In the meantime, you're dealing with a decidedly less refined power-train.
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When every car is electric, no-one cares about the power train any more.
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Other EVs tout a variety of capabilities tied to their all-electric power train architecture.
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It also comes with a diesel power train option, which is unusual for these vehicles.
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To start, it's a hybrid, running on a three-motor, gas-electric all-wheel-drive power train.
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You just have to swap out the engine for one that runs on batteries and replace the power train.
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In an announcement Monday, the business said the vehicle would have a fully electrified power-train and an electrified compactor.
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Musk did take time to rave about the Model S, particularly the newer version, which has a new "Raven" power train.
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"The battery, the motors, the whole electric power train â€" we used an imaginative way to create a better vehicle package.
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It said it saw high demand for power train engineering, materials handling, construction equipment, agricultural engineering, machine tools, and food technology and packaging.
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Even by 2022 a comparable electric system will weigh between four and nine tonnes depending on range; a diesel power-train weighs two tonnes.
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The execs were also joined by Drew Baglino, who has been with Tesla for 14 years and leads battery, power train and solar roof projects.
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It is time for a smoke break at the Harley-Davidson power-train facility in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, and the talk is all about tariffs.
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"One of our alpha [prototype cars], you may recall, hit 235 miles an hour in testing, and that was with our old power train," he said.
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The car's engine compartment has also been modified to accommodate its hydrogen fuel-cell based power train, which GM says offers unique advantages for military use.
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Running on the same fuel as a dump truck, the F-Pace still manages to impress with a responsive power-train and an absurdly capable chassis.
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The automaker has 12 vehicle assembly plants, 12 engine and power train facilities and a handful of stamping plants and other facilities around the United States.
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"We're an electric motorcycle and power-train manufacturer founded in 2150 in Santa Cruz, California…we're sold in over 30 countries," Zero CEO Sam Paschel told TechCrunch.
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Last month, Sibanye bought SFA (Oxford), which provides market intelligence on battery materials and precious metals, to leverage the knowledge it has on future power train requirements.
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Nearly everything changes when you opt for a fundamentally different power train, so GM's greatest advantage—more than a century of experience building cars—was all but moot.
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Different power train configuration, battery configurations enable us to [think] big picture [about] the market without a model... We're moving into beta, getting closer and closer to that reveal.
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"Ford understands and regrets that many customers have been inconvenienced and frustrated by the performance of the DPS6 transmission," said Dave Filipe, vice president of power train engineering at Ford.
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Aiding the Model 3's rollover rating is its all-electric power-train design, the focal point of which is a large, heavy battery at the floor of the car.
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The Polestar 2 is the brand's first mass-market production EV, and Volvo's as well—though the car's power train is also headed for the parent company's newly announced XC40 Recharge SUV.
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Rinspeed's Snap vehicle, also on display at CES, is made up of two parts: interchangeable pods that attach to a rolling skateboard-like chassis, which houses data-processing computers and the EV power train.
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For example, Honda recently announced it will offer both full battery electric, and plug-in hybrid versions of its Clarity model, adding to the original Clarity with a hydrogen fuel cell-based power train.
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We expect HMC and Kia's capex to gradually rise over the medium-term due to increased investment in power train improvement, expanding green-car line-ups and the build-up of HMC's new Genesis luxury brand.
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With a driving range of 2590 miles, a power train capable of 603 horsepower, and a gorgeous rear end that Mercedes deemed its "boat tail," this battery-powered convertible coupe is what we can only dream the future of electric vehicles holds.
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The setup would combine a plug-in battery strong enough to serve as the car's main power train, plus a motor with a small gas engine that would work as a generator, creating electricity to keep the vehicle going when the battery was depleted.
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The partnership aims to develop a new generation of fuel agnostic power train solutions for the 3-wheeler segment, catering to passenger and cargo mobility solutions meeting BS VI norms using Diesel, Petrol, CNG as well as electric-powered solutions for last mile transportation.
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Rather than adjusting production gradually, and using multi-power train platforms, Volkswagen is making a massive bet on a dedicated electric vehicle architecture, known as MEB, in the hope of increasing economies of scale sufficiently to push down the price of electric cars to around 20,000 euros ($22,262).
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Here's more from that section: Forensic analysis has shown that Mr. Strickland accessed and apparently copied onto a portable USB drive and / or a personal Google drive substantial amounts of FF trade secret information that included at least: plans for parts in vehicles, material specs, cost lists, financial spreadsheets, information about FF's proprietary VPA system, confidential power train information, vendor information, and many other categories of confidential and proprietary trade secret information.
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Gaines trained for the NFL Scouting Combine at Power Train Sports Performance in Millersville, Pennsylvania.
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Ultimately, the reactor would use heat to convert water into steam and the power train would be steam-driven.
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World champion Sebastian Vettel in Malaysia 2010 Toyota TS030 Hybrid at 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans motor race The FIA, a governing body for motor racing events, proposed in the Power-Train Regulation Framework for Formula 1 version 1.3 of 23 May 2007 that a new set of power train regulations be issued that includes a hybrid drive of up to 200 kW input and output power using "superbatteries" made with batteries and supercapacitors connected in parallel (KERS).Formula One 2011: Power-Train Regulation Framework. 24 May 2007. Retrieved on 23 April 2013.
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The FIA, the governing body for many motor racing events, proposed in the Power-Train Regulation Framework for Formula 1 version 1.3 of 23 May 2007 that a new set of power train regulations be issued that includes a hybrid drive of up to 200 kW input and output power using "superbatteries" made with both batteries and supercapacitors.
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Power train modifications and performance figures remain unknown but are likely to have been increased as compared to the standard car owing to the extensive modifications.
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The student repairs and overhauls automobiles; works on suspension systems, drive and power train systems, engine, exhaust systems and cooling systems, and plans work procedures using automobile parts and manuals.
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Aftermarket power-train company XL Hybrids announced a hybrid- electric version of the Reach in March 2015 for the Work Truck Show in Indianapolis, using their XL3 Hybrid Electric Drive System.
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The company was taking orders for 2012 delivery, this was later moved back to 2014, and subsequently 2017. The prototype was displayed at the Coventry Motofest, featuring a revised Magtec power train.
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At operating design conditions, each CCPP unit generates 442.3 MW net output. The station generates enough power to meet the electricity needs of one million homes in the UK and began commercial operation on 18 September 2016. The Power Train Each power train includes an Alstom GT26 gas turbine, a horizontal triple-pressure Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), a TOPGAS hydrogen-cooled generator and an Alstom STF15C triple pressure reheat steam turbine with axial exhaust and all other auxiliaries to operate the plant.
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An interesting use of the Venom power train was the Indian Velo 500, an updated, limited-production run of 250 machines devised by American entrepreneur Floyd Clymer, using a Velocette engine with Italian cycle parts.
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Three people were killed and 147 others were injured. More than 390,000 people were urged to be evacuated. Faxai left 934,000 households without power. Train services in JR East were cancelled due to the storm.
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The team aims to promote electric mobility, sustainable transport and to raise awareness of alternative propulsion concepts. The project also allows its participants to gain first-hand experience in developing and constructing a highly efficient power train.
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Aurica Motors, LLC is a start-up based out of Santa Clara, California that develops a proprietary electronic power train called the Aurica Recurve for electric cars. The company has stated its intention to partner with other investors to manufacture electric cars that utilize its electronic power train system. Aurica Motors is an offshoot of Aurica Labs, a research and development company started and funded by physicist Greg Bender. On March 10, 2010, Aurica Motors was thrust into the public spotlight with the announcement of its intentions to save the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.
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AGV installations are found in Stamping Plants, Power Train (Engine and Transmission) Plants, and Assembly Plants delivering raw materials, transporting work-in process, and moving finished goods. AGVs are also used to supply specialized tooling which must be changed.
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Formerly called the M300 EV, the E300 is a multi purpose vehicle based on the Fiat Multipla but using an electric power train instead of the petrol engined M300. The E300 MPV has 6 seats 5 doors and the floor pan of the Fiat Bravo.
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Severinsky emigrated from the Soviet Union to the United States in 1978. Severinsky is the inventor of the Hyperdrive power-amplified internal combustion engine power train. He patented this invention in 1994. The system is used in hybrid cars, in particular in the Toyota Prius.
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This was the beginning of a trend where Chevrolet restricted certain power train choices to California buyers due to that state's practice of applying more stringent emission (smog) standards than mandated by federal regulations. Convertibles were a vanishing breed by ‘72,Flory, p.864.
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Roger V. Lucy. Canadian Tracked Jeep (Willys) – MilArt.blog Willys and Marmon-Herrington were contracted for five more prototypes, Willys for power train components, and M.H. for hulls and running gear. The Tracked Jeep showed excellent cross-country performance over all terrain types, especially soft mud.
