It therefore has none of the "pumping losses" that hobble petrol engines.
|
|
Today's petrol engines can meet the legal NOx limit with little difficulty.
|
|
And Barcelona's congested streets don't look any less packed with petrol engines — yet.
|
|
LONDON (Reuters) - Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) will stop sourcing petrol engines from Ford's (F.
|
|
This year a string of governments made commitments to phase out diesel and petrol engines.
|
|
In terms of fuel economy, small turbo-charged petrol engines have all but caught up.
|
|
The foils, plus twin V8 Volvo Penta petrol engines, take the boat to 50 knots (92.6kph).
|
|
As a result, they produce a lot less carbon dioxide, as well as carbon monoxide, than petrol engines.
|
|
But if battery prices fell that much, oil would probably become much cheaper, too, making petrol engines more attractive.
|
|
The company said cleaner diesel and petrol engines and plug-in hybrid vehicles were also part of its plans.
|
|
In 2018, petrol engines powered more than half of new passenger cars in the EU, while diesel accounted for 35.9%.
|
|
Its sister metal, palladium, has benefited from the switch to petrol engines and expectations for growth in hybrid gasoline-electric vehicles.
|
|
Carmakers like them because they emit less carbon dioxide than similar petrol engines do, making it easier to comply with stiff regulations.
|
|
Honda ditched its own attempts to build a small, clean, high-mileage diesel, preferring to carry on refining its economical petrol engines instead.
|
|
Palladium has benefited from the switch to petrol engines and expectations for growth in hybrid electric vehicles, which tend to be gasoline-powered.
|
|
It is unclear whether the ban will include only pure-petrol cars or also plug-in hybrids that combine petrol engines with electric motors.
|
|
Namely, they emit far higher levels of other polluting gases such as non-methane organic gases (NMOG) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than petrol engines.
|
|
"If all the diesel cars were replaced by equivalent cars with petrol engines, average fleet emissions would rise by 16 grams," Bulander told Reuters.
|
|
Palladium, in contrast, has benefited from a switch to petrol engines and expectations for growth in hybrid electric vehicles, which tend to be gasoline-powered.
|
|
If European diesel sales plunge as a result of the VW revelations, carmakers will have a harder time meeting the planned targets with petrol engines.
|
|
Palladium, unlike platinum, has benefited from a switch to petrol engines and expectations for growth in hybrid electric vehicles, which tend to be gasoline-powered.
|
|
But tax breaks favoring diesel cars would remain in place for the time being, since they emitted less carbon dioxide than petrol engines, she said.
|
|
Mahindra & Mahindra in January launched 1.99 litre diesel engines to counter the ban and is working on developing petrol engines for most of its vehicles.
|
|
However, a contract to supply Jaguar Land Rover ends in September 2020, which would have left the plant just building Ford petrol engines for export.
|
|
A recent announcement of an eventual ban on petrol engines (probably after 13) could help to secure a long-term lead in the global EV market.
|
|
The industry is also having to cope with the fallout of its diesel crisis, and invest heavily in electric vehicles and more fuel-efficient petrol engines.
|
|
Palladium, unlike platinum, has benefited from a switch to petrol engines and expectations for growth in hybrid electric vehicles, which tend to be partly gasoline-powered.
|
|
European carmakers had invested heavily in diesel engines, which produce less carbon dioxide but more of other pollutants blamed for causing respiratory disease than petrol engines.
|
|
Former auto engineer Hugo Spowers swore off working with petrol engines 222 years ago when he began toying with the idea of building hydrogen-powered vehicles.
|
|
In particular, the development and rollout of "Selective Catalytic Reduction" systems for diesel engines and "Otto Particulate Filters" for petrol engines are thought to have been affected.
|
|
After a global agreement was signed in Kyoto in 1997, carmakers—especially in Europe—began producing small efficient diesel engines which emitted less CO2 than petrol engines.
|
|
The plan will target the phasing out of 10 million old vehicles and focus on cars with petrol engines registered before 1997 or diesel vehicles registered before 2001.
|
|
LONDON, Sept 28 (Reuters) - Jaguar Land Rover will stop sourcing petrol engines from Ford's plant in Bridgend, Wales, and end its current contract earlier than expected in 2020.
|
|
Seeking to end the sale of diesel and petrol engines by the middle of next decade, Norway exempts battery-powered cars from taxes imposed on fossil fuel vehicles.
|
|
Many people working in the drone industry started out flying small RC aircraft powered by tiny petrol engines, which were "annoying, messy and super-finicky", says Adam Bry of Skydio.
|
|
Von Platen said he could well imagine Porsche that will introduce hybrid versions of its 911 and Boxster/Cayman sports cars, with a combination of petrol engines and electric motors.
|
|
Over the next decade, the company "will focus on a drive mix consisting of even further optimized petrol engines, plug-in hybrid models, and purely electrically operated sports cars," Blume said.
|
|
By 2020 new EV sales would be running at around 7m a year, displacing the growth in sales of new petrol engines, says Kingsmill Bond of Trusted Sources, a research firm.
|
|
Ford, Britain's biggest automotive engine builder, said last year it was scaling back investment at the plant in Bridgend due to lower than anticipated demand for one of its petrol engines.
|
|
Seeking to end the sale of diesel and petrol engines by the middle of the next decade, Norway exempts battery-driven cars from the heavy taxes imposed on vehicles powered by fossil fuel.
|
|
That's also down to the engines: the first batch of cars in China will run on Volvo-derived petrol engines, whereas the European variants of the car will come with electrified powertrains as standard.
|
|
The company said that in line with its contract it had served the required three years notice to Ford for the supply of the 6 and 8 cylinder petrol engines from its Bridgend plant.
|
|
Unlike platinum, palladium has benefited from a switch to petrol engines and expectations for growth in hybrid electric vehicles, which tend to be partly gasoline-powered, helping cushion the metal from falling global car sales.
|
|
Ford, the biggest maker of automotive engines in Britain, said last year it was scaling back investment due to lower than anticipated demand for one of its petrol engines but was not planning significant cuts.
|
|
The shift from gasoline to diesel cars was a strategic choice for European countries and it was encouraged with tax incentives, since diesel engines emit less carbon dioxide — a heat-trapping greenhouse gas — than petrol engines.
|
|
Toyota will invest 650 million zlotys ($165 million) in its Polish factories to produce engine components for hybrid cars as well as petrol engines for the Toyota Yaris, newspapers Gazeta Wyborcza, Puls Biznesu and Rzeczpospolita said.
|
|
Unlike platinum, palladium has also benefited from a switch to petrol engines and expectations for growth in hybrid electric vehicles, which tend to be partly gasoline-powered, helping cushion the metal from falling global car sales.
|
|
Stuttgart-based Porsche still relies on diesels, which account for about 2000 percent of its global sales, to help it bring down emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) as they are more fuel-efficient than petrol engines.
|
|
Car makers, fearing a more widespread diesel ban, are looking at ways to circumvent the problem by resizing their diesel engines to below 2 litres to skirt the ban or by introducing petrol engines for their cars.
|
|
In a bid to cut carbon emissions and air pollution, Norway exempts battery-driven cars from most taxes and offers benefits such as free parking and charging points to hasten a shift from diesel and petrol engines.
|
|
"[O]ver the next ten years we will focus on a drive mix consisting of even further optimized petrol engines, plug-in hybrid models, and purely electrically operated sports cars," Oliver Blume, Porsche's chairman, said in a statement.
|
|
Moreover, the electricity used to power the cars would need to become far less carbon-intensive; for now, emissions from EVs powered by America's electricity grid are higher than those from highly efficient petrol engines, say the authors.
|
|
"We believe that this country, especially in urban mobility, will have a very strong shift from petrol engines into hybridization and electric cars," Hinrich Woebcken, the new head of Volkswagen AG's U.S. division, told the Wall Street Journal.
|
|
Grab said drivers who opt for an EV — which will be "progressively rolled out" from early 2019 — can expect to increase their earnings by as much as 25 percent over drivers using petrol engines thanks to SP's 'mates' rate.
|
|
The move to sell to external customers has taken on new significance given the debate over diesel and petrol engines in Germany, with politicians and car bosses last week agreeing measures to cut pollution and repair the car industry's battered reputation.
|
|
Chinese automakers have invested billions in developing electric and petrol-electric hybrid vehicles at the direction of the government, which sees green cars as a way to leapfrog global competitors more experienced in traditional petrol engines while also cutting heavy pollution.
|
|
The change in rules will outlaw more than 98 per cent of the vehicles currently sold in Britain and will require manufacturers to switch to vehicles predominantly driven by batteries, though they may have petrol engines for back-up or support.
|
|
Its Bridgend plant built around 20 percent of Britain's 2.7 million automotive engines last year but a contract to supply Jaguar Land Rover ends in 2020 leaving a run of its own Dragon petrol engines which are sent abroad to be fitted into vehicles.
|
|
Ford, Britain's biggest engine builder, said last year it was scaling back investment due to lower than anticipated demand for one of its petrol engines, prompting the Unite union to call on the firm to provide a plan for how it would maintain output.
|
|
The agreement comes about four months after Suzuki, Japan's fourth-biggest automaker, said it was struggling to keep up with research and development (R&D) in an industry simultaneously exploring non-petrol engines and self-driving vehicles - areas in which it has yet to announce any major strategy.
|
|
Hulot said he would propose that a 2100 to 0000,22015 euro incentive to switch to a less polluting vehicle, so far only available to low-income families, should be available from 2018 to all citizens who own cars with petrol engines registered before 1997 and cars with diesel engines registered before 2001.
|
|
FRANKFURT, Sept 3 (Reuters) - The following are some of the factors that may move German stocks on Monday: Volkswagen Daimler BMW Germany's Transport Ministry said on Sunday that a report by Sunday paper Bild am Sonntag saying Volkswagen engineers told investigators that certain petrol engines in VW, Audi and Porsche vehicles can be used to manipulate emissions tests, held no fresh news.
|
|
43 By 1930, three MLC were operated by the Royal Navy. Early MLCs were powered by single Hotchkiss petrol engines. Later craft were powered by single Gill petrol engines.
|
|
Petrol engines run at higher rotation speeds than diesels, partially due to their lighter pistons, connecting rods and crankshaft (a design efficiency made possible by lower compression ratios) and due to petrol burning more quickly than diesel. Because pistons in petrol engines tend to have much shorter strokes than pistons in diesel engines, typically it takes less time for a piston in a petrol engine to complete its stroke than a piston in a diesel engine. However, the lower compression ratios of petrol engines give petrol engines lower efficiency than diesel engines. Typically, most petrol engines have approximately 20%(avg.) thermal efficiency, which is nearly half of diesel engines.
|
|
The A5 Sportback is available with two petrol engines and three diesel engines.
|
|
The Daihatsu Z-series engine is a series of Daihatsu's two-stroke petrol engines.
|
|
A liquid petroleum gas (LPG) option was introduced for some petrol engines in 1984.
|
|
In Europe, diesel and petrol engines are available, while the choice is limited to inline-6 and V8 petrol engines in the United States. Due to its large size and poor environmental record, Environmental Action Germany nominated the car for their Goldener Geier (Golden Vulture) 2020 award.
|
|
The petrol engines and transmissions are made locally at Toyota Kirloskar Auto Parts (TKAP), Bidadi, Karnataka, India.
|
|
The Daihatsu E-series engine is a range of 0.5 L to 1.0 L inline-three petrol engines.
|
|
The smart fortwo was officially marketed through select Mercedes-Benz dealers in South-Africa only with petrol engines.
|
|
The Daihatsu A-series engine is a range of 0.55 L to 0.62 L compact inline-two petrol engines.
|
|
The Daihatsu K3/KJ/KSZ engine is a series of 1.0 L to 1.5 L inline four petrol engines.
|
|
The Alpina "B3 3.3" and "B3 S" were based on the E46 and were powered by inline-six petrol engines.
|
|
Furthermore, in accordance with European automotive traditions, engines shall be listed in the following ascending order of preference: #Number of cylinders, #Engine displacement (in litres), #Engine configuration, and #Rated motive power output (in kilowatts). The petrol engines which Volkswagen Group previously manufactured and installed are in the list of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines article.
|
|
The company General Manager Eero Kytölä, travelled twice to Germany and France for component purchasing in 1947 and 1948. He made an agreement of buying a large amount of surplus material of Western Allies. This included over 10 000 GMC lorry rims, 304 Cadillac V8 petrol engines of which 30 with gearboxes and 186 White petrol engines.
|
|
Furthermore, in accordance with European automotive traditions, engines shall be listed in the following ascending order of preference: #Number of cylinders, #engine displacement (in litres), #engine configuration, and #Rated motive power output (in kilowatts). The petrol engines which Volkswagen Group are currently manufactured and installed in today's vehicles can be found in the list of Volkswagen Group petrol engines article.
|
|
They were equipped with petrol engines, which necessitated the use of an extra externally mounted fuel tank, which was attached to the vehicle's rear.
|
|
All petrol engines featured direct fuel injection (except the 1.8l), named as JTS (Jet Thrust Stoichiometric). JTD diesel engines have common rail direct fuel injection.
|
|
Formerly, gasoline/petrol engines exhibited better throttle response than diesel engines. This results from higher specific power output and higher maximum engine power, as well as the fact that lower-powered diesel engines were disproportionately heavier. Recently diesel engines became able to outperform similar-sized petrol engines. Most naturally aspirated gasoline engines have better responsiveness than supercharged or turbocharged engines for engines with similar peak power outputs.
|
|
All three-cylinder 1.5 L (1,477 cc) petrol engines have a bore of and a stroke of with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. All engines are turbocharged and intercooled with direct injection. All four-cylinder 1.5 L (1,498 cc) petrol engines have a bore of and a stroke of with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. All engines are turbocharged and intercooled with direct injection.
|
|
Toyota introduced a facelifted Corolla as well as adding new VVTi petrol engines. The Avensis also received similar changes and the new engines. Honda introduced a new Civic, offering 1.4 or 1.6 petrol engines. The models available in Britain was the five-door hatchback and 2-door coupe from the US. A 3-door hatchback would launch later alongside a sporty Type-R model.
|
|
Some of the first diesel-engined buses and coaches between the 1930s and 1950s also used engine-driven exhausters. They were designed with vacuum braking systems or servo-assisted brakes, based on earlier models with petrol engines. As petrol engines produce a manifold vacuum, vacuum systems are easily added. Diesel engines have no throttle or manifold venturi, thus do not provide a usable vacuum source.
|
|
Blomberg: ...ja muita kummallisuuksia. pp. 138–142. Petrol engines came back into use in NA-110GT which uses GM V8 engine, and NA-140BT with Rover V8.
|
|
Until the early 1970s Mahindra Jeeps were on Petrol and Premier commercial vehicles had Petrol model options. The Defence sector too had most trucks on Petrol engines.
|
|
The Peugeot 407 is a large family car produced by the French automaker Peugeot, from 2003 to 2010. It was available in saloon, coupé and estate variants, with both diesel and petrol engines. The petrol engines ranged from 1.8 to 2.9 litres displacement, whereas the diesels ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 litre engines. The 407, along with the larger 607, was succeeded by the 508, in January 2011.
|
|
From the electric version 61 examples were produced. In total 202 electric trucks were built (E290 + E291). After the war, some were modified to run with petrol engines.
|
|
A superstructure was fitted as a saloon area in the 1980s. The Hall Scott petrol engines were replaced in the 1970s with GM's, and recently with Fiat diesels.
|
|
The Swift was available with 1.3- and 1.5-litre petrol engines, rated at and , respectively. It was produced in Hungary, India, Japan, Pakistan and by Chang'an Motors in China. In China and Japan, only the five-door body is available, and a four-wheel drive is an option for the 1.3- and 1.5-litre petrol engines. A 1.2-litre engine fitted with an automatic continuously variable transmission (CVT) was offered in front-wheel drive only.
|
|
The R series is a line of petrol engines introduced by British Leyland in 1983 for the then-new Austin Maestro. It was only produced in one capacity--1.6 litres.
|
|
This sets out the variety of contexts or situations in which performance can take place. For example, does the unit cover 'all diesel, hybrid, and petrol engines' or 'petrol only'.
|
|
All SPA based cars will be delivered with 4 cylinder engines. The diesel and petrol engines share the same Volvo Engine Architecture, and Volvo can build 530,000 engines per year.
|
|
Turbochargers have been used on various petrol engines since 1962, in order to obtain greater power or torque output for a given engine displacement. Most turbocharged petrol engines use a single turbocharger, however twin-turbo configurations are also often used. In motor racing, turbochargers were used in various forms of motorsport in the 1970s and 1980s. Since the mid-2010s, turbocharging has returned to several motor racing categories, such as Formula One and the World Rally Championship.
|
|
Other Unimogs, agricultural used, used already OM- type engines (Öl Motor, or Diesel engine) but in the given period it was considered more cost effective to use petrol engines for the military.
|
|
Levavasseur was born in Le Mesnil-au-Val, Cherbourg, France to a naval officer. Initially studying fine arts, Levavasseur switched to studying engineering, with a particular interest in arc lamps and petrol engines.
|
|
Animated cut through diagram of a typical fuel injector, a device used to deliver fuel to the internal combustion engine. Fuels burn faster and more efficiently when they present a large surface area to the oxygen in air. Liquid fuels must be atomized to create a fuel-air mixture, traditionally this was done with a carburetor in petrol engines and with fuel injection in diesel engines. Most modern petrol engines now use fuel injection too — though the technology is quite different.
|
|
42 Design work began at John I. Thornycroft Ltd. in May 1938 with trials completing in February 1940. Although early LCM(1)s were powered by two Thornycroft 60 bhp petrol engines, the majority were powered by Chrysler, in-line, 6-cylinder Crown petrol engines. Constructed of steel and selectively clad with armour plate, this shallow-draft, barge-like boat with a crew of 6, could ferry a tank of 16 long tons to shore at 7 knots (13 km/h).
|
|
The engine range of the S60 and V60 comprises four petrol engines and three diesels. The engines available are the T3, T4, T5 and T6 petrol engines and D3, D5 and 1.6D DRIVe diesel engines, the latter of which has Stop Start Technology to increase the efficiency of the engine. The 2.4-litre D5 plug-in hybrid version, fitted with a five-cylinder diesel engine and a 50 kW electric motor, was scheduled for sale in Europe by November 2012.
|
|
These dimensions were to be used on all Land Rovers for the next 25 years. In 1957 a brand new 2.0-litre diesel engine was introduced that, despite the similar capacity, was not related to the petrol engines used. The petrol engines of the time used the rather out-dated inlet-over-exhaust valve arrangement; the diesel used the more modern overhead valve layout. This diesel engine was one of the first high-speed diesels developed for road use, producing at 4,000 rpm.
|
|
42 Another governor on any design was the need to land tanks and other vehicles in less than approximately 2 ½ feet of water.Ladd, 1976, p.42 Design work began at Thornycrofts in May 1938 with trials completing in February 1940. Although early LCM(1)s were powered by two Thornycroft 60 bhp petrol engines, the majority were powered by Chrysler, in- line, 6-cylinder Crown petrol engines, each developing 60 bhp at 3,200rpm (later units increased to 115 bhp at the same rpm).
|
|
However, the Focus was never built in Britain. 1998 also saw the launch of the Probe's replacement: the Cougar. Like its predecessor, the Cougar was built in America and used 2.0 and 2.5 petrol engines.
|
|
In modern engines, power output is controlled by throttling the flow of the air through the intake by means of a butterfly valve; the only exception to this being in diesels and Valvetronic petrol engines.
|
|
The Panda is assembled in Sri Lanka by Micro Cars from complete knock down kits. It is a small city car sold with a choice of petrol engines. A 1.3 Cross version is also sold.
|
|
The two groups of emissions standards for heavy duty vehicles each have different appropriate test requirements. Steady-state testing is used for diesel engines only, while transient testing applies to both diesel and petrol engines.
|
|
Unlike the North American version, a hatchback was offered; engines offered were 1.4 L, 1.6 L and 2.0 L petrol engines; a diesel was available in Europe. Some were sold in the Republic of Ireland.
|
|
93 The engine line at Solihull closed in 2007 when Land Rover began using Ford and Jaguar engines built at Dagenham (diesel engines) and Bridgend (petrol engines). Some Land Rover engines have also been used in cars, vans and boats. This article only covers engines developed and produced specifically for Land Rover vehicles. It does not cover engines developed outside the company but used in its products, such as the Rover V8, the Rover IOE petrol engines or the current range of Ford/Jaguar-derived engines.
|
|
Renault launched its R19 range, a three- and five- door hatchback aimed to compete with cars such as the Ford Escort and Volkswagen Golf. It succeeded the R9 and R11 ranges, and was powered by 1.4 and 1.7 petrol engines as well as a 1.9 diesel. Peugeot launched the 605 range, a four-door saloon with 2.0 four-cylinder and 2.9 V6 petrol engines as well as a 2.1 turbo-diesel. Citroen replaced its CX range with the XM featuring self-levelling oleo-pneumatic suspension.
|
|
The EA827 family of petrol engines was initially developed by Audi under Ludwig Kraus leadership and introduced in 1972 by the B1-series Audi 80, and went on to power many Volkswagen Group models. This is a very robust water- cooled engine configuration for four- up to eight- cylinders, and is still in production. In Brasil this engine is produced under name AP (Alta Performance, "high performance"). The EA827 is also the base for diesel engines, which share its cylinder spacing with the spark ignition petrol engines.
|
|
Four-stroking is less likely with compression ignition engines (i.e. diesel engines) than it is with spark-ignition engines (i.e. petrol engines). Diesel engines are also rare as the small two-strokes where inertial scavenging is used.
|
|
The high reliability, ease of driveability and excellent fuel efficiency of such an engine allows the taxis to carry many people for a lower cost than might otherwise be incurred through the use of conventional petrol engines.
|
|
These first vehicles had a very rounded turret, in a deliberate imitation of the Soviet T-54, and Sofam petrol engines. Another seven, with an improved sleeker turret cast, were manufactured between 1961 and 1963.Ogorkiewicz, p.
|
|
Petrol engines use spark ignition and high voltage current for the spark may be provided by a magneto or an ignition coil. In modern car engines the ignition timing is managed by an electronic Engine Control Unit.
|
|
All petrol engines were fuel injected and were fitted with three way catalytic converters, as required in Europe after 1993 for engines of all sizes. The Safrane was also the first Renault to be equipped with airbags.
|
|
The BMW 3 Series Compact is a 3-door hatchback version of the BMW 3 Series, which was produced from 1993 through 2004. Initially based on the E36 platform, it switched to the E46 platform in 2001. The launch models were powered by four-cylinder petrol engines, with the range expanded over the years to include a four-cylinder compressed natural gas engine, four-cylinder diesel engines and six-cylinder petrol engines. Unlike most hatchback competitors, the 3 Series Compact uses rear-wheel drive (instead of front- wheel drive).
|
|
As of 1 April 2020, the Seltos sales crossed the 80,000 mark in India. Three engines were offered in India, two being petrol engines and one diesel engine. The petrol engines are the 1.5-litre naturally aspirated engine that makes paired with 6-speed manual transmission or IVT, and a 1.4-liter Kappa turbo engine that produces paired with 6-speed manual transmission or a 7-speed DCT. The diesel engine is a 1.5-litre U-Line unit that produces paired with 6-speed manual transmission or 6-speed torque converter automatic.
|
|
He was apprenticed to the Great Western Railway at Swindon Works and became a locomotive engineer but Searle soon recognized that the new petrol engines offering a higher power-to-weight ratio would be better than steam power.
|
|
This provides improved vaporization from the surface of the fuel droplets, and so more efficient combining of atmospheric oxygen with vaporized fuel delivering more complete combustion. In petrol engines, it is used in gasoline direct injection engine technology.
|
|
All were propelled underwater by battery-powered electric motors and on the surface by shaft- drive Wolseley petrol engines of (A1), (A2-A4) or (A5-A12). A13 had an experimental Vickers diesel engine, which proved to be unreliable.
|
|
Especially as a 4WD hatchback, the SX4 occupies a specific market niche of mini SUVs. Depending on the market, it was available with petrol engines in the 1.5- to 2.0-litre range, and Fiat's 1.3- to 2.0-litre diesels.
|
|
LCT 7074 was one of 235 Mark III LCTs. The vessel was built by Hawthorn Leslie and powered by American Sterling Admiral petrol engines. Launched on 30 March 1944, the vessel was commissioned into the Royal Navy shortly afterwards.
|
|
There are two four-cylinder petrol engines options available for the Enranger 737, including a 1.5 liter producing 120 hp and a 1.5 liter turbo producing 150 hp, both engines mated to a five-speed manual gearbox or a CVT.
|
|
The Avensis offers three petrol and four diesel engine options. Petrol engines are sourced from Toyota's Deeside Engine Plant. The new engines feature more power and lower emissions. The new ZR engines became the first to introduce Toyota's Valvematic technology.
|
|
Depending on the market, there are two petrol engines and three diesel engines offered, with power outputs ranging from 90 to 130 bhp. Only the mid range engine is suitable to be matched with the dual clutch six speed transmission.
|
|
Jaguar X-Type estate (2008 facelift) The X-Type facelift debuted at the 2007 Canary Wharf Motorexpo and went on sale internationally during 2008, with United Kingdom sales from March. The facelift featured revised front and rear fascias, new door mirrors with integrated turn indicator repeaters, the choice of a 2.2 litre diesel with particulate filter, and a new six speed automatic transmission with Jaguar Sequential Shift. The range continued to offer the 2.0 litre diesel, and two V6 petrol engines; 2.5 and 3.0 litre. In some European markets, the petrol engines were no longer marketed.
|
|
The petrol engines were, at launch, the 2.1-litre Renault Étendard 671, with a maximum power output of . In 1968, it was replaced by the 2.6-litre 817 with a power output of at 3,600 rpm and a torque of at 2,000 rpm.
|
|
The estate offered a Cd of 0.32 in standard form and 0.33 in Sport trim. Engines included either of two V6 petrol engines: 2.5 litre or 3.0 litre. In 2002, an entry level 2.1 litre V6 front wheel drive model was added.
|
|
Ethanol fuel appeared in 1980 in a modified Porsche 911, leading to a class win. Alternative biological fuel sources returned again in with Team Nasamax's DM139-Judd. In 2008, biofuels (10% ethanol for petrol engines and biodiesel for diesel engines) were allowed.
|
|
1991-2006 Peugeot J9 facelift When first introduced, the J9 had 1.6 or 2.0 litre petrol engines, or the familiar Indenor diesel engines of 2.1 or 2.3 litres. Late in the French production run, the 2.5 litre diesel engine also became available.
|
|
On the domestic Japanese market the Levorg is available with two DOHC flat-four petrol engines, both turbocharged, intercooled and direct injected: a , FB16 1.6 L and a , FA20 2.0 L. The two are coupled to a Lineartronic continuously variable transmission and four-wheel-drive.
|
|
In 2009, the Bravo got a new "eco" variant of the Multijet diesel. In June 2010, two petrol engines were updated, the 1.4 T-Jet is fitted with the new Multiair technology, and the base 1.4 T-Jet was also updated to Euro 5 specification.
|
|
As the fuel injection (diesel engines) or spark ignition (petrol engines) is usually timed from the crank sensor position signal, failing sensor will cause an engine not to start or will cut out while running. Engine speed indicator takes speed indication also from this sensor.
|
|
Jetronic is a trade name of a fuel injection technology for automotive petrol engines, developed and marketed by Robert Bosch GmbH from the 1960s onwards. Bosch licensed the concept to many automobile manufacturers. There are several variations of the technology offering technological development and refinement.
|
|
While early railcars were propelled by steam and petrol engines, modern railcars are usually propelled by a diesel engine mounted underneath the floor of the coach. Diesel railcars may have mechanical (fluid coupling and gearbox), hydraulic (torque converter) or electric (generator and traction motors) transmission.
