131 Sentences With "physiography" | Random Sentence Generator

"Forest Physiography: Physiography of the United States and Principles of Soils in Relation to Forestry." American Environmental Studies. Reprint ed. Charles Gregg, ed.

Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1906], p. 42.Bowman, Isaiah. "Forest Physiography: Physiography of the United States and Principles of Soils in Relation to Forestry." American Environmental Studies.

"Forest Physiography: Physiography of the United States and Principles of Soils in Relation to Forestry." American Environmental Studies. Reprint ed. Charles Gregg, ed. New York: Arno Press, 1970.

Land is closely linked to the geomorphology of a particular landscape", regarding physiography as synonymous with geomorphology. Yet another source states "Physiography may be viewed from two distinct angles, the one dynamic, the other passive". The same source continues by stating "In a large fashion geodynamics is intimately associated with certain branches of geology, as sedimentation, while geomorphology connects physiography with geography. The dynamic interlude representing the active phase of physiography weaves the basic threads of geologic history.

Physiography of Victoria E. Sherbon Hills, Whitcombe & Tombs Pty. Ltd., 1960.

The Physiography of Southern Ontario. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. 284 p. plus map in four sections.

Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. University of Toronto Press, 1973. pp 62, 316.

Sawmilling, gristmilling and other farm service industries were established.Chapman L.J. and D.F. Putnam. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Second edition.

During the early 1900s, the study of regional-scale geomorphology was termed "physiography". Physiography later was considered to be a contraction of "physical" and "geography", and therefore synonymous with physical geography, and the concept became embroiled in controversy surrounding the appropriate concerns of that discipline. Some geomorphologists held to a geological basis for physiography and emphasized a concept of physiographic regions while a conflicting trend among geographers was to equate physiography with "pure morphology", separated from its geological heritage. In the period following World War II, the emergence of process, climatic, and quantitative studies led to a preference by many earth scientists for the term "geomorphology" in order to suggest an analytical approach to landscapes rather than a descriptive one.

During the early 1900s, the study of regional-scale geomorphology was termed "physiography". Physiography later was considered to be a contraction of "physical" and "geography", and therefore synonymous with physical geography, and the concept became embroiled in controversy surrounding the appropriate concerns of that discipline. Some geomorphologists held to a geological basis for physiography and emphasized a concept of physiographic regions while a conflicting trend among geographers was to equate physiography with "pure morphology," separated from its geological heritage. In the period following World War II, the emergence of process, climatic, and quantitative studies led to a preference by many Earth scientists for the term "geomorphology" in order to suggest an analytical approach to landscapes rather than a descriptive one.

Whitehouse, F. W. (1951). Physiography in Handbook of Queensland. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: 5-12. Whitehouse, F. W. (1953).

The physiography of the Western Macdonnell Ranges, Central Australia. The Geographical Journal 78(5):417-433.Madigan, C.T. 1936. The Australian sand-ridge deserts.

The Goghat I CD Block is part of the western uplands, which is an extension of the rocky uneven physiography found in adjoining Bankura district.

The Kuttiyadi river, erstwhile known as Kotta river is flowing from north to south, through the eastern side, detaches the grama panchayat from Vatakara taluk. The physiography is not planar. The ridges of smaller and medium hills and low lying valleys make the area an undulating terrain. Grama panchayat can be divided into three, according to the physiography – viz, hilly area, slopes and valleys.

Afterwards, physiography became a very popular school subject in Britain, accounting for roughly 10% of all examination papers in both English and Welsh schools, and physiography was now regarded as an integral, if not the most important aspect of geography. In conjunction with these 'advances' in physiography, physically and visually mapping these descriptive areas was underway as well. The early photographers and balloonists, Nadar and Triboulet, experimented with aerial photography and the view it provided of the landscape. In 1899, Albert Heim published his photographs and observations made during a balloon flight over the Alps; he is probably the first person to use aerial photography in geomorphological or physiographical research.

Chapman, L.J., Putnam, D.F. 1972. Map 2226:Physiography of the South Central Portion of Southern Ontario. Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs. Ontario Research Foundation.

The Goghat II CD Block is part of the western uplands, which is an extension of the rocky and undulating physiography found in adjoining Bankura district.

Newly settled regions may be classified, provisionally, by the data of physiography, and malloseismic districts will eventually be subdivided with confidence by means of geologic criteria.

Uttar Kamakhyaguri is at . It is situated beside the 31C national highway. Kamakhyaguri situated between the river Rydak1 and Raydak2. Physiography of Kamakhyaguri: It is part of Doors region.

Mount Greylock lies on the western edge of the Taconic Range, across the Hoosic River from the Hoosac Range to the east. The Hoosac Range connects the Green Mountains with the Berkshires.Forest Physiography: Physiography of the United States and Principles of Soils in Relation to Forestry, Isaiah Bowman (New York: Wiley and Sons, 1911): p. 681. Mount Greylock, in Berkshire County, is the highest point in Massachusetts, with an elevation of 3,491 feet (1,064 m).

The best evidence of this former sea is the vast clay plain deposited along the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers.Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam. 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Third edition.

These schools were all mining technical colleges. From 1909 to 1931, he was physics master at Newcastle Technical College, and retired in 1931.Filmer, W.D. (1920). Notes on the physiography of Lake Macquarie.

General bathymetry of the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Quaternary physiography of Lake Carpentaria. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 41, 207-225 The Gulf hosts a submerged coral reef province that was only recognised in 2004.

I 1915 nr. 12Holtedahl, Olaf (1918): Bidrag til Finmarkens geologi, Norges Geologiske Undersøkelser nr. 84Holtedahl, Olaf (1929): On the geology and physiography of some Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands. Sci. Res. Norwegian Antarctic Exped.

In Germany, Oscar Peschel in 1870, proposed that geographers should study the morphology of the Earth's surface, having an interest in the study of landforms for the development of human beings. As the chair of geography (and a geologist by training) in Bonn, Germany, Ferdinand von Richthofen made the study of landforms the main research field for himself and his students. Elsewhere, Thomas Henry Huxley's Physiography was published in 1877 in Britain. Shortly after, the field of "physical geography" itself was renamed as "physiography".

The Sudanian savanna is one of the three distinct physiographic provinces of the larger African Massive division. Physiography divides this province into three distinct physiographic sections, the Niger Basin, the Lake Chad Basin, and the Middle Nile Basin.

Heezen, B.C. and M. Tharp, 1966., Physiography of the Indian Ocean. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A 259:137-149. that incorrectly show the Zenith Plateau and the Wallaby Plateau as a single, composite bathymetric feature.

