Dr. Shavelson's careful observations have made him something of a bedside pharmacologist.
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"The FDA is fairly apolitical," says psychedelic research chemist and pharmacologist David Nichols.
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Clinical pharmacologist Neal Benowitz, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, says the same thing.
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The research is in its infancy, says Andrew Kruegel, a pharmacologist who's working to better understand the plant.
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Dr. Yazdi, a pharmacologist, was born in Iran but worked for nearly two decades in the United States.
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The Provigil made it hard for Laura to sleep, so her pharmacologist prescribed Ambien, which she took every night.
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With a background as an opioid pharmacologist neuroscientist, Bilsky has spent his career studying opioid receptors in the brain.
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When Laura's pharmacologist prescribed her Naltrexone—a drug that is supposed to block the craving for alcohol—Laura was insulted.
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Watch More From Tonic: But Andrew Kruegel, a Columbia University pharmacologist who has extensively studied kratom, is less than impressed.
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"There appears to be even less risk from PFAS than we thought," molecular pharmacologist Ian Musgraves wrote in The Conversation.
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It was used a lot in psychotherapy back in the days of Gordon Alles—the chemist and pharmacologist who invented amphetamines.
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In 2015 a Chinese pharmacologist, Tu Youyou, became the first scientist to win a Nobel prize for work carried out in China.
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In Berlin a celebrity pharmacologist named Louis Lewin failed to isolate the psychoactive ingredient because he was unwilling to test it on himself.
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Centuries before Wester Europe coined the term, "renaissance man," artist Su Shi moonlighted as a pharmacologist, gastronome, and statesman for the Song Dynasty.
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Eventually, the lab caught the notice of both Michael Schwartz, a toxicologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and DEA pharmacologist Jordan Trecki.
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Hydrogen sulfide is highly toxic, and it has a particular smell, Ian Musgrave, a molecular pharmacologist and toxicologist at the University of Adelaide, told CNN.
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Dr. David Benjamin, a pharmacologist, testified that the drug has the odd effect of impairing a person's judgment and functioning without that person realizing it.
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The plant's psychoactive properties were introduced to nonindigenous audiences by the pharmacologist Arthur Heffter, who was the first to isolate mescaline from the cactus in 2000.
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One Gates winner, Mahua Choudhury, a medical pharmacologist at Texas A&M Health Science Center, said condom companies were considering investing in her stretchy hydrogel condom.
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"This is the first project where we see an intersection between pharmaceutical science and space exploration," said pharmacologist Clay Wang, the principal investigator of Micro-10, in a statement.
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In 1978, a pharmacologist who was part of a research team in London took a test dose of the blood pressure drug debrisoquine and promptly collapsed to the floor.
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Fentanyl was first synthesized in 1960 by Paul Janssen, a young Belgian doctor and pharmacologist who started his own lab on the third floor of the family's pharmaceutical business.
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They hoped to better understand how cannabinoids, mostly THC, affected the brain, according to Jenny Wiley, a behavioral pharmacologist at the nonprofit research institute RTI International who specializes in cannabinoids.
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The study was headed by University of New South Wales pharmacologist Margaret Morris who said that her research is the first to compare regular junk food intake with intermittent binges.
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"The vivid images in the news stemming from the ongoing Zika crisis are heartbreaking," University of Toronto pharmacologist Keith Pardee, a co-author on the paper, said in a statement.
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In the film "Dirty Pictures," the exceptional chemist, pharmacologist and LSD expert David Nichols puts forth a theory that Hofmann actually did not ingest any LSD at all that first time.
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As an intensive care pharmacist and clinical pharmacologist, I have been researching street drugs for over a decade to help emergency room, critical care and poison control clinicians treat overdosing patients.
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Another important consideration, according to Sven-Eric Jordt, an anesthesiologist, pharmacologist, and cancer biologist at Duke University who has studied the potential health risks of vaping, is how these patients were treated.
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"The goal would be to find a molecule that interferes with one or more of the proteins in the virus," Sean Ekins, a British pharmacologist who convened the OpenZika team, told Mashable.
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And most CBD products often contain far lower levels of the extract than the doses of Epidiolex that have led to issues, says Timothy Welty, a pharmacologist at Drake University in Iowa.
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"DMT has a number of pharmacological peculiarities," says the British-born Gallimore, who is also a chemist and pharmacologist and currently works at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology in Japan.
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Watch More from Tonic: Andrew Kruegel, a Columbia University pharmacologist who's studied kratom, previously told Tonic that chemicals in the plant affect the same brain receptors as opioids such as morphine and heroin.
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According to David Kroll, a pharmacologist and medical writer, farmers and indigenous people have used it for hundreds of years as both a stimulant to increase work output and also as a way to relax.
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In 22014, when Tu Youyou, a pharmacologist, became the first scientist to win a Nobel prize for work carried out in China, the state media's reaction was not to celebrate her ground-breaking medicinal chemistry.
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In his 1989 book Intoxication, the American pharmacologist Ronald K Siegel concluded that after the basic human desires of hunger, thirst, and sex comes a "fourth drive," an instinctive urge to change our ordinary state of awareness.
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So by taking up to 250mg of MDMA, the RTL reporter and Dr. Auwärter are ignoring usual-warnings from experts like UK-based pharmacologist Dr. David Nutt, who suggests taking a maximum of 150mg in a night.
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Pharmacologist and psychedelic expert Prof David Nichols hypothesizes that HPPD may result from the brain's visual system becoming sensitized by the psychedelic somehow, but at the present time we can only speculate as to how it occurs.
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In his 1989 book Intoxication, the American pharmacologist Ronald K. Siegel concluded that after the basic human desires of hunger, thirst, and sex comes a "fourth drive," an instinctive urge to change our ordinary state of awareness.
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And according to Sven-Eric Jordt, an anesthesiologist, pharmacologist, and cancer biologist at Duke University who has studied vaping, a THC product could very well be capable of causing the sort of lung damage seen in these cases.
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The researchers, led by Sven-Eric Jordt, an anesthesiologist, pharmacologist, and cancer biologist at Duke University, were inspired by earlier studies that showed vaping can leave behind carcinogenic or otherwise damaging chemicals like formaldehyde in your lungs and airways.
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But there's still a lot to learn about the long-term risks — particularly of vaping cannabis products, says Gideon St. Helen, a clinical pharmacologist at the University of California, San Francisco who was not involved in the CDC survey.
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"I would take the two medications from the drugstore in a heartbeat — therapeutically it makes sense," said Michael Fossler, a pharmacist and clinical pharmacologist who is chair of the public-policy committee for the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
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"It depends on where you put the flashlight," said Robert Powell, a clinical pharmacologist who has worked in the drug industry, as well as for six years at the F.D.A. "I think they were directing people away from the problem."
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"It's one product that's fairly old-fashioned, compared to the hundreds that all these manufacturers and growers in Colorado are currently creating," said Dr. Kari Franson, a clinical pharmacologist and pharmacist and the University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy.
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The authors, Dr. Varsha Jain at King's College London, who has been described as a space gynecologist, and Virginia E. Wotring at Baylor College of Medicine, who might be considered a space pharmacologist, write that menstruating in space is safe.
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His search for a new specialty led him to the United States and a five-month fellowship with Bernard B. Brodie, an acclaimed pharmacologist at the National Heart Institute (now the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Md.).
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This is the essence of an argument made by University of Pennsylvania pharmacologist Tilo Grosser and colleagues in the current issue of Science: We need to be able to treat pain in non-addictive ways, pharmaceutical or otherwise, and this means understanding pain.
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He was joined by the pharmacologist Josef Freiherr von Mering and together they observed that a number of the mild proto-downers developed in the later 1800s were compounds featuring acetylurea, a molecule that might be swapped out in favor of barbituric acid.
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Pharmacologist and drug researcher David Nutt, who served on the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs from 2008 to 2009 and is an advocate for drug law reform, thinks that the new Act's blanket ban could be just too much to work.
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Her mother is a pharmacologist on the controlled substance staff at the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research at the Food and Drug Administration in Bethesda, Md. The groom, 28, is a senior director of strategy at Broadridge Financial Solutions in New York.
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"This could be a factor for why if they were in a group or social setting, the social anxiety would be lessened," said José Carlos Bouso, a psychologist and pharmacologist at the International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service (ICEERS) in Spain.
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"Because there's a lot of emotion around it, local agencies may be moved to make a decision that's made based on placating the general public rather than the available science," said Ian Musgrave, a molecular pharmacologist and toxicologist at University of Adelaide.
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Lead author Bryan Roth, a pharmacologist at the UNC School of Medicine, used to be a psychiatrist specializing in schizophrenia and some of his patients reported that their first schizophrenic break—that is, their first episode of acute psychosis—happened while they were on LSD.
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" As Columbia University pharmacologist Andrew Kruegel told Tonic last month, "The problem with saying it's 'an opioid' without qualification is that it just paints everything with this broad brush, and obviously carries a negative connotation given what's going on in the country right now.
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"One of the ways to do that is to measure chemicals in our body that can indicate exposure to toxicants, so some biomarkers, and that is what we did in the study," said Goniewicz, a pharmacologist and toxicologist at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center.
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Rasmussen, a virologist at Columbia University in New York, and Swanson, a pharmacologist and leader of March for Science Seattle, announced their resignations on Twitter shortly after the Chronicle of Higher Education first reported that the scientists had called for McLaughlin to step down.
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Experts estimate that 4 to 5 million Americans used kratom as of 2016; a survey of thousands of users conducted last fall by pharmacologist and kratom researcher Oliver Grundmann suggests two-thirds of respondents used it to treat chronic pain or emotional or mental stress.
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"It is generally considered that THC won't improve aerobic performance and strength, and my review confirms that impression," said Dr. Michael C. Kennedy, a cardiologist, clinical pharmacologist and associate professor at the University of New South Wales and St. Vincent's Hospital Medical School, who conducted the review.
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Speaking to Spanish newspaper El País, one of the researchers on the study, pharmacologist José Manuel Moreno Pérez, explained the reason he believes the acorns are far more likely to have shit in them: Smugglers often swallow the acorn-shaped bags, which they call "bellotas," then travel from Morocco to Spain.
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Other examples include the geneticist Barbara McClintock's comprehension of translocation of genetic material; Paul McCartney's hearing the melody of "Yesterday" in his head as he awoke one morning; the pharmacologist Otto Loewi's realization about how nerve cells communicate with one another; and the Buddha's insight into the nature of human suffering.
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The defense team's expert, Dr. Harry A. Milman, a pharmacologist and toxicologist from Rockville, Md., who has worked for the American Cancer Institute, denied that Ms. Constand would have experienced the symptoms she described by taking the amount of Benadryl that came up in the case, as stated by Mr. Cosby.
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Dr. Maciej Goniewicz, a co-author of the British study who is now a pharmacologist at the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, N.Y., said that the success of the e-cigarettes most likely reflects a combination of factors: "It's about the method of delivery, the quantity of nicotine and the user's behavior," he said.
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Ludwig Andreas Buchner (23 July 1813, Munich – 23 October 1897, Munich) was a German pharmacologist. His father was pharmacologist Johann Andreas Buchner (1783-1852).
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Urs Albert Meyer is a Swiss physician-scientist and clinical pharmacologist.
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Ullrich Georg Trendelenburg (31 December 1922 - 21 November 2006) was a German pharmacologist.
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Martin J. Lohse, M.D. born 26 August 1956, is a German physician and pharmacologist.
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Matthias Eugen Oscar Liebreich (14 February 1839 – 2 July 1908) was a German pharmacologist.
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Mervyn J. Huston (1912 - March 7, 2001) was a Canadian pharmacologist and humorist."Leacock Medal awarded to retired pharmacologist". The Globe and Mail, June 24, 1982. A longtime professor and academic dean at the University of Alberta's school of pharmacy,"Passion for Life".
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Walter James Dilling (May 15, 1886 – August 18, 1950) was a Scottish pharmacologist and physiologist.
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His PhD supervisor was Dr Marthe Louise Vogt a famous British Pharmacologist of German Origin.
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Bramah N. Singh (3 March 1938 - 20 September 2014) was a cardiac pharmacologist and academic.
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Bernard Lionel Ginsborg (22 January 1925 – 26 June 2018) was a British pharmacologist and physiologist.
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Professor Patrick Humphrey OBE DSc PhD HonFBPhS is a pharmacologist born in South Africa and raised and educated in Britain.Tansey EM, Yabsley A, Humphrey P (2016). Becoming a pharmacologist: The School of Pharmacy and St. Mary’s. History of Modern Biomedicine Interviews (Digital Collection), item e2016022.
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Julius R. Nasso (born October 19, 1952) is an Italian-American film producer, pharmacologist, and businessman.
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Prof Robert Cleghorn Robert Cleghorn FRSE FFPSG PRMS (1755 – 18 June 1821) was a Scottish physician and pharmacologist.
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Pei Gang (, born 1953) is a Chinese molecular biologist and pharmacologist, and a former president of Tongji University.
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James Newell Stannard (2 January 1910 – 19 September 2005), radiobiologist, Pharmacologist and Physiologist at the National Institutes of Health.
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Alan William Cuthbert, (7 May 1932 – 27 August 2016) was a British pharmacologist and fellow of University College London.
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Alfred Frohlich Alfred Fröhlich (August 15, 1871 – March 22, 1953) was an Austrian-American pharmacologist and neurologist born in Vienna.
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Fridolin Sulser (2 December 1926 – 3 January 2016) was a Swiss-American pharmacologist who specialized in the treatment of mental disorders.
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Gerald W. Zamponi is a Canadian physiologist and pharmacologist, currently a Canada Research Chair in Molecular Neuroscience at University of Calgary.
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John D. Hood is an American medical physiologist and pharmacologist and the founder and chief executive officer of Impact Biomedicines Inc.
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Krishan Chandra Singhal (born 1941) is an Indian pharmacologist and has been serving as founder vice chancellor of NIMS University, Jaipur, India.
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Sudhamoy Ghosh MBE, FNA, FRSE, FCS, FRIC (13 January 1890 – 15 August 1970) was an Indian biochemist, natural products chemist and pharmacologist.
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Melissa Hanna-Brown is a British pharmacologist. She works for Pfizer UK and is a visiting professor at the University of Warwick.
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Rohini Kuner (born 28 July 1970 in Bombay) is an Indian-born German pharmacologist and director of the Institute of Pharmacology at Heidelberg University.
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Peter B. Dews (1922–2012) was an American psychologist and pharmacologist. He is credited as the principal founder of the discipline of behavioral pharmacology.
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Maria Nanaeva (Russian: Мария Токтогуловна Нанаева; 22 November 1927 – 26 June 2020) was a Soviet and Kyrgyzstani pharmacologist. Nanaeva died on 26 June 2020.
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Manley Elisha West OM (17 March 1929 - 24 April 2012) was a Jamaican pharmacologist who studied the marijuana plant. He investigated medicines for glaucoma.
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Chi Zhiqiang (; 16 November 1924 – 7 January 2020) was a Chinese pharmacologist and researcher at Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Karam Farah Attia Soliman (born October 15, 1944) is an American-Egyptian pharmacologist and Distinguished Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Florida A&M; University.
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Sir Munir Pirmohamed is a British clinical pharmacologist and geneticist. Since 2007 he has been the NHS Chair of Pharmacogenetics at the University of Liverpool.
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Heinz Otto Schild (1908-1984) Heinz Otto Schild (18 May 190615 June 1984), was a pharmacologist now known for the development of the Schild plot.
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Ornamental News Oct 25 2012 Calibrachoa was named by Vicente Cervantes after Antonio de la Cal y Bracho, a 19th-century Mexican botanist and pharmacologist.
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He was born in Taipei, Taiwan. He is the grandson of Taiwanese pharmacologist Tu Tsung-ming. He currently lives and works in the United States.
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Markus Müller (born August 23, 1967 in Klagenfurt) is an Austrian pharmacologist. In 2015 he began serving as Rector of the Medical University of Vienna.
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Dr Joseph Bancroft Joseph Bancroft (21 February 1836 – 16 June 1894) was a surgeon, pharmacologist and parasitologist born in England, who emigrated to Queensland, Australia.
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Tyrode's solution was invented by Maurice Vejux Tyrode (1878-1930),Tyrode's solution (www.whonamedit.com) an American pharmacologist. The solution was a modification of Ringer-Locke's solution.
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Jin Guozhang (; 6 June 1927 – 29 January 2019) was a Chinese pharmacologist and psychopathologist. He is considered as a pioneer of modernizing traditional Chinese medicine.
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Sussan Nourshargh is a British immunologist, pharmacologist, and professor of microvascular pharmaclogy and immunopharmacology. She founded the Centre for Microvascular research at Queen Mary University.
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Hamid Reza Rasekh (born 1962) is an Iranian pharmacologist and toxicologist and Professor of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management at Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
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Albrecht Fleckenstein Albrecht Fleckenstein (3 March 1917 – 4 April 1992) was a German pharmacologist and physiologist best known for his discovery of calcium channel blockers.
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Johann Andreas Buchner (1783-1852) Johann Andreas Buchner (6 April 1783, Munich – 5 June 1852, Munich) was a German pharmacologist working in the area of alkaloids. He was the father of pharmacologist Ludwig Andreas Buchner (1813–1897). He studied at Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff's pharmaceutical institute in Erfurt, obtaining his PhD in 1807. In 1809 he became Oberapotheker of the Zentral-Stiftungs-Apotheke for hospitals in Munich.
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Lewis Stanford Seiden (August 1, 1934 in Chicago, Illinois—July 26, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois) was an American pharmacologist and professor at the University of Chicago.
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Robert François Laugier (1722–1793) was a French pharmacologist. He is known for his book "Institutiones pharmaceuticae sive philosophia pharmaceutica" and for his work on the alembic.
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Leslie Lars Iversen (31 October 1937 - 30 July 2020)IN MEMORY OF LESLIE IVERSEN, was a British pharmacologist, known for his work on the neurochemistry of neurotransmission.
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She is sponsored by the company she works with, Actavis. She is also a pharmacologist. She teaches chess classes at St. Catherine's High School in Pembroke, Malta.
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The challenges of combining medical practice with writing are addressed by neurologist and pharmacologist Harold L. Klawans in his study, Chekhov's Lie.Harold L. Klawans, Chekhov's Lie, 1997, .
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Brentwood College is a private high school located in Mill Bay. Frances Kelsey Secondary School is a local public high school named after pharmacologist Frances Oldham Kelsey.
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Kurt Hellmann (12 May 1922 – 2 April 2013) was a Bavarian clinical pharmacologist best known for his discovery of the biologic activity of two important drugs: Razoxane & Dexrazoxane.
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Dr Joseph Tillie FRSE (20 January 1859-20 November 1898) was a 19th-century Scottish physician and pharmacologist with a special knowledge of "exotic poisons" such as curare.
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Professor Allen Dalzell MD FRSE (1821–1869) was a Scottish chemist and pharmacologist. He was Professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica at the Dick Veterinary College in Edinburgh.
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Candace Beebe Pert (June 26, 1946 – September 12, 2013) was an American neuroscientist and pharmacologist who discovered the opiate receptor, the cellular binding site for endorphins in the brain.
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His son, Adolf Jr. (1891–1965), was a pharmacologist. The Bezold–Jarisch reflex, a cardiovascular decompressor reflex, is named after Adolf Jr. and physiologist Albert von Bezold (1836–1868).
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Friedrich Trendelenburg Friedrich Trendelenburg (24 May 1844 - 15 December 1924) was a German surgeon. He was son of the philosopher Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg, father of the pharmacologist Paul Trendelenburg and grandfather of the pharmacologist Ullrich Georg Trendelenburg. Trendelenburg was born in Berlin and studied medicine at the University of Glasgow and the University of Edinburgh. He completed his studies at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin under Bernhard von Langenbeck, receiving his doctorate in 1866.
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Since 1981 until 2002 the editor-in-chief was pharmacologist and biochemist Jerzy Vetulani. Nowadays the whole title is 'Wszechświat. Pismo Przyrodnicze' (the English translation: The Universe. Magazine of Nature).
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Sir Cedric Stanton Hicks (2 June 1892 – 7 February 1976) was an Australian pharmacologist, physiologist and nutritionist. He was Professor of Human Physiology and Pharmacology at the University of Adelaide.
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The University of Tokyo, Hongō, erected in 1913 Junichiro Shimoyama (下山 順一郎 Shimoyama Jun'ichirō; March 27, 1853 – February 12, 1912) was a Japanese pharmacologist during the Meiji era.
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Jacek Spławiński (born 8 August 1937) is a Polish pharmacologist specializing in clinical pharmacology, professor of medical sciences, ECFMG certified doctor and author and co-author of more than 100 scientific papers.
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Prof Harold Charles Stewart CBE FRCP FRCS FRSE FFA DL (1906-2001) was a 20th- century British pharmacologist and medical author. He was Deputy Lieutenant of Greater London from 1967 to 1982.
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Samuel F. Gray Samuel Frederick Gray (10 December 1766 – 12 April 1828) was a British botanist, mycologist, and pharmacologist. He was the father of the zoologists John Edward Gray and George Robert Gray.
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Arthur Hull Hayes Jr. (July 18, 1933 – February 11, 2010) was an American pharmacologist, medical educator and administrator who served as Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 1981 to 1983.
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The aerobic mold which yielded cephalosporin C was found in the sea near a sewage outfall in Su Siccu, by Cagliari harbour in Sardinia, by the Italian pharmacologist Giuseppe Brotzu in July 1945.
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David John Webb, (born 1953) is a British clinical pharmacologist. Webb studied as a cardiovascular physician and clinical pharmacologist at St George's Hospital and Medical School. He was made the Christison chair of therapeutics and clinical pharmacology at the University of Edinburgh in 1995, and from 1998 to 2001 he was head of the department of medical sciences there. He led the Wellcome Trust Cardiovascular Research Initiative from 1998–2001, and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science from 2000 to 2004.
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Hartmann F. Stähelin, M.D. (20 October 1925 – 5 July 2011) was a Swiss pharmacologist with an outstanding record in basic and applied cancer and immunology research. He discovered two important drugs: etoposide and ciclosporin.
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Iranolacerta brandtii, also known as Brandt's Persian lizard, is a species of lizard found in Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkey. It is named for Johann Friedrich von Brandt, a German zoologist, surgeon, pharmacologist, and botanist.
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She was born in Dunedin in 1930, the daughter of naturalist Lance McCaskill, and graduated from the University of Otago with a Diploma of Home Science. She married pharmacologist, photographer and artist Gary Blackman.
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Vittorio Erspamer (30 July 1909 – 25 October 1999) was an Italian pharmacologist and chemist, known for the identification, synthesis and pharmacological studies of more than sixty new chemical compounds, most notably serotonin and octopamine.
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Daniel Hanbury FRS (11 September 1825 – 24 March 1875), a British botanist and pharmacologist, was one of the leading 19th century experts on pharmacognosy, the study of the medicinal applications of nature, principally of plants.
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Thomas John MacLagan (1838- 20 March 1903) was a Scottish doctor and pharmacologist from Perthshire who pioneered the clinical use of thermometers and the use of salicin as an anti-inflammatory and treatment for rheumatism.
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William Albert Catterall (born 12 October 1946 in Providence, Rhode Island) is an American pharmacologist and neurobiologist, who researched ion channels. He served as professor at University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle, Washington.
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Bernard Belleau, (March 15, 1925 - September 4, 1989) was a Canadian molecular pharmacologist best known for his role in the discovery of Lamivudine, a drug used in the treatment of HIV and Hepatitis B infection.
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Peter Pook Chuen Keat, sometimes rendered as Peter C.K. Pook, is a Malaysian Chinese pharmacologist. He is Professor of Pharmacology and Deputy Vice- Chancellor (i.e. Vice President) of the International Medical University in Kuala Lumpur.
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Arsen Minasian ( ; ; 1906–1977) was an Armenian-Iranian philanthropist, pharmacologist, scientist, and inventor who was born in Rasht, Iran. He was the founder of Gilan's sanatorium in 1954 which is the first modern sanatorium in Iran.
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Antonius Castor was a pioneering botanist and pharmacologist of ancient Rome who lived in the first century. He is several times quoted and mentioned by Pliny the Elder, who considered him the greatest authority on his subjects.
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Sérgio Henrique Ferreira (October 4, 1934 – July 17, 2016) was a Brazilian physician and pharmacologist noted for the discovery of the bradykinin potentiating factor, which led to new and widely used anti-hypertension drugs — the ACE inhibitors.
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Jimmy Wales and Martin Paul in 2015 Prof. Martin Paul (born 1958 in Sankt Ingbert, Saarland) is a German clinical pharmacologist. On 1 May 2011 he succeeded Jo Ritzen as president of Maastricht University,maastrichtuniversity.nl the Netherlands.
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Samira Ibrahim Islam is a Saudi Arabian pharmacologist and scholar. She heads King Fahd Medical Research Center's Drug Monitoring Unit at King Abdulaziz University. She was instrumental in securing formal university education for women in Saudi Arabia.
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Professor Paul Waako (born 20 February 1967), is a Ugandan pharmacologist, academic and academic administrator, who serves as the Vice Chancellor of Busitema University, a public university in the Eastern Region of Uganda, since 1 May 2019.
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Prof Dr Jonathan Pereira Jonathan Pereira FRS (22 May 1804, London - 20 January 1853) was a pharmacologist, author of the Elements of Materia Medica, a standard work. He was examiner on the subject in the University of London.
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Diana Temple AM (1925-2006) was an Australian pharmacologist and Associate Professor who pioneered respiratory research in Australia. She was recognised for her work on respiratory pharmacology, the role of women in science and in promoting popular science.
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Prof Cedric William Malcolm Wilson FRSE (1923-1993) was a 20th-century British pharmacologist and medical historian. In authorship he appears as C. W. M. Wilson. He was founder of the Scottish Society of the History of Medicine.
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Distinguished as a pharmacologist. Professor of Pharmacology, King's College, London. Assistant to the Downing Professor of Medicine, Cambridge. He was awarded OBE in 1919 for his contributions during World War I. He died in Whittlesford, Cambridgeshire in 1931.
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Nariman Bomanshaw Mehta (April 20, 1920 – August 22, 2014) was an Indian-born American organic chemist and pharmacologist who designed, synthesized, and patented the organic compound Bupropion, marketed under the name Wellbutrin as an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid.
