He is philologically interesting as still using the ionic dialect.
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Kobayashi's article provides a nice blend of linguistics and philologically informed reading.
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Further, this view calls the link between "lipi" and "dipi" to be philologically "far fetched".
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Having cultural and philosophical value, the poem illustrates midlevel abstracting in a philologically suitable form.
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The German view of philologically interesting mythologies pregnant with sophisticated ideas proved uncommonly congenial to the British.
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For example, Davis treats various kinds of ambiguity that are philologically quite different on more or less the same plane.
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42, modifying Krall's etymology in "Trans. 7th Orientalist. Congr." p. 110. This interpretation is philologically plausible and has since become somewhat popular.
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Because of such developments, the term Indo-European is still historically, philologically, and taxonomically sound, but it has lost its geographical rationale.
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Twentieth-century approaches to palaeography included the philologically based methods of Ludwig Traube of Munich and the technical and aesthetic perceptions of E. A. Lowe.
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It is a textually and philologically rich exploration of Tolkien the man, the teacher, and the mentor and a brilliant way to end this volume.
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Titled Ecclesiastes philologic et critice illustratus,Palm, Johannes Henricus van der. "Ecclesiastes philologic et critice illustratus" (Ecclesiastes philologically and critically illustrated). S. en. J. Luchtmans, 1784.
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Aql has many different meanings in Islamic philosophy and psychology. The word aql means to restrain or to tie philologically. Reason namely something which prevent human from hurry judgment and behavior. Aql gradually transformed to reason semantically.
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The publication by Collins et al. was criticised by Stephenson and Green (2003). These authors insist that the problems with the Chinese and Japanese documents can easily be resolved philologically (as common copyists' mistakes) and need not indicate unreliability of the Chinese observations.
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This note is thought to describe events during the "Hyksos domination", a period of external interruption in ancient Egyptian society which is closely related with its second intermediary period. With these non-mathematical yet historically and philologically intriguing errata, the papyrus's writing comes to an end.
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Bnei Baruch is criticized in Israel by three different groups. First, some academic scholars of the Kabbalah in the tradition of Gershom Scholem regard Bnei Baruch's "pragmatic" Kabbalah as not philologically correct, nor true to the ancient sources. This criticism is mostly confined to the academic milieu.Introvigne (2017), 33.
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Bicosoeca is a genus of bicosoecids in the family Bicosoecaceae. It is the type genus of its family. The name Bicosoeca, described by James-Clark in 1866, is derived from Greek roots (, vase, bowl, plus , inhabit). The philologically preferable compound would be Bicoeca, as "corrected" by Stein in 1878 and followed by most subsequent authors.
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The word "house" can also mean, literally, a house where a family lived. The missing letters could read (Ahijah) "[hyja]H". At least three of the Biblical Ahijahs were priests and the inscription may be a reference to a priestly family rather than a deity. Halpern also notes that the unusual syntax of the inscription makes this interpretation philologically possible.
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Para is a Sanskrit word that means "higher" in some contexts, and "highest or supreme" in others.Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford University Press, Article on Para Brahman in Hinduism connotes the Absolute, the Ultimate Reality in the universe.James Lochtefeld, Brahman, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing.
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Dvaita (द्वैत) is a Sanskrit word that means "duality, dualism".Sir Monier Monier-Williams, Dvaita, A Sanskrit- English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages, Oxford University Press (Reprinted: Motilal Banarsidass), , page 507 The term refers to any premise, particularly in theology on the material and the divine, where two principles (truths) or realities are posited to exist simultaneously and independently.
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Devanagari is a compound of "deva" and "nāgarī" . Deva means "heavenly or divine" and is also one of the terms for a deity in Hinduism.Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary” Etymologically and Philologically Arranged to cognate Indo- European Languages, Motilal Banarsidass, page 492 Nagari comes from नगरम् (nagaram), which means abode or city. Hence, Devanagari denotes from the abode of divinity or deities.
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Of the number of works attributed to him, many are pseudepigraphic or doubtful. The works which can be attributed to him with certainty or at least with some plausibility are not scholarly treatises but propedeutic (introductory) handbooks for use in teaching beginners. They were composed in Greek but survive only in Armenian translation. Philologically, these translations are important representatives of the "hellenizing" tradition in Armenian literature (Yownaban Dproc‘) of the 6th to 8th centuries.
