That net positive balance of opinion of 9 percentage points represented a sharp decrease from the survey's positive balance of 56 points one year earlier.
|
|
We actually do have a positive balance of payments with Canada.
|
|
In 2015, Britain had a £3.4bn ($5.2bn) positive balance of payments on legal services.
|
|
But you can see who has a positive balance and who has a negative balance.
|
|
The financial account, including derivatives, reported a positive balance of 63 billion francs for the year.
|
|
The 20173 percent negative-to-positive balance is above the long-term average of 71 percent.
|
|
In doing so we can add a positive balance of perspective to our nation's history and character.
|
|
While the army still maintains a marginal positive balance of recruitment over losses, the police seem in trouble.
|
|
A positive balance means there was an increase in the net international investment position resulting from cross-border investment.
|
|
The C$807 million trade surplus reported on Tuesday slightly exceeded analysts' forecasts of a C$700 million positive balance.
|
|
That net positive balance of 24 points was well ahead of Anaya, whose positives outweighed his negatives by 11 points.
|
|
It compared with expectations for a $4 billion surplus that would have been the first positive balance since the first three months of 2007.
|
|
Sales volumes on the whole were expected to accelerate over the next year but that positive balance of opinion was unchanged from the previous two surveys.
|
|
The United States clearly runs a trade deficit only partially offset by the positive balance of services U.S. firms sell to the rest of the world.
|
|
The AIA said it is the fifth consecutive year of record gains and generated a trade positive balance of $1.63 billion, the largest surplus of any U.S. industry.
|
|
It is essentially a group accounting feature that lets you keep track of who paid for what, who has a positive balance and who has a negative balance.
|
|
However, that positive balance of trade is jeopardized by America's slipping share of the global travel market, which dropped from 220006 percent in 2202 to its current 2628 percent.
|
|
Lonmin was hit hard by the drop in platinum prices and has had to cut spending in order to retain a positive balance sheet, a condition of Sibanye's proposed offer.
|
|
U.S. manufacturers reported only a small increase in activity in June, with the net positive balance the lowest for almost three years, according to the Institute for Supply Management (tmsnrt.rs/212FRkIhj).
|
|
Both New Yorkers with a background in finance, Hamilton and Trump would agree that the United States should have a strong national government, a positive balance of trade, and a tight immigration policy.
|
|
BAKU, June 22 (Reuters) - Azerbaijan's central bank said on Thursday it had decided to leave key refinancing rate unchanged at 15 percent, citing stronger economic activity and the country's positive balance of payments.
|
|
Yet including acquisitions of shares in IPOs and follow-on offerings, many in companies with prospects for strong growth and efficiency gains, foreign investment flows actually showed a positive balance of 4.4 billion reais.
|
|
The London-listed company, crippled by soaring costs and subdued platinum prices, has been cutting spending to conserve cash and retain a positive balance sheet required by conditions of South Africa-based Sibanye's offer.
|
|
With gasoline taxes lagging, the federal Highway Trust Fund has needed an infusion of about $143 billion since 2008 to maintain a positive balance, according to a U.S. Congressional Budget Office report in February.
|
|
London-listed Lonmin was hit hard by the drop in platinum group prices, and has had to work to cut spending in order to retain a positive balance sheet, required by conditions of Sibanye's proposed offer.
|
|
He said that while Macy's "has been trading like the company's going out of business," he believes that the company's free cash flow, fairly positive balance sheet and its dividend are strong fundamental cases for owning the stock.
|
|
Fifteen percent of managers now expect to raise their Turkish equity allocations in the next three months and none to reduce them — not a very bullish balance compared with other markets, but Turkey's most positive balance since December 2014.
|
|
It is well known that China regularly manipulates its currency for the benefit of its exports, which, at least in part, explains why China has such a positive balance of payments (shown as a negative for the U.S. above).
|
|
A Reuters poll of leading Middle East fund managers, published on Sunday, found 54 percent expect to raise their allocations to regional equities over the next three months and none expects to reduce them, the most positive balance since August.