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Heavy equipment or heavy machinery refers to heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction tasks, most frequently ones involving earthwork operations or other large construction tasks. Heavy equipment usually comprises five equipment systems: implementation, traction, structure, power train, control and information.C. B. Tatum et al., J. Constr. Engrg.
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Front brakes were disks with solid rotors. In the rear were drums. The car's tires varied with the power-train, with 145SR13s on the 1.1, and 155SR13s on the 1.3 and 1.5. Tires on the GTIs were larger, with 175/70R13s on the 1.6 GTI and 175/70HR13 on the 1.8.
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It was priced higher than the company's Achiever model. Nevertheless, this bike did not have a mono- shock suspension. The bike had a major visual makeover in late 2008 and is the more expensive 150 cc offering from Hero Honda compared to the Hunk, which has the same power train.
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While the variety of tobacco, climate, and soil type affect the strength and flavor of tobacco smoke, another key variable is the part of the plant from which the leaves are harvested.David Savona, "The Power Train: Strong Cigars Fuel the Industry's Hottest Trend, But Are They for Everyone?" Cigar Aficionado, vol. 10, no.
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The Humdinga transforms from land to water mode when the driver pushes a button. The wheels retract and the power train disconnects from driving the wheels to driving only the jet propulsion system. On water the Humdinga can reach the 'plane' in less than 10 seconds. It has a curb weight of .
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In 1963 Bill Devin began construction of the Devin GT Coupe. The Devin GT was the final model developed by Devin Enterprises. This hardtop grand tourer had the same chassis and power-train as the Devin C but came with a significantly revised body shape. The car's bumpers were made of Neoprene and were integrated into the body shape.
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A duplicate of the Lithium-ion battery powered prototype will top $25,000, including $7,500 for batteries and an advanced DC motor. Lead-acid batteries trim cost between $1,500 and $2,000. However, a diesel-only vehicle can be built for less than $10,000, and the modularity of the design allows an electric power train to be added easily later.
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On January 9, 2009, Maybin indicated he would be going pro and make himself available for the 2009 NFL Draft. He was projected as a Top-10 draft pick.Penn State DE Aaron Maybin Declares for NFL Draft SI.com, January 13, 2009 Maybin trained for the NFL Scouting Combine at Power Train Sports Performance in Millersville, Pennsylvania.
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1941 Graham Hollywood Lacking adequate production facilities, Hupmobile partnered with the ailing Graham-Paige Motor Co. to share the Cord dies. Hupmobile and Graham both sold similar models, all to be built at Graham-Paige's facilities. While each marque used its own power train, the Graham edition, called the Hollywood, differed from the Skylark in a few minor details.
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Practical bollard pull tests under simplified conditions are conducted for human powered vehicles. There, bollard pull is often a category in competitions and gives an indication of the power train efficiency. Although conditions for such measurements are inaccurate in absolute terms, they are the same for all competitors. Hence, they can still be valid for comparing several craft.
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The chassis was reinforced with three welded plates on each side. For rally applications a stone guard protected the power-train and a stone shield did the same for the front of the car. The GT cars received stronger lower front A-arms, and anti- roll bars were fitted front and rear. Ground clearance was reduced to .
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The power train was completed by a Thornton Powr-Lok limited-slip differential. Stopping power for this heavy car came from power-assisted four- wheel disc brakes, the rear units being mounted inboard alongside the differential. Power-assisted steering was standard, the later 4.2 cars receiving Marles Varamatic Bendix (Adwest) variable ratio steering boxes, designed by an Australian, Arthur Bishop.
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The use of high-technology (such as electronic engine control units) in advanced designs resulting from substantial investments in development research by European countries and Japan seemed to give an advantage to them over Chinese automakers and parts suppliers who, as of 2013, had low development budgets and lacked capacity to produce parts for high-tech engine and power train designs.
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Due to friction and mechanical losses in various parts of the power train, the measured power at the wheels is about 15 to 20 percent lower than the power measured directly at the output of engine crankshaft (measuring device with this purpose is called engine testbed).John Dinkel, "Chassis Dynamometer", Road and Track Illustrated Automotive Dictionary, (Bentley Publishers, 2000) page 46.
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The Ferrino is a kit sports car based on a Ferrari Dino, using a tubular chassis and glassfiber body. It was in production in South Africa in the early 1980s. The power train consisted of an Audi 5/6 speed gearbox and the popular Ford Essex V6 engine in a mid-mounted configuration. Some owners preferred fitting Ford or Chevy V8 engines.
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ISSN 1368-485XTacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, pages 46 and 262-263. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. The company's first product was the ElectraFlyer Trike, an ultralight trike powered by an in-house designed electric motor and battery pack. The company then started selling power train components to convert existing ultralights to electric power.
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The interior saw some updates, including a more squared-up dashboard and minor changes in instrumentation. Power train components were the same as 1965. Bonneville for 1967 received a major update over the previous years. Styling was changed dramatically and featured a new grille-in-bumper front design, more creases to accentuate the "Coke body" styling and an updated rear fascia.
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Third rail layout. 1:Cover 2:Power rail 3:Insulator 4:sleeper 5:Rail Third rail (top) at Bloor-Yonge station (Line 1) on the Toronto subway. Energized at 600 volts DC, the third rail provides electrical power to the power-train, and ancillaries of the subway cars. A picture of an NYC Subway train making contact with the Third Rail.
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Purpose of transmission: There are three reasons for having a transmission in the automotive power train or drive train. The transmission can: • Provide torque needed to move the vehicle under a velocity of road and loadcondition. It does this by changing the gear ratio between the engine and crankshaft and vehicle drive wheel. • Be shifted into reverse so the vehicle can move backward.
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The power train consists of two Siemens Westinghouse 501 FD Phase 2 combustion turbine generators (CTG), each maximum and each followed by a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The two HRSGs are heated from the CTG exhaust gases to generate steam. The generated steam is let in a single steam turbine generator (STG) of maximum. Resulting peak output is gross.
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The NREL, EDS, and GM together sponsored the 1995 Sunrayce. The route ran from the Indianapolis Speedway to Denver, Colorado. Sunseeker 95 took advantage of the excellent chassis from the previous race and built a new array, installed a new power train, refined the aerodynamics, and formed a new strategy. These changes allowed Sunseeker to place 8th in a competitive field of 36 cars.
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In all, an estimated 300 to 400 trucks were transformed in this way. Senior officers saw the 5-ton gun truck as a temporary solution until enough V-100 armored cars arrived. However, by 1970 it became obvious to all - except the Military Police - that the V-100 was a death trap if the armor was penetrated. Furthermore, the V-100 had problems with its power train.
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In more modern automobiles, this refers generally to the body panel or panels starting at the front "bumper" to the first door line excluding the engine hood. The opposite of the fender is the "quarter panel". ;Frame-on-rail: A design used in older (pre-unibody) cars, trucks, and SUVs. The power train and body are mounted to a rigid structural framework called a rail.
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The power train is accommodated in the front right-side of the vehicle in a protected space completely separated from the crew. The central transfer case transmits the torque to all wheels that have independent suspension and provide for the vehicle’s high mobility. All the shafts provide power, while the first two steer the wheels. The driver and commander are positioned in the front of the vehicle.
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Many steam vessels have been built or fallen under the category of privately owned. These vessels can be luxury cruisers or decommissioned commercial vessels, especially now as the nostalgia value surrounding steam technology increases. Now steam vessels are not nearly as common as yachts with a more conventional power-train, mostly due to the scarcity and special knowledge required to operate and maintain these vessels.
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It was in diameter and in width and produced . Power was transmitted by a line shaft. Using a suspension system, akin to the spokes on a bicycle, allowed the wheel to be lighter than the wooden one it replaced. Taking the power train off the rim rather than from axle reduces the stress and gears up the line-shaft leading to less power loss.
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He finished the series in 8th place overall. In 2012, Alex Healy appointed a new crew and received increased support from his main sponsor. The RSX had a significant power train upgrade with major improvement to aerodynamics, expecting to see improved handling, performance and reliability. Healy returned to the CTCC series with sufficient funding to compete for the entire season of 8 events (16 races).
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The soldiers appreciated the much needed armored protection but the extra weight of the add-on-armor kits reduced the Humvee's acceleration and speed substantially. The suspension and power train wore out quickly. The modified heavier vehicle's sluggishness could not match the maneuverability of the insurgent's vehicles. By the Palm Sunday Ambush on March 20, 2005, all vehicles on the road had some form of armor whether improvised or factory built.
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2 (February 2002), pg. 150. The leaves of a tobacco plant ripen from the bottom to the top and are harvested in a series of "primings" as they become ready.Savona, "The Power Train," pp. 150-151. As successive layers of leaves are picked and time passes, nutrients concentrate in the slowest ripening leaves remaining at the top of the plant, resulting in the strongest and most flavorful cigar tobacco.
