175 Sentences With "political allegiances"

As Florida and Virginia have shown, this evolution unmoors political allegiances.

Did tabloids shift people's political allegiances or did they follow them?

Old political allegiances are weakening and public opinion is becoming more fickle.

Growing psephological evidence suggests that Brexit is profoundly reshaping British political allegiances.

There were also plenty who weren't entirely surprised by Luckey's political allegiances.

IT WOULD have been unthinkable to question Utah's political allegiances one year ago.

Jo: Ah, Alex but recall how deeply local the people's political allegiances are.

But Mr. King had seen firsthand the effect of Long Island's shifting political allegiances.

Lady Gaga didn't wait long to let everyone know where her political allegiances lay.

Like Americans, Britons are jettisoning longtime political allegiances in a sign of new cultural divides.

Other than political allegiances, we don't know much about what the term evangelical means anymore.

They told us American political allegiances based on economic, demographic, and ideological lines were irrevocably changed.

To find out what Facebook thinks your political allegiances are, head over to www.facebook.com/ads/preferences.

Campaigns receive free tools and services, it says, while platforms curry insights and powerful political allegiances.

The friendship with Hughes provided an anchor and radicalized Ellison, shifting his political allegiances to the left.

But political allegiances aside, Arce's story provides a warning tale of the human cost of political violence.

This is a view in which people's policy beliefs come first and their political allegiances follow naturally.

On the other hand, we tend to avoid confronting facts that run hostile to our political allegiances.

Kanye West's hair — much like his political allegiances, Twitter activity, and current stance on Drake — is highly unpredictable.

There will be battles, there will be political allegiances, there will be deception, and there will be deaths.

Costa doesn't hide her political allegiances, and her candor enhances rather than undermines the credibility of her report.

Like Mr. Koizumi, he is an example of how the antinuclear movement has blurred political allegiances in Japan.

Such fierce consumer reactions have likely pressured many Trump-supporting business leaders to keep their political allegiances to themselves.

" "This is an event that is attended by men of various party political allegiances who do not know any better.

The current political climate also played a big role in submissions, with relationships failing over competing Trump-Clinton political allegiances.

And if mainline denominations are hemorrhaging members, does it not seem at least plausible those people's political allegiances may be plastic?

Innocent Americans were wiretapped without court authorization and spied on, as intelligence bureaus sought to determine their national and political allegiances.

But experts say that the recent activity of some militia members could be evidence of a greater shift in political allegiances.

His popularity in Zimbabwe reflects the fact that in a country bitterly divided by political allegiances, he positioned himself as a unifier.

Stacey Dash made her political allegiances clear on Thursday during an interview with Fox News at the Conservative Political Action Conference in Maryland.

Some have sided with the U.N.-backed Government of National Accord (GNA), some support Ghwell, and some do not have clear political allegiances.

Western powers and African states fear the crisis that has so far largely followed political allegiances could spiral into a renewed ethnic conflict.

In photos that swiftly circulated on social media, it was clear the visitors' political allegiances were radically incompatible with Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement.

It is now internally divided, and Jathran's powerful unit, based in Libya's Oil Crescent region, has acted largely independently, switching political allegiances in recent years.

He argued that conservatives should not subvert their principles to political allegiances or feel compelled to vote for candidates or parties that don't reflect them.

He looked closely at how postindustrial transformations had changed local economics, and why the Brexit debate was scrambling political allegiances and causing so much frustration.

Donald Trump should remember that free trade is our powerful ally because it can change the flow of wealth and the political allegiances of all nations.

We got the FOX News contributor at LAX Saturday, and she slams the recent trend of conservatives being booted from restaurants due to their political allegiances.

The emperor can gain more influence points as he changes the political allegiances of his court, but that obviously takes time and comes with its own tradeoffs.

The Gateway Program, however, is that rare chance to put aside partisan squabbles and act in the best interests of all citizens, regardless of their political allegiances.

But Democrats ran well enough to win in those states where incomes were the lowest, bringing along downscale whites for whom multigenerational political allegiances still meant something.

So far, I couldn't tell anything about anyone's political allegiances, gender, or cultural positioning; usually a conversation about sex, gender, and penises brings out the most entrenched ideologues.

However, if we consider the scale—of political allegiances and ideological stripes—of this Democratic Party, we are forced to consider if the tent has become too big.

Piecemeal temporary protected status for immigrants from only certain countries relies on often arbitrary determinations of worth and political allegiances, which are nonetheless crucial for those who benefit.

The political allegiances of travelers who canceled their trips are not known but the coastal municipalities which issued the spoof travel warnings are held by the opposition CHP.

Claiming independence from all political allegiances, he projects a new modern vision: pro European, pro business, pro investment, but respectful of the French safety net and cultural traditions.

People pointed out that the queen wore a brooch given by the Obamas in 2011, and the theories about #BroochWarfare — and the queen's political allegiances — spread from there.

As part of the discussion, they can offer suggestions about how the general public can work together, no matter their political allegiances, to strengthen democracy in the United States.

The recent bloody history of Eastern Europe, where occupation by Nazis and then Soviets scrambled political allegiances, has made the region especially susceptible to these waves of political upheaval.

Kavanaugh's partisan outbursts, suggesting he would not be a neutral arbiter, also may have reinforced public perceptions that the ideologically divided justices cast their votes based on political allegiances.

But the old-school self-portrait and the newfangled selfie have common aims: Both are showcases of personal secrets, broadcasts of political allegiances, and, more than anything, great ways to grandstand.

Whether cultural institutions should consider the personal and political allegiances of their contributors remains thorny territory, particularly since nonprofit organizations can rarely afford to turn away generous donors like the Mercer family.

Pinned down on yet another battlefront, Isabel must grapple with where her political allegiances lie and, at long last, gauge her true feelings for Curzon, her longtime companion in adventure and woe.

A troubled ambivalence shades the political allegiances of the Gabriels, though there is something about the prospect of a woman as president that makes them glow a bit brighter in the twilight.

Held after three years of negotiations to leave the EU, the December election will show how far Brexit has torn traditional political allegiances apart and test an electorate increasingly tired of voting.

Few states have reflected the changing political allegiances of the Trump era more than Pennsylvania, which was the most populous of the trifecta of Rust Belt states that Mr. Trump flipped in 2016.

We should not assume that white moderates and liberals will maintain current political allegiances, nor should we expect that the so-called nonwhite group is going to work in any kind of coalition.

There are open questions about his political allegiances: "By some accounts [he] wasn't even sure if he was running as a Democrat or Republican," said Michigan State University political science professor Matt Grossmann.

Meanwhile, Beshear, who has spent the last four years fighting Bevin from within the state's executive branch as attorney general, is hoping voters will ditch their national political allegiances in an off-year election.

