The unit is pneumatically activated and is based on a silicon matrix.
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When some soft appendage is called into action, a subset of chambers are pneumatically inflated, resulting in the desired motion.
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"The hand is pneumatically operated and hence the gripping pressure can be controlled by adjusting the air pressure," the article states.
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James Hobson, the man behind YouTube channel The Hacksmith, has made several generations of pneumatically-powered exoskeletons capable of lifting increasingly heavy loads.
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NCT 127 showed off pneumatically intense dance moves firmly in the Wade Robson and Laurieann Gibson traditions; Blackpink's dancing was more tempered, and at times, reluctant.
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How it works: "Shell is implementing programmes, including using infrared cameras to scan for methane emissions, deploying advanced technology to repair leaks, and replacing high-bleed pneumatically-operated controllers with low emission alternatives," the company said Monday.
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She bantered good-naturedly, as is her habit, displaying an unflappable poise and a set of curves pneumatically packaged inside a closefitting top and skirt from the collection she was about to unveil for QVC, which will be introduced in its entirety on March 14.
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You keep confusing the handle that brings the back forward with the handle that dips the chair pneumatically to the floor, you squat like a dwarf with your head barely peeking above the table, while they just walk around, the person who did this to you, completely unaware of the pain they have plunged you into.
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They work pneumatically. After a certain fill level inside this sump is reached, the interface valve opens. The impulse to open the valve is transferred by a pneumatically mechanical controlled controller unit. No electricity is needed to open or close the valve.
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The landing gear consisted of an under-fuselage, pneumatically sprung skid, assisted by a tailskid under the rudder.
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These fingers could be pneumatically elongated from 8 to in length. Roland Burroughs had a college degree in engineering.
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For the ventilation of the motors two – from both cabs –pneumatically controlled blinds were mounted at both sides of the body.
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A longitudinal driver-controlled pneumatically operated differential lock is fitted. Both the front steer-drive axle and the rear drive axles are Axletech rated at 7,000 kg capacity, has fully independent suspension with coil springs. Both axles are fitted with driver-controlled pneumatically operated cross-axle differential locks. Steering is power assisted. Single 14.00 R 20 tyres are standard, rims are 10x20”.
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Pneumatically powered split flaps and leading edge slats were fitted. The outer wing panels had 3° of dihedral. The fabric-covered control surfaces were framed in duralumin.
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Big Shot is a pneumatically powered tower ride, featuring a rapid ascent from an elevation of to . The ride accelerates to . The ride up generates 4Gs during the rapid ascent.
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The jacks, containing the "green coffee", are exported from the country of cultivation where there is the phase of toasting. The production of "Guglielmo Caffè", begins with the "green coffee" and has four stages. 1st stage (Introduction of the green coffee): The coffee, from the hopper of store, is aspirated pneumatically and cleaned from impurities in a separating cyclone. Also pneumatically, it is sent in a silo with ten cells and stored until the next stage.
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As defined by the American Concrete Institute, shotcrete is mortar or concrete conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface. Shotcrete is also called spray-concrete, or spritzbeton (German).
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Screamin' Swing is a pneumatically powered pendulum ride designed and manufactured by S&S; \- Sansei Technologies. The ride was first installed and operated in 2004 at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California, United States.
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Both models were identical, save for the E4 having a pneumatically-operated nose door passageway in order to facilitate crew movement between units in a locomotive consist. All the E4s were retired and scrapped by 1964.
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It then lowers them onto the rubber sleeper cushions, and workers use a pneumatically operated machine to bolt down the Nabla clips with a predetermined torque. The rails are canted inward at a slope of 1 in 20.
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The former S&S; Worldwide logo. Power Tower, an S&S; ride at Cedar Point. S&S; – Sansei Technologies, formerly S&S; Worldwide, is an American company known for its pneumatically powered amusement rides and roller coaster designing.
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In the Romantic Period came a new style of organ building. The organ became larger and louder and pneumatically assisted action became the norm in large instruments, to offset the extreme key weight caused by high wind pressures.
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There was a pneumatically sprung landing skid under the forward fuselage. Two high speed, non-fatal accidents caused by structural failures led to the improved the Sokół bis, the first of which was built in the spring of 1937.
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Pressure driven flow is a method to displace liquids in a capillary or microfluidic channel with pressure. The pressure is typically generated pneumatically by compressed air or other gases (Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, etc) or by electrical and magnetical fields or gravitation.
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While retaining the essential characteristics of the earlier designs, MB 3 included many new features: the fuselage primary structure was still the round steel tube arrangement but metal panels had taken the place of wood and fabric of earlier models. The wing construction integrated torsion-box construction and a laminated steel spar, would give a strong and stiff structure with minimum flexing. Attention to detail extended to a Martin-designed pneumatically- controlled undercarriage that was simple, sturdy, effective and reliable. With the wing flaps also pneumatically operated, the need for hydraulics, with all their attendant operational hazards and maintenance problems, was eliminated.
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Each flap plate has its own pneumatically operated cylinder and solenoid valve. The timing of the valve is controlled by an electronic signal sent to the solenoid valves. This method of operation is the most expensive and allows for accurate timing of the valve.
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In second generation of Kirpi, the Kirpi-2 has fully independent suspension with coil springs, has same axle capacity. Both are fitted with driver-controlled pneumatically operated cross-axle differential locks. Steering is power assisted. Single 14.00 R 20 tyres are standard, rims are 10x20”.
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Bishop & Sons continues to service and maintain the St Giles' organ to this day. The organ underwent restoration in 1890 and again in 1960. Although it has undergone some adaptations, it retains its original mechanical 'tracker' action, albeit operated electro-pneumatically since the 1960 work.
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Doors are four two-wing, pneumatically controlled and opened to the inside. There are seven windows with slide rule and four roof airshafts. The heating system consists from heater on front wall, three heaters in passengers compartment and big aircondition on roof. Roof and sides are isolated.
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Then the graft is attached to the overlying host stroma pneumatically (Fig 3E,F). Air fluid pressure is maintained inside the chamber for 60 seconds and then minimal air is released. The wound is closed with 10-0 monofilament suture and subconjunctival antibiotic steroid injection is given.
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Juni 2015. The EXCOR system includes paracorporeal, pneumatically-driven polyurethane blood pumps. Each pump consists of a blood chamber and an air chamber which are separated by a multilayer flexible membrane. The movement of air in and out of the air chamber is controlled by a driving unit.
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In 2017 a German company made an arm with a soft pneumatically controlled silicone gripper fitted with two rows of suckers. It is able to grasp objects such as a metal tube, a magazine, or a ball, and to fill a glass by pouring water from a bottle.
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The first cylinders were filled with mercury; later, hydraulic oil was used. They were then replaced by pneumatically operated switching elements. In pneumatic axle counting systems, pistons were actuated by specific loads and speeds. They proved limited in application, and therefore from the 1950s onwards were replaced by magnetic contacts.
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Other facilities, called rabbits, are used to pneumatically inject a sample directly into the core of the reactor for a specified amount of time. One of the rabbit facilities is lined with cadmium in order to stop low-energy neutrons while allowing bombardment of the sample with high-energy neutrons.
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The supersonic turbine is made of refractory steel, both the core and the blades. The turbine rotation speed is 20.000 rpm and has a 1,5 MW power. The intake gas temperature is 620 degrees Celsius. The main engine valves are made of 6060 type aluminum and are pneumatically powered, without adjustment.
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Furthermore the flame retardant is stuck to the flocks during the defibration process. After the mill the material is conveyed pneumatically to the dedusting unit, where the dusty air and the cellulose fibers get separated. The finished fibers come to the packaging station, where they will be weight and packaged.
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The Pneumatic Pressurization System has three main functions: # Storage of high pressure He gas. # Supply of operational pressure for propellant tank ullage. # Supply of operating pressure for the actuation of the pneumatically activated valves of the main propulsion (SKD). The system has four spherical pressurizing gas tanks in two separated circuits.
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On earlier IRT equipment, the braking notches were different for a motorman, depending on whether or not he was operating electrically or pneumatically. On Lo-V cars, the notches were identical, regardless of whether or not the electric brake was active. The braking system on a Lo-V car is known as AMUE.
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The circuit breakers that switched these circuits worked under very high power and voltage and were therefore all pneumatically operated for insulation purposes. Compressed air was required to open or close the switch actions and air was also used for the weak-field Cam Switch that also switched under very high currents.
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The circuit breakers that switched these circuits worked under very high power and voltage and were therefore all pneumatically operated for insulation purposes. Compressed air was required to open or close the switch actions and air was also used for the weak-field Cam Switch that also switched under very high currents.
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Price 1982, p. 144. The wing tips used spruce formers for most of the internal structure with a light alloy skin attached using brass screws.Deere 2010, p. 173. The light alloy split flaps at the trailing edge of the wing were also pneumatically operated via a finger lever on the instrument panel.
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A power shear is electrically or pneumatically powered hand tool designed to blank large pieces of sheet metal. They are designed to cut straight lines and relatively large radius curves. They are advantageous over a bandsaw because there is not a size limit. Large versions can cut sheet metal up to 12 gauge.
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The main gearbox contains five speed forward of which all are synchronised and one reverse gear. In addition, the vehicle is equipped with a two-step reduction gear. Both axles are driven and equipped with planetary hub reduction and differential locks. The front axle drive engagement works pneumatically and can be used during driving.
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The organ includes pallets (valves) in the windchest and a mechanical tracker action built by Röver. The stop action is pneumatically operated. Since the organ had never been converted to Baroque style the casing, the pipe material and the technical premises are still completely original. The organ thus preserved its original riches of tone.
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A pneumatically-sprung skid under the nacelle provided the JN 2's landing gear. At the wingtips endplate fins carried balanced rudders. Together these vertical surfaces had an elliptical profile, cropped and reinforced below the wing to protect it on the ground. The rudders could be used conventionally in unison or in opposition as airbrakes.
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Vacuum truck. A vacuum truck or vacuum tanker is a tank truck that has a pump and a tank. The pump is designed to pneumatically suck liquids, sludges, slurries, or the like from a location (often underground) into the tank of the truck. The objective is to enable transport of the liquid material via road to another location.
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Recently Conco has taken a role in the developing field of sculpted shotcrete, which is the use of concrete as a canvas to create shotcrete walls that have structural integrity but are aesthetically pleasing. Shotcrete provides an excellent alternative to traditional cast-in-place walls, and since it is pneumatically placed, greatly reduces labor cost and time.
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This technique enabled (according to the manufacturer's specifications) with optimal road grip transverse accelerations of up to 1.2 g and despite this also offered an above-average high suspension comfort and thus a safer road position. Compared to the standard models, Activa had seats with reinforced side rails, which on the first series (X1) were also pneumatically adjustable.
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Earlier models use hydraulically operated and pneumatically assisted drum brakes. Later K-44's are equipped with S-cam brakes of SAT's own design. SAT advertised that the brakes are especially robust and stable due to their cast-steel shoes and thick anchor pins. The handbrake is operated mechanically against a brake drum mounted directly on the transmission.
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The height of these engines had to be less than 1,000 mm to allow underfloor installation. Usually, the engine was mated with a pneumatically operated mechanical gearbox, due to the low size, mass, and production costs of this design. Some DMUs used hydraulic torque converters instead. Diesel-electric transmission was not suitable for such small engines.
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Bristle blasting tools are fabricated from high-carbon steel wires that protrude through a flexible circular belt. The belt, in turn, is attached to a rotating hub, which is powered by an electric or pneumatically driven spindle. The tool is lightweight, portable, and easily implemented by workers without the need for elaborate set-up or sophisticated safety apparatus.
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The album's songs are "dominated by themes of reminiscence and mortality." Reactions to the album were mixed. Gene Gregorits, writing from the perspective of Wynn's later solo career, called the album "pneumatically morose" and "depressing". Denise Sullivan, writing for AllMusic, gave the album three stars out of five and called it a "very straight-ahead rock album".