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In 2007, the company's former gasoline engine and power train product lines, which is what the company had been most known for, were sold to Platinum Equity LLC, which does business as Tecumseh Power. Tecumseh engine products at one time were sold in over 120 countries. In December 2008, the company closed its engine manufacturing division. Tecumseh Power sold off its Peerless transmissions business to McDermott Outdoor Products.
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Porsche has introduced magnetorheological engine mounts in the 2010 Porsche GT3 and GT2. At high engine revolutions, the magnetorheological engine mounts get stiffer to provide a more precise gearbox shifter feel by reducing the relative motion between the power train and chassis/body. As of September 2007, Acura (Honda) has begun an advertising campaign highlighting its use of MR technology in passenger vehicles manufactured for the 2007 MDX model year.
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Toyota agreed to purchase of Tesla common stock subsequent to the closing of Tesla's planned initial public offering. Toyota, with the assistance of Tesla, built 35 converted RAV4s (Phase Zero vehicles) for a demonstration and evaluation program that ran through 2011. The lithium metal-oxide battery and other power train components were supplied by Tesla Motors. Four years later, Toyota, along with Daimler, began to unwind its position in Tesla.
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Durand's design for the Sera was a stylish 2-seat convertible. A removable hardtop was optional. The Sera incorporated parts from other vehicles. The windshield, for instance, was from the Simca Aronde Océane, the taillights were from the Panhard PL 17 and the backlight in the removable hardtop was from the Citroën DS. The Sera weighed less than and was designed around a backbone chassis with a power-train and running gear sourced from Panhard.
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Westinghouse then developed steam turbines for maritime propulsion. Large turbines were most efficient at about 3,000 rpm, while an efficient propeller operated at about 100 rpm. That required reduction gearing, but building reduction gearing that could operate at high rpm and at high power was difficult, since a slight misalignment would shake the power train to pieces. Westinghouse and his engineers devised an automatic alignment system that made turbine power practical for large vessels.
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The interior featured a new wrap around style dash with new switchgear, instrumentation and trim. As per the up-and-coming US Title 49 legislation, 67' Bonnevilles were equipped with seatbelts as standard, as well as other government mandated safety equipment. 1967 also saw a large power-train and chassis refresh for Pontiac. The 389 cubic inch plant was replaced with one, and the 421 cubic inch plant was replaced with a one.
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SkyCruiser is a concept of a vertical take-off and landing transformer aircraft with limited road drive capability. It has 5 seats and is powered by a hybrid power train. While all rotors and propellers are driven by electric motors, the electric energy is produced by a 400 hp internal combustion engine mated to a generator. A small battery provides backup storage of electric energy enabling SkyCruiser to briefly fly purely on stored electric power.
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Torque density is a measure of the torque-carrying capability of a mechanical component. It is the ratio of torque capability to volume and is expressed in units of torque per volume. Torque density is a system property since it depends on the design of each element of the component being examined and their interconnection. Torque density is useful during the concept evaluation stage of mechanical designs, especially in power train design problems.
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Once again Durand selected a Panhard front-wheel drive power- train, as used in the ACPA and the previous Aristas. The engine was available in 42bhp normal or 50bhp Tigre versions. When the Panhard engine became unavailable some later cars were built with engines from Peugeot, Fiat-Neckar, Ford and Triumph. Out of a total production of just over 100 cars about a dozen Arista JDs were built between 1964 and 1967.
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A PCM from a 1996 Chevrolet Beretta. A power-train control module, abbreviated PCM, is an automotive component, a control unit, used on motor vehicles. It is generally a combined controller consisting of the engine control unit (ECU) and the transmission control unit (TCU). On some cars, such as many Chryslers, there are multiple computers: the PCM, the TCU, and the Body Control Module (BCM), for a total of three separate computers.
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The new electronically controlled four-speed automatic transmission, known as the Ultradrive or A604 (List of Chrysler transmissions), debuted in 1989, and became the sole transmission for V6 models through the 1993 final production year of the Dynasty. In 1989 the EPA rating for the 3.0/Ultradrive power-train changed to 18 city / 26 highway MPG. The new 3.3L V6 engine for 1990, with the Ultradrive transmission, was rated at 19 city/ 26 highway MPG.
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The MG E-Motion is an electric sports car concept that was unveiled at the Shanghai Motor Show 2017. The E-Motion features eye-catching butterfly doors and has a four-seat layout inside. It uses advanced connectivity systems and touchscreen infotainment for both the front and rear passengers. The E-Motion uses an all-electric power-train that has been developed in-house by SAIC and is part of SAIC's modular electric system.
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Manual power train equipped G/S coupe models receive a tweaked LS3 with a forged crank, are built in Z06 fashion by hand, and utilize a dry-sump oil system. The first three gears were also made shorter for better throttle response and faster acceleration. A new launch control system was introduced for all models that allows for sub-4-second 0–60. EPA is estimated 26 MPG highway, 1.0 G on skid pad.
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The name Longchamp is likely a reference to the Longchamp Racecourse in Paris and/or Longchamps, Buenos Aires, a city near de Tomaso company founder Alejandro de Tomaso's birthplace. The Longchamp featured a long and wide hood to accommodate the American power train, i.e. the 351 cubic inch (5,769 cc) Ford Cleveland V8. The 351 Cleveland, a popular and very potent engine in early 1970s Ford muscle cars, was the same unit used in the Pantera.
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1978: Gale Banks Engineering is contracted by N.I.S.T.A. in the Department of Transportation to develop the power train for its Large Research Safety Vehicle (L.S.R.V.) program. When finished, it met proposed 1985 fuel and emission standards. This year also saw Banks develop the world’s first electronically injected oxygen-sensing turbocharged engine for Volvo. 1980: The U.S. Navy Seals contract Banks to develop an experimental twin-turbo marine engine that produces 535-hp and runs on 84-octane "Battle Gas".
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The RG-33 is a mine-resistant light armored vehicle initially designed by BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa (formerly Land Systems OMC) a South African subsidiary of BAE Systems. BAE Systems in the US extensively modified it with additional protection, new power train and suspension systems. It was built in a number of locations including York, Pennsylvania. It was one of several vehicles being fielded by the US Armed Forces in Iraq under the MRAP program.
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The 2.4 litre Tigershark engine mated to the 948TE nine speed automatic transmission is the only power train available for the ProMaster City.2015 Ram ProMaster City: The Ram-PMC Is a True Rock Box Trim levels are Tradesman, SLT, Wagon, and Wagon SLT. Like the larger Ram ProMaster, the Ram ProMaster City received a facelift for the model year of 2019. The front "crosshair" grille was replaced with a plain front grille with the 'RAM' lettering.
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Millechili, Italian for one thousand (mille) kilograms (chili), is the code name for a prototype sports car to be manufactured by Ferrari. It was a lightweight version of the Enzo Ferrari that would borrow features from Formula One race cars, using the F430's aluminium space frame on a wheelbase. The hybrid power train utilising a V10 engine used in the car would exceed . The car was mainly a technological concept with no intention of production.
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1978: Gale Banks Engineering is contracted by N.I.S.T.A. in the Department of Transportation to develop the power train for its Large Research Safety Vehicle (L.S.R.V.) program. When finished, it met proposed 1985 fuel and emission standards. This year also saw Banks develop the world’s first electronically injected oxygen-sensing turbocharged engine for Volvo. 1980: The U.S. Navy Seals contract Banks to develop an experimental twin-turbo marine engine that produces 535-hp and runs on 84-octane "Battle Gas".
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Audi cars of that era were luxurious cars equipped with special bodywork. In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Union AG, Chemnitz. It was during this period that the company offered the Audi Front that became the first European car to combine a six- cylinder engine with front-wheel drive. It used a power train shared with the Wanderer, but turned 180 degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the front.
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Based on the single car railbus prototypes, the class 140 was built to BR's then stringent regulations regarding crashworthiness and resistance to end loading in 1980. This meant that it lost its lightweight 'bus on a wagon' look and was much more substantial. The original traction power train consisted of a Leyland TL11 200 HP engine, a Self-Changing Gears mechanical automatic gearbox and a Gmeinder final drive unit on each car driving only one axle.
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Of 800 Islanders in service, around 600 are used for short flights. After that, CAeS wants to convert an existing 19-seat airliner to hybrid-electric propulsion, then use this EASA-certified power train in a new-design 19-seat. Rolls-Royce may evolve the design into a series hybrid with a M250 turboshaft instead of the twin piston engines, before powering 19-seat commuter airliner. By November 2019, first flight was scheduled for April 2022.
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The design was of central backbone tube construction with modular power train concept in 4×4, 4×2, 6×6, 6×4 and 6×2 configuration. Version 4×2, 6×4, and 6×2 were produced in very low quantity. The main advantages of central load carrying backbone tube are in its high torsion and bend strength protecting truck body against load stresses. The secondary advantage is that it houses all important parts of the drive train.