Ultra nationalist politician Vladimir Zhirinovsky has referred to Putin as a modern-day tsar, but the Orthodox group's political allegiances are unclear and it is not suggesting that the Russian president head an autocratic monarchy.

Mr. Tapie, a former leader of the Adidas sports empire and a minister in the Socialist government of President François Mitterrand in the early 1990s, switched political allegiances to support Mr. Sarkozy's presidential campaign in 2007.

And there are long-harbored concerns from some Republicans that Mnuchin's political allegiances skew far too liberal for the Republicans to trust him as their conservative voice in the room against a formidable negotiator like Pelosi.

Under the new name, the account minimized references to its political allegiances, swapped out a photograph of Mr. Johnson from its cover, and used a white check mark in a magenta circle as a profile picture.

But with political allegiances shifting on all sides, Labour stands a chance of cobbling together a minority government, a prospect that strikes fear in Jews worried about Corbyn allies downplaying, for instance, anti-Jewish hate crimes.

To be effective, organizations must put aside political allegiances and perhaps even long-held "best practices" to assess changes in a fact-based, data-driven way that provides a clear view of how policy decisions affect them.

At first, Moretti puckishly keeps the two activities separate: Michele's teammates pull him onto a bus en route to a match; then, when he reads an article that he wrote before the accident, he rediscovers his political allegiances.

Among school staff members, Ms. Russo said, there is a mix of political allegiances, and so the aftermath of the election has been a delicate dance, one that requires one-on-one conversations rather than a schoolwide address.

Given her background as a film student, it'll be cool too see how much self-shot material is included in the final cut, or how much she may well have shot about her political allegiances in Sri Lanka.

The figures, published on Wednesday by the nonpartisan National Asian-American Survey, suggested that the political allegiances of Asians might be hardening in a way that could harm Republicans with the fastest-growing minority group well beyond 2016.

As Brexit chainsaws its way through British politics, dismantling decades-old political allegiances, tearing apart the traditional parties and leaving voters confused, frustrated and angry, the Brexit Party is thriving by offering a simple and hard-edge message.

The valley traces its political allegiances back to pacts drawn up in the 13th century with the Crown of Aragon, a monarchy that would join with the Crown of Castille two centuries later to form what became Spain.

With a plethora of faiths, castes and political allegiances, spiced up by garish nepotism, rank criminality and a first-past-the-post voting system prone to wild swings, elections in UP are always raucous and notoriously tricky to predict.

Comey's handling of the FBI's investigation of Hillary Clinton's emails is often at the center of their theories, which trace Trump's legal problems back not to any wrongdoing on his part, but to the political allegiances of top FBI officials.

The tweets were spread evenly among users from all over the country, of all genders and political allegiances, with few or many followers — arguing against the notion of an "echo chamber" bottling up news to like-minded communities, the researchers said.

So while I think it is laudable to speak frankly about the scale of the challenge, I worry about being too prescriptive, too specific about the kinds of political allegiances and policies that are required for membership in the climate army.

Mr. Trump fares best among people who identify as Republicans but nonetheless remain registered Democrats or have a history of voting in Democratic primaries — a legacy of their previous political allegiances — according to data from Civis Analytics, a Democratic firm.

Stress-testing ideas about military tactics, infrastructure planning, sectarian power-brokering and political allegiances — plus a host of other metrics — underscores the need for creative and collaborative thinking, but also highlights that there is no magic bullet or single solution.

The staggering value of digital stuff is thus fingered as an irresistible, manipulative force also sucking in bright minds to work at data firms like Cambridge Analytica — even at the expense of their own claimed political allegiances, in the conflicted case of Kaiser.

Popular romanticization of the movement is part of the reason why it was cool to be seen as "standing with Hillary," even though what happened in the voting booths on November 8 told a completely different story about where the country's actual political allegiances lie.

Or maybe it was something deeper, a sense that a 5-to-4 vote to shield the Trump administration from ordinary legal process would have been a needless step on the road to disaster for a court already seen as polarized by political allegiances.

In a city where race has sometimes defined political allegiances and is at the center of a newly released movie about civil unrest here 50 years ago, some prominent black leaders have lined up behind Mr. Duggan, pointing to the city's movement on his watch.

Second, people would have access, if requested, to all the data a company has collected on them — including all forms of computational inference (how the company uses your data to make guesses about your tastes and preferences, your personal and medical history, your political allegiances and so forth).

The tacit condition for reclaiming the political allegiances of our white male brothers is a stern pledge to jettison this "divisive" rhetoric; to return, at bottom, to some imaginary historical moment when the multifront campaign for racial and civil equality somehow entailed no material transfer of power from the nation's ruling white caste.

According to Reuters, police say a political group with a similar name and symbol to the ones shown the video claim of responsibility — the Frente Integralista Brasileira, or Brazilian Integralist Front — has denied any role in the attack, and investigators are still working to establish the identities and political allegiances of those responsible.

Trump's presidency is itself evidence of this dynamic — he won by persuading working-class white voters to vote like an embattled minority — but his strategy has been tested before: There are reams of research showing white Americans turn more Republican in their political allegiances when reminded of the growing power of nonwhite voters.

Strange bedfellows That 92-year-old Mahathir has switched political allegiances would likely have caused consternation among opposition party hardliners, who will remember him as much for his time as leader of the ruling party, as they will for his more recent criticism of Najib, says Bridget Welsh, Associate Professor at John Cabot University and a Senior Research Associate at the Center for East Asia Democratic Studies of the National Taiwan University.

Her Easter 1916 diary is in the Irish National Library, Dublin. After the Rising, she began to question her political allegiances and embraced Irish nationalism.

The Liberals retained a strong majority. With a few exceptions, members were returned unopposed. Education was the key issue and the election caused more controversy, with several sitting members changing their political allegiances.

Confessional tensions also reflected opposing Polish and Russian political allegiances. After the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire in 1783, Novorossiya was settled by Ukrainians and Russians.Ukraine under direct imperial Russian rule. Encyclopædia Britannica.

This rendition of Chapter V proposed a dialogue of censorship and political allegiances newly a part of the exhibition. The censored rendition of Chapter V entered the collection of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 2013.

Although O'Neill won the battle, the war ended with the completion of the English conquest of Ireland. In 1610 the Plantation of Ulster was established, an event that still defines certain political allegiances in the north of Ireland.

It was discontinued in the 1920s after years of dwindling circulation following a change of its political allegiances to the Union Government. The name Novascotian is still in use. It is now printed as a human interest section of The Chronicle-Herald newspaper of Halifax.

This time receiving 8,593 votes (50% of the total vote) and 603 votes ahead of Wijemanne. She was one of only three female representatives elected to Parliament at that time. Wickremanayake controversially switched political allegiances from the LSSP becoming a member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

Dalla Chiesa was also assassinated by Mafia in September 1982. Andreotti was acquitted along with his co-defendants in 1999. Local prosecutors successfully appealed the acquittal and there was a retrial, which in 2002 convicted Andreotti and sentenced him to 24 years imprisonment. Italians of all political allegiances denounced the conviction.