|
|
It's time to end the hatred and demonization of men in the media and the bias against men in family law and return to a harmonious and positive balance between men and women that benefits society and nuclear and extended families.
|
|
Water authorities state that most of the country now has a "positive balance" in reservoirs with of water added to reservoirs.
|
|
The 2017 data from the World Bank indicated that Malaysia had a positive balance of trade with Indonesia of around 600 million US dollars.
|
|
See biographical note in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 31 (International Publishers: New York, 1989) p. 603. The mercantilists were believers in nations keeping a positive balance of trade at all times in order to prosper, economically. However, they also valued the maximization of the national domestic resources of that nation and a total ban on the export of gold and silver. In pursuit of the positive balance of trade they recommended expansion of the colonial system, exclusivity of trade with the colonies and forbidding trade carried in foreign ships.
|
|
The government wanted a positive balance of payments, to lower the amount of food imported into Britain from dollar countries and to promote the maximum agricultural productivity.Kenneth O. Morgan, Labour in Power. 1945-1951 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), p. 304.
|
|
The EPA allows for the presence of imazalil residue within certain tolerances in or on specific food commodities. In 2011, U.S. imports of Argentine farm products topped $1.64 billion, while U.S. agricultural exports to Argentina totaled $154 million. The United States is running a trade surplus or a positive balance of trade.
|
|
Climate change may cause variations in both temperature and snowfall, resulting in changes in mass balance. A glacier with a sustained negative balance loses equilibrium and retreats. A sustained positive balance is also out of equilibrium and will advance to reestablish equilibrium. Currently, nearly all glaciers have a negative mass balance and are retreating.
|
|
Pfäffikon has very sensible government spending and has managed to always maintain a positive balance sheet. The large increase of tax payers and the amount of taxes paid by mainly the financial industry made it possible to lower taxes to the residents and businesses of Pfäffikon for 5 years in a row, resulting in the lowest tax rates of Switzerland.
|
|
After years of negative balances, Paraguay achieved a positive balance of payments totaling US$234 million in 2003. In 2004, however, the current account had an estimated deficit of US$35.1 million. Paraguay has a sustainable debt level according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). External debt totaled about US$3.4 billion in 2004, low compared to most Latin American countries.
|
|
The ban on export of precious metals was introduced. It became more common to search for the precious metals such as silver within the country. The monetary system was further strengthened by the increase in export, and a positive balance in the internal trade. In the first ten years of the 18th century, there was a geographical change in trade centers.
|
|
Through mercantilist principles, Mun created a proposed set of "means to enrich a kingdom" which centred on ensuring that exports exceeded imports. In other words, Mun advocated for achieving a positive balance of trade which would cause England's wealth to steadily increase. Thomas Mun is also widely considered to be a sophisticated thinker and has become a hugely important part of the history of economic theory.
|
|
Concurrent with more recent manufacturing sector growth and recovery, since the fourth quarter of 2009, YRC has again been approaching a net positive balance sheet. Financial summaries of YRC books, 2008 - 2009 Nonetheless its share price declined in year 2010 more than 80%, raising in 2011 suspicions of Death spiral financing. In September 2011 the company completed a financial restructuring that has essentially wiped out any shareholder equity.
|
|
Eliseo Prado assumed the interim leadership until Adolfo Pedernera took over the team. Pedernera lasted in charge until three dates before the end of the tournament and the post was occupied by an interim Infante. The scorer of the team was Alfredo "Tanque" Rojas with 17 goals, followed by Bayo Diego with 10 goals. Gimnasia managed to score 47 goals, and received 28 goals, leaving a positive balance of 19 goals.
|
|
Hume argued that when a country with a gold standard had a positive balance of trade, gold would flow into the country in the amount that the value of exports exceeds the value of imports. Conversely, when such a country had a negative balance of trade, gold would flow out of the country in the amount that the value of imports exceeds the value of exports. Consequently, in the absence of any offsetting actions by the central bank on the quantity of money in circulation (called sterilization), the money supply would rise in a country with a positive balance of trade and fall in a country with a negative balance of trade. Using a theory called the quantity theory of money, Hume argued that countries with an increasing money supply would see inflation as the prices of goods and services rose while countries with a decreasing money supply would experience deflation as the prices of goods and services fell.