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Liberty wind turbine in Dutch Hill Wind farmThe 2.5 MW Liberty Wind Turbine was the largest wind turbine manufactured in the United States when it was first installed. The turbine was developed through a partnership with U.S. Department of Energy and its National Renewable Energy Laboratory for Clipper Windpower. The design of the turbine was meant to reduce problems with power train components that have been experienced in other machines. A two-ton crane within the nacelle simplifies maintenance thereby reducing costs. The size and weight of the liberty allow it to be constructed with crane of the same capacity as used with most 1.5 MW turbines.Largest Wind Turbine Manufactured in U.S. Gets Energy Award Commercial sales for the new Liberty turbine started in June 2006. Sales stopped in 2012 as the model was experiencing problems with power train components that had cost the company hundreds of millions of dollars in warranty repairs.Customer seeks to freeze Clipper Windpower assets Liberty Wind Turbine uses an 80 meter tall tower as a standard in its design.
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The Prima type locomotives built at Alstom's Valencia plant were engined with General motors engines; in fact the entire power train - engine, generator, electronics and motors were supplied by General Motors for the Valencia built Primas. For the locomotives built in France - primarily those exported outside Europe Ruston engines were used. The Prima diesels for SNCF Fret used MTU engines. Modern innovations in the Prima class included - a centrally located drivers seat with ergonomically arranged controls, a monocoque rigid bodyshell.
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The Camry Classical also retains the exterior and interior from the facelifted Southeast Asian Camry, but with a redesigned grille. In Thailand, the 2.0-litre models are available in two trim packages: the 2.0 E and 2.0 G. The 2.4-litre variant is also available in Malaysia, utilizing the 2AZ-FE engine model. The output of this 2.4 V model is at 6000 rpm with of torque at 4000 rpm. Furthermore, a hybrid power train model has been available since 2009.
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The steering column is also adjustable by height and angle. The crew compartment is located in the rear of the vehicle and provides enough space for various missions. This part of the vehicle can be accessed through the rear ramp, through the two doors embedded in this ramp or through the big hatches on the vehicle roof. The ramp is hydraulic-operated by way of the power train. It can be activated both from the driver’s compartment and the crew compartment.
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However, the entire power train, namely the engine position, power transmission and wheels are based on the design of conventional motorcycles. The position of the fuel tank, in fact, located below the seat, is the main aspect that truly differentiates the underbone with other conventional motorcycles. This allows for a design that improves ease of mounting and dismounting, making the underbone popular with consumers of both genders. The engine size of a typical underbone motorcycle can range between 80cc to 150cc.
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The main differences from the older Bv206s are a more powerful Cummins 5.9 litre diesel engine, improved ground clearance, and newly developed chassis, power train and steering units that give the vehicle considerably enhanced speed (from previous 51.5 km/h on road) and comfort on road and in terrain, as well as greater load-carrying capability (up to 5 tons), and the ability to add various modular sub-systems such as add-on armour, weapon mounts, a load- changer and cargo platforms.
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2017 Toyota Avalon Hybrid (US) The hybrid gasoline-electric model of the 2013 model year Avalon uses the revised version of Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive power train, similar to the one powering the 2012 model year Camry Hybrid. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency rated the Avalon Hybrid as on combined cycle, on city, and on highway driving. The hybrid version went on sale in the United States in December 2012. The Avalon Hybrid comes with a 2.5 L inline-4 engine.
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When the rear wheels were powered, the diesel genset was on. The GM "dual-mode" hybrid can be viewed as a combined version of the power train used on the Precept, but independent of what kind of engine is used. If you include the front-wheel motor into the rear-axle, divorce it from the engine genset, you conceptually convert the Precept two-axle system into a "dual-mode" drivetrain using only one axle and capable of being incorporated into large vehicles.
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The Mercedes-Benz BlueZERO concept is Mercedes' attempt at the alternative fuel vehicle movement. The BlueZERO is a flexible concept that has the ability to accommodate the three different types of future alternative fuels: electric, hybrid, and hydrogen fueled. It was first introduced at the 2009 Detroit Auto Show which took place January 11–25. It features a single vehicle architecture that accommodates three models with different electric power- train configurations, each of which are fully developed and ready for testing.
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The BlueZERO concept is based on a single architecture, a sandwich-floor architecture, which allows all of the drive components to be located on this sandwich floor design. This makes it possible to obtain a low center of mass and also leaves ample trunk and interior space. No compromises were made when it comes to passenger space or luggage capacity. With all the major power- train components located between the axles, the BlueZERO achieved a high passenger safety standard commonly associated with Mercedes.
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Partial bans on motor vehicles from urban areas have been shown to have minimal impacts upon reducing sound levels (as would become clear from later modeling studies); for example, the partial ban in Gothenburg, Sweden resulted in minuscule reduction of sound levels. Regulation in the EU and Japan of tire and power-train noise has only sought to reduce noise by approx 3 dB, and will only slowly take effect because a few older noisier vehicles can dominate the soundscape.
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The company has vehicle manufacturing facilities in Japan, Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia, and twelve plants co-owned in partnership with others.Vehicles production, Power train / Part production, Development / Design Base (Connection base) , Mitsubishi Motors website In Brazil, it has a production agreement with a local group with no direct investment from MMC. It also has three further engine and transmission manufacturing plants, five R&D; centres and 75 subsidiaries, affiliates and partners. Its vehicles are manufactured, assembled or sold in more than 160 countries worldwide.
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Five-door Three-door The car was launched as two distinct models (later three models for 2017): the five-door Evoque, the three-door Evoque Coupé, and the Convertible Evoque (launched as a 2017 model). The Coupé model was later discontinued after the 2017 model year, while the five-door and Convertible models remained in production. The production-model Evoque retained nearly identical bodywork from the LRX concept vehicle, including the cabin length panoramic sun roof. No hybrid power train is currently being offered.
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Another way to offer start/stop is by employing a static start engine. Such an engine requires no starter motor, but employs sensors to determine the exact position of each piston, then precisely timing the injection and ignition of fuel to turn over the engine. Mild hybrids are sometimes called Power assist hybrids as they use the ICE for primary power, with a torque-boosting electric motor connected to a (largely) conventional power train. The electric motor is mounted between the engine and transmission.
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400px The Urban Driving Cycle ECE-15 (or just UDC) was introduced first in 1970 as part of ECE vehicle regulations; the recent version is defined by ECE R83, R84 and R101.E/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.100/Rev.3 or E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.100/Rev.3 (12 April 2013), "Agreement concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions", Addendum 100: Regulation No. 101, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of passenger cars powered by an internal combustion engine only, or powered by a hybrid electric power train with regard to the measurement of the emission of carbon dioxide and fuel consumption and/or the measurement of electric energy consumption and electric range, and of categories M1 and N1 vehicles powered by an electric power train only with regard to the measurement of electric energy consumption and electric range.E/ECE/324/Rev.1/Add.82/Rev.4 or E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.82/Rev.
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Both players entered a program for first-time offenders; under the terms of the program, if they successfully complete a year of probation, the charges may be expunged from their records.Current, Former Penn State Players Get Probation Yahoo Sports, February 3, 2009 In 10 games in 2008, Evans recorded just 34 tackles, 4.5 tackles for loss, and 3 sacks. Evans elected to leave Penn State after to 2008 season and enter the NFL Draft. He trained for the NFL Scouting Combine at Power Train Sports Performance in Millersville, Pennsylvania.
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The most original feature was the roof which could be unhooked and stored in the boot. From Chinetti himself came another special order. At that time Zagato started a new project for a different four- seater, mid engined concept which became the 1970 Cadillac N.A.R.T. This would be a luxurious, sophisticated, high performance four-seater. The front wheel drive power train of a Cadillac Eldorado was relocated to create a mid-engined layout. Zagato was asked to build the prototype from the drawings and a clay model that was conceived in GM’s studios.
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The standard IB5 gearbox was strengthened on the Racing Puma in comparison to the standard models. It contains modified shafts, which have been shot peened to withstand the extra load placed upon them. This allowed a revised Power-train Control Module software to be used, allowing more power and torque to be used in lower gears. Additionally, Ford Racing offered an optional limited-slip differential to enhance handling even further, only 75 customer cars actually came equipped with that option from factory, but since then, subsequent owners have been known to retrofit it.
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Nissan Kohki (Nissan's power train engineering and manufacturing facility) originally tested a twin turbocharged bored and stroked version of the RB20 engine. This set up resulted in a power output of and used a rear wheel drive drivetrain. Under Group A regulations, a turbocharged engine must multiply its engine displacement by 1.7, putting the new Skyline in the 4,000 cc class, and requiring the use of 10-inch-wide tyres. Knowing that they would be required to use 10-inch-wide tyres, Nissan decided to make the car all wheel drive.
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This also meant that a new truck had to be designed with a lower suspension, clutch and power train. Together with truck producers Ewals Cargo Care looked for a new solution which was eventually found in the lowdeck truck, which was first launched by MAN. Volvo and Scania followed soon after. Trailer manufacturers such as Krone and Van Hool were responsible for the trailer development which eventually led to the introduction of the all new mega trailer in 1991, a new type of equipment that would very quickly conquer European roads.