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Sir David Jack (22 February 1924 – 8 November 2011) was a Scottish pharmacologist and medicinal chemist who specialised in the development of drugs for treating asthma. He was head of research and development at Glaxo from 1978 until 1987.
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Scholar and philosopher Hasan Tahsini served as the first rector of Istanbul University. Ferid Murad is a physician and pharmacologist, and a co-winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Albanian-American astronaut William G. Gregory.
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Dr. Salomon Z. Langer Salomon Zender Langer (b. 12 October 1936) is an Argentinian pharmacologist whose family had fled from Poland to Argentina in the early 1930s and were thus saved from the Holocaust during the Second World War.
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She was twice married: firstly to pharmacologist Andrew Herxheimer in 1961 with whom she had two children, Charlotte and Sophie Herxheimer, and to broadcaster Frank Delany. Both marriages ended in divorce. Collier died in London on 18 May 2011 from cancer.
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Roger Edward Collingwood Altounyan (1922–1987) was an Anglo-Armenian physician and pharmacologist who pioneered the use of sodium cromoglycate as a remedy for asthma. His family relocated to the United Kingdom where he studied medicine and started his pioneering research.
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Juan José Ruperto de Cuéllar y Villanueba (ca. 1739, probably Real Sitio de Aranjuez, Spain - 1801, Ilocos, Philippines) was a Spanish pharmacologist and botanist. From 1786 to 1797 he was the leader of a royal botanical expedition to the Philippines.
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Rudolf Kobert (1854-1918) Rudolf Kobert (3 January 1854 – 27 December 1918) was a German pharmacologist and toxicologist born in Bitterfeld. In 1877 he graduated from the University of Halle, afterwards working as an assistant to physiologist Friedrich Goltz (1834-1902) and pharmacologist Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838–1920) at the University of Strasbourg. In 1887 he was appointed professor of pharmacology, dietetics and history of medicine at the University of Dorpat. Due to "Russification" of the university, Kobert left Dorpat in 1896, subsequently becoming director of the Brehmerschen Heilanstalten (a sanatorium founded decades earlier by Hermann Brehmer) in Gorbersdorf.
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William Murrell (1853–1912) was an English physician, clinical pharmacologist, and toxicologist. Murrell is best known for being one of the first to recognize the clinical benefits of glyceryl trinitrate (also known as nitroglycerin) for the management of patients with angina pectoris.
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Collier's career at St George's continued until his retirement in 2007. He was the school's first clinical pharmacologist and in 1998 was appointed professor of medicines policy. Amongst the senior lecturers he supervised were David Webb, Sir Patrick Vallance, and Emma Baker.
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The Herbalist's Manual is a Hong Kong television series released overseas in May 2005 and broadcast on TVB Jade channel in November 2005. The series focuses on the greatest physician and pharmacologist in Chinese history, Li Shizhen and his herbalist manual, Bencao Gangmu.
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UCLA faculty member and pharmacologist Louis Ignarro's discovery of one of the most important signaling molecules in the human body, nitric oxide, led to his winning the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1998. This discovery revolutionized the fields of cardiopulmonary medicine and immunology.
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Engineer Waako is married to Professor Paul Waako, a clinical pharmacologist and academic administrator, who since 1 May 2019, serves as the Vice Chancellor of Busitema University, a public university in the Eastern Region of Uganda. Together, they are parents to five children.
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Ulf Svante von Euler (7 February 1905 – 9 March 1983) was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters.Sabbatini, R.M.E.: Neurons and synapses. The history of its discovery IV. Chemical transmission.
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Szilveszter E. Vizi (31 December 1936) is a Hungarian physician, neuroscientist, pharmacologist and university professor who served as President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences between 2002 and 2008. He issues some of his papers under the name E. S. Vizi or E. Sylvester Vizi.
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Miles Vaughan Williams (8 August 1918 – 31 August 2016) was a British cardiac pharmacologist and academic. He is best known for the Vaughan Williams classification of antidysrhythmic drugs. From 1955 to 1985, he was a Fellow of Hertford College, Oxford, and its Tutor in medicine.
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Gunther Hartmann, November 2009 Gunther Hartmann (born 7 December 1966 in Leutkirch) is a German immunologist and clinical pharmacologist. Since 2007 he has been the Director of the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology at the University Hospital of the University of Bonn.
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Robert A. Newman is an American pharmacologist specializing in molecular biology, drug development, and immunology. He is professor emeritus, professor of experimental therapeutics, founder and co-director of the Center for Pharmaceutical Development of the MD Anderson Cancer Center at the University of Texas.
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Li Lianda (; 24 July 1934 – 18 October 2018) was a Chinese pharmacologist and paediatrician with the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and served as Dean of the School of Pharmacy of Zhejiang University.
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Sir David Campbell MC FRSE (1889-1978) was a Scottish physician and pharmacologist. He was Professor of Materia Medica at Aberdeen University from 1930 to 1959. He won the Military Cross in 1918 due to his bravery serving in the Royal Army Medical Corps.
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He is the nephew of Murray Jarvik, a pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of the nicotine patch. Jarvik is a graduate of Syracuse University. He earned a master's degree in medical engineering from New York University."Milestones". Rime Magazine, March 2, 2009 p.
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Vasily Kravkov's brother was Nikolai Kravkov (1865-1924), a prominent Russian pharmacologist. His another brother was Sergey Pavlovich Kravkov (1873-1938), Professor of Saint Petersburg University, one of the first Russian soil scientists. His nephew was Maximilian Alexeyevich Kravkov (1887-1937), a Soviet Siberian writer.
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André Bernanose (17 June 1912 – 18 March 2002) was a 20th-century French physicist, chemist and pharmacologist. He studied chemiluminescence during the late 1940s - early 1950s, which led him to discover the electroluminescence. He is for this reason considered the father of the OLED.
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He is nationally and internationally known as a leading neuro-pharmacologist as he worked mostly in the field of neuroscience. He was awarded the Fellowship of Rockefeller Foundation Fellow in USA during 1960-61; Commonwealth Medical Fellowship and then Wellcome Research Fellowship in England during the 1970s. In London at the National Institute for Medical Research, he worked on mechanism of action of Pyrogen and in the field of thermoregulation, with Wilhelm Feldberg (1900–1993), a renowned German-British-Jewish pharmacologist and biologist. Wilhelm Feldberg assisted many research workers who came to England as a part of their Commonwealth Medical Fellowship and Wellcome Research Fellowship.
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Edmund Rose is remembered for his research of color blindness, xanthopsiaThe British Journal of Homoeopathy edited by John James Drysdale et al and the drug Santonin, and how Santonin affected color vision. In surgical medicine he performed important pathophysiological studies of cardiac tamponade (herztamponade), a term he coined in an 1884 treatise.Landmarks in Cardiac Surgery by Stephen Westaby, Cecil Bosher He was the son of mineralogist Gustav Rose (1798–1873), and a nephew to mineralogist Heinrich Rose (1795–1864). His great-grandfather was pharmacologist Valentin Rose the Elder (1736–1771), and his grandfather was Valentin Rose the Younger (1762–1807), who was also a noted pharmacologist.
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Ream Al-Hasani is a British neuroscientist and pharmacologist as well as an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. Al-Hasani studies the endogenous opioid system to understand how to target it therapeutically to treat addiction, affective disorders, and chronic pain.
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Theodor Nees von Esenbeck Theodor Friedrich Ludwig Nees von Esenbeck (26 July 1787 – 12 December 1837) was a German botanist and pharmacologist, who was born in Schloss Reichenberg near Reichelsheim (Odenwald). He was a younger brother to naturalist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858).
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Sean Ekins is a British pharmacologist and expert in the fields of ADME/Tox, computational toxicology and cheminformatics at Collaborations in Chemistry, a division of corporate communications firm Collaborations in Communications. He is also the editor of four books and a book series for John Wiley & Sons.
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Purabi Basu is a Bangladeshi short-story writer, pharmacologist and activist. She won Anannya Literary Award in 2005 and Bangla Academy Literary Award in 2013. As of 2005, she has been working as a senior executive at Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, a drug company based in New York.
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Louis Sanford Goodman (August 27, 1906 – November 19, 2000) was an American pharmacologist. He is best known for his collaborations with Alfred Gilman, Sr., with whom he authored the popular textbook The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics in 1941 and pioneered the first chemotherapy trials using nitrogen mustard.
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As of 2007, Obermeyer worked as an advisor to the company.William Obermeyer 2007 Annual Meeting & Exposition, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. The current V.P. for research is Mark L. Anderson, a pharmacologist/toxicologist who was previously Director of Research and Development at Triarco Industries.Mark Anderson, Ph.D LinkedIn.
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Johanne Martel-Pelletier (born April 20, 1952) is a Canadian pharmacologist living and working in Quebec. She studies the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of arthritis. She was born in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. She earned a master's degree and doctorate in physiology from the University of Montreal.
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Princess Marie-Esméralda of Belgium married Sir Salvador Moncada, a Honduran-British pharmacologist, in London on 5 April 1998. They have a daughter, Alexandra Leopoldine Moncada (born in London on 4 August 1998), and a son, Leopoldo Daniel Moncada (born in London on 21 May 2001).
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Ali Ibn al-Husain Ibn al-Wafid al-Lakhmi (c. 997 – 1074), known in Latin Europe as ', was an Arab pharmacologist and physician from Toledo. He was the vizier of Al-Mamun of Toledo. His main work is Kitāb al-adwiya al-mufrada (, translated into Latin as ').
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Jerzy Michał Maj (14 July 1922 – 9 February 2003) was a Polish pharmacologist, professor of medical sciences, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, a director of the Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (1977–1993).
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Victor Antoine Signoret. Victor Antoine Signoret (6 April 1816, Paris – 3 April 1889, Paris) was a French pharmacologist, physician and entomologist. In 1845 Signoret gained his doctorate in pharmacology at the University of Paris. His thesis was entitled De l'Arsenic considéré sous ses divers points de vue.
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Taiwo Olayemi Elufioye is a Nigerian pharmacologist and researcher. Elufioye works as a professor at the University of Ibadan in the department of pharmacognosy. Elufioye is also a Fulbright Scholar at University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, PA, where she is investigating drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1983, vol. 1, pp 49–103. . theory of two sympathins, sympathin E (excitatory) and sympathin I (inhibitory). The Belgian pharmacologist Zénon Bacq as well as Canadian and US-American pharmacologists between 1934 and 1938 suggested that noradrenaline might be the – or at least one – postganglionic sympathetic transmitter.
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Israel Itsokovich Brekhman (1921–1994) was a Russian pharmacologist. He specialized in adaptogens, with a focus on Panax Ginseng and especially Siberian ginseng. Brekhman was highly awarded by both the Soviet Union and later by the Russian Federation for his research. He was a recipient of Order of Lenin.
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Frank Milan Berger was a Czechoslovakian pharmacologist who discovered meprobamate, carisoprodol, and felbamate, while working at Wallace Laboratories. He also discovered the 'tranquilising' effects of mephenesin in rodents while working at a laboratory in the United Kingdom, and campaigned against the advertising of medications in the mass media.
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Mohammad Reza Zarrindast is a notable Iranian pharmacologist and biomedical researcher. Zarrindast is known as an Iranian neuropsychopharmacologist around the world and he published more than 200 original research papers in peer reviewed international journals. He is currently full professorMohammad-reza Zarrindast. Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2011.
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Khem Singh Grewal (1894-1965) was an Indian pharmacologist. He worked at the King Edward Medical College in Lahore, and the Assam Medical College in Dibrugarh. He had varied research interests, including the study of medicinal plants. He participated in a large study of cancer incidence in India.
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Some of Polish publicists, as politician Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, logician Wojciech Krysztofiak, pharmacologist Jerzy Vetulani and members of Palikot's Movement criticized the judgment. Doda commented that "she was a victim of Polish anachronistic jurisdiction" and said that she will submit the case to European Court of Human Rights for consideration.
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In 1971, British pharmacologist John Robert Vane, then employed by the Royal College of Surgeons in London, showed aspirin suppressed the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. For this discovery he was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, jointly with Sune Bergström and Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson.
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The genus Vrydagzynea was first formally described in 1858 by Carl Ludwig Blume and the description was published in his book Collection des Orchidées les plus remarquables de l'archipel Indien et du Japon. The name Vrydagzynea honours the Dutch pharmacologist Theodore Daniel Vrydag Zynen, a contemporary of Blume.
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Collier was born on 12 October 1938 in Manchester. She was the daughter of actress Patience Collier and campaigning pharmacologist Harry Collier. She had two siblings; a sister Sarah and a brother Joe. Collier had the importance of hard work and creative thought instilled in her from an early age.
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Talalay was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her father Paul Talalay was a pharmacologist, born in Berlin to a Russian Jewish family, and her mother Pamela is an English biochemist. She has two sisters and a brother. She was raised mostly in Baltimore, Maryland, with two years of her childhood in Britain.
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Due to his formation under Casimiro Gómez Ortega at Madrid's Royal Botanical Garden, Hipólito Ruiz López was named head botanist of the expedition, with French physician Joseph Dombey and pharmacologist José Antonio Pavón Jiménez appointed as his assistants. Two prestigious botanical illustrators, Joseph Bonete and Isidro Gálvez, also accompanied the expedition.
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Franz von Rinecker (ca.1880) Franz von Rinecker (3 January 1811 – 21 February 1883) was a German pharmacologist and physician, born in Schesslitz near Bamberg. He studied medicine at Munich and Würzburg, earning his medical degree in 1834. In 1838 he became professor of pharmacology at the University of Würzburg.
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Frank Baldino Jr. (May 13, 1953 - December 16, 2010) was an American pharmacologist and scientist who was one of the co-founders of the pharmaceutical firm Cephalon, a company that was formed in 1987 and had grown to annual sales of $2.8 billion and net income of $425 million in 2010.
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William Alexander Potts (1 May 1866 – 23 July 1939) M.D., M.R.C.S. was a British pharmacologist, physician and medical writer. Potts was born at Rugby on 1 May 1866. He was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge and University of Edinburgh. He graduated M.B. in 1895 and M.D. with honours in 1898.
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Pedanius Dioscorides (c. 40–90 CE), was a Greek botanist, pharmacologist and physician who practiced in Rome during the reign of Nero. He became a famous army doctor. Dioscorides wrote a 5-volume encyclopedia, De Materia Medica, which listed over 600 herbal cures, forming an influential and long-lasting pharmacopoeia.
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Adolf Jarisch (February 15, 1850 – March 21, 1902) was an Austrian dermatologist who specialized in the care of venereal disease. The Jarisch- Herxheimer reaction, an inflammatory response that he noted following treatment for syphilis, is partially named after him. Jarisch was the father of a noted pharmacologist, Adolf Jarisch Jr.
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William Herman Prusoff (June 25, 1920 - April 3, 2011) was a pharmacologist who was an early innovator in antiviral drugs, developing idoxuridine, the first antiviral agent approved by the FDA, in the 1950s, and co-developing (with Tai-shun Lin) stavudine, one of the earliest AIDS drugs, in the mid-1980s.
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Bishnupada Mukerjee (1903-1979) was an Indian pharmacologist, known for his contributions in the fields of pharmacological research and standardization of drugs in India. The Government of India honoured him in 1962, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his services to the nation.
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His brother Gladwin Buttle, physician and pharmacologist, acted as chairman of the trust from 1953 to 1974. In March 2011, The Frank Buttle Trust changed its name to Buttle UK. The endowment is worth almost £50m and provides around £1m of income each year that supports the charity's running costs.
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In 1909 Sergey Kravkov married an artist Mariya Mikhailovna Buraya (1861-?). He educated a stepdaughter Mariya. The scientist's elder brothers were Vasily Kravkov (1859-1920), army medical officer of high rank, author of memories about Russo-Japanese War and World War I, and Nikolai Kravkov (1865-1924), a prominent pharmacologist.
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The choir also contributes to theatre projects, for example with artists such as Helge Leiberg.Improvisations - Bilder + Bronzen von Helge Leiberg - Totentanz German The choir mainly gives concerts in the Berlin-Brandenburg area, but also has made concert tours to foreign countries. The German pharmacologist Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen is patron of the choir.
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Following the Velvet Revolution, Hanuš was invited to continue his research at Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. In Israel, Hanuš and American molecular pharmacologist William Anthony Devane in 1992 first described the structure of Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter. Hanuš continues his research in Jerusalem on cannabinoids, endocannabinoids and their derivatives.
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Giulio Muccioli (born in 1978) is a pharmacologist and bioanalyst who is professor and director of research at the University of Louvain (Belgium). He is recognized as a world expert in endocannabinoid receptors. His research is focused on the roles of bioactive lipids both in physiological and pathological situations, mainly related to inflammation..
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Tao Hongjing (456–536), courtesy name Tongming, was a Chinese polymath writer, calligrapher, waidan alchemist, pharmacologist, musician, and astronomer during the Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589). He is best known as a founder of the Shangqing "Highest Clarity" school of Daoism and the compiler- editor of the basic Shangqing religious texts.
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There are a variety of sources about Tao Hongjing's life, from his own writings to biographies in the official Twenty-Four Histories. The British sinologist Lionel Giles said Tao's "versatility was amazing: scholar, philosopher, calligraphist, musician, alchemist, pharmacologist, astronomer, he may be regarded as the Chinese counterpart of Leonardo da Vinci" (1948: 106).
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"'Thalidomide Doctor' Guilty of Medical Fraud: William McBride, Who Exposed the Danger of One Anti-Nausea Drug, Has Been Disgraced by Experiments with Another." The Independent. Retrieved 28 May 2019. Further animal tests were conducted by Dr George Somers, Chief Pharmacologist of Distillers Company in Britain, which showed foetal abnormalities in rabbits.
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Patrick J. (Pat) Casey is a biochemist and molecular pharmacologist and is a James B. Duke Professor of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology at Duke University School of Medicine. In 2005, he relocated to Singapore to help found the Duke- NUS Medical School Singapore, where he continues to serve as its Senior Vice Dean of Research.
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Raymond Perry Ahlquist (July 26, 1914 - April 15, 1983) was an American pharmacist and pharmacologist. He published seminal work in 1948 that divided adrenoceptors into α- and β-adrenoceptor subtypes. This discovery explained the activity of several existing drugs and also laid the ground work for new drugs including the widely prescribed beta blockers.
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Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. (November 19, 1915 – March 9, 1974) was an American pharmacologist and biochemist born in Burlingame, Kansas. Sutherland won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1971 "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones", especially epinephrine, via second messengers, namely cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cyclic AMP.
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Professor Bal Krishan Anand (1917–2007), better known as B. K. Anand, was an Indian physiologist and pharmacologist. He was credited for the discovery of the feeding center in the hypothalamus in 1951.Obituary, Professor B. K. Anand, by Jayasree Sengupta, Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2007, Vol. 51(2), pp:103-4.
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Sir Derrick Melville Dunlop FRSE FRCP FRCPE FRCSE FDS LLD QHP (3 April 1902-9 June 1980) was a senior Scottish physician and pharmacologist at the forefront of British medical administration and policy-making in the late 20th century. He created the Dunlop Committee which investigates the side-effects of new drugs in the UK.
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Raphaël Horace Dubois (20 June 1849, Le Mans – 21 January 1929) was a French pharmacologist known for his work on bioluminescence and anesthesia. He coined the terms proteon and bioproteon, from the Greek "Proteon" for matter and "Bios" for life; bioproteon means living matter. He concluded that there is no difference between the two.
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James David Provins Graham FRSE FRCPSG FRCPE (1914–1989) was a Scottish physician, pharmacologist and academic author. He wrote on neurotransmissions in relation to chemical influence, including issues of drug dependence. He established the Welsh Poisons Information Service. In 1973 he sat on the first Committee on the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs.
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Heinrich Mückter (14 June 1914 – 22 May 1987) was a Nazi doctor, pharmacologist and chemist. During the Nazi occupation of Poland, Mückter was deputy director of the Kraków Institute for Typhus and Virus Research. Mückter and his colleagues repeatedly experimented on concentration camp prisoners in Buchenwald. Many prisoners died as a result of the experiments.
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Nikolai Pavlovich Kravkov (in Russian Николай Павлович Кравков) was a prominent Russian pharmacologist, Full Member of the Imperial Military Medical Academy (1914), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science (1920), and one of the first laureates of the Lenin Prize (1926). He is considered the founder of the Russian scientific school of pharmacology.
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Katherine Victoria Litwack was born on June 13, 1986 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Her mother, Ellen Judith Litwack, is a poet and speech therapist, and her father, Gerald J. Litwack, is a molecular pharmacologist, and college professor and chairman. Dennings is the youngest of five children, including an older brother, Geoffrey S. Litwack. Her family is Jewish.
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The physician James Hope from the mid-1830s combined lecturing at the Aldersgate School with other positions. The pharmacologist Jonathan Pereira came in to lecture on materia medica. Robert Edmond Grant lectured on anatomy, and Thomas Hodgkin on pathology. With the eventual decline of the school in the 1840s, some of its staff moved to St. Bartholomew's medical school.
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From 1973-5 he was a trainee registrar in psychiatry. From 1975-80 he was a research clinical pharmacologist and a medical advisor in the pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland, the Netherlands and Edinburgh. From 1980–4, he was a trainee in community medicine for the Fife Health Board, becoming a Community Medicine Specialist from 1984–7.
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4-Methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA) is a designer drug of the substituted amphetamine class developed in the 1990s by a team led by David E. Nichols, an American pharmacologist and medical chemist, at Purdue University. It acts as a non-neurotoxic highly selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) in animals. 4-MTA is the methylthio derivative of amphetamine.
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Mirela Delibegovic is a British pharmacologist/biochemist who is Dean for Industrial Engagement in Research & Knowledge Transfer and holds a Personal Chair at the Institute of Medical Sciences at the University of Aberdeen. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Delibegovic aims to use artificial intelligence to develop technologies that would allow mass-screening for coronavirus disease 2019.
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Joseph Gavin Collier was born to pharmacologist H. O. J. Collier and actress Patience Collier. They also had two daughters, who later became the textile designers Sarah Campbell and Susan Collier. After attending Cambridge, Collier gained admission to St George's Medical School in London to study medicine in 1964 and graduated in 1968. He gained a MD in 1975.
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Bhalchandra Babaji Dikshit (7 September 1902 - 1977) was an Indian physician and pharmacologist. He was the first director of AIIMS, New Delhi. He obtained an M.B.B.S. in 1925 from Bombay University and a D.P.H. from Calcutta University in 1925. He gained both an M.R.C.P.E. in 1933 and a Ph.D in 1934 from the University of Edinburgh.
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Later, Schaeffer joined Burroughs Wellcome and continued the development of aciclovir with pharmacologist Gertrude B. Elion. A U.S. patent on aciclovir listing Schaeffer as inventor was issued in 1979. Vince later went on to invent abacavir, an nRTI drug for HIV patients. Elion was awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Medicine, partly for the development of aciclovir.
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Born was born in Wheatley, Oxfordshire, the granddaughter of the physicist and Nobel laureate Max Born, daughter of the pharmacologist Gustav Born and Ann Plowden-Wardlaw, stepdaughter of American theatre director and writer George Mully, and cousin of the pop singer Olivia Newton-John. She is the partner of social theorist and political geographer Andrew Barry.
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In 1901, while in Germany, Magnus discovered the diuretic effect of the excretions of the pituitary gland."The action of pituitary extracys of the kidney", Journal of Physiology, Cambridge, 1901, 27: ix-x. From 1908, Rudolf Magnus worked on the physiology of posture and muscle tension. Although he was a pharmacologist, this research made him world famous.
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Peter Medawar, Nobel laureate and organ transplant pioneer. Magdalen counts among its alumni several recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Sir Howard Florey was an Australian pharmacologist who studied at Magdalen on a Rhodes Scholarship, graduating in 1924. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for the development of penicillin.
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Serafim Guimarães Serafim Guimarães, full name Serafim Correia Pinto Guimarães, (born May 2, 1934) is a Portuguese physician and pharmacologist. With his colleague Walter Osswald (born 1928) he made the Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, a center of research on catecholamines and the sympathetic nervous system, especially their relation to blood vessels.
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Its uterine-contracting properties were discovered by British pharmacologist Sir Henry Hallett Dale in 1906. Oxytocin's milk ejection property was described by Ott and Scott in 1910 and by Schafer and Mackenzie in 1911. Oxytocin became the first polypeptide hormone to be sequenced or synthesized. Du Vigneaud was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1955 for his work.
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Sir Henry Hallett Dale (9 June 1875 – 23 July 1968) was an English pharmacologist and physiologist. For his study of acetylcholine as agent in the chemical transmission of nerve pulses (neurotransmission) he shared the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Otto Loewi.Abigail O'Sullivan: Henry Dale's Nobel Prize winning 'discovery'. Minerva, 2001; 38: 409–424.
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Gordon A. Alles (November 26, 1901 – January 21, 1963), was an American chemist and pharmacologist who did extensive research on the isolation and properties of insulin for the treatment of diabetics. He is also credited with discovering and publishing the physiological effects of amphetamine and methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA).On Speed: The Many Lives of Amphetamine. Nicolas Rasmussen (2008).
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Sir Arnold Stanley Vincent Burgen, FRS (born 20 March 1922) is a retired British physician, pharmacologist, academic and university administrator. He was Master of Darwin College, Cambridge from 1982–89, Deputy Vice-Chancellor of The University of Cambridge from 1985–89, and founding President of the Academia Europæa. He is married to British crystallographer Olga Kennard.
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In 1957 she married George Mawer, a doctor and pharmacologist, with whom she had three daughters; they later divorced amicably. In 1981 she married Clifford Gordon Taylor, a research chemist. Mawer died on 7 March 2006 at Christie Hospital in Manchester, having had liver cancer for two years. She left her daughters and her second husband.
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On 22 March 1914 he committed suicide.Görres - Hittorp / edited by Rudolf Vierhaus Deutsche Biographische EnzyklopaedieHarnack, Gottfried Rudolf Otto Hessian Biography He was the son of theologian Theodosius Harnack, the brother of theologian Adolf von Harnack, mathematician Carl Gustav Axel Harnack and pharmacologist Erich Harnack. He was the father of screenwriter Falk Harnack and jurist Arvid Harnack.