|
|
The company was founded by Francesco Cassani in 1932. SPICA fuel injection systems were used in diesel and petrol engines. In 1941 Alfa Romeo took control of the company. Later the company also produced spark plugs, shock absorbers, oil pumps and other automobile parts.
|
|
In this article, the terms Otto cycle engine and Diesel cycle engine are used to differentiate between a traditional petrol engine and a traditional Diesel engine. This is because the original Unimog does not only have a Diesel engine that can burn petrol (precombustion chamber design), but also used to require petrol as a fuel additive in winter to prevent the fuel from gelling. Furthermore, many German military vehicles (such as the Unimog S) have petrol engines, but several military petrol engines use the Diesel principle. Daimler-Benz designed a new frame for it, but it still shares its drivetrain with the 411-series.
|
|
Powering the SV is a range of petrol and diesel engines, all of which incorporate Stop/Start and battery regeneration systems. There are two turbocharged 1.2-litre petrol engines with 85 and 110 PS; two 1.4-litre turbocharged petrol engines with 125 and 150 PS; and three turbodiesels: a 2.0-litre 150 PS, a 1.6-litre 90 PS and a 1.6-litre 110 PS. When fitted in the Golf SV BlueMotion, this last engine is expected to return fuel economy of 76.3 mpg and emit 95 g/km of CO2. All engines apart from the 1.2-litre TSI 85 PS can be ordered with a DSG gearbox.
|
|
New 1.3 12v, 1.5 12v, and 1.6 16v petrol engines were available. In 2004 in Malaysia, the Satria Special Edition was launched. Three variants were offered: 1.3 GL M/T, 1.5 GL M/T and 1.5 GL A/T. No mechanical change compared to regular Satria's.
|
|
The ignition system of an internal combustion engines depends on the type of engine and the fuel used. Petrol engines are typically ignited by a precisely timed spark, and diesel engines by compression heating. Historically, outside flame and hot-tube systems were used, see hot bulb engine.
|
|
The cylinder head was adapted to use unleaded fuel. As before, the engine was smooth and refined, and provided the Land Rover with adequate road performance.Robson, 2003, p.88 However, as fuel prices rose and diesel engines improved sales of the petrol engines fell, especially in Europe.
|
|
The Rover 400 Series saloon would launch in April 1990, effectively replacing the saloon version of the previous 200 Series. The 200 Series was powered by a range of new K-Series petrol engines ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 litres. There was also a 1.8 turbo-diesel.
|
|
In the mid 1960s the petrol engines in the first ten boats were replaced by Parsons Penguin diesels (as were a couple of the Ferry engined boats). Only one single-engined boat, ON 832, was re-engined with a diesel engine, a Parsons Porbeagle of 47 hp.
|
|
Power plant consisted of three Isotta Fraschini petrol engines powering 2 shafts, generating 3,450 hp which gave her a top speed of 40 knots. She had a crew of up to 12.Robert Gardiner, Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946, Naval Institute Press, 1980, p.
|
|
There are two versions of six- speed automatic transmission: GM 6T40 for the 2.0 and 2.5-litre petrol engines and GM 6T45 for the 2.0-litre diesel engine. At the same time, Daewoo also revised rear portion of the car, changing the rear combination lamp and rear bumper.
|
|
At launch the car was equipped with two four-cylinder petrol engines from the Acteco family developed by Chery and AVL. The 1.0 16V and 1.3 16V. The gearbox was five-speed manual or optional 5-speed semi-automatic on the 1.3. The interior was characterized by central instrumentation.
|
|
In 1915, the "Società Anonima Ercole Marelli" started the first Italian experiments in the field of magnetos for petrol engines. In 1916, Ercole Marelli registered the first patent related to magnetos, perfecting the innovation in 1917, and then again with a "complete" patent towards the end of 1918.
|
|
By this time, there were three engines: two 1.7-litre petrol engines of 37 kW (with low compression) and 42 kW (with high compression), and a small diesel engine (31 kW), with a four-speed manual transmission and no automatic available. The last Spacevan was built in 1983.
|
|
Lawrence lodged in the village from 1931–2, in Myrtle Cottage at the junction of St John Street and Shore Road. The tenders were initially powered by twin 100bhp Meadows petrol engines giving a maximum speed of 29 knots, with some later versions fitted with Perkins S6M diesels.
|
|
1916 Dennis N-type W & P made high speed petrol engines for many motor manufacturers but most of their large engines were for Dennis Brothers Limited who became their largest customer. By the outbreak of war some kind of fusion of interests was being considered by the two boards.
|
|
The MK2 was the last version of the Golf to feature carburettor petrol engines, as all versions of the MK3 came with fuel injection from its launch, to meet requirements that all new cars sold in the EEC after 1992 must be fitted with a catalytic converter or fuel injection.
|
|
Roberts, p.28. They were capable of carrying tanks, troops, and loaded trucks ashore in very shallow water. Watertight compartments in the hull construction enabled these boats to take a great deal of punishment without losing buoyancy. The two Gray Marine 6-cylinder, 330 cubic inch, petrol engines each generated .
|
|
During the 1930s, the Leyland 8.6-litre diesel engine became more common in bus and then coach Tigers and by the end of the decade, very few operators were taking full-sized Leyland buses or coaches with petrol engines. Leyland did not offer a full-size petrol engine after the war.
|
|
The first models were powered by Ford Trader 510E six-cylinder, 108-hp diesels. In addition, two Bedford petrol engines were used: 3.52-litre Bedford J4 and 4.9-litre Bedford D4 of which latter were only produced three units. Two units were powered by Leyland 0.375 and one by Leyland 0.400.
|
|
Wreck near Hiiumaa. Initially the boat was to use petrol engines but these were replaced by safer diesels. The boat's design was a single hull/ saddle tank type with a diving depth of 25 fathoms (). Significant initial problems were experienced and the electric motor and propellers which needed to be replaced.
|
|
Modern AFVs have primarily used either petrol (gasoline) or diesel piston engines. More recently, gas turbines have been used. Most early AFVs used petrol engines, as they offer a good power-to- weight ratio. However, they fell out of favour during World War II due to the flammability of the fuel.
|
|
Some Bedford petrol engines were used in Defence Forces lorries in the 1960s and Ford V8 engines were used for fire engines.Mäkipirtti: Bensiinimoottorit 1948–1965. p. 22. The first diesel Vanajas were powered by Saurer and Kämper engines. The vast majority of diesel engines were supplied by Leyland and AEC.
|
|
In 2012, Lehr inc. introduced some small (<5hp) outboards based on modified Chinese petrol engines to run on propane gas. Tohatsu currently also produces propane powered models, all rated 5hp. Conversion of larger outboards to run on Liquified petroleum gas is considered unusual and exotic although some hobbyists continue to experiment.
|
|
Police checking a scooter in Shanghai. Sometimes phony LPG tanks are attached to scooters to skirt the law against petrol engines. A fuel gas-powered scooter is a scooter powered by fuel gas. Fuel gases include such fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), biogas and hydrogen (HICE).
|
|
The Fortuner was unveiled in Egypt in 2010 and launched in 2011. It is available in two trims with two petrol engines: the 4-litre V6 1GR-FE, and the 2.7-litre inline-four 2TR-FE. All have automatic transmission and 4×4. The car is assembled in Egypt at Arab American Vehicles.
|
|
A screamer pipe is a type of exhaust configuration fitted to some automotive turbocharged petrol engines with an external wastegate set-up, which vents the waste exhaust to the atmosphere through a separate un-muffled pipe, rather than back into the main exhaust track. This exhaust setup is known for its loud noise.
|
|
In direct injection engines - such as diesels and later petrol engines - fuel is delivered to the chamber directly via the injector rather than through a valve. In carburetted engines and indirect- injection engines the fuel is mixed with the air outside of the cylinder and both enter together via the intake valve.
|
|
After signing an investment deal with the Welsh Development Agency, construction was started on the greenfield site in 1977. The plant began production in 1980, and specialised in producing high-efficiency petrol engines. Its first product was the CVH engine used in the then new third generation European Escort of that year.
|
|
They could be rowed conventionally or sculled.Tyne Foyboats and Foyboatmen, Newcastle 1979. During the second half of the 20th century, the triumph of small scale marine diesels or petrol engines ensured the end of the traditional Foyboat. Yards would however still use the outline in a motorised form and offer a "Foyboat".
|
|
All the petrol engines comply with the Euro 5 norm and the diesel engines have emissions of 99 g/km or lower. In addition to the four cylinder petrol engines carried over from the previous model, from September 2012, the 208 has been offered with two new three cylinder units with variable valve timing – the 1.0 VTi (68 hp) and 1.2 VTi (82 hp). The 1.0 comes with an advertised fuel consumption of , and a emissions value of 99 g/km. A 1.2 L three cylinder is available with a turbocharger designated as the PureTech 110 S&S; (available on the GT Line models and the allures) or without designated PureTech 82 S&S; (available on the active, VTi, or XS).
|
|
W16 petrol engine of the Bugatti Veyron Petrol engine (British English) or gasoline engine (American English) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels. In most petrol engines, the fuel and air are usually pre-mixed before compression (although some modern petrol engines now use cylinder-direct petrol injection). The pre-mixing was formerly done in a carburetor, but now it is done by electronically controlled fuel injection, except in small engines where the cost/complication of electronics does not justify the added engine efficiency. The process differs from a diesel engine in the method of mixing the fuel and air, and in using spark plugs to initiate the combustion process.
|
|
The straight four engine range includes 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 litre petrol engines as well as 1.6, 1.9 and 2.0 litre naturally aspirated and turbocharged diesels. In some countries, such as Portugal, the 1.5 litre TUD5 diesel engine was also available. The Xsara was 1998 Semperit Irish Car of the Year in Ireland.
|
|
It was powered by 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2 petrol engines, and was available as a four-door saloon. Honda's venture with Rover continued the following year with the launch of the 600 Series, which was based on the same bodyshell as the Accord but using Rover's own engines although neither would launch until 1993.
|
|
Before general vehicle registration was introduced Reid's personal car carried the number plate SD1 (Stratford District 1). He stopped working on the cars' development as he thought petrol engines were more likely. He sold two of the cars and kept one for himself. James Livingston of Patea owned one of the first Reid cars.
|
|
The F40 1 Series is also lighter due to increased use of aluminium. Petrol engines have a gasoline particulate filter, while diesel engines feature a diesel particulate filter and AdBlue selective catalytic reduction. All engines meet the Euro 6d-TEMP emissions standard. 118i, 116d, and 118d models come with 6-speed manual transmissions as standard.
|
|
The Industrial Electronics Division was established at Stafford. One of the products produced at this branch was the Igniscope, a revolutionary design of ignition tester for petrol engines. This was invented by Napiers and supplied as Type UED for military use during World War 2. After the war, it was marketed commercially as type ZWA.
|
|
There was an unusually large range of engines fitted over its lifetime, as nine different engine families were used. These consisted of four-cylinder, six-cylinder and V8 petrol engines, and six- cylinder diesel engines. The E34 M5 is powered by the S38 six-cylinder engine and was produced in sedan and wagon body styles.
|
|
The current and sixth-generation of the Quattroporte was introduced in early 2013. With a wheelbase it is a considerably larger vehicle than any of its predecessors, to set itself apart from the smaller Ghibli, which shares its underpinnings. Engine choice includes twin-turbocharged V6 and V8 petrol engines, as well as a turbodiesel V6.
|
|
The Vanaja lifting tandem system is operated by two powerful hydraulic cylinders mounted on both sides of the frame. The Vanaja petrol engines made by SAT and Tampella were outdated American engines built under licence. Customers wanted diesel engines, which were more powerful. The first Vanaja diesel models were powered by Kämper and Saurer engines.
|
|
Als in that year, two railcars with Renault-Scemia petrol engines entered service. RS1 was owned by VFIL, and RS2 was owned by the department. Both seated 25, with 15 standing. One of them was initially put into service on the Tv A-PA but by 1926 both were in use between Anvin and Fruges.
|
|
The D-class submarines were designed as improved and enlarged versions of the preceding C class, with diesel engines replacing the dangerous petrol engines used earlier. D3 and subsequent boats were slightly larger than the earlier boats. They had a length of overall, a beam of and a mean draught of . They displaced on the surface and submerged.
|
|
The D-class submarines were designed as improved and enlarged versions of the preceding C class, with diesel engines replacing the dangerous petrol engines used earlier. D3 and subsequent boats were slightly larger than the earlier boats. They had a length of overall, a beam of and a mean draught of . They displaced on the surface and submerged.
|
|
Henry Meadows, usually known simply as Meadows, of Wolverhampton, England were major suppliers of engines and transmissions to the smaller companies in the British motor industry. Founded in 1920 in Park Lane, Wolverhampton, as a car gearbox maker, they expanded into petrol engines in 1922 and in the 1930s built a large factory in Fallings Park, Wolverhampton.
|
|
Falcon head badge In the 1880s, Hotchkiss, Mayo & Meek Ltd was established in Coventry as a manufacturer of bicycles. In 1897, the company name was changed to Coventry- Eagle when John Meek left the company. , Classic Motor History. From 1898, like many bicycle manufacturers they began experimenting by adding small petrol-engines to their heavier bicycle frames.
|
|
A westbound Bermuda Railway train on one of the line's many coastal bridges, ca. 1940s, illustrating the line's construction and maintenance difficulties Rolling stock consisted of gasoline-powered passenger coaches built by Drewry Car Co. in England in 1929-1931, including eight self-propelled coaches powered by 120 h.p. petrol engines and six first class cars.Jones, Simon.
|
|
By the end of the year, demand for the new MG was outstripping supply. Vauxhall retired the Cavalier nameplate after 20 years, and adopted the name Vectra for its new large family car. An estate version would launch in late 1996. Power came from 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 16-valve petrol engines as well as a 2.0 turbo-diesel.
|
|
European Car of the Year for the 1996 model year was the Fiat Brava and Bravo. The Brava is a five-door "fastback", and the "Bravo" was a three-door hatchback. Both replaced the Tipo. Power came from 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 petrol engines, though only the Bravo gets the 2.0 engine in HGT V5 form.
|
|
Isuzu's first petrol engines were license built Hillman units for the locally assembled Minx, from 1953. Called the GH10 it has a bore of and a stroke of for a displacement of . Power is . In 1955 this was updated to the GH12, a square design with a 76.2 mm bore and stroke for a displacement of .
|
|
In Europe a hatchback version of the Cruze was due to launch in the second half of 2011, with 1.6L and 1.8L petrol engines, accompanied by a 161 bhp 2.0 diesel. As yet there is no official word on whether the 1.4 ecotec engine used in North America will make its way into the European model.
|
|
Power came from 1.6 L, 1.8 L, 2.0 L and 2.4 L petrol engines. There was also a three-door liftback version. For those who wanted high performance, European buyers finally got the Celica Supra, which came with a 2.8 L engine and was fast enough to be considered a serious competitor for the likes of the Porsche 924.
|
|
Lada facelifted its decade-old Fiat-based range of saloons and estates and renamed them "Riva". The car's technology remained unchanged, with power still coming from 1.2, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6 petrol engines. However, the Riva did not arrive on markets including the United Kingdom until 1983, with the original Lada continuing on those markets until then.
|
|
A completely removable stereo/cassette player was added as a new security measure. The 1.0 and 1.3 petrol engines were carried over from the original 1981 Polo, but there were two more powerful versions of the 1.3 - the "GT" and "G40". Sales began in the autumn of 1990. In 1991 launch was planned of the third generation Golf.
|
|
The Lada XRAY comes with a 1.6-liter 106 PS (78 kW) or 1.8-liter 122 PS (90 kW) petrol engines, a 5-speed automated manual gearbox is available as an option for the 1.8-liter version. The 1.6-liter Renault-Nissan HR16 petrol engine (110 HP, 81 kW) was discontinued from the range in July 2016.
|
|
Volkswagen launched the Passat in March. The Passat was available as a saloon and estate, starting with 1.6 petrol engines as well as a 1.9 turbo-diesel. For the first time in the Passat's 15-year history, there was no hatchback version. Volkswagen's other major launch of 1988 was the Corrado, a coupe which was to replace the Scirocco.
|
|
The Chrysler Hemi-6 engine is a family of inline six-cylinder petrol engines produced by Chrysler Australia in three piston displacements and multiple configurations. Hemi-6 engines were installed in Australian-market Chrysler Valiants from 1970 through 1981. It was also installed in the Valiants closely related variants, the Chrysler VIP, the Chrysler by Chrysler & the Valiant Charger.
|
|
BERU Group is a listed public company since October 1997. The company is the leading manufacturer of diesel cold start systems with an estimated worldwide market share of 40% for glow plugs. In the field of ignition technology for petrol engines, BERU is one of the four major manufacturers in Europe. BERU makes electronics for cars.
|
|
The boats measured in length overall, with a beam and a draught of . Fully loaded, they displaced . Main propulsion consisted of three Daimler-Benz 12-cylinder four-stroke petrol engines rated at , giving the boats a maximum speed of . A Maybach engine rated at was also installed for use when cruising, and the boats had a crew of sixteen.
|
|
The D-class submarines were designed as improved and enlarged versions of the preceding C class, with diesel engines replacing the dangerous petrol engines used earlier. D3 and subsequent boats were slightly larger than the earlier boats. They had a length of overall, a beam of and a mean draught of . They displaced on the surface and submerged.
|
|
The new 4-cylinder turbocharged M274 or M276 petrol engines are available, which are quick enough to get the E200L from 0-62 mph in 8.6s, E300L in 6.9s and E320L 4MATIC in a claimed 5.7s. This time the all new 9G-Tronic Transmission which focuses more on efficiency and smoother gear changes is standard across the whole range.
|
|
Vabis was the abbreviation and later also trademark of Swedish railway car manufacturer Vagnfabriks Aktiebolaget i Södertelge, which translates Wagon Factory Limited Company of Södertälje, established in 1891 in Södertälje. Vabis also manufactured petrol engines, automobiles, trucks, motor-powered draisines, motorboats and marine engines. The company was in 1911 merged with Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania, to form Scania-Vabis.
|
|
They used two Thornycroft petrol engines driving two propeller shafts. The engines were rated at , and were designed to reach a top speed of , although a speed of was achieved during sea trials in 1927. They carried of fuel. They were equipped with two torpedo tubes, two Lewis machine guns and up to four depth charges.
|
|
The Fortuner went on sale in Russia in October 2017. The Fortuner sold in Russia is only available in 4×4 with 2.8-litre turbo-diesel and 2.7-litre petrol engines, with either five-speed manual or six-speed automatic gearbox. Four trim choices are offered: Standard, Comfort, Elegance and Prestige. Fortuners sold in the Russian market are imported from Thailand.
|
|
KSUS project was in two variants, assuming the usage of 75 mm anti-aircraft gun and 35 mm armor. There were also two turrets at the front of the vehicle equipped with heavy machine guns and one heavy machine gun in the main turret. Weight of the tank was 22 tonnes. The drive consisted of two petrol engines of 300 hp each.
|
|
These newly developed generation of modern petrol engines are manufactured at the Škoda Auto plant in Mladá Boleslav. ;identification: EA211 engine family. Turbocharged and direct-injection TSI engines with a four-cylinder, four-valve layout and belt driven camshafts. ;1.2 TSI 66 kW:The entry-level petrol engine. Turbocharging produces a maximum torque of 160 Nm (at 1,400 to 3,500 rpm).
|
|
Spark-ignition engines are commonly referred to as "gasoline engines" in North America, and "petrol engines" in Britain and the rest of the world. However, these terms are not preferred, since spark-ignition engines can (and increasingly are) run on fuels other than petrol/gasoline, such as autogas (LPG), methanol, ethanol, bioethanol, compressed natural gas (CNG), hydrogen, and (in drag racing) nitromethane.
|
|
Engine choices varied considerably depending on the local market. Most were based on 827 engines of the era. Choices in petrol engines ranged from a 1.1 litre four-cylinder engine producing , to a 1.8-litre I4 which made and of torque. Some cars were equipped with carburetors, while others were fuel-injected using K or KE Jetronic supplied by Robert Bosch GmbH.
|
|
Citroën C4 Cactus Exclusive (Australia) Interior Production started in April 2014 at PSA's factory in Villaverde, Madrid. Sales commenced in France in June 2014. It is a five door SUV in Touch, Feel and Flair trim levels, and is powered by 1.2 L inline-three petrol engines and 1.6 L inline-four diesel engines.Catalogue de la Revue Automobile 2014 p. 180.
|
|
In 1945, those Weitzer railmotors that still existed in Hungary, became property of Hungarian State Railway MÁV. Six of them were transferred to BHÉV (Budapesti Helyiérdekű Vasút / Budapest Commuter Railway) in 1960. It updated two of these railcars, exchanging the petrol engines for diesel engines, and hiding the radiators on the roofs by parapets. Another car was given to a museum.
|
|
Beaching draught was , and propulsion was provided by a pair of Hudson Invader petrol engines, later replaced with Grays diesels, both sets providing , giving a speed of . The main requirement of the design was to carry a 40-ton Churchill tank or bulldozer at . 140 had been completed when the war ended, and some saw service through to the 1970s.
|
|
Ford launched a new, fifth generation Escort in September 1990, ten years after the last new model was launched. The new Escort was available with 1.3, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 petrol engines as well as a 1.8 diesel. Other models had extras including electric windows, power steering, anti-lock brakes and central locking. There was also a saloon version, the Orion.
|
|
The Ferrari F154 is a family of modular twin-turbocharged, direct injected V8 petrol engines designed and produced by Ferrari since 2013. It is a replacement for the naturally aspirated Ferrari/Maserati F136 V8 family on both Maserati and Ferrari cars. They are the first turbocharged Ferrari road engines since the 1987 2.9-litre F120A V8 of the Ferrari F40.
|
|
Many other types of products were produced, including gas and petrol engines, boilers, food-preparing machinery, stable furnishings, garden furniture, ornamental gates and railings. There are still public houses in Leeds with Thomas Green cast iron tables. The firm also made about 50 portable electric lighting sets between 1895 and 1901 chiefly for showmen. The info we have (Edward & Anne Silcock collection).
|
|
The Miami class rescue boats were wooden-hulled, and powered by two Hall-Scott Defender petrol engines giving a top speed of 31.5 knots. They were armed with two twin .50 calibre M2 Browning machine guns mounted either side of the bridge. The crew comprised one officer in command, a coxswain, two engineers, two seamen and one or two radio operators.
|
|
This new design of motor lifeboat was a radical departure from previous RNLI rescue boats. It was nearly long with a beam of close to . The William and Kate Johnston was pushed through the water with twin propellers which were housed in tunnels. To drive these propellers there were two new D.E. six-cylinder submersible petrol engines of 80 horsepower.
|
|
But the Escort remained on sale for another two years. Power came from 16-valve 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 Zetec petrol engines as well as a 1.8 turbo-diesel. Ford ends production of the Scorpio after 4 years without a successor as buyers struggled to warm to its controversial styling. Jaguar launched a smaller, lower priced model - the S-Type.
|
|
Petrol engines often use simple fuel systems consisting of a float-type carburetor with a fuel tank located above it (so that the fuel is delivered by gravity, avoiding the need for a fuel pump). Sometimes, the fuel tank is located below the carburettor and fuel is delivered using engine vacuum or crankcase pressure pulsations. Diesel engines use fuel injection.
|
|
The Miami class rescue boats were wooden-hulled, and powered by two Hall-Scott Defender petrol engines giving a top speed of 31.5 knots. They were armed with two twin .50 calibre M2 Browning machine guns mounted either side of the bridge. The crew comprised one officer in command, a coxswain, two engineers, two seamen and one or two radio operators.
|
|
The 405 range included three petrol engines and two diesel engines, all four cylinders, in a variety of states of tune and specification. The range was tailored to suit different export markets. The 1.6 litre saloon featured a low drag co efficient of , with other models varying up to . The 1.4 litre (1,360 cc) engine was fitted with a four speed manual gearbox.
|
|
The twelfth generation Corolla Hatchback is built in the UK and features a 2-litre, Dynamic Force Hybrid drivetrain along with a less powerful 1.8-litre, drivetrain. Standard petrol engines are also available, one of them would be a 1.2-litre turbocharged engine. However, diesel engines would not be used. Production of the European market Corolla Hatchback began on 14 January 2019.
|
|
In 1917 Thornycroft produced an enlarged overall version. This allowed a heavier payload, and now two torpedoes could be carried. A mixed warload of a single torpedo and four depth charges could also be carried, the depth charges released from individual cradles over the sides, rather than a stern ramp. Speeds from were possible, depending on the various petrol engines fitted.
|
|
Perkins headquarters in Peterborough Perkins Engines Company Limited, a subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc, is primarily a diesel engine manufacturer for several markets including agricultural, construction, material handling, power generation and industrial. It was established in Peterborough, England, in 1932. Over the years Perkins has expanded its engine ranges and produces thousands of different engine specifications including diesel and petrol engines.
|
|
The Rolls-Royce B range was a range of petrol engines first intended to be installed in a car but in 1943 developed into a range to power the British Army's wheeled vehicles.Rolls-Royce Motors Holdings Limited. The Times, Monday, May 07, 1973; pg. 23; Issue 58775 The Alvis Saladin and Rolls-Royce Phantom IV were fitted with 8-cylinder versions.
|
|
Auto Rickshaws are a common mode of transport for short routes within the city. Many of the new rickshaws in the city use Compressed natural gas (CNG) instead of the petrol engines as CNG is environmentally clean and cheaper than petrol. Rickshaws are another important mode of transportation. The older horse drawn tongas are now defunct although some can still be privately commissioned.
|
|
The T200 is the facelifted version of the Zotye 5008, adding also a new interior design. It was launched in April 2013, and is powered by a range of a 1.3-litre and a 1.5-litre petrol engines, with four valves per cylinder and variable valve timing, reportedly sourced from Mitsubishi, which are able to develop between and between of torque. Production ended in 2016.
|
|
In April 1977 the 2D engine was thoroughly overhauled, to further increase reliability over the earlier, somewhat troublesome Toyota diesels. Petrol-engined Toyota FA100 fire engine in Thailand. In many markets, petrol engines were reserved for such applications where quick starting and strong performance were essential. Japanese production of the second generation DA/FA ended in 1978 in favor of subsidiary brand Hino Motors.
|
|
1.4 T-Jet engine The Bravo was powered by three different petrol and three diesel engines. 'T-Jet' is the name of the new range of turbocharged petrol engines. Some models of the T-Jet version have a Sport button to give an "overboost" function. At the end of 2007, the new 1.6 L Multijet diesel engine was launched, and a more powerful version in spring 2008.
|
|
Their frames were of "strengthened" wood, and only the boiler under the "hood". Petrol engines were first tried in 1900. Miesse gained fame in Brussels with the taxi cabs they started producing in 1904. Post-WW1 cars from Miesse had undersquare engines (69 mm × 130 mm), either a 4-cylinder of 2.0 litres or an 8-cylinder 4-litre; both models had many components in common.
|
|
Diesel engines use higher compression ratios than petrol engines, because the lack of a spark plug means that the compression ratio must increase the temperature of the air in the cylinder sufficiently to ignite the diesel using compression ignition. Compression ratios are often between 14∶1 and 23∶1 for direct injection diesel engines, and between 18∶1 and 23∶1 for indirect injection diesel engines.
|
|
The most durable 505 model proved to be the GTD with a five-speed manual transmission. In Australia, the 505 was sold as a GR, SR, STi, or GTi sedan, or an SR or GTi eight-seater station wagon, all with petrol engines. Very few GRD and SRD diesel-engined 505s were sold in Australia. The Series II update saw the SR replaced with an SLi.