The physiography of Vadodara features a number of rivers. The main city of Vadodara is located on the banks of river Vishwamitri. Besides, the topography of Vadodara also features Narmada river to its south and Mahi river to its north.

In order to understand the process by which the moraine formed, it is necessary to understand the physical geography in which it currently exists (that is, its physiography), and the layers of sediments found within it (the stratigraphy of the moraine).

The 1919 edition of The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge further adjusted the definition to be "Physiography (geomorphology), now generally recognized as a science distinct from geology, deals with the origins and development of land forms, traces out the topographic expression of structure, and embodies a logical history of oceanic basins, and continental elevations; of mountains, plateaus and plains; of hills and valleys. Physical geography is used loosely as a synonym, but the term is more properly applied to the borderland between geography and physiography; dealing, as it does, largely with the human element as influenced by its physiographic surroundings".

Oachira Panchayat is 3.05 m above sea level. This region is situated in the coastal region which constitutes a significant part of the physiography of Kerala. Sand ridges and plains are the common geographies of this region. Among this 75% is sand ridges.

The Champlain Sea The Champlain Sea () was a temporary inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, created by the retreating glaciers during the close of the last glacial period.L.J. Chapman and D.F. Putnam. 1951. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

These clay deposits were left behind by the Champlain Sea which flooded the Beckwith area about ten thousand years ago at the end of the last ice age.Chapman,L.J. and D.F. Putnam. 1951. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

Ecoregions may be identified by similarities in geology, physiography, vegetation, climate soils, land use, wildlife distributions, and hydrology. The classification system has four levels. Only the first three levels are shown on this list. "Level I" divides North America into 15 broad ecoregions.

Assam, in those days, was a big country and its physiography was much different from that of Bengal. But nothing daunted Mir Jumla. In less than six weeks' time, since his starting from Guwahati, Mir Jumla conquered up to Garhgaon, the capital of Assam.

The physiography and distribution of surface material in the Town of Halton Hills are the result of glacial activity which took place in the Late Wisconsinan Substage of the Pleistocene Epoch. This period of time, which lasted from approximately 23,000 to 10,000 years ago, was marked by the repeated advance and melting back of massive, continental ice sheets. The Niagara Escarpment dominates the physiography of the town and greatly influenced the pattern of glaciation in the region. The Escarpment, formed by erosion over millions of years, is a high relief bedrock scarp which trends to the north through the central part of the town.

Geobotany 22: The Vegetation and Physiography of Sumatra. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. Terrestrial pitchers of N. tenuis often develop partially embedded in moss. The lower parts of the stem may also be covered under a layer of moss, making the plants difficult to find in the wild.

Mount Clef Ridge is a 1,076 ft volcanic mountain. The physiography is dominated by prominent knolls, surrounding mountains, open vistas and native oak woodland. It is home to 50–60,000 oak trees, and the city is characterized by its many oak trees and rolling green hills.Strong, Kathy (2011).

In 1992 he did post-doctoral research at the University of Cologne. He taught at the University of Gothenburg since 1993, what he was promoted to Associate Professor in 1996 and to full Professor in 2000. He chaired the department of physiography from January 2000 and December 2002.

Ganges River Delta, Bangladesh and India Population density and height above sea level in Bangladesh (2010). Bangladesh is especially vulnerable to sea level rise. The rivers of Bangladesh mark both the physiography of the nation and the life of the people. About 700 in number, these rivers generally flow south.

Many Latvians today are planning to exploit this resource by catering to local and foreign numbers. The variegated and rapidly changing physiography of glacial moraines and lowlands has also allowed temperate flora, such as oaks, to grow within a few hundred meters of northern flora, such as bog cotton and cloudberries.

N. adnata in its natural habitat, growing among mosses Nepenthes adnata is endemic to the mountains of the Tjampo river region of West Sumatra. Most ridges in this area have an elevation of just below 1000 m, although several exceed this height.Laumonier, Y. 1997. Geobotany 22: The Vegetation and Physiography of Sumatra.

Cross section of the Bransfield Basin during alternating phases of glaciation The main factor that controls deposition inside the Bransfield Basin is glacial cyclicity. Additional contributing factors include physiography, tectonics, and oceanography. Three stratigraphic units have been identified on the margins. The oldest unit is an over- consolidated diamicton from subglacial processes.

Von Humboldt himself persuaded her to publish (after the publisher sent him a copy). In 1877, Thomas Henry Huxley published his Physiography with the philosophy of universality presented as an integrated approach in the study of the natural environment. The philosophy of universality in geography was not a new one but can be seen as evolving from the works of Alexander von Humboldt and Immanuel Kant. The publication of Huxley physiography presented a new form of geography that analysed and classified cause and effect at the micro-level and then applied these to the macro-scale (due to the view that the micro was part of the macro and thus an understanding of all the micro-scales was need to understand the macro level).

An ecoprovince is a biogeographic unit smaller than an ecozone that contains one or more ecoregions. According to Demarchi (1996), an ecoprovince encompasses areas of uniform climate, geological history and physiography (i.e. mountain ranges, large valleys, plateaus). Their size and broad internal uniformity make them ideal units for the implementation of natural resource policies.

Map of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben The Ottawa River lies in the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben, which is a Mesozoic rift valley that formed 175 million years ago. Much of the river flows through the Canadian Shield, although lower areas flow through limestone plains and glacial deposits.Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam. 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario.

See Péwé, Troy L.; "Alpine permafrost in the United States: A Review"; in Arctic and Alpine Research; vol. 15, no. 2 (May 1983); pp. 145–156 During the Pleistocene glaciers were much more extensive than today, covering the whole summit plateauAtwood, Wallace Walter and Mather, Kirtley Fletcher; Physiography and quaternary geology of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado; p.

Geologically, the city is settled in a Tertiary-Quaternary formation lithologically composed by little-consolidated lutites, with remains of flora or fauna, and numerous white-sand lenses of abundant silicon. The residual soils are sandy, almost clay-like and variably deep. Physiography, is a hazy landscape due to the undulations of the soil erosion caused by rain.

Moosic is located in the Wyoming Valley of northeastern Pennsylvania. In terms of physiography, Moosic is part of the Ridge and Valley province of the Appalachian Mountains. Moosic is located at an elevation of above sea level. The major body of water flowing through the borough is the Lackawanna River, part of the Upper Susquehanna-Lackawanna Watershed.

This approach emphasized the empirical collection of data over the theoretical. The same approach was also used by Halford John Mackinder in 1887. However, the integration of the Geosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere under physiography was soon over taken by Davisian geomorphology. Over the past two centuries the quantity of knowledge and the number of tools has exploded.