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The engine produces 1100 N (240 lb) of thrust. Originally developed with only a central mono pod wheel, tail wheel and small wing tip outriggers, the prototype exhibited directional controllability problems during taxi-tests. The production model of the SubSonex is the JSX-2. The landing gear was changed to a fully retractable, pneumatically-operated, tricycle configuration.
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The Touring version features a pneumatically suspended rear axle. A limited slip differential built by Drexler is optional. The car comes with steel brakes as standard but a composite high performance braking system is optional. The car is fitted with 20-inch forged multi-spoke alloy wheels claimed to save of weight wrapped in Pirelli P Zero tyres developed specially for the car.
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Circuit Check was founded in 1978 as a spin-out of a printed circuit board drilling service bureau, "CircuitDrill." The initial product was test fixtures for bed of nails testers. Over the following years, the company developed innovations for in-circuit test and functional test or FCT. One, the pneumatically-actuated "clamshell" test fixture, electrically probes a circuit board from both sides.
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The setting of these fasteners requires access to both sides of a structure. Solid rivets are driven using a hydraulically, pneumatically, or electromagnetically actuated squeezing tool or even a handheld hammer. Applications where only one side is accessible require "blind" rivets. Solid rivets are also used by some artisans in the construction of modern reproduction of medieval armour, jewellery and metal couture.
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Tamping was historically manual with a long ramming pole, and was very laborious, but modern construction can be made less so by employing pneumatically powered tampers. Hmong house-building technique in the subtropical climate of Vietnam. alt= After a wall is complete, it is sufficiently strong to immediately remove the formwork. This is necessary if a surface texture is to be applied, e.g.
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Since 1988, the plant switched to production modifications ZiU- 682V -012 ( ZiU- 682V0A ) powered DC -213 capacity of 115 kW. Since 1989, changed the shape of the housing radioreaktors roof trolley, it has decreased in size and had a sharp edge. In 1989, production started in parallel transition modification ZiU- 682V0B on which electric drive door opener was replaced pneumatically .
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This function also enables effective detection of misfires, which is an OBD II demand. The fuel injection is fully sequential and is dependent on the MAP (Manifold Absolute Pressure). Boost pressure control (L and R engines) utilises a solenoid valve pneumatically connected to the turbocharger’s waste gate. The system was fitted on models Saab 900, Saab 9000 and Saab 9-3.
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The unit is capable of being fully operational within 48 hours of receipt of tasking. The unit's equipment consists of a 10.6 kW AM band broadcast radio transmitter; a broadcast studio van; antenna tuner; two antennas (a pneumatically raised top-loaded antenna mast and a wire helium balloon antenna); and a 30 kW generator that provides power to the system.
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Handle switches are still used on modern trams and trains. Pneumatically or electrically linked dead-man's controls involve relatively simple modifications of the controller handle, the device that regulates traction power. If pressure is not maintained on the controller, the train's emergency brakes are applied. Typically, the controller handle is a horizontal bar, rotated to apply the required power for the train.
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Standard Lo-V cars also simplified braking for train crews. On IRT equipment, an electric brake could be utilized to synchronize a braking effort and apply each car's brakes simultaneously and uniformly throughout the train. This was different from operating strictly using air (pneumatically), which was less responsive, but would still stop the train albeit more slowly. Lo-V cars simplified the braking process.
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The further development of those models which has replaced them in production is IK-206, with vertical MAN engine. It has 39 passenger seats made of two pieces of plywood (seat and back) on foundation of steel bars and bars for holding. Doors are four two-wing, pneumatically controlled and opened to the inside. There are seven windows with slide rule and four roof airshafts.
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View from the right bank of the Vistula River (2011) The bridge was designed by Aleksander Pstrokoński. Construction began in 1921 and extended more than 10 years because of a financial crisis, effecting the Polish Building Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Budowlane). Foundations were pneumatically positioned with a metal structure above the pillars. The bridge consisted of four spans of over 90 m, with high arches.
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This robot can run up to 15 body length per second and can achieve speeds of up to 2.3 m/s. The original version of this robot was pneumatically driven while the new generation uses a single electric motor for locomotion.S. Kim, J. Clark, and M. Cutkosky, "isprawl: Design and tuning for high-speed autonomous open-loop running," The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 25, no.
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The greater speed of work was credited to the advance in tunnelling techniques and the availability of new pneumatically-powered tools. The new tunnel had a contract price of £196,080. The second Colwall Tunnel was opened to traffic on 2 August 1926, while the old bore was closed on that same day. Like the original Colwall Tunnel, the new bore carries a single track throughout.
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Hamilton-Standard hydromatic variable-pitch propellers were initially fitted. During testing, the propeller blade roots were found to interfere unacceptably with the airflow into the engine. Instead, a French two-position pneumatically actuated Ratier type was substituted. Its blades were manually set to fine pitch before takeoff using a bicycle pump, and in flight they were repositioned automatically to coarse (high-speed) pitch via a pressure sensor.
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Retrieved August 5, 2013. During the 20th century, roller mills were designed to extract flour from wheat in a process that was more economical than the age-old grinding of grain between two stones. Today, wheat grains are run through two rollers of different sizes that operate at varying speeds. They are then pneumatically lifted and repeatedly sent through the rollers until fully processed.
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The rate/degree of lockup is mechanically/pneumatically controlled and preset before each run according to various conditions, in particular track surface. Wheelbases are between . The car must maintain a ground clearance. Horsepower claims vary widely—from 6,978 to 8,897—but are probably around 8,000 HP. Supercharged, nitromethane-fueled motors of this type also have a very high torque, which is estimated at about .
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Various stations for holding items to be irradiated are located inside the core or directly adjacent to the core. Samples may be lowered into the core from above or delivered pneumatically via horizontal tubes from outside the tank at core level. Evacuated, or helium filled horizontal tubes may also be installed to direct a beam of neutrons to targets situated at a distance from the reactor hall.
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In December 2014 a 2-million- shekel urban art installation was unveiled in Valero Square. Titled "Vorayda" (Kurdish for "flower"), the installation includes four huge red nylon flowers resembling poppies posted atop metal trunks, which "open and shut pneumatically under the influence of movement and sound under and around them". Within two months, however, the nylon petals had been "seriously damaged by rain, wind, snow and pollution".
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It allows the BMW M4 DTM to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in about three seconds. Only ten engines are permitted for all eight BMWs over the course of the entire season. Therefore, reliability is a prerequisite to success. The engine's power is transferred via a sequential six-speed sport gearbox, which is operated pneumatically using shift paddles mounted on the steering wheel.
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By May 1930 the fleet totalled 130 buses and coaches, the most recent arrivals being 14 AEC Reliance 95 hp 32 seater single decker buses of the "most modern" design. Dual-doored, the front was Simplex pneumatically controlled. The interior featured oak panelling throughout, Induroleum floor covering, chrome fittings, a Holt patent heater, and the bucket type leather upholstered seats. There was still a rear smoker's compartment, now just seating 10.
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It has four gears and an additional planetary two-speed box, resulting in eight total gears. The gearbox shifts its gears pneumatically, and has a single gear leaver with a traditional H-shift pattern for all eight gears. When shifting from fourth into fifth, the main gearbox shifts from its fourth gear into its first gear, and the planetary gearbox shifts from its first into its second gear.
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The Yak-52, like most Soviet military aircraft, was designed to operate in rugged environments with minimal maintenance. One of its key features, unusual in western aircraft, is its extensive pneumatic system. Engine starting, landing gear, flaps, and wheel brakes are all pneumatically actuated. Spherical storage bottles for air, replenished by an engine driven compressor, are situated behind the rear cockpit and contents displayed on the instrument panels.
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Nose wheel steering is electronically controlled by the rudder pedals, utilizing the synchro principle. Hydraulic pressure for retraction and extension of the gear is transmitted by a system of tubing, hoses and actuating cylinders and is electrically controlled by limit switches and solenoid valves. Emergency extension can be accomplished pneumatically in case of hydraulic or electrical system failure. The main gear is enclosed by two doors after retraction.
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The fuselage tapered aft to a narrow, integral fin which carried a fabric-covered, roughly D-shaped unbalanced rudder. The fin also mounted, a little above the fuselage, a narrow, ply-covered tailplane carrying rounded, fabric-covered elevators with a gap for rudder movement. The landing gear consisted of an under- fuselage, pneumatically sprung skid, assisted by a tailskid. When competed, the SG-7s were overweight, reducing their predicted performance.
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The pivoting mechanism had a double-ball bearing unit on the inboard end with main loads transferred to a needle roller bearing at the outboard end of the fixed wing. Anti-balance tabs were fitted along trailing edges along with small pneumatically actuated flaps under the inboard sections. When the elevons were rotated in the same direction they functioned as elevators; when rotated in opposite directions they functioned as ailerons.
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Stained glass windows were the design and manufacture of Messrs RS Exton and Co of Brisbane. The supervisor of the stone work was Mr FJ Fuller of Toowoomba, and other building works were supervised by Mr FJ Corbett of Brisbane. St Mary's was constructed at a cost of £40,000. When built, St Mary's incorporated electrical lighting, a fine set of stations of the Cross, and a pneumatically blown organ.
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At launch, the first stage engine (Merlin) is ignited and throttled to full power while the launcher is restrained and all systems are verified by the flight computer. If the systems are operating correctly, the rocket is released and clears the tower in about seven seconds. The first-stage burn lasts about 2 minutes and 49 seconds. Stage separation is accomplished with explosive bolts and a pneumatically actuated pusher system.
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8-car Bristol Pullman set arriving at Bristol Temple Meads on 5 May 1973 (the final day of operation). The sets had a maximum speed of . The fixed couplings reduced much of the jerky movement experienced by conventionally buffered carriages and allowed smooth acceleration and stable running. The bogies had hydraulically damped helical springs, and the axles were pneumatically braked in a two-stage system, allowing highly controlled stopping.
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The designers planned to introduce a heating system for the engine compartment and MC-1 diesel fuel filter. The engine was to be started pneumatically with the use of an AK-150S charger and an electric starter. This eliminated the need for the tank to carry a tank filled with air. To allow easier access during maintenance and repairs, it was decided to change hatches over the engine compartment.
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The dry mix method involves placing the dry ingredients into a hopper and then conveying them pneumatically through a hose to the nozzle. The nozzleman controls the addition of water at the nozzle. The water and the dry mixture is not completely mixed, but is completed as the mixture hits the receiving surface. This requires a skilled nozzleman, especially in the case of thick or heavily reinforced sections.
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Driveline is completed by an Allison 3000 six-speed fully automatic transmission coupled to an Axletech two-speed transfer box with selectable 4x2 or 4x4 drive. A longitudinal driver-controlled pneumatically operated differential lock is fitted. Both the front steer-drive axle and the rear drive axles are Axletech rated at 9,500 kg capacity and sprung by the combination of parabolic leaf springs, telescopic shock-absorbers, and an anti-roll bar.
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The control unit is the system used for operating the machine. The control unit is responsible for processing the information on the desired welding inputs such as force, power, and heating time, and instructing the other components of the machine to satisfy these process parameters. Some controllers are capable of monitoring outputs and adjusting parameters to ensure satisfactory welding. The press (or actuator) supplies the clamping force pneumatically or hydraulically.
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388x388px DESI is a combination of electrospray (ESI) and desorption (DI) ionization methods. Ionization takes place by directing an electrically charged mist to the sample surface that is a few millimeters away. The electrospray mist is pneumatically directed at the sample where subsequent splashed droplets carry desorbed, ionized analytes. After ionization, the ions travel through air into the atmospheric pressure interface which is connected to the mass spectrometer.
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When this condition is achieved the hot plate is removed, and the parts are pressed together and held until the weld joint cools and re-solidifies to create a permanent bond. Hot- plate welding equipment is typically controlled pneumatically, hydraulically, or electrically with servo motors. This process is used to weld automotive under hood components, automotive interior trim components, medical filtration devices, consumer appliance components, and other car interior components.
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Today, some sources estimate that only about 750 of the single machines and fewer than 100 of the Double Mills still exist, while other sources estimate that several thousand machines survive. However, the Violano- Virtuoso have the highest survival rate of any type of player piano; they required little maintenance when they were first produced and that is still the case for those that survive. A common player piano operates pneumatically.