The unions would make political allegiances based on pragmatism, supporting different parties on an issue by issue basis. But refused to make permanent allegiances. There is a tendency to think business unionism is automatically non-militant but that is not true. Business unions have used direct action to get results for their members.

He was expelled from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, after expressing his views that it should join the United National Party, and subsequently switched political allegiances moving to the United National Party. At the 5th parliamentary election, held on 20 July 1960, he contested the seat of Kundasale on behalf of the United National Party.

He was part of the advisory team when Joshua Nkomo leader of Zimbabwe African People's Party visited London. The collapse of those talks, resulting in the split of ZAPU and Zimbabwe African National Union, ZANU also marked a watershed in Chidzero's political allegiances. Increasingly, he teamed up with his former school- and band-mate Mugabe.

The election re-affirmed the political allegiances of the past, with the Alliance Party winning all the Fijian Communal seats with 82% of the vote, as well as all the General Communal seats. The National Federation Party (NFP) won all the Indian Communal sets with 73% of the vote. Voter turnout was 85.2% in the communal seats.

Germans generally perceive the Chinese as a monolithic group, owners of grocery stores, snack bars, and Chinese restaurants, and sometimes as criminals and triad members. In actuality, the community is wracked by internal divisions, largely of political allegiances; pro-Taiwan (Republic of China) vs. pro-Mainland (People's Republic of China), supporters vs. opposers of the Chinese democracy movement, etc.

Although the constitution does not say so, India is now a multilingual federation. India has a multi-party system, with political allegiances frequently based on linguistic and regional identities,Johnson, A "Federalism: The Indian Experience ", HSRC Press,1996, Pg 3, ISBN necessitating coalition politics, especially at the Union level. India has generally two main groups known as the NDA and the UPA.

Sir Lewes Lewknor (c.1560–1627) was an English courtier, M.P., writer, soldier, and Judge who served as Master of the Ceremonies to King James I of England. M.P. for Midhurst in 1597 and for Bridgnorth 1604-10. His career has been described as a "tortuous trajectory rich in false starts, byways and rather nebulous interludes...[with] slippery religious and political allegiances".

Logo of the Arditi del Popolo, an axe cutting a fasces. In 1921 Fascist and anti-Fascist violence in Italy grew with Italian army officers beginning to assist the Fascists with their violence against communists and socialists.Smith, Modern Italy, p. 312 With the Fascist movement growing, anti-fascists of various political allegiances combined into the Arditi del Popolo (People's Militia).

Later it was published as the Nova Scotian and then Nova Scotia's Farm and Home Journal. It was discontinued in the 1920s after years of dwindling circulation following a change of its political allegiances to the Union Government. The name Novascotian is still in use. It is now printed as a human interest section of The Chronicle-Herald newspaper of Halifax.

The Christian philosopher Boethius was adopted into the family as a child, and named his son Symmachus in their honor. Being at the centre of the many political trials and tribulations both before and after the sack of Rome, the family declined significantly. Several members were executed for their political allegiances and religious beliefs, especially by the Goths and Vandals.History of the Wars, 5.1.34.

Pippo had a distinctive buzz, was rarely if ever seen and flew mainly at night. If people were faithful to the Fascists, they considered it an Allied plane. If people were supporters of the Allies, it was thought to be a Luftwaffe or Italian Air Force aircraft. No matter what their political allegiances, people personified it as a “he” – the plane and the pilot as one.

Ben Chifley (left), Labor Prime Minister, enjoyed a strong relationship with Playford (centre), despite their differing political allegiances. In order for these developments to occur, Playford personally had to attend to the bureaucracy that stood in the way. He confronted public service workers, and successfully negotiated with the heads of private companies. But it was negotiations with the Federal Government that were to prove the hardest.

Business unionism is also viewed as being non- partisan, although members tend to be "liberal" politically.Moody, An Injury to All (1988), p. 56. "Business unionists were more likely to be political liberals than the employers they dealt with, but in normal times they did not see the union as a vehicle for social change." It is believed that to adopt political allegiances would divide union members.

The resentment of both the robe nobility and the bourgeois would lead to political allegiances during the National Assembly of 1789-91. The perceived social and political injustice incited by the Ségur Ordinance was a role-player in the French Monarchy's downward spiral in the late 18th century, ultimately leading to the French Revolution.Neely, S. (2008). A Concise History of the French Revolution, Rowman & Littlefield.

Unlike most other councils in Wales, Anglesey's councillors divide only partly along political-party lines. Following the 2008 elections, and Labour maintained a group on the Council. Some Councillors elected on party political tickets or believed to have party political allegiances do not form, or join, party groups. The remaining councillors, both party-political and independent, have formed a number of factions based as much on personalities as on policy.

A young Englishwoman, Kim Nelson, travels to Istanbul in search of information about her grandmother Jade. In the years before World War I, Jade had been the favourite of the "Black Sultan", and ordered by him to seduce an English diplomat, Lord Nelson, in order to alter Turkey's influence in European politics. Kim's story and that of her grandmother are revealed in tandem, in a Europe where sexual and political allegiances are constantly shifting.

Andreotti was acquitted along with his co-defendants in 1999. Local prosecutors successfully appealed the acquittal and there was a retrial, which in 2002 convicted Andreotti and sentenced him to 24 years imprisonment. Italians of all political allegiances denounced the conviction. Many failed to understand how the court could convict Andreotti of orchestrating the killing, yet acquit his co-accused, who supposedly had carried out his orders by setting up and committing the murder.

Despite his political allegiances, Petty was well-treated at the Restoration in 1660, although he lost some of his Irish lands. Charles II at their first meeting brushed aside Petty's apologies for his past support for Cromwell, "seeming to regard them as needless", and discussed his experiments into the mechanics of shipping instead.Fraser, Antonia King Charles II Mandarin edition 1993 p.189 In 1661 he was elected MP for Inistioge in the Parliament of Ireland.

NYT September 25, 1999, Ex-Premier Andreotti Acquitted of Mafia Murder Conspiracy The prosecution successfully appealed the acquittal. A retrial was held, which in 2002 convicted Andreotti and sentenced him to 24 years' imprisonment. Italians of all political allegiances denounced the conviction.Oct 31 2003 Court Clears Andreotti of Murder ChargeNYT, November 19, 2002, Andreotti's Sentence Draws Protests About 'Justice Gone Mad' The Italian supreme court finally cleared Andreotti of the murder in 2003.