Hills lectured at the university from 1932 to 1943 climbing the academic ranks from lecturer, senior lecturer to associate professor; he became a full professor and the Chair of the geology department in 1944, he held this position until 1971. He also involved in the university administration serving as Deputy Vice-Chancellor from 1962 to 1971. While at Melbourne his fields of research were broad encompassing Australian fossil fishes of the Upper Devonian and Cainozoic, physiography, hydrology, petrology and mineralogy of Victoria and economic geology. In addition to scientific papers and monographs, Hills produced three geology textbooks; Outlines of Structural Geology (first published in 1940), The Physiography of Victoria: an Introduction to Geomorphology (first published in 1940), Elements of Structural Geology (first published in 1963), each was reprinted into multiple editions.

It is sometimes used as a synonym for physical geography, and is sometimes as the science which describes and explains the physical features of the earth's surface". By 1911, the definition of physiography in Encyclopædia Britannica had evolved to be "In popular usage the words 'physical geography' have come to mean geography viewed from a particular standpoint rather than any special department of the subject. The popular meaning is better conveyed by the word physiography, a term which appears to have been introduced by Linnaeus, and was reinvented as a substitute for the cosmography of the Middle Ages by Professor Huxley. Although the term has since been limited by some writers to one particular part of the subject, it seems best to maintain the original and literal meaning.

Fraser is a veteran of World War II, serving in the Royal Canadian Air Force/Royal Air Force. In 1955, he received a M.A. degree from the University of Toronto. He received his Ph.D. in 1964 from Clark University; his dissertation was entitled The physiography of Boothia Peninsula, Northwest territories a study in terrain analysis and air photo interpretation of an Arctic area.

The species occurs in terrestrial valley and ridge physiography, generally in mature hardwood forests with well-drained soils. It lays eggs in moist cavities, where they develop directly without a larval stage. Individuals can be found under logs and rocks and tolerate cool weather well. In wet weather, they forage in leaf litter and as the surface dries, retreat to damp covered areas.

The High Lava Plains ecoregion is a vast, nearly level to undulating sagebrush steppe containing scattered volcanic cones and buttes. Elevation varies from 4,200 to 6,800 feet (1,280 to 2,073 m). The region is similar to the Dissected High Lava Plateau in its physiography, climate, and vegetation, but, unlike the plateau, it is internally drained. As a result, it lacks anadromous fish runs.

The highest part of the crest of the Allegheny Front is also its southernmost high point, Mount Porte Crayon at , on the Pendleton/Randolph county line in West Virginia. Its lowest point, , is along the North Branch of the Potomac River near Keyser, West Virginia.Fenneman, Nevin M. (1938), Physiography of Eastern United States, New York and London: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., pp 250.

Pozhuthana River flows through the middle of the panchayat from south to north and finally drains into Kabani River. The panchayat area is moderately well drained to well drained and exhibits a dendritic drainage pattern. Depth of ground water fluctuates considerably with physiography, but generally remains between a depth of 5–20 m in the elevated areas and 1–5 m in the valleys.

NASA true-color image of the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Physical geography (also known as physiography) is one of the two fields of geography. Physical geography is the branch of natural science which deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, as opposed to the cultural or built environment, the domain of human geography.

Las Pinas is bounded to the northeast by Parañaque; to the southeast by Muntinlupa; to the west and southwest by Bacoor; and to the northwest by Manila Bay. Half of its land area is residential and the remaining half is used for commercial, industrial and institutional purposes. The present physiography of Las Piñas consists of three zones: Manila Bay, coastal margin and the Guadalupe Plateau.

This sand spit, dune and wetland complex occurs on the south shore of the Ottawa River near the town of Westmeath. It is built from sand deposits laid down by the Ottawa River near the end of the last ice age, when larger areas of the Great Lakes drained east down the Ottawa River Valley.L.J. Chapman and D.F. Putnam. 1951. The Physiography of Southern Ontario.

Wallace Walter Atwood studied geography at the University of Chicago, where he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity.Fraternities and Women's Social Clubs Retrieved January 31, 2009. He graduated in 1897 and earned his doctorate in 1903, after which he was Associate Professor of Geology at the University of Chicago until 1913. He was professor of Physiography at Harvard from 1913 to 1920.

Marbut was Professor of Geology and Physiography at the University of Missouri from 1895 until 1910. As a geologist and geographer his initial view was that soils were surface reflections of the geology below them. Marbut changed to recognize soil science as distinct from geology. Eugene W. Hilgard of the University of California and Hopkins of the University of Illinois greatly influenced this change.

The cliffs at Wasson Bluff stand at the edge of the ancient rift valley known as the Fundy Basin. It was created when the supercontinent Pangaea began to break up about 225 million years ago. As the continental plates moved apart, they ruptured, and blocks subsided or rose along fault lines creating complex, twisted layers of rock turned at odd angles.Roland, Albert E. (1982)Geological Background and Physiography of Nova Scotia.

John Thomas Jutson (1874 – 14 November 1959)Australia, Death Index, 1787-1985 was an Australian geologist and lawyer. Jutson was born in Melbourne and while working as a clerk in a law firm, studied geology part-time. He became geological research scholar, University of Melbourne 1909-10 and then worked for the Geological Survey of Western Australia 1911-18. He published The Physiography of Western Australia in 1916.

Ross Archipelago () is a name for that group of islands which, together with the ice shelf between them, forms the eastern and southern boundaries of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. The most northerly is Beaufort Island, then comes Ross Island, the Dellbridge Islands, and Black Island and White Island. Frank Debenham's classic report, The Physiography of the Ross Archipelago, 1923, described "Brown Island" (now Brown Peninsula) as a part of the group.

Monthly Averages for Sylhet, BGD MSN Weather. Retrieved 25 May 2009. The city is located within the region where there are hills and basins which constitute one of the most distinctive regions in Bangladesh. The physiography of Sylhet consists mainly of hill soils, encompassing a few large depressions known locally as "beels" which can be mainly classified as oxbow lakes, caused by tectonic subsidence primarily during the earthquake of 1762.

Martin was born in North Dakota in 1889, the daughter of Lawrence Mathew and Mary (Mandeville) Martin. Initially, she attended the University of Michigan to become a writer, but graduated in 1908 with a bachelor's degree in chemistry and geology. Martin then taught geology and physiography at a high school in Battle Creek, Michigan. In 1916, Martin returned to the University of Michigan to attain her master's degree in geology.