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Instead, the author(s) chose yellow ochre to represent gold within the individual images, i.e. the gold cuirasses of noble figures, and the halo of Zeus (folios XXXIV). Cardinal Angelo Mai, librarian of the Ambrosiana in the early 1800s, became convinced that the manuscript was from the 3rd century, and therefore philologically extremely important. He labelled the miniatures, and applied harsh chemicals to the manuscript in an attempt to improve the legibility of the text.
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One of Estienne's frequent authors was Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples; Estienne published his Psalterium quintuplex in 1509, his commentaries on Psalms in 1507, and commentaries on the Epistles of Paul in 1512. Moreover, these works represented one of the first instances in which the Bible was studied philologically. In addition to Estienne's collaboration with Lefèvre d'Étaples, Estienne had connections with Guillaume Budé and Guillaume Briçonnet. Beatus Rhenanus served as one of Estienne's proofreaders.
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Bicosoecaceae is a family of bicosoecids in the order Bicosoecida. The name of the type genus Bicosoeca described by James-Clark in 1866 is derived from Greek roots (, vase, bowl, plus , inhabit). The philologically preferable compound would be Bicoeca, as "corrected" by Stein in 1878 and followed by most subsequent authors. However, according to the ICBN and ICZN, the original spelling of the name cannot be considered incorrect and it must be used in its original form.
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A page from the Yajnavalkya Shiksha manuscript (Sanskrit, Devanagari). This text is also called Vajasaneyi Shiksha and Traisvarya Lakshana. Shiksha ( IAST: ) is a Sanskrit word, which means "instruction, lesson, learning, study of skill".Sir Monier Monier-Williams, Siksha, A DkSanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages, Oxford University Press (Reprinted: Motilal Banarsidass), , page 1070 It also refers to one of the six Vedangas, or limbs of Vedic studies, on phonetics and phonology in Sanskrit.
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The philologically preferable compound would be Bicoeca, as "corrected" by Stein in 1878 and followed by most subsequent authors. However, according to the ICBN and ICZN, the original spelling of the name cannot be considered incorrect and it must be used in its original form. The group was formerly considered to be related to the Chrysophyceae. Some authors use the vernacular term "bicosoecid" (or "bicoecid") in a narrower sense, only for Bicosoeca, applying "bicoeceans" to Bicosoeca and related groups like Cafeteria.
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In 1905, Rabbi David Zvi Hoffmann wrote an extensive, two-volume, philologically based critique of the Wellhausen theory, which supported Jewish orthodoxy. Bible professor Benjamin D. Sommer says it is "among the most precise and detailed commentaries on the legal texts [Leviticus and Deuteronomy] ever written". According to Aly Elrefaei, the strongest refutation of Wellhausen's Documentary theory came from Yehezkel Kaufmann in 1937. Kaufmann was the first Jewish scholar to fully exploit higher criticism to counter another hypothesis of higher criticism.
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Christ's College Cambridge: Masters of Christ's College since 1505 Ill-health forced him to turn down the Vice-Chancellor's post. Responsible for a number of academic works, he spent forty years working on an edition of the Septuagint. His life work lay within a field that philologically-equipped theologians had pursued relentlessly since the seventeenth century: the establishment of a complete variorum edition of the scriptural texts. McLean, whose background was devoutly Presbyterian, spent forty years working on an edition of the Septuagint.
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Broadly speaking, Analysts tended to study the epics philologically, bringing to bear criteria, linguistic and otherwise, that were little different from those of the ancient Alexandrians. Unitarians tended to be literary critics who were more interested in appreciating the artistry of the poems than in analysing them. But artistic merit was the unspoken motivation behind both schools of thought. Homer must at all costs be hallowed as the great, original, genius; everything good in the epics is to be attributed to him.