Andreotti was acquitted along with his co-defendants in 1999. Local prosecutors successfully appealed the acquittal and there was a retrial, which in 2002 convicted Andreotti and sentenced him to 24 years imprisonment. Italians of all political allegiances denounced the conviction. Many failed to understand how the court could convict Andreotti of orchestrating the killing, yet acquit his co-accused, who supposedly had carried out his orders by setting up and committing the murder.

He was subsequently re-elected in the 1971, 1975 and 1977 provincial elections. Lawlor served as the NDP's justice critic and, briefly, finance critic. He retired at the 1981 provincial election but attempted to return to politics three years later running as the federal NDP candidate in Etobicoke—Lakeshore but was defeated, placing third behind Progressive Conservative Patrick Boyer. Lawlor was friends with Ontario Premier John Robarts despite their different political allegiances.

It was reported that Ahmed has requested for a merger between his party and the PTI however PTI decided not to go for an alliance with any political party. He was re-elected as the member of the National Assembly for the seventh time from Rawalpindi. In public circles, he is known for making witty remarks and political predictions. He is also known for switching political allegiances from one party to another.

Norsemen attained them either through trade (an extension of gift-giving in Norse society) or as plunder. Therefore, their possession and display by any individual would signify their station in the social hierarchy and any political allegiances they had. One example of an exchange of weapons between the Franks and the Anglo-Saxons occurred in 795 when Charlemagne exchanged weapons with the Anglo-Saxon king Offa of Mercia. Hampton, Valerie Dawn (2011).

A 2016 study of winners of the Pennsylvania Lottery found that its winners had an increased probability of shifting towards the right of the political spectrum. The largest effect was found among winners who were not yet registered to vote. Upon registering, they were 9.6% more likely to register as Republicans than non-winners. This suggests that positive economic shocks have a greater political impact on individuals who are not typically involved in politics or have indistinct political allegiances.

137 During their period of exile, rivalry between the various factions became obvious, a conflict which became the basis for political allegiances in later years.Djuvara, p.332 In the meantime, Magheru, upon the advice of Colquhoun, ordered the demobilization of his troops (October 10), and, accompanied by a few of his officers, passed the Southern Carpathians into Hermannstadt—at the time, the Transylvanian city was nominally in the Austrian Empire, but gripped by the Hungarian Revolution.

One sister married Publius Cornelius Dolabella, consul of 35 BC; another married the Roman senator Sextus Appuleius, consul in 29; and the third married Lucius Nonius Asprenas, son of the consul of 36 BC.Syme, Augustan Aristocracy, pp. 315-318 Despite Varus’ father's political allegiances, he became one of the supporters of the heir of Julius Caesar, Octavian. When Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa died in early 12 BC, Varus delivered his funeral eulogy alongside the future emperor, Tiberius.Syme, Augustan Aristocracy, p.

Supposed depiction of Eustace at the Battle of Hastings. Detail from Bayeux Tapestry. Inscription above Duke William: HIC EST WILLELMUS DUX ("Here is Duke William") and above the figure to the right of him E...TIUS (apparently a Latinised form of "Eustace") These events evidently caused a shift in Eustace's political allegiances, for he then became an important participant in the Norman conquest of England in 1066. He fought at Hastings, although sources vary regarding the details of his conduct during the battle.

One event that simplified the situation for the queen was the success in 1560 of the Protestant revolution in Scotland, which largely removed the threat of invasion her father had suffered in 1539. But complications were never wanting in Ulster, owing to the criss-cross of dynastic and political allegiances and betrayals. At this time Shane O'Neill was allied by marriage with the Campbells, the MacDonnell clan's chief rival in Scotland; yet Sorley Boy's wife was a half-sister of the same Shane.

Although Flynn and Biedenkapp was the individuals maintaining day-to-day operations of the WDU, the group was nominally controlled by a National Committee, which included a number of prominent civil libertarians of various political allegiances, including Chicago poverty worker Jane Addams, Nation magazine editor Oswald Garrison Villard, activist clergyman such as Frank A. Ryan, Harry F. Ward, and Judah L. Magnes, prominent labor lawyer Frank P. Walsh, muckraking writer Frederic C. Howe, and trade unionist Rose Schneiderman, among others.

Painting of kerbs increases during the annual marching season. They are a source of annoyance for some residents of both political allegiances. There is an adage in Northern Ireland that one should never buy a house in a street where kerbs are painted, and the practice is said to have an adverse impact on local house prices. Leading Northern Ireland political parties Sinn Féin (nationalist) and the Democratic Unionist Party have both stated that they oppose the practice of kerb painting.

During the Revolution, the Van Cortlandt Manor lands straddled two areas, one controlled by the Patriot forces and the other in the "Neutral Ground". As a result, even though the Van Cortlandt family became Whigs, the populace divided in their political allegiances during the years of conflict. In New York the colonial government began to fall apart, and a new revolutionary regime started to emerge. The regular Assembly, which had been growing increasingly more pro- British, ceased meeting in January, 1775.

Until 2019, Article 370 made special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim as per their accession or statehood deals. Although the Constitution did not envisage it, India is now a multilingual federation. India has a multi-party system with political allegiances frequently based on linguistic, regional and caste identities, necessitating coalition politics, especially at the Union level.

Viking swords Foreign-made, specifically Frankish, weapons and armour played a special role in Norse society. Norsemen attained them either through trade (an extension of gift-giving in Norse society) or as plunder. Therefore, their possession and display by any individual would signify their station in the social hierarchy and any political allegiances they had. One example of an exchange of weapons between the Franks and the Vikings occurred in 795 when Charlemagne exchanged weapons with the Anglo-Saxon king Offa of Mercia.

He was ultimately successful at the 6th parliamentary election, held in March 1965, as the United National Party candidate, defeating Majeed by 4,3899 votes. Following the election he was appointed by Prime Minister Dudley Senanayake as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Social Services. Mustapha was re-elected at the 7th parliamentary election, held in May 1970, by only 75 votes, securing 13,481 votes (49% of the total vote). He switched political allegiances and joined the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

Her life in Ireland was more conventional than that of the United States, but her father maintained unusual interests. He took part in the campaign for women's dress reform as well as women's rights more generally, and provided his daughter was a stimulating environment to grow up in. The onset of the Land War in the 1870s saw their lives change significantly, both economically and politically. These changes saw both Orpen and her father change their political allegiances from liberal nationalism to supporting the British Conservative party.

Cormac Breathnach (1885 – 29 May 1956) was an Irish politician and primary school teacher. He was born in County Kerry in 1885,Dictionary of Irish Biography – Cambridge University Press and known in his younger years as Charlie Walshe. Breathnach served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1949–1950 and had been involved in the National Labour Party before being convinced to switch his political allegiances by Éamon de Valera, the founder of Fianna Fáil. Breathnach was also president of the Gaelic League from 1926 until 1928.