|
|
Most vehicles were equipped with a petrol engine. The type designation LO (Luftgekühlter Ottomotor, German for air-cooled petrol engine) led to the nickname Ello which became the popular designation for all Robur trucks, as it is impossible to differentiate between the diesel and petrol engines from the outside. The vehicles were modified for a number of different purposes, e.g. a mobile pharmacy, fire engines and dumpers.
|
|
He returned to Tours following the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. Delahaye married in 1873. In 1879, he took over the Brethon Foundry and Machine-works, a business specializing in manufacturing brick kilns and related equipment for the ceramics trade. Delahaye experimented with steam and internal combustion engines, eventually converting part of the company's production to manufacturing stationary petrol engines.
|
|
Volkswagen Lavida III (rear) Volkswagen Gran Lavida 2018 (front) Volkswagen Gran Lavida 2018 (rear) The third generation Lavida was launched at Auto China 2018 in Beijing, and is based on the Volkswagen Group MQB platform. At launch, it was equipped with two engine options: 1.5-litre or 1.4-litre TSI petrol engines. It also received an extended 78 mm wheelbase compared to the previous generation.
|
|
Television display and audio set was optional. Petrol engines included the 2.7 L (2693 cc) 3RZ-FE and, new in Prado models, the 3.4 L (3378 cc) V6 5VZ-FE. Diesel engines were the 2.8 L (2776 cc) 3L engine, the 3.0 L (2986 cc) 5L engine and the 3.0 L (2982 cc) 1KZ-TE. There was also a luxury version of the J90, called the Challenger.
|
|
The second generation C-Class was introduced in March 2000. The sedan debuted with a range of inline-four and V6 petrol engines and inline-four and -five diesels, later W203's received the V6 diesel. Most of the engines were carried over from the W202, but the C320 was exclusive, offering . The diesels now featured common rail direct fuel injection and variable geometry turbochargers.
|
|
Based on the Fiat 147 was a saloon called the Fiat Oggi and an estate called the Fiat Panorama. The Panorama arrived first, in April 1980, originally with either the 1.05 or the 1.3 L petrol engines. The Oggi first appeared in the spring of 1983, just after the introduction of the second facelift. There were also van and pick-up versions available, sold as the Fiorino.
|
|
At the time of the original launch, only petrol engines were available. In April 1990, the turbodiesel followed, and then the naturally aspirated diesel was added in autumn 1990. High equipment levels, a luxurious interior, a smooth ride, and exceptional handling were strong points for the 605. But Peugeot had always struggled to succeed with large cars outside France, and the 605 was no different.
|
|
The second generation C-Class was unveiled on March 21, 2000, going on sale starting in September 2000. The sedan debuted with a range of inline-four and V6 petrol engines and inline- four and -five diesels. Most of the engines were carried over from the W202, but the C 320 was exclusive, offering . The diesels now featured common rail direct fuel injection and variable geometry turbochargers.
|
|
The first generation of 5 Series was powered by naturally aspirated four-cylinder and six-cylinder petrol engines. Following generations have been powered by four- cylinder, six-cylinder, V8 and V10 engines that are either naturally aspirated or turbocharged. Since 1982, diesel engines have been included in the 5 Series range. The 5 Series is BMW's second best-selling model after the 3 Series.
|
|
1903 Petrol Electric Autocar. In 1903 the North Eastern Railway built two experimental railcars at their carriage works in York. These were powered by petrol engines which generated electricity for two traction motors which were mounted on the bogie underneath. This means of powering a railway vehicle was pioneering and would eventually be developed into the diesel-electric technology that powered and powers many locomotives worldwide.
|
|
The B57 belongs to a family of modular engines, including the B37 and B47 diesel engines, and B38, B48, and B58 petrol engines. The engines utilise a common displacement of per cylinder. The B57 replaced the previous N57 diesel engine, and was first introduced in the G11 7 Series. The B57 is available in configurations of up to 4 turbochargers, that operate in a double-series layout.
|
|
Two facelifts was carried out during the vehicle's production run. The first version (Phase 1) was built from the middle of 1985 until the summer of 1991. Renault first offered a panel van with a 1600cc diesel engine (40 kW/54 hp), while the petrol engines came from the Renault 5. In the summer of 1991, a revision was carried out for Phase 2.
|
|
Dodge Viper engine A V10 engine is a ten-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V10 engines are much less common than V8 and V12 engines. Several V10 diesel engines have been produced since 1965, and V10 petrol engines for road cars were first produced in 1991 with the release of the Dodge Viper.
|
|
The boats had an open aft cockpit with a shelter ahead of it. The engines were in separate watertight engines rooms with exhaust taken up two side by side funnels amidships. There were fore and aft survivor cabins below deck. The boats were powered by two RNLI designed 80 bhp DE6 6-cylinder petrol engines, three built by Weyburn Engineering and the other by J. Samuel White.
|
|
Citroen entered the compact MPV market with the Citroen Xsara Picasso powered by 1.6 and 1.8 petrol engines as well as a direct injection 2.0 diesel. European sales began in December 1999 while UK sales started in June 2000. A facelifted Saxo range would launch in the Autumn. Peugeot replaced the 605 executive saloon with the 607 while the 406 receives a facelift in the Spring.
|
|
During World War 2, to conserve fuel, gas producer units were fitted to six vehicles. Five of these six were destroyed when fire spread to the vehicle. Beginning in 1945, a programme began to replace the petrol engines with 6-cylinder GM Detroit Diesel 71 Series engines and Twin Disc 3-position hydraulic transmissions. It was also at this time that multiple unit controls were fitted.
|
|
The petrol engine commonly known as Isuzu 1.8 Petrol would later serve in the Hindustan Ambassador with Multi Point Fuel Injection until 2015. Initially the joint venture produced 4-cylinder G180Z 1.8L petrol engines and 5-speed transmissions. Later, an 2.0L Isuzu diesel engine was added to the production line to power the Contessa and the Ambassador. The technical collaboration lasted from 1983 to 1993.
|
|
The first generation Isuzu Fargo was introduced in December 1980 with a 1.6 and 1.8 litre petrol engines, and a 1.8 litre diesel engine. A 2.0 litre diesel was also available, but originally only in the Wagon version. The commercial (van) version gained this option beginning in August 1981. Designed very much in the mould of contemporary Japanese vehicles of the time, it featured an underfloor engine.
|
|
Many detail changes were made over the years, and a major change from JAP petrol engines to Lister's own diesel engines. The bearing ring was moved above the chassis members and no longer enclosed. This gave better access for greasing and adjusting the rollers. Late vehicles had diesel engines, the Lister single cylinder LD1 or twin cylinder LD2 engines of 3.5 or 7 bhp @ 1800 rpm.
|
|
Kia Enterprise Kia Enterprise rear The Kia Enterprise is a sedan built by Kia Motors, based on the Mazda Sentia. It was made available for sale in 1998. It was powered by one of three Mazda-sourced petrol engines of 2.5, 3.0, or 3.6 litres. As before, Kia's full-size sedan was based on a Mazda platform and its predecessor was called the Kia Potentia.
|
|
A face lifted Maserati Ghibli and hybrid version was unveiled online on 16 July 2020. The hybrid version of the Ghibli features a 2.0L turbocharged 4 cylinder petrol engines, with a 48 volt electric supercharger and supported by a battery. The electric supercharger has been named "e-Booster". The battery is mounted in the rear of the car, which Maserati claims benefits the weight distribution.
|
|
The GTC2 class allows for production racing cars only, also with 2-litre turbocharged petrol engines, but instead capped to 281 bhp. The cars have to be front-wheel drive and must keep their factory engines, gearboxes and dashboards. Limited- slip differentials are permitted in order to aid traction. They use steel tube roll cages built by South African ex-racing driver Etienne van der Linde.
|
|
In 1898, Sydney cycle firm, Gavin Gibson Ltd, imported seven motorised tricycles produced by Count Jules-Albert de Dion and powered by one cylinder petrol engines designed by his partner Georges Bouton. On the evening of 1 January 1901, these seven machines raced around the concrete cycle track which ringed the inside of the SCG in those days to compete in Australia's first ever motor race.
|
|
An Eland-60 or Eland-90 was delegated to lead each convoy, with the other drivers continuing in its tracks. However, it soon became clear this practice was not an effective countermeasure. The armoured cars' petrol engines were vulnerable to the risk of fire whenever they detonated a mine. PLAN also responded by acquiring anti-tank mines, namely Soviet TM-46s, in large quantities.
|
|
The 400 Class power cars followed the same general lines as the Silver City Comet powers vans, although they were slightly shorter in length at . They were fitted with two underfloor Leyland Diesel in-line six-cylinder, petrol engines coupled to Leyland Lysholm-Smith hydraulic transmissions. This was a repeat of the installation used in the earlier Rail Motor No.38. No multiple unit capability was provided.
|
|
All engines come with a 6-speed manual transmission, while the petrol engines get in addition to that a 5-speed automatic transmission. Dimensionally, the Accord has become longer, wider, and lower for a sleek, sporty look, along with sharper body lines and slightly redesigned headlights. Honda has built the Accord on its new ACE body structure, available with a host of new safety features.
|
|
With the growth in motoring and the use of petrol engines there was a call for an extinguisher especially designed for fighting petrol fires. In 1911 Read and Campbell took out patent rights in Argentina on their 'Petrolex' extinguisher. This was a carbon tetrachloride extinguisher operated by a CO2 cartridge. The Royal Automobile Club conducted tests on the 'Petrolex' which passed with flying colours.
|
|
On either side of the passenger compartment are side sponsons, which contain the vehicle's drive train. The drive train consists of twin GMC Model 302 6-cylinder inline petrol engines, each developing 146 hp at 3600 rpm. Both engines were directly connected to a Hydramatic model 301MG transmission (early models used 300MG) with four forward speeds and one reverse. Steering is through controlled differential via steering levers at the drivers station.
|
|
The EA211 engines are a completely new four-cylinder turbocharged and direct-injection TSI engines. Compared to its predecessor, the EA211 series is significantly more compact, with installation length shorter, thus offering more interior space. The installation position of the engines has also been optimised. Just as in the diesels, the petrol engines are now mounted with the exhaust side facing backwards and tilted at an angle of 12 degrees.
|
|
Volvo launched its new S40 saloon and V40 estate ranges. Power came from four- cylinder 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 and 2.4 petrol engines. The new "S" and "V" initials denoted a new branding method for the Volvo range, showing the difference between saloon and estate bodystyles. The 850 nameplate was planned for use in a later redesign, which was expected to be a coupe version with the "C" initial.
|
|
The initial engine range had 1.0, 1.1 and 1.4 petrol engines, as well as a 1.5 diesel. The early 1.0 and 1.1s were carburetted, but were replaced with fuel injection after a year due to EC emissions requirements. The 106's successor, the Peugeot 107, along with rebadged versions, Citroën C1 and Toyota Aygo, was launched two years later in June 2005, as a joint venture with Toyota.
|
|
She was built in 1931 by Thornycrofts of Southampton, as a twin petrol-engined wooden carvel-built motor yacht. Campbell sold her after three years, as his motor-racing experience made him wary of the fire risks of petrol engines aboard. He was also highly superstitious and believed a gypsy warning that, "his death would come from the water". In hindsight, this may have applied more to his son Donald.
|
|
All diesel engines are now equipped with Ad-Blue and all petrol engines with a particle filter. Volvo has been developing a major update for all its engines since 2017. It is code- named VEA GEN3 (with VEP GEN3 and VED GEN3 respectively) and part of Volvo's effort to hybridize all of its engines. The MHEV variants will have a 48V network separate from the high-voltage battery system.
|
|
X164 GL-Class The X164 GL-Class debuted at the 2006 North American International Auto Show. It was released around the same time as the similarly sized Audi Q7, and was the first full-size, 7-seater SUV produced by a German automaker. The range of engines consist of V8 petrol engines, and turbocharged V6 and V8 diesel engines. All models are available only in all-wheel drive (4MATIC) configuration.
|
|
Upon going on sale, the Spark took over from the Matiz, which had been badged as a Chevrolet in recent years, and available in 1.0- and 1.2-litre variants. The underpinnings made it a sister car to the Opel/Suzuki joint venture which produced the Suzuki Splash and latest generation Opel Agila. These cars supplemented the petrol engines available in the Spark with a GM 1.3 diesel engine.
|
|
Plan of a prototype The railmotors of J. Weitzer Engine- & Waggon-Building & Iron Casting Joint-stock Company (Hu.: Weitzer János Gép,- Waggongyár és Vasöntöde Részvénytársaság) were Europe's first self-propelled railcars with internal combustion engine built in considerable numbers. The principle of their petrol–electric transmission and the four-cylinder petrol engines came from De Dion-Bouton in France. The electric engines were produced Siemens- Schuckert in Germany.
|
|
Wilhelm Maybach was technical director of the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (literally "Aircraft Engine Building Company"), with his son Karl Maybach as director. In 1912, they renamed it to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH ("Maybach Engine Construction Company"). The company originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then rail cars.
|
|
The Panda range was mildly rearranged again in 2009, with the addition of Active Eco and Dynamic Eco models. These models feature revised 1.1 and 1.2 petrol engines respectively, with better fuel economy and CO2 emissions. Both models also qualify for £30 annual road fund licence in the UK, and replace the original standard engines. Dynamic Aircon and SkyDome models were also dropped in favour of simplifying the Panda range.
|
|
Nissan bolstered its Datsun brand to give European buyers an alternative to the Ford Cortina. Its latest generation Bluebird comes in a range of saloons, estates and coupes. The coupe version comes in "SSS" form with a more powerful version of the already good 2.0 power unit. The standard 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 petrol engines are carried over from the previous range, though the underpowered 1.4 unit has been discontinued.
|
|
Mazda moved to front- wheel drive for its popular 323 hatchback, which will be sold in Australia as the Ford Meteor and Ford Laser as part of Mazda's venture with Ford. The latest 323 had 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 petrol engines, and the car's contemporary body was designed with the help of Ford's design team. Production of the rear- wheel drive estate, part of the pre-1980 range continues.
|
|
Nissan ended its use of the Bluebird name on the launch of its new large-sized range of hatchbacks, saloons and estates - the Primera - in September 1990. Power came from 1.6 and 2.0 petrol engines as well as a 2.0 diesel. The hatchbacks and saloons were produced at the Sunderland plant in England, but the estates were fully made up in Japan. There was a wide range of trims.
|
|
In rough terrain Power came from two centrally mounted Daimler 4-cylinder petrol engines delivering each; the A7V carried of fuel. The top speed was about on roads and across country. The 24 wheel suspension was individually sprung — an advantage over the unsprung British tanks. The A7V's power-to-weight ratio was 5.1 kW/ton (6.8 hp/ton), it could cross trenches up to wide, and its ground clearance was .
|
|
Wolseley WD engine, with finned hopper Hopper-cooled engines are usually single cylinder, and usually petrol engines rather than diesel. These are the engines that appeared in great numbers between the wars, driving a range of farm machinery by flat belt drives. These engines were used intermittently, and usually with an operator in attendance. To avoid frost damage, the hopper could be drained easily through a large brass tap.
|
|
Caunter's first publication was a small handbook, Model Petrol Engines, published in 1920 by Percival Marshall Ltd., followed by Small Electric Lighting Sets, which he described as "bad, although it was published". Madness Opens The Door (1932) was written in 1931 in six weeks for £100. Pitman published Small Two-Stroke Aero Engines and Small Four-Stroke Aero Engines as well as Light Aero Engines and The Two-Cycle Engine (1932).
|
|
The sixth generation Carina was appeared In August 1992 and only available with 4-door sedan body style, while the 5-door van/wagon models were replaced by the new Caldina. The size also bigger than the previous model. Most of the 1.5-1.8-litre DOHC petrol engines from the previous generation were available in this generation. 2.0-litre petrol and diesel engines with 4WD system also available.
|
|
It had a reduced payload of 3.5 tonnes and a side-valve engine.Volvo Trucks Global – L36/37 The L360, which was never called Brage, was discontinued in 1957. Early trucks had a non-synchronized four-speed gear box, but this was soon replaced by a synchronized five-speed transmission. Demand for trucks with petrol engines declined with rising fuel prices and the Brage model was discontinued in 1963.
|
|
The Fiat Regata saloon and "Weekend" estate ceased production, and were replaced by the Tipo-based Tempra saloon and "Station Wagon". It was powered by the same 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 petrol engines which power the Tipo models, but offered a larger boot. The Station Wagon came with the option of seven seats. Lancia launched a new saloon version of the Delta - the Dedra - to replace the Prisma.
|
|
In 1958 the Leyland petrol engines were replaced with GM 6.71 engines. In the 1970s, BPH38 was reallocated to Werris Creek to operate services on the Barraba line from Tamworth connecting with the Northern Mail and Northern Tablelands Express. It returned to Narrandera, back to Werris Creek, back to Narrandera and finally to Cowra where it operated services to Harden to connect with the Riverina Express and South Mail.
|
|
Emerson Zooline Railroad's Chance Rides C.P. Huntington train in Saint Louis Zoo, one of hundreds of exact copies of this ride model in locations worldwide A ridable miniature railway (US: riding railroad or grand scale railroad) is a large scale, usually ground-level railway that hauls passengers using locomotives that are often models of full-sized railway locomotives (powered by diesel or petrol engines, live steam engines or electric motors).
|
|
By 1964, 18,741 models had been manufactured, a new record for that time! With the arrival of petrol engines during the 1950-1960s, the same model became available with either a petrol or diesel engine. More than SOMECA tractors using the Fiat base engine had been manufactured by 1960. Come 1965, the year in which the "15" series was launched, SOMECA was only manufacturing licensed Fiat Trattori models.
|
|
Semi-tunnel crankshaft from a Tatra T27 This is a built-up crankshaft with bolted webs. The crank bearings (excluding the bearing races) are smaller than the webs. The end bearings of this semi-tunnel crankshaft (not shown) are also of conventional small size. With the development of the high-speed diesel engine around 1930, powerful diesel engines became available in the sizes previously used by lower-powered petrol engines.
|
|
Tunnel crankshafts were only rarely applied to petrol engines. The development of large powerful engines, outside the rarefied aerospace materials of aircraft engines, coincided with the development of practical lightweight diesel engines that tended to supplant petrol. One market that remained with petrol was that of engines for airships, a market in which Maybach was predominant. Although diesel engines were developed for airship use, these were generally unsuccessful.
|
|
After his approval it was built by the Novelty Air Ship Company. It was lost at sea in 1889 while being flown by Professor Hogan during an exhibition flight.Scientific American - 27 July 1889 From 1888 to 1897, Friedrich Wölfert built three airships powered by Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft-built petrol engines, the last of which caught fire in flight and killed both occupants in 1897.Brooks 1992 p. 20.
|
|
The FD- and FE-Series Vauxhall Victors, built between 1966–78, were very large cars by British standards and featured station wagon models in the style of an American station wagon with front and rear bench seats and large-capacity petrol engines. Other station wagons sold in the United Kingdom included the Morris 1100 (introduced in 1966), Vauxhall Viva (introduced 1967), Ford Escort (introduced in 1968) and Vauxhall Chevette (introduced 1976).
|
|
At launch, the engine line up for both cars comprised a 1.9 litre inline four turbo diesel and the boxer petrol engines from the 33, in 1.3 8 valve, 1.6 8 valve and range topping 1.7 16 valve forms. Depending on the market, the engines were available in either or both base and better equipped L (for "Lusso") trim levels; L trim standard equipment was richer on larger engined cars.
|
|
VAT could offer only petrol engines until 1953. The most common ones were the Hercules engines made domestically under licence by SAT and Tampella. The SAT-made engine was called the Sisu AMG or SA5, and the engine made by Tampella was the Tampella 6000. The second most common engine was the Cadillac V8 1G and the third was the White 160 AX, which Kytölä had bought from Central Europe.
|
|
Nissan launched a new Micra supermini range to replace the nine-year-old original model. Powered by 1.0 and 1.3 16-valve petrol engines, the Micra was built at the Sunderland plant in England and was the first Japanese product to be voted European Car of the Year. UK sales commenced in January 1993. A year after launching its latest version of the Civic, Honda launched a new version of the larger Accord.
|
|
The drag coefficient is 0.307 Cd. In engineering terms, the PSA TU powerplants are carried over from the old car and Citroën also announced a new range of small petrol engines that PSA Peugeot Citroën developed in partnership with BMW. These "Prince" engines have double overhead 16 valve camshaft, on-demand oil and water pumps, and BMW's patent injection and ignition technology. They are designed for low emissions and for good performance and economy.
|
|
Brightray is a nickel-chromium alloy that is noted for its resistance to erosion by gas flow at high temperatures. It was used for hard-facing the exhaust valve heads and seats of petrol engines, particularly aircraft engines from the 1930s onwards. It was developed by Henry Wiggin and Co at Birmingham. As well as its use as a coating, it is also used in wire and strip form for electrical heating elements.
|
|
Then all part receive a layer of clearcoat before being stoved in an oven. Casting shop Aluminium engine components such as cylinder heads are produced in the state-of-the-art Casting plant. Unit shop 1.2 turbo, 1.2 supercharged, 1.6 and 2.0 litre petrol engines are built on-site on the Unit Assembly line. The cylinder heads and camshafts are machined along the machining line before being shipped to the Assembly line.
|
|
In the US it was known as the Mitsubishi Mighty Max or the Dodge Ram 50. Petrol engines include a carburetted 2.0-litre inline-four or a 2.6-litre ditto with . Four- wheel drive (non-LSD) was also available, as were a four-speed automatic transmission, different bed lengths, and both extended and double cab ("Macrocab") options. There was also a higher-rated one-tonner with the long bed and the short cab available.
|
|
Great Wall Voleex V80; rear view It comes with a choice of 2.0L or 2.4L inline-4 petrol engines producing and respectively. It is powered by a front-wheel drive system, and has a 5-speed manual transmission, with automatic only with the 2.4L. The Cowry has a kerb weight of 1510 kg. From 2013 appeared new 1.5L turbo engine It offers double sliding middle doors, double sliding moon roofs as well as GPS navigation.
|
|
The output power of an engine is the product of its torque and speed. The torque varies with speed, increasing to a peak value and falling away both above and below this. The range for which the torque is a useful proportion of the maximum is described as the 'power band'. Diesel engines generally have a broader band than petrol engines and they also lose less fuel-efficiency at part throttle settings.
|
|
It was an all-welded 372-ton steel-hulled vessel that drew only of water at the bow. Sea trials soon proved the Mark 1 to be difficult to handle and almost unmanageable in some sea conditions. The designers set about correcting the faults of the Mark 1 in the LCT Mark 2. Longer and wider, three Paxman diesel or Napier Lion petrol engines replaced the Hall-Scotts, and 15 and 20 lb.
|
|
As optional features there were leather upholstery, metallic paint or satellite navigation. In Australia, electronic stability control (ESC), traction control (TSC), bluetooth handsfree and MP3 player with USB connectivity were also offered. A special trim level called the Getz Cross features SUV design elements such as extended wheel arches, roof rack, raised suspension and larger wheels. It was offered with the 1.4-litre and 1.6-litre petrol engines, or with the 1.5-litre diesel engine.
|
|
A Digifant II DF-1 Engine Control Unit used in '91 Volkswagen Golf Cabriolet with 2E engine The Digifant engine management system is an electronic engine control unit (ECU), which monitors and controls the fuel injection and ignition systems in petrol engines, designed by Volkswagen Group, in cooperation with Robert Bosch GmbH. Digifant is the outgrowth of the Digijet fuel injection system first used on water-cooled Volkswagen A2 platform-based models.
|
|
In May 1943, the seven MAS boats in the Black Sea were transferred to the Kriegsmarine. In August that year, they were transferred to the Romanian Navy. These seven boats were wooden-hulled, each displacing 25 tons. Top speed amounted to 42 knots, generated by petrol engines powering two shafts. They were armed with one 13 mm heavy machine gun or one 20 mm anti-aircraft gun, 6 depth charges and two 350 mm torpedoes.
|
|
The 108 is powered by a choice of two three cylinder petrol engines: a 1.0 litre VTi with 68 bhp, emitting up to 97g/km of , with an e VTi producing 88g/km, and a larger 1.2 litre VTi has 82 bhp, and emits 99g/km of . In an update for 2018, Peugeot introduced an updated interior which included new seat upholstery. There were no exterior changes. It has been reported by Autonews.
|
|
The patrol submarines evolved from the C-class boats. They were designed to be propelled by diesel motors on the surface to avoid the problems with petrol engines experienced with the A class. These boats were designed for foreign service with an endurance of at on the surface and much improved living conditions for a larger crew. D-class boats were fitted with twin screws for greater manoeuvrability and were fitted with saddle tanks.
|
|
Thus, engines designed to run high-octane fuel exclusively can achieve higher compression ratios (CRs). Most modern automobile petrol engines generally have a compression ratio of 10.0:1 to 13.5:1. Engines with a knock sensor can and usually have CR higher than 11.1:1 and approaches 14.0:1 (for high octane fuel and usually with direct fuel injection) and engines without a knock sensor generally have CR of 8.0:1 to 10.5:1.
|
|
Retrieved 22 September 2010. The Accent badge remained reserved for the second generation Accent, that had still been produced in Taganrog in the TagAZ plant at that time. The Hyundai Solaris was available with 1.4 (107 hp) and 1.6 (123 hp) petrol engines, with a 6-speed manual or a 4-speed automatic transmission. In 2014, the Hyundai Solaris for Russian and CIS (where it is sold as the Hyundai Accent) market was facelifted.
|
|
Technologies found in the G40 and G60 engines have subsequently been used in other Volkswagen engines. They first utilised this technology with turbochargers in their TurboDiesel 'TD' engines. This then evolved into their highly regarded range of Turbocharged Direct Injection 'TDI' diesel engines, which are now available throughout virtually every car and light commercial vehicle in the Volkswagen Group. Turbochargers have also been of great benefit to recent petrol engines in the Volkswagen Group.
|
|
The Volkswagen Bora, known as the Jetta in the US. Visually similar to the slightly larger Passat. UK sales began in March 1999, with 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 four-cylinder and 2.3 V5 petrol engines available as well as a 1.9 turbo-diesel. Mercedes-Benz launched a new S Class in the Summer with a sleek new design and a host of new technology which would soon filter down the rest of the Mercedes range.
|
|
Nissan has launched a new Almera small-family car to join the current Micra and Primera at the British Sunderland plant at the start of the year. Engines include 1.5 and 1.8 petrol engines as well as a 2.2 diesel, provided by Renault. It is offered as a 3 or 5-door hatchback and a saloon. The ageing Micra received a mild facelift to bring it in line with the rest of the Nissan range.
|
|
In Australia, the Corolla liftback is called Seca. Grades for sedan and Seca are Ascent, Conquest, and Ultima. New Zealand market E110s had the 1.3 L 4E, the 1.5 L 5A-FE, 1.6 L 4A-FE, 1.8 L 7A-FE petrol engines or the 2.2-litre 3C-E diesel engine as of 2000,Matthew-Wilson 2010, p. 698. whereas Australia only offered the 7A-FE, with a unique turbocharged Sportivo model offered in 2001.
|
|
The second generation Innova, designated AN140 series, was launched on 23 November 2015 in Jakarta, Indonesia. The new series is a completely new vehicle with a new platform and new diesel engines. The 2.0-litre and 2.7-litre petrol engines are carried over from the previous model with slight modifications, while the 2.4-litre and 2.8-litre diesel engines are completely new. The available transmission options are five-speed manual and six-speed automatic.
|
|
In 2010, the government announced that "for security and administrative reasons, the plan to move the capital from Tehran has been finalized." There are plans to relocate 163 state firms and several universities from Tehran to avoid damages from a potential earthquake. The officials are engaged in a battle to reduce air pollution. It has, for instance, encouraged taxis and buses to convert from petrol engines to engines that run on compressed natural gas.