Ecoregions may be identified by similarities in geology, physiography, vegetation, climate, soils, land use, wildlife distributions, and hydrology. The classification system has four levels, but only Levels I and III are shown on this list. Level I divides North America into 15 broad ecoregions; of these, 12 lie partly or wholly within the United States. Fifty Level II regions were created to allow for a narrower delineation of Level I areas.

Chapman was born in Camden Town, London, England and studied at Royal College of Science, London where he was initially an assistant to John Wesley Judd. Chapman qualified as a teacher of geology and physiography at the college and was encouraged by Judd's study of boring samples from around London. He published Foraminifera. An Introduction to the Study of the Protozoa (London, 1902) and went on to become a world authority on Foraminifera.

Jodhpur district comprises three distinct physiography units, the alluvial plains, sand dunes and escarpments. The western and north-western parts of Jodhpur district are characterized by sand dunes. With exception of some parts of Bilara and Osian tehsil, land surface of the district is nearly flat and sandy. Luni is the only important river in the district, it enters Jodhpur district near Bilara and flows for a distance of over 75 km.

Bioregional planning: resource management beyond the new millennium. Harwood Academic Publishers: Sydney, Australia. Omernik (2004) elaborates on this by defining ecoregions as: "areas within which there is spatial coincidence in characteristics of geographical phenomena associated with differences in the quality, health, and integrity of ecosystems". "Characteristics of geographical phenomena" may include geology, physiography, vegetation, climate, hydrology, terrestrial and aquatic fauna, and soils, and may or may not include the impacts of human activity (e.g.

In many ways, the physiography of the Current River Hills ecoregion is similar to that of the Meramec River Hills to the north. However, this region has many endemic species not found in other Ozark regions and the potential natural vegetation here has a greater pine concentration than in regions to the north and west. The region underwent intensive timber cutting in the early decades of the twentieth century. It now sustains major recreational activities.

Collecting hydrographic data as she progressed, she reached T-3 on 17 February. Thence, after conducting tests in cooperation with scientists on the ice island, she got underway for the Bering Strait, the Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii. On 3 March 1960, Sargo, having covered over 11,000 miles (20,000 km), 6,003 miles (11,118 km) under ice, returned to Pearl Harbor with new data on Arctic ice, Arctic waters, and the physiography of the Arctic Basin.

Physiography of the Upper Illinois River Basin South of the Chicago Lake Plain in the central parts of Lake and Porter County and northern LaPorte county is the hilly Wheaton Morainal Plain. The Wheaton Morainal Plain consist of the Valparaiso Moraine and Tinley Moraine, paralleling the Lake Michigan Shoreline. The plain consist of rolling Wisconsinan-age moraines. The Morainal Plain is clayey till, and sandy and loamy till, with areas of sand and gravel.

Geologic belts of Western Canada The geology of British Columbia is a function of its location on the leading edge of the North American continent. The mountainous physiography and the diversity of rock types and ages hint at the complex geology, which is still undergoing revision despite a century of exploration and mapping. The country's most prominent geological features are mountain ranges, including the North American Cordillera, which stretches from Southern Mexico to Alaska.

In 1959, a group from the University of Western Australia's Department of Zoology, accompanied by the English botanist Mary Gillham, travelled to the island; a brief article on its physiography, vegetation and vertebrate fauna was published the following year by Glen Storr. More recent visitors have included P. R. Howden in 1974, Robert Ivan Taylor Prince in 1976, Ronald Eric Johnstone in 1981 and 1983, Phillip Fuller in 1992, and Judith Harvey and Vanda Longman in 1999.

The location of the Reading Prong is shown in dark pink. The Reading Prong stretches from near Reading, Pennsylvania, through northern New Jersey and southern New York, reaching its northern terminus in Connecticut.Forest Physiography In Pennsylvania, the Reading Prong is simply referred to as such, while in New Jersey and New York, the mountains of the subprovince are referred to as the New York – New Jersey Highlands. Near the Hudson Valley, the term Hudson Highlands is often used.

Turbidity currents are often triggered by tectonic disturbances of the sea floor. The displacement of continental crust in the form of fluidization and physical shaking both contribute to their formation. Earthquakes have been linked to turbidity current deposition in many settings, particularly where physiography favors preservation of the deposits and limits the other sources of turbidity current deposition.Adams, J., 1990, Paleoseismicity of the Cascadia subduction zone: Evidence from turbidites off the Oregon-Washington Margin: Tectonics, v.

The history of "physiography" itself is at best a complicated effort. Much of the complications arise from how the term has evolved over time, both as its own 'science' and as a synonym for other branches of science. In 1848, Mary Somerville published her book Physical Geography which gave detailed descriptions of the topography of each continent, along with the distribution of plant, animals and humans. This work gave impetus to further works along the field.

Monthly Averages for Sylhet, BGD MSN Weather. Retrieved 25 May 2009. The physiography of the division consists mainly of hill soils, encompassing a few large depressions known locally as "beels" which can be mainly classified as oxbow lakes, caused by tectonic subsidence primarily during the earthquake of 1762. Geologically, the division is complex having diverse sacrificial geomorphology; high topography of Plio-Miocene age such as the Khasi and Jaintia Hills and small hillocks along the border.

In January 1893 the board of guardians of Galway Poor Law Union decided to establish a technical school in Galway city. Eventually a site was purchased on Dominick Street and in January 1894 classes began. These classes catered for 35 all male student and initially the courses being provided were mathematics, theoretics and physiography, machine construction, building and woodwork. It soon became clear, however, that the building was not large enough to cater for the number of interested student.

His report focused on the sequence of volcanic rocks at Jefferson, in addition to its physiography and glaciology. Aerial photographic surveys of the glaciers at Jefferson were conducted by the Mazamas, a hiking club from Portland, during the 20th century. In 1937, Thayer analyzed Mount Jefferson's petrography and petrology from segments of the Western Cascades and High Cascades, which he separated into local units. He expanded on this research in a 1939 publication looking at Jefferson vicinity lava flows.

The building's 18 science demonstration rooms and laboratories accommodated physiology, physiography, chemistry, botany, and physics, and in the basement, the building was designed with shops for woodworking, machining, and domestic science. The building also had four art rooms with skylights for studio work and three mechanical drafting rooms. The auditorium was the largest in the school system up to that time, with a seating capacity of 1,750, while the music room was built with a capacity of more than 300 students.

W. C. ALDEN; Physiography and Glacial Geology of Western Montana and Adjacent Areas, Geological Survey Professional Paper 231; United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.; 1953 Some of its topography has been carved into U-shaped glacial valleys, it is primarily a product of geologic faulting. The trench splits the Columbia Mountains between the Purcell Mountains on the east and the Selkirk Mountains on the west.Menounos, Brian & Osborn, Gerald & Clague, John & Luckman, Brian. (2009). Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier fluctuations in western Canada.