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Prototypes in 968 bodies were built to test the mid-engine power train of the 986 by the end of 1993, with proper prototypes surfacing in 1994. Pilot production began in the second half of 1995, ahead of series production in mid-1996. Through consultation with Toyota, Porsche began widely sharing parts among models and slashed costs. The car stimulated a commercial turnaround for Porsche, and it's credited with saving the company, which during the early 1990s had been suffering with an ageing product range and falling sales.
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Its fully cast armoured steel hull gave reinforced protection and, with the driver's seat repositioned to meet British requirements for right-hand drive, lower height; while the U.S.-designed chassis and power train ensured its overall reliability.Broad p27 Although it could mount a US 75 mm gun, the preferred armament for the Ram was the QF 6 pounder which had superior armour-piercing capability. As neither the 6 pounder nor the Canadian-designed mounting for it was immediately available, early production (50 tanks) were fitted with the 40 mm QF 2-pounder gun.
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The unique design of the Model G lends itself extremely well to electric vehicle conversion; a small DC electric motor replaces the original engine and bolts directly to the transmission housing through a commercially available adapter plate. A contactor and electronic motor controller are typically mounted to the same plate. Batteries are mounted in a box above the motor, where they are easily accessible for routine maintenance. The overall weight distribution mimics the tail-heavy design of the original tractor power train, which requires a visible nose counterweight.
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The origins of the Class 40 fleet lay in the prototype diesel locomotives (Types D16/1 ordered by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and British Railways and D16/2 ordered by British Railways between 1947 and 1954) and most notably with the Southern Region locomotive No. 10203, which was powered by English Electric's 16SVT MkII engine developing 2,000 bhp (1,460 kW).Class 40 History Part 1 Class 40 Preservation Society - Retrieved on 2007-07-17 The bogie design and power train of 10203 was used almost unchanged on the first ten production Class 40s.
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Toledo Supplier Park opened in 2007 by DaimlerChrysler to produce the new Jeep Wrangler. The name comes from the two on-site suppliers who make different parts for the Wrangler. There is Mobis North America (formerly OMMC) owned by Hyundai Mobis, which assembles the chassis, axles and power train, and KUKA Toledo Production Operations (KTPO), a wholly owned subsidiary of KUKA Systems North America LLC, which operates the body shop; both employ their own employees and control their own operations. While the suppliers may make most of the parts, final assembly is done by Chrysler.
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The Thunderjet could outperform contemporary inlines primarily because the vertical-shaft layout allowed the bulky motor magnets to be mounted to the front and rear, which left the full width of the chassis for the armature and windings. Inline motors require side-mounted magnets, limiting the size of both armature and magnets. The extra torque of the pancake motor's oversized armature more than made up for the friction losses in its complex power train. The Aurora Thunderjet (or T-jet as it is informally called) was probably the best-selling slot car in history.
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From 1983, the car was produced as the FSO 125p 1500/1300. In the late 1980s the 125p received its last upgrade in form of power train from the FSO Polonez and a new instrument cluster featuring round gauges in place of the classic Fiat speedometer. The car was produced until 26 June 1991 (to fulfill factory preproduction sales obligation – the communist prepayments system, system przedpłat); in total, 1,445,689 were manufactured. By that time the design was 24 years old and used mechanicals which were essentially 30 years old, with only minor improvements.
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Instead of the conventional electric motor arrangement, one motor per axle, the locomotive had a somewhat unconventional motor arrangement: two large electric motors, one for each bogie, placed on top of the bogies driving the three axles via an external gearbox. The class initially had a lot of teething problems affecting the battery, radiator and power train. The original French design could not withstand the severe Finnish climate. For instance, hoods had to be fitted in Finland to the air intakes and ventilation grilles on the roof to prevent snow from entering the engines.
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The aircraft featured a cantilever low-wing, a two-seat side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed tricycle landing gear, and a single engine in tractor configuration. The aircraft was made from composites. The power train consisted of a Siemens SP55D electric motor which was intended to be powered by batteries for take-off and landing. A FlyEco three-cylinder diesel engine, derived from a Smart Car engine, with common rail injection and electronic controls, was intended to recharge the batteries in flight for extended range.
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They were single-seater. The 10 and 11 did not have a speedometer and ashtray, the 11 takes advantage of the storage bag found in the 12. All had electric starters, wipers and the chromed muffler could be transverse or longitudinally mounted. The main difference was in the power train: the 10 and 11 used a 47 cc (2.85 c.i.) Saxonette single-cylinder engine by Fichtel & Sachs that delivered about 3 HP (2.2 kW), coupled to a two-speed automatic transmission. The 12 featured a Motobécane 50 cc (3.05 c.
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It was the strongest backing among all the automakers up to that time: 2-years or on the entire automobile, as well as 5-years or on the engine and power train. American Motors continued its industry-exclusive ceramic-coated exhaust system as standard on Rambler Americans. Newly appointed as AMC's new Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Roy D. Chapin, Jr. began to promote and reposition the Rambler American, the automaker's least popular line. He bet on the Rambler American to improve the automaker's financial performance after George W. Romney.
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The cars were tested by General Motors Research Laboratories (CMRL) in April 1984, to provide an independent evaluation. The tests demonstrated that the type of engine "could be developed into an automotive power train for passenger vehicles and that it could produce favorable results." However, progress was achieved with equal- power spark-ignition engines since 1977, and the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) achieved by automobiles in the U.S. did not stand still. The Stirling engine still showed a shortfall in fuel efficiency and concerns about the ability to mass-produce it.
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Aviation Maintenance Technicians (AMT) are an enlisted rating of the United States Coast Guard. They inspect, service, maintain, troubleshoot and repair aircraft engines, auxiliary power units, propellers, rotor systems, power train systems, and associated airframe and systems-specific electrical components. They service, maintain and repair aircraft fuselages; wings; rotor blades; fixed and movable flight control surfaces; and also bleed aircraft air, hydraulic and fuel systems. AMTs fill aircrew positions such as flight engineer, flight mechanic, loadmaster, dropmaster, Aircraft Ground Handling, Flight Deck Handling, sensor-systems operator and basic aircrewman.
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Lindner Transporter T 3500S Lindner 1600 Alpin Turbo Lindner Lintrac at Dirndlkirtag in Frankenfels, Austria (2017) The first Lindner tractor, the S 14, was produced between 1948 and 1950. Powered by a 1330 cc engine, it was joined by a range of more powerful tractors, the JW 15 (1949), the JW 20 (1950) and JW 35 (1953). The Bauernfreund (BF) brand was introduced in 1953, which would last until 1985. The BF 250, 320 and 450 were introduced in 1967 with 3-cylinder Perkins water-cooled engines and the A-210 ZF power train.
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In 1928, reversible cars were put into service, consisting of a power train and a trailer or two power cars framing a trailer. These “Pullman” trams were replaced in 1937 by bogie trams, which were modernized beginning in 1944. From 9 November 1950, the service began to be split between trams and buses, which connected the Noailles station to Saint-Pierre along the Cours Lieutaud, Baille boulevard and St. Pierre street, continuing parallel to the tram track, with trams only running during peak hours. On 23 June 1958, service between Saint-Pierre and Aubagne wound up, having lasted for 53 years.
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Fig-1, Aluminum-graphite particle composite piston and cylinder Copper-lead bearings used in crankshaft main-bearing caps can be replaced with lead-free aluminum- or copper-matrix composites containing graphite particles developed at UWM[6,9]. Graphite is nontoxic, and the use of aluminum- and copper-graphite composite bearings as a replacement for leaded copper reduces weight. The bearings also improve wear characteristics because deformation of the graphite particles results in the formation of a continuous graphite film, which provides self-lubrication of the component, allowing for improved component longevity. These materials could benefit virtually all journal bearings in the power train.
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Actor Steve McQueen tested the BSA Hornet and described it as "a keen bike - but I found it awfully heavy". McQueen suggested that a lot more weight would have to be stripped off to make the bike competitive. He also noted that the Hornet also had a tendency to want to go its own way but had what he called a 'good-functioning' power train. He also suggested that if the front forks were raked on a more forward angle the BSA would have "a more stable ride in the rough and would be generally a smoother performer".
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With the company's financial health and future in question, even an extra-long engine warranty appeared to be not enough to instill confidence among consumers. This was the strongest backing among all the automakers up to that time and promised to cover the entire vehicle for 2 years or , as well as the engine and power train for 5 years or . The last quarter sales for AMC ended September 30th, 1966 (AMC was not on a calendar fiscal year) were disappointing. AMC recorded a balance sheet loss of $12,648,000 for the year before Tax Credits and deferred Tax Assets.