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Big Shot is a pneumatically powered tower ride. It was at one time the world's highest amusement ride in terms of overall elevation above ground level. The tower is built atop the high deck of the Stratosphere in Las Vegas, Nevada. The world's highest amusement ride in terms of overall elevation above ground level is currently the Sky Drop built atop the high deck of the Canton Tower in Guangzhou.
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Faulty production can be easily avoided. The fine balancing procedure called multi-balance aids in almost eliminating the residual imbalances in tumbler screening machines, thus leading to less risk of vibration and resonance effects in steel fabrications or concrete buildings. The highly flexible docking system uses pneumatically operated lifting system with lifting rods and puts no additional weight on machine. It accelerates the process of inspection/ changing of screen significantly.
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Therefore, reliability is a prerequisite to success. The engine's power is transferred via a sequential six-speed sport gearbox, which is operated pneumatically using shift paddles mounted on the steering wheel. The gearbox is one of the standard components, which are used by all the DTM manufacturers. It has 11 final drive ratios, which allow the engineers and drivers to react to the respective circuit and engine characteristics when setting the car up.
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These stations have internally mounted launchers (LAU-116/A) that use ejection for launching. The rapidly expanding gases, created by impulse cartridges, actuate ejector pistons and release the missile from the launcher.Patent US 8353237 The missile is propelled to a safe distance before it ignites its rocket motor. Stealth aircraft such as the F-22 use extensible launchers that are pneumatically actuated and are either rail (LAU-141/A) or ejector (LAU-142/A) types.
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The tail unit is of a cantilever monoplane style, using an all-metal tailplane and fin while the aerodynamically-balanced rudder and elevators use a metal frame covered with fabric. The undercarriage was hydraulically-retracted, with an auxiliary hand-pump for emergency actuation; medium-pressure tyres were used, complete with pneumatically-actuated differentially-control brakes.Oughton 1971, p. 177. The Blenheim typically carried a crew of three – pilot, navigator/bombardier and wireless (radio) operator/air gunner.
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The doors were initially pneumatically controlled, but this proved unreliable, and from 1908 the doors were hand operated by the passengers. These hand-operated sliding doors were often left opened in warm weather, and passengers would open doors on moving trains in an attempt to jump on. First- and third-class accommodation was provided in open saloons, seating covered with rattan in third class and plush in first. Electric lighting was provided.
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A FlowFET provides a way of controlling microfluidic flow in a way that uses no moving parts. This is in stark contrast to other solutions including pneumatically-actuated peristaltic pumps such as presented by Wu et al. Fewer moving parts allows less opportunity for mechanical breakdown of a microfluidic device. This may be increasingly relevant as large future iterations of large microelectronic fluidic (MEF) arrays continue to increase in size and complexity.
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Tools, such as hooks or socket wrenches can be mounted at the end of the pole. More sophisticated poles can accept pneumatically or hydraulically driven power tools which allow, for example, bolts to be unscrewed remotely. A rotary wire brush allows a terminal to be scoured clean before a connection is made. However, a worker's dexterity is naturally reduced when operating tools at the end of a pole that is several metres long.
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In 1799, George Medhurst of London discussed the idea of moving goods pneumatically through cast iron pipes, and in 1812, he proposed blowing passenger carriages through a tunnel.R. A. Buchanan, The Atmospheric Railway of I.K. Brunel, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 22, No. 2, Symposium on 'Failed Innovations' (May 1992), pp. 231–2. Medhurst proposed two alternative systems: either the vehicle itself was the piston, or the tube was relatively small with a separate piston.
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The cantilever gull wings were constructed as a divided pair, with diagonal supplementary spars and plywood skinned leading edge D torsion box. The fuselage was constructed as a semi-monocoque shell, with integral fin carrying the rudder and all-flying tailplane. A pneumatically-sprung nose skid formed the undercarriage. Production continued until the outbreak of World War II, with most aircraft being destroyed except for examples confiscated by the German and Soviet authorities.
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Primary braking system is electro-pneumatically actuated disc brakes, which is blended with the Dynamic brakes. Speed Probes on every axle of the unit provide for Wheel Slip/Slide Protection. A solid- state Auxiliary Converter provides 110 V DC and 240 V AC supplies; this is the source of the loud buzzing noise which can be heard when the train is stationary. The Aux Converter is located on the driving trailer, along with the toilet.
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Retrieved April 18, 2006. Lawrence Patrick, then a professor at Wayne State University, endured some 400 rides on a rocket sled in order to test the effects of rapid deceleration on the human body. He and his students allowed themselves to be hit in the chest with heavy metal pendulums, impacted in the face by pneumatically driven rotary hammers, and sprayed with shattered glass to simulate window implosion.Roach, Mary (November 19, 1999).
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Rail borne cement is handled in four wheel tankers and cement is discharged pneumatically. Cement has always been transported by road, however with the growth of ready-mixed concrete plants from the 1960s onwards, and the rationalising of the railway network, road haulage has grown in importance, with both Ketton's own fleet of trucks as well as external hauliers used to transport finished cement products both in bulk tankers and palletised in curtainside vehicles.
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The stabilizer unit consisted of two parts, a box containing two gyroscopes, and a pneumatically powered frame that kept the range unit flat in comparison to the ground. In modern terminology this would be known as an inertial platform. One advantage of the SABS compared to similar devices like the Norden was the automatic "erection" system. Gyroscopes have no preferred direction of rotation and will hold whatever angle they initially started up in.
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Ash pits and water columns that were part of the yard have also been removed. There is only one "yard controller" remaining within the Yard. Previously, at least two Signal Boxes would have been located in the Yard at any one time, but these have been removed due to the mechanical interlocking system being computerised and pneumatically operated. The Yard buildings have been altered significantly since the Eastern Carriage Shed was demolished.
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Both primary and secondary suspension are by coil spring with shock absorbers. The transmission system uses a bogie mounted traction motor (one per axle) connected to the wheelset via a hollow shaft drive and flexible coupling, traction forces are tranmissed by low-lying rods connected to the bogie frame. Mechanical braking is by pneumatically operated disc brakes on each axle. The external design takes into account the minimisation of pressure pulses when passing other trains.
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The M61 Vulcan is a hydraulically, electrically or pneumatically driven, six- barrel, air-cooled, electrically fired Gatling-style rotary cannon which fires 20 mm rounds at an extremely high rate (typically 6,000 rounds per minute). The M61 and its derivatives have been the principal cannon armament of United States military fixed-wing aircraft for sixty years. The M61 was originally produced by General Electric. After several mergers and acquisitions, it is currently produced by General Dynamics.
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Demonstration of a blowgun by a Yahua hunter A blowgun (also called a blowpipe or blow tube) is a simple ranged weapon consisting of a long narrow tube for shooting light projectiles such as darts. It operates by having the projectile placed inside the pipe and using the force created by forced exhalation ("blow") to pneumatically propel the projectile. The propulsive power is limited by the strength of the user's respiratory muscles and the vital capacity of their lungs.
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Mechanical breaching also includes hydraulic breaching, which uses a special hydraulic ram to overcome the lock. The hydraulic ram may be powered manually, pneumatically, or electrically. More dynamic methods (kinetic breaching) use force to break the lock or door. The common methods are to use a lever, such as a Halligan bar or crowbar, or to use a tool to concentrate a large amount of force on the door, such as a sledgehammer, hydraulic jack, or battering ram.
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The Real Goods retail store was located at the center of the SLC grounds. It was a 5,000 square foot building made of strawbales and pneumatically impacted stabilized earth (PISE), and was designed using passive solar principles so that it requires little additional heat and light beyond what is provided by the sun. The Real Goods retail store is open to the public for shopping, and also houses Real Goods' e-commerce and order fulfillment operations.
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They first appeared in the 1900s, when they were actuated either mechanically or pneumatically. In 1908, Alfredo Barrachini in Rome added electric lights inside the arms that turned on as they extended, but operation was still by a cable system. Electric operation came in 1918 when the Naillik Motor Signal Company of Boston added electric motor drive. This system was superseded by two French inventors, Gustave Deneef and Maurice Boisson, who used a linear solenoid in 1923.
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The Tonophone, played by a pinned cylinder instead of being operated by direct mechanical linkages, was pneumatically operated. The cylinder pins lifted levers which opened valves to a pneumatic mechanism which operated the piano. First shown at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition, the Tonophone won a gold medal at the exhibition, and went on to be a commercial success. Today, there are thought to be fewer than four complete and working Tonophones left in the world.
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The clam-shell door, or cascade, system is pneumatically operated. When activated, the doors rotate to open the ducts and close the normal exit, causing the thrust to be directed forward. The cascade thrust reverser is commonly used on turbofan engines. On turbojet engines, this system would be less effective than the target system, as the cascade system only makes use of the fan airflow and does not affect the main engine core, which continues to produce forward thrust.
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On the NN 2 the pilot sat, completely exposed, on a seat attached the sloping, most forward cross-member and with controls on an extension of the lower longeron. That longeron also carried the forward end of a pneumatically- sprung, broad, landing skid. In contrast, the pilot of the NN 2bis had an open cockpit within a nacelle with vertical sides which reached from nose to the wing trailing edge. The cross-member above the nacelle was faired in.
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The power was transmitted over a hydraulic drive, followed by an electro-mechanical gearbox to one axle. A pneumatically operated axle-mounted reverse gearbox allowed directional control. The electrical systems of the powered car were supplied by a 24 V / 1.2 kW alternator, those of the trailers by generators which were driven from the axle by a belt. The latter proved insufficient so that the powered cars were later equipped with two alternators working in parallel.
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Each circuit connects two tanks, and has its individual pressure transducer, valves, pressure regulator and electrically actuated valves. The circuits are separated by two squib actuated valves that enable to share both circuits, to use a single one, or to use both systems independently. The Helium is stored initially at and is regulated to , with a maximum pressure of and a minimum of , which is the minimum required pressure to activate the pneumatically actuated valves of the SKD.
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The Birney Car also introduced the use of pneumatically balanced and interlocked doors. If a door was stuck open, or a passenger or other object blocked the door, the motors could not be started. The controls on the Birney Car also included an early application of the "deadman control". This device removed power from the car's motors and applied the air brakes if the controller handle was released for any reason, causing the car to come to an abrupt stop.
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As a result, the tail of the rivet is compressed and work-hardened. At the same time the work is tightly drawn together and retained between the rivet head and the flattened tail (now called the shop head, or buck-tail, to distinguish it from the factory head). Nearly all rivet guns are pneumatically powered. Those rivet guns used to drive rivets in structural steel are quite large while those used in aircraft assembly are easily held in one hand.
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Like other photoplayers, the Bartola was designed around an upright piano, and consisted of several ranks of organ pipes and various percussion instruments and sound effects housed in a case, all installed in the theatre's orchestra pit. There were four models. The larger ones had several cases-one for organ pipe ranks and the other for percussions and sound effects. The traps and other percussions were powered directly by electric solenoids and not pneumatically as was the case with most other photoplayers.
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For vacuum- or pneumatically operated zone valves, the thermostat usually switches the pressure or vacuum on or off, causing a spring-loaded rubber diaphragm to move and actuate the valve. Unlike the electrical zone valves, these valves automatically return to the default position without the application of any power, and the default position is usually "open", allowing heat to flow. Highly sophisticated systems may use some form of building automation such as BACnet or LonWorks to control the zone valves.
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The wing tips could rotate to control roll. The system was pneumatically powered and could be turned on and off in flight to test its efficiency. On its first flight and for early tests, the H.100 was powered by two Régnier 4EO four cylinder inverted air-cooled engines. The aircraft was damaged in a take-off accident on 3 September 1955 and during a prolonged rebuild the Régnier's were replaced with much more powerful Lycoming O-360 flat-four engines.