Costa doesn't hide her political allegiances, and her candor enhances rather than undermines the credibility of her report. According to him, Costa's portrait of Lula, and Rousseff, “is hardly uncritical”. Something similar, in the newspaper El País, Débora Diniz and Giselle Carino wrote: "Any documentary is a plot about reality from a point of view. [...] This is how Costa's voice is an invitation to authenticity and authorial honesty: we know who writes the story and why this story matters from its individual and family genesis".

Andrus's 10,896-vote margin of victory was within 60 votes of Samuelson's 10,842-vote margin over Andrus four years earlier. The election saw the reversal of some long-standing trends in political allegiances: historically, the state's upper-income urban areas (most notably Boise, Twin Falls, and Idaho Falls) had strongly backed Republican candidates, while lower-income urban and rural areas traditionally supported Democratic candidates. However, in the 1970 election, Samuelson's returns were unusually strong in lower-income areas, but far weaker than expected in upper-income precincts.

Paley left the band when Cohen and Seeger wanted the group to become more professional and Paley refused to sign statements about his political allegiances; he was replaced by Tracy Schwarz. He formed another group, the Old Reliable String Band with Roy Berkeley and Artie Rose, before leaving the United States in 1963, when he and his wife Claudia went to live in Sweden. They remained there until 1965 when they moved to England, where Paley had increasingly been working.Private conversations, 1974 to 2017.

'Chuckle Brothers' - Paisley & McGuinness (oil on canvas) Drury went professional as an artist in 2009. His early works were mainly oil on canvas and some featured controversial subjects, or included political and religious satire, often gaining much criticism. One portrait showed DUP politician, Iris Robinson, wife of former First Minister of Northern Ireland in a 'Marilyn Monroe pose'. Another depicted Rev Dr Ian Paisley (also DUP) wearing an Irish Tricolour tie, alongside his opposite number, Sinn Féin's Martin McGuinness, in a Union Flag tie (an image seen as offensive by some from both political allegiances).

John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough in the robes of the Order of the Garter by Sir Godfrey Kneller, c. 1704 In 1677, Sarah's brother Ralph died, and she and her sister, Frances, became co-heirs of the Jennings estates in Hertfordshire and Kent. John chose Sarah over Catherine Sedley, but both John's and Sarah's families disapproved of the match, therefore they married secretly in the winter of 1677–78. John and Sarah were both Protestants in a predominantly Catholic court, a circumstance that would influence their political allegiances.

But a panic following the fall of France and the invasion scare in May/June 1940 led to a mass round-up of most Germans in Britain, pro- and anti-Nazi alike. When Italy joined the war thousands of Italians were rounded up too, irrespective of their political allegiances or how long they had lived in Britain. It was at this time that Winston Churchill, so the cabinet minutes record, issued the order: "Collar the Lot!" MI5 was supposed to be making sensible assessments but in fact contributed to the panic and misjudgment.

The political situation in the Smoke Hole is > certainly unusual; until a few years ago it was said the Smoke Hole had > "only one Democrat and lightnin' killed him", but recently there has been > some swing of political allegiances. There are 113 registered voters in the > Smoke Hole, and of these 81 are members of one of seven families, all early > settlers, the Alts, Ayres, Judys, Kimbles, Selfs, Shreves, and Shirks, with > the Kimble clan alone boasting 29 votes.West Virginia Writers Project > (1940), Op. cit., pp 128-129.

In his defense of Sharp, C. J. Bearman took scholars to task for their speedy and uncritical acceptance of Harker's views: > To his credit, Harker has never concealed his political allegiances – he is > or was a Trotskyist adherent of the Socialist Workers' Party (Harker 1985, > 256–8) – but at the same time, it must be maintained that his is an extreme > political position. To accept without question the opinion of a Trotskyist > about Sharp and his work is rather like taking one's view of the Communist > Manifesto from a member of the British National Party.

Although O'Neill won the battle, the war ended with the completion of the English conquest of Ireland. In 1610 the Plantation of Ulster was established, an event that still defines certain political allegiances in Northern Ireland. On 7 August 1986, in protest at the Anglo-Irish Agreement, Northern Irish unionist politician Peter Robinson led an "invasion party" of 500 unionist militants into Clontibret. During what is sometimes called the "Clontibret invasion", the group held a military parade with drill in the square, before being forced by the Gardaí to retreat back across the border.

The elections were the first free and multiparty elections held in Croatia since 11 December 1938 elections for the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and were the first such elections for the Croatian parliament since 16 December 1913. SKH-SDP graciously accepted HDZ's electoral victory, but the defeat led to substantial losses of party members. Those who left SKH-SDP included traditionalist communists and Croatian Serb party members who followed the lead of Borislav Mikelić. 97,000 members of SKH-SDP switched their political allegiances and joined HDZ.

This shifting of political allegiances is normal for Tower Hamlets. Between the 2006 and 2010 elections, five Respect councillors defected to Labour; one Respect and one Labour councillor defected to the Conservatives; one Liberal Democrat defected to Labour; and one Labour councillor was gained through a by-election at the expense of the Liberal Democrats.LBTH ward details accessed 21 May 2010 In July 2013, the Tower Hamlets (Electoral Changes) Order 2013 was passed, reducing the size of the council and creating new electoral wards made of single, two- and 3-member divisions.

Kenyatta complained about the food, accommodation, and poor quality of English instruction. There is no evidence that he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and one of his fellow students later characterised him as "the biggest reactionary I have ever met." Kenyatta also visited Siberia, probably as part of an official guided tour. The emergence of Germany's Nazi government shifted political allegiances in Europe; the Soviet Union pursued formal alliances with France and Czechoslovakia, and thus reduced its support for the movement against British and French colonial rule in Africa.

Flag of Artigas José Gervasio Artigas, as depicted by Juan Manuel Blanes. Provincial political allegiances in 1816 CE. The May Revolution of 1810 in Buenos Aires marked the end of Spanish rule in the Vice- royalty and the establishment of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata. The Revolution divided the inhabitants of Montevideo, many of whom remained royalists, loyal to the Spanish crown and revolutionaries who supported independence of the provinces from Spain. This soon led to the First Banda Oriental campaign between Buenos Aires and the Spanish viceroy.

Zamora's ostensible political allegiances were also the subject of debate and controversy. Despite playing regularly for the Catalan XI, he was accused of rejecting Catalan nationalism. In 1934, he was awarded an Order of the Republic medal by his namesake Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, president of the Second Spanish Republic, while during the Spanish Civil War he was exploited by Nationalist propagandists and he played in a benefit game for their cause. During the 1950s he was awarded the Great Cross of the Order of Cisneros by the Franco regime.