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The Romans invented numerous surgical instruments, including the first instruments unique to women, as well as the surgical uses of forceps, scalpels, cautery, cross-bladed scissors, the surgical needle, the sound, and speculas.William Alexander Greenhill, Chirurgia Romans also performed cataract surgery. The Roman army physician Dioscorides (c. 40–90 CE), was a Greek botanist and pharmacologist.
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Max Jaffe was a distinguished 19th-century German biochemist, pathologist, pharmacologist, and professor. He was born on July 25, 1841, in what was formerly Grünberg, Silesia and is now Zielona Góra, Poland. While attending medical school at the University of Berlin, he studied under Ludwig Traube and Wilhelm Kühne. Afterward, he worked as an assistant in a medical clinic in Königsberg.
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Schäfer in middle of front row, Oliver in light coat. In the early 1890s, the German pharmacologist Carl Jacobj (1857–1944) in the laboratory of Oswald Schmiedeberg in Strasbourg studied the relationship between the adrenals and the intestine. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve or injection of muscarine elicited peristalsis. This peristalis was promptly abolished by electrical stimulation of the adrenals.
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Mikhail Davidovich Mashkovsky () (March 1, 1908 - June 5, 2002) was a famous Russian pharmacologist, and Academician of the Russian Academy of Science, the author of the famous Soviet and later on Russian pharmacopoeia "Medical compounds", which had 15 successful editions (the last 15th edition was published after his death in 2005 in RussiaЛекарственные средства, Машковский М.Д., Новая волна, 2005, (15th edition)).
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3/2013 and Vintilă Ciocâlteu, C. D. Zeletin, "Vintilă Ciocâlteu" , in România Literară, n.6/2002 distinguished for their work in the United States. At various intervals, the team also included surgeon Ion Țurai, pharmacologist Alfred Teitel, embryologist Benedict M. Menkeș, and anatomist Zalman Iagnov.Riga & Călin, pp.19, 129–130, 185–186; Francisc Schneider, "Evocări timișorene", in Realitatea Evreiască, n.
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Reaction between alkaloid extract from Capparis spinosa L and Dragendorff’s reagent Dragendorff's reagent is a color reagent to detect alkaloids in a test sample. Alkaloids, if present in the solution of sample, will react with Dragendorff's reagent and produce an orange or orange-red precipitate. This reagent was invented by the German pharmacologist, Johann Georg Dragendorff (1836-1898) at the University of Dorpat.
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Liljestrand was trained as a physiologist under Professor Jöns Johansson but became known mainly as a pharmacologist and for his cooperation with Ulf von Euler (later Nobel laureate of Medicine and Physiology) and Yngve Zotterman. He was secretary of the Nobel Committee of the Karolinska Institute for 40 years. In 1938, he was made a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
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The teacher added that McDonald "was not aggressive". Toxicology reports later revealed that McDonald had PCP in his blood and urine at the time of the encounter with police. Defense expert pharmacologist James Thomas O’Donnell testified that the amount found was enough to suggest he had taken the drug on the day of the shooting and that it could cause "significant bizarre behavior".
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The first discovered adaptogen was dibazol, in 1947 by Russian pharmacologist Nikolay Vasilievich Lazarev. Dibazol positively affected animals’ resistance against stress. Another example is Jacobs ladder (polemonium ceruleum) originally called Chilodynamia by Ancient Greeks. It was used to cure the vapours (hysteria and other cases of a patient losing mental focus,) and still is used today to assist individuals experiencing hysteria.
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Ryszard Jerzy Gryglewski (born 4 August 1932 in Wilno) is a Polish pharmacologist and physician. Member of the Polish Academy of Learning (PAU)MEMBERS OF POLISH ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, PAU CLASS V OF MEDICINE, Full Members, Polish Academy of Learning. Accessed January 28, 2010 and the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN).Full Members - Division VI, Polish Academy of Sciences.
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JoAnn Trejo is an American pharmacologist and professor in the Department of Pharmacology at the School of Medicine at University of California, San Diego. She is also the associate dean for Health Sciences Faculty Affairs. Trejo studies cell signalling by protease-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). She is also actively involved in outreach activities to increase the diversity of science.
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John Auer (March 30, 1875 – April 30, 1948) was an American physiologist and pharmacologist. He published nearly 150 papers during his career and is credited with the first description of Auer rods. Auer also contributed to the study of anaphylaxis and helped develop modern thoracic surgery. During World War I, he conducted wartime research with the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
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Despite the fact that Chai was endorsed by renowned pharmacologist Chen-Yuan Lee, he lost the DPP chairmanship election in 1996. However, the resignation of Su Tseng-chang as DPP chairperson in 2005 led to Chai's decision to run again. He was the first in the party to register his candidacy. Chai was one of the three candidates who registered.
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Soon after graduating from Hunter College, Elion met Leonard Canter, an outstanding statistics student at City College of New York (CCNY). They planned to marry, but Leonard became ill. On June 25, 1941, he died from bacterial endocarditis, an infection of his heart valves. In her Nobel interview, she stated that this furthered her drive to become a research scientist and pharmacologist.
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Angelo A. Izzo is an Italian pharmacologist and professor in the Department of Pharmacy in the School of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Naples Federico II. He serves as editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal Phytotherapy Research. He was named an ISI highly cited researcher in 2014 and was elected a fellow of the British Pharmacological Society in 2016.
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On June 8, 2008, Rao was randomly selected from over 1600 entrants to play the NPR Weekend Edition Sunday puzzle on air with Will Shortz. In 2009, he appeared in Avatar and Drag Me to Hell. He was nominated for several awards as part of the ensemble cast in Christopher Nolan's 2010 film Inception. He played a pharmacologist in the film.
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Jacques Delisse was born in Dax in 1773 and went to Paris in 1787 to study pharmacy. He joined the Baudin expedition to Australia, which sailed from Le Havre in October 1800, as a botanist-pharmacologist. Suffering from scurvy, he left the ship when it reached Mauritius the next year, and set up as a pharmacist in Port Louis.La Reconnaissance française.
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Branimir I. Sikic Branimir Ivan Sikic is an American medical doctor and scientist at Stanford University School of Medicine. He is an oncologist and cancer pharmacologist, and has served as a faculty member at Stanford University since 1979. His research spans basic, translational, and clinical research and investigates the mechanisms of drug resistance and the development of new anticancer therapies.
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C. Frank Bennett is an American pharmacologist. Bennett is currently the Senior Vice President of Research and Neurology Franchise Leader at Ionis Pharmaceuticals. He is a 2019 Breakthrough Prize winner in Life Sciences, which he shared with his collaborator Adrian R. Krainer for the development of an effective antisense oligonucleotide therapy for children with the neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy.
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Ramiro Castro de la Mata (full name Ramiro Castro de la Mata y Caamaño) (Huanuco, Peru, September 5, 1931 - Lima, Peru, December 27, 2006) was a physician, scientist, pharmacologist, professor and founder of the University Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru. He was recognized internationally as an expert in drug addiction.Castro de la Mata, R. 2001. La coca en la historia y la leyenda.
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Chen-Yuan Lee (; December 4, 1915 – November 2, 2001), was a Taiwanese pharmacologist and political activist. He is famous for his research on snake venom. He was a recipient of the prestigious Redi Award from the International Society on Toxinology (IST), and was also a former president of the society. He was a former dean of the National Taiwan University College of Medicine.
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Zhang Zhongjing (; 150219), formal name Zhang Ji (), was a Chinese pharmacologist, physician, inventor, and writer of the Eastern Han dynasty and one of the most eminent Chinese physicians during the later years of the Han dynasty. He established medication principles and summed up the medicinal experience until that time, thus making a great contribution to the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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She finished medical school in 1982 and completed house joins in medicine and surgery. She worked at Lymington Hospital and Southampton General Hospital. Her medical house job was with Charles George, a clinical pharmacologist who taught her about the importance of understanding the mechanism by which drugs work. In 1983 she started a senior house officer post in the Royal South Hants Hospital.
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Friedrich Jung (21 April 1915 - 5 August 1997) was a German doctor who became a leading Academic and Research Pharmacologist in the German Democratic Republic. Between 1949 and 1972 he was a professor at the Humboldt University of Berlin. He also served as the director of various research institutes outside the universities sector including, between 1972 and 1980, the at Berlin-Buch.
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David Siderovski is a North American pharmacologist with an Abel Number of 5. Since March 2020, Siderovski has been Chair of the HSC Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience at the University of North Texas Health Science Center. From 2012 to 2019, he was the E.J. Van Liere Medicine Professor and Chair of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience for the West Virginia University School of Medicine.
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Rida Ahmed al-Tubuly ( Riḍā aṭ-Ṭubūlī; born 1957, also Reda, Al-Tubuly, Al Tubuly, al-Tabuly) is a Libyan pharmacologist and activist. She teaches at the University of Tripoli as a professor of pharmacology. She is an activist for equality and has campaigned to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325. She was selected as one of the BBC 100 Women in 2019.
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He was born in Berlin the son of pharmacologist Valentin Rose. Rose was a graduate of the University of Berlin, where he was a student of mineralogist Christian Samuel Weiss (1780–1856). He also studied under Swedish physical chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848) in Stockholm. While studying with Berzelius, Rose met German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich (1794–1863), with whom he maintained a lifelong friendship.
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David Colquhoun (born 19 July 1936) is a British pharmacologist at University College London (UCL). He has contributed to the general theory of receptor and synaptic mechanisms, and in particular the theory and practice of single ion channel function. He held the A.J. Clark chair of Pharmacology at UCL from 1985 to 2004, and was the Hon. Director of the Wellcome Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology.
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Jaume Raventós i Pijoan (1905-1982) was a Catalan scientist and pharmacologist. As a refugee from Franco's Spain he worked in Edinburgh and Manchester. Intimately involved in the characterisation of Halothane (or Fluothane) in conjunction with Charles Suckling. Known as James Raventos in the UK. In the period 1928-1933 he worked in Barcelona with August Pi i Sunyer and Francesc Domènech i Alsina.
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"An Archaeological and Historical Account of Cannabis in China", Economic Botany 28.4:437–448, p. 444. Emperor Shen-Nung, who was also a pharmacologist, wrote a book on treatment methods in 2737 BCE that included the medical benefits of cannabis. He recommended the substance for many ailments, including constipation, gout, rheumatism, and absent-mindedness. Cannabis is one of the 50 "fundamental" herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Barbour at Trinity College, 1906 Henry Gray Barbour (28 March 1886 - 23 September 1943) was an American physiologist and pharmacologist who served as a professor of pharmacology and toxicology at Yale University. He studied water exchange and metabolism associated with thermal control. He devised a standard technique for measuring the specific gravity of blood plasma. He found that heavy water decelerated metabolic activities in animals.
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In the end of 1960's The International Olympic Committee banned ibogaine as a potential doping agent. Other psychedelics have also been reported to have been used in similar way as doping. In 1948, Swiss pharmacologist Peter N. Witt started his research on the effect of drugs on spiders. Witt tested spiders with a range of psychoactive drugs, including amphetamine, mescaline, strychnine, LSD, and caffeine.
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Everhardus Jacobus Ariëns (29 January 1918 - 3 March 2002) was a Dutch pharmacologist and professor at the Catholic University of Nijmegen (now Radboud University Nijmegen). He made important contributions to the function of receptors and the mathematical description of ligand–receptor interactions (receptor theory). Moreover, Everhardus Ariëns was the initiator for the collection of stereochemistry in drug development and spearheading the development of enantiopure drugs.
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Gabriel Bertrand (born 17 May 1867 in Paris, died 20 June 1962 in Paris) was a French pharmacologist, biochemist and bacteriologist. Bertrand introduced into biochemistry both the term “oxidase” and the concept of trace elements. The laccase, a polyphenol oxidase and an enzyme oxidating urishiol and laccol obtained from the lacquer tree, was first studied by Gabriel BertrandGabriel Bertrand on isimabomba.free.fr (French) in 1894.
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He was the son of pharmacologist Jerzy Maj. He began working as assistant director on the documentary film Druga cisza (The Second Silence) directed by Tadeusz Lis and Maciej Szumowski. In the mid-1970s, he became involved with the Piwnica pod Baranami ensemble. In 1978, he performed in the radio play of the Polish Radio Theater, Doktor Piotr based on Stefan Żeromski's prose, directed by Romana Mater.
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Rudi Pauwels (born 1960) is a Belgian pharmacologist. He studied pharmaceutical sciences at the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, and obtained a PhD with a dissertation on Development of New Anti-HIV Agents. He did research on virology at the Rega Institute for Medical Research.Pauwels R, Andries K, Desmyter J, Schols D, Kukla MJ, Breslin HJ, Raeymaeckers A, Van Gelder J, Woestenborghs R, Heykants J, et al.
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During WWI he was a Major in the Army Reserve Corps and contributed to wartime research conducted at the Rockefeller Institute. In 1921, Auer became a Professor of Pharmacology at the St. Louis University School of Medicine. He later became Departmental Chairman and took up a position as Pharmacologist to the St. Mary's Hospital in St. Louis. He maintained these positions until his death in 1948.
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Professor Hubert Frank Woods (1937-2016), known as Frank, was a British pharmacologist. He was appointed professor of pharmacology and therapeutics at the University of Sheffield in 1976. In 1989 he became Sir George Franklin professor of medicine and was made the University's director of the division of clinical sciences (south). He was dean of the faculty of medicine there from 1988 to 1998.
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From 1919 to 1921 he worked as a pharmacologist in the research laboratories of Sandoz AG (Basel). In 1921 he succeeded Gustav von Bunge as professor of physical chemistry at the University of Basel, where he also served as director of the institute for physiological chemistry.Spiro, Karl Universitätsarchiv Leipzig He died in Wimmenau, aged 64. In 1897 he invented "Pyramidon", the trade name for aminopyrine.
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Etoposide was first synthesized in 1966 and U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval was granted in 1983. The nickname VP-16 likely comes from a compounding of the last name of one of the chemists who performed early work on the drug (von Wartburg) and podophyllotoxin. Another scientist who was integral in the development of podophyllotoxin-based chemotherapeutics was the medical pharmacologist Hartmann F. Stähelin.
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Mescaline is the principal active psychedelic agent of the peyote and San Pedro cacti, which have been used in Native American religious ceremonies for thousands of years.Lower Pecos and Coahuila peyote: new radiocarbon dates. Terry M, Steelman KL, Guilderson T, Dering P, Rowe MW. J Archaeological Science. 2006;33:1017–1021. A German pharmacologist, Arthur Heffter, isolated the alkaloids in the peyote cactus in 1897.
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For her part in that action, USS Pope received the US Presidential Unit Citation. Pope continued operations with USS Guadalcanal in the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea until the end of the war in the Atlantic and Europe. She assisted in the sinking of the U-boat U-546 on 24 April 1945. Notable crew members were science writer Martin Gardner and pharmacologist Alexander Shulgin.
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Kent Eugene Vrana is an American pharmacologist. He was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, and attended Thomas Jefferson High School in Council Bluffs, Iowa. Vrana then enrolled at the University of Iowa, where he studied biochemistry, graduating in 1978. He pursued a doctorate in the subject from the Louisiana State University Medical Center, completing graduate study in 1983, followed by postdoctoral study at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
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The French pharmacologist Raphaël Dubois carried out work on bioluminescence in the late nineteenth century. He studied click beetles (Pyrophorus) and the marine bivalve mollusc Pholas dactylus. He refuted the old idea that bioluminescence came from phosphorus, and demonstrated that the process was related to the oxidation of a specific compound, which he named luciferin, by an enzyme. He sent Harvey siphons from the mollusc preserved in sugar.
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Alexander A. Borbély (born 1939 in Budapest) is a Hungarian-Swiss pharmacologist known for his sleep research. Borbély proposed the two-process model of sleep regulation in 1982 which postulates there are two complementary processes (S and C, which stands for Sleep and Circadian, respectively) which together account for one's sleep schedule. This model has been widely influential and strongly influenced the field of circadian neuroscience for decades.
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Two drops of A are dropped onto the substance followed by one drop of B and any change in colour is observed. The test turns phenobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital and secobarbital light purple by complexation of cobalt with the barbiturate nitrogens. The test, in a slightly different formulation, was developed in the 1930s by the Hungarian-American pharmacologist Theodore Koppanyi (1901-1985) and the American Biochemist, James Madison Dille (1928-1986).
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He subsequently practiced medicine in Paris (from 1862) and London (from 1870), where he was head of ophthalmology at St. Thomas Hospital. He later retired from medicine and moved back to Paris, where he worked as a sculptor and painter. His brother, Oskar Liebreich (1839-1908) was a noted pharmacologist. In 1863 he published the highly acclaimed Atlas des Ophthalmoscopie, an atlas dedicated to the subject of ophthalmoscopy.
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The Tang pharmacologist Su Kung noted that it had proved its usefulness against "the hundred ailments." Whether this panacea contained the traditional ingredients such as opium, myrrh and hemp, is not known. In the Middle East, theriac was known as Tiryaq, and makers of it were known as Tiryaqi. In medieval London, the preparation arrived on galleys from the Mediterranean, under the watchful eye of the Worshipful Company of Grocers.
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They now comprise the plasma membrane noradrenaline transporter (NAT or NET), the classical uptake1, and the analogous dopamine transporter (DAT); the plasma membrane extraneuronal monoamine transporter or organic cation transporter 3 (EMT or SLC22A3), Iversen's uptake2; and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) with two isoforms. Transporters and intracellular enzymes such as monoamine oxidase operating in series constitute what the pharmacologist Ullrich Trendelenburg at the University of Würzburg called metabolizing systems.
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Gareth J. Sanger (born 1953) is a British pharmacologist. Sanger was a research fellow at King's College Hospital Medical School from 1977 to 1990. He then spent a period in the pharmacological industry, before being appointed, in 2009, Professor of Neuropharmacology, at Queen Mary University of London. He has served as editor and reviews editor for the "British Journal of Pharmacology" and as an editorial board member for "Drug Discovery Today".
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Chauncey Depew Leake (September 5, 1896 - January 11, 1978) was an American pharmacologist, medical historian and ethicist. Leake received a bachelor's degree with majors in biology, chemistry, and philosophy from Princeton University. He received his M.S. (1920) and Ph.D. (1923) from the University of Wisconsin in pharmacology and physiology.Register of the Chauncey DePew Leake papers, 1912-1978 (Online Archives of California) Leake was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey.Staff.
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Miguel Andonie Fernández (30 October 1921 in Gualala, Santa Bárbara – 30 November 2013) was a Honduran chemist, pharmacologist, academic, politician and businessman of paternal Palestinian origin. He was associated with the Colegio de Químicos y Farmacéuticos. He was the chairman of Multimedia, SA and a real estate investor, and invested much in a chain of pharmacies in Honduras. He owned one of Honduras's most notable radio stations, Radio America.
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In 1716, Peter established the mineral cabinet of Kunstkamera, depositing there a collection of 1195 minerals which he had bought from Gotvald, a Danzig doctor. The collection was enriched with Russian minerals. It was a predecessor of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, now based in Moscow. Many items were bought in Amsterdam from pharmacologist Albertus Seba (1716) and anatomist Frederik Ruysch (1717) and formed the basis for the Academy of Sciences.
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A report on Narconon for the Department of Health in California described the mega-doses of vitamins as "hazardous" and "in some cases lethal". Prof. Michael Ryan, a pharmacologist at University College Dublin, testified in a 2003 court case that the program is scientifically unverified and medically unsafe. Those who market the program insist that it has been proven safe and effective. The marketing materials present testimonials for the Rundown's effectiveness.
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Sang Guowei (; born November 1941 in Wuxing, Zhejiang) is a Chinese pharmacologist, physician and politician. He graduated from Shanghai Medical College and was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He served as the chairman of the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, a recognized minor political party in China, and was a Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress between 2008 and 2013.
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In 2009, Chinese pharmacologist Li Lianda claimed that a key product made by Tasly was unsafe. Tasly sued Li in 2013, alleging that Li's claim was baseless and was motivated by his financial and employment relations with Guangzhou Pharmaceutical, a direct competitor of Tasly. In September 2014, the Tianjin High People's Court ruled in favour of Tasly and ordered Li to issue an apology and pay Tasly 300,000 yuan in compensation.
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Engraving of Johann Jakob Wepfer Johann Jakob Wepfer (December 23, 1620 - January 26, 1695) was a Swiss pathologist and pharmacologist who was a native of Schaffhausen. He studied medicine in Strasbourg, Basel and Padua, and in 1647 returned to Schaffhausen to practice medicine. Here he maintained a practice that extended into southern Germany. During his career he also served as a private physician and consultant to various members of royalty.
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The DEA was surprised when a number of psychiatrists, psychotherapists, and researchers objected to the proposed scheduling and requested a hearing. In a Newsweek article published the next year, a DEA pharmacologist stated that the agency had been unaware of its use among psychiatrists. An initial hearing was held on 1 February 1985 at the DEA offices in Washington, D.C. with administrative law judge Francis L. Young presiding.
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Rudolf Magnus (2 September 1873, Brunswick - 25 July 1927, Pontresina) was a German pharmacologist and physiologist. He studied medicine, specialising in pharmacology, in Heidelberg, where he became associate professor of pharmacology in 1904. In 1908 he became the first professor of pharmacology in Utrecht, where he spent the rest of his working life. Had he lived, he likely would have been awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on animal reflexes.
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Published in 1970, the first identification of DMT in the plant Psychotria viridis, another common additive of ayahuasca, was made by a team of American researchers led by pharmacologist Ara der Marderosian. Not only did they detect DMT in leaves of P. viridis obtained from Kaxinawá indigenous people, but they also were the first to identify it in a sample of an ayahuasca decoction, prepared by the same indigenous people.
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Its metabolism has been described in scientific literature. MBDB was first synthesized by pharmacologist and medicinal chemist David E. Nichols and later tested by Alexander Shulgin and described in his book, PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. MBDB's dosage, according to PiHKAL, is 180–210 mg; the proper dosage relative to body mass seems unknown. Its duration is 4–6 hours, with noticeable after- effects lasting for 1–3 hours.
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Flurothyl was at one time studied in psychiatric medicine for shock therapy, in a similar manner to other convulsant drugs such as pentetrazol, as an alternative to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This use has now been discontinued. In 1953, the Maryland pharmacologist J. C. Krantz experimented with flurothyl to induce seizures in psychiatric patients as an alternative to ECT. Flurothyl was injected into a plastic container in a tight fitting face mask.
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Johann Ludwig Casper (11 March 1796 – 24 February 1864) was a German forensic scientist, criminologist, pathologist, pediatrician, pharmacologist, professor and author. Casper was born in 1796 in Berlin, Germany. He studied pharmacology and medicine in Berlin, Göttingen and Halle, and he officially graduated with a doctorate in 1819. Casper traveled to familiarize himself with medical science in France and England, and then returned to his native city in 1822.
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Dato' Gan Ee Kiang (born 23 June 1944) is a Malaysian pharmacologist. He is Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Science, Malaysia, and currently holds the honorary office of Chancellor of the International Medical University in Kuala Lumpur. He joined the University of Science in 1977 and was Dean of School of Pharmaceutical Sciences from 1979 to 1995. He has also served as an adviser to the World Health Organization.
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Walter Ernest Dixon FRS (2 June 1871 – 16 August 1931) was a British pharmacologist. He was born in Darlington, County Durham and educated at school in Darlington and at Dulwich, gaining a Science Entrance Scholarship to St. Thomas's Hospital in 1890. He later obtained degrees from both London University and Cambridge University. He became a house physician and then a Demonstrator at St. Thomas's in the Department of Physiology.
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In 1948, Frankland was instrumental in the creation of the British Association of Allergists. The speakers at the Association's inaugural meeting included Sir Henry Dale, pharmacologist and chairman of the board at the Wellcome Trust, and Dr. John Freeman. In 1962 the Association became the British Allergy Society, and Frankland served as president between 1963 and 1966. The society became the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) in 1973.
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Su Shi (1037–1101), the Song dynasty scholar and pharmacologist, was familiar with the life-prolonging claims of alchemists, but wrote in a letter that, "I have recently received some cinnabar (elixir) which shows a most remarkable colour, but I cannot summon up enough courage to try it." (tr. Needham and Ho 1970: 320). The forensic medical expert Song Ci was familiar with the effects of metal poisoning, and his c.
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Hermann von Tappeiner Hermann von Tappeiner (18 November 1847 in Meran - 12 January 1927 in Munich) was a German pharmacologist. He was the son of anthropologist Franz Tappeiner (1816–1902). He studied at the universities of Innsbruck, Göttingen, Leipzig, Heidelberg and Tübingen, receiving his doctorate in 1872. As a student, his influences included Carl Ludwig and Gustav von Hüfner at Leipzig, and Robert Bunsen at the University of Heidelberg.
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Among his written works was a textbook on human physiology that he co-authored with pharmacologist Jean-François Heymans, called Kurzes Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen, and a treatise on skin sensation that he published with Alfred Goldscheider (1858–1935), titled Ueber die Summation von Hautreizen. In 1887, with Sigmund Exner, he founded the periodical Centralblatt für Physiologie.Gad, Johannes - Zeno.org : Pagel: Biographical Dictionary outstanding physicians of the nineteenth century.
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Calcium channel blockers were first identified in the lab of German pharmacologist Albrecht Fleckenstein beginning in 1964. In 1025, Avicenna introduced the medicinal use of Taxus baccata for phytotherapy in The Canon of Medicine. He named this herbal drug "Zarnab" and used it as a cardiac remedy. This was the first known use of a calcium channel blocker drug, which were not in wide use in the Western world until the 1960s.
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Osler recommended Rowntree to Johns Hopkins Hospital where he worked with John J. Abel, a prominent pharmacologist. Abel introduced him to phthalein, from which he and J. T. Geraghty developed the Rowntree test of renal function. With Norman Keith of Toronto, Rowntree invented a method to calculate blood and plasma volume using a red dye dilution method. Abel and Rowntree also developed the first artificial kidney, also known as dialysis, in 1913.
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In 1955, after moving to the National Cancer Institute, Li had the opportunity to test his hypotheses. Li's first patient was the 24-year-old wife of a U.S. Navy dental technician. A lesion in one of her lungs had ruptured, filling her chest cavity with blood and air (a condition known as hemopneumothorax) and leaving her near death. After consultation with pharmacologist Paul Condit, Li administered a single 10 mg dose of methotrexate.