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KTM-1 is a Soviet-made two-axle tram with a body made of solid metal, while KTP-1 is a two-axle trailer car to intended to work under KTM-1 traction. It was the first Soviet-made tram to be originally single ended, as well as designated to work on looped (not dead-end) lines. Also, it was a first Soviet-made tram with wide four-segment folding doors and bigger passenger storage spaces. Doors were driven pneumatically.
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300px The Cannone da 381/50 Ansaldo M1934 was a , 50-caliber naval gun designed and built for the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) by Gio. Ansaldo & C. in the 1930s. The gun served as the main armament of Italy's last battleships, the . These built-up guns consisted of a liner, a cylinder over the chamber and part of the rifle bore, a full-length cylinder, and a 3/4 length jacket with a hydro-pneumatically operated side-swinging Welin breech block.
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Although the technology is primarily pneumatically (gas) operated, there is nothing that prevents the technology from also being hydraulically (liquid) operated. Using an incompressible fluid increases system rigidity and reduces compliant behavior. In 2017, such a device was presented by Bridgestone and the Tokyo Institute of Technology,Development of a Hydraulic Drive High-Power Artificial Muscle through the Cabinet Office Tough Robotics Challenge with a claimed strength-to-weight ratio five to ten times higher than for conventional electric motors and hydraulic cylinders.
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The logo of Tour Montparnasse Built on top of the Montparnasse – Bienvenüe Paris Métro station, the building has 59 floors. The 56th floor, 200 metres from the ground, houses a restaurant called le Ciel de Paris,le Ciel de Paris and the terrace on the top floor, are open to the public for viewing the city. The view covers a radius of ; aircraft can be seen taking off from Orly Airport. The guard rail, to which various antennae are attached, can be pneumatically lowered.
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The Pneumatically Stabilized Platform was originally proposed for constructing a new floating airport for San Diego in the Pacific Ocean, at least three miles off the tip of Point Loma. However, this proposed design was rejected in October, 2003 due to high cost, the difficulty in accessing such an airport, the difficulty in transporting jet fuel, electricity, water, and gas to the structure, failure to address security concerns such as a bomb blast, inadequate room for high- speed exits and taxiways, and environmental concerns.
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While in Sawbridgeworth, Cosby married Josephine Collins, the daughter of a local doctor. In the 1920s Cosby was frustrated by poor quality lathes available and resolved to produce his own design for a cheap but effective production lathe with pneumatically actuated headstock and tailstock and its own electric drive. In 1929 he was trading as Smallpeice Ltd, and moved the company to Foleshill Rd, Coventry where he shared premises with Cromwell Engineering. The collaboration allowed the production in 1929 of the Smallpeice Multicut production lathe.
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If it is, then the control unit activates a solenoid valve that directs boost pressure to the turbocharger's pneumatically controlled wastegate, that opens to bypass exhaust gases from the turbocharger directly to the exhaust pipe, lowering turbo boost pressure until the knock subsides. Knock events that are managed by the APC can be "seen" when the in-dash boost needle "twitches" slightly. The APC unit has a 'knock' output where an LED may be connected. This LED will then light up if knock is detected.
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The annular lift fan concept uses two parallel annular fans counter-rotating about the central fuselage.(see plan view) The two fans are incorporated in an annular duct, separated by a baffle, but coupled by the gears in the baffle to counter- rotate and eliminate torque. During VTOL, the outer fan is driven pneumatically or mechanically by the jet engines in the outer wing. As the annular fan area can be made large enough, low disc loading and high hovering efficiency can be achieved in hover.
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Electro-pneumatic chests, however, frequently have sealed wood channels (tubes) in their wooden structural elements and bottom boards, usually consisting of wind channels running between the pipe valve and the primary with its electromagnets. Organ builders harnessed the difference in air pressures inside and outside the organ to do heavier work, taking the weak force of an electromagnet and multiplying its effect pneumatically to pull open pipe valves. In a sense, therefore, part of the tubular-pneumatic heritage was developed in later non-tracker organ building.
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A building that changes shape by ORAMBRA. Tristan d'Estree Sterk of The Bureau For Responsive ArchitectureThe Office for Robotic Architectural Media & Bureau For Responsive Architecture (ORAMBRA) and The School of the Art Institute of Chicago The School of the Art Institute of Chicago and Robert Skelton of UCSD in San DiegoRobert Skelton. Retrieved 14 March 2007. are working together on actuated tensegrity, experimenting with pneumatically controlled rods and wires which change the shape of a building in response to sensors both outside and inside the structure.
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The wings of SpaceShipOne can be pneumatically tilted forwards into an aerodynamically stable high-drag "feathered" shape. This removes most of the need to actively control attitude during the early part of reentry: Scaled Composites refer to this as "care-free reentry". One of the early test flights actually performed re-entry inverted, demonstrating the flexibility and inherent stability of Burt Rutan's "shuttlecock" design. This feathered reentry mode is claimed to be inherently safer than the behavior at similar speeds of the Space Shuttle.
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Cutaway diagram of an angle valve An angle seat piston valve is a pneumatically-controlled valve with a piston actuator providing linear actuation to lift a seal off its seat. The seat is set at an angle to provide the maximum possible flow when unseated. Angle seat piston valves are particularly suited to applications where high temperatures and large flow rates are required, such as steam or water. When used in reverse some models of angle seat piston valve will eliminate water hammer when operated.
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The bodywork in general was also lower on the Mk III C, with exception of the vehicle's fenders. Mechanically, the Mk III C's transmission was a major improvement from the older car. A new 6-speed gearbox built by X-Trac was part of the package, replacing the previous 5-speed. This gearbox was further enhanced by the option of a pneumatically actuated gear change system developed by Megaline which was activated by paddles behind the steering wheel, rather than by a traditional gear stick.
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Two-axled powder wagon for building materials (cement, lime) The powder wagon is a special form of bulk goods wagon designed to transport goods in powder form. These wagons are pneumatically unloaded, usually by using compressed air. For goods that might react with oxygen in the compressed air, nitrogen is used instead. These wagons are used for bulk commodities, such as cement, that are so fine-grained they cannot be poured, or at least do not pour very well, and so cannot be emptied under gravity.
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In the first automatic horizontal flask lines the sand was shot or slung down on the pattern in a flask and squeezed with hydraulic pressure of up to 140 bars. The subsequent mold handling including turn-over, assembling, pushing-out on a conveyor were accomplished either manually or automatically. In the late fifties hydraulically powered pistons or multi-piston systems were used for the sand compaction in the flasks. This method produced much more stable and accurate molds than it was possible manually or pneumatically.
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In addition to the crew, an attached infantry section of nine is carried in the fighting compartment of the vehicle. There are three firing ports with vision blocks on either side of the fighting compartment. Passenger capacity may be reduced to six or seven if additional ammunition racks or radio equipment is carried. The infantry section debarks from three large, pneumatically sealed doors on either side of the hull and at the rear; it is also provided with five forward access hatches on the hull roof.
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Torsion siege engine pieces were probably invented in Macedonia, shortly before the times of Alexander III. These were driven by the torsion of a spring made of an appropriate organic material, usually sinew or hair, human or horse. Stone-throwing torsion-powered machines had their first recorded use in 332 BC at the siege of Tyre by Alexander. Although other power systems such as metal springs and pneumatically powered machines were experimented with by Ctesibius - according to Philo - there is no record of their actual use.
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The C301 is built with stainless steel carbody and is hence unpainted save for a blue stripe running across the train exterior and the DORTS logo. The front profile of the C301, as compared to the later Siemens- built cars, is curved as opposed to being straight. The train uses pneumatically-controlled doors and features a round door opening indicator. To inform passengers of the direction of the train service, LED displays that display the terminus of the train service are also mounted on the side windows.
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In the course of developing active exoskeletons, the Institute also developed theory to aid in the analysis and control of the human gait. Some of this work informed the development of modern high-performance humanoid robots. In 1972, an active exoskeleton for rehabilitation of paraplegics that was pneumatically powered and electronically programmed was tested at Belgrade Orthopedic Clinic. Exoskeleton being developed by DARPA In 1985, an engineer at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) proposed an exoskeleton called Pitman, a powered suit of armor for infantrymen.
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In DESI, there is a high-velocity pneumatically assisted electrospray jet that is continually directed towards the probe surface. The jet forms a micrometer-size thin solvent film on the sample where it can be desorbed. The sample can be dislodged by the incoming spray jet allowing for particles to come off in an ejection cone of analyte containing secondary ion droplets. A lot of study is still going into looking at the working principals of DESI but there are still some things known.
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Electric rotary valve actuator controlling a butterfly valve A rotary actuator is an actuator that produces a rotary motion or torque. The simplest actuator is purely mechanical, where linear motion in one direction gives rise to rotation. The most common actuators are electrically powered; others may be powered pneumatically or hydraulically, or use energy stored in springs. The motion produced by an actuator may be either continuous rotation, as for an electric motor, or movement to a fixed angular position as for servomotors and stepper motors.
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Condit dam was required to discharge at least 15 ft³/s (0.4 m³/s) to keep the river channel viable. Surplus water was used by the turbines for electrical power generation and returned to the river about a mile downstream. Additional flow beyond what the turbines could use was discharged through five tainter gates and two sluice gates. The dam crest had a pneumatically actuated hinged crestgate which was designed to fail catastrophically as a safety relief when flow exceeds 18000 ft³/s (510 m³/s).
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A chain elevator lifted grain from the ground floor to the grain silos on the third floor (first floor in the smock) from where it could be fed by gravity to one of the pairs of millstones. The grain flow to the silos and from silo to millstone was computer controlled by pneumatically operated valves. Also a central dust extraction system was added. Flour was collected on the first floor in a large silo and mixer from where it could be bagged on the ground floor.
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The main difference between those three models is that IK-201 has MAN engine, IK-202 has RABA engine and IK-203 has Mercedes engine. The further development of those models which has replaced them in production is IK-206, with vertical MAN engine which has replaced IK-202 from production. It has 39 passenger seats made of two pieces of plywood (seat and back) on foundation of steel bars and bars for holding. Doors are four two-wing, pneumatically controlled and opened to the inside.
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Paper rolls on the other hand are "key-less" and are generally only read by pneumatic pressure or suction. Some mechanical organs, particularly those of German manufacture by firms such as Gbr Bruder and Ruth, play keyless cardboard book music, operating pneumatically. The disadvantage of book music, compared to paper rolls, is the increased size and weight to store an equivalent amount of music. The major advantage of book music, however, is that it is sturdy and not subject to expansion and contraction with humidity.
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If it was not "cut in" or failed en route, the system could still be manipulated to apply the brakes pneumatically. This would still allow the train to stop, but deceleration would take longer such as on the older AM(P) schedule braking. However, in AMRE, the notches in the brake stand to cause this pneumatic application are completely separate from the notches to cause an electric application. Therefore, if a motorman with a defective or inactive electric AMRE brake were to electrically apply the brakes, nothing would happen.
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The second time the unit was activated, it was as the 680th Bombardment Squadron in December 1944 as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress very heavy bombardment squadron at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico.Maurer, Combat Squadrons. p. 705 The 680th was equipped with later-model B-29As, with only minor differences than the original B-29 model built by Boeing with some revised engine nacelles and pneumatically-operated bomb-bay doors which could be snapped shut in less than a second. When its training at Alamogordo was completed.
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The primary mission of the Defiant was the destruction of incoming enemy bombers. The principal armament of the aircraft is its powered dorsal turret, equipped with four 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine guns. The fuselage was fitted with aerodynamic fairings that helped mitigate the drag of the turret; they were pneumatically powered and could be lowered into the fuselage so that the turret could rotate freely. The Brownings were electrically fired and insulated cut-off points in the turret ring prevented the guns firing when they were pointing at the propeller disc or tailplane.
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The wall adjacent to stall #40, on the eastern side of the building, contains four sets of windows, and the outer circumference of the building has two sets of windows for each stall. There is one fire wall (between stalls #32 and #33) without windows (which stopped the 2001 fire from destroying the roof of stalls 33-40), and the wall adjacent to stall #24 does not have windows, since it was originally intended to serve as a second interior fire wall. As originally constructed, the turntable was pneumatically operated with a diameter of .