He arrived in Terceira on 5 January 1641, disembarking a night in Porto Martins. The next day travelled to his father residence, to whom he confided his mission and political allegiances. After some hesitation, almost a month after arriving on the island, and with little enthusiasm from the nobility, he went into hiding after Spanish forces after his plans were relieved. Through intermediaries, he tried to make an accord with the Castilian governor, Field Master D. Álvaro de Viveiros, offering him the title of Count and 10,000 cruzados for him to surrender the fortress in Angra.

Of his three books, Parties and Politics in Northern Nigeria was an analysis of the political structures of Northern Nigeria, when the whole of northern Nigeria was a single state - as of 2007, it has been divided into around 19 states, changing the political allegiances. Instability and Political Order: Politics and Crisis in Nigeria was written in 1969-70. It is still of interest for its views on the Nigerian military and the Nigerian Civil War. This book made use of game theory and introduced the use of game theory as an analytical approach in subsequent political science analysis of Nigeria.

KONDA Research and Consultancy (Turkish: KONDA Araştırma ve Danışmanlık) is an anonymous company in Turkey that specialises in public opinion polling and consultancy. It was founded in 1986 by Tarhan Erdem, a former Minister of Industry and Technology in the centre-left minority government of Bülent Ecevit in 1977. Since March 2010, KONDA has compiled monthly 'barometers' that consist of public opinion polls conducted within a sample between 1,800 and 3,600. Their opinion polls measure the public outlook on contemporary issues in Turkey such as nationalism, the headscarf, outlook on companies and finance, political allegiances as well as law and justice.

In a trend common to northern "Rust Belt" regions, the Democratic Party has dominated Buffalo's political life for the last half- century. The last time anyone other than a Democrat held the position of Mayor in Buffalo was Chester A. Kowal in 1965. In 1977, Democratic Mayor James D. Griffin was elected as the nominee of two minor parties, the Conservative Party and the Right to Life Party, after he lost the Democratic primary for Mayor to then Deputy State Assembly Speaker Arthur Eve. Griffin switched political allegiances several times during his 16 years as Mayor, generally hewing to socially conservative platforms.

Through a maze of conflicting land grants, changing political allegiances, and settler unrest, Mayhew, who styled himself "Governour Mayhew", began to rule his island with an iron hand. The most serious threat to his control came in 1665 when Martha's Vineyard was included in the lands placed under the king's brother, the Duke of York. After much delay, a settlement, worked out in 1671, confirmed the Mayhew patent and named Mayhew "Governour and Chiefe Magistrate" for life. At the same time, a patent was issued erecting the Manor of Tisbury in the southwestern part of the island.

James Peregrine Lester is played by Ben Miller. Lester works for the British government, and is leader and ultimately responsible for the team of scientists, led by Nick Cutter (Douglas Henshall), charged with investigating the appearance of time anomalies. A ruthless and sarcastic individual, he's been given the task of uncovering the secrets of the anomalies and to prevent mass panic and he intends to do that by whatever means are necessary. According to the official site he is without any real political allegiances although he believes that the ends justify the means and has no problems with torture.

Although these settlers, known as "late-Loyalists," were required to take an oath of allegiance to the Crown in order to obtain land, their fundamental political allegiances were always considered dubious. By 1812, this had become acutely problematic since the American settlers outnumbered the original Loyalists by more than ten to one. It was this reality that led American legislators to speculate that bringing Upper Canada into the American fold would be a "mere matter of marching." Following the war, the colonial government took active steps to prevent Americans from swearing allegiance, thereby making them ineligible to obtain land grants.

In the 1988 municipal elections, a Muslim lawyer - Zafar Khan, from BSP was elected as the chair, having defeated Sandip Lal, a fellow Hindu contender from BSP, who was also backed by BJP. Effectively, it was more of a religious fight than political. Notwithstanding the demographic skew against Hindus, Lal was poorly educated and corrupt (contra Khan) and his history of switching political allegiances drastically hampered his chances; the election also saw a lower voter turnout among Hindus. Soon enough, the elected Hindus in the council (most of whom were prominent faces of communal outfits) accused Khan of being partisan in the distribution of funds and appointments at key posts including Vice Chairman, which was traditionally allotted to opposition.

Not long after his conversion Eorpwald was slain (occisus) by a pagan (viro gentili) named Ricberht. The circumstances are not recorded so that it is not known whether Ricberht represented an internal East Anglian opposition to Christian rule, or if he was an emissary from an external power wishing to diminish Edwin's influence. Bede states that after the slaying of Eorpwald the kingdom reverted to heathen rule (in errore versata est) for three years. This does not necessarily mean an overt struggle between the worship of the Anglo- Saxon gods and the worship of Christ, but could equally express a conflict in the political allegiances which Edwin's rise to power had prompted.

Theramenes, protesting that this action was worse than the worst excesses of the democracy, refused to follow the order.Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.21–22 Critias and his compatriots, in the light of these events, decided that Theramenes had become an intolerable threat to their rule; accordingly, speaking before the assembly of the 3,000, Critias denounced Theramenes as a born traitor, always ready to shift his political allegiances with the expediencies of the moment.Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.23–34 Famously, he branded him with the nickname "cothurnus", the name of a boot worn on the stage that could fit either foot; Theramenes, he proclaimed, was ready to serve either the democratic or oligarchic cause, seeking only to further his own personal interest.

In Northern Ireland, some members from each of the unionist and nationalist communities use flags to declare their political allegiances and to mark territory.Dominic Bryan & Gordon Gillespie (2005) Transforming Conflict: Flags and Emblems, Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queens University Belfast Unionists and loyalists fly the Union Flag and Ulster Banner to show their support for the union and/or their allegiance to Northern Ireland. Irish nationalists and republicans fly the Irish tricolour to show their support for a United Ireland.The National Flag, Department of the Taoiseach Support for a united Ireland is shown in the Irish tricolor with the white stripe in the center symbolizing a hope for future peace, specifically peace with the Republic of Ireland.

Upon their defeat, he refused to go into exile, and during the subsequent repression he was incarcerated several times and nearly executed. According to Lafuente's son, Federico Lafuente Beorlegui (see Spanish naming customs), during the war Lafuente Estefanía met humor novelist and playwright Enrique Jardiel Poncela, who advised him to write stories that would amuse people, as he believed it to be "the only way to live off writing". Once released from prison in the early 40s, Lafuente began writing mass-market paperbacks, initially for a small publisher in Vigo. His political allegiances and his imprisonment had made him an outcast under the fascist regime, closing him all doors to any jobs in his own trade: thus mass-market literature became his lifesaver.

However, Cibber was an even better King in these respects, more high-profile both as a political opportunist and as the powerful manager of Drury Lane, and with the crowning circumstance that his political allegiances and theatrical successes had gained him the laureateship. To Pope this made him an epitome of all that was wrong with British letters. Pope explains in the "Hyper-critics of Ricardus Aristarchus" prefatory to the 1743 Dunciad that Cibber is the perfect hero for a mock- heroic parody, since his Apology exhibits every trait necessary for the inversion of an epic hero. An epic hero must have wisdom, courage, and chivalric love, says Pope, and the perfect hero for an anti-epic therefore should have vanity, impudence, and debauchery.