A number of naturalists have visited the island, starting with the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands in 1913. This expedition spent little time on North Island, as shore collecting was not very successful there, and other islands appeared better suited to their work. Expedition members nevertheless published substantial information about the island, including a description of its physiography and a list of its vertebrates. Australian ornithologist Dom Serventy visited the island in 1945 but left no published account.

Physically, the land in Central Indiana is characterized primarily by low, gently rolling hills and shallow valleys. Some counties of the region, like Howard County, are more flat in nature, while others, such as Morgan County are more rugged and hilly, while Tippecanoe County, trisected by the Wabash River, Tippecanoe River, and Wildcat Creek, has perhaps the most diverse physiography of the region. Elevation ranges from (and more) above sea level. Forests and farmland line Central Indiana's gently rolling plains and river valleys.

The Piedmont region of Virginia is a part of the greater Piedmont physiographic region which stretches from the falls of the Potomac, Rappahannock, and James Rivers to the Blue Ridge Mountains. The region runs across the middle of the state from north to south, expanding outward to a width of nearly 190 miles at the border with North Carolina. To the north, the region continues from Virginia into central Maryland and southeastern Pennsylvania.Overview of the Physiography and Vegetation of Virginia.

Proudman was born at Unsworth, near Bury, Lancashire on 30 December 1888. He attended primary schools at Unsworth and Bold and from 1902 to 1907 he was a pupil-teacher at Farnworth primary school. He augmented his secondary schooling by having extra lessons before school officially started in the morning and also by attending evening classes at Widnes Technical School studying art, mathematics and physiography. He was awarded the Tate Technical Science entrance scholarship and entered the University of Liverpool in 1907.

At George Soros residence, Bye created a soft, undulating topography which allowed for a planned pattern of melting snow, while also creating modulations of light and dark. This technique mitigated a reduction of water runoff to the ocean, keeping the rainwater in the local water table. This was made possible through Bye's knowledge of local ecological conditions and physiography of the region. With the Ha Ha Fence, Bye integrated a stone fence into the existing topography mimic the elements of the natural landscape.

The United States National Arboretum was formally established by an act of Congress on 4 March 1927. The act authorized the creation of the arboretum on what was then called Mount Hamilton, but it did not actually appropriate any funding to make that happen. That particular area was well-suited for the arboretum because it had varied soils and physiography, and no permanent buildings were then present. Ten months later, President Calvin Coolidge signed a law appropriating $300,000 for the National Arboretum.

Rivers in the Sundarbans are meeting places of salt water and freshwater. Thus, it is a region of transition between the freshwater of the rivers originating from the Ganges and the saline water of the Bay of Bengal. The Sundarbans along the Bay of Bengal has evolved over the millennia through natural deposition of upstream sediments accompanied by intertidal segregation. The physiography is dominated by deltaic formations that include innumerable drainage lines associated with surface and subaqueous levees, splays and tidal flats.

The chief has partnered with stakeholders such as government, parastatals, non-governmental organizations and the province's Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. His rural industrialisation plan was launched in the hope that it would encourage a return to traditional values and help attach a high value to education. He approached South Africa's Department of Energy to identify and make use of the area's natural resources for development purposes. Together they identified macadamia as a low-volume, high income crop which would be suitable for the area's physiography.

During this time, he read Thomas Henry Huxley's 1877 work Physiography: An Introduction to the Study of Nature --a gift from his brother James, and a work that would prove influential in MacKaye's future regional planning.Cevasco, p. 271 In October 1903, he enrolled in Harvard's newly established forestry school; he was the school's first student to graduate, in 1905. For the next five years, he alternated between teaching at Harvard's newly created forestry school near Petersham, Massachusetts, and working as a Forest Assistant with the Forest Service.

Physiography of the Kankakee Outwash and Lacustrine Plain (pale green area) The Kankakee Outwash Plain is a flat plain interspersed with sand dunes in the Kankakee River valley in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois of the United States. It is just south of the Valparaiso Moraine and was formed during the Wisconsin Glaciation. As the glacier, stopped at the Valparaiso Moraine, melted, the meltwater was carried away to the outwash plain. On the south side of the moraine, where the elevation drops, the meltwaters eroded away valleys, carrying sand and mud with them.

Landscape development:Gühring/Kull, pp. 28–32 The diverse landscape present in Zuffenhausen is the result of a disparate geological history the deposited various soils and rocks of differing density and solubility. The ice ages of the Pleistocene era completed the recent physiography, composed largely of Loess, Brown and Black soils, the prerequisites for later agricultural use, that began during the Neolithic Revolution with the Linear Pottery culture. Though these fertile soils were spread generously across the river valley, some areas were less fertile than others and were thus better suited for pastures.

Richards attended the University of California, Berkeley, graduating in 1919 with an honors degree in paleontology, geology, and physiography. In 1920, she left California and moved to Houston to work for the Rio Bravo Oil company. While at Berkeley, Richards focused her studies on larger fossils; however, this theoretical education proved to be of little value for underground drilling because remnants of the fossils in drill cuttings were too small to effectively identify. She determined that the microfossils found in the drill cuttings could be useful in the correlation of underground rock formations.

This elevated block is heavily dissected and forms the eastern continuation of the Kosciusko Uplands with contrasting lithology and physiography. It rises to c 1800m above the Yaouk/Cabramatta plain which is a cleared pastoral area lying 600m below. Average annual precipitation is of the order of 1,400mm, some of which falls as snow and with less reliable rainfall in summer when compared to winter precipitation receipt. Above 100mm snow banks may persist for more than 3–4 months amidst the giant tors, domes and rockshelves which dominate the landscape.

In Early Paleoindian Economies of Eastern North America, edited by K. Tankersley and B. Isaac, pp. 163–216. Research in Economic Anthropology Supplement 5. least cost movement pathways for initial colonizing populations in the Americas (with Chris Gillam);Anderson, D.G. and J C. Gillam, 2000, Paleoindian Colonization of the Americas: Implications from an Examination of Physiography, Demography, and Artifact Distributions. American Antiquity 65:43-66.. and the causes of late prehistoric chiefly cycling behavior, the emergence and collapse of complex chiefdoms against a regional background of simple chiefdoms,Anderson, D. G. 1994.