|
|
In Brunei, the Corolla Altis sedan was launched at the Regal Blue Production House on 2 January 2020 and went on sale on the following day. It is fully imported from Thailand. The models include 1.6- and 1.8-litre petrol engines with 7-speed CVT transmissions. The 1.6-litre model includes manual air-conditioning, fabric seats, 18-inch wheels, 10-inch Android infotainment system, 60:40 rear seats and 470 litres of luggage space.
|
|
The price has been reduced for 2014 models, in the interest of competing with locally made economy cars. In May 2018, Volkswagen discontinued the Polo Notch in the Philippines. It was replaced by the Volkswagen Santana. On introduction of Bharat Stage VI emissions norms in India, the Vento 1.5TDI will be discontinued and the petrol engines will be replaced by a new locally manufactured, more fuel-efficient three-cylinder 1.0 TSI engine.
|
|
The 1.5-liter diesel arrived in December 1979; sales in 1979 continued to freefall and only 90 cars were delivered. Originally available with inline-four petrol engines only the comparably successful 1.5-liter diesel remained after late 1980. Sales tripled in 1980 and crept up to 287 in 1981, the last year new Volkswagen passenger cars were imported to Australia. The diesel model was available as a wagon or five-door hatchback (called "sedan").
|
|
Options for engines and transmissions vary from country to country, but the Golf Mk5 is available with 4-cylinder, 5-cylinder, and 6-cylinder petrol engines, and a new Pumpe Duse unit injector Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engine. Transmission options include manual, automatic, Tiptronic, and Direct- Shift Gearbox (DSG). The GTI comes with VW's 4-cylinder 2.0L Turbo Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) which makes and torque. Transmissions include a 6-speed manual or 6-speed DSG.
|
|
Interior (B40/B50) The Toyota Coaster was introduced in 1969 as a 17-passenger minibus using the same running gear as the Toyota Dyna of the time. Early models used the 2.0-liter Toyota R engine with a 4-speed manual transmission. With its engine rated at , a RU19 Coaster could attain a top speed of . Subsequent models used a variety of four and six-cylinder diesel and petrol engines, and an option of automatic transmission was later introduced.
|
|
It is also prone to wear in the rear axle trailing arm bearings, which then wear the trailing arm axle tubes, requiring an expensive rebuild or a replacement axle assembly. The diesel and larger capacity petrol engines are canted as far back as possible in the engine bay, in an effort to put as much weight as possible behind the front axle line, also reducing the centre of gravity, while improving weight distribution and minimising understeer.
|
|
Bristol made their own petrol engines to power their chassis. Until 1929 these were all four-cylinder, but in that year a six-cylinder model was added to the range to power the new C and D models. The C failed to get past the prototype stage, but the D was joined in 1931 by the G and J which also used Bristol's six-cylinder JW engine. Bristol first offered a diesel-engined chassis in 1933.
|
|
The VR5 engines are a family of gasoline Internal combustion engines developed by the Volkswagen Group and produced from 1997 to 2006. They are derived from the VR6 engine family, also developed by Volkswagen, but with one less cylinder. VR5 engines are narrow-angle V5 petrol engines, with a V angle of 15° and a displacement of . The VR5 was the first production block to use five cylinders in a V design with a 15-degree angle.
|
|
The new version of the Ford Escort was Britain's best-selling car during 1992. Ford gave the Escort a mild redesign in September with the introduction of new 16-valve fuel-injected Zetec petrol engines, while the 1.8 diesel received a turbocharger. A similar redesign was given to the Orion saloon version. All models had at least one airbag as standard, with most of the range having a passenger airbag and others also having anti-lock brakes.
|
|
Renault launched the Scenic, a five-seater mini MPV based on the Megane hatchback running gear. Its 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 petrol engines are sourced from the Megane hatchback range, as was the 1.9 turbo- diesel. It launched in France in November 1996 while UK sales began in May 1997. Renault also launched a facelifted Safrane in July while the smaller Clio also received a facelift in the Autumn to keep it competitive until a new version would arrive.
|
|
Mercedes-Benz had an all-new model, the A-Class, its first front-wheel drive car in the Autumn with a choice of 1.4 or 1.6 petrol engines with diesels to follow later. It soon gained notoriety for failing an "elk test" where a test model overturned while trying to avoid the elk which forced Mercedes to fit Electronic Stability Control to all versions of it. The new car made Mercedes ownership more affordable than ever before.
|
|
In 2013, Proton Cars UK had attempted to relaunch the brand with four all-new models. However, the relaunch was instead postponed indefinitely in view of more stringent European Union emissions and safety regulations. Proton is currently developing a range of all-new petrol engines in collaboration with Ricardo and Lotus Engineering. The engines will feature more advanced technology such as direct injection, cylinder deactivation and stop-start idling, and will meet the highest Euro 6c emissions regulations.
|
|
There are also proven technologies of PSA as the Grip Control (a kind of traction perfected) and start assist. Acoustic insulation is excellent, thanks to an especially laminated double glazed windscreen and, on the top model, front side windows. The European version has a choice of two petrol engines: the 1.2 PureTech 130 hp and the 1.6 PureTech 180 hp, as well as two Diesel versions: the 1.5 BlueHDi 130 hp and the 2.0 BlueHDi 180 hp.
|
|
Engine Weitzer Rt. in 1903 transferred the electric transmission to a larger scale, and ordered four-cylinder petrol engines of 50 and of 70 horsepower from De Dion-Bouton. Such a motor was placed in the engine compartment of each railcar, behind the driver's place. By a common axle, it empowered an electric generator. The electricity fed the driving motors of 30 hp each, which were placed underfloor, one at each of the two axles of the car.
|
|
The Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico firm of Monfalcone was tasked with reproducing the boats domestically. The quickly developed new torpedo boat type was designated CRDA 60 t after its builder and displacement, and classed Motosiluranti (singular motosilurante, MS in short) by the Navy. The motosiluranti were of wooden construction, with steel reinforcements. Unlike the diesel-engined German S-Boote, they were powered by triple Isotta Fraschini Asso 1000 W18 petrol engines from the MAS 500, each producing .
|
|
Renault launched the new Clio, a range of three and five-door hatchbacks on the continent in May 1990 and would arrive on the British market in March 1991. Power came from a new range of 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 petrol engines as well as a 1.9 diesel. The Clio was the replacement for the R5, though the car was still being built in Slovenia. Renault also had a new, smaller model planned for a 1992 launch.
|
|
The second generation Corsa utility was released in 2003, and replaced the Corsa B Utility pickup. The vehicle was sold as the Opel Corsa Utility, until June 2010. From then on it was badged as the Chevrolet Corsa Utility but not for too long as Chevrolet had prepared to end this and also to stop representing Opel. It was available in a choice of three engine variations, namely 1.4 and 1.8 petrol engines, as well as a 1.7 turbodiesel.
|
|
All 55s were powered by Midewest four-cylinder petrol engines, while the 75s used the more powerful Winton Model 110 six-cylinder engines. From 1934, the SAR began re-powering the 55s with Gardner six- cylinder diesel engines but, as a result of World War II, some railcars were not converted until after 1945. At the same time, multiple-unit controls were fitted to the Brill railcars. In the 1950s, the 75s were re-powered with Cummins diesel engines.
|
|
Interior of post-1979 facelift The BMW E21 is the first generation of the BMW 3 Series compact executive cars, which were produced from June 1975 to 1983 and replaced the BMW 02 Series. Initial models were produced in a two-door sedan body style with four-cylinder petrol engines. Fuel-injected engines were introduced in late 1975 and 6-cylinder engines were added in 1977. A cabriolet body style – manufactured by Baur— was produced from 1978 to 1981.
|
|
BMW 7 Series BMW 735i sedan (Australia) The E38 is the third generation of the 7 Series, which was produced from 1994 to 2001. The model range consisted of standard length and long wheelbase ("iL" models) sedans. The petrol engines available consisted of straight-six, V8 and V12 engines. The E38 was the first 7 Series to be available with a diesel engine; initially a turbocharged straight-six, which was joined by a twin-turbocharged V8 in 1998.
|
|
In particular, their high BMEP and high torque led to high forces on the crankshaft bearings. These forces were greater than could be sustained by the small whitemetal bearings used for petrol engines. Although aircraft and sports car engines in the 1920s developed to have considerable power in a small space, these were high maintenance machines with regular servicing. The new diesels were intended for long commercial service where maintenance was a key cost to be reduced.
|
|
Traditionally road vehicles (cars, buses and trucks) have used diesel and petrol engines with a mechanical or hydraulic transmission system. In the latter part of the 20th century, vehicles with electrical transmission systems (powered from internal combustion engines, batteries or fuel cells) began to be developed—one advantage of using electric machines is that specific types can regenerate energy (i.e. act as a regenerative brake)—providing deceleration as well as increasing overall efficiency by charging the battery pack.
|
|
Smokebox char was used as fuel and the gas was passed from the gas generator through suitable wet scrubbers to remove tar to two Tilling-Stevens petrol engines. The engines came from Whippet tanks and were obtained from the Defence Department. A gas expansion chamber was constructed from an old chimney. The two engines drove shunt wound dynamos, obtained from General Electric, to power the traction motors which were two tramway motors obtained from De Beers in Kimberley.
|
|
The BTR-70 is powered by two petrol engines. Early production vehicles used 115 hp GAZ-69B 6-cylinder engines, but most vehicles have now been retrofitted with the more powerful ZMZ-49-05 V-8 engines. The vehicle is fully amphibious, propelled when afloat by a single water jet mounted at the rear of the hull. To prepare the vehicle for water, the driver erects a trim vane and switches on the bilge pumps from within the vehicle.
|
|
It is worth comparing contemporary directly fueled petrol engines with direct-injection diesel engines. Petrol can burn faster than diesel fuel, allowing higher maximum engine speeds and thus greater maximum power for sporting engines. Diesel fuel, on the other hand, has a higher energy density, and in combination with higher combustion pressures can deliver very strong torque and high thermodynamic efficiency for more "normal" road vehicles. This comparison of 'burn' rates is a rather simplistic view.
|
|
The Peugeot 504 was widely available with diesel engines and an automatic transmission option, which was a rare combination at the time. Engines were of the design and included 1948 cc, 2112 cc, and a 2304 cc. The Indenor engine was also used in dozens of other automobiles and light commercials as well as for marine applications. There were three petrol engines available in Europe, 1796 cc and 1971 cc four cylinder and a 2664 cc V6.
|
|
The prototype had revolving doors, but most of the production models had 740 mm wide sliding doors. At each end there was an identical motor installation with Ford petrol engines, that drove the first axle via a four-geared drive and cardan shaft. Only the front motor facing the direction of travel was used and was operated by the driver's cab at that end. When shunting or if an engine failed, the railbus could also be driven in reverse.
|
|
The steering compartment's armour plates stood about two feet proud of the deck line. In September, 8 more were ordered. Ford V8 marine conversions by Thornycroft powered the early groups of LCAs, these water-cooled petrol engines developing 65 hp each when driving the 19"x14" 2-bladed propellers through a 41:20 gear reduction. The twin propulsion units gave a speed of 10½ knots at 2,800 revolutions per minute with a load of in the boat.
|
|
The 1987 models were available with an anti-locking brake system (ABS) as an optional extra. In 1988, a Turbo version was introduced, the Garrett AiResearch turbocharger increasing the power from to . Maximum torque was compared to the for the naturally aspirated 1.7 L engine. In 1993, due to new EU Euro 1 emissions legislation which meant that catalytic converters had to be fitted to unleaded petrol engines, power dropped and so the 2.0 L engine was developed; it was rated at and .
|
|
The weight of these petrol engines made of die-cast aluminium is only for the 1.2 TSI and for the 1.4 TSI. The crankshaft alone became lighter by 20 per cent; the connecting rods lost 30 per cent of their weight. In addition the connecting rod bearing journals are now hollow-drilled and pistons now come with flat bottoms, all of them optimized for lower weight. Regarding thermal management, the EA211 petrol engine is equipped with a modern dual-circuit cooling system.
|
|
For 2012, these newly developed generation of modern petrol engines are manufactured at the Škoda Auto plant in Mladá Boleslav. ;identification:parts code prefix: 04E ;description:1.4 TFSI Green tec engine with 110 kW (140 hp). This engine achieves its maximum torque of 250 Nm at 1,500 to 3,500 rpm. In North American market it is referred to as CZTA type engine (150 hp). In Chilean market it is referred to as CHPA type engine (140 hp) or CZDA type engine (150 hp).
|
|
They were marketed bearing the new blue logo of the manufacturer after 2003. On the UK market the Pick-Up was known as the One-Ton and, from November 1985, the Shifter. The vehicle was available with a number of different transmission styles including front wheel drive, rear wheel drive and 4x4. During its time in production many types of engines were available to power the truck: a 1.3 litre, 1.4 litre, or 1.6 litre petrol engines or 1.9 litre Renault diesel engine.
|
|
The BMW 8 Series is a range of grand tourer coupes and convertibles produced by BMW. The 8 Series was introduced in 1990 under the E31 model code and was only available as a two-door coupé. It is powered by a range of naturally aspirated V8 and V12 petrol engines. The E31 started production just as E24 6 Series production ended, however it is not considered a direct successor. The E31 was discontinued in 1999 due to poor sales.
|
|
Small particles (PM 2.5) can penetrate deeply into lung tissue and damage it, causing premature death in extreme cases. Inhalation of such particles may cause or worsen respiratory diseases, such as emphysema or bronchitis, or may also aggravate existing heart disease. Unlike petrol engines, modern diesel engines are fitted with diesel particulate filters that help to reduce PM 10 and PM 2.5 emissions. However, those filters tend to get clogged easily with soot and are often removed by car owners.
|
|
In addition to this film, a four minute documentary of the documentary, calling into question the validity of the events, was posted as Soto's "personal edit" on his alleged homepage. The S40 was the first Volvo car to be launched in China by the brand under the Changan Ford joint venture and commenced production in March 2006. Engines choices consisted of the 2.0, 2.4 and 2.5 litre petrol engines paired with either a 5 speed manual or 6 speed dual clutch gearbox.
|
|
Petrol engines were a three cylinder 1.0 litre, and a four cylinder 1.2 litre , and the diesel unit a four cylinder 1.3 litre CDTi with common rail technology. The Agila came in two different trim levels: Base/Essentia and Edition/Enjoy. European production of the Opel Agila and Suzuki Splash took place at the Magyar Suzuki plant in Esztergom, Hungary. The car was replaced in March 2015 by the Opel Karl, known as the Vauxhall Viva in the United Kingdom.
|
|
Ford Freda UK The Ford Freda was a badge engineered version of the 8-seater Mazda Bongo Friendee minivan, introduced to the Japanese partner home market by the American automaker Ford in 1995. Most examples of this vehicle are automatics (there are a few manual versions), and are available in 2WD (SGL3) and 4WD (SGL5) versions. 2.5 turbo diesels are common in Japan, although V6 petrol engines are starting to appear. Later (post 99) models are a different shape and have different engines.
|
|
The heavy oil engine was heavier than the petrol engines used by the other boats in the class and an equal amount of fuel had to be removed, which reduced their range despite the heavy oil engine's more economical consumption. On the surface, the boat had a range of about at ;Harrison, Chapters 3 and 25 submerged the boat had a range of at .Akermann, p. 120 The boats were armed with two 18-inch (45 cm) torpedo tubes in the bow.
|
|
A year after going on sale in its homeland, the latest generation of the Toyota Corolla went on sale in Europe. The traditional rear-wheel drive chassis and saloon bodystyle continued, as did the 1.3, 1.6 and 1.8 petrol engines. Toyota gave its rear- wheel drive supermini the Starlet, a major facelift which included square front headlights instead of round ones. The old 1.0, 1.2 and 1.3 power units were replaced by new 12-valve ones which gave more power and better economy.
|
|
2017 Renault Scenic Dynamique rear Grand Scenic Interior A fourth generation Scénic was unveiled at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show. The car, based on the R-Space concept, is slightly larger than its predecessor, and adds some crossover design elements but, according to Renault, it is still an MPV. It is powered by six diesel and two petrol engines. For the models with six-speed manual transmission and Energy dCi 110 diesel engines, it will incorporate an optional hybrid unit (Hybrid Assist).
|
|
The crew consisted of 17 officers and enlisted men. Their three petrol engines generated driving three shafts, and the boats were designed to reach a top speed of . They carried of fuel, which gave them a range of at . During their service, their armament had been significantly enhanced, so that by August 1944, their gun armament consisted of one Bofors gun on the stern, and two Oerlikon guns, one on the bow and one just forward of the 40 mm mount.
|
|
In 1919, the line to Hillegersberg was taken over by the RETM. In 1922 and 1923, the RETM converted this line to a standard gauge electric tramway, and in 1924 and 1925, the horsecars on the line to Overschie were gradually replaced by trams with petrol engines. Finally, in 1928, the Overshie line was closed and replaced by a bus line. During this period, the RTM continued to operate trams to and from the islands of South Holland and Zeeland.
|
|
In 2001 the Space Star was crash tested by EuroNCAP and received a three-star rating for the safety of its adult passengers and a two- star rating for the safety of pedestrians. The base Space Stars were equipped with 1.3-litre petrol engines with a maximum output of . The other petrol- powered engines were a 1.6-litre with and a 1.8-litre with . A model equipped with a 1.8-litre GDI engine with was available until its discontinuation in 2002.
|
|
The regeneration of Fiat begins with the launch of an impressive all-new supermini, the Uno, a product of Giugiaro's ItalDesign studio. It replaces the veteran 127, and is the most innovative small hatchback ever seen in Europe. Its interior space and fuel economy are first rate, with visual appeal also high on the agenda. Power comes from 900cc, 1.1 and 1.3 petrol engines, with three and five-door hatchback bodystyles making it a practical choice for those who place function above power.
|
|
U-9 was fitted with two Körting 8-cylinder plus two Körting 6-cylinder two-stroke petrol engines with a total of for use on the surface and two Siemens-Schuckert double-acting electric motors plus two electric motors with a total of for underwater use. These engines powered two shafts, each with a propeller, which gave the boat a top surface speed of , and when submerged. Cruising range was at on the surface, and at under water. Diving depth was .
|
|
In 1929 AGE advertised the following Blackstone products: :Engines: oil engines for small and large powers, horizontal and vertical, paraffin engines, petrol engines. :Unchokeable pumps (these were bought by Sigmund Pumps of Gateshead, who called them 'SB' (Sigmund-Blackstone) and were then passed to Sigmund Pulsometer Pumps, Reading after the Gateshead factory was sold to Ingersoll Rand), corn crushing and grinding mills, lighting sets. :Hay and straw elevators, horse rakes, land rollers, side rakes, swath turners, turnip cutters.Agricultural & General Engineers Limited.
|
|
The petrol engines had a combined consumption of and respectively, while the diesel used . An automatic gearbox (with torque converter) was optional for the petrol units. In some countries, it was sold with a 1.2-litre engine, also used on the newer Hyundai i10. To increase its appeal in the European market, the Picanto was equipped with such features as CD player with MP3 audio playback, air conditioning, front and patented rear electric windows, remote central locking, and electric mirrors.
|
|
The British Beardmore Tornado was based on medium-speed diesel engine practice and was both heavy, underpowered and unreliable. Only Maybach made significant use of tunnel crankshafts for petrol engines, with both its airship engines and also a number of World War II tank engines, such as the Maybach HL210 and HL230. These engines were used across all of the German medium and heavy tanks. Thousands of these engines were produced, although surviving examples are now extremely rare, particularly in working order.
|
|
The compression stroke is the second of four stages in a four-stroke engine. In this stage, the fuel/air mixture (or air alone, in the case of a direct injection engine) is compressed to the top of the cylinder by the piston. This is the result of the piston moving upwards, reducing the volume of the chamber. Towards the end of this phase, the mixture is ignited — by a spark plug for petrol engines or by self-ignition for diesel engines.
|
|
White Iveco was a single-step monohull powered by four Iveco diesels, while Ego was a Don Shead designed 38 ft (11.6 m) hull powered by a pair of 7-litre, marinised V12 Lamborghini petrol engines. Weather conditions for the first leg were poor and of the 28 starters at Portsmouth, only 18 boats reached Falmouth. By the end of the second leg only 12 remained. By the halfway stage, White Iveco led on elapsed time with Ego Lamborghini behind.
|
|
Renault Clio RS VW Golf GTI Mini John Cooper Works Hot hatch (shortened from hot hatchback) is a high-performance version of a mass-produced hatchback car. The term originated in the mid-1980s; however, factory high-performance versions of hatchbacks have been produced since the 1970s. Front-mounted petrol engines, together with front-wheel drive, is the most common powertrain layout, however all-wheel drive has become more commonly used since around 2010. Most hot hatches are manufactured in Europe or Asia.
|
|
The company merged with its British competitor Zeneca in 1999, and formed the pharmaceutical group Astra Zeneca. The company’s pill factory in Gärtuna in south-eastern Södertälje is the largest of its kind in the world, employing over 3,200 people. Astra Zenecas premises by Södertälje Canal In 1891, Vagnfabriks- Aktiebolaget i Södertelge (abbreviated VABIS) started as manufacturier of railway cars, petrol engines, automobiles, trucks, motor-powered draisines, motorboats and marine engines. In 1911 they merged with Maskinfabriks- aktiebolaget Scania and formed Scania-Vabis.
|
|
The bodyshell weight alone was reduced by 20 percent from 357 to 280 kilograms. Additional, chassis-related measures resulted in another 50 kilograms of weight reduction; these include high-strength and ultra-high- strength low-weight steels, compact subframes as well as weight reductions to the front and rear axle. Rear suspension is torsion beam (only with Watts linkage on top engines), and MacPherson struts at the front. Available engines are 1.0 3-cylinder, 1.4 4-cylinder petrol engines and 1.6-litre diesels.
|
|
Rear view The car was produced at the NedCar factory in the Netherlands in conjunction with Mitsubishi Motors. This is the same factory that produced Volvo 300s in the 1970s and 1980s and the Volvo V40s in the 1990s. To save production costs, the Smart Forfour shared almost all of its components with the 2003 Mitsubishi Colt. This includes the chassis, suspension and a new generation of MIVEC petrol engines, ranging from the three-cylinder to the four-cylinder with power up to .
|
|
Microcar M.Go Electric at the 2008 Paris Motor Show The current model range consists of the M.GO-3, introduced (in 2015?) to replace M.Go model introduced in 2009. There are six trim levels, all with petrol engines, in the UK. The M.Go was available in conventional, diesel-engined S, S PACK, MICA, SXI, and Sport trim levels, as well as full electric. Prior to the M.Go, Microcar was known for their long-running MC Series models, sold as the MC1 and MC2.
|
|
The second generation of the BMW 1 Series consists of the BMW F20 (5-door hatchback) and BMW F21 (3-door hatchback) compact cars. The F20/F21 generation was produced from 2011 to 2019 and is often collectively referred to as the F20. For the second generation of 1 Series, the coupé and convertible models marketed separately using the new BMW 2 Series nameplate. The F20/F21 was initially powered by inline-four petrol, inline-four diesel and inline-six petrol engines.
|
|
Detail of Antoinette VII aircraft, showing Antoinette V8 engine Antoinette V8 aircraft engine exhibited at the Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci", Milan. Antoinette V8 aircraft engine exhibited at the Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci", Milan. Antoinette was a French manufacturer of light petrol engines. Antoinette also became a pioneer-era builder of aeroplanes before World War I, most notably the record-breaking monoplanes flown by Hubert Latham and René Labouchère.
|
|
Also, the gear shifter was located at the floor and went all the way up to the height of the hand, and had a slight curve. The gear shifter was nearly long, so it was somewhat clumsy to shift, but it came with five gears, unusual in Europe at that time. It was delivered with a 1.5- and 2.0-liter petrol engines, as well as a 2.2-liter diesel unit. It was produced until replaced by the E23 Caravan in August 1980.
|
|
In Germany, the Motor Vehicle tax (Kraftfahrzeugsteuer) is an annual tax on all vehicles. It ranges from €5 per 100cc to €25 per 100cc for petrol engines and €13 to €37 for diesel engines. Vehicles first registered before June 30, 2009 are taxed according to engine displacement and national/European emission class, whereas vehicles which were registered after that date are taxed solely based on CO2 emission in grams per km (g CO2/km). An on-line tax calculator has been made available.
|
|
The beach design was 41 feet long and 12 foot 3 inches wide and weighed just under 16 tons. The wide beam of the lifeboat made up for her shallow draught. She was fitted with twin screws, with the propellers housed in tunnels to protected them when being launched or hauled back up the beach. The lifeboat was powered by two 35 horse power Weyburn petrol engines which produced a top speed of 7.5 KT and gave her a range of 122 miles.
|
|
Climate control panel was revised to include the temperature and fan speed dials. The door panels are fully trimmed with ruffled leather paneling and soft paddings. The seats are more plush and have several defined cushions along with lumbar support. The new features included ABS and full-time four-wheel-drive with electrically locking differentials. The engines were carried over from W460/W461, including 200 GE, 230 GE, and 300 GE for petrol engines along with 250 GD and 300 GD for diesel engines.
|
|
As the majority of the new Fiat group models, the suspension was all independent, composed of MacPherson struts at the front and trailing arms at the rear. Entry level in the Punto range were the 1.1 and 1.2 L petrol engines and the 1.7 diesel engine. The 1.2 engine's actual capacity is 1242 cc, available in three versions. The first, was fitted in the Punto ELX 75 and produced at 6000 rpm while the second, fitted to Punto ELX 85 produced at 6000 rpm.
|
|
The Alfa Romeo 147 (Type 937) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 2000 to 2010. The 147 was voted European Car of the Year in 2001. The 147 was launched at the Turin Motor Show in June 2000 as a replacement for the Alfa Romeo 145 and 146 hatchbacks and is based on the running gear of the larger 156 saloon. It was sold with 1.6, 2.0, and 3.2-liter petrol engines, and a 1.9-liter diesel engine.
|
|
In 1937 Sisu became available with Hercules diesel engine but they were not sold many yet. In the following year another American engine, Buda was added in the selection - this Sisu-series was called SB respectively. Sisu AMG, a licence- built Hercules JXC. During and after the Second World War SAT produced Hercules side valve petrol engines under licence. The initial model was called AMG of which military designation was SA-5; it was also produced by Tampereen Pellava- ja Rauta-teollisuus as Tampella 6000.
|
|
At the same point, the O-series 1.7 and 2.0 Petrol engines were given an upgrade becoming the O2. A low compression version of the Rover 3.5 litre V8 unit (taken from Land Rover) also became available on certain versions of the 300 Series (with a modified drivetrain) from 1986, producing . This version was designed for emergency services and express delivery operators, and was bought in large numbers by the police and ambulance services. Economy was very poor with this engine, with a claimed figure of only .
|
|
The A.M. was a range of automobiles manufactured by the French firm of Ateliers Veuve A. de Mesmay. The vehicles were produced in Saint-Quentin, Aisne, France, from 1906 to 1914 and marketed under the name Automobiles 'Abeille' de Mesmay (hence the AM nomenclature). They were powered by petrol engines of various sizes made by the de Mesmay firm, all marketed under the 'Abeille' (En:'Bee') trade name. The same engines and chassis were used in the AML and AMC range of commercial vehicles.
|
|
By 1961, Saviem was producing between 50 and 60 Galions per day. At the time they were offered with at least two inline-four engines: the 3-litre diesel 4 192 supplied by Perkins, with a maximum power output of at 2,400 rpm and a 2-litre petrol Renault unit with a maximum power output of at 3,300 rpm. The truck had a rear-wheel drive transmission through a universal joint, coupled to a 4-speed manual gearbox. The Galion mounted various petrol engines.