|
|
As a member of the Council, she was part of the Committee of developing countries and member of the Task Force “Strategy; From Mission to action”. During her period as President-Elect (2004–2005), Michèle centred her efforts with the review of the FDI governance and finances. Consequently, the new governance was adopted and the constitution adapted. Under her Presidency, the FDI made had a positive balance sheet for the first time in ten years.
|
|
Although often regarded as part of the Scottish Enlightenment which produced David Hume and Adam Smith, Steuart's economics hark back to the earlier Mercantilist era.M. Beer "Early British Economics: from the XIIth to the middle of the XVIIIth century". Frank Cass, London 1967 Mercantilism was the school of thought that held that a positive balance of trade was of primary importance for any nation and required a ban on the export of gold and silver.
|
|
Some laws, including those of most states in the United States require that dividends be only paid out of the positive balance of the retained earnings account at the time that payment is to be made. This protects creditors from a company being liquidated through dividends. A few states, however, allow payment of dividends to continue to increase a corporation’s accumulated deficit. This is known as a liquidating dividend or liquidating cash dividend.
|
|
The 2017 European Championship took place in the Netherlands. Germany met in qualifying Croatia, Russia, Turkey and Hungary , The games took place between 14 September 2015 and 20 September 2016. Against all Germany has a positive balance and only one game (1985 against Hungary) lost. Germany started their qualifying campaign with a 12–0 draw against Hungary, with Tabea Kemme and Pauline Bremer scoring their first international goals and the latter three goals top scorer.
|
|
The 2018–19 season was Guadalajara's third competitive season and third season in the Liga MX Femenil, the top flight of Mexican women's football. The season started under a new manager, Ramón Villa Zevallos, who won the Clausura 2019 tournament with Tigres UANL. Guadalajara finished fifth on the Apertura tournament, qualifying for the playoffs; but were eliminated right away on quarterfinals by rivals América. Guadalajara started the new tournament with a positive balance.
|
|
The sites offer Russian and English user interfaces. All functions, except for the buying of songs and full length song previews, are available to unregistered users (and full length preview of songs is restricted to individuals who have spent a total of $50 or more on the website). Registration is free. The store maintains an account balance for each user; while a user's account has a positive balance, he or she can continue downloading music.
|
|
The exchange rate does not put pressure on the industrial sector or inflation (at 4% a year), and does away with the possibility of a liquidity crisis. As a result, the country, after 12 years, has achieved a positive balance in the accounts which measure exports/imports, plus interest payments, services and overseas payment. Thus, respected economists say that the country won't be deeply affected by the current world economic crisis.Control and reform Brazilian Government.
|
|
In 2005, the total amount of the trade between the two economies was $2,188,944,473. Russia has a representative office in Taipei, and ROC has a representative office in Moscow. Russia keeps a positive balance in its trade relations with Taiwan mainly from crude oil, cast iron and steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemical products, ferroalloys, coking coal, timber, and chemical fertilizers. Russia imports mostly electronics and electronic parts, computers and computer parts, and home appliances.
|
|
As the state's banker, the Bundesbank provides accounts and performs normal banking services for federal, state (Land) and local authorities, as well as for the statutory social security organizations. All such accounts are required to have a positive balance, i.e. the Bundesbank is not allowed to grant credits to the public sector. This is due to negative historical precedents in connection with the financing of two world wars by the Deutsche Reichsbank.
|
|
Work enjoyment and inner pressure were tested with performance ratings. The former was positively related to performance ratings while the latter interfered with the performance-enhancing aspects of work enjoyment. Burke & Fiksenbaum refer to Virick and Baruch (2007) when explaining how these two workaholism components affect life satisfaction. Not surprisingly, inner pressure lowered the balance between work-life and life satisfaction but enhanced people's performance at their occupation, whereas work enjoyment led to a positive balance between the two.