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The machine is pneumatically operated, controlled by a perforated paper roll. The organ is mounted on a four-wheel timber carriage, acquired from a farm in NSW and converted for this purpose.Godden Mackay Heritage Consultants, April 1997 The Darling Harbour Carousel is a rare, complete and intact example of an Edwardian carousel, and is representative of a wider variety of similar machines. The Darling Harbour Carousel retains its steam engine and original workings, and demonstrates the methods of construction and operation that are associated with the "golden age" of carousels (1890s and 1920s).
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Furthermore, in some types, in the event of some force causing the seat mechanism to dissipate (such as extreme heat from fire outside the valve), the ball will float all the way to metal body which is designed to seal against the ball providing a somewhat failsafe design. Manually operated ball valves can be closed quickly and thus there is a danger of water hammer. Some ball valves are equipped with an actuator that may be pneumatically, hydraulically or motor operated. These valves can be used either for on/off or flow control.
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Bars installed using drilling techniques are usually fully grouted and installed at a slight downward inclination with bars installed at regularly spaced points across the slope face. A rigid facing (often pneumatically applied concrete, otherwise known as shotcrete) or isolated soil nail head plates may be used at the surface. Alternatively a flexible reinforcing mesh may be held against the soil face beneath the head plates. Rabbit proof wire mesh and environmental erosion control fabrics and may be used in conjunction with flexible mesh facing where environmental conditions dictate.
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The locomotive, DCP4818, and the first carriage, SWG3422, derailed. Only minor injuries were reported, but the slip and the derailed rolling stock blocked the line, preventing services operating until Sunday evening. The accident highlighted a flaw in the design of the pneumatically-operated interior doors in the SW carriages, which stuck in position when the compressed air supply was lost as a result of the locomotive being shut down. Three people were needed to open them by hand, sparking concerns that the carriages could not be evacuated quickly in the event of a fire.
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However, due to the car's longer 67-foot length and resultant overhang, crossing between cars was dangerous, particularly on curves. Therefore, storm doors were kept locked on Standards, although in emergencies, they could be opened pneumatically by the conductor from the button board. For emergencies, the cars also featured emergency brake cords like other subway cars, but added an emergency alarm which could be activated to notify the train crew in case of emergency. Electric tail lights and running lights were introduced to the subway with the Standards.
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Drums are also prone to "bell mouthing" and trap worn lining material within the assembly, both causes of various braking problems. The disc is usually made of cast iron, but may in some cases be made of composites such as reinforced carbon–carbon or ceramic matrix composites. This is connected to the wheel and/or the axle. To slow down the wheel, friction material in the form of brake pads, mounted on the brake caliper, is forced mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically, or electromagnetically against both sides of the disc.
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Pneumatically driven engraving systems, such as the Gravermeister, developed by GRS Tools, may be used to replace or supplement hand-powered engraving, but the guiding of these powered tools is still provided by the artist. Other metals (especially gold and silver) may be inlaid and engraved to further the design. Designs usually consist of elaborate scroll-work based upon Acanthus leaves or vines, or may be of purely abstract spirals. Before the development of corrosion resistant surface treatments for steel, gun surfaces were engraved to retain more oil to prevent rust.
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The earliest designs used various ingenious and patented methods to interlock the levers. In later electro-mechanical interlocking, where the points and signals were moved by electricity or electro-pneumatically, the signal frames had much smaller levers. Every interlocking installation is individual and unique to the location controlled, and the location and configuration of signal frames at a particular train station may vary over time, as needs change. McKenzie and Holland (originally McKenzie, Clunes & Holland) were one of the earliest signalling contractors in Britain and supplied many railway companies.
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In 1987, large parts of the administration and production were relocated to Kenzingen, while dyeing remained in Freiburg on Kartäuserstraße. A number of company buildings were given new uses, including the Südwestrundfunk radio station. After 2000, dyeing was abandoned and the site was rebuilt in 2007. In Freiburg, the company Michael Welte and Söhne had its company headquarters (founded in 1832 in Vöhrenbach in the Black Forest, moved to Freiburg in 1873, destroyed by the bombing in 1944 and extinguished in 1952.) It manufactured pneumatically controlled music automatons, above all orchestrions.
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Jelcz also had a dual-circuit brake that worked on the front axle and rear axle; the emergency brake and parking brake were pneumatic, working in the rear axle. The engine brake was activated pneumatically by cutting off the fuel injection and exhaust flow throttling. Lowering the front wall of the cab resulted in lower drag, and therefore had better handling on the road. Under the floor of the bus there is an extensive baggage compartment with a capacity of 6m3 and fuel tank with the capacity to have 250 litres.
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The railroad wheelsets attached to the aft portion of the trailer were lowered pneumatically by activating a simple valve controller on the left rear of the trailer. To transfer from highway mode to rail mode the trailer driver would position the trailer over tracks inlaid into a paved rail yard. First the operator would activate the valve to remove the air from the airbags that supported the trailer in the highway mode. In the fully lowered or squat position, hooks which held the railwheel set up above the road surface released.
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A pneumatic die grinder with a right-angle head. A cordless battery-powered rotary tool used for light tasks. Die grinders and rotary tools are handheld power tools used for grinding, sanding, honing, polishing, or machining material (typically metal, but also plastic or wood). All such tools are conceptually similar, with no bright dividing line between die grinders and rotary tools, although the die grinder name tends to be used for pneumatically driven heavy-duty versions whereas the rotary tool name tends to be used for electric lighter-duty versions.
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As the driver notches up, some of the resistor banks are cut out via the pneumatically operated switches and the voltage increases across the traction motors. The more resistors which are cut out as the driver notches higher, the more power is developed by the traction motors. At around the locomotive switches to a parallel combination, where the two traction motors per bogie are in a series electrical circuit, while the two bogies are in parallel electrical circuit. Eventually, when all resistors are cut out, the locomotive is operating in full-field.
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Active blue roof systems control the rate at which water drains from a rooftop through mechanical means. Sometimes referred to as automated roof runoff management systems, active blue roofs use valve configurations and controls to monitor and regulate the discharge of stormwater runoff from roofs. Water ponded on the roof can be released in several ways, including via a pneumatically or hydraulically actuated pinch valve, an electronically controlled valve connected to a timer, or manually opening the valve. Active blue roofs for stormwater detention using forecast integration were first proposed in 2008.
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The Falcon Ultra-Fine (UF) centrifugal concentrator is primarily used for the separation of heavy minerals which occur in ore concentrations above 0.1% by weight, such as cassiterite, tantalum and scheelite when the majority of the particles are smaller than 75 µm. The machine generates forces up to 600 times the force of gravity (600 G's) and uses a smooth-walled bowl for particle stratification with a pneumatically controlled rubber lip for heavy material collection. The machine is stopped periodically to rinse and collect the valuable concentrate from the bowl.Deveau, C (2006).
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Behind the main sound stage/office building was a large "mill" where sets were constructed. Fenced- in large BC Hydro power transformers supplied the considerable power used on the stages. The stages were purpose-designed, sound-proof structures with heavy sound deadening material on the walls and ceiling, overhead catwalks, sound locks for entry and even pneumatically-sealed large access doors at the rear. Tremaine had installed large wiring troughs of shielded audio cable, running from the stages to the machine room, presumably to allow recording and playback.
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In August 1945, the squadron was intimated of the possibility of the Oorials moving to Japan as part of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force. This was a singular honour for the Royal Indian Air Force and for No. 4 Squadron in particular. Short take off and landing procedures were practiced in preparation for the move to Japan as it was envisaged that the aircraft would be flown off the aircraft carrier onto onshore airfields. The Spitfire had pneumatically operated flaps which could be lowered fully for landing or raised fully up.
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His skateboard could also be used as a shield or as a weapon and could be modified for use as a snowboard. The wrist gauntlets on his armor could fire pepper spray, sleeping gas or explosively launch his "Battle Staves" which were holstered alongside his forearms in the Mark II armor. His gauntlets could also deploy pneumatically-fired grapnel lines for traversing rooftops, and contained retractable blades and an extendable computer tap. He also had a utility pack with various shaped explosives, plastique, napalm gel, and cordite packs, magnesium flares, smoke capsules, incendiary packs, caltrops/spur jacks, and ball bearings.
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The suspension has independent wry coil springs and a telescopic shock absorbers. The Campagnolo cast magnesium pneumatically actuated brakes consist of a Girling ventilated discs. The fronts tires measure out to be 195/50 VR 15 Michelin and the rear tires are 275/40 VR 15 Michelin. The Lamborghini Athon weighs in at 2,390 lbs and has an 80 L fuel tank capable of holding 21 gallons of fuel. In terms of performance, the Lamborghini Athon is able to reach a top speed of 170 mph (273.6 km/h) and can go from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 7.3 seconds.
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Steinway Welte-Mignon reproducing piano (1919) While there are many minor differences between manufacturers, a player piano is a piano that contains a manually controlled pneumatically operating piano player mechanism. It is intended that the operator manually manipulates the control levers in order to produce a musical performance. Various aids to the human operator were developed: ; Split stack control: These instruments (the vast majority of all player pianos) have the pneumatic player mechanism divided into two approximately equal halves. The operator can lower the volume of either half of the keyboard independently of the other in order to create musical effects.
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The separating devices then close in synchronisation with the end of the portion. This synchronised, adjustable process allows various different shapes to be created. The products can be directly transported for packaging or for thermal treatment on conveyor belts. With devices with forming dies, the filling product is filled into forming dies (plastic mould that is filled to the base). The filled mould is “moved” away from the filling area, it is detached from the flow of product by means of a simultaneous clipping movement and then ejected mechanically or pneumatically into transportation containers or into thermal treatment media.
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Assorted new automotive road tires, showing a variety of tread patterns. Tractor tires have substantial ribs and voids for traction in soft terrain. A tire (American English) or tyre (British English) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface over which the wheel travels. Most tires, such as those for automobiles and bicycles, are pneumatically inflated structures, which also provide a flexible cushion that absorbs shock as the tire rolls over rough features on the surface.
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Pneumatic non-return valves are used where a normal non-return valve would be ineffective. This is for example where there is a risk of flood water entering a site but an equal risk of pollution or a chemical spills leaving a site and polluting the environment. Pneumatic non-return valves are installed below ground and can be used to pneumatically lock the non-return valve closed thus containing a site in the event of a spill. It is common practice to lock sites using pneumatic non-return valves during the loading or transferring of chemicals or hazardous waste.
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Upon starting off and in the low notches, the major part of the voltage was dropped over the banks of resistors and all four traction motors were in series. The blowers which accelerated the dissipation of heat in the resistor banks gave the Class 6E1 its very distinctive sound, a deep and loud whine when power was applied. As the driver notched up, some of the resistor banks were cut out via the pneumatically-operated switches and the voltage increased across the traction motors. As the driver notched higher, more resistors were cut out and more power was developed by the traction motors.
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One aspect to be considered is the large amount of energy which must be evacuated as residual heat (almost 95% of the total energy). This implies a large dedicated heat transfer surface. As regards to the mechanism for pulsing the core, the pulsed mode can be produced using a variety of configurations depending on the desired frequency of the pulsations. For instance, the use of standard control rods in a single or banked configuration with motor driving mechanism or the use of standard pneumatically operated pulsing mechanisms are suitable for generating up to 10 pulses per minute.
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Semaphore signals may also be operated by electric motors, hydraulically or pneumatically, allowing them to be located further from the controlling signal box. In some cases, they can be made to work automatically. The signals are designed to be fail-safe so that if power is lost or a linkage is broken, the arm will move by gravity into the horizontal position. For lower quadrant semaphores this requires the spectacle case to be sufficiently heavy to ensure the arm rises rather than falls; this is one of the reasons for the widespread switch to upper quadrant signals.