|
|
The Volkswagen Golf entered its fourth generation with the look of its predecessor, but was an all-new car. The Golf was initially sold as a hatchback only, with estate and cabriolet versions expected in 1998. Entry-level Golfs used 1.4 and 1.6 petrol engines as well as a 1.9 diesel, with more expensive versions including the 1.9 turbo-diesel as well as the four GTI models – 1.8 non-turbo, 1.8 turbo, 2.0 and 2.3 V5. A saloon version – the Bora – replaced the Vento in 1998.
|
|
The Soviet BT tanks were the most advanced in the 1930s, extremely fast and mounting high velocity 45 mm cannons. Their only drawback were their petrol engines which caught fire often and easily during the Nomonhan fighting which lasted from about May through September 1939.Coox p. 437, 998 The Japanese Type 95 Ha-Go light tank was equipped with a diesel engine, and although mounting a 37 mm cannon, it was a low velocity gun with a maximum effective range of about 700 meters.
|
|
All pretense of a sporty identity was thrown out, in favour of a more upscale and alternative image. A large five hundred litre DIN boot is an interesting feature, while it can be increased to 1440 litres after folding rear seats.SEAT Toledo 1.6 III SEAT Toledo 1.6 Businessline 102 hp Under the bodywork, the SEAT Toledo uses the same underpinnings as the Volkswagen Golf Mk5. All engines are identical to other Volkswagen Group units, with petrol engines ranging from to and diesel engines from to .
|
|
The initial petrol engines used were proven four-cylinder units, which had gained a solid reputation in Peugeot models such as the 205, 309 and 405. At first, all mainstream models were powered by derivatives of the TU series 8-valve engine, in 1.1-, 1.4- and 1.6-litre guises. The 1.1 was dropped quickly, but the 1.4 and particularly the 1.6 variants sold well, the latter offering a good balance between performance and economy. Three larger-capacity units were available, but restricted to automatic and performance models.
|
|
Reviews of the hard plastic interior were mostly negative. Critics praised the Citroën C3 Picasso in reviews for its ergonomics, Bauhaus-inspired styling, ease of use and the amount of space offered. Many reviewers criticised the interior, which they said felt "cheap". The quality and reliability of the petrol engines was also criticised by most reviewers as "sluggish" and struggling to carry the weight of the vehicle, although the diesel engines feedback was more positive as they are able to cope much better and run smoother.
|
|
Cecil Paine was built by Groves and Guttridge at their boatyard in Cowes on the Isle of Wight for the cost of £7,462. She was powered by twin 18 bhp Weyburn AE.4 petrol engines, although she also had been fitted with single mast for sailing and she carried two oars. The engines were housed amidships beneath a large whaleback in the open cockpit of the lifeboat. This canopy also served the dual purpose of providing some weather protection and shelter for the crew and the rescued.
|
|
Launched in 2002, the Brazilian Doblòs were initially available with two 16 valve petrol engines, a 1.3 litre Fire and a 1.6 litre Torque. From 2004 to 2009, the only engine available in Brazil was an 8 valve 1.8 litre Ecotec, supplied by General Motors do Brasil. This engine was produced initially in a petrol version, and later as flex fuel. In September 2003, Fiat Brazil introduced an off road 4x2 version called Fiat Doblò Adventure, also with the straight-4 Ecotec 1800 cc engine.
|
|
Initially only available in two trim variants, the budget E trim and the upgraded S trim; the range later expanded to include a Sport and GTI variant. Petrol engines ranged from 1.0 to 1.4 (1.6 for the GTI) with diesels from 1.2 to 1.7. The differences between the E and S trim included painted door mirrors, door handles and strip, central locking, electric windows, double folding seats and opening rear windows. Production of the Lupo was discontinued in June 2005, and was replaced by the Fox.
|
|
The interior is derived from the smaller 147 hatchback and shares many common parts: such as having the same dash layout, functions, the climate control system as well as having a similar electrical system. Some exterior parts are also shared with the 147 such as the bonnet, wing mirrors, and front wings (from the 147 GTA). The engine range included both the 1.8 TS and the 2.0 JTS petrol engines, a 1.9 MultiJet turbodiesel, and a top of the range 3.2 V6 petrol engine.
|
|
8; issue 51881 Rolls-Royce diesel engines replaced Dennis petrol engines in the fire engines during 1951.Dennis Brothers Limited The Times 20 December 1951; pg. 8; issue 52189 New show vehicles in 1952 included a 5½ litre Centaur chassis with platform body, a Pax chassis with tipping gear and a lightweight body and the Stork chassis.Dennis Brothers Limited The Times 19 December 1953; pg. 11; issue 52809 The AV1, a new diesel ambulance chassis, returned ambulances to the Dennis product line-up during 1954.
|
|
Under Geely ownership, Volvo has refocused its product lineup. The manufacturer has developed a new line of 3- and 4-cylinder diesel and petrol engines while eliminating larger engines. It has also developed a new vehicle platform, the Scalable Product Architecture (SPA), and re-introduced an expanded -90 series of models, including the S90 sedan and Volvo V90 wagon in addition to a redesigned XC90 SUV. In 2015, Volvo sold more than half a million cars for the first time in its 89-year history.
|
|
Peugeot launched a new entry-level model in November 1991 - the 106 \- to slot into the range below the 205. With 1.1 and 1.4 petrol engines as well as a 1.5 diesel, the 106 was initially sold as only a three-door model. It was sold as a cheaper, more modern, though slightly smaller, alternative to the larger 205. Although the 205 was to continue for a few more years, the 309 would be replaced by 1993 with a new hatchback to be called the 306.
|
|
The new HiAce of 1977 featured a longer, and more streamlined cab with single headlights. As the second generations dimensions grew, it was joined by a smaller, junior-level cabover van called the Toyota LiteAce to continue to offer dimensions closer to the first generation. In addition to the petrol engines, a 2.2-litre diesel engine was offered in certain markets. New for the "20–40 series" HiAce was a double- cab pick-up, super-long-wheelbase van, and a super long, high-roof Commuter.
|
|
The second generation Nissan Primera was launched in the end of 1995 in Japan, and in the autumn of 1996 in Europe. Unique in its class, new Primera featured multi link beam rear suspension with multi-link front suspension. Nissan Primera UK GT. The UK GT was the Sunderland built Primera hatchback exported to Japan as a captive import. As before, in Europe the Primera was sold with 1.6 L and 2.0 L petrol engines and a 2.0 L diesel, with hatchback, saloon and estate bodystyles.
|
|
The first facelift in 1983 changed mostly the interior, at the same time as the engine cover was changed and the turbo- diesel and inline-6 petrol engines were introduced. A redesigned dashboard was added and various other small things were changed. The undercarriage had an additional third wheelbase as an option for platform-type vehicles, at up to 4.6 metres in length. Volkswagen LT 28 converted to a campervan Two years later, Volkswagen again increased the gross vehicle weight, with the 5.6 ton LT 55\.
|
|
The Wolseley engine and dynamo Various petrol engines were used, an 85 hp Napier engine was the first to be installed, but these were found to be unsatisfactory, so were replaced in 1904 by Wolseley engines. These flat-four engines produced 92 bhp at their normal rated speed of 400rpm, and well over 100 bhp when run at 480rpm. The cylinders were 8.5 inch diameter with 10 inch stroke. The engine had a 3-foot diameter flywheel, and was coupled directly to a Westinghouse multi-polar dynamo.
|
|
The first series of the Ignis (codenamed HT51S and HT81S) was manufactured as a three- and five-door hatchback, powered by a new generation of Suzuki inline- four petrol engines, the M family. This family featured DOHC, four valves per cylinder and variable valve timing. Engines were offered in two displacements: 1.3 litres (M13A) and 1.5 litres (M15A), with power outputs of (JIS) and (JIS), respectively. Suzuki assigned the HT51S model code to the 1.3-liter model, with the 1.5-liter versions allocated the HT81S code.
|
|
VANOS units on the intake and exhaust camshafts of a BMW N52 engine VANOS is a variable valve timing system used by BMW on various automotive petrol engines since 1992. The name is an abbreviation of the German words for variable camshaft timing: variable nockenwellensteuerung. The initial version (retrospectively renamed "single VANOS") was solely used on the intake camshaft, while the later "double VANOS" systems are used on intake and exhaust camshafts. Since 2001, VANOS is often used in conjunction with the valvetronic variable valve lift system.
|
|
Four-stroke cycle used in gasoline/petrol engines: intake (1), compression (2), power (3), and exhaust (4). The right blue side is the intake port and the left brown side is the exhaust port. The cylinder wall is a thin sleeve surrounding the piston head which creates a space for the combustion of fuel and the genesis of mechanical energy. A four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft.
|
|
In July 1987, Peugeot announced the 405 as four door sedan only body style, and sales began soon after on the left-hand drive continental markets. It succeeded the long- running Peugeot 305. It went on sale on the right hand drive market in the United Kingdom in January 1988, with right hand drive versions being produced at the former plant of Rootes/Chrysler at Ryton near Coventry, and left hand drive production taking place at Sochaux in France. Four cylinder petrol engines ranging from were available.
|
|
In 1915, the Admiralty produced a Staff Requirement requesting designs for a Coastal Motor Boat for service in the North Sea. These boats were expected to have a high speed, making use of the lightweight and powerful petrol engines then available. The speed of the boat when fully loaded was to be at least and sufficient fuel was to be carried to give a considerable radius of action. They were to be armed in a variety of ways, with torpedoes, depth charges or for laying mines.
|
|
Toyota Dyna U200 Toyota Dyna Super Low Cab The sixth generation of the Dyna was introduced on 11 May 1995. New additions to the engines included the 5.3-liter J05C directed injected diesel engine along with a four valve 4.1-liter 15B-F engine. The diesel engines were designed to comply with new vehicle emissions standards. Additions to the petrol engines included a 2.7-litre four valve 3RZ-FE engine as well as an LPG variant of the same engine with a code of 3RZ-FP.
|
|
The T150 Carina introduced in Japan in May 1984, while on the same chassis, used completely different body panels featuring squarer, more aggressive styling. To further complicate matters there were also RWD models of both Carina and Corona available in the Japanese market. Two carburetted petrol engines (1.6 or 1.8) and one diesel option were available, although the 1.8 was only sold in certain markets. Equipment levels were DX and GL, although following a facelift in December 1985 these changed to XL and SX in some markets.
|
|
In 1988 the Toyota Carina II was released, based on the Japanese market T170 Corona introduced the previous year. Compared to the Corona, front and rear light clusters, front grille and some trim are different, and the rear number plate recess was moved up from the bumper up to the boot lid. In the generation, beside sedan and liftback body styles, the wagon body style was also available. The car had three engine variants, the 4A and 3S-FE petrol engines, and a 2C diesel engine.
|
|
In a naturally aspirated engine, air for combustion (Diesel cycle in a Diesel engine or specific types of Otto cycle in petrol engines, namely petrol direct injection) or an air/fuel mixture (traditional Otto cycle petrol engines), is drawn into the engine's cylinders by atmospheric pressure acting against a partial vacuum that occurs as the piston travels downwards toward bottom dead centre during the intake stroke. Owing to innate restriction in the engine's inlet tract, which includes the intake manifold, a small pressure drop occurs as air is drawn in, resulting in a volumetric efficiency of less than 100 percent—and a less than complete air charge in the cylinder. The density of the air charge, and therefore the engine's maximum theoretical power output, in addition to being influenced by induction system restriction, is also affected by engine speed and atmospheric pressure, the latter of which decreases as the operating altitude increases. This is in contrast to a forced-induction engine, in which a mechanically driven supercharger or an exhaust-driven turbocharger is employed to facilitate increasing the mass of intake air beyond what could be produced by atmospheric pressure alone.
|
|
W140 remains the only S-Class to have wider range of transmissions during its eight-year run. The transmission choices at the introduction was 5-speed manual and 4-speed 4G-Tronic automatic. A new 5-speed 5G-Tronic was introduced in 1994 for inline 6 petrol engines only. In September 1995, 5G-Tronic was updated with electronic control for more optimal shifting points based on the sensor readings and became the sole automatic transmission option for the entire model range from 1996 to 1998. The models equipped with inline 6 petrol engines have 5-speed manual transmission as standard with either 4-speed or 5-speed automatic transmission as extra-cost options. In June 1996, both 4-speed and 5-speed automatic transmissions were replaced by 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission. The inline 6 diesel engines were never offered with manual transmissions, following the "tradition" with W116 and W126. S 300 TURBODIESEL, introduced in 1996, received the 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission. The models with V8 and V12 engines were offered with 4-speed automatic transmission as standard until August 1995.
|
|
The XUD diesel engine version was launched in November 1983. The diesel and turbo diesel models were to become the most successful variants, they were especially popular as estates and became the best selling diesel car in Britain in the late 1980s. Despite being launched on the continent in the autumn of 1982, it wasn't launched onto the British market until August 1983, initially only with 1.3 and 1.6 petrol engines, although further engine options and the estate model would arrive later, and it was one of the most popular foreign-built cars there during the second half of the 1980s. However, just 485 examples were remaining on Britain's roads by February 2016. All petrol engines were badged as 11, 14, 16, 19—signifying engine size (in some countries, a weaker, version of the 1.6 L engine was badged as the BX15E instead of BX16). The 11TE model was seen by foreign motoring press as slow and uncomfortable. The 1.1 L engine with engine code H1A was specially tuned for Italy, Greece and Portugal. It was fitted to the cars made from 1988 to 1993 and produced 40 kW (55 hp DIN) at 5800 rpm.
|
|
A Class C motorhome A Class C motorhome is built upon a minimal truck platform with a forward engine and transmission connected by driveshaft to a rear axle that propels dual-mounted rear wheels. Class C motorhomes are typically powered by gasoline (petrol) engines, although some have been converted to run on propane (autogas) while others use diesels. Transmissions are almost always automatic. The original chassis is equipped from the truck factory to the coach builder with an attached forward cab section that is van or conventional truck based (known as a cutaway chassis).
|
|
The 2.7-litre and 4.0-litre petrol engines were updated with Dual VVT-i. The second generation Fortuner features a part-time 4WD system instead of the full-time 4WD system used in the previous generation. All variants have ABS, EBD, dual airbags plus knee airbag, follow me home light function, all around sensor, glove box with chiller function, digital automatic climate control, all auto power windows along with tilt and telescopic steering wheel as standard. All variants have Eco Mode and Power Mode features to adjust throttle responses.
|
|
The Toyota FA and BA were heavy duty trucks introduced in February 1954. They were facelifted versions of the earlier BX/FX trucks, retaining those trucks Type B and Type F six-cylinder petrol engines. The first letter in the model name indicates the engine family fitted; in 1957 the Type D diesel engine was introduced in a model known as the DA. The second letter indicated the size of the truck, with shorter medium duty versions being coded BC/FC/DC. A second letter "B" was used on bus versions of this chassis.
|
|
The second generation of the BMW 8 Series consists of the BMW G14 (convertible version), BMW G15 (two-door coupe version) and BMW G16 (four-door "Gran Coupe" sedan version) grand tourers. The G14/G15/G16 generation has been in production since 2018, and is often collectively referred to as the G15. It is the successor to the BMW 6 Series range and marks the return of the BMW 8 Series nameplate after nearly two decades. The G15 is powered by turbocharged six-cylinder petrol, six-cylinder diesel and V8 petrol engines.
|
|
Since "modern" fishing in California was developed after 1850 (at about the same time as steamships) there were soon some steam-powered fishing vessels being used for longer-distance fishing in bigger boats. The steam was used both for propulsion and also for winching in nets, unloading catches, lifting and lowering anchors etc. As the diesel engines and petrol engines (gasoline engine) were developed in the early 1900s they were soon the engine of choice. Diesel engines are now the engine of choice for powering most commercial fishing vessels.
|
|
The Peugeot RCZ is a sports coupé designed and marketed by Peugeot and assembled by Magna Steyr, a subsidiary of Magna International for model years 2009–2015. Launched into production in April 2010 and available in almost 80 countries (not including the US), the RCZ was formally introduced at the Frankfurt Auto Show in 2009, having debuted as the 308 RCZ concept car at the 2007 Frankfurt show. Petrol engines are based on Prince platform while diesel is part of the HDi project. RCZ was developed under code name "T75".
|
|
A 2.5 V6 unit was also planned, capable of almost 150 mph, at a later date. While it received some criticism from the motoring press, it still becomes a top-seller in its class. Ford gave its six- year-old Fiesta a redesign of the exterior and interior in October becoming the MK4 along with a retuning of the chassis and the introduction of new 1.25 and 1.4 Zetec petrol engines. The 1.3 Endura E petrol engine remained for the entry-level models, while the 1.0 and 1.1 HCS (High Compression Swirl) units were shelved.
|
|
The Peugeot 106 is a city car produced by French automaker Peugeot between 1991 and 2003. Launched in September 1991, it was Peugeot's entry level offering throughout its production life, and was initially sold only as a three door hatchback, with a five door hatchback joining the range in the beginning of 1992. Production ended in July 2003. For the first year of production, the 1.0 and 1.1 petrol engines came with a carburettor, but were replaced by fuel injected engines from the end of 1992, as a result of EEC emissions regulations.
|
|
The W223 directs heat from the engine to the wheel arches and underbody to improve airflow and has a drag coefficient of 0.22 Cd. All models at launch except S 350 d are offered exclusively with 4MATIC all-wheel drive. The models with six-cylinder inline petrol engines have a 48V electrical system to provide additional power when needed. This also provided the power for the air conditioning system and for recharging the battery. It is also used as a starter motor in lieu of separate and dedicated starter motor.
|
|
The Rapid line-up features three petrol engines and one diesel with various power outputs, all compliant to Euro 5 standards. Several of the petrol units have also been Euro 6 compliant since 2015. All engines are four cylinder, except the base 1.2 petrol which is a three-cylinder unit 7-speed DSG is standard for the top of the range 1.4 litre TSI petrol engine, and option for the 1.6 litre diesel with 66 KW. Trim levels are Active, Ambition and Elegance in most markets, or S, SE and Elegance in the United Kingdom.
|
|
Hugo Junkers' early engineering experience was with stationary opposed-piston two-stroke diesel engines for industrial applications and this arrangement was eventually adapted for aircraft use. Nonetheless, his company's first aero engine was a petrol-fuelled four-stroke, the 6-cylinder inline air-cooled L1. L was Junkers' notation for petrol engines from the L1 to the L10, which became the Jumo 210 in 1931. It first ran in 1921 and was the subject of much static testing, but the intention was always to produce a flight engine.
|
|
At the same time, Volvo began to phase out the five-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, the six-cylinder petrol engines as well as any four-cylinder engines from other manufacturers. Until the end of 2015, nearly all other engines had been phased out, with only a few non VEA engines remaining in production for select models. In December 2014, Volvo introduced the first hybrid variant of a VEA engine with the launch of the XC90 T8. It uses an electric rear axle drive (ERAD) for both electric propulsion and AWD capabilities.
|
|
The F136, commonly known as Ferrari-Maserati engine, is a family of 90° V8 petrol engines jointly developed by Ferrari and Maserati and produced by Ferrari; these engines displace between 4.2 L and 4.7 L, and produce between and . All engines are naturally aspirated, incorporate dual overhead camshafts, variable valve timing, and four valves per cylinder. The architecture was produced in various configurations for Ferrari and Maserati automobiles, and the Alfa Romeo 8C. Production started in 2001 when Ferrari owned Maserati, Ferrari itself owned by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, formerly Fiat S.p.
|
|
There are six turbocharged direct-injection engines whose power outputs range from to . Four of the petrol engines (TSI) and one diesel (TDI) are available with the DSG dual-clutch gearbox; while three of the engines are available with energy-saving BlueMotion Technology. In February 2012, Volkswagen announced that they would build a Cabriolet version of the GTI, powered by a 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine. As of October 2016, VW announced that the Golf cabriolet will no longer be sold in the U.K. due to financial reasons.
|
|
The 5 Series now features the Parking assist system shared with the 3 Series, it has a Reversing Assistant function that enables the car to backtrack where it came. On top of this, the Parking Assistant Professional incorporates the new Drive Recorder function that can record up to 40 seconds of footage using various cameras. The engine range has been revamped and features twin-turbocharging for all diesel engines along with optimised direct injection for petrol engines. The hybrid models get a 48-volt system which adds to the total engine output.
|
|
The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) in its 2011 Hybrid Scorecard ranked the Lexus CT 200h, together with the Lincoln MKZ Hybrid, as the top luxury hybrid models in the scorecard's environmental improvement category, an achievement the UCS attributed to their relatively small petrol engines, as both carmakers downsized these vehicles' engines from six to four cylinders to maximize fuel economy. The UCS evaluation found that the Lexus CT 200h reduces greenhouse emissions by 42.9% as compared to the Lexus IS 250, used as its petrol-only similar for this comparison.
|
|
Four railcars entered service on the NCC's lines between 1933 and 1938. They were all double-ended single units with underfloor engines and running on two four-wheel bogies. The first of these, No.1, was long and seated 61 passengers. It had a traditionally constructed wooden body and was powered by two Leyland petrol engines with hydraulic transmission in the form of Lysholm-Smith torque converters. No.1 was re-engined with Leyland diesels in 1947 and again in 1959. The next car, No.2, introduced in 1934, was to a radically different design.
|
|
Repairs took longer than expected, and R100 remained in the shed until 21 May, when it made a 24-hour flight intended to test the new engine installation and modifications to the cover. R100's contract had originally called for a demonstration flight to India. The decision to use petrol engines resulted in a change in destination to Canada, as it was considered that a flight to the tropics with petrol aboard would be too hazardous. All being well, it was planned to set off for Canada on 25 May.
|
|
Honda introduced a new medium-sized family saloon - the Ballade - which gave traditionalists a viable alternative to the Civic hatchback. It will be imported to the USA as a Civic, but the British version will go into production next year as part of a venture with British Leyland. The Civic, Honda's best-selling model, was redesigned to exhibit a more aerodynamic shape and a more extensive range of trim levels. The 1.3 and 1.5 petrol engines are both new to the range, replacing the outdated 1.3 power unit from the original Civic range.
|
|
The Vauxhall Astra was redesigned with the third-generation model in October 1991, seven years after the launch of the second generation model. It was available in 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 petrol engines as well as a 1.7 diesel (turbo or non-turbo). The 2.0 version came with 8-valve for the 2.0i CD and 2.0 SRi, while the 16-valve version came in the 130 mph+ GSi. All models got fuel injection as standard, as Britain prepared for the legislation which outlawed the sale of carburettor-engined cars after 1992.
|
|
F20 5-door hatchback F21 3-door hatchback The F20/F21 is the second generation of the 1 Series, which was released in 2011. The body styles of the F20/F21 range are a 3-door hatchback (model code F21) and a 5-door hatchback (model code F20). For the second generation of 1 Series, the coupe and convertible models were spun off to create the BMW 2 Series range. The F20/F21 was initially powered by four- cylinder petrol, four-cylinder diesel and six-cylinder petrol engines.
|
|
Richard van Basshuysen (ed.): Ottomotor mit Direkteinspritzung und Direkteinblasung: Ottokraftstoffe · Erdgas · Methan · Wasserstoff. 4th edition, Springer, Wiesbaden 2017, . p. 421 Turbocharged Volkswagen engines labelled TFSI and TSI have always used the homogeneous mode.Richard van Basshuysen (ed.): Ottomotor mit Direkteinspritzung und Direkteinblasung: Ottokraftstoffe · Erdgas · Methan · Wasserstoff. 4th edition, Springer, Wiesbaden 2017, . p. 438 Like the latter VW engines, newer direct injected petrol engines (from 2017 onwards) usually also use the more conventional homogeneous charge mode, in conjunction with variable valve timing, to obtain good efficiency. Stratified charge concepts have mostly been abandoned.
|
|
The T4 was also available with a permanent 4WD system that uses a Viscous coupling unit as a centre differential to regulate the distribution of torque to the rear axle. These models are called "syncro" and were available with the 2.4D, 2.5Tdi and 2.5 petrol engines on all body types and both wheelbases. Some syncro models also have a mechanically locking rear differential. Since the rear differential precludes the placement of the spare wheel in the usual place under the body, syncro vans either store it inside the body or on an external, hinged bracket.
|
|
R172 SLK-Class Mercedes-benz SLC-Class Front (left) The R172 SLK was released in 2011. It was available with a range of inline-four, V6, and V8, diesel and petrol engines, and introduced an electronically operated window tint shade for the sunroof, called Magic Sky Control. The facelift was released for vehicles produced from March 2016, to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the SLK-Class. The model range was also renamed to SLC-Class to conform to the new Mercedes nomenclature, and introduced new engines and a revised design.
|
|
The Passat was one of the most modern European family cars at the time, and was intended as a replacement for the ageing Volkswagen Type 3 and Type 4. The only other European cars of its size to feature front-wheel drive and a hatchback were the Renault 16 and Austin Maxi. The Passat originally featured the four-cylinder OHC 1.3-litre () and 1.5-litre (/) petrol engines also used in the Audi 80—longitudinally mounted with front-wheel drive, in Audi tradition, with either a four-speed manual transmission or three-speed automatic.
|
|
There was an extensive narrow gauge tramway operated by the Eclipse Peat Company to take workers to remote locations and then extract heavy loads of cut peat. Developed from 1922, it was initially operated by horses. The tramway had its mainworks at the Broomfield Works, where from the 1930s the company constructed its own locomotives from kits supplied by R.A. Listers of Dursley, based around either Lister diesel or J.A.P. petrol engines. The railway crossed both the Glastonbury Canal and the former Somerset Central Railway from Burnham-on-Sea to Wells, near Ashcott railway station.
|
|
The Oddfellows is long and has a beam of and with the engine raised a draught of just .Lifeboat Specifications retrieved 18 March 2013 The propulsion is provided by two Yamaha inversion-proof four- stroke petrol engines. The motors are capable of pushing the lifeboat through the water at speeds in excess of . The lifeboat is launched with a crew of four aboard and uses a Do-Do (drive on - drive off) trolley pushed directly into the sea by a Talus MB-4H amphibious tractor via the station slipway.
|
|
Nissan has confirmed that the Datsun badge is to be withdrawn from the entire model range after this year and that the Nissan badge will be universal. The first car to wear this badge is the all-new Micra, a small three-door hatchback powered by economical 1.0 and 1.2 petrol engines. It is aimed directly at the likes of the Austin Metro and Ford Fiesta, promising class-leading levels of quality and economy. It is expected to be an eventual replacement for the Cherry, which is slightly larger.
|
|
VAZ 2108 Samara (3-door), shorter hood and fender of older versions The Samara was a car that combined a robust build and ease of maintenance with a modern style. It was produced in various three, four and five-door designs with 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5-litre petrol engines. Lada had hoped that the Samara would enable it to compete for sales in the mainstream European car market. It was the second autonomous design from AvtoVAZ (the first was the Niva SUV), and the first Lada car not based on the Fiat-derived mechanicals.
|
|
28 boats were built between 1931 and 1941. The introduction of tractors to assist with carriage launching enabled the RNLI to consider a heavier, twin-engined version of the Liverpool class and a prototype was ordered but was destroyed in an air raid at the builder's yard at Cowes in May 1942. Production got underway early in 1945 and the boat was powered by two Weyburn AE4 four-cylinder petrol engines mounted in a watertight compartment. The extra redundancy of twin engines reduced the need for auxiliary sails.
|
|
In the late 1970s, British Leyland became aware of the increasing importance of diesel engined cars to the British, European and (especially) North American markets in the wake of the 1979 energy crisis. It was decided that a new series of diesel engines powerful, refined and economical enough for use in BL cars was needed. However, with development funding tight, it was necessary to use existing BL petrol engines as a base. This included a diesel version of the V8, the development project for which was code-named 'Iceberg'.
|
|
The BMW E28 is the second generation of BMW 5 Series executive cars, which was produced from 1981 to 1988 and replaced the E12 5 Series. The E28 was initially produced with straight-four and straight-six petrol engines until 1983, when the 524td model became the first BMW car to be powered by a diesel engine. It was also the first 5 Series with the centre console angled towards the driver and to be available with anti-lock brakes (ABS). The first BMW M5 was produced during the E28 generation.