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Crateuas or Cratevas, nicknamed the Rhizotomist (Evidence of spelling in „De materia medica, Dioscurides Pedianus, De materia medica, Wellmann, Weidmann, 1958“) was a Greek doctor and pharmacologist who lived around 100 BC. The second image of doctors in the Vienna Dioscurides (Sheet 3 verso). Krateuas is in the top left hand corner next to Galen.Der Wiener Dioskurides: Codex medicus Graecus 1 der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek. Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt 1998 (Glanzlichter der Buchkunst) p.
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Osic is a morphogenic pharmacologist who tended in a booth in a feria in Gatun city, Panama. He is approached by a stranger, the woman Tamara Marian de la Garza, who requires him to regrow her right hand. The bloody stump on the end of her arm, signifying a traumatic amputation. It transpires that she is on the run from powerful political forces, the assassins of which attempt to kill her and Osic.
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John Edward Gray, FRS (12 February 1800 - 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The same is used for a zoological name. Gray was keeper of zoology at the British Museum in London from 1840 until Christmas 1874, before the natural history holdings were split off to the Natural History Museum.
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Hans Horst Meyer, bust in the Arkadenhof of the University of Vienna Hans Horst Meyer (March 17, 1853 - October 6, 1939) was a German pharmacologist. He studied medicine and did research in pharmacology. The Meyer-Overton hypothesis on the mode of action on general anaesthetics is partially named after him. He also discovered the importance of glucuronic acid as a reaction partner for drugs, and the mode of action of tetanus toxin on the body.
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Maria Pia Abbracchio is an Italian pharmacologist who researches the biochemical effect of drugs at the cellular level. She has conducted research all over the world and is one of the scientists Thomson Reuter's has named as most cited scientists since 2006. She is known for her work with purinergic receptors and identification of GPR17. In 2014 she was awarded the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic for her individual scientific accomplishments.
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Many Iranians took the Chinese name Li to use as their last name when they moved to China. One prominent family included Li Xian (pharmacologist) and Li Xun. Sources say that either one of them was responsible for writing the "Hai Yao Ben Cao" (Hai yao pen ts'ao), translating to "Pharmacopoeia of foreign drugs". Li Xun was interested in foreign drugs and his book, The Haiyao Bencao, was all about foreign drugs.
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Cephalon, Inc. was an American biopharmaceutical company co-founded in 1987 by pharmacologist Frank Baldino, Jr., neuroscientist Michael Lewis, and organic chemist James C. Kauer—all three former scientists with the DuPont Company. Baldino served as Cephalon's chairman and chief executive officer, until his death in December 2010. The company's name comes from the adjective "cephalic" meaning "related to the head or brain", as it was established primarily to pursue treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Esperanza Alcantara Icasas-Cabral is a Filipino cardiologist and clinical pharmacologist. She served as Secretary of the Department of Health in the Philippines, taking office in January 2010 replacing Dr. Francisco Duque after his appointment as head of the Civil Service Commission. Before her appointment as Secretary of Health, she was previously the Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development, replacing Corazon Soliman. Cabral is married to Dr. Bienvenido Villegas Cabral, an ophthalmologist.
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Valentin Rose the Younger (30 October 1762 – 9 August 1807) was a German pharmacologist from Berlin, Margraviate of Brandenburg. Son of Valentin Rose the Elder (1736–1771). Beginning in 1778, he spent four years as a pharmacy apprentice in Frankfurt am Main, afterwards returning to Berlin, where he worked as an assistant at his late father's pharmacy. In Berlin, he attended lectures given by Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch and Martin Klaproth at the Collegium Medico-chirurgicum.
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Marcus Johannes "Mark" Post (born 20 July 1957) is a Dutch pharmacologist who is Professor of Vascular Physiology at Maastricht University and (until 2010) Professor of Angiogenesis in Tissue Engineering at the Eindhoven University of Technology. On 5 August 2013, he was the first in the world to present a proof of concept for cultured meat. In 2020, he was listed by Prospect as the ninth- greatest thinker for the COVID-19 era.
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Professor Norman Bowery , (1944 – 25 October 2016) was a British pharmacologist and former Head of Division of Neuroscience and Chair of Pharmacology at the University of Birmingham from 1995 to 2004. He was president of the British Pharmacological Society from 1995–1997 and 1999–2000. His research work focused on GABAB receptors, including coining the term GABA B, and extensive studies of GABAB receptor pharmacology. He had previously worked at St Thomas' Hospital, London.
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Julius Pohl (1 November 1861 in Prague - 27 September 1942 in Hamburg- Eimsbüttel) was an Austrian-German pharmacologist. From 1879 to 1883 he studied medicine at the German University in Prague, where afterwards he worked as an assistant to Franz Hofmeister in the pharmacology institute. In 1892 he received his habilitation for pharmacology and pharmacognosy, and three years later became an associate professor. In 1897 he succeeded Hofmeister as chair of pharmacology at the university.
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Michel Bouvier (born September 14, 1958) is a Canadian biochemist and molecular pharmacologist. He is a professor of biochemistry and molecular medicine at Université de Montréal; a principal investigator and the Chief Executive Officer at the Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer; and an Associate Vice-President in Research, Scientific Discovery, Creation and Innovation at Université de Montréal. His work focuses on the study of cell signaling towards the discovery of new pharmaceutical drugs.
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It also quotes the Tang Dynasty pharmacologist Chen Cangqi (713-741 CE) that: > ashes of old flowered silk are a cure for poison of ku of insects or > reptiles which eat such silk. His commentator adds, that those insects are > coiled up like a finger-ring, and eat old red silk and flowered silk, just > as caterpillars eat leaves; hence, considered in the light of the present > day, those insects are gold caterpillars.
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Letter to the editor. JAMA 1964; 188: 255 and his preference for open chest long-term lead placement versus transvenous lead placement. Paul Zoll was helped by several colleagues who shared his goals and worked by his side. They were Alan Belgard, his sole engineer; surgeon Leona Norman Zarsky, who directed the animal research laboratory; Arthur Linenthal, cardiac pharmacologist and electrophysiologist; and Howard Frank, thoracic surgeon and pioneering partner in implanting long-term pacemakers.
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Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz (August 6, 1853 - July 13, 1932) was a German pharmacologist from Wesel, Rhenish Prussia. Commemorative plaque for Schulz at Bahnhofstraße 51 in Greifswald. He studied medicine in the universities of Heidelberg and Bonn, where he did scientific work in the physiological institute of Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflüger (1829-1910). In 1877 he earned his doctorate, and afterwards worked in the pharmacological institute of Karl Binz (1832-1913) at Bonn.
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Johann Friedrich Laurer (28 September 1798 in Bindlach - 23 November 1873 in Greifswald) was a German anatomist, pharmacologist and lichenologist. He initially trained as a pharmacist, of which, he worked as an assistant under Heinrich Christian Funck at the pharmacy in Gefrees. He made the acquaintance of David Heinrich Hoppe, who inspired him to learn botany, and by way of an invitation from bryologist Christian Friedrich Hornschuch, he became a student at the University of Greifswald.ADB:Laurer, Johann Friedrich (1.
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Sir John Robert Vane (29 March 1927 – 19 November 2004) was a British pharmacologist who was instrumental in the understanding of how aspirin produces pain-relief and anti-inflammatory effects and his work led to new treatments for heart and blood vessel disease and introduction of ACE inhibitors. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982 along with Sune Bergström and Bengt Samuelsson for "their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances".
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Others worked in the field after the war; pharmacologist Gustav Kuschinsky continued work similar to that begun with funding from Astel's institute with funding from the cigarette company Reemtsma. Fritz Lickint was appointed to public hospital and teaching posts again after the war. Many wartime research publications were never shipped abroad, and after the war, pre-war and wartime publications on nicotine were ignored even within Germany. Post-war researchers were unaware of the earlier non-English-language studies.
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Over a hundred of the 224 compounds mentioned in the Huangdi Neijing, an early Chinese medical text, are herbs. Herbs also commonly featured in the traditional medicine of ancient India, where the principal treatment for diseases was diet. De Materia Medica, originally written in Greek by Pedanius Dioscorides (c. 40–90 AD) of Anazarbus, Cilicia, a Greek physician, pharmacologist and botanist, is one example of herbal writing which was used for 1500 years until the 1600s.
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The Liang shu also says it was found in Kucha (modern Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang), the 7th-century Jinshu says in Shaanxi, and the 10th-century Tangshu says in India. The Jiangnan Bielu history of the Southern Tang (937–976) says langgan was mined at Pingze 平澤 in Shu (Sichuan Province) (Laufer 1915: 205). The Daoist scholar and alchemist Tao Hongjing (456-536) notes langgan gemstone was traditionally associated with Sichuan. The Tang pharmacologist Su Jing 蘇敬 (d.
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Susan Marion Wood (20 July 1952 – 30 September 1998), was a British pharmacologist, physician and medical regulator, principal assessor for the Committee on Safety of Medicines. She was born Susan Marion Ryan on 20 July 1952 in Hlatikulu, Swaziland, and educated at King's College London from where she received a first class honours degree in pharmacology in 1973. Wood was principal assessor for the Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM), from 1988. In 1978, she married John Wood.
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Philip Needleman is an American pharmacologist and academic. Needleman was a professor and associate dean at the Washington University School of Medicine and he served as an executive at Monsanto/Searle. He is credited with discovering the first thromboxane synthase inhibitor, the inflammatory substance known as COX-2 and the cardiac hormone known as atriopeptin. Needleman is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
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Dr. Fayaz Ahmad Malik is an Indian pharmacologist, cancer biologist and a scientist at the Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. He is known for his studies on investigating the regulatory mechanisms of Cancer Stem Cells during tumor metastasis. His studies also involve the identification of signaling networks conferring resistance to current anti-cancer therapies. His discovery of new anticancer agents holds a number of patents for the processes he has developed.
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Frances Kathleen Oldham Kelsey, CM (July 24, 1914 – August 7, 2015) was a Canadian-born American pharmacologist and physician. As a reviewer for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), she refused to authorize thalidomide for market because she had concerns about the lack of evidence regarding the drug's safety. Her concerns proved to be justified when it was shown that thalidomide caused serious birth defects. Kelsey's career intersected with the passage of laws strengthening FDA oversight of pharmaceuticals.
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Pert was an internationally recognized pharmacologist who published over 250 scientific articles on peptides and their receptors and the role of these neuropeptides in the immune system. Her earliest work as a researcher involved the discovery of opiate receptors and the actions of receptors. She had an international reputation in the field of neuropeptide and receptor pharmacology, and chemical neuroanatomy. Pert also lectured worldwide on these and other subjects, including her theories on emotions and mind-body communication.
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Otto Loewi (3 June 1873 – 25 December 1961) was a German-born pharmacologist and psychobiologist who discovered the role of acetylcholine as an endogenous neurotransmitter. For his discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936, which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, who was a lifelong friend that helped to inspire the neurotransmitter experiment. Loewi met Dale in 1902 when spending some months in Ernest Starling's laboratory at University College, London.
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Ignác Kúnos (originally Ignác Lusztig; 22 September 1860, in Hajdúsámson, Hungary – 12 January 1945, in Budapest, Hungary) was a Hungarian linguist, turkologist, folklorist, a correspondent member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. At his time he was one of the most recognised scholars of the Turkish folk literature and Turkish dialectology. Grandfather of George Kunos (1942) American-Hungarian neuroendocrinologist, pharmacologist. He attended the Reformed College in Debrecen, then studied linguistics at the Budapest University between 1879 and 1882.
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Mahmoud A. ElSohly is an Egyptian-born American pharmacologist known for his research into cannabis. He is a professor of pharmaceutics and research professor at the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Mississippi. He is also the director of the University of Mississippi's Marijuana Research Project, the only legal source of marijuana that can be used for medical research in the United States. He is also the president and laboratory director of ElSohly Laboratories, Incorporated.
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Ahmad-Reza Dehpour is an Iranian pharmacologist and biomedical scientist, among the top 1% in the world, and the world's highly cited researchers announced by Thomson Reuters ISI. He is currently a distinguished professor of pharmacology at the School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). He is also the director of the Experimental Medicine Research Center and the director of drug discovery and evaluation committee in the National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD).
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He and the pharmacologist Hans Horst Meyer had their laboratories in the same building, and Behring stimulated Meyer's interest in the mode of action of tetanus toxin. Behring won the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901 for the development of serum therapies against diphtheria. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1902. In 1904 he founded the Behringwerke in Marburg, a company to produce antitoxins and vaccines.
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The development of aromatase inhibitors was first pioneered by the work of British pharmacologist Angela Brodie at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, first demonstrating efficacy of Formestane in clinical trials in 1982. The drug was first marketed in 1994. Investigations and research has been undertaken to study the use of aromatase inhibitors to stimulate ovulation, and also to suppress estrogen production. Aromatase inhibitors have been shown to reverse age-related declines in testosterone, including primary hypogonadism.
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He is also Director of the Gastrointestinal Malignancies Program at the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University. From 2017-2020, Waldman was a Visiting Professor at the Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, China. From 1983 to 1990 Waldman was a Staff Pharmacologist at the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto. From 1991 to 1997 he was the Medical Director of the Clinical Research Unit at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, where he now is an attending physician.
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Margaret M. "Peg" McCarthy (born August 21, 1958) is an American neuroscientist and pharmacologist. She is the James & Carolyn Frenkil Endowed Dean's Professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, where she is also Professor and Chair of the Department of Pharmacology. She is known for her research on the neuroscience of sex differences and their underlying mechanisms. In 2019, she received the Gill Transformative Investigator Award from the Gill Center for Biomolecular Science at Indiana University.
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Dr. Yeshwant S. Bakhle DPhil, DSc (born 1936), is a British pharmacologist. Bakhle studied chemistry, with supplementary chemical pharmacology, in the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Oxford, later obtaining both a DPhil and, in 1993, a DSc there. He spent two years at Yale University as a Fulbright Fellow, then in 1965 obtained a position at the Royal College of Surgeons' Department of Pharmacology under John Vane. He was appointed reader in biochemical pharmacology there in 1980.
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Tom Blackburn FBPharmacolS, FRSB (born 1949) is a British industrial pharmacologist. Blackburn studied at both the University of Nottingham and Manchester University, and worked as a senior manager at ICI Pharmaceuticals, Beecham Pharmaceuticals SmithKline Beecham, Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corporation and Helicon Therapeutics. He is the author of over 100 scientific papers, reviews and book chapters and holds over 20 patents. He is President Emeritus of the British Pharmacological Society and is a member of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
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During this time he met Monique Nuet, a Vietnamese-born pharmacologist and they were married in 1977. In 1979 Lewis undertook Arabic language training in preparation for assignment to the Middle East. He was first assigned to Tunis and was then transferred to Beirut on temporary assignment on 13 August 1982. Lewis was appointed as Deputy Station Chief while his wife Monique gained security clearance and was due to start work as a CIA secretary on 18 April 1983.
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Elena Cattaneo (; born 22 October 1962) is an Italian pharmacologist and co- founding director of the University of Milan's Center for Stem Cell Research. She is an internationally prominent Huntington's disease researcher and stem cell research advocate. She is internationally recognised for her major commitment to research ethics and research policy, and for increasing knowledge and engagement in research among the general public. On 30 August 2013, she was appointed senator for life in the Italian Parliament.
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Elaborate taxonomies also occur in the Charaka Samhitā, Sushruta Samhita and Vaisesika. ;Ancient China In ancient China lists of different plants and herb concoctions for pharmaceutical purposes date back to at least the time of the Warring States (481 BC-221 BC). Many Chinese writers over the centuries contributed to the written knowledge of herbal pharmaceutics. The Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD) includes the notable work of the Huangdi Neijing and the famous pharmacologist Zhang Zhongjing.
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Franz Tappeiner Franz Tappeiner, Edler von Tappein (7 January 1816, Laas – 20 August 1902, Meran) was an Austrian physician and anthropologist. He was the father of pharmacologist Hermann von Tappeiner. He studied at the universities of Prague, Padua and Vienna, and afterwards opened a medical practice in his hometown of Laas. Later on, he became a spa physician in Meran, about which, he advocated fresh-air therapy for tuberculosis patients and water treatments for sufferers of typhus.
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Eva Mameli Giuliana Luigia Evelina Mameli (February 12, 1886 – March 31, 1978), was an Italian botanist, and naturalist. A native of Sassari, in Sardinia, in 1906 she moved to Pavia with her brother Efisio Mameli, chemist and pharmacologist at the local university, where in 1907 she graduated in Natural Sciences.Paola Govoni, “La casa laboratorio dei Calvino Mameli, tra scienza, arte e letteratura. Con lettere inedite di Italo Calvino a Olga Resnevic Signorelli” in Belfagor, 2012, pp. 545˗567.
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Elliot Saul Vesell (December 24, 1933 – July 23, 2018) was an American pharmacologist. A New York City native born on December 24, 1933, Vesell attended Horace Mann School and Philips Exeter Academy before enrolling at Harvard University, where he studied American literature and history. Vesell then earned a medical degree from Harvard Medical School and completed postdoctoral research at Rockefeller University. After a stint at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Vesell worked for the National Institutes of Health.
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That year, Filipino physician Eusebio Y. GarciaAbout Eusebio Y. Garcia, see: used metformin (he named it Fluamine) to treat influenza; he noted the medication "lowered the blood sugar to minimum physiological limit" and was not toxic. Garcia believed metformin to have bacteriostatic, antiviral, antimalarial, antipyretic and analgesic actions.Quoted from Chemical Abstracts, v.45, 24828 (1951) In a series of articles in 1954, Polish pharmacologist Janusz SupniewskiAbout Janusz Supniewski, see: was unable to confirm most of these effects, including lowered blood sugar.
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This bookplate appears in books that were part of the collection of Emil Starkenstein. Emil Starkenstein (December 18, 1884—November 6, 1942) was a Czech-Jewish pharmacologist and one of the founders of clinical pharmacology. He was killed in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp along with a few hundred refugees from Amsterdam after an incident in which a Dutch Jew resisted a Nazi patrol. Emil Starkenstein was born in the Bohemian (now Czech) town of Poběžovice, (Ronsperg) to Jewish German parents.
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"Beyond Bedlam" was the cover story in the August 1951 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction, illustrated by Ed Emshwiller. Wyman Woods Guin (pseudonym: Norman Menasco; March 1, 1915 – February 19, 1989) was an American pharmacologist and advertising executive best known for writing science fiction. Born in Wanette, Oklahoma, he started publishing during 1950, and gained attention the next year with his novella "Beyond Bedlam" in Galaxy Science Fiction. He is known best as a short story writer and was associated strongly with Galaxy.
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The word "lipide" , which stems etymologically from the Greek lipos (fat), was introduced in 1923 by the french pharmacologist Gabriel Bertrand. Bertrands included in the concept not only the traditional fats (glycerides), but also the "lipoids", with a complex constitution. Despite the word "lipide" was unanimously approved by the international commission of Société de Chimie Biologique during the plenary session on the 3rd of July 1923. The word "lipide" has been later anglicized as "lipid" because of its pronunciation ('lɪpɪd).
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Plate 8 from The Monograph of the Genus Phasma, showing Extatosoma tiaratum He was born in Little Chelsea, London, to Samuel Frederick Gray, naturalist and pharmacologist, and Elizabeth (née Forfeit), his wife. He was educated at Merchant Taylor's School. Gray started at the British Museum as Assistant Keeper of the Zoology Branch in 1831. He began by cataloguing insects, and published an Entomology of Australia (1833) and contributed the entomogical section to an English edition of Georges Cuvier's Animal Kingdom.
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Paul Pulewka (11 February 1896 - 22 October 1989) was a German pharmacologist from Elbing (Elbląg). Pulewka graduated from the Königsberg Medical Faculty in 1923 and earned doctorates in pharmacology and toxicology from the Pharmacology Institute of the same university in 1927. Pulewka was appointed Docent at the University of Tübingen in 1929. In May 1933, he was promoted to Professor Extraordinarius of Pharmacology and Toxicology at Tübingen where he lectured on the toxicology of poisonous gases and the protection against them.
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Su made systematic descriptions of animals and the environmental regions they could be found, such as different species of freshwater, marine, and shore crabs.West, 606. For example, he noted that the freshwater crab species Eriocher sinensis could be found in the Huai River running through Anhui, in waterways near the capital city, as well as reservoirs and marshes of Hebei. Su's book was preserved and copied into the Bencao Gangmu of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) physician and pharmacologist Li Shizhen (1518–1593).
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Adolphe-Marie Gubler Adolphe-Marie Gubler (5 April 1821 – 20 April 1879) was a French physician and pharmacologist born in Metz. Originally a student of botany, he began his medical studies in 1841 at Paris, where he was a pupil of Armand Trousseau (1801–1867). In 1845 he became an interne des hôpitaux, earning his doctorate in 1849. Afterwards he worked as a physician at the Hôpital Beaujon, and in 1853 earned his agrégation with a thesis on cirrhosis of the liver.
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State of Wonder is a 2011 novel by American author Ann Patchett. It is the story of pharmacologist Marina Singh, who journeys to Brazil to bring back information about seemingly miraculous drug research being conducted there by her former teacher, Dr. Annick Swenson. The book was published by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and by Harper in the United States. It was critically well received, and was nominated for the Wellcome Trust Book Prize and the Orange Prize for Fiction, among other nominations.
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Marion Sewer (1972-2016) was a pharmacologist and professor at the University of California, San Diego's Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences known for her research on steroid hormone biogenesis and her commitment to increasing diversity in science. Much of her research centered around cytochrome P450, a family of enzymes involved in the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones. She died unexpectedly at the age of 43 from a pulmonary embolism on January 28, 2016 while traveling through the Detroit airport.
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Professor Miles Weatherall (1920-2007) was a British pharmacologist. He was Professor of Pharmacology at London Hospital Medical College, University of London (1958 to 1966), and subsequently Professor Emeritus; Head of Therapeutics Research Division and a director of the Wellcome Research Laboratories, from 1967 to 1975. He also served as a Medicines Commissioner from 1979 to 1981, as editor of the British Journal of Pharmacology, and was a contributor to New Scientist. and to The Oxford Illustrated Companion to Medicine.
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Adolph Henke (1775-1843) Adolph Christian Heinrich Henke (13 April 1775 in Braunschweig - 8 August 1843) was a German physician and pharmacologist known for his work in medical forensics. He was father-in-law to anatomist Rudolf Wagner (1805-1864).Statement based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia. Following studies at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig, he continued his education at the University of Helmstedt, where one of his instructors was chemist Lorenz von Crell (1744-1816).
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Alexander ("Lex") Rudolf Cools (1941 in The Hague – 7 September 2013 in Nijmegen) was a Dutch behavioral pharmacologist. He obtained his Ph.D. under the supervision of Jacques van Rossum and Jo Vossen in 1973 at the Radboud University Nijmegen, where he was a professor from 1985 until his retirement in 2006. In 2014, a special issue of the scientific journal Behavioural Pharmacology was dedicated to his memory. Cools was one of the founders of the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society and its second president.
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In 1894, he joined Bayer as a research chemist. On 10 August 1897 Hoffmann synthesized acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) while working at Bayer under Arthur Eichengrün. By combining salicylic acid with acetic acid, he succeeded in creating ASA in a chemically pure and stable form. The pharmacologist responsible for verifying these results was skeptical at first, yet once several large-scale studies to investigate the substance's efficacy and tolerability had been completed, it was found to be an analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory substance.
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After the discovery and commercialization of antibiotics, microbiologist, pharmacologist, and physician Alexander Fleming developed the broth dilution technique using the turbidity of the broth for assessment. This is commonly believed to be the conception point of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Later in the 1980s, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute has consolidated the methods and standards for MIC determination and clinical usage. Following the discovery of new antibacterials, pathogens and their evolution, the protocols by CLSI are also continually updated to reflect that change.
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With only a bachelor's degree, in 1919, Dyer became an instructor in physiology at Mt. Holyoke College. The next year, she became a research assistant at the Pharmacologist Hygienic Lab, a subsidiary of the U.S. Public Health Service. There, she was tasked with investigating the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents and discovered that heavy metals in the compounds reacted with thiols to cause toxicity. She also studied the efficacy of arsenic-based and lead-based compounds in combating cancer, tumors, and syphilis.
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Namandjé N. Bumpus is an American pharmacologist. She is director of the department of pharmacology and molecular sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, where she holds the E.K. Marshall and Thomas H. Maren professorship in pharmacology. Bumpus is known for her research on the metabolism of antiviral drugs used to treat HIV-1 and how genetic variations in drug-processing enzymes may impact these drugs' efficacy. Bumpus received a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2016.
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As a graduate student, Vince’s research on the design of acyclonucleosides, with Howard J. Schaeffer at SUNY Buffalo became an integral part of the discovery of anti-viral drug acyclovir.Howard Schaeffer, S. Bittner, Robert Vince, S. Gurwara "Novel substrate of adenosine deaminase". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1971, 14, 367–369. Later, Prof Schaeffer continued the development of acyclovir at Burroughs Welcome & Company, with pharmacologist Gertrude B. Elion who was awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Medicine, in part, for the development of acyclovir.
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Else Ackermann (6 November 1933 – 14 September 2019) was a German physician and pharmacologist who became an East German politician (Christian Democratic Union of Germany). The report on the power relationships between the citizen and the state which she drafted, and in 1988 presented, known as the "Neuenhagen Letter", was a significant precursor to the changes of 1989 which led to the ending, in the early summer of 1990, of the one-party dictatorship, followed by German reunification later that same year.
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In 1930, gynecologist Raphael Kurzrok and pharmacologist Charles Leib characterized prostaglandin as a component of semen. Between 1929 and 1932, Burr and Burr showed that restricting fat from animal's diets led to a deficiency disease, and first described the essential fatty acids. In 1935, von Euler identified prostaglandin. In 1964, Bergström and Samuelsson linked these observations when they showed that the "classical" eicosanoids were derived from arachidonic acid, which had earlier been considered to be one of the essential fatty acids.