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Devas are benevolent supernatural beings in the Vedic era literature, with Indra (above) as their leader. The above gilt copper statue of Indra with inlaid semi-precious stones is from 16th-century Nepal. Deva (; Sanskrit: , ) means "heavenly, divine, anything of excellence", and is also one of the terms for a deity in Hinduism.Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary” Etymologically and Philologically Arranged to cognate Indo-European Languages, Motilal Banarsidass, page 492 Deva is a masculine term; the feminine equivalent is Devi.
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Conant's treatise, The Meaning and Use of Baptizing Philologically and Historically Investigated (1860), an appendix to the revised version of the Gospel by Matthew, is a valuable summary of the evidence for Baptist doctrine. Conant translated and edited Gesenius's Hebrew Grammar (1839; 1877)—and criticized a competing translation by Moses Stuart. He published revised versions with notes of Job (1856), Genesis (1868), Psalms (1871), Proverbs (1872), Isaiah i.xiii. 22 (1874), and Historical Books of the Old Testament, Joshua to II. Kings (1884).
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Cunyu supported use of the Old Text Shujing despite some of its chapters being held as philologically suspicious: in his view, they were essential for social and political order.Elman, 105 He also advocated reform against cheating at the imperial examinations, not only among the Chinese, but also inside the bannermen section. Despite censorial criticism, his position was supported by Qianlong himself. Over the clash with rising power of Heshen (1746-1799), Cunyu left the court (1786)Elman, 109 and committed himself to textual studies that would not be known until the 1820s.
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St. Augustine suggested a method to improve the Biblical exegesis in presence of particularly difficult passages. Readers shall believe all the Scripture is inspired by God and that each author wrote nothing in which he didn't believe personally, or that he believed to be false. Readers must distinguish philologically, and keep separate, their own interpretations, the written message and the originally intended meaning of the messenger and author (in Latin: intentio). Disagreements may arise "either as to the truth of the message itself or as to the messenger's meaning" (XII.23).
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In particular, applied methods borrowed from Chinese Kaozheng philology with rigid empiricism. He used this hermeneutic to philologically critique Buddhism and instead located Shinto as the indigenous Japanese religion. Similarly his Waji Shōranshō (1693: A Treatise on the Proper way to Write Japanese Words) challenged the standard orthographical conventions set by Fujiwara no Teika and reconstructed distinctions in the old Japanese lexicon based on the earliest texts. In addition to these Keichū wrote the Kōganshō (厚顔抄 1691 A Brazen-faced Treatise, the Kokin Yozaishō, the Seigodan, the Genchū Shūi, and the Hyakunin Isshu Kaikanshō.
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Abhiraka was an Indo-Scythian king and a member of the Kshaharata dynasty, who belonged to the Abhira tribe.A Sanskrit-English dictionary: etymologically and philologically arranged ... By Sir Monier Monier-Williams-page-145 He was the father of Bhumaka, and the grandfather of Nahapana. He is known through his coins, which are found in the northern Pakistan area of Chukhsa, and then later in the south, suggesting a southern migration at some point, possibly in search for trade. His coins have been found extensively in Afghanistan and as far as Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
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Suratrana (IAST: Suratrāṇa, सुरत्राण) is a Sanskrit word that has been interpreted to mean either "protector of gods", or a transliteration of the Islamic word "Sultan" into Sanskrit.P. Acharya (1946), Jajnagar from epigraphic and literary sources from Orissa and Bengal, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol. 9 (1946), pp. 215-227, Quote: "Suratrana means the protector of gods", Quote: "Hindu-suratrana ('the Hindu Sultan')" The term consists of two words "sura" (सुर) meaning "deva, gods, deity",Sura, Monier Williams, A Sanskrit English Dictionary, Etymologically and Philologically Arranged, Oxford University Press, page 1234 and trana (त्राण) meaning "protect, preserve, defend".
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Pranagnihotra is a compound Sanskrit word, composed of Prana (soul-life force, breath of life, vital breath and energy), Agni (fire) and Hotra (oblation, sacrifice).Monier Monier-Williams (2002), A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Etymologically and Philologically Arranged to cognate Indo-European Languages, Motilal Banarsidass, pp. 6, 705 The title of the text, states Paul Deussen, means the Upanishad of "fire offering made to the Prana" (life force), or the "sacrifice offered in the Prana-fire." The term Pranagnihotra (or prana agnihotra) appears in many ancient Sanskrit texts, and has been generally interpreted in two ways, states Bodewitz.