|
|
AMG 1993 DTM competition car AMG was not part of Mercedes-Benz when the 190 was first produced, but a separate racing and tuning company. As AMG had racing experience in the DTM, they were tuning all the factory petrol engines for the customers and 190 E was one of them. Engine tuning added over the standard car. Along with that aerodynamic features were added to the cars such as rear spoilers and front splitters in order to improve high speed stability, alloy wheels and a leather interior.
|
|
The Deltic story began in 1943 when the British Admiralty set up a committee to develop a high-power, lightweight diesel engine for motor torpedo boats. Hitherto in the Royal Navy, such boats had been driven by petrol engines, but their highly flammable fuel made them vulnerable to fire, unlike the opposing diesel-powered E-boats. Until this time, diesel engines had poor power-to- weight ratios and low speed. Before the war, Napier had been working on an aviation diesel design known as the Culverin after licensing versions of the Junkers Jumo 204.
|
|
As built, they were fitted with petrol engines, the first four (CPH 3-6) receiving a 6-cylinder 75 hp Thornycroft Z6 and the others a 6-cylinder 95 hp Leyland type with a four-speed mechanical transmission controlled by a lever in the cab. Some units were later fitted with a 6-cylinder 150 hp Leyland petrol engine and a Lysholm-Smith hydraulic transmission. Experiments were also made with AEC and Winton engines in some vehicles. A 6-cylinder 120 hp Leyland diesel engine was also trialled in one unit.
|
|
The car interior is also updated with new upholsteries, three new dashboards looks, as well as the new Uconnect 5.0 infotainment systems. The engine range now consists two turbo diesel engines (the updated E5+ 85 PS 1.3 L JTDM and the 120 PS 1.6 L JTDM) and five petrol engines: the 70 PS 1.4, the 78 PS 1.4, the 135 PS 1.4 MultiAir Turbo (with manual or Alfa TCT Dual Dry Clutch Transmission) and the 170 PS 1.4 MultiAir Turbo. The range has also 120 HP 1.4 LPG Turbo option.
|
|
The design was still regarded as suffering from some of the same disadvantages, such as the two flammable petrol engines and the poor means of entry and exit. These flaws became especially evident when the vehicle was tested in combat during the Soviet–Afghan War. As a result, in 1984 the Soviet Army took delivery of a new wheeled armored personnel carrier, the BTR-80, which was powered by a single 260 horsepower diesel engine and a simpler drive train. Production of the BTR-70 was terminated that year.
|
|
Engine compartment of a Rail-Truck The Auto-Truck was one of several monowheel tractors to appear in the 1920s and '30s, with the availability of small, reliable petrol engines, as developed for motorcycles and the stationary engines for which Lister were already known. These were tricycle vehicles, with the single leading wheel used for both drive and steering. Their simple construction carried most of the mechanism on this wheel as a single unit, the chassis with the trailing wheels being little more than a trailer for balance. Simplicity was a key feature.
|
|
Approximate route of Mimi and Toutou overland to Lake Tanganyika (July-October 1915). The ships eventually named the Mimi and Toutou were being built at the Thornycroft Yards on the Thames at the beginning of the war. Originally commissioned for the Greek Air Force, the ships were requisitioned by the Admiralty to meet the needs of a scheme to create an African inland navy. Both Mimi and her sister ship HMS Toutou had a length of and could travel at up to by virtue of two petrol engines attached to twin screws.
|
|
The boat is powered by two 27-liter Rolls Royce Meteor V12 petrol engines from two Swedish Centurion tanks, based on the same aluminium motor block as used in the British World War 2 Spitfire fighter plane. Fitted with compressors, the two engines yield a combined power output of about 1800 kW (2500 hp) and a torque of 2400 Nm. The boat has a fixed-angle propeller shaft angled about 5 to 6 degrees, as in the original drawing. With the current setup, top speed is claimed to lie around 140 to 150 km/h.
|
|
The first two boats were completely open with no shelter, not considered to be a problem for the kind of services that they were intended for. The boats were powered by two 2-cylinder Weyburn F2 horizontal petrol engines and whereas the first boat had twin screws, the second was propelled by Hotchkiss cones, a kind of water impeller. While this was a benefit in shallow waters, the cone powered boat was around 1 knot slower than the screw version. The first two boats served for less than ten years before being sold off.
|
|
The first Ramsgate was an open design with no cockpits and low end boxes. Powered by a single 80 bhp Weyburn built DE6 6-cylinder petrol engine driving a single screw, the boat retained an auxiliary sailing rig as well as six oars. The other two boats were substantially redesigned, being six inches longer and powered by two 40 bhp Weyburn built CE4 4-cylinder petrol engines driving twin screws. The sailing rig was much reduced and the boats had a shelter ahead of the cockpit covering the engine controls.
|
|
In Europe, the Swift was launched in three- or five-door hatchback forms, with 1.3- and 1.5-litre petrol engines, and a 1.3-litre DDiS engine supplied by Fiat. The 1.3 petrol is also available with an automated manual transmission or with a four-wheel drive. Both the 1.3-litre and 1.5-litre petrol models are available with four-wheel drive and hold the chassis numbers, ZD11S and ZD21S. In Indonesia, there were several special editions based from the 1.5-litre Swift with Swift Sport bodykit, known as GT, GT2 and GT3.
|
|
Part of this plan was to fit Rolls-Royce petrol engines to all its vehicles (even though most were not actually built by R-R). A batch of series-I Land Rovers were fitted with Rolls-Royce B40 four-cylinder engine, which required modification to an wheelbase). However, the engine was too heavy and slow-revving, which stunted performance and produced torque that the Rover gearbox could only just cope with. Rover convinced the MOD that, considering the quantities of Land Rovers they were considering ordering, that the standard 1.6-litre engine would suffice.
|
|
As well as making their own products, Nivens were New Zealand agents for many other companies. By 1907 Jas. J. Niven were sole agents for Linde British freezing machines, National gas and petrol engines and suction gas plants, Gwynnes pumps, Blackman Ventilating fans, Brown and May steam engines, Electromotors Ltd and Unbreakable Pulley and Mill Gearing Co. In 1913 the head office moved to Wellington, but the Napier works was expanded. Later they were also agents for Bosch, R.B.F. Ball Bearings, Schebler Carburettors, Nelsons Patent Steel Fencing, Permutit.
|
|
The Japanese Automotive Standards Organization (JASO) has created their own set of performance and quality standards for petrol engines of Japanese origin. For four-stroke gasoline engines, the JASO T904 standard is used, and is particularly relevant to motorcycle engines. The JASO T904-MA and MA2 standards are designed to distinguish oils that are approved for wet clutch use, with MA2 lubricants delivering higher friction performance. The JASO T904-MB standard denotes oils not suitable for wet clutch use, and are therefore used in scooters equipped with continuously variable transmissions.
|
|
Although Petrol and Diesel engines appear similar in operation, the two types operate on entirely different principles. In earlier manufactured editions the external characteristics were obvious. Most petrol engines were carbureted, sucking the fuel/air mixture into the engine, while the diesel only sucked in air and the fuel was directly injected at high pressure into the cylinder. In the conventional four-stroke petrol engine the spark plug commences to ignite the mixture in the cylinder at up to forty degrees before top dead centre while the piston is still travelling up the bore.
|
|
The Polo is a compact car, with a traditional transversely mounted engine and front wheel drive. Mk1 Polos only came with four cylinder petrol engines, but for the Mk2, a diesel engine was offered for the first time, although only in certain markets, others having to wait until the launch of the Mk3. The current range includes a variety of three and four cylinder petrol and diesel engines. Early versions used a four-speed manual transmission, whilst the current car is available with either six speed manual or five speed automatic transmission.
|
|
Also new to the range were 1.4 (8-valve or 16-valve) and 1.6 petrol engines as well as a 1.9 diesel (with or without a turbocharger). The saloon and estate versions of the Mark III, which debuted in 1995, were essentially rebadged version of the SEAT Córdoba, which were launched early in 1994. They were referred to internally by Volkswagen as the Typ 6KV, and shared body panels with the SEAT model rather than the Polo hatchback models, with some cosmetic alterations such as new rear and front bumpers and headlights.
|
|
The powertrain range consists of two petrol engines: a 1.3-litre VVT unit and a 1.5-litre DVVT one, both equipped with start-stop function and delivering improved performance compared to the previous generation. The 1.3-litre engine offers a maximum power of and a peak torque of , having a fuel economy of . The 1.5-litre engine generates a maximum power of and a peak torque of , having a fuel economy of . It was developed by SAIC-GM and Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center (PATAC) engineers, and is available only as a four-door saloon.
|
|
Cummins ISB 6.7L medium-duty truck diesel engine Most small trucks such as sport utility vehicles (SUVs), vans or pickups, and even light medium-duty trucks in North America, China, and Russia use gasoline engines (petrol engines), but many diesel engined models are now being produced. Most of the heavier trucks use four-stroke diesel engines with a turbocharger and intercooler. Huge off-highway trucks use locomotive-type engines such as a V12 Detroit Diesel two stroke engine. Diesel engines are becoming the engine of choice for trucks ranging from class 3 to 8 GVWs.
|
|
By 1903 Vickers were reporting poor results due to insufficient orders (in particular field guns) and in March 1904 pulled out, the works subsequently closing in October 1904. A 21-year lease to William Towler (trading as the Medway Steel Company) followed but then the works finally closed. In the years prior to the First World War the Pelican Yard was built up and used for the assembly and testing of petrol engines for rollers and lorries. On the outbreak of war petrol work stopped and the works were used as a store.
|
|
Rolls-Royce Motors Limited was incorporated on 25 April 1971, two and a half months after Rolls- Royce fell into receivership. Under the ownership of the receiver it began to trade in April 1971 manufacturing motor cars, diesel and petrol engines, coachwork and other items previously made by Rolls-Royce's motor car and diesel divisions and Mulliner Park Ward. It continued to take precision engineering work on sub-contracts. In June 1971 it acquired all the business and assets used by the motor car and diesel divisions of Rolls-Royce and Mulliner Park Ward.
|
|
Very large power increases are possible, and if the mechanical structure of the engine is not properly reinforced, the engine may be severely damaged, or destroyed, during this kind of operation. It is very important with nitrous oxide augmentation of petrol engines to maintain proper operating temperatures and fuel levels to prevent "pre-ignition",Cline, Allen W. (January 2000) "Engine Basics: Detonation and Pre-Ignition". CONTACT! Magazine or "detonation" (sometimes referred to as "knock"). Most problems that are associated with nitrous oxide do not come from mechanical failure due to the power increases.
|
|
In 1903, Lee left Daimler convinced that his future lay, not in electrical engineering, but in the development of the internal combustion engine. That year he, in partnership with Jens Stroyer, a Dane, founded the Lee Stroyer company in Coventry, producing petrol engines, and a limited number of cars. Following the departure of Stroyer in 1905 Lee relocated and renamed the company Coventry Simplex. The company continued the production of engines which were used in many early cars including the Abbey, the Ashton-Evans, the Crouch 11/27 and Marendaz cars.
|
|
Lack of boot space and other factors led to Rover reengineering the rear end to take a modified form of the Maestro rear suspension and the product was renamed R3. By the time the car was launched, Honda and Rover had already been "divorced" after the BMW takeover the previous year. The new 200 used K-Series petrol engines, most notably the 1.8 L VVC version from the MGF, and L-series diesel engine. During the mid 1990s the L-Series was a very competitive engine, regarded as second only to the VW TDI in overall performance, and an improvement over the R8s XUD, particularly in fuel economy while almost matching it for refinement. Launched with 1.4i 16v () and 1.6i 16v () petrol engines and 2.0 turbodiesel ( and intercooled versions) engines, the range grew later to include a 1.1i () and 1.4i 8v () engines and also 1.8 16v units in standard () and variable valve formats (). R65 Peugeot/Rover Manual gearboxes carried over from the R8 Rover 200 were available across the range and a CVT option was available on the 1.6i 16v unit. The R3 featured a completely redesigned interior and dashboard to accommodate the fitment of a passenger airbag in line with new safety standards.
|
|
The Lada Niva was formally renamed LADA 4×4 back in 2006 and it is continued to be offered with a low-range gearbox, differential lock, ABS, airbags, heated front seats, air conditioning, servomotor for the steering column, underbody protection, and more. Prices for the model started at €10,990. It is available in five body styles; three- and five-door hatchbacks, two- and four- door pickups, and a two-door van. Two petrol engines are available for the model – the standard 1.7-l and the 1.8-l (only for five-door model) along with a five-speed manual transmission.
|
|
Mazda MX-5 ND 2.0 L SKYACTIV-G engine The fourth generation MX-5 is shorter and lighter than its predecessor, putting the vehicle's curb weight near . Incorporating Mazda's SKYACTIV technology, the Miata is offered with a choice of two direct injection, naturally aspirated petrol engines. The base model has a 1.5 L engine, while the North American (United States and Canada) ND1 (pre-2019) cars are rated at at 6000 rpm and at 4600 rpm of torque. Mazda also replaced the hydraulic power steering system that the previous Miatas had with their new Electric Power Assisted Steering (EPAS) system.
|
|
The last SAT-produced Hercules based engine unit was mounted on the first Sisu KB-45 military lorry prototype in 1964. In the 1950s the lorry and bus model selection diversified heavily and diesel engines became more common pushing aside the self-produced petrol engines. For a short time in late 1940s Hercules diesels were used, but as soon as their production ended, SAT was forced to find new power options. West German Henschels proved sturdy engines, but their power-to-weight ratio was not good, and moreover, the vehicle structures suffered from the heavy engine.
|
|
Most automobile petrol engines, as well as many small engines used for non-automotive purposes, are naturally aspirated. Most modern diesel engines powering highway vehicles are turbocharged to produce a more favourable power-to-weight ratio, a higher torque curve, as well as better fuel efficiency and lower exhaust emissions. Turbocharging is nearly universal on diesel engines that are used in railroad, marine engines, and commercial stationary applications (electrical power generation, for example). Forced induction is also used with reciprocating aircraft engines to negate some of the power loss that occurs as the aircraft climbs to higher altitudes.
|
|
Ride and handling was also improved. For 1993, Ford introduced a standard driver's airbag on all production models, with many cars also coming with a passenger's airbag as either standard or optional equipment. February 1993 saw Ford launch a ground- breaking new family car in the shape of the Mondeo – replacement for the Sierra made to rival the newer Opel Vectra/Vauxhall Cavalier, Peugeot 405 and Nissan Primera. Finally making the transition to front-wheel drive, the Mondeo came with an impressive range of new 16-valve Zetec petrol engines as well as a 2.5 V6 that joined the line-up in 1994.
|
|
Break-in or breaking in, also known as run-in or running in, is the procedure of conditioning a new piece of equipment by giving it an initial period of running, usually under light load, but sometimes under heavy load or normal load. It is generally a process of moving parts wearing against each other to produce the last small bit of size and shape adjustment that will settle them into a stable relationship for the rest of their working life. One of the most common examples of break-in is engine break-in for petrol engines and diesel engines.
|
|
At about a mile from the target, the MAS switched from petrol engines to silenced electrical engines for the final approach and as closing with their targets the three fired their torpedoes, a total of six. However their boldness was not rewarded, and the torpedoes scored no hits; five became entangled in nets, or otherwise failed to explode, while the sixth exploded harmlessly, slightly damaging a freighter and raising the alarm. Despite the alert, the MAS boats were able to escape, and making a dash down the channel, regained the open sea where they were reunited with their escort.
|
|
It was originally sold with only 1.4 and 1.6 petrol engines, although the 16 valve 1.8 and 2.0 engines with fuel injection became available there in the early 1990s. The digital dashboard of higher end models proved to be controversial and unreliable. The car launched into a favourable market in the United Kingdom, where none of the "big three" carmakers (Ford, Vauxhall, and Austin Rover) had launched an all new car of this size for at least four years. However, these three marques all had new Tipo sized products within three years, and increased competition reduced the Tipo's sales.
|
|
V26 gear selector and fascia Daimler Straight-Eight engines were eight- cylinder in-line petrol engines made by the Daimler Company to power the largest and most expensive cars in their range. The Straight-Eight engines replaced Daimler's earlier Double-Six V12 engines. Unlike the Double-Six engines, which used sleeve valves based on the Knight patents, the Straight- Eights used conventional poppet valves in the overhead valve configuration. Three series of Straight-Eight engines were built between 1934 and the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939; another series, the DE36, was built after the war from 1946 to 1953.
|
|
During its time at Narrabri one of the regiment's three armoured squadrons was re-equipped with M3 Stuart light tanks, in order to conform with the establishment that had been set for armoured units being deployed to the Middle East. During this time, the other two squadrons' vehicles were converted from petrol engines to diesel. From 15 November 1942 the 2nd Armoured Brigade and the 2/8th Armoured Regiment formed part of the 3rd Armoured Division. The regiment was separated from its brigade in April 1943 and deployed to New Guinea where it took over the 2/6th Armoured Regiment's tanks.
|
|
1.3 MPI Engine 1.6 MPI Engine All internal combustion engines used in Felicia are inline four-cylinder designs, operate on the four-stroke cycle, are fuel injected, and water cooled. Also a four cylinder carburetor engine (43 kW) was available in some countries. The fundamental layout of the Felicia's powertrain included engines mounted at the front of the vehicle, and orientated transversely. The line up included the old 1.3 litre overhead valve (OHV) Škoda petrol engines, now with Bosch Mono Motronic single point fuel injection (up until 1997), and Siemens multi-point fuel injection, with two rated power outputs of and .
|
|
Although AZLK had designed and fully tested a new and more powerful generation of four-cylinder gasoline and diesel engines for the M-2141, the construction of the company's engine production plant was stopped and never resumed. Comparison between the body design of the Simca 1307 (black) and the Aleko (red) The Aleko was sold mostly on the domestic market, but in the late 1980s it was exported too. In some export markets, including France and Germany, the cars were advertised as the Lada Aleko, and diesel engines from Ford and Indenor could be delivered in addition to the standard petrol engines.
|
|
2011 marked the first major revisions in Le Mans regulations since 2007, with significant changes on both the Le Mans Prototype category (LMP) and the Grand Touring category (GT). The new ACO rules meant that the previous LMP1 cars (2007–2010) were rendered obsolete. New prototypes would have to be created. Engines in the LMP1 cars were similar to the engines in the LMP2 cars prior to 2010 (maximum engine sizes were: 3.4 L (3400 cc) for naturally aspirated engines; 2.0 L (2000 cc) for turbocharged petrol engines; 3.7 L (3700 cc) for turbocharged diesel engines).
|
|
One of the first decoy sites was constructed on Black Down on the Mendip Hills; it was code-named "Starfish", derived from Turner's original SF code, and built to protect the nearby city of Bristol. The Starfish name was eventually adopted to describe all of the SF decoy sites. The Mendip Hills site used fires of creosote and water to simulate incendiary bombs exploding. In addition, glow boxes were used to simulate the streets and railways of Bristol; the light bulbs were powered by electrical generators turned by Coventry Climax petrol engines contained in two bunkers.
|
|
In the nineteen thirties engine production increasingly focused on small industrial and agricultural engines. During WWII Prestwich produced around 240,000 industrial petrol engines in support of the war effort, together with millions of aircraft parts, fuses, etc. In 1951 the assets of J.A.Prestwich and Company Limited and Pencils Ltd were taken over by J.A.Prestwich Industries Limited which was registered on 23 April 1951 and floated on the London Stock Exchange shortly after. By 1957 practically all the shares in the company had been acquired by Villiers Engineering Company Limited of Wolverhampton, which also made motorcycle and industrial engines.
|
|
MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a manufacturer of commercial internal combustion engines founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach in 1909. Wilhelm Maybach was the technical director of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), a predecessor company of the German multinational automotive corporation Daimler AG, until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Corp), with his son Karl Maybach as director. A few years later the company was renamed to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (Maybach Engine Manufacturing Corp), which originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then railcars.
|
|
Yeasts as production organisms for butanol have decisive advantages compared to bacteria.Home . Butanol combustion is: C4H9OH + 6O2 → 4CO2 \+ 5H2O + heat Propanol combustion is: 2C3H7OH + 9O2 → 6 CO2 \+ 8H2O + heat The 3-carbon alcohol, propanol (C3H7OH), is not often used as a direct fuel source for petrol engines (unlike ethanol, methanol and butanol), with most being directed into use as a solvent. However, it is used as a source of hydrogen in some types of fuel cell; it can generate a higher voltage than methanol, which is the fuel of choice for most alcohol-based fuel cells.
|
|
This is why, despite bearing the studio's name, the Ital is absent from lists of the styling jobs handled by the firm. It was originally planned to brand the car as the Morris Marina Ital, but for most markets the Marina name was dropped on the orders of Michael Edwardes and only the Ital name was used.Marina/Ital Development Story, AROnline A Morris Ital Estate seen in Cambridge in 1981. 1984 Morris Ital Van (1.3) The Ital had revised exterior styling, but retained the Marina's 1.3 and 1.7 litre petrol engines and rear-wheel drive chassis.
|
|
Renault introduced a new front-wheel-drive range of saloons – the R9 – at the end of 1981, giving it a competitor for the new-for-1980 Ford Escort. The initial engine range included 1.1 and 1.4 petrol engines; larger engined models followed. The 1.4 version was available with a five-speed manual gearbox, a rarity in comparable cars of the time. The American market received a version of the 9, known as the Renault Alliance, as Renault attempted to gain more popularity at the far side of the Atlantic through its partnership with the American Motors Corporation.
|
|
1.3, 1.6, 2.0 and 2.3 petrol engines were carried over from the Cortina although the car rode on a new rear wheel drive platform with independent rear suspension. There was the added option of a 2.3L diesel unit sourced from Peugeot and a 5 speed gearbox became available. The Sierra divided opinion at launch over its space-age styling which also became known as the "jellymould". However, Ford dealers still had high stock of the Cortina to shift and sales of it still continued into 1983 but the Sierra still managed second place in the UK's top- selling new cars for that year.
|
|
Lada has finally made a departure from the veteran Fiat 124-based Lada Riva of 1966 vintage. Though the older car is to continue, the new Samara is a superb engineering achievement after 15 years with virtually no technical changes at Togliatti. The new car, a front-wheel drive hatchback with a choice of three or five doors, uses a completely fresh mechanical design which includes 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 petrol engines. The car has already gone on sale in the USSR, but its Western European debut is unlikely to occur for at least another year or two.
|
|
Production engines which meet the GT1 and GT2 class regulations can now be installed in LMP1 and LMP2 class cars respectively. The use of biofuels will also be allowed in the prototype categories, with petrol engines allowed to run 10% ethanol, and diesel teams allowed to use biodiesel. The GT1 and GT2 categories remained unchanged in the new rules. Prior to the Le Mans Test Day, Audi announced that they would be the first team to adapt their cars to use 10% biodiesel as allowed by the new rules, with partner Shell developing a biomass to liquid fuel.
|
|
Land Rover 2.25-litre on engine stand Engines used by the British company Land Rover in its 4×4 vehicles have included 4-cylinder petrol engines, and 4-cylinder and 5-cylinder diesel engines. In the 1960s and 1970s a 2.6 litre straight-six petrol engine of Rover design was available as a option in the long wheelbase versions.6-cylinder engines have been used for Land Rover vehicles built under licence. Land Rover has also used various 4-cylinder, V8 engines and V6 engines developed by other companies, but this article deals only with engines developed specifically for Land Rover vehicles.
|
|
Initially the engines used were modified versions of standard Rover car petrol engines, but the need for dedicated in-house units was quickly realised. The first engine in the series was the 1.6-litre petrol of 1957, and this design was improved, expanded and modified over several versions, culminating in the 300Tdi of 1994, which ceased production in 2006. Over 1.2 million engines in the series have been built.Based on minimum estimate from production figures accumulated from sources listed below, mainly Taylor (1988) and Dymock (2006) From 1998 the Td5 engine was fitted to Land Rover products.
|
|
All three engines are paired with a six-speed automatic. Holden announced a minor model year update in July 2012, the centrepiece of which is the addition of flex-fuel capability for both petrol engines, thus allowing them to accept E85 ethanol fuel. A cut in the official combined fuel consumption of the 3.0-L by 10% has also been achieved, with smaller gains for the 2.4-L petrol and 2.2-L diesel engines. At the same time, the base SX received standard rear parking sensors and the range-topping LX came additionally equipped with heated front seats and front park assist.
|
|
Type F116 engine in Ferrari 456 The F116 engine family is a series of 65° DOHC V12 petrol engines produced by Ferrari since 1992. Introduced with the 456 GT, this engine had a displacement of 5.5 L and was a fresh new design who replaced the previous Colombo-derived F101 60° V12 engines used in Ferrari 412 four-seater. A more performant variant named F133 debuted in 1996 with the 550 Maranello, replacing the F113 flat-12 engines. The production of the F116 ceased in 2003; in the same period the F133's displacement was increased to 5.7 L and lasted until 2011.
|
|
It is built in Spain and sold on the continent as the Opel Corsa since the autumn of 1982. 1.0, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 petrol engines provide power, but these power units are more biased towards fuel economy. The Nova will be sold as a hatchback (three or five doors) and a saloon (two and four doors), an almost unique record number of bodystyles for such a small car. An estate version of the Cavalier launched in October and is based upon the Australian Holden Camira sharing its body panels with a choice of 3 trim-levels.
|
|
Toyota has announced a new version of its Starlet supermini which will go on sale in early 1984. The new Starlet is one of the last small cars to switch from rear-drive to front-drive, carrying over the previous model's 1.0 and 1.3 petrol engines though dropping the 1.2 unit. It will be the latest of many Japanese challengers to the Fiesta/Metro/Nova dominance of the British supermini market, arriving shortly after another highly competent Oriental car in the shape of Nissan's Micra. Honda has redesigned its Civic range for the second time in four years.
|
|
This Metra EMD F40PHM-2 locomotive uses a diesel–electric transmission designed by Electro-Motive Diesel A diesel–electric transmission, or diesel–electric powertrain is a transmission system for vehicles powered by diesel engines in road, rail, and marine transport. Diesel-electric transmission is based on petrol-electric transmission, a very similar transmission system used for petrol engines. Diesel–electric transmission is used on railways by diesel electric locomotives and diesel electric multiple units, as electric motors are able to supply full torque at 0 RPM. Diesel–electric systems are also used in marine transport, including submarines, and on some land vehicles.
|
|
The defining characteristic of diesel-electric transmission is that it avoids the need for a gearbox, by converting the mechanical force of the diesel engine into electrical energy (through a dynamo), and using the electrical energy to drive traction motors, which propel the vehicle mechanically. The traction motors may be powered directly or via rechargeable batteries, making the vehicle a type of hybrid electric vehicle. This method of transmission is sometimes termed electric transmission, as it is identical to petrol-electric transmission, which is used on vehicles powered by petrol engines, and to turbine-electric transmission, which is used for gas turbines.
|
|
Mercedes-Benz E 200 (W 213) The fifth generation E-Class was unveiled at the 2016 North American International Auto Show. The next generation E-Class has design cues from the smaller W222 S-Class and the larger W205 C-Class. While the W212 E-Class has tighter surface and harder edges, the new model is curvier and more flowing. Engine options for the W213 E-Class will see a major update, thanks to the switch to inline-6 engines from the current V6 engines, along with a new generation of four-cylinder diesel engines, codenamed OM654, and existing four-cylinder petrol engines.
|
|
Petrol engines may be air-cooled, with fins (to increase the surface area on the cylinders and cylinder head); or liquid- cooled, by a water jacket and radiator. The coolant was formerly water, but is now usually a mixture of water and either ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. These mixtures have lower freezing points and higher boiling points than pure water and also prevent corrosion, with modern antifreezes also containing lubricants and other additives to protect water pump seals and bearings. The cooling system is usually slightly pressurized to further raise the boiling point of the coolant.