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She was responsible for the selection of music on the Voyager Golden Record for the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 exploratory missions. Druyan also sponsored the Cosmos 1 spacecraft. Gertrude B. Elion was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988 for her work on the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens. Sandra Moore Faber, with Robert Jackson, discovered the Faber–Jackson relation between luminosity and stellar dispersion velocity in elliptical galaxies.
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Trepanning, an early form of neuroanesthesia, appears to have been practised by the Incas in South America. In these procedures coca leaves and datura plants were used to manage pain as the person had dull primitive tools cut open their skull. In 400 BC the physician Hippocrates made accounts of using different wines to sedate patients while trepanning. In 60 AD Dioscorides, a physician, pharmacologist, and botanist, detailed how mandrake, henbane, opium, and alcohol were used to put patients to sleep during trepanning.
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Françoise Roch-Ramel (née Ramel; 20 September 1931 – 26 June 2001) was a Swiss pharmacologist and a leading expert on the renal transport of organic anions and cations, especially uric acid. A native of Château-d'Œx, her major research focus was the renal excretion of drugs and other xenobiotics. She was a Professor at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Lausanne, where she was employed in the early 1960s as an assistant of Professor Georges Peters.
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Powell is the daughter of Belgian pharmacologist Rudi Pauwels and clinical researcher Carine Claeys, who in 1994 were two of the co-founders of the biotech company Tibotec. She was born in Leuven and lived in Mechelen until she was fourteen years old. After a short stay in Switzerland, she moved to England, but she has Belgian citizenship and considers Belgium her home. She attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, graduating in 2011 with a BA degree in acting.
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Albert Jodlbauer (April 27, 1871 in Munich - May 13, 1945 in Thierberg) was a German pharmacologist and toxicologist. From 1891 to 1896 he studied medicine at the University of Munich, where in 1896 he received his doctorate as a pupil of Otto Bollinger. Following graduation he worked as an assistant in the institute of pharmacology at Munich under the directorship of Hermann von Tappeiner. In 1908 he became an associate professor, and in 1914 was named departmental head of the pharmacological institute.
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Apocynin was first described by Oswald Schmiedeberg, a German pharmacologist, in 1883 and was first isolated by Horace Finnemore, in in 1908, from the root of Canadian hemp (Apocynum cannabinum). At the time, this plant was already used for its known effectiveness against edema and heart problems. In 1971, apocynin was also isolated from Picrorhiza kurroa, a small plant that grows at high altitudes in the western Himalayas. P. kurroa was used for ages as a treatment for liver and heart problems, jaundice, and asthma.
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Nigro was born in Pistoia but he moved with his family to Livorno in 1929 when he was 12. He graduated in chemistry and pharmacology at the University of Pisa, in 1940 and 1947 respectively, while also studying music and painting. He worked as a pharmacologist but began to focus more systematically on art in 1948. Having joined the Movimento d’Arte Concreta after an initial post-Cubist period, he moved to Milan in 1949 and held his first solo show at the Libreria Salto.
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Pharmacologist Susan Greenfield has publicly discussed science-based social problems Carl Sagan was an accomplished researcher in the field of planetary science by the time he published his 1977 book The Dragons of Eden, on the evolution of human intelligence, targeted for general, non-scientific audiences. With this book, Sagan earned the Pulitzer Prize and became famous. In 1980, Sagan hosted the television series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, which cemented his status as a scientific celebrity. Time Magazine called Sagan "America's most effective salesman of science".
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Dr. Asuman Baytop (27 March 1920 - 18 February 2015) was a Turkish botanist, plant collector, pharmacologist, and educator known for her research into the medicinal properties of the flora of Turkey. In 1964 she founded the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany at Istanbul University, and established the department's herbarium, to which she contributed over 23,000 specimens. She is also noted for describing several species of crocus, and the species Allium baytopiorum and Colchicum baytopiorum are named in her honor. She was married to fellow botanist Turhan Baytop.
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Shamil Magomedovich Omarov (; born September 28, 1936 in Dagestan, Soviet Union) is a Russian pharmacologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Distinguished Professor of the Dagestan State Medical University (since 2013),Dagestan State Medical University official site (in Russian) Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Dagestan, Chairman of the Society of Pharmacologists of the Dagestan, Member of the Russian Union of Writers. Honored Scientist of the Dagestan (1990). In 2016, in the Dagestankaya Pravda named him “The Leader of Dagestan pharmacology and apitherapy”.
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Ogunbiyi was born in Rochester, New York to Lai, a pharmacologist from Nigeria, and Elaine Ogunbiyi, a biochemist from Jamaica. He is one of three children in his family; his younger brother Ayotunde played soccer at University of New Hampshire and Ocean City Barons in the USL Premier Development League (PDL) while his elder sister Temitayo, is an artist. Ogunbiyi attended Wissahickon High School in Ambler, Pennsylvania. While at high school he played basketball as a forward as well as soccer as a defender.
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In the aftermath of his speech, Hart began to receive online death threats which forced him to leave the Philippines shortly thereafter. Duterte commented on Hart's claims, saying: "That's all bullshit to me". Duterte also called Hart a "son of a bitch who has gone crazy". In an interview with Public Radio International, Hart described Duterte as "a president making such ignorant comments about drugs — like he’s a pharmacologist" and added that President Duterte was "out of his league when he talks about drugs".
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Otto Tunmann (13 August 1867, Posen – 11 September 1919, Innsbruck) was a German pharmacologist and phytochemist. He studied pharmacy at the Universities of Leipzig and Erlangen, obtaining his doctorate in 1900 from the University of Bern. Afterwards, he worked as a pharmacist in Schöneck, Vogtland. From 1905 he was an assistant to Alexander Tschirch at Bern,Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie 10: Thies - Zykan by K. G. Saur Verlag GmbH & Company, Walter De Gruyter Incorporated where he conducted studies in the fields of phytomicrochemistry, microchemical toxicology and forensic chemistry.
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Michael Joseph Rossbach Michael Joseph Rossbach (12 February 1842, Heidingsfeld – 8 October 1894, Munich) was a German clinician and pharmacologist. He studied medicine at the universities of Würzburg, Munich, Berlin and Prague, receiving his doctorate in 1865. In 1869 he qualified as a lecturer in pharmacology at Würzburg, where in 1874 he became an associate professor. In 1882 became a full professor of special pathology and therapy and director of the medical clinic at the University of Jena as a successor to Hermann Nothnagel.
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Sir William Drummond Macdonald Paton FRS (5 May 1917 – 17 October 1993) was a British pharmacologist. Paton was born in Hendon and educated at Repton School and New College, Oxford, where he was awarded a BA in animal physiology. In 1939 he entered University College Hospital (UCH) to study clinical medicine and was appointed house physician to the medical unit. Unfit for military service he took the post of pathologist in a tuberculosis sanatorium, later moving to the National Institute for Medical Research, then in Hampstead, London.
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Karl Binz Karl Binz (1 July 1832 – 11 January 1913) was a German physician and pharmacologist born in Bernkastel. He is known for his investigations on the pharmacological properties and effects of quinine. He studied at the Universities of Würzburg and Bonn, later working at the University of Berlin in the pathological institute of Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902) and at the clinic of Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs (1819–1885). In 1868 he became an associate professor at Bonn, and several years later founded its pharmacological institute (1873).
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Tollak Bakke Sirnes (17 October 1922 - 15 October 2009) was a Norwegian physician, psychiatrist and pharmacologist. Sirnes was born in Haugesund, and had eleven siblings of whom ten were older. He finished his secondary education in Haugesund in 1942. He then enrolled at the University of Oslo. This was during World War II, and Sirnes was arrested by the German occupation force following the 28 November 1943 university fire in Oslo. Of a total of 1,166 students arrested, 644 were sent to Germany for "readjustment".
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He spent some time as a pharmacologist, and was also Assistant Professor of Materia Medica at the University of Edinburgh under Professor Thomas Richard Fraser, also being Resident Physician at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. He lived at the Old Farm, Gilmerton just south of Edinburgh.Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1870 In 1888 he took leave for a year to do further technical studies in pharmacology at the University of Leipzig under Professor Boehm. In 1893 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
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During summer break in 1962, he briefly worked at Burroughs Wellcome & Company in New York, under with Allan Conney. With Conney he published his first two research papers in 1963. He then entered a combined MD-PhD program at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio where he wanted to study under Nobel laureate pharmacologist Earl Sutherland, who was a close friend of his father. It was Sutherland who had introduced the combined MD-PhD course, and invited Gilman to join course.
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David Macht David Israel Macht (February 14, 1882 – October 14, 1961) was a pharmacologist and Doctor of Hebrew Literature, responsible for many contributions to pharmacology during the first half of the 20th century. Born in Moscow in 1882, Macht moved to Baltimore in 1892, age 10. He was awarded a bachelor's and a medical degree by Johns Hopkins University in 1905, and took postgraduate courses in Berlin, Munich and Vienna. He returned to America in 1909 to join the teaching staff at Johns Hopkins.
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These findings were soon to be a foundation for further research into drug development. In the early 1960s, James Black, a Scottish pharmacologist, and associates of his at the Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in Great Britain were working on a series of β-adrenergic blocking compounds, pronethalol and propranolol. Dr. Black focused on developing a drug that would relieve the pain of angina pectoris, which results from oxygen deprivation in the heart. His plan was to create a drug that would decrease the heart's requirement for oxygen.
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Salvador Moncada, Honduran pharmacologist Honduras contains perhaps one of the smallest percentages of whites in Latin America, according some census with only about 1% (about 89,000 people) of the total population being classified in this group. Of these majority are poeple of spanish descent, a white population of palestinians si found in the city of San POedro Sula, and another descended from Caymanian settlers with English, irish, and Scottish, ancestries in The Bay Islands. However most Hondurans consider themselves as mestizos regardless of their ethnic category.
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Louis J. Ignarro (born May 31, 1941) is an American pharmacologist. For demonstrating the signaling properties of nitric oxide, he was co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Robert F. Furchgott and Ferid Murad. Currently, he is professor emeritus of pharmacology at the UCLA School of Medicine's department of molecular and medical pharmacology in Los Angeles, which he joined in 1985. Before relocating to California, he was a professor of pharmacology at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, for 12 years.
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R. P. Stephenson (1925-2004) was a British pharmacologist. Efficacy has historically been treated as a proportionality constant between the binding of the drug and the generation of the biological response. Stephenson defined efficacy as: :S=ep where p is the proportion of agonist-bound receptors (given by the Hill equation) and S is the stimulus to the biological system.The Pharmacology of Functional, Biochemical, and Recombinant Receptor Systems page 120 The response is generated by an unknown function f(S), which is assumed to be hyperbolic.
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Kitab al-nabat was written in Arabic and has most recently been translated into Spanish. Avempace's book Kitāb al-Tajribatayn ‘alā Adwiyah Ibn Wāfid (Book of Experiences on Drugs of Ibn Wafid) is an attempt to classify plants from a pharmacological perspective. It is based the work of Ibn al-Wafid, a physician and Avempace's predecessor, and is said to have influenced the later work of Ibn al-Baitar, a prominent Arab pharmacologist and botanist. Avempace's work in botany is evident in his political works.
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Sir James Whyte Black (14 June 1924 – 22 March 2010) was a Scottish physician and pharmacologist. Black established a Veterinary Physiology department at the University of Glasgow, where he became interested in the effects of adrenaline on the human heart. He went to work for ICI Pharmaceuticals in 1958 and, while there, developed propranolol, a beta blocker used for the treatment of heart disease. Black was also responsible for the development of cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, a drug used to treat stomach ulcers.
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He is also remembered for studying the physiological effects of pharmacological substances such as curare, atropine and veratrum on the body's muscles, heart, nerves and circulatory system. The eponymous "Bezold-Jarisch reflex" is a triad of responses (apnea, bradycardia, and hypotension) resulting from an intravenous injection of veratrum alkaloids. This medical sign is named along with pharmacologist Adolf Jarisch Jr. (1891–1965), who in 1937 re-confirmed Bezold's earlier experiments. Bezold died at the age of 32 due to a mitral stenosis caused by rheumatic endocarditis.
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On 1 April 1905 a group of 13 prominent New York physicians and scientists met at 9 East 74 Street in the residence of physiologist Graham Lusk. Also in attendance was John J. Abel, a pharmacologist from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Their intention was to form a society which would forge a "closer relationship between the purely practical side of medicine and the results of laboratory investigation" by organizing a lecture series which would be open to physicians, scientists, and the general public.Harvey Society.
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Her main area of research for 15 years was the cerebral mechanisms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). One of the main questions in Joel's research is whether there is a "male brain" and a "female brain"; whether human brains can be divided in a binary way, as is generally done with human genitals. According to Joelj's research, the answer is "no". One of the most important studies on which Joel's theory is based was done by pharmacologist Margaret McCarthy from the University of Maryland.
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Ram Behari Arora (1917–1997) was an Indian pharmacologist, medical academic, and the founding head of the department of pharmacology at Sawai ManSingh Medical College, the first medical college in the Indian state of Rajasthan. He was one of the founder fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences. Born on 31 March 1917, Arora was known for his contributions to the field of cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics. He researched traditional Indian medicine and published several medical papers on the subject; his articles have been cited by many authors.
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In 1966, the United Nations publication Bulletin of Narcotics again referenced the Licata case in an article entitled "Marihuana and Crime". The article was written by Dr. James C. Munch, who was a member of the U.S. Bureau of Narcotics's Advisory Committee. In a chart appended to the article: Munch, a pharmacologist who had been employed by Food and Drug Administration, had testified on the pernicious effects of marijuana in the 1937 congressional Marijuana Tax Act hearings. His testimony came directly after Anslinger's appearance.
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Joan Heller Brown is an American pharmacologist. She is Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Department of Pharmacology at UC San Diego School of Medicine. She is known for fundamental contributions to the understanding of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) — molecules that span cell membranes, where they transmit messages between cells and their environments — and how GPCRs regulate cell growth and survival, in healthy and various disease states. Many therapeutic drugs work by influencing GPCRs, thus Heller Brown's discoveries have been crucial to their development.
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The majority of the illustrations were painted in a naturalistic style so as to aid a pharmacologist in the recognition of each plant. However, it is believed that these illustrations were made as copies of an earlier herbal and were not drawn from nature. European Bramble In addition to the illustrations of the text, the manuscript contains several frontispieces in the form of a series of full-page miniatures. Of special note is the dedication miniature portrait of Anicia Juliana on folio 6 verso.
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Sergey Nikolayevich Kravkov was born on 23 November 1894 in Saint Petersburg into the family of a prominent Russian pharmacologist Nikolai Kravkov (1865–1924) and his wife Olga Yevstafyevna, née Bogdanovskaya (1868–1942), daughter of an outstanding Russian surgeon Yevstafi Bogdanovsky. He spent his childhood with his parents in Germany and Austria-Hungary, and after their separation in 1898 lived with his mother in Odessa. In 1909–1914 Kravkov studied at the Sea Cadet Corps in Saint Petersburg. After graduation he was made a midshipmen.
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Murray was a prominent pharmacologist and botanist. His work ' (1776–92) in six volumes, of which the last was published only after his death, is a comprehensive compilation of herbal remedies. Its full title is ', meaning ‘The Formulation of Medicines as Simple as Prepared and Arranged in Practice and Careful Aid’. In addition, he published German translations of numerous writings by Swedish physicians. In 1774 he published the 13th edition of Linnaeus's ' under the title ' (‘System of the Vegetable Kingdom’), with an introduction he wrote himself called ' (‘The Vegetable Kingdom’).
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Pronethalol followed in 1962 and propranolol in 1964, both invented by James Black and his colleagues at Imperial Chemical Industries Pharmaceuticals in England. In 1967, β-adrenoceptors were subdivided into β1 and β2, and a third β type began to be suspected in the late 1970s, above all in adipocytes. After premonitions for example in the work of the Portuguese pharmacologist Serafim Guimarães, α-adrenoceptor subclassification came in 1971 with the discovery of the self-regulation of noradrenaline release through α-adrenoceptors on noradrenergic synaptic terminals, presynaptic α-autoreceptors.
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Richard B. Rothman is a pharmacologist who received his MD and Ph.D. degrees in pharmacology from the University of Virginia in 1982. Currently he is a senior investigator in the clinical pharmacology section of the National Institute of Drug Abuse's Intramural Research Program. In addition he is a board certified psychiatrist and medical director of the BeLite Medical Centers.BeLite Medical CenterIRP Report to NIDA Council His expertise is in studying the opioid system and the monoamine transporters as well as drugs acting on them, such as monoamine releasing agents.
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Albert Hilger Albert Hilger (2 May 1839 in Homburg - 18 May 1905 in Possenhofen) was a German pharmacologist and chemist, known for his work in the field of food chemistry.American Journal of Pharmacy, Volume 77 He worked as a pharmacy assistant in the cities of Mannheim, Karlsruhe and Saarbrucken, and studied mathematics and sciences at the Polytechnic in Karlsruhe.Hilger, Albert at Neue Deutsche Biographie 9 (1972), S. 141-142. In 1860 he continued his education at the University of Würzburg, receiving his PhD two years later in Heidelberg.
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Mamie Kwoh Wang (died March 12, 2002) was a Director and Vice-President of the American Bureau for Medical Advancement in China Inc (ABMAC). She was also a professor at the Cornell School of Nursing and helped developed the training program for nurse practitioners. She was predeceased by her husband Shih-Chun Wang, who was a physiologist and pharmacologist on the faculty of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. Her daughter, Phyllis Wise, was the 9th Chancellor of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and interim president of the University of Washington.
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William Allen, FRS, also a Quaker, and a well known scientist, joined the firm in 1792 and rose quickly to become the dominant personality. His second wife was a member of the Hanbury family – who had produced several learned scientists. On Allen's death, the Hanbury family assumed control of the company. Tin for "Allenburys" blackcurrant pastillesDaniel Hanbury, FRS a pharmacologist, and also a partner, was instrumental in making the name of Allen and Hanburys still more well known due to his correspondence with scientists all over the world.
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Arthur Heffter was a German chemist/pharmacologist/physician who first isolated pure Mescaline from the peyote cactus in the late 1890s. He also proved that mescaline was the alkaloid in the cactus that is responsible for its psychoactive properties. This was the first psychedelic compound to be isolated and identified from its natural source, making Dr. Heffter the first scientist to study a pure psychedelic drug. Heffter's elucidation of the mescaline structure allowed it to be prepared by laboratory synthesis in 1919 by Ernst Späth, thus making it available to the wider scientific community.
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W. Clarke Wescoe was an American medical educator, physician, pharmacologist and academic administrator. He was selected as the dean of the University of Kansas School of Medicine at the age of 32 and served in that capacity from 1952 to 1960. He was the 10th chancellor of the University of Kansas from 1960 to 1969, leading the University during a time of both campus growth with the near doubling in enrollment and unrest during the 1960s. More than $40 million in new construction was completed, including most of the Daisy Hill residence halls.
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Professor John Low Reid (born 1943) is a British clinical pharmacologist. Reid graduated in medicine from the University of Oxford, then completed his training in clinical pharmacology at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, where he was subsequently a senior lecturer and reader. He also undertook a Medical Research Council travelling fellowship to the United States' National Institutes of Health. He became Regius professor of materia medica and therapeutics at the University of Glasgow in 1978, changing to being Regius chair of medicine and head of the department of medicine and therapeutics, in 1989.
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Systematic screening of traditional Chinese medical herbs was carried out by Chinese research teams, consisting of hundreds of scientists in the 1960s and 1970s. Qinghaosu, later named artemisinin, was cold-extracted in a neutral milieu (pH 7.0) from the dried leaves of Artemisia annua. Artemisinin was isolated by pharmacologist Tu Youyou (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2015). Tu headed a team tasked by the Chinese government with finding a treatment for choloroquine-resistant malaria. Their work was known as Project 523, named after the date it was announced – 23 May 1967.
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He was the brother of pharmacologist Paul Trendelenburg. He was an accomplished musician, being adept at playing violin and cello.Neurology of Music edited by F Clifford Rose It is believed that he was the first scientist to conduct studies on the role of bow pressure, contact point and bow speed in the determination of tone color.Violin Pedagogy and the Physics of the Bowed String Alexander Rhodes McLeod During his time spent at the University of Freiburg he conducted studies involving animal psychology that included intelligence testing with monkeys.
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Werner Scheler (12 September 1923 – 9 October 2018) was a German physician and pharmacologist. Between 1959 and 1971 he worked at the University of Greifswald where he served as the Director of the university's Institute of Pharmacology and as a teaching professor in his subject, subsequently also becoming the University Rector following the death of . Later, between 1979 and 1990, Scheler was the penultimate president of the (East) German Academy of Sciences. Like many leading academics in the German Democratic Republic, Werner Scheler also pursued a career in national politics.
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He then tells her that he knows she is not Esther's roommate because her cigarette smoke scent was not on Esther, but immediately after he is shot by a sniper through the window. When Wallace returns to consciousness he is put in a car by Delia's henchman Gordo and is drugged by the pharmacologist Maxine. Inside the trunk of the car is the body of a young girl, to insinuate Wallace being a child killer who drove over a cliff while intoxicated. Wallace is then rescued by his former captain.
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In his final publication, co-written with Mary-Claire King, a UW professor of genome sciences known for discoveries in breast cancer genetics, he summarized his life and career highlights. Much of this memoir was based on an interview done as part of the Conversations in Genetics series. Obituaries were published in the New York Times, American Journal of Human Genetics. American Journal of Medical Genetics, Genetics in Medicine, the Journal of Clinical investigation, the Lancet, the Scientist, the Pharmacologist, the British Journal of Medicine, the National Academy of Sciences, and UW Medicine.
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While preparing reagents for the work, Mueckter's assistant Wilhelm Kunz isolated a by-product that was recognized by pharmacologist Herbert Keller as an analog of glutethimide, a sedative. The medicinal chemistry work turned to improving the lead compound into a suitable drug: the result was thalidomide. The toxicity was examined in several animals, and the drug was introduced in 1956 as a sedative; it was never tested on pregnant women. Researchers at Chemie Grünenthal found that thalidomide was a particularly effective antiemetic that had an inhibitory effect on morning sickness.
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The work of the Italian physician and humanist Ermolao Barbaro was published in 1516, 23 years after his death. Poliziano wrote to Ermalao Barbaro, forwarding a manuscript of the 1st-century pharmacologist Pedanius Dioscorides, asking him to send it back "annotated by that very learned hand of yours, thus lending the volume additional value and authority."‘[A]d me remittes ... pretium volumini aliquod ex te atque auctoritas accedat.’ Poliziano, Letters I.xi: Barbaro was professor of the University of Padua in 1477 and translated many texts from Greek to Latin.
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Paul Trendelenburg (24 March 1884, Bonn – 4 February 1931, Berlin) was a German pharmacologist. He studied medicine at the universities of Grenoble, Leipzig and Freiburg, where from 1909 to 1918, he worked as an assistant in the pharmacological institute and at the surgical clinic. In 1912 he received his habilitation in pharmacology and toxicology, and from 1916 was an associate professor. In 1919 he became a full professor at the University of Rostock and later on, he served as a professor of pharmacology at the universities of Freiburg (from 1923) and Berlin (from 1927).
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The Tréfouëls received several awards for this work, including the Prix Parkin from the Institut de France (1927), the Prix Louis (1932) and the Prix Paultre (1932) from the Académie de Médecine. They are best known for their 1935 co-discovery, together with the pharmacologist Daniel Bovet and the bacteriologist Frederico Nitti, of sulfanilamide, a novel antibiotic. In 1938, Jacques started his own laboratory at the Pasteur Institute. In 1940, Jacques was appointed as director of the institute, at which point Tréfouël took over the management of the laboratory.
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In 1951, Carlsson became an associate professor at Lund University. He spent five months as a research fellow for the pharmacologist Bernard Beryl Brodie at the National Heart Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, United States, and the change in his research focus to psychopharmacology eventually led to his Nobel Prize. In 1959 he became a professor at the University of Gothenburg. In 1957 Kathleen Montagu demonstrated the presence of dopamine in the human brain; later that same year Carlsson also demonstrated that dopamine was a neurotransmitter in the brain and not just a precursor for norepinephrine.
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Wang Aiping (born February 1958 Baiquan County, Heilongjiang Province, China) is a Chinese pharmacologist and toxicologist. For over 20 years, Wang has been researcher in drug and toxicity testing and has experience in new drug development. Since 2001, he has been Director of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research at the Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and was also made General Manager of Technological development at Peking Union Medical College's Jianhao Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd. He has published papers, whilst also being responsible for four successful international patent applications.
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Michael Postel is a French pharmacologist, Buddhist and art collector, known for his contribution of the art collections to Musée Asiatica, a Biarritz- based museum dedicated to Chinese and Indian art. He is the founder president of Franco-Indian Pharmaceuticals, a drug manufacturing company set up in 1949, which has now grown into pharmaceutical conglomerate. Postel, who reached India in 1949 on business related to his pharmaceutical company, started collecting Indian art and, over the years, gathered a collection of over 1600 pieces. Later, he donated his entire collection to Musee Asiatica.
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Alternate poster and title for the film The Fifty First State In 1971, a policeman catches Elmo McElroy, a recent college graduate with a degree, smoking marijuana. Due to his arrest and conviction, he is unable to find work as a pharmacologist. In the present day, a drug lord called "the Lizard" calls a meeting of his colleagues, hoping to sell a new substance invented by Elmo. The meeting goes badly when Elmo, in a bid to escape from the Lizard's control, blows up the building, killing everyone but the Lizard.
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It is suggested that "nor" is an acronym of German "N ohne Radikal" ("nitrogen without radical"). At first, the British pharmacologist John H. Gaddum followed this theory,(non- free access) but in response to a review of A.M. Woolman, Gaddum retracted his support for this etymology. Woolman believed that "N ohne Radikal" was a German mnemonic and likely a backronym, rather than the real meaning of the prefix "nor". This can be argued with the fact "that the prefix nor is used for many compounds which contain no nitrogen at all".
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Suckling had worked on such compounds extensively during World War II, when they were used in the production of high-octane aviation fuel, and in the purification of uranium-235. He proceeded to synthesise a variety of fluorinated hydrocarbons before evaluating them for anaesthetic properties. He liaised closely with clinicians, initially in setting target physicochemical properties for ideal agents and then later in evaluating the developed compounds. Suckling first investigated halothane's anaesthetic action by experimenting on mealworms and houseflies, and then forwarded it to Jaume Raventos, a pharmacologist, for evaluation of anaesthesia in other animals.