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Although actuation of the retraction mechanism is normally achieved via an engine-driven pump, a manual fall-back mechanism is provided to force the wheels down in the event of an in-flight engine failure. The undercarriage wheels are equipped with pneumatically- operated brakes, controlled by a lever set on each control column. For inspection purposes, access panels are located beneath the pilot's cockpit for internal access to the flight controls, hydraulics and electrical components; inspection panels are also present in the outer wing sections. The semi- monocoque fuselage of Oxford uses an arrangement of spruce longerons and stiffeners underneath a plywood exterior.
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Elmer Sperry Jr., the son of Lawrence Sperry, and Capt Shiras continued work on the same autopilot after the war, and in 1930 they tested a more compact and reliable autopilot which kept a US Army Air Corps aircraft on a true heading and altitude for three hours."Now – The Automatic Pilot" Popular Science Monthly, February 1930, p. 22. In 1930, the Royal Aircraft Establishment in the United Kingdom developed an autopilot called a pilots' assister that used a pneumatically-spun gyroscope to move the flight controls."Robot Air Pilot Keeps Plane on True Course" Popular Mechanics, December 1930, p. 950.
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The pneumatic transfer system (known colloquially as the "rabbit system") consists of an irradiation chamber in the outer ring of the core with its associated pump and piping. This allows samples to be transferred in and out of the reactor core very rapidly, while the reactor is at power. Routine use of the pneumatic transfer system involves placing samples into vials, which in turn are placed in special capsules known as “rabbits.” The capsule is loaded into the system in the radiochemistry laboratory next to the reactor and is then transferred pneumatically into the core-irradiation position for a predetermined time.
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The locomotive is controlled via resistors over which the voltage is dropped in a configuration of series and parallel electrical circuits. The circuit breakers which switch these circuits, work under very high power and voltage and are all pneumatically operated for insulation purposes. Compressed air is required to open or close the switch actions and air is also used for the weak field Cam Switch, which also switches under very high currents. Upon starting and in the low notches, the major part of the voltage is dropped over the banks of resistors and all four traction motors are in series.
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Alfred Ely Beach demonstrated a model of basic pneumatic subway system, in which air pressure in the tube pushed the cars, at the American Institute Exhibition in New York in 1867. After demonstrating that the model was viable, in 1869 Beach and his Beach Pneumatic Transit Company began constructing a pneumatically powered subway line beneath Broadway. Funneled through a company he set up, Beach put up $350,000 of his own money to pay for the full-scale test project."Inventor of the Week - Alfred Beach" (MIT) Built with a tunneling shield, the tunnel was complete in only 58 days.
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Codenamed R17, the Audi A5 DTM is a race car designed for the DTM beginning in year 2012, replacing the Audi A4 DTM. It includes a V8 engine rated at with a new 6-speed sequential semi-automatic transmission, pneumatically-operated suspension using paddle-shifters on the steering wheel, engine electronics (Bosch MS 5.1) and the central display from Audi R8 LMS, larger and wider tires from Hankook, safety fuel tank inside a carbon fiber cell, and a larger rear wing. The prototype was built by Audi Sport in Ingolstadt. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2011 International Motor Show (IAA) in Frankfurt.
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The U.S. Department of Energy reports that a majority of the venting within U.S. gas industry operations in year 2017 occurred at compressor stations and from pneumatically-operated controllers and regulators. Improved maintenance strategies and advanced equipment technologies either exist or are being developed to reduce such venting. Global tracking estimates from the IEA during year 2019 further indicate that about 23 million tons of methane were vented from all gas industry segments, including onshore conventional gas, offshore gas, unconventional gas, and downstream gas activities. When including the amount released from fugitive emissions, the estimated total is about 43 million tons.
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Audi R18 TDI Ultra at the 1000km of Spa 2011, its debut race As the new rules for Le Mans in 2011 the car features a stabilisation fin on the engine cover and has a new six-speed gearbox. The new gearbox is electrically controlled instead of pneumatically controlled, saving weight by eliminating the pneumatic system. Despite the capacity reduction, the 3.7L V6 is claimed to develop more than of power. This is less than the outgoing R15, but the V6 engine's fuel consumption will more than likely be lower than that of the outgoing V10 engine on the R15.
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The propellant supply subsystem function is to guarantee the supply of propellant within the required operating parameters of the engines. It uses two tanks of fuel and two of oxidizer in two separate circuits. It is separated into three propellant feed circuits: # Main Propulsion (SKD) circuit: it supplies the SKD (S5.80 main engine) through a series of pneumatically actuated valves through two redundant lines. # First DPO circuit: it supplies all high thrust thrusters (originally 14 DPO-B, later 16) and half of the low thrust thrusters (six DPO-M) through a line controlled by electro-hydraulic actuated valves.
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In industrial production, a slurry of wheat flour is kneaded vigorously by machinery until the gluten agglomerates into a mass. This mass is collected by centrifugation, then transported through several stages integrated in a continuous process. About 65% of the water in the wet gluten is removed by means of a screw press; the remainder is sprayed through an atomizer nozzle into a drying chamber, where it remains at an elevated temperature for a short time to allow the water to evaporate without denaturing the gluten. The process yields a flour-like powder with a 7% moisture content, which is air cooled and pneumatically transported to a receiving vessel.
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Upon starting off and in the low notches, the major part of the voltage was dropped over the banks of resistors and all four traction motors were in series. The blowers which accelerated the dissipation of heat in the resistor banks gave the Classes 6E and 6E1 their very distinctive sound, a deep and loud whine when power was applied. As the driver notched up, some of the resistor banks were cut out via the pneumatically-operated switches and the voltage increased across the traction motors. As the driver notched higher, more resistors were cut out and more power was developed by the traction motors.
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The Touareg Exclusive is a version of the Touareg that features seats with a two-tone leather combination "Nappa" upholstery in 2 colour combinations (Pepper Beige–Titan Black, Dark Burgundy–Titan Black), heated front seats with electric 12-way settings, electro-pneumatically adjustable backrest side bolsters and head restraints with longitudinal and height adjustment; leather door inserts, a black headliner and sill panel strips in stainless steel with exclusive lettering, decorative elements made from real wood in "Olive Silk Gloss", 19-inch "Salamanca" alloy wheels in Sterling Silver (no-cost optional 19-inch Girona wheel, optional 20-inch "Tarragona" wheel), Chrome & Style package and roof rails in anodised silver.
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This tremendously improved the safety of the equipment for both train crews and shop personnel alike. Flivver Lo-Vs maintained the older braking system of the High Voltage equipment. The older setup, known as AMRE, featured different notches on the brake stand for the motorman, depending on if he was operating his brakes with electric control (which synchronized the brakes on all cars of the train electrically) or if he was operating pneumatically (which did not synchronize the brakes and took longer to react). The newer setup, to be known as AMUE, came on the Steinways and Standard Lo-Vs, but never on the Flivvers.
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The landing gear was retracted pneumatically, including the tail wheel. The main visual difference between the I-180 and I-16 was a new wing with a perpendicular straight leading edge, and an aerodynamically refined fuselage with a longer slim engine cowling. The new fighter was to be powered by an 820 kW (1,100 hp) M-88 engine, a development of the license- built Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major (known as M-85 in the USSR), and represented the next step in evolution from the 1937 I-165-11 prototype. The proposed armament consisted of four 7.62 mm (0.3 in) ShKAS machine guns and 200 kg (440 lb) of bombs.
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This prevented bleed air from flowing to the 747's pneumatic slat system and, since the leading edge slats on the 747 are pneumatically driven, kept it from deploying the leading edge slats for takeoff. The take- off warning system that would have sounded an alarm due to the flaps not being lowered did not have a separate warning that the slats' pneumatic valve had not been opened by the flight engineer. The faulty state of the slats should by design have been indicated by yellow warning lights: one for the pilot, and eight for the flight engineer. However, both crew members stated in court that these lights had been green.
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The GAU-13 was developed in the late 1970s for use in gun pod applications for fighter aircraft and attack aircraft use, primarily for air-to-ground and anti-tank attacks. The GAU-13/A is a four-barreled rotary cannon based on the mechanism of the larger GAU-8, sharing the same massive 30 mm ammunition. Like the Avenger, it has a double-ended feed system with reverse clearing to remove unfired rounds. Unlike the GAU-8, however, it is pneumatically driven, giving it a rate of fire of 2,400 rounds per minute. Minimum time between stoppages is estimated at 32,000 rounds, making it a very reliable weapon.
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In late 2009, all S, SE and SW carriages were required to be modified so that their pneumatically-operated interior doors open automatically if the compressed air supply is lost. This was identified as an issue after the locomotive on a Wairarapa Connection train derailed when it hit a landslide on 23 July 2009, resulting in the locomotive having to be shut down and cutting the compressed air supply to the SW carriages in the process. The doors stuck in position, and three people were required to open them manually, sparking safety concerns that the carriages could not be evacuated quickly in the event of a fire.
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Other new features were the pneumatically operated automatic gangway doors triggered by pressure pads under the floor. From 1993, after fatal falls from moving trains, a central door-locking system operated by the train guard was installed to protect the passenger operated slam doors. The main difference between the HST vehicles and the loco-hauled Mark 3A relates to electrical supply arrangements. HST coaches take an industrial voltage/frequency 3-phase supply directly from an auxiliary alternator in the power car to supply on-board equipment such as air conditioning; loco-hauled vehicles take a standard 1000 V DC or single-phase AC train heat supply from the locomotive and convert it through motor generator units under the floor.
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From May 1963 to December 1964, like the majority of the stations of line 1, its platforms were lengthened to 90 meters to accommodate trainsets of six cars to cope with significant chronic overloads. On 21 October 1964, the station was the first to be equipped with moving walkways, 132 meters long, in the corridor connecting its northern and southern parts. Like most of the stations of line 4, between October 1966 and October 1967, the platforms of the latter were in turn extended to 90 meters, in order to accommodate trains of six pneumatically-driven carriages. On 9 December 1977 the Châtelet – Les Halles RER station was opened with a connecting corridor with a moving walkway to Châtelet.
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Clay pigeons in an automatic thrower Traps are purpose-made, spring-loaded, flywheel or rotational devices especially designed to launch the different types of targets in singles or pairs at distances of up to 100 metres. These machines vary from the very simple hand- cocked, hand-loaded and hand-released types to the highly sophisticated fully automatic variety, which can hold up to 600 targets in their own magazine and are electrically or pneumatically operated. Target release is by remote control, either by pressing a button or by an acoustic system activated by the shooter's voice. Target speeds and trajectories can be easily modified and varied to suit the discipline or type of shooting required.
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Train order signals were typically located at the station building or signal tower, with a tall common post mounting signal arms facing in opposing directions. These were supplemented by Automatic Block Signal semaphores (a U. S. invention), first pneumatically powered in the 1880s and then by the 1890s, automatic electric motor driven semaphores were correctly seen as the future and were continued in manufacture well into the second world war. Although U.S. invented and manufactured 2 arm lower quadrant electro-gas and 3 position upper quadrant electric semaphores were experimented with in the U.K.(such as the ECML, at London Victoria respectively and in isolated areas elsewhere) they never were widely adopted by any means.
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The vessel can employ one of two winches for towing operations. The main towing winch for large, long distance tows is a single drum, closed-loop SMATCO electro-hydraulic drive winch, with a mechanically, pneumatically, or hydraulically actuated band brake and an air-actuated dog brake which are capable of holding 500,000 lbf of tension. The winch has of 2¼ inch IWRC 6×37 wire rope with a poured end fitting and a breaking strain of 424,000 lbf (1.89 MN). The cable weighs approximately 8.5 lb per foot (12.6 kg/m), making the weight of the wire approximately 21,500 lb (10.75 short tons) excluding the weight of any chain bridle used on the vessel being towed.
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The B-20 was created by Mikhail Yevgenyevich Berezin in 1944 by converting his 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun to use the 20 mm rounds used by the ShVAK cannon. No other changes were made to the weapon which was pneumatically or mechanically charged and was available in both synchronized and unsynchronized versions. In 1946, an electrically-fired version was created for the turrets of the Tupolev Tu-4 bomber until the Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 cannon became available. The B-20 was a welcome replacement for the ShVAK because it was significantly lighter - 25 kg (55 lb) to the 40 kg (80 lb) ShVAK - without sacrificing rate of fire or muzzle velocity.