|
|
In 1996 enterprises and organizations of the oblast executed foreign trade operations with partners from 73 countries of the world. The total foreign trade volume for this period made $397,500,000, including export ($280,900,000) and import ($116,600,000), which resulted in positive balance ($164,300,000). The oblast's foreign trade with CIS and Baltic countries in this time reached 58.2% of the total foreign trade turnover. The largest export deliveries are to the Russian Federation (42.6%), Belarus (5.4%), Belgium (7.2%) and Germany (7.45%).
|
|
On the domestic level, the financial and military retributions imposed by Joseph I created many revolts and she lost a son. Consequently, Theresa spent ten years in exile in Venice, not returning until 1715 when the War of the Spanish Succession ended and Max Emanuel regained his electorate on September 7, 1714 by the Treaty of Baden. Despite a short reign of 7 months, Theresa left a positive balance where in particular the role of the nobility was improved.
|
|
Hume famously noted the impossibility of the mercantilists' goal of a constant positive balance of trade. As bullion flowed into one country, the supply would increase, and the value of bullion in that state would steadily decline relative to other goods. Conversely, in the state exporting bullion, its value would slowly rise. Eventually, it would no longer be cost-effective to export goods from the high-price country to the low-price country, and the balance of trade would reverse.
|
|
From 1980–2012 the mean cumulative mass loss of glaciers reporting mass balance to the World Glacier Monitoring Service is −16 m. This includes 23 consecutive years of negative mass balances. Chart of annual and cumulative glacier mass balance from World Glacier Monitoring Service Data A glacier with a sustained negative balance is out of equilibrium and will retreat, while one with a sustained positive balance is out of equilibrium and will advance. Glacier retreat results in the loss of the low elevation region of the glacier.
|
|
Two way trade continue to grow steadily, reaching Euro 5.287 billion in 2011. During first seven months of 2012,Indian exports increased by 9.6% while total bilateral trade increased 9.45%. Netherlands remains among the top 10 partners of India in terms of trade volume with positive balance of trade in favour of India. It is also one of the largest investors in terms of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into India with Indian investments into Netherlands during the period 1996-2010 amounted to $11.46 billion.
|
|
As can be seen from the data, Russia keeps a positive balance in its trade relations with Taiwan thanks to crude oil, cast iron and steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemical products, ferro-alloys, coking coal, timber, and chemical fertilizers. Russia imports mostly electronics and electronic parts, computers and computer parts, and home appliances. The negative trade balance ($1.68 billion in 2005) issue is taken seriously in Taiwan. However, the prevalence of natural resources in Russian exports and industrial products in Taiwan are considered in Taiwan to be logical at the present stage of relations.
|
|
A weakening of the city would also mean a weakening of the patrician bourgeoisie, that was reliant on stable political conditions and a healthy city economy for their long-distance trade. The Jews especially had an important role to play in this: people depended on their credit for large-scale investments, their supra-regional role as bankers ensured a positive balance of trade for Strasbourg, and they filled the city coffers through the taxes they paid. There were reasons enough, therefore, to remain attached to the policy of protecting the Jews.
|
|
Fiscal pedaling (a calque from , or simply ) is a governmental creative accounting technique involving the use of state-owned banks to front funds required for paying general government obligations without officially declaring a loan, thus hiding these transfers from public scrutiny and delaying repayment from the Treasury to these banks. As such it is a kind of "overdraft" implying a positive balance sheet that does not really exist. Sometimes the term fiscal backpedaling is used. The term gained popularity with the Brazilian Presidential election of 2014, in which President Rousseff was reelected.
|
|
First, by extending the welfare survey to Eastern Germany, a data basis for social scientific transformation research could be created. In the course of the last two decades the separate analysis and opposing of East and West became increasingly irrelevant, although. Zapf‘s theoretical background remained modernization theory and he is counted for as the most prominent representative of modernization research in German sociology. The nucleus of modernization finds Zapf „in the increase of the adaptive and steering capacities of a whole society, i.e. as a positive balance of rising resources and rising burdens“.