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For a historical and philologically oriented view, see Vito Giustiniani's "Homo, Humanus, and the Meanings of Humanism", Journal of the History of Ideas 46: 2 (April–June 1985): 167–95. Generally, however, humanism refers to a perspective that affirms some notion of human freedom and progress. It views humans as solely responsible for the promotion and development of individuals and emphasizes a concern for humans in relation to the world.Domenic Marbaniang, "Developing the Spirit of Patriotism and Humanism in Children for Peace and Harmony", Children At Risk: Issues and Challenges, Jesudason Jeyaraj (Ed.), Bangalore: CFCD/ISPCK, 2009, p.
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''''' is a Sanskrit term which means "a thousand names".Sir Monier Monier- Williams, sahasranAman, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages, Oxford University Press (Reprinted: Motilal Banarsidass), It is also a genre of stotra literature, usually found as a title of the text named after a deity, such as Vishnu Sahasranāma, wherein the deity is remembered by 1,000 names, attributes or epithets.David Kinsley (1974), Through the Looking Glass: Divine Madness in the Hindu Religious Tradition, History of Religions, Vol. 13, No. 4, pages 270-305 As stotras, Sahasra-namas are songs of praise, a type of devotional literature.
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Lars Johanson (born 8 March 1936 in Köping, Sweden) is a Swedish Turcologist and linguist, an emeritus professor at the University of Mainz, and docent at the Department of Linguistics and Philology, University of Uppsala, Sweden. He has been instrumental in transforming the field of Turcology, which was traditionally more philologically oriented, into a linguistic discipline. Apart from his contributions to Turcology, Lars Johanson made a number of pioneering contributions to general linguistics and language typology, in particular to the typology of tense and aspect systems and the theory of language contact. In the period of 1966–2015 he published more than 300 titles, books and scholarly articles.
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The name "Alchon" generally given to them comes from the Bactrian legend of their early coinage, where they simply imitated Sassanian coins to which they added the name "alchono" (αλχονο, also αλχοννο) in Bactrian script (a slight adaptation of the Greek script) and the tamgha symbol of their clan.For one of these coins30pxKhingila with the word "Alchono" in the Bactrian script (αλχονο) and the Tamgha symbol on his coins CNG Coins. Several original coins such as those of Khingila also bear the mention "alchono" together with the Tamgha symbol. Philologically, "alchono" (αλχονο) may be a combination of al- for Aryan and -xono for Huns, although this remains hypothetical.
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The Dindsenchas relate that Loch Léin was where he would make bright vessels for Fand the Long-Haired, the daughter of Flidais. Every night, after finishing his work, it is written that he used to fling his anvil away to a nearby hill called the Indeoin na nDési or 'Anvil of the Dési' and the showers that came from the back of the hill were said to be pearls off his anvil as it was flung. Whether the name Lén can be philologically related to the Romano-Celtic god Lenus is disputable. While the meaning of the name is uncertain, the Old Irish words lén 'defeat, misfortune'Entry for lén in the online dictionary of Sabhal Mòr Ostaig.
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Monier-Williams states that the term appears in Vedic literature such as in the Aitereya Brahmana (Rigveda) and the Shatapatha Brahmana (Yajurveda).Sir Monier Monier-Williams, Japa, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages, Oxford University Press (Reprinted: Motilal Banarsidass), , page 412 The term means muttering, whispering or murmuring passages from the scripture, or charms, or names of deity. Often it is the repetitive singing of a verse or mantra, sometimes counted with the help of a rosary which is called Japa-mala. A related word, Japana appears in Book 12 of the Mahabharata, where muttering prayers is described as a form of religious offering.
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It also replaced Persian in offices in Deccan while Persian in North India was still a language of Court and maintained its place as the language of higher education in Muslim India even under British colonial rule down to 1832. Philologically speaking there always remained a good deal of difference in the Deccan and northern India's Urdu. Deccani (Dakhani) Urdu borrowed greatly from Marathi, Tamil, Telugu and other local languages and the Dakhani Urdu dialects merged into a single literary language in the 16th century. It was in the Deccan that Urdu had its first literary efflorescence In the courts of Golconda and Bijapur after the fall of the Bahmani Kingdom in the 16th century.