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Nicknamed the Miss Belvedere by a member of the committee organizing the 2007 event, she was unearthed on June 14, 2007, during the state's centennial celebration and publicly unveiled the next day. Reflecting the Cold War tensions endemic in late 1950s America, the enclosure - built of poured in place concrete and sprayed with pneumatically applied gunite - was advertised as having been built to withstand a nuclear attack. However, the vault was breached by long term water intrusion, that submerged the entire vehicle, causing significant cosmetic and structural damage.TulsaWorld: Buried Belvedere vault full of water Efforts were made to stabilize Miss Belvedere's condition, including essential suspension repairs, with the hope of placing her in a museum.
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If pneumatically or hydraulically actuated valves are used, a system of pressurizing lines to the actuators is needed. Any points where process samples may have to be taken should have sampling lines, valves, and access to them included in the detailed design. If necessary, provisions should be made for reducing high pressure or temperature of a sampling stream, such including a pressure reducing valve or sample cooler. Units and fluid systems in the plant including all vessels, piping, tubing, valves, pumps, compressors, and other equipment must be rated or designed to be able to withstand the entire range of pressures, temperatures, and other conditions which they could possibly encounter, including any appropriate safety factors.
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Any compressed gas other than air is an asphyxiation hazard—including nitrogen, which makes up 78% of air. Compressed oxygen (approx. 21% of air) would not asphyxiate, but is not used in pneumatically-powered devices because it is a fire hazard, more expensive, and offers no performance advantage over air. Portable pneumatic tools and small vehicles, such as Robot Wars machines and other hobbyist applications are often powered by compressed carbon dioxide, because containers designed to hold it such as soda stream canisters and fire extinguishers are readily available, and the phase change between liquid and gas makes it possible to obtain a larger volume of compressed gas from a lighter container than compressed air requires.
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However, in most applications "fail safe" indicates the damper will close upon loss of power thus preventing the spread of smoke and fire to other areas. These dampers also may allow adjustment of the "closed" position so that they only obstruct, for example, 75% of the air flow when closed. For vacuum-operated or pneumatically operated zone dampers, the thermostat usually switches the pressure or vacuum on or off, causing a spring-loaded rubber diaphragm to move and actuate the damper. As with the second style of electrical zone dampers, these dampers automatically return to the default position without the application of any power, and the default position is usually "open", allowing air to flow.
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In 1991, Filmitakomo and Yleisradio produced a documentary film, Daddy and the Muscle Academy: The Life and Art of Tom of Finland, directed by Ilppo Pohjola. By the late 1980s, Laaksonen was well known in the gay world, but his "pneumatically muscled, meticulously rendered monster-donged icons of masculinity" received mainstream attention when the film – which includes hundreds of images of his work along with interviews – was released theatrically in Finland, won a Finnish Jussi Award in its category in 1992, and was shown at film festivals and film art houses worldwide.Hooven, F. Valentine, III, Gay histories and cultures: an encyclopedia. Volume 2 of Encyclopedia of lesbian and gay histories and cultures. P. 884.
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The show, declared by the company to be the only one of its kind in the world, was redesigned and built each year by the company's display artist, Carleton (Carl) Edwards (1894-1986), and directed by technician Donald Armstrong.NSLP Annual Report 1967) The half-hour Land of Fantasy production incorporated a large number of animatronic creatures, lights and music to tell the Christmas story. Popular recurring characters, including an animated Santa Claus, pneumatically-operated snowman and clown, and a moon-jumping cow, were supplemented each year by an array of new dancing and singing creatures from fairy tales and Christmas stories. NSLP moved Land of Fantasy to the Scotia Square mall in 1970 for its final three years.
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The aircraft employed an all-metal monocoque construction, comprising three sections with extensive use of 'Z-section' frames and 'L-section' longeron. The wing of the Beaufighter used a mid-wing cantilever all-metal monoplane arrangement, also constructed out of three sections. Structurally, the wing consisted of two spars with single-sheet webs and extruding flanges, completed with a stressed-skin covering, and featured metal-framed ailerons with fabric coverings along with hydraulically-actuated flaps located between the fuselage and the ailerons. Hydraulics were also used to retract the independent units of undercarriage, while the brakes were pneumatically-actuated. A Merlin-powered, Beaufighter night fighter Mark II of No. 255 Squadron RAF at RAF Hibaldstow, September 1941.
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To compete in the August 1941 Osoaviakhim all-union air race Chyeranovskii followed the successful recipe he used in the BICh-20, building the smallest possible aircraft to house the Renault 6 in-line MV-6 engine and the cockpit in the leading edge of the fin. The inverted gull wings allowed a shorter, pneumatically retracted tail-wheel undercarriage, to be fitted at the junction of the inner and outer wings. The aircraft was completed in 1940 but flight tests were not carried out till June 1941. The BICh-21 was a firm favourite to win the all-union air race but Operation Barbarossa intervened, with the start of the Great Patriotic War, further work on the BICh-21 was stopped..
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A collection of spring-piston air rifles Break-barrel air rifles An air gun, or airgun, is a gun that shoots projectiles pneumatically with compressed air or other gases that are mechanically pressurized without involving any chemical reactions, in contrast to a firearm, which pressurizes gases chemically via oxidation of combustible propellants that generates propulsive energy by breaking molecular bonds. Both the "long gun" (air rifle) and "handgun" (air pistol) forms typically propel metallic projectiles that are either diabolo-shaped pellets or spherical shots called BBs, although in recent years Minié ball-shaped cylindro-conoidal projectiles called slugs are gaining more popularity. Certain types of air guns (usually air rifles) may also launch fin-stabilized projectile such as darts (e.g. tranquilizer guns) or arrows (so-called "airbows").
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The control system included a pneumatic system and a solid-state electrical sequence controller packaged with spark exciters for the gas generator and the thrust chamber spark plugs, plus interconnecting electrical cabling and pneumatic lines, in addition to the flight instrumentation system. The pneumatic system consisted of a high-pressure helium gas storage tank, a regulator to reduce the pressure to a usable level, and electrical solenoid control valves to direct the central gas to the various pneumatically controlled valves. The electrical sequence controller was a completely self- contained, solid-state system, requiring only DC power and start and stop command signals. Pre-start status of all critical engine control functions was monitored in order to provide an "engine ready" signal.
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This, in turn, allows wind pressure to activate a bellows or "pneumatic" which operates a larger valve. This valve causes a change of air pressure within a channel that leads to all pipes of that note. A separate "stop action" system is used to control the admittance of air or "wind" into the pipes of the rank or ranks selected by the organist's selection of stops, while other ranks are "stopped" from playing. The stop action can also be an electro-pneumatic action, or may be another type of action This pneumatically assisted valve action is in contrast to a direct electric action in which each pipe's valve is opened directly by an electric solenoid which is attached to the valve.
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Solid projectiles may be free-flying (as with bullets and artillery shells) or tethered (as with Taser guns, spearguns and harpoon guns). A large-caliber gun is also referred to as a cannon. The means of projectile propulsion vary according to designs, but are traditionally effected pneumatically by a high gas pressure contained within the barrel tube, produced either through the rapid exothermic combustion of propellants (as with firearms), or by mechanical compression (as with air guns). The high-pressure gas is introduced behind the projectile, pushing and accelerating it down the length of the tube, imparting sufficient launch velocity to sustain its further travel towards the target once the propelling gas ceases acting upon it after it exits the muzzle.
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A building worker is spraying shotcrete on welded wire mesh mm concrete hose from line pump and 20 mm compressed air line. Shotcrete swimming pool under construction in Northern Australia A 76 mm borehole in fibre-reinforced shotcrete on a tunnel wall A shotcrete curvelinear wall at the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw, Poland Shotcrete-stabilized cliff above a motorway in New Zealand Shotcrete, gunite (), or sprayed concrete is concrete or mortar conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface, as a construction technique, first used in 1914. It is typically reinforced by conventional steel rods, steel mesh, or fibers. Shotcrete is usually an all-inclusive term for both the wet-mix and dry-mix versions.
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Simply speaking the motors all work as a differentially balanced team so that as one motor begins to slip, the others act to balance everything which reduces the speed of the slipping motor almost 'by magic', but maintains torque at a point just below friction break-away. Recovery of wheel slip (providing the driver is not in-attentive or deliberately attempting to slip) is very rapid. It is this system that allowed the incredible acceleration for which Class 74 was known. The power controller allowed infinite variability but standard notches were provided so Class 74 locomotives could work with their smaller sisters, Class 73/1, or with any electro-pneumatically controlled (blue star coupling code) Type 2, 3 or 4 diesel locomotive.
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The second generation comes with an electronic sequential gearbox that Mercedes-Benz has dubbed the "Telligent Gearbox". It pushes forward the principle used in some earlier Mercedes-Benz tractors; using the gearshift lever to command a pneumatically actuated system that changes the gears. The Telligent gearbox utilizes a computer, together with a load-sensing system on the fifth-wheel coupling, to estimate the proper gear that the truck must be in. For example, if you want to upshift, the computer estimates the load on the tractor and the current engine mode, and gives you the proper gear for decreasing engine On the other hand, if you want to downshift, the computer assumes you wish to overtake, and gives you a proper gear for acceleration.
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The Maliboomer was an attraction at the Paradise Pier section of Disney California Adventure at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, US. Manufactured by S&S; Power, Mailboomer was a Space Shot attraction, meaning it launched guests from the bottom of the tower instead of slowly lifting them to the top and dropping them from there. The ride was pneumatically powered, with three connected towers, each with its own independent ride system. It also contained "Scream Shields", used to block the screams from reaching residents of Anaheim and neighboring Garden Grove as the park is located near a residential area. The concept of the Maliboomer came from a space-themed version of the High striker attraction on many boardwalks and carnivals.
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In keeping with the original plan, four of the six were to be converted to broad gauge operation on a rotating basis. Locomotive X31, however, was continually affected by a manufacturing issue with its pneumatically-operated Automatic Staff Exchanging equipment (which was of a new design) and so was excluded from the conversion rotation until the problem was finally resolved in the mid-1980s at Newport Workshops - though by this time the use of automatic-exchange equipment in Victoria was rapidly declining. Otherwise, they hauled passenger and freight services throughout Victoria.X class diesel electric locomotives Mark Bau On the broad gauge they operated with the ten broad gauge S Class locomotives, with typical assignments being freight service to Adelaide, and associated passenger workings like The Overland and The Vinelander.
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The passenger salon is separated by sliding double doors from vestibules on either end of the car, which have pneumatically-operated sliding double doors for entry and exit of passengers. Lighting is provided by ceiling lamps with incandescent bulbs (nowadays usually replaced by fluorescent lighting or LEDs); the passenger salons of intermediate trailers and power cars normally have 20 ceiling lamps, those of driving trailers 16, and vestibules 2 each. These lamps are powered by the motor-generators (see below), so if this fails, all lights in the 2-car section go out; to prevent the section from being completely darkened, some of the ceiling lamps include an emergency light which consists of a low-powered incandescent bulb next to the main light, and draws its power from the storage battery.
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Solder paste printed on a PCB Solder paste is typically used in a stencil-printing process by a solder paste printer, in which paste is deposited over a stainless steel or polyester mask to create the desired pattern on a printed circuit board. The paste may be dispensed pneumatically, by pin transfer (where a grid of pins is dipped in solder paste and then applied to the board), or by jet printing (where the paste is sprayed on the pads through nozzles, like an inkjet printer). As well as forming the solder joint itself, the paste carrier/flux must have sufficient tackiness to hold the components while the assembly passes through the various manufacturing processes, perhaps moved around the factory. Printing is followed by pre-heating and reflow (melting).
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When the cars were built, the chime was sounded four seconds before the doors closed, but the time delay was later removed. This has become the signature sound of the subway and is used with all subsequent cars. The R44s were also the first NYCT subway cars to feature a newly designed WABCO-RT5 electronically and pneumatically controlled braking system also known as the P-Wire system, which did not fare well with this fleet of cars (similar systems also plagued the R46s), since most of the shop personnel were not adequately trained to deal with the P-Wire braking system's sophisticated fail/safe design for automatic train operation. The system would sometimes trigger the train's emergency braking system unexpectedly, which caused a situation known as stuck brakes.