The 75 mm howitzer was also used by Australian forces – two mountain batteries and some other units. A single howitzer was airdropped in April 1945 to the 2nd (Italian) SAS Regiment, a special force coordinated by Major Roy Farran and composed of partisans with mixed political allegiances, Russian ex-POWs, and Wehrmacht deserters. Baptized "Molto Stanco" ("Very tired" in Italian), the gun was used in the course of Operation Tombola to harass enemy convoys driving up and down along Route 12 between Modena and Florence. On 21 April 1945, the howitzer was towed by means of a Willys Jeep to the outskirts of Reggio Emilia, from where the Italian gunners initiated a shelling of the city that wrought panic among Axis troops.

Chicago politics had long been dominated by political patronage, or the rewarding of supporters through position and the punishment of opponents through demotion or firing. Public employees, therefore had to be careful with political allegiances; campaigning for a loser would result in demotion, firing, or transfer, while neutrality could result in a stagnant career advancement. Shakman, then an attorney, ran for a public position outside of the Cook County Democratic party and lost. He was distressed at the level of support the incumbent Democrats received from public employees and was, along with other plaintiffs, shocked to learn that this was often mandatory support required by the politicians as a part of the patronage system for those employees to keep their positions.

Fascists and communists fought on the streets during this period as the two factions competed to gain power in Italy. The already tense political environment in Italy escalated into major civil unrest when Fascists began attacking their rivals, beginning on April 15, 1919 with Fascists attacking the offices of the Italian Socialist Party's newspaper Avanti!.Smith, Dennis Mack (1997) Modern Italy; A Political History, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1997, , pp298 Violence grew in 1921 with Royal Italian Army officers beginning to assist the Fascists with their violence against communists and socialists.Smith, 1997, pp312 With the Fascist movement growing, anti-fascists of various political allegiances (but generally of the international left) combined into the Arditi del Popolo (People's Militia) in 1921.

The newspaper's predecessor, the Portland Daily Press, was formed as a pro-Republican newspaper in an era when most American newspapers had strong political allegiances. In the 1920s, under Guy P. Gannett's leadership, the newspaper adopted a more balanced editorial approach, and today the news and opinion sections of the paper are separate. In 1929 and 1930, the Portland Press Herald and the Portland Evening News "waged an editorial war" about the Kellogg–Briand Pact and the 1930 London Conference on naval arms limitations: the Evening News took a pacifist view, arguing in favor of the Pact; the Press Herald took the opposite view, calling the Pact "a delusion and a dream."Robert E. Jenner, FDR's Republicans: Domestic Political Realignment and American Foreign Policy (Lexington Books, 2010), p. 18.

There was also discrimination against German Americans and Italian Americans due to Germany and Italy being enemy countries during World War I (Germany) and World War II (Germany and Italy). This resulted in a sharp decrease in German- American ethnic identity and a sharp decrease in the use of German in the United States following World War I, which had hitherto been significant, and the internment of German and Italian Americans during World War II; see also World War I anti-German sentiment. Beginning in World War I, German Americans were sometimes accused of having political allegiances to Germany rather than the United States.Hugo Münsterberg's obituary. The Justice Department attempted to prepare a list of all German aliens, counting approximately 480,000 of them, more than 4,000 of whom were imprisoned in 1917–18.

Volume One Preface: The Author has extracted the following Memoirs from the papers of the [fictitious] 17th-century Rector of Woodstock the Rev. J. A. Rochecliffe, D. D. Ch. 1: Nehemiah Holdenough, a Presbyterian minister, is displaced in the pulpit of Woodstock parish church by an Independent [Joseph Tomkins] who is heckled by Josceline Joliffe, a royalist forester. Ch. 2: In the park, Tomkins overhears the staunch royalist Sir Henry Lee and his daughter Alice discussing their family's divided political allegiances. After initially resisting, Sir Henry submits to him as a steward of the Parliamentary Commissioners, and the Lees leave to seek shelter in Joliffe's hut. Ch. 3: Tomkins and Joliffe spar verbally on their way to the Lodge, where Joliffe despatches Phoebe Mayflower to his hut with refreshments.

Siegbahn took B.A. and LL.B. degrees at Uppsala University and entered a career in the Swedish Foreign Office during the years of World War II, serving as a junior diplomat at the Swedish embassies in both Vichy and Washington, D.C. During the 1960s he served as Swedish ambassador in Morocco, also Senegal, and Israel. Politically active as a Social Democrat, he was a member of the First Chamber of the Swedish parliament 1957–1961, but later switched political allegiances and returned to the (now unicameral) Riksdag as a member representing the liberal-conservative (centre-right) Moderate Party 1974–1982. Siegbahn was one of several people to be suspected as the author of a series of political satirical novels published under the pseudonym Bo Baldersson. Bo Siegbahn's wife, Colette, died on 2 December 2007.

The potential drama quickly attracted the broadcast and print media, and controversy rapidly followed. In the Australia of 1964, as in most other Anglo-European cultures, churches were generally conservative, literally parochial in their outlook and areas of pastoral behaviour. The broader social context of the time was rapidly becoming one of debate and division, partly defined by the U.S. involvement in Vietnam which had escalated in the early 60s, becoming a cause celebre amongst large numbers of Western youth, adding to an already perceived polarisation of the generations and of political allegiances. All of this was grist for the mill for the many and disparate voices of the Wayside Chapel; although there were strictly adhered-to rules and guidelines at the chapel to preserve order Ted Noffs allowed, and was enthused by, the seemingly endless dialogue of viewpoints.

After an initial group of about 7,000 United Empire Loyalists were thinly settled across the province in the mid-1780s, a far larger number of "late-Loyalists" arrived in the late 1790s and were required to take an oath of allegiance to the Crown to obtain land if they came from the US. Their fundamental political allegiances were always considered dubious. By 1812, this had become acutely problematic since the American settlers outnumbered the original Loyalists by more than ten to one. Following the War of 1812, the colonial government under Lt. Governor Gore took active steps to prevent Americans from swearing allegiance, thereby making them ineligible to obtain land grants. The tensions between the Loyalists and late Loyalists erupted in the "Alien Question" crisis in 1820–21 when the Bidwells (Barnabas and his son Marshall) sought election to the provincial assembly.