|
|
The aggregate loan balance is projected to increase from $40.2 billion at the end of FY 2010 to a peak end-of-year balance of $68.3 billion in FY 2013. Due to the high volume of state loans and increased EB payments, FUA and EUCA are projected to borrow $26.7 billion from the general fund in FY 2011 and an additional $19.4 billion in FY 2012, with neither account projected to return to a net positive balance before 2016. The general fund advances must be repaid with interest.
|
|
As Mobike has no offline services, the Mobike app only accepts online transactions through AliPay, WeChat Pay, or credit card. The user needs to have a positive balance in their account when starting the rental, but it is allowed to go negative during a trip. The company previously required deposit in order to use the service in China, however the company ended the practice in July 2018. Users are free to withdraw their deposit from the service at any time as long as they do not have a negative account balance.
|
|
Culwell used a large and complex pictorial vocabulary in his work, drawing on universal symbols like faces, roots, and stars to suggest cosmic balance. Culwell's interest in balance and synthesis emerged as early as his war paintings, as he noted in his artist's statement for Fourteen Americans: > These war paintings were executed almost in entirety aboard ship during > 1944. Previous quick sketches done in direct but unstable reaction were > finished at that time. By that, the third consecutive year of combat duty, I > had reached the positive balance requisite to creative statement.
|
|
If Britain imported more than it exported to nations such as South Africa, South African recipients of pounds sterling tended to put them into London banks. This meant that though Britain was running a trade deficit, it had a financial account surplus, and payments balanced. Increasingly, Britain's positive balance of payments required keeping the wealth of Empire nations in British banks. One incentive for, say, South African holders of rand to park their wealth in London and to keep the money in Sterling, was a strongly valued pound sterling.
|
|
The price–specie flow mechanism is a model developed by Scottish economist David Hume (1711–1776) to illustrate how trade imbalances can self-correct and adjust under the gold standard. Hume expounded his argument in Of the Balance of Trade, which he wrote to counter the Mercantilist idea that a nation should strive for a positive balance of trade (i.e., greater exports than imports). In short, the "increase in domestic prices due to the gold inflow would discourage exports and encourage imports, thus automatically limiting the amount by which exports would exceed imports".
|
|
Since then, PSG have had to drastically reduce their spending on transfers due to budget constraints imposed by UEFA's Financial Fair Play (FFP). In the summer of 2019, the Red and Blues racked up a total of €110m in sales and only spent €95m in signings. This was the first time since QSI became club owners that PSG recorded a profit in the transfer market, boasting a €15m positive balance between income and expenditures. The global economic crisis that followed the COVID-19 pandemic has also made it difficult for PSG to reinforce their squad ahead of the 2020–21 campaign.
|
|
Nonetheless, such creative plans will be necessary in the near future as the United States struggles to maintain a positive balance between society and the finite natural resources of the nation. Ultimately, through dedicated research, eco-friendly practices of land management, and efforts to educate the public regarding the necessity of conservation, those individuals dedicated to American conservation seek to preserve the nation's natural resources. Twenty-First Century Resource Protection The increased consumption of many natural resources has sparked the need for protection. Many of these resources were barely touched less than half a century ago but have been drained in several situations.
|
|
All accounts on the M6 Toll are pre-paid, and must contain a positive balance, sufficient to cover the cost of the vehicle's toll, in order for the vehicle to be allowed through the toll gate. If the balance is sufficient, the tag will beep once and the barrier at the toll gate will automatically raise. If the balance is low (fewer than three journeys remaining), the tag will beep twice. If the balance of the account cannot cover the cost of the toll, the barrier will remain closed and an alternative method of payment must be used.
|
|
Indeed, during the seven years of his presidency, real GDP grew on average 6.7% a year, average income increased 11% annually in real terms, and a consistently positive balance of the federal budget enabled the government to cut 70% of the external debt (according to the Institute for Complex Strategic Studies). Thus, many credit him with the recovery, but his ability to withstand a sudden economic downturn has been untested. Putin won the Russian presidential election in 2004 without any significant competition. Some researchers assert that most Russians today have come to regret the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
|
|
Balance between trade creation and trade diversion effects due to the creation of economic union makes the union either economically efficient (positive balance) or inefficient (negative balance). It is based on the fact that unification of states usually applies mergers of more than 1 sector in economy (even European Coal and Steel Union, which had 2 sectors only) leading to the creation of either trade creation or diversion effects. Positive effects of trade diversion include increase of trade between unified states, increase of employment in manufacturing states inside the union consequently leading to increase of respective taxes and welfare.