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In 2012, Acura introduced a new model called the ILX which replaced the Acura CSX in Canada and is based heavily on the Honda Civic platform. It shares the same 3 power train variants from the Civic: the 2.0L, 2.4L VTEC and a 1.5L Hybrid. It also unveiled the Acura RLX Concept, a replacement for the RL sedan, at the New York International Auto Show. The ILX went on sale in May 2012 in the United States as a 2013 model. Third generation Acura MDX Acura NSX Also in 2012, Acura "reinvented" another model, The RDX concept.
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Turtles are a class of educational robots designed originally in the late 1940s (largely under the auspices of researcher William Grey Walter) and used in computer science and mechanical engineering training. These devices are traditionally built low to the ground with a roughly hemispheric (sometimes transparent) shell and a power train capable of a very small turning radius. The robots are often equipped with sensor devices which aid in avoiding obstacles and, if the robot is sufficiently sophisticated, allow it some perception of its environment. Turtle robots are commercially available and are common projects for robotics hobbyists.
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Designed to be low-cost, yet effectively durable for the price - protection is equivalent to that of a Simba - a single unit costs roughly Php 6.8 million, around US$150,000. Currently, the MX-8 is in its second prototype form after the first went through testing at the Light Armored Division's Research and Development Command with significant changes done to the frame and power train after the RDC's testing and evaluation found several potential problems arising from the prototype's design. The second prototype gets rid of these problems, and is currently awaiting to be transferred to the RDC for further testing and evaluation.
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Its location provides it with a large market area, being 6.4 kilometres (4 miles) from the Canada/USA border with Buffalo, N.Y. and 17 kilometres (11 miles) from Niagara Falls. It is a hybrid development with aspects that would make it unique from other racetracks. It will have the two race courses as well as, Research and Development, Light Industrial and Commercial areas on the site. A specific objective is to develop relevance for motorsports through the initiatives of the Research and Development area, which concentrates on advancing fuels, materials and power train technologies, while augmenting environmental sustainability through a bio diversity initiative.
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The Frua is built on an AC Cobra 427 Mark III chassis extended by 6 inches (150 mm). Chassis were built at the AC plant in England then shipped to Frua's workshop in Italy where the body was fitted and then sent back to England to have the power train and trim added. The cost was high and the cars could not be sold at a competitive price. Unlike similar cars such as the Iso Grifo, Iso Rivolta, Monteverdi, and De Tomaso models of the period, the AC Frua features fully independent racing based coil spring suspension.
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On 19 December 1979, the group introduced the first prototype, called the Versuchsfahrzeug 1 (test train 1). By the middle of 1980, a three-part train capable of reaching was developed, and the name Versuchsfahrzeug 2 (test train 2) was used. This was to be tested in the then- under-construction railway test facility Rheine-Feren, between the towns of Rheine and Freren. After the dry tests of the test train 1 in the early 1980s, preparations for a new prototype began, now named as the Rad/Schiene-Versuchs- und -Demonstrationsfahrzeug (Rail-wheel test and demonstration power train) (R/S-VD).
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Tolerance rings are used in a number of mechanisms throughout the automotive powertrain and steering systems, as well as the car interior and exterior. Their torque limiting and overload capabilities allow them to be used as simple clutch devices in several applications, such as the automatic tailgate motor and the collapsible steering column. They are also used by automotive manufacturers to mount bearings in hinges and gears in the power train. Their lightweight properties have also made tolerance rings attractive to automotive manufacturers as they seek to enhance car performance while complying with government requirements for reductions in carbon emissions.
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The San Francisco Hornblower Hybrid is a catamaran, with a fully enclosed main deck, and covered roof deck. In 2008 the vessel was acquired by Alcatraz Cruises, a subsidiary of Hornblower Cruises. The vessel, which was previously a commercial diving boat, underwent a retrofit, repower and refurbishment operation, at a cost of USD 4 million. In addition to its main power train, which consists of Tier 2 marine diesel engines, the Hornblower Hybrid uses power generated by two ten-foot-tall twisted Savonius wind turbines and a photovoltaic solar array covering the awning on the top deck.
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The new car was called the Devin Super Sport, or SS. The rolling chassis was built in Ireland and then shipped to El Monte where the body and power-train was fitted and the interior trimmed. Released in 1959, the SS was initially priced at US$5950.00. Art Evans partnered with his father and Ocee Ritch to make Evans Industries the sole distributor for the SS. Due to a variety of issues with the Irish chassis Devin designed a replacement that was made in California and was called the American chassis. The price for the cars made with the American chassis rose to US$10,000.00 in the last year of production.
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Yet again design continued with the proven central backbone tube construction and power train integrated into the central backbone tube as a modular concept in 4x4 and 6x6 configuration. A new feature was the inter-axle differential. The main advantages of the central load carrying backbone tube are in its high torsion and bend strength, which protects the truck body against load stresses. The secondary advantage is that it houses all important parts of the drive train as well as it enables a concept of modular construction where designers and customers can specify 4 and 6 wheel drive, as well as various length wheelbase combinations.
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Depending on the version, these different engines can be coupled to a six-speed manual gearbox, or eight-speed EAT8 automatic transmission. Citroën also announced that the C5 Aircross will be the first Citroën vehicle equipped with a plug-in hybrid power train at the end of 2019, which should offer a range of 60 km in all-electric mode. The engine options in China are the, for PSA China, standard modern turbocharged 1.6 (350THP) and 1.8 (380THP) engines that are used as well in the Chinese Citroën C5 and C6 and the Peugeot 4008 and 5008 and the Peugeot 508 and some DS models.
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Electrical vehicles have a long history combining internal combustion and electrical transmission –as in a diesel-electric power-train-, although they have mostly been used for rail locomotives. A diesel-electric powertrain fails the definition of hybrid because the electrical drive transmission directly replaces the mechanical transmission rather than being a supplementary source of motive power. One of the earliest forms of hybrid land vehicle is the 'trackless' trolleybus experiment in New Jersey that ran from 1935 to 1948, which normally used traction current delivered by wire. The trolleybus was fitted with an internal combustion engine (ICE) to directly power the mechanical drivetrain, not to generate electricity for the traction motor.
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In early 1951 Joseph Bell (JB) Ferguson approached Panhard with a proposal to build a small sports car for the American market. Ferguson, the brother of Harry Ferguson, had emigrated to the US and in 1951 was running New York based Fergus Motors importing and reselling of a variety of European cars including Panhards. Panhard undertook the project with Ferguson's financial support. To reduce design costs and speed development the Dyna Junior was built with the chassis and front-wheel drive power-train from the Dyna X. Panhard hired the carrosserie Di Rosa and their chief designer Albert Lemaitre to design the body and build a prototype.
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B-80 was laid down on 1 February 1956 at the 402 shipyard in Molotovsk, on Russia’s White Sea coast. One of 26 of a new generation of large ocean-going submarines for the Soviet navy. The project 611 boats were of double-hull construction, with a diesel-electric power train giving a surface speed of 18 knots, while streamlining allowed an underwater speed of 16 knots, an improvement on the performance of the submarines of the Second World War, and comparable to the US navy’s submarines of the GUPPY programme. B-80 was armed with six bow and four stern torpedo tubes, and carried twenty-two 533mm (21 inch) torpedoes.
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Starting with the 1967 models, American Motors offered the industry's most comprehensive warranty up to that time: two-years or on the entire automobile, and five-years or on the engine and power train. American Motors continued its industry exclusive ceramic- coated exhaust system as standard. To further emphasize the durability and prove the reliability of the new Rebels, an absolute record of 30 hours flat was set in the long-distance Baja run down Mexico's Baja California Peninsula in 1967. A hole in the transmission pan slowed them down, but the endurance racers were able to get the car to a town to get a new one.
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That same year it was also displayed at the Québec Pavilion at the Worlds Fair in Osaka Japan. Following the car's debut About was able to secure financial backing from the Bombardier International Capital Corporation, the Steinberg family, the Caisse de Dépôt, the Industrial Credit Bureau of Québec and the Canadian government. Initial capitalization reached more than $1,500,000. About contracted with Renault to use the chassis and power-train from the Renault 8 and 10 sedans as the basis for the production Manic, whose full model name was the Manic GT PAI. The production engine was still a Cléon-Fonte but was now the "810" version, making this essentially a Renault 10 platform.
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Launched in 2004 the Sumo Victa is a facelift version of previous Tata Sumo Spacio. With all new interiors, the vehicle featured a tachometer, multifunctional instrument panel, power steering, power windows on all four doors, key-less entry and hosts of other comfort features. Sumo Victa Turbo DI In later part of the 2007, Tata Motors launched the upgraded version called Sumo Victa Turbo DI, the power-train was carried over from the Spacio the body styling and interiors were carried from Sumo Victa viz the positioning of the spare wheel was changed from the rear tailgate to the underbody of the vehicle. This model comes in 7 and 9 seater variants.