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On 11 March 1949 she was transferred to the 5th Submarine Flotilla reserve and entered drydock to be retrofitted with a snort mast (snorkel device)—a pneumatically raised and lowered steel tube which, when in the vertical position, worked as an air induction/exhaust emission device. Once vertical it was self-locking and drew air into the submarine at periscope depth, permitting the submarine to charge batteries and run diesels for propulsion below the surface, allowing the sub to remain underwater. At the point where the air intake entered the pressure hull of the submarine, there was a bulbous casting—set about half a metre above the hull, this housed the main induction valve. This very important casing was totally concealed and protected by the free-flooding hull.
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The British Railway workshops at Derby and Swindon did not have the necessary capacity, so private carriage builders such as Metropolitan-Cammell, Gloucester, Birmingham and Cravens received orders. Not all units could work in multiple with each other, but the blue square coupling code covered 84 percent of the cars built, using a four-speed gearbox with gear selection controlled pneumatically. Engines could vary in power output from and vacuum brakes were used. Internally the units could be classified as suburban with doors for each seating bay and 3+2 seating in second class, such as Class 118, low density with two doors per vehicle side, 3+2 bus style seating in second class, such as Class 114 and Intercity with interiors to the same standard as locomotive hauled stock, such as Class 124.
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Further changes were the use of large round Oleo buffers with a pneumatic withdrawal mechanism rather than the traditional coach style (oval) saddle buffer which relied on a pin and spring mechanism. As the JA examples came in for overhaul over the years, the saddle buffers were also replaced making visual identification of the differing machines almost impossible from a distance. From new, all members of the class were fitted with the Pullman style rubbing plate between the buffers allowing them to close couple with Southern Region electro-pneumatically controlled electric multiple units and diesel electric multiple units for push-pull train operation – the reason for retractable buffers. Being built to the Hastings Line gauge, the locomotives were able to be used on all routes of BR's Southern Region network.
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Armed with four ShKAS or PV-1 machine guns and 100 kg (220 lb) of bombs. Two additional Type 5s were fitted with six ShKAS machine guns of which four could decline to 20° for ground strafing. ;TsKB-29 (SPB) :Pneumatically-operated landing gear and flaps, Wright Cyclone engine, armament of two ShKAS machine guns, used as a high-speed dive bomber in the Zveno project ;I-16 Type 1 :Pre-production series, M-22 engine with 358 kW (480 hp). ;I-16 Type 4 :First production version, M-22 engine. ;I-16 Type 5 :Type 4 with a streamlined and tapered engine cowling, Shvetsov M-25 engine with 522 kW (700 hp). 2 prototypes tested with M-62 engine as well. Mass- produced. ;I-16 Type 6 :Shvetsov M-25B engine, 545 kW (730 hp).
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During his tenure as director of engineering and the sole surgeon with the artificial heart program at the University of Utah from 1967 to 1971, Kwan- Gett invented a pneumatically powered total artificial heart system. An important advance of this system was the ability to mimic "Starling's Law," which describes the natural heart's ability to vary the blood volume of each beat depending on the pressures in the upper chambers of the heart. Kwan- Gett's system was the first to use completely passive filling of the artificial heart's ventricles in a way that automatically balanced blood flow between the left and right ventricles without using complex control systems. Another innovation of the Kwan-Gett heart was the use of hemispherical non- distensible pumping diaphragms that did not crush red blood cells against the walls of the heart.
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The fuselage forward of the cockpit, wing spar booms and the combined lower inner wing and undercarriage assemblies were built up from welded 30KhGSA steel tubing, whilst the rest of the airframe was constructed from D16 duralumin throughout except for fabric covering on the control surfaces. The pneumatically actuated inwards retracting undercarriage was housed inside the inner lower-wing which folded at approx ½ span to lie in recesses in the sides of the fuselage. The outer halves of the lower wings remained horizontal as the wings retracted and were housed in recesses in the under-surfaces of the upper wings. Retraction of the wings was carried out by a single vertically mounted pneumatic actuator in the fuselage which unlocked the bracing struts either side and pulled the wing upwards as the bracing strut was pulled upwards.
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For the transmission gearboxes, all IndyCar Series cars currently use an electronically-assisted 6-speed semi-automatic sequential gearbox with an electro-pneumatically operated paddle-shift system and a pneumatic clutch with semi-automatic activation, supplied by Xtrac Limited since the 2008 season but with assistance. All current IndyCar transmissions use pneumatic actuation for the shifting and clutch, so the clutch is therefore only needed for launching the car from a standstill, and the clutch isn't required for gear shifting. From 1996 to 2007, all IndyCar Series cars used a hand-shifted 6-speed sequential manual transmission with a shift lever, supplied also by Xtrac since 2000 season until 2007. The clutch of all IndyCar Series cars are carbon with steel housing 3-plate clutch operated by foot-pedal in 1996–2011 later hand-paddle steering wheel clutch in 2012–present and provided by AP Racing.
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Electricity from the overhead contact wire is picked up by the train through pantographs mounted on the roofs of the power cars. These are pneumatically operated, so if the pressure in the air pipe falls below a preset level, they are automatically lowered by means of springs (this prevents the train from moving if air pressure is lost, an important safety feature). Each power car has only 1 pantograph, because if it fails the other power cars can produce sufficient power to move the train at a reduced speed. For the same reason, there is no provision for cutting out individual traction motor groups in case of malfunction, so if even one traction motor fails, the entire power car's traction motor circuit is turned off (the other power cars can still provide enough power, so despite this the train can, and sometimes does, remain in service).
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In 1935 the DH.82 Queen Bee, a pilotless, radio-controlled variant of the Tiger Moth appeared, for use in training anti-aircraft gunners. Use of the word drone, as a generic term for pilotless aircraft, apparently originated from the name and role of the Queen Bee (i.e. the word drone is a reference to the male bee which makes one flight in search of the female queen bee and then subsequently dies)."The Flight of 'Drone' From Bees to Planes" Wall Street Journal, 26 July 2013"The Flight Of ‘Drone’ From Bees To Planes" Fortuna's corner The DH.82 had a wooden fuselage, based on that of the DH.60 Gipsy Moth (with appropriate structural changes related to cabane strut placement) and the wings of the Tiger Moth II. Queen Bees retained a normal front cockpit for test-flying or ferry flights, but had a radio-control system in the rear cockpit to operate the controls using pneumatically driven servos.
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By 1942, poor combat performance had made it apparent that there were problems with the Mark 13, as 42 out of 51 torpedo bombers were lost at the Battle of Midway without scoring a single hit: The Committee assigned the California Institute of Technology to undertake the first systematic study of the dynamics of aerial launched torpedoes. Tank tests using scale models revealed that the "low and slow" approach that had been presumed necessary for a successful drop was actually counterproductive: striking the water at a flat angle frequently caused the after body of the torpedo to “slap”, damaging the mechanism. Full scale testing simulated aerial torpedo drops under controlled conditions by pneumatically launching full size torpedoes down a 300 foot slide on California's Morris Dam into a mountain lake known for its clarity, allowing all aspects of the water entry to be examined utilizing high-speed photography. Fragile or vulnerable components were improved, tested, refined, and tested again.
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The motor-controlled North American semaphores used since the advent of the track circuit block system of 1872, provided a form of automation sought after by the railroads to reduce labor costs and improve reliability over manually operated systems as in the UK, Germany and elsewhere. Dwarf signals were worked mechanically, pneumatically to give restricting-type signals as did mast type signals at interlockings, but motorized dwarfs were more common after the development of the Model 2A signal in 1908. As early as 1915, the technological push by -such intellectual giants as A.H. Rudd of the Pennsylvania R.R. and his concept of speed signalling combined with his development of the Position Light signal and the concurrent color-light signals using William Churchill's doublet lens combination in practical terms made the semaphore technically obsolete. Semaphore signals have been almost completely replaced by light signals in North America, but they contain several important design elements.
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In 1968, Denton A. Cooley completed the first successful heart transplantation in the USA at Texas Heart Institute. A year later, he completed the first artificial heart implantation. The second implantation of an artificial heart in a human was completed at the same location in 1981. Additional “firsts” from Texas Heart Institute include the first bridge-to- transplant with an LVAD in 1978, the first laser angioplasty procedure in America in 1985, and the first laser coronary endarterectomy procedure in America in 1985. In 1986, Texas Heart Institute performed the first peripheral laser procedure in Texas– and one of the first in the United States– and the first implant of the HeartMate pneumatically powered LVAD as a bridge-to- transplant. In 1991, the first patient in the world left the hospital with an electric, portable, battery-powered LVAD. In 2000, Texas Heart Institute became the first site for clinical trials of the Jarvik 2000. The next year, Texas Heart Institute became the first to demonstrate that C-Reactive Protein (CRP) causes vascular inflammation.
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In the upper pool, the CESC Fountain of Joy will have 99 water effects, while the intermediate pool will have 20 water effects and another 30 special water effects in the lower pool. There will be a large water cascading area – more than 80 metre long from upper pool to the intermediate pool. The CESC Fountain of Joy comes with an enormous number of lights as also LED and PAR lamps, as also high watt reflectors, capable of constantly changing the colours to make the fountain attractive and eye- catching. According to CESC sources, the Fountain of Joy is integrated with ultra-fast technology, in which water effects will be controlled by the pneumatically assisted solenoid valves, capable of opening and shutting 12 times in a second, thereby resulting in water shooting in air at a spectacular speed. According to Mr. Sanjiv Goenka, “The inspiration for creating the new CESC Fountain of Joy in the Maidan comes from Chief Minister, Smt Mamata Banerjee, who is so keen to turn Kolkata into a beautiful megapolis.” The estimated cost is around Rs. 3 crore.
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A 1986 postage stamp issued by the Soviet Union to commemorate the Yak-18 A member of the second generation of Russian aircraft designers, and best known for fighter designs, Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev always retained a light aircraft design section. In May 1945, Yakovlev initiated design of the Yak-18 two-seat primary trainer. He designed it to replace the earlier Yakovlev UT-2 and Yakovlev Yak-5 in service with the Soviet Air Forces and DOSAAF (Voluntary Society for Collaboration with the Army, Air Force and Navy, which sponsored aero clubs throughout the USSR). In 1944, an advanced version of the UT-2 had been built with many of the features of the new Yak-18. The new aircraft flew a year later, powered by a 119 kW (160 hp) Shvetsov M-11 five-cylinder radial engine and featuring pneumatically operated retractable main landing gear and a fixed tailwheel. It entered service as a trainer later that year and was built by Yakovlev up until 1956. Examples were exported to China in kit form beginning in 1950. The Chinese began producing license built copies in 1954 with the designation CJ-5.
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33102 propelling a unit from Weymouth, 1987. While third rail electrification was expanding on the Southern region, it was not then considered to be justified to extend beyond Bournemouth and so, in 1965, D6580 was fitted with experimental push-pull apparatus, high-level brake pipes and jumper cables to make it compatible with Multiple Unit stock. Commencing 21 July 1965 tests were carried out between Wimbledon Park and Basingstoke and then, from 17 January 1966, on the Oxted Line, using a 6-coach rake of unpowered multiple unit coaches (designated TC, standing for Trailer Control). The use of this equipment removed the necessity for the locomotive to run around to the front of its train at each terminus, as it could be controlled from the driving position of a TC unit and hence could propel its train from the rear. Following successful completion of trials, D6580 and a further eighteen other members of the class (D6511, D6513, D6514, D6516, D6517, D6519, D6520, D6521, D6525, D6527, D6528, D6529, D6531, D6532, D6533, D6535, D6536 and D6538) entered Eastleigh Works, to be fitted with a modified version of the push-pull apparatus – fully compatible with Class 73 and Class 74 electro-diesels and indeed any electro-pneumatically controlled (EP) multiple unit stock.
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