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In the earliest Vedic literature, all supernatural beings are called DevasEncyclopaedia Britannica - DevaEncyclopedia of Ancient Deities by Charles Russell Coulter, Patricia Turner. Pg.147George Williams (2008), A Handbook of Hindu Mythology, Oxford University Press, , pages 90, 112 and Asuras.Wash Edward Hale (1999), Ásura in Early Vedic Religion, Motilal Barnarsidass, , pages 5-11, 22, 99-102Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit- English Dictionary” Etymologically and Philologically Arranged to cognate Indo-European Languages, Motilal Banarsidass, page 121 The concepts and legends evolve in ancient Indian literature, and by the late Vedic period, benevolent supernatural beings are referred to as Deva-Asuras. In post-Vedic texts, such as the Puranas and the Itihasas of Hinduism, the Devas represent the good, and the Asuras the bad.
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Vertumnus and Pomona (1682–1683) by Luca Giordano The name Vortumnus most likely derives from Etruscan Voltumna. Its formation in Latin was probably influenced by the Latin verb vertere meaning "to change", hence the alternative form Vertumnus. Ancient etymologies were based on often superficial similarities of sound rather than the principles of modern scientific linguistics, but reflect ancient interpretations of a deity's function.Eytmology in Propertius, Elegy 4; commentary by L. Richardson Jr. (1977), noting that the etymology is not philologically sound. In writing about the Festival of Vesta in his poem on the Roman calendar, Ovid recalls a time when the forum was still a reedy swamp and "that god, Vertumnus, whose name fits many forms, / Wasn’t yet so-called from damming back the river" (averso amne).
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Nietzsche goes on to analysing the Bible philologically and to guesses about the person of Jesus. He claims that it was not the aim of the latter to have anybody serve him, for God rules everything anyway; to the contrary, in Nietzsche's opinion Jesus fought with churchedness and the notion of sin rooted in the Old Testament. And thus in The Antichrist Christianity was portrayed as the corruption of the original doctrine taught by Jesus about equal rights of all to be children of God, the doctrine of no guilt and of no gulf between God and man. The very "freedom of will" was invented by the priests in order to master the process of human thinking - and nothing more.
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Sir Monier Monier-Williams, Parigraha, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages, Oxford University Press (Reprinted: Motilal Banarsidass), , page 593 In the Brahmanas and later texts, the term contextually means accepting or taking a gift, acquiring, possessing, claiming, controlling something such a property, or assistance, or constraining force on others. In some texts, the root reflects the state of marriage or having a family. The virtue of aparigraha means taking what is truly necessary and no more. In Yoga school of Hinduism, this concept of virtue has also been translated as "abstaining from accepting gifts",The Yoga Sutras of Pantanjali Verse 2.30 "not expecting, asking, or accepting inappropriate gifts from any person", and "not applying for gifts which are not to be accepted".
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Trāṇa, Monier Williams, A Sanskrit English Dictionary, Etymologically and Philologically Arranged, Oxford University Press, page 457 Suratrana is found in Indian texts and inscriptions, its interpretation is controversial particularly when the context relates to the post 12th-century medieval period of Hindu-Muslim interaction during Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. For example, the word is found in a long Sanskrit stone inscription found at a temple at Hampi in Karnataka and dated to 1344 CE. The Nāgarī script inscription includes the term Hinduraya Suratrana, which Benjamin Lewis Rice translates as "the Suratrana of Hindu Rayas". The term Hindu raya suratrana is also seen in some stone inscriptions found in Andhra Pradesh, the earliest dated to about 1352 CE. Some scholars have interpreted this to mean "the Sultan among Hindu kings" and state this to be an evidence of Islamic political traditions being adopted by Hindu kings, as well as that Indian kingdoms recognized their religious identity of being Hindu and of Hinduism by early 14th century. Others interpret the term Hinduraya Suratrana to mean "protectors of the gods of (or among) the Hindu kings".
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