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Nikolai Kravkov's "Fundamentals of Pharmacology" front page. First edition, 1904 In Nikolai Kravkov's first years as head of the Pharmacology Chair the students of the Imperial Military Medical Academy, besides his own lectures, used an obsolete textbook by Vladimir Dybkovsky «Lectures on Pharmacology» and also «Brief Manual of Pharmacology» by David Lavrov, a pharmacologist from Odessa. The students were not satisfied with these educational supplies. The creation of a new up-to-date textbook that would be up to the mark relevant to the Professor Kravkov's exam requirements became a pressing task.
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Many texts from the Six dynasties period specifically warned about the toxicity of elixirs. For instance, the Shangqing School Daoist pharmacologist Tao Hongjing's 499 Zhen'gao (真誥, Declarations of the Perfected) describes taking a White Powder elixir. > When you have taken a spatulaful of it, you will feel an intense pain in > your heart, as if you had been stabbed there with a knife. After three days > you will want to drink, and when you have drunk a full hu 斛 [about 50 > liters] your breath will be cut off.
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The 8th-century pharmacologist Chen Cangqi explains using venomous creatures both to produce and cure gu-poison. > In general reptiles and insects, which are used to make ku, are cures for > ku; therefore, if we know what ku is at work, we may remedy its effects. > Against ku of snakes that of centipedes should be used, against ku of > centipedes that of frogs, against ku of frogs that of snakes, and so on. > Those varieties of ku, having the power of subduing each other, may also > have a curative effect .
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Hansjürgen Matthies (6 March 1925 – 22 August 2008) was a German pharmacologist and neuroscientist. He served as a professor and the Institute Director at the Magdeburg Medical Academy, and was also the director of another academic institute outside the university. Colleagues describe him as "the doyen of Neuroscience in Magdeburg" and more widely in the German Democratic Republic. After the political changes of 1989/90 his work continued at the institution now remodelled as the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg and the closely associated Leibnitz Institute for Neurobiology.
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He placed a fly in a cage laced with one particular compound, and short while later, the fly died. The compound he had placed in the cage was dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), or, more precisely, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane, which a Viennese pharmacologist named Othmar Zeidler had first synthesized in 1874. Zeidler, while publishing a paper about his synthesis, had not investigated the properties of the new compound, and had thus failed to recognize its extraordinary value as an insecticide. Müller quickly realized that DDT was the chemical he had been searching for.
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Otto Hermann Krayer (22 October 1899 in Köndringen, Baden – 18 March 1982 in Tucson, Arizona) was a German-American physician, pharmacologist and university professor. He was the only German scientist who refused on moral grounds to succeed a colleague who had been dismissed from his professorial chair by the National-Socialist government for anti-semitic reasons. Krayer voiced his opinion publicly and aggressively. The medical historian Udo Schagen entitled his historical analysis of Krayer: "Widerständiges Verhalten im Meer von Begeisterung, Opportunismus und Antisemitismus" or 'Resistant Behaviour in a Sea of Enthusiasm, Opportunism and Antisemitism'.cf. Schagen 2007, p. 223.
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German pharmacologist Hugo Schulz first described such a phenomenon in 1888 following his own observations that the growth of yeast could be stimulated by small doses of poisons. This was coupled with the work of German physician Rudolph Arndt, who studied animals given low doses of drugs, eventually giving rise to the Arndt-Schulz rule. Arndt's advocacy of homeopathy contributed to the rule's diminished credibility in the 1920s and 1930s. The term "hormesis" was coined and used for the first time in a scientific paper by Chester M. Southam and J. Ehrlich in 1943 in the journal: Phytopathology, volume 33, pp. 517–541.
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Of his own experience, Yang wrote in the Zhen'gao, "I have been taking them regularly every day, from the lot which I obtained earlier. I have not really noticed any special signs, except, at the very beginning, for six or seven days, I felt a sensation of heat in my brain, and my stomach was rather bubbly. Since then there have been no other signs, and I imagine that they must gradually be dealing with the problem" (Strickmann 1979: 172). In addition to editing the official Shangqing canon, the Daoist pharmacologist Tao Hongjing also wrote the (c.
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Wilhelm Filehne Wilhelm Filehne (12 February 1844, in Posen - 29 April 1927, in Bensheim) was a German pharmacologist, who specialized in research of antipyretic drugs.The Search for Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Case Histories from Concept to Clinic edited by Vincent J. Merluzzi, Julian Adams He studied medicine at the universities of Heidelberg and Berlin, where his instructors included Emil du Bois-Reymond and Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs. In 1866 he received his doctorate, and afterwards, he worked as assistant under Rudolf Virchow in Berlin. After participation in the Franco-Prussian War, he returned to Berlin as an assistant to Ludwig Traube.
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Alfred Zack Gilman (February 5, 1908 – January 13, 1984) was an American pharmacologist best known for pioneering early chemotherapy techniques using nitrogen mustard with his colleague, Louis S. Goodman. The pair also published the classic textbook The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics in 1941, and Gilman served as an editor for its first six editions. Gilman served on the faculties of the Yale School of Medicine, the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, where he founded the Department of Pharmacology. He was a member of U.S. National Academy of Sciences.
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Li Shizhen (July 3, 1518 – 1593), courtesy name Dongbi, was a Chinese acupuncturist, herbalist, naturalist, pharmacologist, physician, and writer of the Ming dynasty. His major contribution to clinical medicine was his 27-year work, which is found in his scientific book Compendium of Materia Medica. He is also considered to be the greatest scientific naturalist of China, and developed many innovative methods for the proper classification of herb components and medications to be used for treating diseases. CNTV Documentary on the life and achievements of Li Shizhen, with focus on his work Compendium of Materia Medica.
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Harris Isbell (June 7, 1910 – December 23, 1994) was an American pharmacologist and the director of research for the NIMH Addiction Research Center at the Public Health Service Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky from 1945 to 1963. He did extensive research on the physical and psychological effects of various drugs on humans (imprisoned narcotics offenders, see below). Early work investigated aspects of physical dependence (an important aspect of drug addiction) with opiates and barbiturates, while later work (at least partially funded by the Central Intelligence Agency as part of the MKUltra project)Marks JD. 1991. The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate".
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Jagdish Narain Sinha (born 1939) is an Indian pharmacologist and a former professor at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics of the Uttar Pradesh Dental College and Research Centre, Lucknow. He is also a former member of the faculty of King George's Medical University and has been a member of the Independent Ethics Committee of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization. Born on 15 January 1939, Sinha is known for his researches on the delineation of the neurochemical modulation of medullary baroreflex. His researches have been documented by way of a number of articles and his work has been cited by many researchers.
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Phil Skolnick (born 26 February 1947) is an American neuroscientist and pharmacologist most widely known for his work on the psychopharmacology of depression and anxiety, as well as on addiction medicine. Author of more than 500 published papers, Skolnick's most notable accomplishments include elucidating the role of the NMDA system in depression therapeutics, demonstrating the existence of endogenous benzodiazepine receptor ligands, and spearheading the National Institute on Drug Abuse's partnership to develop a naloxone atomizer for reversal of acute opioid overdose. Skolnick's work also laid the foundation for the development of ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant.
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David Juurlink (born New Glasgow, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian pharmacologist and internal medicine doctor. He is head of the Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology division at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Ontario, as well as a medical toxicologist at the Ontario Poison Centre and a scientist at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. He is known for researching adverse effects caused by drug interactions, with some of this research funded by a New Investigator Award from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. He has been very critical of his fellow physicians' regular prescribing of dangerous opioids like Tramadol and fentanyl.
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Dr Jeffrey Kenneth Aronson (born 1947) is a British clinical pharmacologist. Aronson studied at the University of Glasgow from 1964 to 1973, and at the Medical Research Council's unit of clinical pharmacology at Oxford. He was a reader in clinical pharmacology at the University of Oxford, and was an honorary consultant physician for the Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals Trust. He served as president of the British Pharmacological Society in the 2008 to 2009 period; as vice-chairman of the Medicines Commission from 2002 to 2005; and as editor-in-chief of the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology from 2003 to 2007.
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Daniel Bovet (23 March 1907 – 8 April 1992) was a Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist who won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of drugs that block the actions of specific neurotransmitters. He is best known for his discovery in 1937 of antihistamines, which block the neurotransmitter histamine and are used in allergy medication. His other research included work on chemotherapy, sulfa drugs, the sympathetic nervous system, the pharmacology of curare, and other neuropharmacological interests. In 1965, Bovet led a study team which concluded that smoking of tobacco cigarettes increased users' intelligence.
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Adolf Gottstein Adolf Gottstein (2 November 1857 in Breslau – 3 March 1941) was a German social hygienist and epidemiologist. He studied in medicine at the universities of Breslau, Strasbourg and Leipzig, obtaining his doctorate with a dissertation on marasmic thrombosis. In 1886, he relocated to Berlin, where he worked at a private medical practice until 1911, spending his free time performing research in the laboratories of pathologist Carl Friedländer (1847–1887), pharmacologist Oskar Liebreich (1839–1908) and bacteriologist Robert Koch (1843–1910). Gottstein was deeply interested in epidemiological and statistical studies, as well as social hygiene issues from a medical standpoint.
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He was a colleague to Charles Richet (1850–1935), and with Richet, published the Journal de physiologie et de pathologie générale. With Belgian pharmacologist Jean- François Heymans, he founded the journal Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie (1895).Encyclopedia of Biology by Don Rittner, Timothy Lee McCabe In 1891 Gley was the first to discover the importance of the parathyroid glands, which are four (or more) small endocrine glands lying close or embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. These glands had been recently discovered as an anatomical entity in 1880, however their importance was not understood at the time.
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Göran Liljestrand (16 April 1886 - 16 January 1968), Swedish pharmacologist, known for the discovery of the Euler-Liljestrand mechanism. Liljestrand was born in Gothenburg but finished school at the Norra Real school in Stockholm, before matriculating at the University College of Stockholm in 1904. He continued his studies at the Karolinska Institute, completed his medicine kandidat degree in 1909, the medicine licentiat degree in 1915, and his doctorate in 1917, becoming docent of physiology at the Institute the same year. He held the professorship in pharmacology and physiology at the Karolinska Institute from 1927 to 1951.
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Some adverse effects in the exposed population when compared to its appropriate control might include alteration of morphology, functional capacity, growth, development or life span. The NOAEL is determined or proposed by qualified personnel, often a pharmacologist or a toxicologist. The NOAEL could be defined as "the highest experimental point that is without adverse effect," meaning that under laboratory conditions, it is the level where there are no side-effects. It either does not provide the effects of drug with respect to duration and dose, or it does not address the interpretation of risk based on toxicologically relevant effects.
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The first century AD Greek physician, pharmacologist, botanist, and Roman army surgeon Pedanius Dioscorides authored an encyclopedia of medicinal substances commonly known as De Materia Medica. This work did not delve into medical theory or explanation of pathogenesis, but described the uses and actions of some 600 substances, based on empirical observation. Unlike other works of Classical antiquity, Dioscorides' manuscript was never out of publication; it formed the basis for the Western pharmacopeia through the 19th century, a true testament to the efficacy of the medicines described; moreover, the influence of work on European herbal medicine eclipsed that of the Hippocratic Corpes.
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Anton Gordonoff (3 February 1893 in Russia - 1960s) was a Swiss pharmacologist and toxicologist of Russian origin. Gordonoff studied pharmacology at the Universities of Bern and Nancy and finished his studies in 1921. In 1926 he received his habilitation from the University of Bern. Later the same university appointed him a professor of pharmacology and toxicology; he headed the Department of Pharmacology at the School of Medicine and was also a member of the Swiss Commission on Medicine and DrugsVoices from the Past, Part 4 , Citizens for Safe Water (Pinellas County), 1 April 2007, retrieved 16 April 2010.
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Most temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are self-limiting and do not get worse. Simple treatment, involving self-care practices, rehabilitation aimed at eliminating muscle spasms, and restoring correct coordination, is all that is required. Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) should be used on a short-term, regular basis and not on an as needed basis. On the other hand, treatment of chronic TMD can be difficult and the condition is best managed by a team approach; the team consists of a primary care physician, a dentist, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, a pharmacologist, and in small number of cases, a surgeon.
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Edith Bülbring, FRS (27 December 1903 – 5 July 1990) was a British scientist in the field of smooth muscle physiology, one of the first women accepted to the Royal Society as a fellow (FRS). She was Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Oxford (1967–71), later Emeritus Professor (1971–1990) and member of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Born in Bonn, Germany, Bülbring was the daughter of Hortense Leonore and Karl Bülbring, a Professor of English. She was educated in medicine at the universities of Bonn, Munich and Freiburg, and became research assistant to the pharmacologist Ulrich Friedemann.
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In 1919, Stradiņš, working with N. N. Yelanski, I. R. Petrov, and other colleagues, produced the first standard serum for blood transfusion in Soviet Russia. Three years later, he ran an experiment on himself: A periarterial sympathectomy (pioneered by Mathieu Jaboulay) was performed on his left shoulder by V. N. Shamov, and Stradiņš personally evaluated the results. He also carried out physiological and pharmacological experiments in the laboratories of the physiologist Ivan Pavlov and pharmacologist Nikolai Kravkov. Fedorov regarded Stradiņš as one of his "best and most gifted pupils, and his works on the spontaneous gangrene and operations on nerves as indubitably excellent".
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Bruce Durie was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, and educated at Kirkcaldy High School and the University of Edinburgh. Originally a biochemist/pharmacologist, teaching and researching in those disciplines at Edinburgh, Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster), Kingston University and elsewhere, he was awarded the IBRO/UNESCO Fellowship in 1977 as "Scotland's most promising young neuroscientist". He later worked as Head of External Affairs at Kingston University, Director of the Edinburgh International Science Festival and Director of Development (CPD) at Napier University, Edinburgh. The majority of his private research work concerns Coats of Arms and issue around inheritance and Chiefship.
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Jānis Polis (25 June 1938 – 12 April 2011) was a Soviet and Latvian pharmacologist and the developer of one of the first methods of synthesis of rimantadine, which was discovered in 1963 by William W. Prichard of Du Pont & Co. \- US patent 3352912 to W. W. Prichard \- United States Patent № 4551552: Process for preparing rimantadine: Rimantadine and related compounds useful as antivirals were first described by Prichard in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,352,912 and 3,592,934. Both patents describe the preparation of rimantadine from the corresponding ketone oxime by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride. He was born in Eleja parish, Latvia.
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After studying Latin with an uncle who was a priest, at the age of 14 Ruiz López went to Madrid to study logic, physics, chemistry and pharmacology. He also studied botany at the Migas Calientes Botanical Gardens (now the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid), under the supervision of Casimiro Gómez Ortega (1741–1818) and Antonio Palau Verdera (1734–1793). Ruiz had not yet completed his pharmacology studies when he was named the head botanist of the expedition. The French physician Joseph Dombey was named as his assistant, and the pharmacologist José Antonio Pavón y Jimenez was also appointed.
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Benjamin Wolozin is an American pharmacologist and neurologist currently at Boston University School of Medicine and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Benjamin Wolozin, M.D., Ph.D. received his B.A. from Wesleyan University (Middletown, CT) and his M.D., Ph.D. from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He is currently a professor of Pharmacology, Neurology and the Program in Neuroscience at Boston University School of Medicine. He is also co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Aquinnah Pharmaceuticals Inc., a biotechnology company developing novel therapeutics to treat Alzheimer’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
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Meyer, the son of the pharmacologist Hans Horst Meyer, was a student from 1892 until 1901 in the “Gymnasium Philippinum” in Marburg, Germany. This was followed at first by studies in medicine, later in chemistry in Marburg (where Theodor Zincke was the professor), and in Leipzig, Freiburg, London, and Munich. In Leipzig, Meyer obtained his PhD in 1907 with the dissertation “Untersuchungen über Halochromie” (Research on Halochromie) under the direction of Arthur Hantzsch. Afterwards, following the advice of his father, he travelled to England to complement his education and worked for several months in the laboratory of Ernest Rutherford.
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Oswald Schmiedeberg (10 October 1838 – 12 July 1921) was a Baltic German pharmacologist. In 1866 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Dorpat with a thesis concerning the measurement of chloroform in blood, before becoming the first professor of pharmacology at the University of Strasbourg, where he remained for 46 years. In 1911, he testified in the United States v. Forty Barrels & Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola trial, and later, was a major factor in the success of the German pharmaceutical industry prior to the Second World War, having trained most of the European professors at the time.
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Thibaut - Zycha, Volume 10 edited by Walther KillyTrendelenburg, Paul Catalogus Professorum Rostochiensium He is known for his research of adrenaline, for the development of biological measurement procedures for the standardization of hormone preparations and for his investigations regarding the role of the hypothalamic hormones vasopressin and oxytocin. His name is associated with the so-called "Trendelenburg preparation", a preparation used in determining the actions of pharmacological agents on peristalsis.Gastrointestinal Endocrinology edited by George Greeley He was the son of surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg and the brother of physiologist Wilhelm Trendelenburg. His son, Ullrich Georg Trendelenburg, was also a pharmacologist.
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Skinner was born on February 14, 1925, in Oakland, California. His father, John James Skinner was a pharmacologist and his mother, Eunice Engle Skinner, taught music and became the director of music education for the Berkeley school system. Skinner spent two years at Deep Springs College, a small college founded to educate small cohorts of young men into the life of the mind in a self-sufficient, disciplined manner. After Deep Springs, he joined the Navy V-12 Program in 1943, then attended the U.S. Navy Oriental Language School for 18 months at the University of Colorado, Boulder, where he studied Chinese.
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Blood stasis (also blood stagnation) is an important underlying pathology of many disease processes according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Described in TCM theory as a slowing or pooling of the blood due to a disruption of heart qi, it is often understood in terms of hematological disorders such as hemorrhage, congestion, thrombosis or local ischemia (microclots), and in terms of tissue changes.Dan Bensky and Andrew Gamble, Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica, Rev Ed, p. 265-266 Pharmacologist Li Lianda received a National Science and Technology Progress Award for his work on the scientific basis of blood stasis.
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The Feldberg Foundation promotes scientific exchange between German and British scientists in the field of experimental medical research. The foundation is registered in Hamburg, Germany with the secretariat based in the UK. The pharmacologist Wilhelm Feldberg, who as a Jew had been forced to emigrate from Germany in 1933, used the pension he was given as Emeritus Professor in Germany and the restitution money that he received from the German Government to establish the Feldberg Foundation in 1961. Each year a German and a British scientist are chosen, and each recipient gives a prize lecture in the other one's country.
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Warren Kurt Bickel is an American behavioral pharmacologist and the Virginia Tech Carilion Behavioral Health Research Professor at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute in Virginia Tech's Carilion School of Medicine. He is also a professor of psychology at Virginia Tech and a professor of psychiatry and behavioral medicine in their Carilion School of Medicine, the director of Virginia Tech's Addiction Recovery Research Center, and the co-director of their Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors. He formerly served as editor-in-chief of Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology and as president of Division 28 (Psychopharmacology and Substance Abuse) of the American Psychological Association.
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Irena Maria Nalepa (born 24 November 1951) is a Polish neuroscientist, pharmacologist and biochemist, professor of medical sciences and professor at the Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. She graduated from the Jagiellonian University and received her PhD in 1980. Since 2004 she has the title of full professor. Currently she is a professor, Head of Department of Brain Biochemistry and vice-chairman of the Institute of Pharmacology of Polish Academy of Sciences, a chairwoman of Scientific Council of popular-science magazine Wszechświat and member of Neuroscience Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences.
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Opioid drugs are known to cause opioid-induced constipation (OIC) by inhibiting gastric emptying and decreasing peristaltic waves leading to delayed absorption of medications and more water absorption from the feces. That can result in hard and dry stool and constipation for some patients. OIC is one of the most common adverse effects caused by opioids, so the discovery of PAMORAs can prevent the effects that often compromise pain management. Methylnaltrexone bromide was the first medication in the drug class approved by the FDA. It was discovered in 1979 by Leon Goldberg, a pharmacologist at the University of Chicago.
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In 1978, two NCI researchers published a report showing taxol was mildly effective in leukaemic mice. In November 1978, taxol was shown to be effective in xenograft studies. Meanwhile, taxol began to be well known in the cell biology, as well as the cancer community, with a publication in early 1979 by Susan B. Horwitz, a molecular pharmacologist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, showing taxol had a previously unknown mechanism of action involving the stabilization of microtubules. Together with formulation problems, this increased interest from researchers meant that, by 1980, the NCI envisaged needing to collect of bark.
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Nirmal Kumar Dutta (1913–1982) was an Indian pharmacologist, medical academic and the director of Haffkine Institute, Mumbai. He was known for his contributions to the studies on cholera and was an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India and the Indian National Science Academy. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1965.
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In 1957, Jurg Schneider, a pharmacologist at CIBA (now a division of Novartis), found that ibogaine potentiated morphine analgesia. No additional data was ever published by CIBA researchers on ibogaine–opioid interactions. Almost 50 years later, Patrick Kroupa and Hattie Wells released the first treatment protocol for concomitant administration of ibogaine with opioids in human subjects, indicating that ibogaine reduced tolerance to opioid drugs. Their paper in the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies journal demonstrated that administration of low "maintenance" doses of ibogaine HCl with opioids decreases tolerance, but noted that ibogaine's potentiating action could make this a risky procedure.
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Erich Harnack Friedrich Moritz Erich Harnack (, Dorpat (now ) - 24 April 1915 Halle an der Saale) was a Baltic German pharmacologist and toxicologist. From 1869 he studied medicine at the University of Dorpat, receiving his doctorate in 1873 with the dissertation Zur Pathogenese und Therapie des Diabetes mellitus ("Pathogenesis and therapy regarding diabetes mellitus"). From 1873 he worked as an assistant at the pharmacological institute of the University of Straßburg, and in 1877 obtained his habilitation. In 1880 he became an associate professor of pharmacology and physiological chemistry at the University of Halle, where in 1889 he attained a full professorship.
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James Alexander Angus AO FAA (15 February 1949, Sydney - ) is an Australian pharmacologist. He held the Chair in Pharmacology at The University of Melbourne from 1993 to 2003, and in 2003 was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences at the University of Melbourne. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (FAA) in 1996, awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001, and appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2010. Angus was made an Honorary Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences in 2015.
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Alexander Nicolaus Scherer (1771-1824) Alexander Nicolaus Scherer (, 30 December 1771, St. Petersburg - 16 October 1824, St. Petersburg) was a Russian-German chemist and pharmacologist. In 1794 he graduated from the University of Jena, later serving as a lecturer at the gymnasium in Weimar. In 1800 he was appointed a professor of physics at the University of Halle, shortly afterwards working as a manager at a stoneware factory in Potsdam. In 1803 he relocated to the University of Dorpat as a professor of chemistry, and during the following year returned to St. Petersburg as a professor of chemistry and pharmacy at the medico-surgical academy.
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Monod is descended from one of the oldest families of the French (but of Swiss origin) Protestant bourgeoisie with a history since the Napoleonic Era of wide-ranging influences in French government, theology, the sciences and medicine with two Nobel laureates, banking and the arts. His great-great-grandfather Adolphe Monod was a noted pastor and theologian. His father Pierre Monod was a noted surgeon. His cousins include the naturalist Théodore Monod; the industrialist-politician Jérôme Monod; Jacques Lucien Monod, the Nobel Prize-winning biologist; the pharmacologist Daniel Bovet, who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine; and the French New Wave film director Jean- Luc Godard.
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Combined drug intoxication (CDI), or multiple drug intake (MDI), is a cause of death by drug overdose from poly drug use, often implicated in polysubstance dependence. The CDI/MDI phenomenon seems to be becoming more common in recent years. In December 2007, according to Dr. John Mendelson, a pharmacologist at the California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, deaths by combined drug intoxication were relatively "rare" ("one in several million"), though they appeared then to be "on the rise". In July 2008, the Associated Press and CNN reported on a medical study showing that over two decades, from 1983 to 2004, such deaths have soared.
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In treating depression, it was theorized that substances that could enhance norepinephrine transmission, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), could diminish the symptoms of clinical depression. The origins of nisoxetine can be found within the discovery of fluoxetine (Prozac, by Eli Lilly). In the 1970s, Bryan B. Molloy (a medicinal chemist) and Robert Rathbun (a pharmacologist) began a collaboration to search for potential antidepressant agents that would still retain the therapeutic activity of TCAs without undesirable cardiotoxicity and anticholinergic properties. The antihistamine drug diphenhydramine was found to inhibit monoamine uptake in addition to antagonizing histamine receptors, and this inhibition of monoamine uptake became a potential application for treating depression.
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She worked with many other eminent scientists at Babraham, a number of whom had also come from or studied at the University of Edinburgh. These included the director Sir John Gaddum, pharmacologist and neurochemist, Marthe Vogt, who had previously lectured in pharmacology and neuro-physiologist Krešimir Krnjević, who had also gained a PhD at the University. After many years in the lab, Silver eventually moved into the role of Information Officer, when a rise in anti-vivisection activity prompted a need for better public relations and awareness. Previous experience of working with the Physiological Society on what would or would not be licensed, made her a suitable candidate for this role.
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He flees from the Earth with Tamara who is in an incapacitated state. On board the orbital shuttle, he attempts to get employment with a Japanese company, Motoki Corporation, as a Pharmacologist, but his application is rejected. Instead he is offered to fight as a mercenary for Motoki, who are attempting to gain control of the planet Baker, a satellite of the Delta Pavonis system. The story describes Osic's reaction to the intense battle training that takes place on board the starship Chaeron and his interaction with the mostly South American refugiados, and chimeras, genetically upgraded humans, who are also escaping their uncertain future on Earth.
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Alfred Goodman Gilman (July 1, 1941 – December 23, 2015) was an American pharmacologist and biochemist. He and Martin Rodbell shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells." Gilman was the son of Alfred Gilman, who co-authored Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics with Louis S. Goodman, from whom his middle name came. He earned a BA in biology with major in biochemistry from Yale University. Immediately after graduation in 1962, he worked with Allan Conney at Burroughs Wellcome & Company, which resulted in the publication of his first two technical papers.