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In addition to further changes of detail, the BMW engineers enlarged the sump for installation in the car and cooled the engine by means of a radial fan and shrouded ducting. The power train from the four-speed gearbox to the two rear wheels was also unusual: fixed to the gearbox output drive was something called a Hardy disc, which was a cardan joint made of rubber. On the other side of it was a cardan shaft, and finally a second Hardy disc, which in turn was located at the entrance to a chain case. A duplex chain running in an oil bath led finally to a rigid shaft, at each end of which were the two rear wheels.
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Two variants were initially envisioned: a 40-seat, short-range civil transport and a flying crane with a 15,000 lb capacity. In March 1956, Westland decided to build the first prototype as a flying test rig with a tubular steel space frame in place of the main fuselage; cockpit power-train and undercarriage attached to this. With economy a priority, off-the-shelf components were used as far as possible, with donors such as the Westland Whirlwind helicopter and the Bristol Freighter aeroplane. This prototype was completed in February 1958; after the usual static and systems testing, engine runs and nearly 20 hours of "tied-down" engine testing, the first flight took place on 15 June.
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The choice of the hood-style body made inspection and maintenance access to the engine and many of the other power-train components much easier compared to "streamline" units like the B and S classes, which could be inspected from within the body but required almost-complete disassembly to remove or exchange larger parts. After assembly and initial testing each unit ran at least one trial trip on the Main North line to Broadmeadow, near Newcastle, before being marshalled into freight trains for delivery to and hand-over at Albury."The Victorian Railways X class" Motive Power issue 95 September 2014 pages 29-43 All six units entered service by the end of 1966.
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In order to control the public utterances of some of the main critics, consultancies were awarded by TSG which allowed a degree of commercial confidentiality to be imposed. Major differences from the older designs included a vertical hull side to increase internal volume, a full-length bottom plate to increase strength and to provide blast and ballistic protection for the engine, full US- specification engine, cooling, power-train etc., sufficient payload to provide ballistic-protection upgrades and so on. Ergonomics were based upon first- world standards as were protection levels and automotive specifications (earlier South Africa designs paid scant regard for these, applying their own local standards which caused some problems when operated by NATO countries).
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In 2013, Healy spent the pre-season doing a complete re-build of his RSX- including a new power train and revamped support systems. He completed 6 of 7 race weekends and reached the podium on five of the weekends, resulting in an overall 4th in the CTCC Super Touring championship. 2013 was his most successful season in touring car racing. In 2014, Alex Healy tested a car for the Porche Cup series and competed in the Canadian National Karting Championships in Mont Tremblant, QC. Starting 5th on the grid of the Briggs & Stratton senior class final, he had to settle for a 14th-place finish after being hit from behind early in the race.
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The Q-Net is an armor system that stands off from the vehicle's hull and "catches" the RPG before it hits the outside of the vehicle itself, using metal nodes connecting the net to disrupt the fusing of the warhead. The Q-Net is similar to other add-on systems like slat armor cages, but with additional benefits of being cheaper and 50-60% lighter than slat, allowing it to be integrated on light vehicles that cannot support slat such as Humvees. Because it is lighter, it reduces power train stress and fuel consumption, while giving equal or greater protection than bar armor. It is fully modular with a hook-and-loop installation method, allowing the system to be configured to different platforms.
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The chief vehicle engineer had overall charge of the program. Fifty engineers, dedicated to the design of the entire car, were divided into groups: body, power train, chassis design, product assurance, and pleasability. The latter would check continuously on the vehicles on the assembly line, with computers in another program monitoring quality control of every vehicle built. Fisher Body engineers and draftsmen moved in with the Vega personnel. In October 1968, there was one body style (the "11" style notchback sedan), one engine, one transmission (MB1 Torque-Drive manually shifted two-speed automatic), one base trim level, a bench seat, molded rubber floor covering, no glove box or headliner and no air-conditioning (ventilation was through the upper dash from the wiper plenum).
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Mitsubishi Motor Company (MMC) formed the MiEV Evolution project in the run up to the 2012 race season. There were 2 stated aims; to promote the consumer i-MiEV electric car (which began to sell in North American markets in late 2011), and to participate in the PPIHC as a competitive event which has a long-standing tradition of experimental motor sports and is therefore a potentially suitable venue to test and improve the technologies of electric motor sports vehicles. Being a high altitude event (with the finish line around 14,000 feet), with diminishing oxygen levels in the upper stages which affects the efficiency of internal combustion engines, the Pikes Peak race venue is particularly favourable for electric power-train vehicles.
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The Seiko Spacewalk is a limited edition Spring Drive model, designed specifically for use in space The Spring Drive is a watch movement conceived in 1977 by Yoshikazu Akahane (赤羽 好和) at Suwa Seikosha (now a part of Seiko Epson after a 1985 merger). Specified to one second accuracy per day, the movement uses a conventional power train as in traditional mechanical watches, but rather than an escapement and balance wheel, instead features Seiko's Tri- synchro Regulator system in which power delivery to the watch hands is regulated based on a reference quartz signal. Commercially released in 1999, the movement is found in watches distributed by the Seiko Watch Corporation, including its Credor, Grand Seiko, and Prospex brands.
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Oshkosh Corporation is offering Humvee upgrades to the Marine Corps in addition to its JLTV offering, which are modular and scalable to provide varying levels of capabilities at a range of prices that can be provided individually or as complete packages. Their approach is centered around the TAK-4 independent suspension system, which delivers greater off-road profile capability, improved ride quality, an increase in maximum speed, greater whole-vehicle durability, and restored payload capacity and ground clearance.Oshkosh Defense Answers USMCs' Light Vehicle Needs – ASDnews.com, 2013-09-24 Northrop Grumman developed a new chassis and power train for the Humvee that would combine the mobility and payload capabilities of original vehicle variants while maintaining the protection levels of up-armored versions.
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The Oruktor Amphibolos is thus believed to have been the first automobile in the United States, and the first motorized amphibious craft in the world. However, very few contemporary accounts of the craft survive, and Evans's tendency to exaggerate its success in his own annals make verification of its performance difficult. Although Evans himself claimed it proceeded successfully around Philadelphia (and circled his erstwhile rival Benjamin Latrobe's Philadelphia waterworks) before launching into the river and paddling at speed to Philadelphia harbor; the great weight of the craft make land-propulsion based on its limited engine capacity and jury-rigged power train fairly improbable over any significant distance. It is similarly unknown how well, if at all, the Oruktor functioned as a steamboat, and Evans's claims on this point vary significantly over the years.
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As the ECM monitors the varying current, a special circuit (also inside the PCM or Power-train Control Module) converts the current into a voltage value and passes it on to the serial data stream as an OBD-II PID (not to be confused with a PID controller). This is why the best way to test an AFR sensor's signal is by monitoring the voltage conversion circuitry, which the ECM sends out as an AFR-voltage PID. It is possible to monitor the actual AFR sensor varying current, but the changes are very small (in the low milliamp range) and difficult to monitor. A second drawback to a manual AFR current test is that the signal wire has to be cut or broken to connect the ammeter in series with the pump circuit.
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The starboard power train was knocked out, causing the rear half of the ship to lose power, while communications were severed shipwide. moving alongside the damaged and listing Ark Royal to take off survivors Immediately after the torpedo strike, Captain Maund ordered the engines to full stop, but discovered that communications were down and had to send a runner to the engine room. The ship's continued motion enlarged the hole in the hull, and by the time Ark Royal stopped she had taken on a great deal of water and begun to list to starboard, reaching 18° from centre within 20 minutes. Considering the list of the carrier, and the fact that other carriers, including Courageous and Glorious, had sunk rapidly with heavy loss of life, Maund gave the order to abandon ship.
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1993 Dodge Dynasty A 2.5-litre inline-4 Chrysler engine (base model only), a Mitsubishi-sourced 3.0-litre V6, the 6G72 engine, and a Chrysler-built 3.3-litre V6 were available, although the 3.3 L V6 was not available until 1990. The four- cylinder came equipped with a TorqueFlite three-speed automatic transmission (the A413), as did the 3.0 L in 1988. The 1988 3.0L V6 models with TorqueFlite transmission were rated at 18 city / 24 highway MPG. The 1989-1990 Ultradrive equipped models came with a 2.36:1 axle ratio, which was revised to 2.52:1 for 1991-1993. EPA mileage ratings were 21 city/25 highway MPG with the 4 cylinder & 3-speed TorqueFlite transmission. In 1989 the EPA rating for the 3.0/Ultradrive power-train changed to 18 city / 26 highway MPG.
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Post liberalization in 1991, Suresh Krishna has transformed the company into a multi-location, multi-product technology leader, propelling fast growth through acquisitions in India and abroad and setting up the first ever manufacturing plant in China by an Indian engineering company. Currently SFL has 27 factories including one each in China and the United Kingdom. SFL manufactures a variety of automotive products such as high tensile fasteners, cold extruded parts, sintered metal parts, power train components, radiator caps, wind energy components, hot forged parts, foundry parts, water pumps and oil pumps. A firm believer in communication, Suresh Krishna ensures that the employees are kept informed, at least three times in a year, every year, of the business environment and the company's performance vis-a-vis its goals.