The changing ethnic composition of Australian Catholicism and shifting political allegiances of Australian Catholics saw Catholic layman B.A. Santamaria, the son of Italian immigrants, lead a movement of working class Catholics against Communism in Australia and the formation of his Democratic Labor Party (DLP) in 1955. The DLP was formed over concerns of Communist influence over the trade unions and Labor Party. The movement was not approved by the Vatican, but it siphoned a proportion of the Catholic vote away from the Labor Party, contributing to the success of the newly formed Liberal Party of Robert Menzies, which held power from 1949 to 1972, which, in return for DLP preferences, secured state aid for Catholic schools in Australia in 1963. Along with a sharp decline in sectarianism in post-1960s Australia, sectarian loyalty to political parties has diminished and Catholics have been well represented within the conservative Liberal and National parties.

Ellis recounted an alleged conversation with Rodney Cavalier in which Cavalier was alleged to have stated that Abbott and Costello had been members of the right wing of the Australian Labor Party, and that both had changed political allegiances to the Liberal Party for sexual favours. Further allegations were made against each of their wives as well. The publisher could not produce evidence proving the truth of the allegations and conceded at the trial that each of the allegations were false, eventually recalling the book from sale, but not before 40% of the print run had been sold. Higgins heard the defamation claim in October and November 1998 and delivered his judgment in March 1999. Higgins upheld the plaintiffs’ claims for defamation and awarded damages against the publisher.“Why the litigants prefer Canberra” Valerie Lawson. Sydney Morning Herald, 23 October 1998, p. 27”After the break, who's playing Banquo now?”, David Marr, Sydney Morning Herald, 10 November 1998, p.

Allam is known as a moderate who renounces fanaticismAl Shorfa: "Al-Azhar scholars welcome Egypt's 19th Grand Mufti" By Mohamed Mahmoud February 14, 2013 and does not have any political allegiances. In March 2013, he issued a statement warning that any attack on the Al-Azhar Institution or its head, the Grand Imam Sheikh Ahmed El-Tayeb "undermines Egypt's security" and called on all complaints against Al-Azhar "to be addressed with legitimate and peaceful means." This announcement came after 500 students fell ill with food poisoning in a dormitory at Al Azhar University Nile International TV: "Grand Mufti warns attack on Al-Azhar 'undermines Egypt's security" April 5, 2013 In April 2013, Al Azhar University's Council of Senior Scholars decided to hold elections to replace Al-Azhar University president Usama al-Abd after the same incident.All Africa: "Egypt: Azhar Asks State Council Judges to Oversee Election of University President" April 26, 2013 Contrary to conservative Muslim tradition, Allam believes Muslims can keep dogs as pets.

Adams, John Paul (7 November 2010). "SEDE VACANTE 1277" The difficulty of travel further reduced the number arriving at conclaves. The small electorate magnified the significance of each vote and made it all but impossible to displace familial or political allegiances. Conclaves lasted months and even years. In his 1274 decree requiring the electors be locked in seclusion, Gregory X also limited each cardinal elector to two servants and rationed their food progressively when a conclave reached its fourth and ninth days. The cardinals disliked these rules; Pope Adrian V temporarily suspended them in 1276 and John XXI's Licet felicis recordationis revoked them later that same year. Lengthy elections resumed and continued to be the norm until 1294, when Pope Celestine V reinstated the 1274 rules.Baumgartner 2003, p. 44–46. Long interregna followed: in 1314–1316 during the Avignon Papacy, where the original conclaves were dispersed by besieging mercenaries and not reconvened for almost two years;Levillain 2002, p. 848.

Although writings by Indonesian exiles, including Tan Malaka, Sukarno, Sutan Sjahrir, and Mohammad Hatta, were evident from the 1920s, the most commonly studied form of Indonesian exile literature is of that which resulted from the 30 September Movement coup and its aftermath. Literary tensions between leftist groups such as the Institute of People's Culture (Lekra) and humanist writers were evident from the 1950s; in 1963, the humanists signed the Cultural Manifesto, which sparked great outcry among Lekra and its supporters and led many humanists to emigrate to foreign countries. After the G30S coup attempt, rumored to have been sponsored by the Communist Party of Indonesia, and the resulting anti-Communist pogroms which killed hundreds of thousands, the political situation in Indonesia changed dramatically; the once civil government became a military regime, and the country's political allegiances, previously supporting the East Bloc, became more friendly to the West. These political changes happened in the first quarter of 1966.

The case was circumstantial and based on the word of Mafia turncoat Tommaso Buscetta who had not originally mentioned the allegation about Andreotti when interviewed by Giovanni Falcone.NYT, April 12, 1996 Andreotti Is Back in Court, This Time on Murder ChargeIndependent, 24 September 1995 ALL THE PRIME MINISTER'S MEN Andreotti was acquitted along with his co-defendants in 1999.NYT September 25, 1999, Ex-Premier Andreotti Acquitted of Mafia Murder Conspiracy The prosecution successfully appealed the acquittal and there was a 2002 retrial, in which inconsistent verdicts saw Carminati and defendants accused of setting up the killing being acquitted, while Andreotti was found guilty of ordering the killing, and sentenced to 24 years in prison. Italians of all political allegiances denounced the conviction.Oct 31 2003 Court Clears Andreotti of Murder ChargeNYT, November 19, 2002, Andreotti's Sentence Draws Protests About 'Justice Gone Mad' The Italian supreme court finally cleared Andreotti of the murder in 2003.

Despite the considerable development and biodiversity justifications for setting-up Prodesis, like its predecessor-projects PIDSS and Plan Cañadas, was perceived by (a part of) the population and NGO's (local as well as international) as a counter-insurgency "light" project. Something that sustained this scepticism was the fact that Prodesis focussed extensively on the demographic aspects of "The Chiapas Problem", and hardly referred to the socio-political history of the area where Prodesis was implemented. By blaming the Chiapas conflict on overpopulation in a vulnerable environment, but avoiding political issues connecting to the EZLN, the San Andrés Accords, and the diluted Cocopa law of 2001, many felt these core issues were not being taken seriously by the EC intervention. In particular, Prodesis has found it hard to deal with: (i) the delicate issue of "illegal" settlements within the nucleus of the Reserve; (ii) the considerable tensions between ethnic groups; and (iii) the extremely polarized political allegiances that are found in the area.

A two-step process for recalling past states, proposed by Ross, suggests that: # The current state of attribute or belief is assessed # A theory of stability or change is invoked # Steps 1 and 2 are combined to infer the earlier state of attribute or belief This theory suggests that recollection of past states would be biased if a person's state has changed but they expect no change to have occurred, or if the state has remained constant when a change was expected. For example, an implicit theory of stability is often invoked when assessing political allegiances, therefore if this allegiance actually changes, recollection of past allegiance will be incorrect, and assumed to be the same as the current political identification. An implicit theory of change is invoked when a change in an attribute over time is expected. One example of this is a study by Conway and Ross, which demonstrates that if a change in skill is expected, but there is no actual improvement, people will believe that their past skill state was worse than it was.