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In his classic early 20th century work on psychotropic drugs Phantastica, German pharmacologist Louis Lewin recounts the curious and tragic case - seemingly unique in the literature - of an individual who became addicted (in a manner far more often associated with opiates) to a Gelsemium preparation: > during a severe attack of rheumatism a man took a large quantity of an > alcoholic tincture of Gelsemium sempervirens a plant which is liable to act > on the brain and the medulla oblongata. Noticing an appreciable result he > continued to take it, and finally became a slave to the drug. He gradually > augmented the quantity, and reached 30 gr. of the tincture in one dose.
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Liisa Marjatta Ahtee was born on 2 October 1937 in Turku to Aaro Veli Vilho and Lyyli Iida Kyllikki Ahtee. She is an internationally esteemed Finnish pharmacologist and professor emeritus, who served as pharmacology and biological medicine standardization chair at the University of Helsinki from 1975 to 2002. Ahtee graduated as a medical doctor in 1962 and defended her Ph.D. in Pharmacology at the University of Helsinki in 1967. From 1967 to 1969 she conducted scientific research at the American Red Cross Institute of Animal Physiology of Cambridge and from 1970–1971 at the Royal College of Surgeons in London before returning to Finland.
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Also known as "Cantacuzino School" or "Cantacuzinisti", early members of the school included Alexandru Slatineanu (Cantacuzino's deputy), Stefan Irimescu (regarded as the founder of Romanian pneumo-phthisiology and a member of the Romanian Academy) and Mihai Ciuca (a leading bacteriologist of his time and member of the Romanian Academy and of the Royal Society). They were followed by other distinguished personalities such as Constantin Ionescu- Mihaesti (a leading bacteriologist and immunologist, a member of the Romanian Academy), Alexandru Ciuca (a veterinary physician, member of the Romanian Academy), Daniel Danielopolu (a leading physiologist, clinician and pharmacologist, member of the Romanian Academy), Dumitru Combiescu, Gheorghe Zotta, Ion Balteanu, Ion Nicolau and Nicolae Lupu.
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Subsequently, he worked with Martin Freund at Goethe University of Frankfurt and with Franz Hofmeister in Strasbourg. From 1897 to 1898, he served as an assistant to Carl von Noorden, clinician at the City Hospital in Frankfurt. Soon, however, after seeing the high mortality in countless cases of far-advanced tuberculosis and pneumonia, left without any treatment because of lack of therapy, he decided to drop his intention to become a clinician and instead to carry out research in basic medical science, in particular pharmacology. In 1898, he became an assistant of Professor Hans Horst Meyer, the renowned pharmacologist at the University of Marburg.
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Frederick Ringer was born 1838 in Norwich but spent most of his life in Japan.Harold S. Williams (1968), The Story of Holme Ringer & Co., Ltd. in Western Japan, 1868-1968 (Published Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co.)Brian Burke-Gaffney (2009), Nagasaki: The British Experience, 1854-1945 (Published by Global Oriental UK) Frederick, like his elder brother John, left Norwich for the East Asia whilst still young. The middle brother of the three, Sydney RingerMiller, DJ (2007) "A Solution for the Heart; the life of Sydney Ringer" A Solution for the Heart (free pdf) MD, FRS (1836–1910) became an eminent physician, physiologist and pharmacologist at University College, London.
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Vladimir Petrovich Torchilin (, born 1946) is a Soviet, Russian and American biochemist, pharmacologist , and an expert in medical nanotechnology.Resume at the NEU website Since 1991 lives in the USA. Since 1993-1999 he was with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School as the Head of Chemistry Program, Center for Imaging and Pharmaceutical Research, and Associate Professor of Radiology. Since 1998 he is with Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, in 1998-2008 as Chair of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and as of 2005, Distinguished Professor and as of 2013, University Distinguished Professor and Director of Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine of Northeastern University.
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Dongpo cuisine (Dong-po-cai, 东坡菜) was originally created by Su Shi, the famous Chinese writer, poet, painter, calligrapher, pharmacologist, gastronomist, and a statesman of the Song dynasty, mostly during his years of exile. Named after Su Shi's art name, the most famous dish of Dongpo cuisine is perhaps Dongpo pork. The most frequently used cooking methods includes simmer, stew, and roast, with the original flavor of the material retained. Because Dongpo cuisine was created in his exile era, the food consisted of common materials, as opposed to the expensive and rare materials that are more commonly used in other styles of Chinese aristocrat cuisine.
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In 2005 the BBC used a report published by the journal as the basis of a story claiming that homeopathy was effective for some patients. The article contradicted the findings of a study that had recently appeared in The Lancet, reporting that homeopathy was ineffective. The methodology of the article in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine was criticized by pharmacologist David Colquhoun on his blog, saying that its questionnaire-based approach was "not really research at all" and that the published conclusion drawn from it was "quite ludicrous". In his view, "papers like this do not add to human knowledge, they detract from it".
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The pharmacologist David Nutt has suggested pagoclone as a possible base from which to make a better social drug, as it produces the positive effects of alcohol, such as relaxation and sociability, but without also causing the negative effects like aggression, amnesia, nausea, loss of coordination and liver damage. Its effect can be quickly reversed by the action of flumazenil, which is already used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. Nutt has published studies praising the potential of pagoclone which were financed by Indevus which was seeking funding for a possible production of the compound. The long-term safety of pagoclone has not been assessed.
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Until the early 20th century, scientists assumed that the majority of synaptic communication in the brain was electrical. However, through histological examinations by Ramón y Cajal, a 20 to 40 nm gap between neurons, known today as the synaptic cleft, was discovered. The presence of such a gap suggested communication via chemical messengers traversing the synaptic cleft, and in 1921 German pharmacologist Otto Loewi confirmed that neurons can communicate by releasing chemicals. Through a series of experiments involving the vagus nerves of frogs, Loewi was able to manually slow the heart rate of frogs by controlling the amount of saline solution present around the vagus nerve.
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The role and importance of lead poisoning in contributing to the fall of the Roman Empire is the subject of controversy, and its importance and validity is discounted by many historians. John Scarborough, a pharmacologist and classicist, criticized Nriagu's book as "so full of false evidence, miscitations, typographical errors, and a blatant flippancy regarding primary sources that the reader cannot trust the basic arguments."Scarborough, John (1984). The Myth of Lead Poisoning Among the Romans: An Essay Review He concluded that ancient authorities were well aware of lead poisoning and that it was not endemic in the Roman empire nor did it cause its fall.
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Sir Patrick John Thompson Vallance (born 17 March 1960) is a British physician, scientist, and clinical pharmacologist who has worked in both academia and industry and, since March 2018, has been the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Government of the United Kingdom. From 1986 to 1995 he taught at St George's Hospital Medical School, where his research concentrated on vascular biology and endothelial cell physiology. In 1995 he was appointed professor at UCL Medical School, and in 2002 he became head of its department of medicine. From 2012 to 2018 Vallance served as president of research and development (R&D;) at the multinational pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).
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In 1978, a dying friend and colleague presented the late University of Chicago pharmacologist Leon Goldberg with a clinical challenge. Struggling with the pain of prostatic cancer that had metastasized to his bones, the man was now declining the morphine he required for analgesia because of constipation. Research on opioids which would target only the sub- types of receptors associated with pain relief and not with side effects had seen little success outside of in-vitro models. Considering drugs such as loperamide, which acted on the opioid receptors in the gut without acting on the central nervous system, Goldberg proposed a targeted opioid receptor antagonist.
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In 1930, he took up the post of an assistant secretary to the Drug Enquiry Commission and assisted the commission in preparing a report advocating for drug standardization and pharmacy control. From 1931 to 1933, he worked at the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine on research on indigenous drugs when he received a Fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation for research on vegetable drugs in China, America and Japan. He moved to Peking Union Medical College where he worked under renowned pharmacologist, H. B. Van Dyke. In 1936, he secured DSc from University of Michigan, the first doctoral degree awarded by the university in pharmacology.
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Whilst at school she joined the St John Ambulance brigade and spent her weekends administering first aid. She decided that she wanted to be a doctor at the age of two. Her parents were both doctors and her mother had been the first in her family to attend university. Whilst at school she joined the St John Ambulance brigade and spent her weekends administering first aid. Her grandfather was Joshua Harold Burn, a pharmacologist at the University of Oxford. She studied medicine at Southampton Medical School and joined the university theatre group. She became interest in punk rock, partied every night and failed her first year of medicine.
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Uttamchand Khimchand Sheth (1920–2000) was an Indian clinical pharmacologist and the director of King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College. Born on 29 October 1920 in Mumbai in the Indian state of Maharastra, he was known for his pharmacological studies and contributions in promoting medical education in pharmacology. He was the author of a book on pharmacology, Selected Topics in Experimental Pharmacology. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1967.
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The Chinese had used India ink derived from pine soot prior to the 11th century AD, when the polymath official Shen Kuo (1031-1095) of the mid Song Dynasty became troubled by deforestation (due to the demands of charcoal for the iron industry) and sought to make ink from a source other than pine soot. He believed that petroleum (which the Chinese called 'rock oil') was produced inexhaustibly within the earth and so decided to make an ink from the soot of burning petroleum, which the later pharmacologist Li Shizhen (1518-1593) wrote was as lustrous as lacquer and was superior to pine soot ink.
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Om Datt Gulati (1927–2012) was an Indian pharmacologist and the Dean of the Department of pharmacology at Baroda Medical College. Known for his researches in autonomic pharmacology, he was also a professor at Pramukhswami Medical College, Anand and an honorary fellow of the Indian Pharmaceutical Society. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1971. He received B. C. Roy Award, the highest Indian medical award, in 1981.
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After completing his industrial postdoctoral position at the Amgen Research Institute in 1998, Siderovski joined the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as a tenure-track assistant professor of pharmacology. His earliest publications, starting with a brief original report in Current Biology, chronicle his independent discovery of the RGS protein superfamily, and determinations of their varied protein structures and cellular functions. One of these early reports was co-authored by two Nobel laureates: Alfred G. Gilman and Robert Lefkowitz. In 2004, Siderovski was named the top American Pharmacologist under 40 and awarded the John J. Abel Award by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
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Hedwig Langecker (29 January 1894 – 31 January 1989) was a Bohemian, Czech, and German pharmacologist known for her discovery of the pharmacological properties of Polygonatum officinale and Polygonatum multiflorum. She was also known for her studies of steroid hormone biochemistry and her prolific output, which included over 200 scientific articles and several textbooks. Her career began at the German University in Prague, where she earned her M.D. in 1920 and a Ph.D. in 1923, and was habilitated in 1926; Langecker then became a professor and served in that role until 1945. That year, she moved to the Free University of Berlin, where she was a professor until 1959 and an emerita professor until her death in 1989.
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Louis Goodman, who coined the phrase "me-too" The term "me‐too drugs" was coined in the 1950s. In 1956, Louis S. Goodman, co‐editor of Goodman and Gilman, referred to “the problem of the introduction of ‘me too’ drugs, that is, drugs without signal advantage of any sort”. Once a new drug class was discovered, other major drug companies made efforts to produce their own similar versions. Pharmacologist Milton Silverman and physician Philip R. Lee noted "the great drug therapy era was marked not only by the introduction of new drugs in great profusion and by the launching of large promotional campaigns but also by the introduction of what are known as 'duplicative' or 'me-too' products".
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The Daoist scholar, pharmacologist, and alchemist Tao Hongjing (456-536) was the redactor-editor of the basic Shangqing revelations and a founder of the Shangqing School (Pregadio 2008: 1002). Most of what is known about Yang Xi derives from Tao's scholarly and detailed writings. In 483, Tao became fascinated with the Shangqing revelations given to Yang Xi more than a century earlier. Tao's Daoist master Sun Youyue (孫遊岳, 399–489)—who had been a disciple of Lu Xiujing (陸修靜, 406–477), the standardizer of the Lingbao School rituals and scriptures—showed him some fragments of Yang Xi's and Xu Hui's original textual manuscripts (Russell 2005, Strickmann 1977: 39).
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In this series she played the first wife of Su Dongpo (writer, poet, artist, calligrapher, pharmacologist, and statesman of the Song Dynasty, one of the major poets of the time), played by Lu Yi. After filming the digital film Evening of Roses, Lin took on more challenging roles. In late 2007, she co-starred as Daji with Ray Lui in The Legend and the Hero 2 (also known as Fengshen Bang), one of the major vernacular Chinese novels written during the Ming Dynasty. After speculation over who would receive the leading role of Daji (who was known for her beauty and cruelty which ruined a dynasty), the role was offered to Lin.
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Ting-Chao Chou (born 1938 in Taiwan, Chinese name: 周廷潮) is a Chinese American theoretical biologist, pharmacologist, cancer researcher and inventor. His 457 scientific articles have been cited in 26,292 papers in over 754 biomedical journals as of May 5, 2017.[1] He derived the median-effect equation (MEE) from the physico-chemical principle of the mass-action law, and introduced the median-effect plot in 1976.[2,3] With Paul Talalay of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, he derived the combination index equation (CIE) for multiple drug effect interactions, and introduced the concept of combination index (CI) for quantitative definition of synergism (CI<1), additive effect (CI=1), and antagonism (CI>1) using computerized simulations.
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Julius Axelrod (pictured) and Bernard Brodie demonstrated that acetanilide and phenacetin are both metabolized to paracetamol, which is a better tolerated analgesic. Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative serendipitously found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the name of Antifebrin by Cahn & Hepp in 1886. But its unacceptable toxic effects – the most alarming being cyanosis due to methemoglobinemia – prompted the search for less toxic aniline derivatives. Harmon Northrop Morse had already synthesized paracetamol at Johns Hopkins University via the reduction of p-nitrophenol with tin in glacial acetic acid in 1877, but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist Joseph von Mering tried paracetamol on humans.
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Carl Cori with his wife and fellow-Nobelist, Gerty Cori, in 1947. Carl Ferdinand Cori, ForMemRS (December 5, 1896 – October 20, 1984) was a Czech- American biochemist and pharmacologist born in Prague (then in Austria- Hungary, now Czech Republic) who, together with his wife Gerty Cori and Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay, received a Nobel Prize in 1947 for their discovery of how glycogen (animal starch) – a derivative of glucose – is broken down and resynthesized in the body, for use as a store and source of energy. In 2004, both were designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark in recognition of their work that elucidated carbohydrate metabolism.Ihde, A.J. Cori, Carl Ferdinand, and Gerty Theresa Radnitz Cori.
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Ranjit Roy Chaudhury, (4 November 1930 – 27 October 2015) was an Indian clinical pharmacologist, medical academic and health planner, who headed the National Committee for formulating the policy and guidelines on drugs and clinical trials in India. He was the chairman of the joint programme of World Health Organization and Government of India on Rational Use of Drugs in India. He was the founder president of the Delhi Medical Council and the president of the Delhi Society for Promotion of Rational Use of Drugs. A recipient of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award and the Dr. B. C. Roy Award, Chaudhury was awarded the fourth highest civilian award of the Padma Shri by the Government of India, in 1998.
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Sir Alasdair Muir Breckenridge, (May 1937 – 12 December 2019) was a Scottish pharmacologist. A native of Angus, Scotland, Breckenridge studied medicine at the University of St Andrews. He worked as a lecturer then senior lecturer at the Hammersmith Hospital and at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School (from 1964 to 1974), after which he was professor of clinical pharmacology at the University of Liverpool (until 2002). He served as chair of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency from its inception in 2003; as a member of the Committee on Safety of Medicines from 1982 to 2003 (being chairman from 1999 to 2003); and as a member of the Medical Research Council from 1992 to 1996.
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Another definition reads: Pharmaceutical care is the direct or indirect responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving the elimination or reduction of a patient's symptoms; arresting or slowing of a disease process; or preventing a disease. In 2013, a European organization, the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE), created a new definition that could satisfy experts from a multitude of countries. After a review of existing definitions, a number of options were presented to the participants and in a one-day meeting consensus on a definition was reached. ‘Pharmaceutical Care is the pharmacologist/pharmacist’s contribution to the care of individuals in order to optimize medicines use and improve health outcomes’.
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Shen was worried about deforestation due to the needs of the iron industry and ink makers using pine soot in the production process, so he suggested for the latter an alternative of petroleum, which he believed was "produced inexhaustibly within the earth".Menzies (1994), 24. Shen used the soot from the smoke of burned petroleum fuel (石油 Shíyóu, "rock oil" as Shen called it) to invent a new, more durable type of writing ink; the Ming Dynasty pharmacologist Li Shizhen (1518–1593) wrote that Shen's ink was "lustrous like lacquer, and superior to that made from pinewood lamp-black," or the soot from pinewood.Needham (1986), Volume 5, Part 7, 75–76.
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In 1963, Collier began working with University of London pharmacology graduate student Priscilla Piper to determine the precise mechanism of aspirin's effects. However, it was difficult to pin down the precise biochemical goings-on in live research animals, and in vitro tests on removed animal tissues did not behave like in vivo tests. After five years of collaboration, Collier arranged for Piper to work with pharmacologist John Vane at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, in order to learn Vane's new bioassay methods, which seemed like a possible solution to the in vitro testing failures. Vane and Piper tested the biochemical cascade associated with anaphylactic shock (in extracts from guinea pig lungs, applied to tissue from rabbit aortas).
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In his studies of the fermentation processes of the stomach, he noticed the "contra-fermentation" properties of benzene. He discovered that the human organism excreted phenol after it had received benzene. With physician Otto Schultzen (1837–1875) he discovered that benzene- derived hydrocarbons in the body had the ability to perform chemistry that was not possible for chemists to achieve in a conventional laboratory. With pharmacologist Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838–1921) and pathologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913) he founded Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie (now published as Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology), and in 1896 with surgeon Jan Mikulicz-Radecki (1850–1905) he founded Mitteilungen aus dem Grenzgebieten der Medizin und Chirurgie.
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'Spicy and non-poisonous' accords well with the culinary use of P. japonicum in Korean cuisine, whereas 'bifurcates at the top' and 'produces madness' accords with the morphology and medicinal/toxic properties of S. divaricata. However, as fang k'uei, P. japonicum is definitely used for medicinal as well as culinary purposes in China, where it is employed as an 'eliminative', diuretic, tussive, sedative and tonic. Ming Dynasty pharmacologist Li Shizhen was likewise of the opinion that P. japonicum was, although medicinal, not toxic in itself, maintaining that the hallucinogenic properties of the drug were probably a result of its adulteration with material derived from Aconitum or Euphorbia species.Schultes, Richard Evans; Hofmann, Albert (1979).
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In 1948, Swiss pharmacologist Peter N. Witt started his research on the effect of drugs on spiders. The initial motivation for the study was a request from his colleague, zoologist H. M. Peters, to shift the time when garden spiders build their webs from 2am–5am, which apparently annoyed Peters, to earlier hours. Witt tested spiders with a range of psychoactive drugs, including amphetamine, mescaline, strychnine, LSD, and caffeine, and found that the drugs affect the size and shape of the web rather than the time when it is built. At small doses of caffeine (10 µg/spider), the webs were smaller; the radii were uneven, but the regularity of the circles was unaffected.
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Rudolf Albert Martin Boehm (Böhm) (19 May 1844, in Nördlingen - 19 August 1926, in Bad Kohlgrub) was a German pharmacologist, known for his work in the field of experimental pharmacology. He studied medicine at the universities of Munich and Würzburg, and in 1868–70 served as an assistant to Franz von Rinecker at the Juliusspital in Würzburg. In 1871 he obtained his habilitation under Adolf Fick, then during the following year was named a professor of pharmacology, dietetics and history of medicine at the University of Dorpat. Later on, he worked as professor of pharmacology at the universities of Marburg (from 1881) and Leipzig (from 1884), where on four separate occasions he was named dean to the medical faculty.
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The wider Uddingston area has been home to a few successful footballers: Jimmy Johnstone, George McCluskey and John Higgins of Celtic; Tommy McQueen (Aberdeen, West Ham, Clyde, Falkirk); Iain Munro (player, coach and manager, Hibernian, St Mirren, Sunderland); Gary MacKenzie (Dundee, Blackpool); Lindsay Hamilton (Stenhousemuir, Rangers, St Johnstone, Dunfermline); and John Robertson who most notably played at Nottingham Forest, winning the European Cup. Barry Burns, the pianist/guitarist of the Scottish instrumental group Mogwai comes from Uddingston. Uddingston was the birthplace of James W. Black, (14 June 1924 – 22 March 2010) the Scottish doctor and pharmacologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988 for work leading to the discovery of Propranolol and Cimetidine.
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DIPEx was established in 2001 by GP Dr Ann McPherson CBE and clinical pharmacologist Andrew Herxheimer after their own experiences of illness. Ann had been diagnosed with breast cancer and although she knew all the medical information, couldn't find anyone else to talk to about the personal and emotional side of having the disease. This, and Herxheimer's experience of knee replacement surgery, prompted them to come up with the idea of a patient experience website. A small group of people from various backgrounds were asked to join a Steering Group and after many meetings around McPherson's kitchen table, the idea came into being with the help of Lion New Media (part of Lion Television).
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It was not however until the 1970s that women in Italy scored some major achievements with the introduction of laws regulating divorce (1970), abortion (1978), and the approval in 1975 of the new family code. Famous women of the period include politicians Nilde Iotti, Tina Anselmi, and Emma Bonino; actresses Anna Magnani, Sofia Loren, and Gina Lollobrigida; soprano Renata Tebaldi; ballet dancer Carla Fracci; costume designer Milena Canonero; sportwomen Sara Simeoni, Deborah Compagnoni, Valentina Vezzali, and Federica Pellegrini; writers Natalia Ginzburg, Elsa Morante, Alda Merini, and Oriana Fallaci; architect Gae Aulenti; scientist and 1986 Nobel Prize winner Rita Levi- Montalcini; astrophysicist Margherita Hack; astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti; pharmacologist Elena Cattaneo; and CERN Director-General Fabiola Gianotti.
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Adego Erhiawarie Eferakeya was born at Adagbrasa of Aghalokpe, Okpe Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria, on 9 July 1940. He gained a B Pharm from the University of Ife in 1969, a PhD from the University of Kansas Medical Centre (United States) in 1975, and an MD (Pharmacologist and Toxicologist, Physician) from the University of Kansas in 1977. He became a Professor of Pharmacology and toxicology at the University of Benin in 2005. Before running for the Senate, he was Chairman of the Hospital Management Board; Head of the Department of Pharmacology; Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy; Secretary of the Urhobo Political Forum Elders Council and Grand Knight of the Sepele Sub-Council.
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"Pituri" is one of several names used to refer to native plant matter held in the mouth for the extraction of nicotine. In central Australian languages the consonants p and b are interchangeable, as are t and d, and early European writers employed a wide variety of spellings. Joseph Bancroft, Australia's founding pharmacologist and the first to test its pharmacological properties, seems to have been the first to use the spelling "pituri". The term is used by Aboriginal Australians to refer not only to the leaf or the mixture of ash and leaf that is chewed but also to the shrubs and trees that are the sources of the ash and leaf.
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David Roderick Curtis AC MB BS PhD FRACP FAA FRS (3 June 1927 - 11 December 2017)Vale Emeritus Professor David Curtis was an Australian pharmacologist and neurobiologist. Born in Melbourne, he was Professor of Pharmacology, Australian National University 1966-1988 and Director and Howard Florey Professor of Medical Research, John Curtin School of Medical Research from 1989 until his retirement in 1992, at which time he was appointed Emeritus Professor and University Fellow. He was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1965 and the Royal Society in 1968. He served as President of the Australian Academy of Science 1986-90, and was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1992.
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In the early 1980s, Corey worked with Nobel Prize-winning biochemist and pharmacologist Dr. Gertrude Elion to demonstrate that an antiviral that was selective and specific for a viral-specified enzyme could be safely and effectively administered to control a chronic viral infection (herpes simplex virus type 2 or HSV-2). Corey first conceived of and demonstrated the core concepts and direct line association between quantitative viral load reduction and clinical benefit using topical, intravenous and oral formulations of acyclovir in classic studies performed between 1980 and 1984.Corey L, Nahmias AJ, Guinan ME, Benedetti JK, Critchlow CW, Holmes KK. A trial of topical acyclovir in genital herpes simplex infections. N Engl J Med 1982;306:1313-19.
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In the eight years he lived in Tehran, he also worked as a freelance writer, who not only translated many famous historical works but also published many of his own works. In his most famous paper, “On Travels in the Universe of the Soul”, he reports on self experimentation using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin conducted with his friends Dr. Albert Hofmann, pharmacologist Professor Heribert Konzett, and writer Ernst Jünger. He would later publish a book in 1966 that was in greater reference to these self experiments called, “Vom Rausch im Orient und Okzident” (On Inebriation in the East and the West). Later Dr. Gelpke would return to Switzerland, where he suffered from a stroke, dying at age of 43.
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The Mingyi bielu 名醫別錄 ("Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians"), written by the Taoist pharmacologist Tao Hongjing (456-536), who also wrote the first commentaries to the Shangqing canon, says, "Hemp-seeds (麻勃) are very little used in medicine, but the magician-technicians (shujia 術家) say that if one consumes them with ginseng it will give one preternatural knowledge of events in the future."Needham and Lu (1974), p. 151. A 6th-century AD Taoist medical work, the Wuzangjing 五臟經 ("Five Viscera Classic") says, "If you wish to command demonic apparitions to present themselves you should constantly eat the inflorescences of the hemp plant."Joseph Needham, Ho Ping-Yu, and Lu Gwei-djen (1980).
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Aided by the high school's science department, Stoner goes on to apply his pharmacological knowledge to develop simpler (early era) antibiotics such as chloramphenicol and some sulfa drugs as well as the insecticide DDT—which are still used in third world countries because they are easy and inexpensive to make compared to alternatives used later in developed countries. By 1633, "Doctor Professor Stoner" is firmly established as an increasingly rich and famous dye maker, pharmacologist and chemist. He is named as the medical attache to the New United States of Europe's first embassy delegation sent to the Most Serene Republic of Venice (1634: The Galileo Affair). He accepts a year's posting to lecture at the University of Padua to spread his scientific knowledge.