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Hesketh works rider demonstrating the pre-production Hesketh 24 at Goodwood Festival of Speed 2014 Designed and developed by Paul Sleeman, Hesketh Motorcycles owner and Chief Engineer, this proposed new machine – named after the number on James Hunt's 1975 F1 car – will be a limited edition with only 24 built and on sale internationally. The heart of this new model is the American S&S; "X-wedge" engine, a high torque 1,917 cc (117 cu in) air- cooled V-twin with a proven power-train, chosen for reliability and reputation. The X-wedge is also the engine used for the recent Morgan three- wheelers. British tuners Harris Performance Engines will modify the engine to suit the Hesketh 24 buyers' preferences, offering stage engine tuning to produce at least three different power options.
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The 1994 through 1996 models of the Jetta had some electrical issues causing the car not to start and shorting to occur in some of the electrical devices due to a non existent plastic V underneath the windshield, which was added in later models to divert rain water flowing to the electrical box. The catastrophe of this glitch can be avoided by removing leaves and debris that have accumulated below the windshield and by installing adhesive weather sealant linings underneath the plastic cover directly onto the windshield. Another major complaint was that the North American TDI model was not rated to tow a trailer, which, according to the owner's manual, is "for technical reasons." Contrary to the American market, The European TDI model, which has an identical power train and chassis, was rated to tow a trailer according to the owner's manual.
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The car that appeared at the 1957 Frankfurt Motor Show was a prototype which in the event differed significantly from the car that entered production the next year, in that it used front wheel drive. In most other respects, notably regarding the two cylinder boxer engine and the overall shape of the car, only minor stylistic changes differentiated the cars that went into production in 1958 from the 1957 prototypes. The front wheel drive prototype was unstable, however, because of the way the engine was set far ahead of the front axle, and high above the front-wheel drive power train, in what was a relatively light weight car. Setting the engine further back in relation to the front wheels would have involved a level of re-engineering for which neither time nor money were available.
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Amsaw Segmental stabilizer Since carbide saw blades are circular, they are radially the stiffest elements of the power train in the direction of the feed, but very unstable perpendicular to the feed direction. Due to the thin blade body the blades must be stabilized to minimize the side vibration amplitudes. When the first experiments with carbide saws were made, a development engineer of Advanced Machine & Engineering in Rockford stabilized the blade by using a broomstick which he pushed against the vibrating blade, minimizing the vibrations. From this experience a blade stabilizer was developed using two plastic coated ball bearings mounted on eccentric shafts and supported by a welded bracket to the gearbox. Horst Doepcke, who saw this method during experiments carried out by Metalcut, also describes them in his dissertation “Sägen von Rohren mit hartmetallbestückten Kreissägeblättern”.
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It may also be noted that production of the TR7 Sprints began almost immediately after the homologation of the 5-speed TR7 for group 3 (in January 1977), when the specification of the 16-valve cars needed to re-homologate the head would have become clear, and that production basically stopped soon after 50 cars had been produced around the end of June 1977 (only 3 cars produced after that, probably all for specific purposes). It may also be noted that in mid November 1977 (9th to 23rd), just after the homologation pictures had been taken, the 30 SJW cars, supposed to have gone to the press garage, were transferred out of the keeping Sales and Marketing Longbridge, into that of the Power Train Division, which is identified in the process of the disposal of similar cars.
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Diesel–electric railroad locomotion entered mainline service when the Burlington Railroad and Union Pacific used custom-built diesel "streamliners" to haul passengers, starting in late 1934."Diesel Streamliners Now Link Coast- to-Coast" Popular Mechanics, August 1937 Burlington's Zephyr trainsets evolved from articulated three-car sets with 600 hp power cars in 1934 and early 1935, to the Denver Zephyr semi-articulated ten car trainsets pulled by cab-booster power sets introduced in late 1936. Union Pacific started diesel streamliner service between Chicago and Portland Oregon in June 1935, and in the following year would add Los Angeles and Oakland California, and Denver Colorado to the destinations of diesel streamliners out of Chicago. The Burlington and Union Pacific streamliners were built by the Budd Company and the Pullman-Standard Company, respectively, using the new Winton engines and power train systems designed by GM's Electro-Motive Corporation.
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The bogie and running gear design had been closely supervised by NZR Chief Mechanical Engineer R.F. (Bob) Black,NZR CME Black to NZR GM 8-3-1957 and while there was significant sway at speed, it was nowhere as bad as the movement of the older Vulcan and Standard railcars cornering at speed. Unfortunately, the design of the power train could not be supervised.R.F. Black Following their introduction, the railcars suffered overheating from ballast dust and engine failure which led to railcars running 20 to 30 minutes late every two to three days and frequent internal and external fires on surrounding farmland and foliage, due to excessive carbon in the exhaust emissions, notably on the steep West Coast railway lines and the steep Scargill and Dashwood banks on the Picton line.Acting DME Christchurch to CME 11/2/1957 The crankcases were not strong enough to absorb the power of the two 210 hp Fiat engines that drove the railcars.
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This marked a significant departure from Soviet and Western IFV doctrine, which had rejected wheeled IFVs for their inferior cross-country capability and weight- carrying capacity, as well as the vulnerable nature of their tyres to small arms fire and artillery fragments. However, improvements in power train, suspension, and run-flat tyre technology during the late 1960s helped make the concept of wheeled IFVs more viable. The SADF initially had no other requirements other than a chassis and hull combination capable of supporting a two-man turret. Springfield-Büssing proposed a six-wheeled IFV built on a modified MAN truck chassis; the first prototype appeared as the Springfield- Büssing Buffel in March 1972. After the SADF had evaluated and rejected a number of other designs, including the Thyssen Henschel UR-416, Berliet VXB-170, Panhard M3, and the EE-11 Urutu, the Springfield-Büssing prototype was accepted for service as the Ratel.
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1985 Firebird Trans Am: Pontiac would use this 15-inch "High Tech" aluminum wheel pattern until 1992. 1985's benchmark makeover: restyled nose with integrated fog lights, functional hood "nostrils" and rear edge vents to vent unwanted engine heat out of the engine bay All Firebird models underwent redevelopment to boost sales as a number of power train improvements were introduced. The Firebird received a restyled nose with Black wrap-around inserts known as "bumperettes" to replace the grille inserts; wrap-around "bumperettes" were also added to the rear bumper. The tail lights remained unchanged from the previous "louvered" style design. The carbureted V6 was replaced with a new, multi-port fuel-injected 2.8L V6 making 135 hp. The interior evolved with a new dash design containing redesigned gauges that used a graph-patterned background, a slightly refined dashpad, new T-handle shifter for automatics; a padded and more ergonomic center console design, updated stereo and HVAC faceplates, and an optional version of the previous year's more ergonomic 15th Anniversary's steering wheel.
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The technical specifications of the plant in the original submission of the environmental review report (a less rigorous form of a full environmental assessment) to the Ministry of the Environment in November 2003 have been significantly altered. This was due to the government instructing Ontario Power Generation to stop participating in projects which use more environmentally acceptable generations systems, such as co-generation.Memorandum of Agreement between the Crown and Ontario Power Generation, August 17, 2005 Originally, the plant was described as two identical 275 MW power train systems, each comprising a 175 MW GE 7FA gas turbine generator, and other equipment. This proposed configuration was capable of producing over 272,000 kilograms per hour of steam for district heating. This design would, according to a PEC newsletter, allow for the efficiency of the plant to be “about 55% compared to 35% for a typical fossil power plant” There were also plans to include “Canada’s largest solar array” capable of producing “hundreds of kilowatts” though no actual specification seems to have ever been given.
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Miles was later disqualified on a technical infraction because his fenders were too wide, thus allowing Yedor and Dean to get 'bumped up' to first and second. During 1956, Miles raced John von Neumann's Porsche 550 Spyder at most of the Cal Club and SCCA events. For the 1957 season (in co-operation with Otto Zipper), Miles engineered the installation of a Porsche 550S engine and transmission in a 1956 Cooper chassis and body. It was the second successful race car to be known on the West Coast as "the Pooper", the first being an early 1950s Cooper chassis and body powered by a Porsche 356 power train that was built and campaigned by Pete Lovely of Tacoma, Washington. The resulting car dominated the F Modified class of SCCA on the west coast in the 1957 and 1958 seasons with Miles driving. Due to his great skill and talent, both as a driver and mechanical engineer, Miles was a key member of the Shelby/Cobra race team in the early 1960s. Miles described himself this way:Baime, A.J. Go Like Hell: Ford, Ferrari, and Their Battle for Speed and Glory at Le Mans, p. 214 (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010).
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