|
|
The petrol engines gradually had their carburettors replaced with electronic fuel injection systems by the end of 1992, in order to conform to ever stricter pollutant emission regulations brought in by the EEC. Phase 1 Clio (1990-94) Phase 2 Clio (1994–96) Rear view of the Phase 3 Clio A minor trim facelift occurred after only a year of being on sale. A new "smooth" version of the Renault diamond badge (the previous "ribbed" badge was being phased out at the time) and a new front seat design were the only changes. The altered design did not constitute a new "phase".
|
|
MTB 345 was one of three coastal motor torpedo boats designed and built as an experiment by John I. Thornycroft & Company in Southampton, England, the other two being MTB 344 and MTB 346. Originally, the three MTBs had been intended to be transported to their operating areas on board larger ships, a concept which was never carried out. MTB 345 was launched in 1941 and completed on 22 November of that year. She had a displacement of 16.05 tons, a length of and a beam of . Her two Thornycroft RY/12 1,326 brake horsepower petrol engines could propel her at .
|
|
The first generation Picanto was revealed at the 2003 Frankfurt Motor Show. It was based on a shortened platform of the Hyundai Getz and was long, with a five-door hatchback body style. The car was available with a choice of two petrol engines: a 1.0-litre, with and , or a 1.1-litre, with and , both with multipoint injection. In Europe, a 1.1-litre three- cylinder diesel engine (based on the Kia Cerato's 1.5-litre four-cylinder unit) was also available, with direct injection and a variable geometry turbocharger, the power reaching and a torque of .
|
|
Henry Ford had an inline-five engine developed in the late 1930s to early 1940s for a compact economy car design, which never saw production due to lack of demand for small cars in the United States. Lancia of Italy developed a 5-cylinder diesel engine in the late 1930s for use in their RO truck series to replace the earlier 2-cylinder diesel and 3-cylinder petrol engines used. The subsequent model became known as the 3RO and was used by both Italian and German armed forces during WW2. This truck remained in production until 1950.
|
|
The acknowledged genius of motor boat design in America was the naval architect John L. Hacker. His pioneering work, including the invention of the V-hull and the use of dedicated petrol engines revolutionized boat design from as early as 1908, when he founded the Hacker Boat Co. In 1911, Hacker designed the Kitty Hawk, the first successful step hydroplane which exceeded the then-unthinkable speed of and was at that time the fastest boat in the world. The Harmsworth Cup was first won by Americans in 1907. The US and England traded it back and forth until 1920.
|
|
Peugeot ceased 205 production after several years of gradually phasing out its supermini which was launched in 1983. Its successor, the 206, was one of the largest cars in its sector, with 1.1, 1.4 and 1.6 petrol engines and a 1.9 diesel engine. The new car would also be produced in Ryton in the UK. Renault launched a second- generation of its Clio, in 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 petrol units as well as a 1.9 diesel, with two higher performance versions planned. The LHD-only Twingo received a major facelift with a new luxury Initiale model.
|
|
The 51 ft Barnett had an open aft cockpit with a shelter ahead of it giving access to the engine room. Ahead of the engine room was a survivor cabin and there was a forward shelter ahead of the mast. The class was powered by two 60 bhp Weyburn CE6 6-cylinder petrol engines with a single exhaust funnel ahead of the aft shelter. The final boat of the class, , was built in 1949;, fourteen years after the end of regular production, and was more akin in deck layout to the first five boats built around the same time.
|
|
Many diesel engines do not have butterfly valve throttles. The manifold is connected directly to the air intake and the only suction created is that caused by the descending piston with no venturi to increase it, and the engine power is controlled by varying the amount of fuel that is injected into the cylinder by a fuel injection system. This assists in making diesels much more efficient than petrol engines. If vacuum is required (vehicles that can be fitted with both petrol and diesel engines often have systems requiring it), a butterfly valve connected to the throttle can be fitted to the manifold.
|
|
This reduces efficiency and is still not as effective as it is not connected to a venturi. Since low-pressure is only created on the overrun (such as when descending hills with a closed throttle), not over a wide range of situations as in a petrol engine, a vacuum tank is fitted. Most diesel engines now have a separate vacuum pump ("exhauster") fitted to provide vacuum at all times, at all engine speeds. Many new BMW petrol engines do not use a throttle in normal running, but instead use "Valvetronic" variable-lift intake valves to control the amount of air entering the engine.
|
|
1914 TSB3 tipper petrol-electric searchlight lorry Tilling-Stevens also produced goods chassis available with either petrol-electric or conventional gearbox transmissions and built many trucks during World War I. Their cast aluminium radiators were distinctive, with "Tilling-Stevens" cast into the top and either "Petrol-Electric" or "Maidstone" into the bottom tanks. After the war, they failed to invest in updating their products and ended up building mainly buses. Tilling-Stevens therefore acquired Vulcan Trucks of Southport, Lancashire in 1938 to extend their range (and use Vulcan petrol engines). Production stayed at Maidstone, and Vulcan's production was also relocated there.
|
|
Commer Walk-Thru van as used by the Dutch company Van Gend & Loos The Commer Walk-Thru was introduced in 1961 as a replacement for the Commer BF. The Walk- Thru was offered in 1½ ton, 2 ton and 3-ton van and cab-chassis variants with a choice of diesel or petrol engines. This van was also built in Spain by Santana Motor, beginning in 1964. Todd Motors in Petone, New Zealand, made a short run of these vehicles during 1970, however they were not a successful model. The body sides were flat aluminium, pop riveted to the steel sides.
|
|
In 1934, the Dornier Flugzeugwerke started development of a new twin-engine flying boat to replace the Dornier Do J "Wal" (Whale) in both military and civil roles. The resultant design, Do 18, retained the layout of the Wal, with a metal hull fitted with distinctive stabilising sponsons, and powered by two engines above the wing in a push-pull layout, but was aerodynamically and hydrodynamically more efficient. It was planned to be powered by two of the new Junkers Jumo 205 Diesel engines. Although heavy, these promised to give much lower fuel consumption than conventional petrol engines of similar power.
|
|
Utilising such enhancements as sodium-filled exhaust valves and Mahle forged pistons the car produced , although there is much speculation about this figure being severely held back by the electronics as not to step on the toes of the V6-engined models as well as to preserve the reliability of the gearbox. In the USA, the car was branded as the Sterling, not a Rover and was only available with the Honda V6 petrol engines. Initial sales in America were strong, and the design was well received. However, early vehicles were soon found to have build quality and reliability problems.
|
|
The Rover 400 Series, and later the Rover 45, are a series of small family cars that were produced by the British manufacturer Rover from 1990 to 2005. The car was co developed as part of Rover's collaboration with Honda. The first generation 400 was based on the Honda Concerto, and the Mark II 400 (later the Rover 45) was based on the Honda Domani/Civic. Honda petrol engines were used in some Rover models, conversely the market competitive Rover L Series diesel engine was used from the mid 1990s in Hondas, before they designed their own diesel engine.
|
|
SEAT Córdoba Mk1 (pre facelift) The first generation Córdoba was presented at the 1993 Frankfurt Motor Show, and launched in the summer of the same year, penned by Italian designer Giorgetto Giugiaro and based on the chassis of the SEAT Ibiza Mk2. The first generation was officially unveiled in February 1993. Its 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 litre petrol engines were also found in the Volkswagen Polo and Ibiza, as was the 1.9 TDI. Though based on the Ibiza, its extended rear overhang meant its length was close to a Golf, but still smaller than the Jetta.
|
|
Some trucks for 1932. Clockwise from the top left: SZ, TS, TS short, and TI. For 1932, the lower range consisted on further upgraded vehicles, using inline- four (all except SX and SZ) and inline-six (SX and SZ) petrol engines. Most of the upper range used the already mentioned diesel engines and two petrol ones: a 6-litre inline-four and a 9.1-litre inline-six. The TI (5.5 tonnes payload) and the UD (7.5 tonnes payload) mounted the four engines, the TS (8 tonnes payload) only the inline-four ones, and the 6x2 VT (12 tonnes payload) only the inline-six.
|
|
This was an innovation that many countries had yet to introduce, as diesel engines were the future for tanks, with lower cost, greater range and reduced danger of fire compared to petrol engines. The tank's main armament was a 47 mm gun, a tank mounted version of the successful Cannone da 47/32 M35 anti-tank gun. It could pierce about 45 mm of armour at ; this was sufficient to penetrate the British light and cruiser tanks it faced in combat, though not the heavier infantry tanks. One hundred and four rounds of mixed armour-piercing and high explosive ammunition were carried.
|
|
Initial sales have been good in Australia, despite supply constraints from Europe limiting the car's success there. The Mondeo was initially sold as a sedan and liftback body styles in the Australian market, with diesel or petrol engines, and in four trim levels: LX, TDCi, Zetec and XR5 Turbo. In June 2009, Ford Australia announced that the 'Titanium' badge would also be used on Australian spec Mondeos, along with the release of the Mk IV Mondeo station wagon. Only the 2.3L petrol, 2.5L petrol and 2.0L diesel engines were offered there, the 2.5 being the only model available with a manual transmission.
|
|
With five engines available of the saloon, three on the SW (the two 16-valve petrols and the turbo diesel) and the 8·32, the Thema range consisted of nine different models. The different models received almost no visual distinctions, aside from the 8·32. Other models looked largely identical aside from badging, wheel dimensions, and wheel design (along with body-coloured mirror housings on top versions). Additionally the 4- and 6-cylinder petrol engines were also produced in catalytic converter-equipped versions, with slightly reduced output, for sale on markets where such equipment was mandatory.
|
|
There were various special editions including the Ritmo Cabrio Chrono and Ritmo Cabrio Bianco (all white). A sedan version, the Regata, was launched in 1983 with limited success outside of Italy despite being sold more globally, including in Australia. Mechanically similar to the Ritmo, the sedan was offered with 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6-litre petrol engines, and diesel 1.7 and 1.9-litre or 1.9-litre turbodiesel engines. A station wagon version—badged the Regata Weekend—was launched in 1984 and a unique design feature was represented by its folding rear bumper section, which created a level loading bay.
|
|
The Skyactiv-G or formerly Sky-G is a family of direct injection petrol engines. The engine compression ratio is increased to 14.0:1 To reduce the risk of engine knock at high compression, residual gas is reduced by using 4-2-1 engine exhaust systems, implementing a piston cavity, and optimizing fuel injection. In addition, combustion duration is shortened by intensifying air flow, increasing injection pressure, and using multi-hole injectors. It features an all-aluminum construction with chain- driven dual overhead camshafts with VVT and gasoline direct injection; with direct ignition, it meets ULEV emission standards.
|
|
The Renault Fluence is also badged as Renault Samsung SM3. The Renault Samsung car was first presented at the Seoul Motor Show in April 2009, and the rebadged Renault Fluence went on sale in November 2009. The model has first been offered with two petrol engines: a 1.6 litre and a two-litre that can get an optional CVT. The diesel variant is equipped with a 1.5 litre dCi engine, offered in , , and versions, fitted with Diesel particulate filter, and the version can be fitted with Renault's new dual clutch transmission, called EDC (Efficient Dual Clutch).
|
|
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), on diesel engines, can be used to achieve a richer fuel to air mixture and a lower peak combustion temperature. Both effects reduce NOx emissions, but can negatively impact efficiency and the production of soot particles. The richer mix is achieved by displacing some of the intake air, but is still lean compared to petrol engines, which approach the stoichiometric ideal. The lower peak temperature is achieved by a heat exchanger that removes heat before re-entering the engine, and works due to the exhaust gases' higher specific heat capacity than air.
|
|
Installation of BioDME synthesis towers at Chemrec's pilot facility Dimethyl ether (DME) is a promising fuel in diesel engines, petrol engines (30% DME / 70% LPG), and gas turbines owing to its high cetane number, which is 55, compared to diesel's, which is 40–53. topsoe.com Only moderate modifications are needed to convert a diesel engine to burn DME. The simplicity of this short carbon chain compound leads during combustion to very low emissions of particulate matter, NOx, CO. For these reasons as well as being sulfur-free, DME meets even the most stringent emission regulations in Europe (EURO5), U.S. (U.S. 2010), and Japan (2009 Japan).
|
|
The 206 was originally launched as a hatchback with 1.1L, 1.4L, and 1.6L petrol engines and a 1.9L diesel engine, an HDi version with common rail coming later. In 1999 a 2.0L GTi capable of , and in 2003 a tuned version of the GTi called the Peugeot 206 RC (GTi 180 in the UK), were added to the range. It did 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 7.4 seconds and it reached a top speed of with . In 2001, two more versions of the 206 were launched – the 206 CC (coupé convertible) with a folding steel roof and the 206 SW station wagon.
|
|
Volkswagen TSI engine The spark-ignition petrol engines listed below are currently used by 2010 and also in Volkswagen Industrial Motor applications. All listed engines operate on the four-stroke cycle, and unless stated otherwise, use a wet sump lubrication system, and are water-cooled.ETKA official factory data Since the Volkswagen Group is German, official internal combustion engine performance ratings are published using the International System of Units (commonly abbreviated "SI"), a modern form of the metric system of figures. Motor vehicle engines will have been tested by a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) accredited testing facility, to either the original 80/1269/EEC, or the later 1999/99/EC standards.
|
|
British Aerospace sold the Rover Group to BMW, with three of Rover's oldest nameplates retired by the end of the year. The Maestro and Montego ranges ceased production, while the Metro no longer existed in name but the car itself was redesigned and sold as the Rover 100 series from December. This included a new 1.5 diesel unit on offer, while the 1.1 and 1.4 petrol engines were carried over from the Metro. Rover's next generation 400 Series – which went on sale in 1995 – was a clone of the upcoming Honda Civic, while the new 200 Series was the first in-house Rover design since the 1984 Montego.
|
|
A year after the launch of its award-winning MK3 Golf, Volkswagen launched the Vento – the saloon version of the Golf, to replace the Jetta. Like the Golf, it was available with a range of petrol engines (1.6, 1.8 and 2.0) as well as a 1.9 turbo-diesel. There was also a 2.8 VR6, with a top speed of around 140 mph. Mercedes-Benz upgraded its SL range with a few styling changes as well as the replacement of the six-cylinder 3.0 engine with two new 2.8 and 3.2 V6 units, both of which had the same power output as the original smaller engine.
|
|
1965 Ford Cortina Mark I The first new model launched after the creation of Ford of Europe was the Escort, built in England from October 1967, and launched to market at the end of that year. The Escort was a rear-wheel drive small family saloon that took the place of the British Anglia range and was built in both Britain and, from 1970, Germany - although it was sold in Germany from the outset. It was first available as a two-door saloon and later in estate, van, and four-door saloon bodystyles. Power came from 950 CC, 1100 CC, and 1300 CC petrol engines.
|
|
The engines and boilers of two Unit Railway Cars were built in. Earlier fighting vehicles projects had employed steam power because petrol engines were not yet powerful enough; the Steam Tank however used it for the main reason that it was meant to be a specialised flame tank to attack pillboxes and the original design had this weapon driven by steam. When the main device to build up sufficient pressure became a auxiliary gasoline engine, the two main 2-cylinder steam engines with a combined power of remained, each engine driving one track to give a maximum speed of . The transmission allowed two speeds forward and two in reverse.
|
|
Prior to 1923, Wolverhampton had run a tramway system and a number of motorbuses. Included in the motorbus fleet were a small number of petrol-electric vehicles, manufactured by Tilling-Stevens of Maidstone. The General Manager of the municipal transport section was Charles Owen Silvers, and he was sufficiently impressed by the performance of the vehicles that he pressed for a system where the petrol engines were replaced by overhead wires. The short, single-track tramway route from Princes Square to Rookery Bridge in Wednesfield was in need of reconstruction, and in April 1923 the town council approved the conversion of the route to their first trolleybus line.
|
|
A saloon launched first with an estate to follow later. Audi launched the A3, a three-door hatchback based on the MK3 VW Golf in the Autumn powered by 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 petrol engines as well as the 1.9 turbo-diesel. A new addition to the Mercedes range was the SLK – a two-seater sports car with a folding convertible-style steel roof and a supercharged 2.3 litre engine capable of 150 mph. It was designed as a direct competitor to two new rival sports cars that have recently come from Germany – the Porsche Boxster which launched in the same year and the BMW Z3, due for a European launch.
|
|
The BMC E-series engine was a line of straight-4 and straight-6 overhead camshaft automobile petrol engines from the British Motor Corporation (BMC). It displaced 1.5 L or 1.8 L in four-cylinder form, and 2.2 L or 2.6 L as a six-cylinder. The company's native United Kingdom market did not use the 2.6 L version, which was used in vehicles of Australian and South African manufacture. Although designed when the parent company was BMC, by the time the engine was launched the company had become British Leyland (BL), and so the engine is commonly referred to as the British Leyland E-series engine.
|
|
She was driven through the water by means of twin screws with their power coming from twin RNLI DE6 petrol engines with each engine housed in its own separate watertight compartment. These two compartments were two of a total of fourteen watertight compartments that made up the boat's hull. The lifeboat was able to carry a fuel load of 500 gallons which was distributed between three separate fuel tanks which were at the rear of the engine compartments. There was also an auxiliary petrol engine installed which powered a generator for the lighting the windlass at the front of the boat and a capstan to the back of the boat.
|
|
This version was never sold in the United Kingdom. The top of the range was the 2.0 Sedicivalvole (16 valves). The Sedicivalvole gained its engine from the Lancia Thema, and with a much smaller and lighter bodyshell to house it, this power unit brought superb performance and handling, and a top speed of around , which made it faster than the Volkswagen Golf GTI of that era. The market in the United Kingdom initially received only the 1.4 and 1.6 versions of the Tipo, with the 1.8 and 2.0 petrol engines and the diesel powered units not being imported until the beginning of the 1990s.
|
|
Logo with laurels used on Benz & Cie automobiles after 1909 bond of the Benz & Cie, issued 1912 Karl and Bertha Benz c. 1926 (collection of Zenodot Verlagsgesellschaft mbH) Karl Benz, Bertha Benz, and their son, Eugen, moved east of Mannheim to live in nearby Ladenburg, and solely with their own capital, founded the private company, C. Benz Sons (German: Benz Söhne) in 1906, producing automobiles and gas engines. The latter type was replaced by petrol engines because of lack of demand. Logo on family held business production vehicles This company never issued stocks publicly, building its own line of automobiles independently from Benz & Cie.
|
|
The 1998 Storia/Duet (called Sirion outside Japan) came with two petrol engines (with multi-point fuel injection): a 989 cc three-cylinder engine with and a 1.3 L four-cylinder engine with unit. Both were available with either a 5-speed manual or a 4-speed automatic transmission. As of 2001, 1.3 L models have engines capable of accelerating from in 9.6 seconds and reaching a top speed of . This engine has an average fuel consumption of and the 989 cc models averaging . UK market only had the Rally versions of the Sirion: Rally 2 and Rally 4; the latter being the four-wheel drive version.
|
|
Rear view Lodgy Stepway Based on a new platform, the Lodgy is front-wheel drive and powered by a choice of four cylinder engines: a 1.5 L diesel (in two variants) and two petrol engines, a 1.6 L aspirated and a 1.2 L turbocharged Energy TCe 115. Lodgy is the first Dacia model to offer a speed limiter, on the Laureate level, and a navigation system with a seven-inch touchscreen display, as an option. Bluetooth and USB connectivity, previously introduced on the Dacia Duster, are also available. The car was available only in LHD from launch, and with a choice of five and seven seater models.
|
|
The camshafts are belt-driven. In addition to VVT, some versions also feature variable-length intake manifold (VIS). Earlier Alfa Romeo versions use the Twin Spark ignition system. There is also a version of the four cylinder block using direct injection, used only in Alfa Romeo's vehicles, dubbed as JTS. In Brazil, the 5 cylinder petrol engines equipped the Marea sedan and break (Marea Weekend) lines between 1998 and 2006, including a 2.0 20V with deactivated VVT (125 PS) for lower taxation, 2.0 20V VVT (140 PS), 2.4 20V with VVT and VIS (157 PS) and a Turbocharged 2.0 20V (180 PS) detuned from the 220 PS version from Fiat Coupé.
|
|
A new generation of inline 6 and V8 petrol engines were developed with double-overhead camshafts (DOHC), four valves per cylinder, and new variable valve timing. Mercedes-Benz's first-ever passenger V12 engine was introduced in 1991 in a response to BMW's 750i/750iL (E32). Only 3.5-litre inline 6 diesel engine, OM 603.97x, was carried over from W126 and remained only engine in W140 model range with two valves per cylinder form until its replacement in 1996. The DOHC, four valves per cylinder, and variable valve timing helped increase the horsepower and torque figures without heavy fuel consumption penalty while reducing the emission.
|
|
These are called Prêmio, Fiorino Pick-Up, and Elba respectively. The Brazilian Uno featured an independent, transverse leaf spring suspension at the rear, based on the tried and tested Brazilian Fiat 147 (similar to the Italian Fiat 127). The clamshell design of the bonnet was also unique, since the Brazilian Uno kept the spare tyre located in the engine bay, like the old Fiat 147, thus saving extra space for the luggage in the boot. Originally sold with 1.05, 1.3 or 1.5 litre petrol engines (also in versions made to run on ethanol), and a 1.6 litre was added to the lineup in 1989.
|
|
The bodyshop at Cowley holds 429 robots, assembling 425 body panels; the bodyshells are then moved to the neighbouring paint shop where paint robots apply the 14 exterior colour options and optional contrasting roof colours. Final assembly is performed at Cowley, which involves the fitting of 2,400 components to produce the numerous variants that may be ordered."The Mini Production Triangle in the UK" – BMW Mini publicity leaflet"Mini Production Triangle and Oxford Plant Tour", Paultan.org, 16 October 2006 All Prince four-cylinder petrol engines for Mini and BMW are produced at the Hams Hall Plant near Birmingham, United Kingdom, which has around 800 employees.
|
|
They are traditionally fitted with Austronesian sails, like the crab claw sails and tanja sails, but in modern times are often fitted with petrol engines. Unlike a single-hulled vessel, an outrigger or double-hull vessel generates stability as a result of the distance between its hulls rather than due to the shape of each individual hull. As such, the hulls of outrigger or double-hull boats are typically longer, narrower and more hydrodynamically efficient than those of single-hull vessels. Compared to other types of canoes, smaller outrigger canoes can be quite fast, yet are also capable of being paddled and sailed in rougher water.
|
|
Typical inductive crankshaft position sensor A crank sensor is an electronic device used in an internal combustion engine, both petrol and diesel, to monitor the position or rotational speed of the crankshaft. This information is used by engine management systems to control the fuel injection or the ignition system timing and other engine parameters. Before electronic crank sensors were available, the distributor would have to be manually adjusted to a timing mark on petrol engines. The crank sensor can be used in combination with a similar camshaft position sensor to monitor the relationship between the pistons and valves in the engine, which is particularly important in engines with variable valve timing.
|
|
This version of the Audi A2 won the "Nordic Eco Run" fuel economy race in 2003, with a consumption of . Even the normal versions with petrol engines are capable of . The A2 was also notable for being the first Audi model since the 1970s Audi 50 (type 86) and Audi 100 (type 43) not to be offered with its 'trademark' quattro four-wheel drive option. The A2 has a coefficient of drag of between 0.25 and 0.29, depending on the specific version. The A2 still uses a contemporary unibody construction, with significant elements of space frame principles, and it is tagged by Audi as an 'Audi Space Frame' design.
|
|
In an article in Motor Cycle magazine in 1914, Alfred Scott wrote that he was drawn to the two-stroke engine because he was trained on high speed steam and marine engines, and when turning his attention to gas and petrol engines the regular power strokes of the two-stroke (or Day cycle as he sometimes called it), seemed preferable to the one power stroke in four of the Otto cycle. He said this attraction to the two stroke was further enhanced by the reliable and excellent service from a two stroke engine designed by his brother (A. F. Scott M.I.M.E) and used to drive machinery in his experimental workshop.
|
|
The ZS has two petrol engines options, an updated SMTC developed version of the naturally aspirated 1.5 L as found in the MG3, known in this guise as the NSE Plus (formerly just NSE) the updated engine is tuned differently in each market based on locally applicable emission regulations. In China, for example, the engine is tuned to deliver 120 PS and 150 Nm torque. In the United Kingdom, where the emission regulations are more strict, the engine delivers 106 PS and 141 Nm of torque. The second engine is a new turbocharged three cylinder engine, developed by SAIC in conjunction with General Motors.
|
|
Pre facelift Renault Trafic (rear) The original Renault Trafic was sold from 1980 to 2000, and was somewhat revised and updated during its lifetime. Originally, the van had some variations in the front end shape depending which engine was fitted, with the original 1397 cc motor fitting behind a flat grille, and the 2.1 litre diesel engine and larger 1647 cc petrol engines requiring an extended plastic grille and deeper bumper. The 1721 cc OHC engine replaced the 1647 cc OHV unit in the mid 1980s, which fitted under the shorter grille, but required a small lump in the bonnet. The diesel and 2.2 petrol carried on with the extended grille.
|
|
The Tigra shared no body panels with the Corsa on which it was based, and the interior layout was different, however still kept the Corsa dashboard and most major engine parts. The Tigra also included a 2+2 seating arrangement. Due to the coupe styling and compact dimensions of the car, rear seat space was limited. The Tigra was available with two petrol engines options, both from the Ecotec family, an entry level 1.4 L with , and a larger sportier version, powered by the 1.6 L engine with , sourced from the Corsa GSi and later Corsa Sports. Both were DOHC 16 valve engines with electronic fuel injection.
|
|
September 1972 saw the introduction of the first diesel powered Opel Rekord, with which the manufacturer launched a determined assault on the lucrative stranglehold that Mercedes-Benz enjoyed over the taxi market in West Germany and, to varying extents, in many of the export markets where the firms competed. The four cylinder 2068 cc diesel unit was not based on the Rekord's "CIH" gasoline/petrol engines, but was a newer design. The "Caravan" wagon was originally not available with the diesel engine, but a five-door diesel estate was added to the lineup at the 1973 Frankfurt Motor Show (September). The fuel feed system employed a Bosch diesel injection pump.
|
|
Volvo Powertrain AB (a company within the Volvo Group) and Volvo Cars jointly operate one of the world's largest automotive foundries in Skövde, Volvo being one of Skövde's largest employers. The plant is known worldwide for being AB Volvo's biggest producer of industrial diesel engines worldwide (Volvo Powertrain AB produces engine blocks, cylinder heads and flywheels as well as engine mounts and disk brakes) and also for producing petrol engines for Volvo Cars. The companies together produce over half a million engines per year in Skövde and combined had over 4,000 permanent employees (2,100 employees at Volvo Powertrain and 2008 at Volvo Skövde in 2011).
|
|
As before, the vehicle was also available as a Mazda Rustler.African Business, African Business Publications, 1994, page 114. Ford Bantam (second generation) 323-derived Bantams and Rustlers were available in various trim levels, and with a choice of three different petrol engines: a 1 323 cc carburettor-fed Mazda B3 engine producing 50 kW, a 1 597 cc carburettor-fed Mazda B6 engine producing 60 kW, and a 1 597 cc fuel-injected variant of the B6 engine that produced 77 kW. Ford Bantam, second generation (rear view) Luxury-specification 60 kW versions featuring cloth-covered bucket seats, a sports steering wheel and bodywork decals were also available.