The municipality is in a valley bounded on the east by the Palusong Mountain Range moving south and on the west by the Hitaasan Mountain Range. The land is generally alluvial flat and swamplands which has an elevation of less than above sea level, while going south, south easterly, the physiography abruptly rises to moderately rugged hills with a peak of . The drainage system in the area generally flows north-east towards Carangian Channel. Vegetation in this area generally consists of mangrove trees and shrubs, cogonal growth, and coconuts.

However, very little exploration of the botanical nature of the Sundarbans has been made to keep up with these changes. Differences in vegetation have been explained in terms of freshwater and low salinity influences in the Northeast and variations in drainage and siltation. The Sundarbans has been classified as a moist tropical forest demonstrating a whole mosaic of seres, comprising primary colonisation on new accretions to more mature beach forests. Historically vegetation types have been recognised in broad correlation with varying degrees of water salinity, freshwater flushing and physiography.

Wood, from Anamosa, Iowa, is best known for his painting American Gothic. He also wrote a notable pamphlet titled Revolt Against the City, published in Iowa City in 1935, in which he asserted that American artists and buyers of art were no longer looking to Parisian culture for subject matter and style. Wood wrote that Regional artists interpret the physiography, industry, and psychology of their hometown and that the competition of these preceding elements create American culture. He wrote that the lure of the city was gone, and hoped that part of the widely diffused "whole people" would prevail.

Lapworth Cirque () is a cirque to the west of Goldschmidt Cirque in the eastern portion of the Read Mountains of the Shackleton Range, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy in 1967, and surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey, 1968–71. In association with the names of geologists grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after British geologist Charles Lapworth, who established the stratigraphic succession in southern Scotland and who defined the Ordovician system; he was Professor of Geology and Physiography at Birmingham University, 1881–1913.

Bretz earned an AB degree in biology from Albion College in 1905, then started his career as a high school History and Physiography (study of the physical features of the Earth's surface) teacher in Seattle. During this time he became interested in the geology of Eastern Washington state, and began studying the glacial geology of the Puget Sound area. He continued his studies at the University of Chicago where he earned his Ph.D. in geology in 1913. He became an assistant professor of geology, first at the University of Washington and then the University of Chicago.

The Kraai River (literally "Crow River") is a tributary of the Orange River (also called Gariep River by locals) that flows near Barkly East in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Loch bridge on the Kraai River The Kraai River originates in the mountains south of Lesotho and flows westward from the confluence of the Bell River and the Sterk Spruit at Moshesh's Ford at all the way to Aliwal North, where it joins the Orange River at .Physiography of the Kraai River Catchment WalkerBouts.co.za The river flows almost entirely over sandstone rocks of the Clarens Formation.

It is uncertain when the territory was settled, although it is assumed that the settlement of Ribeira Grande may have directly affected colonization of the area. Local sources put the colonization at around the 15th century, by Flemish and Moorish settlers. Its toponomy was first defined by Father Gaspar Frutuoso during the 16th century, who reflected on the fact that the area received its name owing to the physical topography. As he indicated, the terrestrial physiography, and specifically the land around one of its bays resembled a fish tail, or in Portuguese rabo de peixe (literally tail of the fish).

The plateau that Israel controls is part of a larger area of volcanic basalt fields stretching north and east that were created in the series of volcanic eruptions that began recently in geological terms, almost 4 million years ago, and continue to this day. The rock forming the mountainous area in the northern Golan Heights, descending from Mount Hermon, differs geologically from the volcanic rocks of the plateau and has a different physiography. The mountains are characterised by lighter-colored, Jurassic-age limestone of sedimentary origin. Locally, the limestone is broken by faults and solution channels to form a karst-like topography in which springs are common.

The park is divided into distinct but similar-looking sections - each featuring an ethnic group who lived in the region prior to the post-World War II forced resettlements. Rusyns (Boykos, Lemkos and Dolinians) and Polish Uplanders (pl. Pogórzanie) homes and churches have been transported there from surrounding villages, restored to their original condition and furnished with authentic objects of the period. The individual ethnographic groups (Boyko, Lemko, Pogórzanie and Dolinians) are arranged in separate sections which perfectly fit the landscape physiography: the Bojko and Lemko architecture was located in the upper part of the Park, whereas that of the Pogórzanie and in the upper part of the area.

From 1906 to 1917 he was a faculty member at the University of Wisconsin, rising from Lecturer to Assistant Professor and authoring major works on the physiography of Wisconsin. With the outbreak of World War I, he volunteered to instruct draftees in map interpretation at Fort Sheridan, IL. He quickly was made Colonel and served in the Military Intelligence Division, including assisting in the redrawing of boundaries after the war. After the war, he served as the Geographer in the Office of the Geographer at the Department of State before heading the Geography & Maps Division of the Library of Congress, a position he held until 1946.

The Pampas (from the , meaning "plain") are fertile South American lowlands that cover more than and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba; all of Uruguay; and Brazil's southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul. The vast plains are a natural region, interrupted only by the low Ventana and Tandil hills, near Bahía Blanca and Tandil (Argentina), with a height of and , respectively. The climate is temperate, with precipitation of that is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year, making the soils appropriate for agriculture. The area is also one of the distinct physiography provinces of the larger Paraná-Paraguay Plain division.

In current usage, physiography still lends itself to confusion as to which meaning is meant, the more specialized "geomorphological" definition or the more encompassing "physical geography" definition. For the remainder of this article, emphasis will remain on the more "geomorphological" usage, which is based upon geological landforms, not on climate, vegetation, or other non-geological criteria. For the purposes of physiographic mapping, landforms are classified according to both their geologic structures and histories. Distinctions based on geologic age also correspond to physiographic distinctions where the forms are so recent as to be in their first erosion cycle, as is generally the case with sheets of glacial drift.

The terraces of the Western Lowlands Pleistocene Valley Trains are largely composed of Pleistocene glacial outwash that was transported to Arkansas by the Mississippi River and deposited by braided streams. Physiography is widely muted by windblown silt deposits (loess), sand sheets, or sand dunes; loess and sand sheets are more widespread than in the Northern Pleistocene Valley Trains (73b) and St. Francis Lowlands (73c). Many interdunal depressions called “sandponds” occur and are either in contact with the water table or have a perched aquifer. Elevations are higher than adjacent parts of the Northern Holocene Meander Belts (73a) and Western Lowlands Holocene Meander Belts (73f); consequently, uplands are rarely if ever flooded.

Pampas are the fertile South American lowlands that include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba, most of Uruguay, and the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in the southernmost end of Brazil covering more than . These vast plains are only interrupted by the low Ventana and Tandil hills near Bahía Blanca and Tandil (Argentina), with a height of and respectively. The climate is mild, with precipitation of to , more or less evenly distributed through the year, making the soils appropriate for agriculture. This area is also one of the distinct physiography provinces of the larger Paraná-Paraguay Plain division.