|
|
In October 2014, the court dismissed the claim and determined that the overall result during the Laporta's mandate had been a positive balance. In 2010, Sandro Rosell and Javier Faus had been the main promoters of the sponsorship agreement with Qatar to incorporate advertising on FC Barcelona's shirts. Javier Faus and Rosell would have turned a blind eye on the apparent conflict of interests in which they were involved during the negotiation of the agreement. Javier Faus was a board member of Inmobiliaria Colonial, a company owned by the American fund Colony Capital, which in its turn was the owner of 70% of the Paris Saint-Germain Football Club.
|
|
The dramatic reduction in income put the company in a position where it struggled to meet its financial obligations, and its corruption and questionable accounting practices were exposed. Since 2011 they had been showing a positive balance sheet, but only because they had been re-valuing their assets to obscure poor cash flow. In 2015, the former chairman of Sonangol's board of directors, Francisco Lemos, stated publicly that he believed Sonangol to be bankrupt. They maintained a 300 million dollar outstanding debt with Chevron throughout 2015 and in 2016, the China Development Bank suspended Sonangol's line of credit after they failed to deliver a shipment of oil.
|
|
Apparently the Mennonites and Lutherans had joint services in the church, but for major festivals the Mennonites tended to go to their home churches, for many this being Schoenwiese in the Chortitza Colony. They also went back to their home churches to allow the young people to meet prospective marriage partners. In 1874 Johann Heinrich (Ivan Andreievich) Janzen was elected mayor of Orikhiv. Despite some opposition from the business community because Janzen was German, the governor of the province encouraged him to continue in his position, Orihiv being one of the few cities with a positive balance sheet despite an aggressive school building program. Janzen retired in 1899.
|
|
The bank credits a credit account to increase its balance, and debits a credit account to decrease its balance. The customer debits his or her savings/bank (asset) account in his ledger when making a deposit (and the account is normally in debit), while the customer credits a credit card (liability) account in his ledger every time he spends money (and the account is normally in credit). When the customer reads his bank statement, the statement will show a credit to the account for deposits, and debits for withdrawals of funds. The customer with a positive balance will see this balance reflected as a credit balance on the bank statement.
|
|
The commercial relations between Spain and Djibouti are not very significant, although Spanish companies begin to find a place of opportunity, mainly in the field of renewable energies or tenders of the Multilateral Financial Institutions. Our bilateral trade represents less than 0.1% of our total exports and imports. In general, the figures of bilateral Hispanic- Djibouti trade have been favorable to Spain, with high coverage rates, but both total bilateral trade and its components have shown quite erratic behaviors. In 2012, Spain exported $7.39 million to Djibouti and imported $510,000, resulting in a positive balance of $6.88 million and a coverage rate of 1,449%.
|
|
The "Velvet Revolution" in 1989, offered a chance for profound and sustained political and economic reform. Signs of economic resurgence began to appear in the wake of the shock therapy that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) labelled the "big bang" of January 1991. Since then, consistent liberalization and astute economic management has led to the removal of 95% of all price controls, low unemployment, a positive balance of payments position, a stable exchange rate, a shift of exports from former communist economic bloc markets to Western Europe, and relatively low foreign debt. Inflation has been higher than in some other countries – mostly in the 10% range – and the government has run consistent modest budget deficits.
|
|
The French economy was especially founded in small and medium-sized businesses that were not financed by shares. Also, unlike the English-speaking world, particularly the United States, the French invested little on the stock exchange and put their confidence into gold, which was a currency of refuge during the crisis of 1929\. Gold had played the same role in the First World War, one reason that explained the great French attachment to it. Finally, France had had a positive balance of paymentsEichengreen, Barry (May 1992), 'The Origins and Nature of the Great Slump Revisited', The Economic History Review'. pp. 213-239 for some years thanks mainly to invisible exports such as tourism.