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The authors of Nobel, the Man and his Prizes by H.Schück et al., edited by the Nobel Foundation (2nd ed. Amsterdam, 1962, p.311) wrote of Magnus and his co- worker De Kleyn: ‘The examiner [1927] declared that the work done by Magnus and De Kleyn clearly deserved a prize, and the prospects for an award seemed most favourable when Magnus unexpectedly died.’ For his life and work see, Rudolf Magnus, Physiologist and Pharmacologist: A Biography (2002, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) by his son, Dr.Otto Magnus. Magnus had five children, Karl (1903-1989) lung specialist; Margarete (Gretl)(1905-1968)who worked as his secretary and translator; Dorothea who died aged 11; Erica (1909-1991) architect; and Otto (1913-2014) neurologist.
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In 1957, American chemists Francis Hochstein and Anita Paradies identified DMT in an "aqueous extract" of leaves of a plant they named Prestonia amazonicum [sic] and described as "commonly mixed" with B. caapi. The lack of a proper botanical identification of Prestonia amazonica in this study led American ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes (1915–2001) and other scientists to raise serious doubts about the claimed plant identity. The mistake likely led the writer William Burroughs to regard the DMT he experimented with in Tangier in 1961 as "Prestonia". Better evidence was produced in 1965 by French pharmacologist Jacques Poisson, who isolated DMT as a sole alkaloid from leaves, provided and used by Agaruna Indians, identified as having come from the vine Diplopterys cabrerana (then known as Banisteriopsis rusbyana).
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The garden area around the palace, called the 'Al-Munya al-Na‘ura' (the Water Wheel Orchard)Antonio Almagro and Luis Ramón-Laca, "Introduction to the catalogue of Andalusian Gardens" (Toledo 7) (retrieved 27 November 2008) or 'Huerta del Rey' (the king's garden) included a botanical garden of the pharmacologist Ibn al-Wafid.The Economic History of Spain Under the Umayyads, 711-1031, p. 38: "Ibn al-Wafid specialised in medicine and botany and wrote important works and was employed by Mamun of Toledo to lay out his famous botanical garden near Toledo in the valley of the Tagus between the Palace called Galiana and the river." It was famous for its irrigation works, the ruins of which are still to be seen.
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The Mingyi bielu 名醫別錄 ("Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians"), written by the Taoist pharmacologist Tao Hongjing (456-536), who also wrote the first commentaries to the Shangqing canon, says, "Hemp-seeds (麻勃) are very little used in medicine, but the magician-technicians (shujia 術家) say that if one consumes them with ginseng it will give one preternatural knowledge of events in the future."Needham and Lu (1974), p. 151. A 6th-century AD Taoist medical work, the Wuzangjing 五臟經 ("Five Viscera Classic") says, "If you wish to command demonic apparitions to present themselves you should constantly eat the inflorescences of the hemp plant."Joseph Needham, Ho Ping-Yu, and Lu Gwei-djen (1980).
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The Research Parasite Award is an honor given annually at the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing to recognize scientists who study previously- published data in ways not anticipated by the researchers who first generated it. The tongue-in-cheek name of the award refers to a New England Journal of Medicine editorial that coined the term "research parasite" to disparage such work. The idea was first suggested on Twitter by Iowa State University researcher Iddo Friedberg shortly after the editorial was published, and was then brought to life by Casey Greene, a pharmacologist at the University of Pennsylvania. Two Research Parasite Awards are given to recognize scientists who have made outstanding and rigorous contributions to analysis of secondary data in biology.
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Su Shi (; 8 January 1037 – 24 August 1101), courtesy name Zizhan (), art name Dongpo (), was a Chinese calligrapher, gastronome, painter, pharmacologist, poet, politician, and writer of the Song dynasty. A major personality of the Song era, Su was an important figure in Song Dynasty politics, aligning himself with Sima Guang and others, against the New Policy party led by Wang Anshi. Su Shi is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished figures in classical Chinese literature, having produced some of the most well-known poems, lyrics, prose, and essays. Su Shi was famed as an essayist, and his prose writings lucidly contribute to the understanding of topics such as 11th- century Chinese travel literature or detailed information on the contemporary Chinese iron industry.
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Historical accounts suggest that opium first arrived in China during the Tang dynasty (618907) as part of the merchandise of Arab traders. Later on, Song Dynasty (9601279) poet and pharmacologist Su Dongpo recorded the use of opium as a medicinal herb: "Daoists often persuade you to drink the jisu water, but even a child can prepare the yingsu soup." Initially used by medical practitioners to control bodily fluid and preserve qi or vital force, during the Ming dynasty (13681644), the drug also functioned as an aphrodisiac or chunyao () as Xu Boling records in his mid-fifteenth century Yingjing Juan: > It is mainly used to treat masculinity, strengthen sperm, and regain vigour. > It enhances the art of alchemists, sex and court ladies.
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THG was developed completely in secret by Arnold as a designer drug, on the basis that doping testers would be unlikely to detect a totally new compound. Arnold developed a chemical similar to two obscure steroids marketed by BALCO, norbolethone and desoxymethyltestosterone, which had been reported in scientific literature but never entered mass production, and the banned anabolic steroids trenbolone and gestrinone, the latter of which was used to synthesize it. In 2003, whistleblower Trevor Graham passed a spent syringe containing a small amount of the drug to the United States Anti-Doping Agency. This was then transferred to the research group of pharmacologist Don Catlin, who identified the drug using mass spectrometry techniques and gave it its present name.
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During the application process, Richardson- Merrell asked the FDA for quick approval of the drug, and distributed 2.5 million tablets of thalidomide to 1,200 American doctors with the understanding that the drug was under investigation, a preemptive marketing strategy that was permissible at the time under existing regulations. Nearly 20,000 patients received the drug. Reviewing pharmacologist Frances Oldham Kelsey, who had joined the FDA just a month before the application's arrival, repeatedly denied the company's requests for permission to market the drug, citing an insufficient number of controlled studies to establish risks. When studies revealed that 10,000 children worldwide had been born with severe birth defects from the drug, Merrell withdrew its application and recalled the remaining unconsumed tablets from doctors offices around the country.
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Botanical gardens, in the modern sense, developed from physic gardens, whose main purpose was to cultivate herbs for medical use as well as research and experimentation. Such gardens have a long history. In Europe, for example, Aristotle (384 BCE – 322 BCE) is said to have had a physic garden in the Lyceum at Athens, which was used for educational purposes and for the study of botany, and this was inherited, or possibly set up, by his pupil Theophrastus, the "Father of Botany". There is some debate among science historians whether this garden was ordered and scientific enough to be considered "botanical", and suggest it more appropriate to attribute the earliest known botanical garden in Europe to the botanist and pharmacologist Antonius Castor, mentioned by Pliny the Elder in the 1st century.
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Gertrude "Trudy" Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovative methods of rational drug design for the development of new drugs.Adams, Patrick, Meet the woman who gave the world antiviral drugs, National Geographic, August 31, 2020 This new method focused on understanding the target of the drug rather than simply using trial-and-error. Her work led to the creation of the AIDS drug AZT. Her well known works also include the development of the first immunosuppressive drug, azathioprine, used to fight rejection in organ transplants, and the first successful antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV), used in the treatment of herpes infection.
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Upon initial release, Ben Radding of Men's Fitness called Juul the "iPhone of E-cigs", but said that it required "getting used to". The comparison to the iPhone and other Apple products has been made by many other commentators. Pharmacologist James Pauly, a specialist in nicotine, notes that Juul delivers more nicotine than other e-cigarettes, and that the salts also may reduce the harshness, making it easier for new smokers, such as teenagers, to consume more nicotine than they are aware of. In August 2019, a spokesperson for Juul Labs said that the company was exploring an option similar to the deposit system for Juul pods to reduce marine pollution(which was proposed by Yogi Hale Hendlin, Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco).
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Nancy Rutledge Zahniser (October 26, 1948 – May 5, 2016) was an American pharmacologist, best known for her work involving the mechanism of dopaminergic pathways and chemical modifications of them. Although born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Zahniser grew up in Chillicothe, Ohio and subsequently enrolled at the College of Wooster, where she obtained a degree in chemistry. After completing her degree, Zahniser spent some time in India where she met her first husband Mark Zahniser; she later returned to the United States to attend the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, where she earned her PhD in pharmacology in 1977. Zahniser went on to complete her post-doctoral training at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center's Department of Pharmacology and then became a part of the faculty there.
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Soranus, a 2nd-century Greek physician, prescribed diuretics, emmenagogues, enemas, fasting, and bloodletting as safe abortion methods, although he advised against the use of sharp instruments to induce miscarriage, due to the risk of organ perforation. He also advised women wishing to abort their pregnancies to engage in energetic walking, carrying heavy objects, riding animals, and jumping so that the woman's heels were to touch her buttocks with each jump, which he described as the "Lacedaemonian Leap".Soranus. Gynaecology. 1.59–65. He also offered a number of recipes for herbal baths, rubs, and pessaries. In De Materia Medica Libri Quinque, the Greek pharmacologist Dioscorides listed the ingredients of a draught called "abortion wine"– hellebore, squirting cucumber, and scammony– but failed to provide the precise manner in which it was to be prepared.
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Citrullus lanatus, Plate 453 from 'Icones Plantarum' thumb Ferdinand Bernhard Vietz (18 November 1772 in Vienna – 15 December 1815 in Vienna), was an Austrian pharmacologist, a Doctor of the Healing Arts and Professor of Forensic Medicine at the University of Vienna, and is best known for Icones Plantarum Medico- Oeconomico-Technologicarum cum Earum Fructus ususque Descriptione (1800–1822), an 11-volume compilation of medicinal, culinary and decorative plant species consulted by pharmacologists during the early 1800s. The noted cartographic engraver, Ignaz Alberti, worked on the 1100 hand-coloured copperplate engravings on laid-watermarked paper and completed the work after the early death of Vietz.Sitwell's Great Flower Books Volumes 1 and 2 were printed in Latin and German in adjacent columns. Volumes 3-10 have the title in German only.
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Madhu Dikshit (born 21 November 1957) is an Indian cardiovascular biologist, pharmacologist, who served as (2015–2017) director of the Central Drug Research Institute of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Known for her studies on cardiovascular pathologies such as thrombosis, she is also an adjunct professor at Carleton University. Her studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles has listed 204 of them. All the three major Indian science academies namely Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India and Indian National Science Academy have elected her as their fellow and she is also a recipient of the Young Scientists Medal (1989) as well as the Professor K. P. Bhargava Memorial Medal (1999) of the Indian National Science Academy.
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His major works, Enquiry into Plants and On the Causes of Plants, constitute the most important contributions to botanical science until the Middle Ages, almost seventeen centuries later. Another work from Ancient Greece that made an early impact on botany is De Materia Medica, a five-volume encyclopedia about herbal medicine written in the middle of the first century by Greek physician and pharmacologist Pedanius Dioscorides. De Materia Medica was widely read for more than 1,500 years. Important contributions from the medieval Muslim world include Ibn Wahshiyya's Nabatean Agriculture, Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī's (828–896) the Book of Plants, and Ibn Bassal's The Classification of Soils. In the early 13th century, Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, and Ibn al-Baitar (d. 1248) wrote on botany in a systematic and scientific manner.
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Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, (24 September 189821 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin. Although Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin, it was Florey who carried out the first ever clinical trials of penicillin in 1941 at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient, a police constable from Oxford. The patient started to recover, but subsequently died because Florey was unable, at that time, to make enough penicillin. It was Florey and Chain who actually made a useful and effective drug out of penicillin, after the task had been abandoned as too difficult.
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Following the disbanding of the Prince's Foundation, many of the individuals and organisations involved launched a new organisation in late 2010 called The College of Medicine, with which the Prince of Wales was not overtly involved. Several commentators writing in The Guardian and The British Medical Journal, have expressed the opinion that the new organisation is simply a re-branding of the Prince's Foundation, describing it as "Hamlet without the Prince". In support of this connection with Prince Charles, alternative medicine critic and pharmacologist David Colquhoun has argued that the College (originally called "The College of Integrated Health") is extremely well-funded and seemed from the beginning to be very confident of the Prince's support; explicitly describing its mission as "to take forward the vision of HRH the Prince of Wales". These claims have been contested by the College.
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Elder graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1936 with a bachelor's degree in science education, in 1938 with a master's degree, and in 1942 with a Ph.D. in zoology. Elder worked from 1941 to 1943 as a game biologist for the Illinois Natural History Survey and from 1943 to 1945 as a pharmacologist doing research in chemical warfare in the University of Chicago's Toxicity Laboratory. At the University of Missouri's department of zoology he was from 1945 to 1947 an assistant professor, from 1947 to 1951 an associate professor, and from 1951 to 1984 a full professor, retiring as professor emeritus in 1984. He also chaired the department from 1950 to 1953 and was named the William J. Rucker Professor of Zoology in 1954. Elder discovered that anticholesterol compound SC-12937 (22, 25-diazacholestanol dihydrochloride) reduced fertility in captive pigeons.
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On returning from London, Shapiro was employed as government pharmacologist of the Biological Control Laboratories at the Union Health Department in Cape Town. In 1939, he interrupted this employment to complete his medical studies, graduating M.B. Ch.B. in December that year. He then moved to the health department's medico-legal laboratories as a forensic pathologist and in October 1943 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa and was a lecturer in medical jurisprudence at Cape Town University until1948, when he left to take up the editorship of the South African Medical Journal. He chaired numerous medical conferences and symposiums, including from 13 to 16 July 1968, the first Human Heart Transplantation Symposium in Cape Town that followed on soon after the first heart transplant had successfully been done by Christiaan Barnard on 3 December 1967.
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Sidney Udenfriend (April 5, 1918 - December 29, 1999) was an American biochemist, pharmacologist, founding director of the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, co-discoverer of a color test to detect an intestinal tumor often linked with diseased heart valves. New York Times:COLOR TEST DETECTS TUMOR OF INTESTINE;September 23, 1955 National Academies Press:National Academy of Sciences:Biographical Memoirs:v.83:Sidney Udenfriend The AMINCO- Bowman SPF:Sidney Udenfriend (1918-2001) American Association for Clinical Chemistry ;Sidney Udenfriend, PhD;1969 Outstanding Contributions to Clinical Chemistry Udenfriend was also a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a recipient of the Ames Award, Hillebrand Award, the Arthur S. Flemming award, Gairdner Award, the Van Slyke Award chief of the laboratory in the National Heart Institute, He was also a member the American Chemical Society, the American Society of Biological Chemists, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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The stop-gap drugs used by the largest absolute number of heroin addicts is probably codeine, with significant use also of dihydrocodeine, poppy straw derivatives like poppy pod and poppy seed tea, propoxyphene, and tramadol. The structural formula of morphine was determined by 1925 by Robert Robinson. At least three methods of total synthesis of morphine from starting materials such as coal tar and petroleum distillates have been patented, the first of which was announced in 1952, by Dr. Marshall D. Gates, Jr. at the University of Rochester. Still, the vast majority of morphine is derived from the opium poppy by either the traditional method of gathering latex from the scored, unripe pods of the poppy, or processes using poppy straw, the dried pods and stems of the plant, the most widespread of which was invented in Hungary in 1925 and announced in 1930 by Hungarian pharmacologist János Kabay.
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Correspondents to the British Medical Journal have criticised the College for its promotion of alternative medicine, claims which it has contested. Sikora is on the advisory panel of complementary cancer care charity Penny Brohn Cancer Care (formerly the Bristol Cancer Help Centre) of which Prince Charles is a patron, and is a patron of the Iain Rennie Hospice at Home. The pharmacologist David Colquhoun noted that the School of Medicine at Buckingham University, of which Sikora is Dean, had briefly offered a diploma in "integrated medicine" (a euphemism for alternative medicine) run by the "Faculty of Integrated Medicine", adding that Sikora's own views on the subject were a "mystery wrapped in an enigma". Sikora has however, elsewhere been critical of alternative medicine; after Parliament member Lord Maurice Saatchi proposed a bill allowing doctors to use unproven experimental therapies, he noted that this could give false hope to terminally ill patients.
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In 1901, Jōkichi Takamine patented a purified extract from the adrenal glands, and called it "adrenalin" (from the Latin ad and renal, "near the kidneys"), which was trademarked by Parke, Davis & Co in the US. The British Approved Name and European Pharmacopoeia term for this drug is hence adrenaline. However, the pharmacologist John Abel had already prepared an extract from adrenal glands as early as 1897, and coined the name epinephrine to describe it (from the Greek epi and nephros, "on top of the kidneys"). In the belief that Abel's extract was the same as Takamine's (a belief since disputed), epinephrine became the generic name in the US, and remains the pharmaceutical's United States Adopted Name and International Nonproprietary Name (though the name adrenaline is frequently used). The terminology is now one of the few differences between the INN and BAN systems of names.
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Due to increased Allied pressure on the German war effort, Nazi Germany had grown desperate for new soldiers to continue the war effort, and one way to mitigate the massive losses was to increase the combative power of the remaining soldiers in the Wehrmacht. Though simpler drugs such as Pervitin and Isophan helped to keep soldiers properly stimulated, Vice Admiral Hellmuth Heye in March 1944 requested a drug that could also provide the users with superhuman strength and a boosted sense of self-esteem. Pharmacologist Gerhard Orzechowski and a group of other researchers were commissioned in Kiel to develop this drug, and by later in the year developed a formula which contained in each tablet: 5 mg of oxycodone (brand name Eukodal), 5 mg of cocaine, and 3 mg of methamphetamine (then called Pervitin, now available under the brand name Desoxyn).Paterson, Lawrence (2006).
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In 1986, together with clinical pharmacologist Joe Collier, when both were senior lecturers at St George's, wrote a "groundbreaking" paper for the journal Medical Education, entitled "Racial and sexual discrimination in the selection of students for London medical schools". After examining the female to male ratio and the names of students taking final examinations at 11 London medical schools, they concluded that "the results of this survey suggest that racial and sexual discrimination operate when students are selected for medical education at London colleges". The Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) was subsequently made aware that software used for medical-school admissions selection at St George's was creating a lower score for women and those with non-European names so reducing their chance of being called for interview. Following an enquiry, the official CRE report (1988) confirmed Burke and Collier's findings and also questioned what might be happening in other London medical schools; St. George's already had a higher than average intake of students with non- European names.
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In 1927 both Krayer and Trendelenburg transferred to the Pharmacological Institute at the University of Berlin, where Krayer qualified as a university lecturer in 1929. From 1930 to 1932 Krayer was managing director of the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Berlin, during Trendelenburg's severe illness and continuing after his subsequent death in 1931. In 1933 the Jewish pharmacologist Philipp Ellinger (1887-1952) was removed from his post as a professor at the Düsseldorf Medical Academy (now part of the University of Düsseldorf) and Krayer was appointed as his successor. Krayer initially rejected his post verbally, as the new director of the Berlin Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wolfgang Heubner, recounts in his diary entry from 14 June 1933: ' to me in person at around midday to tell me that he had seen Pertmanent Secretary Achelis to voice his personal reservations about replacing a man who, in his opinion, had been removed from office for no good reason.
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In addition to expanding field work on identification and characterisation of a wide range of Australian elapids and their venoms, Kellaway's work through the 1930s broadened to include platypus, mussel, Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) and redback spider (Latrodectus hasselti) venoms. This huge corpus of work, totalling over 70 publications by the end of the programme, resulted in an invitation for Kellaway to review his oeuvre via the prestigious Charles E Dohme Memorial Lectureships at Johns Hopkins University Medical School (now Johns Hopkins School of Medicine) in 1936 – an impressive international accolade. The Dohme lectures also coincided with a shift in Kellaway's interest towards tissue injury by venoms, particularly their effects on haemodynamics. His investigations thus returned to the study of histamine and anaphylaxis that had characterised his early 1920s work with Dale, while Kellaway was furthermore encouraged by the two- year tenure of expatriate German pharmacologist, Wilhelm Feldberg, at the Hall Institute (1936–38).
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Joseph Gavin Collier (born 1942) is a British retired clinical pharmacologist and emeritus professor of medicines policy at St George's Hospital and Medical School in London, whose early research included establishing the effect of aspirin on human prostaglandins and looking at the role of nitric oxide and angiotensin converting enzyme in controlling blood vessel tone and blood pressure. Later, in his national policy work, he helped change the way drugs are priced and bought by the NHS, and ensured that members of governmental advisory committees published their conflicts of interest. In 1986 he became a whistleblower when he revealed to the Commission for Racial Equality that software used for medical-school admissions selection at St George's was intentionally discriminating against women and ethnic minorities, by creating a lower score for women and those with non-European names so reducing their chance of being called for interview. Initially shunned within the institution, he was publicly thanked several years later for bringing the procedure to its attention.
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By October 1945, DDT was available for public sale in the United States, used both as an agricultural pesticide and as a household insecticide. Although its use was promoted by government and the agricultural industry, US scientists such as FDA pharmacologist Herbert O. Calvery expressed concern over possible hazards associated with DDT as early as 1944. In 1947, Dr. Bradbury Robinson, a physician and nutritionist practicing in St. Louis, Michigan, warned of the dangers of using the pesticide DDT in agriculture. DDT had been researched and manufactured in St. Louis by the Michigan Chemical Corporation, later purchased by Velsicol Chemical Corporation, and had become an important part of the local economy. Citing research performed by Michigan State UniversityAmerican Potato Journal June 1947, Volume 24, Issue 6, pp. 183–187 Results of spraying and dusting potatoes in Michigan in 1946 in 1946, Robinson, a past president of the local Conservation Club,"Conservation Club, St. Louis, Has Program", Lansing State Journal (Lansing, Michigan), p.
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In 1927 British explorer George Miller Dyott led a second trip down the river, independently confirming Roosevelt's discoveries."River of Doubt", Time Magazine, June 6, 1927. In 1992 a third (modern) expedition was organized, funded, and led by Charles Haskell and Elizabeth McKnight of New Century Conservation Trust, a non-profit environmental education organization in Maine, and sponsored in part by the Theodore Roosevelt Association, the American Museum of Natural History, and the National Wildlife Federation.Elizabeth Haskell 2017 This expedition consisted of a total of twenty persons including professional river guides Joe Willie Jones, Kelley Kalafatich, Jim Slade, and Mike Boyle, photographers Carr Clifton and Mark Greenburg, cinematographer Joe Kaminsky, Haskell's son Charles 'Chip' Haskell Jr. who served as the expedition's communications expert, Brazilian scientists Geraldo Mendes dos Santos and João Ferraz (ichthyologist and pharmacologist), and chiefs Oita Mina and Tatataré of the Cinta Larga tribe whose land borders much of the river.
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Jerzy Adam Gracjan Vetulani (21 January 1936 – 6 April 2017) was a Polish neuroscientist, pharmacologist and biochemist, professor of natural sciences, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Learning, one of the most frequently cited Polish scientists in the field of biomedicine after 1965. Associated with the Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków, at which he was a Professor, Head of the Department of Biochemistry (1976–2006), Deputy Director for Science Affairs (1994–2002) and Vice Chairman of the Scientific Council (2003–2017), he published more than 240 original research papers. He first gained recognition for an early hypothesis of the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs, suggesting in 1975 together with Fridolin Sulser that downregulation of beta- adrenergic receptors is responsible for their effects.Sulser F., Vetulani J.: Action of various antidepressant treatments reduces reactivity of noradrenergic cyclic AMP generating system in limbic forebrain, "Nature", 257, 1975.
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A number of notable citizens of Riga are buried here, such as, archbishop of Riga Jānis Pommers, metropolitan of Vilnius and Lithuania Sergejs (Voskresenskis), poet O. Šmidta, teacher F. Erns, magistrate N. Eše, literature critic P. Piļskis, state councillor V. Juzepčuks, governor of Riga A. Beklešovs, professor V. Černobajevs, primadonna of Mariinsky Theatre M. Čerkaska, augur Eižens Finks, infantry general A. Simonovs, actor V. Svobodins, Saint Petersburg opera soloist D. Smirnovs, writer Aleksey Tolstoy's wife J. Rožanska, Russian First journalism school principal P. Piļskis, bibliographer S. Minclovs, Check assassinated literate and newspaper Segodnya ("Сегодня" from Russian: "Today") editor M. Ganfmans, state councillor K. Kuzjmanovs, poet Leri (V. Klopotovskis), professor V. Kļimenko, Order of the Three Stars cavalier and professor G. Klarks, knyaz P. Jengaličevs, painter Sergejs Vinogradovs, artist K. Visockis, publisher N. Belocvetovs, professor K. Arabažins, actor J. de Burs, philosopher Žakovs, private assistant professor J. Bērziņš, pharmacologist A. Pauls, biologist Kārlis Reinholds Kupfers, actress Vija Artmane. Here are also located the burials of Mukhins (such as world-known sculptress Vera Mukhina) and Vērmanes Garden patron Wöhrmann family graves.
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Shen Kuo (; 1031–1095) or Shen Gua, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544. was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman of the Song dynasty (960–1279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, entomologist, anatomist, climatologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, medical scientist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, geographer, geophysicist, mineralogist, encyclopedist, military general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, economist, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, philosopher, art critic, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality.Needham (1986), Volume 4, Part 2, 33. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (1021–1085). In his Dream Pool Essays or Dream Torrent Essays (; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187).Bowman (2000), 599.
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Horst Meyer (March 1, 1926 - August 14, 2016) was a Swiss scientist doing research in condensed matter physics. Meyer was the son of the surgeon Arthur Woldemar Meyer in Berlin and the grandson of the pharmacologist Hans Horst Meyer. After Arthur's sudden death in 1933 he was adopted by the chemist Kurt Heinrich Meyer, the brother of Arthur, and grew up in Switzerland. After graduating from the Collège Jean Calvin in Geneva, he studied physics and physical chemistry at the universities of Geneva and of Zürich, obtaining his PhD in 1953. He was first a postdoctoral associate, later a Nuffield Fellow in the Clarendon Laboratory at the University of Oxford, from 1957 lecturer at Harvard University. In 1959 he was appointed an assistant professor at Duke University (where Fritz London was formerly on the faculty), and where he became in 1984 the Fritz London Professor and finally professor emeritus in 2004. Meyer died from cancer in 2016. He was visiting professor at the Technische Universität München (1965), the University of Tokyo and Toyota Technological Institute in Nagoya, and also 1974 and 1975 at the Institut Laue–Langevin in Grenoble.
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