The Eurekan orogeny was a Phanerozoic mountain building event that affected the eastern portion of the Arctic Archipelago and, to a lesser extent, northern Greenland. Deformation initiated in the Late Cretaceous, during which time the Sverdrup Basin began to fragment and fold in response to the counterclockwise rotation of Greenland, caused by seafloor spreading in the Canadian Arctic Rift System. Isostatic uplift was most pronounced in the Grantland Mountains and Victoria and Albert Mountains on Ellesmere Island and in the Princess Margaret Range on Axel Heiberg Island, as evidenced by the current physiography. Compression in a broad zone on Ellesmere Island resulted in the formation of the Eurekan Fold Belt.

One of various geographical definitions of the Province The Basin and Range Province is a vast physiographic region covering much of the inland Western United States and northwestern Mexico. It is defined by unique basin and range topography, characterized by abrupt changes in elevation, alternating between narrow faulted mountain chains and flat arid valleys or basins. The physiography of the province is the result of tectonic extension that began around 17 million years ago in the early Miocene epoch. The numerous ranges within the province in the United States are collectively referred to as the "Great Basin Ranges", although many are not actually in the Great Basin.

The effort was successful in reaching the headwall of the glacier and thereby provided graduates in geography, geology and mineralogy with the opportunity to make observations which laid the basis for post-war British glaciological research. Grove examined the banding on and in Veslskautbreen and Veslgjuvbreen and gained her PhD in 1956 for this work – 'A study of aspects of the physiography of certain glaciers in Norway'. She produced two chapters in the 'Investigations on Norwegian Cirque Glaciers' (Royal Geographical Society Research Series: number 4, 1960) edited by Lewis, which brought together this innovative work, and published three other papers on the nature of these glaciers. From 1951-53 she lectured at Bedford College, London, under Gordon Manley.

It includes 26 black-and-white plates, both of paintings of the birds by Allan Brooks, and of photographs of the habitat. The book is an ornithological treatise on the avifauna of the island of Hispaniola (divided between the nations of Haiti and the Dominican Republic) in the Caribbean. It is based on the fieldwork carried out, and collections made, by various expeditions there, especially those of William Louis Abbott, and of Wetmore himself. The first 57 pages of the book are taken up by accounts of the physiography of the island, the history of ornithological exploration and of fieldwork for the Smithsonian Institution there, as well as a general discussion of the avifauna.

His earlier writings were devoted to classical geography, but in later years he wrote extensively on glacial geology, the history of geography, and regional geography. In the last group are some of his best- known works, such as the systemic monographs on the Ionian Islands, the standard geography of central Europe, and the geography of Silesia. Among English-speaking people he is best known as the author of "Central Europe" (English, 1903; German, 1904), the English edition, prepared by H. J. Mackinder, appearing in the series "The Regions of the World." This book was of particular value for its account of the physiography of the region which became the battle ground of Europe (1914, et seq.) and especially of the last chapter, "The Conditions of National Defense".

Cross section of an oceanic trench formed along an oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary The Peru–Chile Trench is located just left of the sharp line between the blue deep ocean (on the left) and the light blue continental shelf, along the west coast of South America. It runs along an oceanic-continental boundary, where the oceanic Nazca Plate subducts beneath the continental South American Plate Trenches are centerpieces of the distinctive physiography of a convergent plate margin. Transects across trenches yield asymmetric profiles, with relatively gentle (~5°) outer (seaward) slopes and a steeper (~10–16°) inner (landward) slopes. This asymmetry is due to the fact that the outer slope is defined by the top of the downgoing plate, which must bend as it starts its descent.

The physiography of Latvia and its neighboring areas was formed, to a large degree, during the Quaternary period and the Pleistocene ice age, when soil and debris were pushed by glaciers into mounds and hills. Undulating plains cover 75% of Latvia's territory and provide the main areas for farming; 25% of the territory lies in uplands of moderate-sized hills. About 27% of the total territory is cultivable, with the central Zemgale Plain south of Riga being the most fertile and profitable. The three main upland areas, in the provinces of Kurzeme (western Latvia), Vidzeme (central Latvia, Vidzeme Upland and Aluksne Upland), and Latgale (eastern Latvia), provide a picturesque pattern of fields interspersed with forests and numerous lakes and rivers.

Hills graduated from high school in 1924 and with classmate Harrie Massey received a scholarship to attend the University of Melbourne. Hills had chosen his undergraduate courses with the idea of becoming a chemist and took geology as a suitable ancillary, however his studies led him to become a geologist and physiographer. Hills undertook his MSc at the University of Melbourne under E. W. Skeats, his graduate field work was based at Cathedral Range just outside Melbourne and he studied fossil fishes, acid vulcanism and physiography in the area. With Skeats' support Hills was awarded a 1851 Exhibition scholarship to travel to the United Kingdom and attend the Royal College of Science (now the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine).

The most recent avulsion, initiated in the 1870s, has had profound effects on the physiography and ecosystems in the northwestern region of the delta. Smith, N.D., Slingerland, R.L., Pérez- Arlucea, M., and Morozova, G.S., 1998, The 1870s avulsion of the Saskatchewan River: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35: 453-466. For example, Cumberland Lake, the largest lake in the SRD, has become shallower --- from pre-avulsion depths of over 6 meters to average depths of less than 1.5 meters today --- through sediment infilling following the avulsion. The 1870s event also contributed to the demise of sternwheeler riverboat traffic on the Saskatchewan River in the late 1800s and early 1900s because of difficulties in navigating through the modified channel networks resulting from the diversion.

The Nicaraguan Canal Commission carried out the most thorough hydrological survey yet of the San Juan River and its watershed, and in 1899 concluded that an interoceanic project was feasible at a total cost of US$138 million. At the same time, the Geological Society of America published the “Physiography and Geology of Region Adjacent to the Nicaragua Canal Route” in its Bulletin in May 1899, which remains one of the most detailed geological surveys of the San Juan River region.. In the late 19th century, the United States government negotiated with President José Santos Zelaya to lease the land to build a canal through Nicaragua. Luis Felipe Corea, the Nicaraguan minister in Washington, wrote to United States Secretary of State John Hay expressing the Zelaya government's support for such a canal.