|
|
In 1994, the bad results of Aerolineas Argentinas, which presented a positive balance in its commercial exploitation but nevertheless hid a significant deficit with losses in non- operating activities, led Iberia to increase its ownership participation to 85%. With this increase in participation, the Argentine state renounced its "golden share", allowing Iberia to have full fiscal control of the company. Iberia began a reduction in the size of the company, a liquidation of the national and overseas offices, and the technical sale of its entire fleet composed of 28 aircraft in a "sale and lease back" operation. Argentine sources indicates that the purchase capital of Aerolíneas Argentinas was charged to its own financial liability.
|
|
Between 1960 and 1964, Japan incurred annual trade deficits (based on a customs clearance for imports) ranging from US$400 million to US$1.6 billion. The era of chronic trade deficit ended in 1965, and by 1969, with a positive balance of almost US$1 billion, Japan was widely regarded as a surplus trading nation. In 1971 the surplus reached US$4.3 billion, and its rapid increase was a main factor behind the United States decision to devalue the dollar and pressure Japan to revalue the yen—events that led quickly to the end of the Bretton Woods System of fixed exchange rates. By 1972 Japan's surplus had climbed to US$5.1 billion, despite the reevaluation of the yen in 1971.
|
|
He was president of Newark's Board of Education and was the longtime president of Local 478 of the Brotherhood of Teamsters and Chauffeurs. The only or one of the few mayors since 1962 to leave office with a positive balance in Newark's budget. One of the major contribution Carlin made was to call together the CEOs of Newark's 18 largest corporations in an effort to stem the outward movement of companies to the suburbs. The Star-Ledger wrote: > The term New Newark came into existence in 1954, largely as a result of the > recently elected Mayor Leo Carlin, who called together the CEOs of Newark's > 18 largest corporations in an effort to stem the outward movement of > companies to the suburbs.
|
|
French seaport during the heyday of mercantilism Mercantile theorists held that international trade could not benefit all countries at the same time. Money and precious metals were the only source of riches in their view, and limited resources must be allocated between countries, therefore tariffs should be used to encourage exports, which bring money into the country, and discourage imports which send it abroad. In other words, a positive balance of trade ought to be maintained through a surplus of exports, often backed by military might. Despite the prevalence of the model, the term mercantilism was not coined until 1763, by Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau (1715–1789), and popularized by Adam Smith in 1776, who vigorously opposed it.
|
|
When purchasing a go card, a refundable deposit is applied, on top of the starting balance. The deposit allows users to finish their journey even when they have insufficient funds on the go card, although the go card has to have a positive balance at the start of the journey. To use the go card, users need to hold their card less than 10cm away from the reader to "touch on" and do the same to "touch off" at the end of each journey or segment travelled (This includes switching between Train and Light Rail at Helensvale Station). For inter-modal travel, TransLink allows go card users to transfer between services (up to 3 times and within 3 and a half hours) without being regarded as having started a new journey.
|
|
The survey, carried out in September and October 2010, shows that, in contrasting positive, negative and neutral reports, Folha held a positive balance of three percent. In the 2006 presidential election, Folha also had "the more balanced and less biased" coverage among daily newspapers, and was the vehicle that expressed more diversified opinions, according to Doxa (the Public Opinion and Political Communication Lab, IUPERJ)."Folha fez cobertura mais crítica a candidatos" Those surveys notwithstanding, Folha was criticized for its "false impartiality" by website Falha de S. Paulo, created to spoof the newspaper for its supposedly biased coverage that favored José Serra and opposed the Lula administration. Folha went to court appealing for closure of the Website, claiming that its usage of a logo identical to the newspaper's, with the change of just one letter in the name, was not only confusing readers but also represented a trademark violation.