The Allegheny Plateau,Jones, Stephen B.1; Saviello, Thomas B A Field Guide to Site Quality for the Allegheny Hardwood Region Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, Volume 8, Number 1, 1 March 1991, pp. 3–8(6) the Cumberland Plateau,PHYSIOGRAPHY Wayne L. Newell the Ozark Plateau, and the Catskill MountainsCatskill Center in the United States, the Blue Mountains and Hornsby Plateau in Australia and the Deccan Plateau in India are examples of dissected plateaus formed after regional uplift. These older uplifts have been eroded by creeks and rivers to develop steep relief not immediately distinguishable from mountains. Many areas of the Allegheny Plateau and the Cumberland Plateau, which are at the western edge of the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America, are called "mountains" but are actually dissected plateaus.

The name Level Mountain is a reference to the gently sloping plateau surface of this large volcano. It was adopted on December 21, 1944 as identified in the Canada Department of Mines Summary Report, 1925, Part A. This name appeared on the National Topographic System (NTS) map 104/NE but was replaced with the name Level Mountain Range on August 14, 1952 upon production of NTS map 104J. The reason for this name change was that cartographers were uncertain as to what the name Level Mountain referred to. They cited H. S. Bostock's 1948 report Physiography of the Canadian Cordillera, With Special Reference to the Area North of the Fifty-Fifth Parallel in which Bostock stated that Level Mountain was a small prominent mountain range on the Nahlin Plateau.

Coast Range (1), Willamette Valley (3), Cascades (4), Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills (9), Columbia Plateau (10), Blue Mountains (11), Snake River Plain (12), Klamath Mountains (78), and Northern Basin and Range (80). (Compare to map of Level IV ecoregions.) This list of ecoregions in Oregon provides an overview of ecoregions in the U.S. state of Oregon designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC). The Commission's 1997 report, Ecological Regions of North America, provides a spatial framework that may be used by government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and academic researchers as a basis for risk analysis, resource management, and environmental study of the continent's ecosystems. Ecoregions may be identified by similarities in geology, physiography, vegetation, climate, soils, land use, wildlife distributions, and hydrology.

Lucas did not confine his life to school work, and while at Wesley College also lectured on natural science to the colleges at the University of Melbourne, and in later years lectured on physiography at the University of Sydney. He also took much interest in the various learned societies, and during his early days at Melbourne was president of the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria (which was founded by his brother) and edited the Victorian Naturalist for some years. Lucas was a member of the council of the Royal Society of Victoria, and subsequently of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, of which he also became president (1907–1909). Lucas contributed many papers to their proceedings; a list of more than 60 will be found in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, vol.

However, a map in Fenneman's Physiography of Western United States (1931) shows a long Jefferson Range to include what is now called the Tobacco Roots plus the Gravelly Range. Oil Company highway maps from the late 1960s and early 1970s show "Tobacco Root Mountains" in the north, and "Jefferson Range" in the south (northwest of Ennis and north of Virginia City). Preliminary topographic maps of the area (Bureau of Reclamation, Missouri Basin Project) from 1947-48 show Jefferson Range, but on the 1950 15-minute sheet (Harrison Quad) the identical topography is labeled "Tobacco Root Mountains" in the same place as "Jefferson Range" on the maps that were just two years older. The 1947 Bozeman 1:250,000 shaded relief map has Jefferson Range, but the 1958 (Bozeman 1:250,000) and 1962 (Dillon) regular editions use Tobacco Root Mountains.

A fairly narrow strip dividing the Eastern and Western Cross Timbers, the Grand Prairie differs in physiography, topography, and land use from both of these, as it is much more nearly level and better suited to agriculture. It includes a small part of Love County, Oklahoma (the only part of this region outside of Texas) and passes south through western Cooke County, eastern Wise County, and western Denton, Tarrant, and Johnson counties, and also includes parts of Parker, Erath, Hood, Somervell, Hill, and McClennan counties. This region contains the cities of Fort Worth, Granbury and Denton, although Denton lies on the border with the Eastern Cross Timbers. I-35 and I-35W cross north to south, while US 82, US 380, I-30, I-20, US 377, and US 67 cross east to west; US 81 and US 287 also cross southwest to northeast.

Among the prominent American geographers, Ellen Churchill Semple, a native of Louisville, Kentucky, informally encouraged Frank L. McVey, President of the University of Kentucky, to establish a geography program, when in 1920 she donated to the university the Cullum Geographical Medal (awarded to her in 1914 by the American Geographical Society). The need for a separate geography program was clearly demonstrated during the next two decades, but it was the decision of the recently appointed president, Herman Lee Donovan, to recommend the establishment of a Geography Department within the College of Arts and Sciences early in the summer of 1944. UK Geography would begin active work at the opening of the fall semester in September 1944.The Louisville Courier-Journal (July 22, 1944) Since 1923, well before the establishment of the department, courses titled Physiography, Elements of Geography, Economic Geography, Conservation of Natural Resources, Land Problems, Geography of North America, and Geographic Basis of American History had been offered in departments of Geology, Economics, History, and Agriculture.

Important Bird Areas: Virginia, National Audubon Society (last accessed July 4, 2020). Peregrine falcons, whose numbers dramatically declined due to DDT pesticide poisoning in the middle of the 20th century, are the focus of conservation efforts in the state; as of 2017, Virginia had 31 breeding pairs of the bird, and a reintroduction program in Shenandoah National Park was underway. Virginia has 226 species of freshwater fish, from 25 families; the state's diverse array of fish species is attributable to its varied and humid climate, physiography, river system interconnections, and lack of Pleistocene glaciers. For example, the state is home to Eastern blacknose dace and sculpin (on the Appalachian Plateau); smallmouth bass and redhorse sucker (in the Ridge and Valley region); brook trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, and the Kanawha darter (in the Blue Ridge); stripeback darter and Roanoke Bass (in the Piedmont); and swampfish, bluespotted sunfish, and pirate perch (on the Coastal Plain).

From the Oxus (1,000 feet) to Faizabad (4,000 feet) and Zebak (8,500 feet) the course of the Kokcha offers a high road across Badakhshan; between Zebak and Ishkashim, at the Oxus bend, there is but an insignificant pass of 9,500 feet; and from Ishkashim by the Panj River, through the Pamirs, is the continuation of what must once have been a much-traversed trade route connecting Afghan Turkestan with Kashgar of China. It is undoubtedly one of the great continental high-roads of Asia. North of the Kokcha, within the Oxus bend, is the mountainous district of Darwaz, of which the physiography belongs rather to the Pamir type than to that of the Hindu Kush. A very remarkable meridional range extends for 100 miles northwards from the Hindu Kush (it is across this range that the route from Zebak to Ishkashim lies), which determines the great bend of the Oxus river northwards from Ishkashim, and narrows the valley of that river into the formation of a trough as far as the next bend westwards at Kala Wamar.