|
|
Patience fronting the band at a performance in Perth (July 2011) Local US musician, Ben Marshall, joined the band on drums in New York to finish recording their third album, Secret Rituals (17 June 2011), which peaked at No. 11. Matt Shea of Mess+Noise felt it was "a little like a ledger of artistic assets: for the band to come out on top, the final statement needs to show a positive balance of improved songwriting over receding whacked-out style." The Alphabet Pony's reviewer found the work had "benefited from this increased sensibility, and the time taken to marinate in the creative hub of Brooklyn has done wonders for their revitalised sound... It's classic Grates sound, brought kicking and screaming into 2011 – but it's in the conflict between the old stuff and the new stuff that's the killer." Marshall toured with the band in Australia in June to July on the Secret Rituals tour with auxiliary member, Miranda Freeman on bass guitar and keyboards.
|
|
The outward migration was able to continue because interactions between the planets allowed gas to stream through the gap. The gas exchanged angular momentum with the planets during its passage, adding to the positive balance of torques; and transferred mass from the outer disk to the inner disk, allowing the planets to migrate outward relative to the disk. The transfer of gas to the inner disk also slowed the reduction of the inner disk's mass relative to the outer disk as it accreted onto the Sun, which otherwise would weaken the inner torque, ending the planets' outward migration. In the grand tack hypothesis this process is assumed to have reversed the inward migration of the planets when Jupiter is at 1.5 AU. The outward migration of Jupiter and Saturn continued until they reached a zero-torque configuration within a flared disk, or the gas disk dissipated, and is supposed to end with Jupiter near its current orbit.
|
|
Since the economic crisis of the 1980s and the subsequent introduction of the new shekel in 1985, the Bank of Israel and the government of Israel have maintained much more careful and conservative fiscal and monetary policies, and have gradually introduced various market-based economic reforms. In addition, the signing of free trade agreements helped the Israeli economy become more competitive, while heavy investment in its industrial and scientific base allowed the country to take advantage of opportunities associated with the rise of the global knowledge economy, thus greatly increasing exports and opening new markets for its products and services. As a result of these factors, inflation has been relatively low and the country now maintains a positive balance of payments, with a current account surplus equivalent to about 3% of its GDP in 2010. Consequently, its currency has strengthened though less so than an exceptional rise in the Euro and Swiss Franc, rising approximately 20% in value relative to the US dollar from 2001 to 2011, contrasting to weakening in prior decades.
|
|
During the initial period of the 19th century the imperial Chinese administration suspected that more silver was being exported than imported causing the Chinese to slowly develop a silver deficit as the trade balance fell on the negative side of the spectrum for the Qing. However, as the government of the Qing dynasty never collected and compiled any statistics on the private trade of silver it is very difficult to generate any accurate hard numbers on these claims. According to Hosea Ballou Morse the turning point for the Chinese trade balance was in the year 1826, during this year the trade balance allegedly fell from a positive balance of 1,300,000 pesos to a negative one of 2,100,000 pesos. According to the memorial by the governor of Fujian, L. Tsiuen-Sun published on 7 November 1855 it is noted that the governor witnessed that the foreign silver coins that had been circulating in Jiangnan were held in great esteem by the local people and that the most excellent of these coins weighed 7 Mace and 2 Candareens while their silver content was only of 6 Mace and 5 Candareens.
|
|
The first of 145 X-Dominion 2-8-2 locomotives built at a Montreal plant, for shipment to India. The Billion Dollar Gift and Mutual Aid were financial incentives instituted by the Canadian minister C. D. Howe during World War II. Due to its expenditure on war materiel, Britain lacked gold reserves and U.S. dollars,Canadian Encyclopedia online (retrieved 20 December 2012) to pay for existing and future orders with Canadian industry. At the same time, following expansion, Canadian industry was dependent on British contracts and before the war had had a positive balance of trade with the UK but with the establishment of Lend-Lease the UK might place future orders with the US. The Billion Dollar Gift was given in January 1942, coupled with a C$700 million non-interest bearing loan, both anticipated to last just over a year. It did not last until the end of 1942. It was replaced in May 1943 with the "War Appropriation (United Nations Mutual Aid) Act, 1943" which provided for aid to the UK and the other Allies and lasted until the end of the war.
|
|