|
|
The third-generation Bantam was initially made available with a choice of 1 297 cc and 1 597 cc Rocam (Roller Finger Camshaft) petrol engines, and a normally-aspirated 1 755 cc Endura-D diesel engine. Being a low-cost derivative of the multi-valve Zetec-SE that was intended for developing markets, the Brazilian-designed Rocam engine is of single overhead- cam configuration with two valves per cylinder. Rocam-engined Bantams were available in four different trim levels, with bucket seats as standard equipment on all Bantams. Basic (fleet) versions featured austere interiors with vinyl seat trim, and no air conditioning, power steering or audio system.
|
|
The vacuum can be generated in two distinct methods, dependent on the type of internal combustion engine, or other motive force (as in electric vehicles). In naturally-aspirated petrol engines, the manifold vacuum is used, whereas in turbo charged, diesel engines, and electric/hybrid vehicles a separate vacuum pump is used (or in certain high altitude places, naturally-aspirated vehicles are not capable of producing enough vacuum for the booster. The vacuum pump can be driven mechanically (from the engine) or by means of an electric motor. The vacuum is transferred to the servo along non-collapsible vacuum lines, and is stored in the servo by using a non-return valve.
|
|
The BMW 7 Series is a full-size luxury sedan produced by the German automaker BMW since 1977. It is the successor to the BMW E3 "New Six" sedan and is currently in its sixth generation. The 7 Series is BMW's flagship car and is only available in a sedan bodystyle (including long wheelbase and limousine models). It traditionally introduces technologies and exterior design themes before they trickle down to other models in BMW's lineup. The first generation of the 7 Series was powered by straight-6 petrol engines, and following generations have been powered by inline-4, straight-6, V8 and V12 engines with both natural aspiration and turbocharging.
|
|
The front passenger seat can be folded forward into a horizontal position to allow the transportation of long objects. Its luggage capacity, aided by the 'VarioFlex' rear seats, ranges from 405 litres (14.3 cu ft), up to 1,760 litres (62.2 cu ft) when the rear seats are removed. The powertrain offerings in the Yeti included a range of internal combustion engines, all of which are four cylinder (I4) four-stroke turbocharged and EU5 emissions standard compliant. and EU5 emissions standard compliant.[10] petrol engines are all fuel injected and diesel engines are all common rail (CR) Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) with diesel particulate filter (DPF).
|
|
Mitsuoka Galue - 2nd generation The Galue-II was based on the Nissan Cedric Y34 and Gloria Y34 hardtops. (The Cedric and Gloria were very similar in styling and mechanicals.) Once again the front and rear styling was modified, and the interior fittings upgraded. The Galue-II's styling was more extrovert than that of the Galue-I, including spoked alloy wheels instead of the disc wheels or wire wheels found on the Galue-I; this may well have been necessary to harmonise with the styling of the Cedric hardtop. The mechanicals were taken from the Cedric; 2.5-litre and 3-litre V6 VQ-series petrol engines were offered.
|
|
Four petrol engines and three diesel engines are available, ranging from 85 to 140 PS in the petrol and 90 to 150 PS for the diesel engines. For the first time, the Golf Estate will also be available as a "full" BlueMotion model (with other modifications including revised aerodynamics). This model uses a 1.6-litre diesel engine producing 110 PS, has a six-speed manual gearbox, and is expected to achieve a combined fuel consumption of just 85.6 mpg (equivalent to 87 g/km of CO2). Like the Golf hatchback, the Golf Estate is based on the MQB platform (both have the same wheelbase).
|
|
MG 3 In 2010, MG unveiled the all new MG 3, which was shown in concept car form as the MG Zero. The car was initially launched in China with a choice of 1.3L or 1.5L petrol engines, and underwent a face-lift in 2013, with sales in the UK following in September 2013. Also introduced with the MG 3 was the Xross model, which similar to the Rover Streetwise and the earlier NAC produced MG3 SW, features chunkier off-road styling, raised suspension and roof bars. The MG3 was voted the '10th-Best Car To Own' in the Auto Express Driver Power survey of 2015.
|
|
GMC Twin Six engine Several truck manufacturers have produced V12 diesel engines at various times. For example, the 1967-1982 Tatra T813, built in Czechoslovakia, used a naturally aspirated V12 diesel engine, and the 1983-present Tatra T815 is available with a V12 diesel engine in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged forms. In the United States, V12 versions of the 1938-1995 Detroit Diesel Series 71, the 1967-1999 Detroit Diesel Series 149 and the 1974-1995 Detroit Diesel Series 92 were produced. Trucks using V12 gasoline (petrol) engines are rare, however several were produced in the United States from the 1930s until the 1970s.
|
|
For 1935 Renault also retired its last flathead petrol engines from the commercial range and gave minor updates to the diesel ones. Lastly, the company introduced a new YF-based coach, the ZI. At the 1935 Paris Salon, Renault presented basically the same 1935 range for 1936. In practice, all the early 1930s commercial vehicles up to 3.5 tonnes payload were discontinued during the 1935–1936 period, its boxy styling replaced with the more curvy Renault ACx and ADx range. Most normal-control commercial vehicles over 3.5 tonnes payload were also discontinued, the exception being the UD, which subsisted on the lineup until 1937.
|
|
Rear view (Brera coupe) The Alfa Romeo Brera was introduced in production form at the 2005 Geneva Motor Show. It translated the original's exterior appearance on a much smaller scale, becoming a mid-size coupé on the GM/Fiat Premium platform (shared with the Alfa Romeo 159), and designed to replace the outgoing GTV. A convertible version of the Brera called the Spider was also announced, to be launched shortly after the coupe to replace the existing GTV-based Spider. In Europe, the Brera was initially available with two petrol engines, the 2.2-litre JTS and 3.2-litre V6; and a 2.4-litre JTD turbodiesel.
|
|
In 1947 Ferruccio Lamborghini recognized an emerging market in post-War Italy devoted to agricultural and industrial revitalization. Using parts from military vehicle engines and differentials from ARAR centres (Azienda Recupero Alienazione Residuati), Lamborghini built the first of his "Carioca" tractors, themselves based on the six-cylinder petrol engines of Morris trucks. As petrol in Italy was prohibitively-priced, Lamborghini augmented the Morris engines with a fuel atomiser of his own creation, which allowed the tractors to be started with petrol, then switch to the cheaper diesel fuel. Based on the initial success of the Carioca, Lamborghini founded Lamborghini Trattori and began manufacturing tractors.
|
|
The F140 engine family is a series of 65° DOHC V12 petrol engines produced by Ferrari since 2002, and used in both Ferrari and Maserati cars. This engine was derived from the already extant Ferrari/Maserati V8. In the Enzo Ferrari, it set the record for the most powerful naturally aspirated engine in a road car. The 5998 cc engine, designed for the Enzo, is known within Ferrari as the Tipo F140B, whereas the very similar Tipo F140C engine displaces 5999 cc and was designed for the 599 as the most powerful series-production Ferrari engine, a trend that has continued with the F12 and 812.
|
|
The speed at which the combat team was able to cover ground was negatively affected by the Elands' poor momentum on broken terrain. Their petrol engines were also an issue, since this factor necessitated a separate logistics apparatus from those of the Ratels. When the attack on Vietnam began, the Eland-90s deployed into a static formation and began firing on the PLAN defenders. This would prove to be a fatal error, as the close proximity of the Elands to each other and their crews' failure to exploit their mobility allowed the guerrillas to concentrate their mortars and anti-tank weapons on the lightly armoured vehicles.
|
|
In addition to the use of intercoolers, it is common practice to add extra fuel to the intake air (known as "running an engine rich") for the sole purpose of cooling. The amount of extra fuel varies, but typically reduces the air-fuel ratio to between 11 and 13, instead of the stoichiometric 14.7 (in petrol engines). The extra fuel is not burned (as there is insufficient oxygen to complete the chemical reaction), instead it undergoes a phase change from atomized (liquid) to gas. This phase change absorbs heat, and the added mass of the extra fuel reduces the average thermal energy of the charge and exhaust gas.
|
|
The BMW B38 is a turbocharged straight-three petrol engine, which replaced the straight-four BMW N13 and has been in production since 2013. It is part of a modular BMW engine family of straight-three (B38), straight-four (B48) and straight-six (B58) petrol engines, which use a displacement of per cylinder. The B38 is used in front-wheel drive cars (such as the Mini Hatch and BMW 2 Series Active Tourer), as well as BMW's traditional rear-wheel drive and all- wheel drive (xDrive) configurations. The first car to use the B38 is the BMW i8 hybrid sports coupé, where it is used as a transverse mid-mounted engine.
|
|
The first diesel MULE with a three-cylinder engine was introduced in 1999 as part of the 2500 series. The MULE 3000 series arrived the following year, combining the 2500 series' V-twin petrol engines with a new continuously variable transmission and featuring new "pick-up truck" styling incorporating a storage compartment under the hood; a diesel version followed in 2003. 2005 saw the introduction of a four-seat version of the 3000 series and the compact 600 series, which featured an upgraded suspension, a engine, and new "high volume" bodywork similar to the 3000 series. In 2009, the 4000 series followed, with both petrol and diesel versions being available.
|
|
The Ferrari flat-12 engine family is a series of 180° V12 DOHC petrol engines produced by Ferrari from 1973 to 1996. Introduced with the 365 GT4/BB, this engine shared its construction with the flat-12 race-engines used in the 312B and 312 PB, but its displacement, bore & stroke, rods and pistons were the same as the Tipo 251 60° V12 Colombo engine powering the Daytona it replaced. Design and development of the new engine was overseen by Ferrari engineers Giuliano de Angelis and Angelo Bellei. The engine was the first flat-12 cylinder configuration fitted in a Ferrari road car and had factory type reference F102A.
|
|
From the early 1930s until the mid-1950s Harrington employee and former Southdown driver Ernie Johnstone constructed 63 quarter-scale road-legal coaches to give novelty rides to young children. Many of these were powered by Villiers 125cc two-stroke petrol engines. Bodies on 12 of these working models were constructed by Harrington, the rest he did himself with two friends in his spare time. During the 1950s Harrington, like Plaxton and Readings offered small party coaches on Karrier and Commer delivery van chassis, whilst from the late 1950s until the factory's closure, Harrington was responsible for producing the Rootes Group's in-house PSV conversion of the Commer 1500 minbus.
|
|
The interior, though, was almost identical to the Golf, featuring very minor styling changes like its predecessor. Volkswagen Jetta Germany, South Africa, Slovakia, Brazil, Belgium, and China all made the Golf 4. Eastern European locations making the Golf 4 included Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Vogošća (near Sarajevo), which also made Mk1 and Mk2 models. However, although the Bosnian Mk4 was popular it was only available in the local market. The Golf/Jetta Mk4 engine choices included 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.3 litre VR5, 2.8 litre V6 and 3.2 litre R32 petrol engines, 1.9-litre naturally aspirated diesel SDI engine, and a 1.9-litre turbodiesel, with power ranging from 90 to 150 PS (66 to 110 kW).
|
|
The first generation Chariot (D0#W-series) was produced from February 1983 to May 1991 with a choice of SOHC straight-four powerplants ranging from the 1.6-liter 4G32 to the 2.0-liter 4G63 petrol engines, or the 1.8 liter 4D65T turbodiesel (from October 1984), mated to a five-speed manual or three-speed automatic transmission. It occupied the market segment previously served by the Mitsubishi Galant station wagon. The Chariot's wheelbase was , while overall length ranged from depending on market and equipment level, which was within compliance with Japanese regulations concerning exterior dimensions and engine displacement size. A van version with an extended fiberglass roof was sold in Finland as the Mitsubishi Space Van.
|
|
In April 2013 the Series II Cruze received an update and price drops. The update included rear-parking sensors, a 7-inch touch-screen, suspension adjustments and improved automatic gearboxes across the range along with many other new extras such as a larger 1.6-liter turbocharged engine as standard on the SRi and SRi-V, replacing the 1.4-liter turbo. Holden ended manufacturing of the Cruze at its Elizabeth plant on October 7, 2016, replaced by the Astra hatchback and new generation Cruze sedan—both imported. ;Europe European specification variants of the Cruze are offered with 1.6- and 1.8-litre petrol engines, and 2.0-litre and (from 2012) 1.7-litre diesel engines.
|
|
From 1996 to 2001, Ford also imported its Explorer SUV to Europe from the USA, but like the smaller Spanish built Maverick it was not a strong seller either. Ford re-entered the coupé market in early 1994 with its American-built, Mazda-based Probe. Available with 2.0 16-valve and 2.5 V6 petrol engines, the Probe was well regarded for its handling and performance but failed to sell as well as Ford might have hoped and was withdrawn from Europe three years later. Its American-built replacement, the Ford Cougar, was imported from Europe but was even shorter- lived and less successful in Europe, with imports finishing after just two years.
|
|
It was discovered that some of the piles on Ryde Pier required replacement and the Southern Railway took the opportunity to construct a fourth platform there as part of the work, ready for the 1933 season. Meanwhile, the electric traction system used on the pier tramway was discontinued in 1927, and 2 petrol-driven tram units built by Drewry Car Co. The former electric unit trailers were retained and the trams operated as two-car units. The petrol engines were replaced by diesels in 1959 - 1960. To allow the O2 locomotives to stay in service throughout the day at busy times, a bigger coal bunker was fitted in 1933, doubling the capacity to three tons.
|
|
In 1909 the company acquired manufacturing rights from the London-based firm of F.C. Southwell & Co. for their design of petrol-driven engines (derived from the design of a range of imported engines made by the U.S. based Stover Manufacturing and Engine Company). During World War I, the factory was focused solely on War Department production, producing petrol engines, lighting sets and munitions. Many of the men left for the front, meaning that a large portion of the workforce was female. After the war, Sir Robert Lister retired and turned management at Dursley over to his grandsons (sons of Charles Ashton Lister CBE) Robert, Frank, Percy and George together with A. E. Mellerup.
|
|
Of these winning boats, 35 have been built out of fiberglass, eight in aluminum and four in wood. Petrol engines have powered 40 winners and diesels the remaining seven. Three early titles went to boats using conventional propeller shafts but the more efficient, fully trim-able Mercruiser stern drives have accounted for twenty titles while the more recently introduced surface drives make up the remainder. Propeller design has seen the early three-bladed bronze wheels superseded by stainless steel props of up to six blades for maximum efficiency and a top team might carry twelve pairs of props of differing pitches and diameters to accommodate differing sea conditions, fuel loads and handling characteristics.
|
|
All petrol engines have catalysators during the entire W140 model run regardless of where they were sold. The 3.0-litre 24-valve inline 6, M 104.98x, was first introduced in 300 SL-24 and 300 E-24, 300 CE-24, and 300 TE-24 in 1989. This engine, fitted to 300 SE/300 SEL, had a very short run in W140; it was replaced by an upgraded inline 6 engines introduced in 1993 with two displacements. The smaller 2.8-litre M 104.94x engine was fitted to 300 SE 2.8 (one year only) then S 280 (1994-1998). The larger 3.2-litre M 104.99x engine was fitted to 300 SE/300 SEL (one year only) then S 320 (1994-1998).
|
|
Rover 100 Kensington Rear In December 1994 the revised R6 model appeared. In the United Kingdom, Rover finally scrapped the Metro nameplate, replacing it with a new name, Rover 100, which had been adopted on continental Europe on the Rover Metro's launch in 1990, due to the weakness of the Austin marque in Europe. The mechanics of the car remained much the same with 1.1 and 1.4 petrol engines and Hydragas suspension, but there was now the option of a Peugeot-sourced 1.5 diesel rather than the previous 1.4. The exterior was altered in an attempt to disguise the car's age, meet the increased cooling requirements of the Peugeot motor and offer a reduced-format Rover family grille.
|
|
The T3 has a large cult following, especially the Westfalia camper version, and many owners have had the VW engines replaced, due to their reputation of being underpowered and unreliable, particularly the Wasserboxer. Subaru engines are one of the most popular engines to install to increase power and reliability, as their overhead camshaft four-cylinder boxer engines are very similar in size and configuration to the original VW pushrod engines. Other conversions have included Porsche 911 engines, VW Rabbit diesel engines, Golf/Jetta petrol engines and Ford Zetec engines. Five-cylinder Audi engines were used in South Africa on higher-trim vans after the Wasserboxer engine was discontinued in 1991, until the T3 was discontinued in 2002.
|
|
The 155 was initially available with 1.7 L Twin Spark, 1.8 L Twin Spark, and 2.0 L Twin Spark petrol engines, the latter two were equipped with variable valve timing. The 1.7 L was not sold in the United Kingdom. Two four cylinder turbocharged diesel engines, a Fiat derived 1.9 L () and a VM Motori 2.5 L () were available in some markets, except for the United Kingdom. At the top of the 155 range were the 2.5 L V6, using a engine derived from the 3.0 L V6 used in the larger 164, and the Q4 which used a drivetrain derived from the Lancia Delta Integrale which meant a 2.0 L 16V turbocharged engine and permanent four-wheel drive.
|
|
Additional bearing may be located along the crankshaft, sometimes as many as one bearing per crank pin, as used on many modern diesel engines and petrol engines designed for high RPM. Some small single-cylinder engines have only one main bearing, in which case it must withstand the bending moment created by the offset distance from the connecting rod to the main bearing. When describing a crankshaft design, the number of main bearings is generally quoted, as the number of crank pins is determined by the cylinder layout. For example, the Toyota VZ V6 engine is described as having a "four bearing crankshaft" and the Jaguar XK6 straight-six engine has a "seven bearing crankshaft".
|
|
The original locomotive of this type was named Duke of Edinburgh with Prince Charles following in 1954 and Golden Jubilee in 1963. Golden Jubilee, although of the same basic design of the other two lost the A4 styling, being replaced by a box-shaped body and a loss of the steam outline wheels, the wheel arrangement being modified to configuration. All three of these Barlow locos still exist on the railway, their Fordson tractor petrol engines having been replaced by more modern economical diesels. In 1971 another loco joined the fleet, a Severn Lamb product built to look like a Western Diesel, its wheel configuration is Co-Co with diesel-hydraulic drive.
|
|
"S line" badge in front grille S line is a trim specification that is offered on many Audi models. Whilst the individual S line parts and components are designed and manufactured by quattro GmbH, Audi "S line" cars are still manufactured in the same AUDI AG factories, on the same production lines as their related models with differing trim levels. Cars with "S line" trim should not be confused with high performance "S" and "RS" models. Audi cars with S line trim bear identical performance figures to their counterparts with SE or base trim levels, with the exception of the Audi Q7 S line with the 3.0 V6 TFSI petrol engines ( for standard, for S line).
|
|
Citroën reentered the small family car market with its new ZX in March, launching in the UK in May which was the first of two replacements for the slightly larger BX. It comes with 1.4, 1.6 and 2.0 petrol engines and 1.9 diesels (turbo or non-turbo). Renault launched its new Clio supermini in the UK in March. The range was expanded with the launch of a 1.8 16-valve hot hatch that was capable of 126 mph as the successor to the discontinued R5 Turbo. The second- generation Espace people carrier launched and received a V6 engine for the first time, while there was also a minor redesign of the R19 small family hatchback and saloon.
|
|
They were first used in motor launches but soon paved the way for the start-up of the British motor industry. In May 1890 his mechanic Johann van Toll was sent ahead to look after their borrowed launch at Putney and van Toll obtained premises in the new Billiter Buildings at 49 Leadenhall Street, London for Simms & Co Consulting Engineers. There had been no purpose in Simms bringing a car with him because of the restrictions in Britain. In May 1891, Simms demonstrated the motor launch on the Thames, and in May 1893 formed The Daimler Motor Syndicate Limited to fit petrol engines into boats becoming, possibly, the UK's first motor company.
|
|
1961 Gamecock water tender 1961 Karrier van; Mr. Whippy ice cream—original at the Albert Dock, Liverpool in 2013 Bradford Trolleybus 735 (1946) at Black Country Living Museum In the late 1950s and 1960s some Karrier vehicles were fitted with the Rootes TS3 two-stroke opposed piston diesel engine. Other engines used in this period include Humber Hawk 4-cylinder petrol engines (L-Head and OHC), Humber Super Snipe 6-cylinder (L-Head and OHV) and Perkins Diesels. At Luton, the only designs carried over from the previous era were the three wheeler and the six-wheel trolleybus chassis. The trolleybus business became integrated with that of Sunbeam Commercial Vehicles Limited following Sunbeam's purchase by the Rootes group.
|
|
An early MAS, from a magazine article published in January 1917 An Italian sailor manning a quick-firing gun, a 1-pounder (37 mm) Hotchkiss, on a MAS, 1917 MAS were widely employed by Regia Marina during World War I in 1915–1918. Models used were directly derived from compact civilian motorboats, provided with petrol engines which were compact and reliable (characteristics which were not common at the time) . They were used not only in the anti-submarine patrol role, but also for daring attacks against major units of the Austro-Hungarian Navy. A significant success came in December 1917, when an MAS boat managed to sink the pre-dreadnought battleship in Trieste harbor.
|
|
The new model retains the front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout of the New Beetle, while improving interior packaging with more room in the rear. Four-cylinder engine options for the European market are expected to include 1.2-litre (), 1.4-litre () and 2.0-litre () TSI petrol engines, and 1.6-litre () and 2.0-litre () TDI diesel engines. In addition to the 2.0-litre TSI and TDI engines, base North American Beetles were originally fitted with a () straight-five engine (engine code CBTA/CBUA) earlier used on the Golf and Jetta. From 2015 onward, the 2.5L straight-five was phased out in favor of a 1.8L four-cylinder TSI of comparable horsepower ratings but improved torque ratings over the straight-five.
|
|
In 1967, several years after its introduction into production, the PCV system became the subject of a U.S. federal grand jury investigation, when it was alleged by some industry critics that the Automobile Manufacturers Association (AMA) was conspiring to keep several such smog reduction devices on the shelf to delay additional smog control. After eighteen months of investigation, the grand jury returned a "no-bill" decision, clearing the AMA, but resulting in a consent decree that all U.S. automobile companies agreed not to work jointly on smog control activities for a period of ten years. In the decades since, legislation and regulation of vehicular emissions has tightened substantially. Most of today's petrol engines continue to use PCV systems.
|
|
Although outdated by its demise in 1982, by which time Commer had been taken over by Peugeot, the Spacevan remained a familiar sight in the UK thanks to its role with Post Office Telephones—which was almost solely responsible for it remaining in production for so long and these vans and outstanding orders were inherited by British Telecom on its formation in October 1981. By this time, there were three engines: two 1.7 L petrol engines of 37 kW (with low compression) and 42 kW (with high compression), and a small diesel engine (31 kW), with a four-speed manual transmission and no automatic available. The last Spacevan was built in 1983.
|
|
Perhaps there had been a prior link between Thomas and Benjamin Hooker through printing machinery and they decided the skills needed to make printing machinery might be turned to the new petrol engines then to aero engines. A summary of a recorded interview of Hugh Burroughes (22 December 1883 - 3 October 1985) archived by The Imperial War Museum (catalogue number 7255, production date 1983) during the period he was Holt Thomas's general manager of Aircraft Manufacturing Company at Hendon (1914-1919) refers to the establishment of a factory to manufacture Gnome engines in Walthamstow, London, 1914. Burroughes remained a significant force active in the aviation industry until he retired from the board of Hawker- Siddeley in 1966 aged 82.
|
|
The smart fortwo was officially marketed through select Mercedes- Benz dealers in Brazil only from 2009 to 2015 (exclusively in its second generation), only with petrol engines. It was offered with the "micro-hybrid drive" natural aspirated engine (mhd) in standard configuration with a special edition named "Brazilian Edition" which was offered only in yellow (in reference to the Brazilian Flag) with a Brazilian flag sticker on both sides, and turbocharged versions named "standard" (no name), Tritop and Passion. The mhd were offered only in "coupé" configuration with no sunroof, and turbocharged versions were offered in both coupé (with sunroof) and cabrio variants. A few units of the fortwo Brabus were also offered in Brazil in the year 2010.
|
|
4-Stroke Cycle Petrol-paraffin fuelling is suitable for four-stroke cycle piston engines and wankel engines. A petrol/paraffin engine tends to run hotter whilst burning paraffin, and so the cooling system must be sufficiently robust. Being slower burning, the paraffin requires the longer combustion period that a four-stroke engine can provide; so two-stroke versions are rare J.A.P. used their 16H engine on TVO. Although modern petrol engines may have compression ratios typically between 9:1 and 12:1, a petrol- paraffin engine requires a lower compression ratio of 8:1 or less, to avoid pre-ignition of the fuel-air mixture which would cause damage from engine knocking.
|
|
The principal allegation was that three former prisoners identified Demjanjuk as "Ivan the Terrible" of Treblinka, who operated the petrol engines sending gas to the death chamber. The prosecution alleged that Demjanjuk had listed Sobibor on his US immigration application in an attempt to cover up his presence at Treblinka. Prosecutors based part of these allegations on an ID card referred to as the "Trawniki card". Because the Soviet Union generally refused to cooperate with the Israeli prosecutions, this ID card was obtained from the USSR and provided to Israel by American industrialist Armand Hammer, a close associate of several Kremlin leaders, whose help had been requested by the personal appeal of Israeli president Shimon Peres.
|
|
World War II bunker During World War II a bombing decoy town was constructed on Black Down, which was intended to represent the blazing lights of a town which had omitted to follow black-out regulations. The decoy, known under the code name Starfish from the original code SF (Special Fire) used fires of creosote and water to simulate incendiary bombs exploding. In addition glow boxes were used to simulate the streets and railways of Bristol, the light bulbs were powered by electrical generators, powered by Coventry Climax petrol engines contained in two bunkers. It was laid out by Shepperton Film Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards.
|
|
This design continues into the interior with similar AC vents and center fascia design. This generation has Toyota's first autonomous emergency braking (AEB). New ESTEC GD 2.4-litre, 2.8-litre and KD 2.5-litre along with 3.0-litre diesel engines, shared with the Fortuner and Innova, were combined with a 5 or 6-speed manual transmission or a 5 or 6-speed automatic transmission with sequential shift technology respectively. The 2.8-liter GD engine was introduced in May 2015 at the 36th International Vienna Motor Symposium. The 2.0-litre, 2.7-litre and 4.0-litre petrol engines from the previous generation returned with a Dual VVT-i update for increased power and torque.
|
|
The very first results of 7 crash-tested super-minis were released publicly to the media in early 1997, much to the consternation of industry. (63-67) Hobbs was the first Chairman of the Technical Working Group and he later became Secretary General until his retirement in 2007. Euro NCAP’s team of engineers and labs now carry out a frontal, side impact and pedestrian protection test as well as assessments on child protection and on the range of technologies existing within the car. Tests are carried out on all vehicles from super-minis to SUVs to the latest hybrids and petrol engines, resulting in a star rating with a maximum award of 5 stars.
|
|
While not as large as the North American Accord, sold in Japan as the Honda Inspire, this generation Accord is not in compliance with Japanese Governments regulations concerning exterior dimensions, and is not classified as a compact sedan in Japan. Honda revealed some detail shots and a teaser video of the European- spec Accord in January 2008, before debuting it at the Geneva Motor Show in March. The new Accord comes in both sedan and wagon forms, offering a host of engine and transmission options. Available engines are the 2.0-litre i4, 2.4-litre i4, and 3.5-litre v6 i-VTEC petrol engines, as well as the 2.2-litre i-DTEC diesel engine.
|
|
The new Bosch facility will produce electronic components for automobiles, and will create about 2,000 jobs. Dacia Logan was the top-selling new car in Central and Eastern Europe in the first half of 2007 with 52,750 units sold, ahead of Skoda Fabia (41,227 units), Skoda Octavia (33,483 units), Opel Astra (16,442 units) and Ford Focus (14,909 units). In 2012, Dacia launched four new models, the Lodgy and the Dokker, and the second generations of the Logan and Sandero, whereas Ford launched their new mini MPV, the B-Max. The both manufacturers also introduced two new and technologically advanced turbocharged three-cylinder petrol engines (the 1.0-litre EcoBoost and the 0.9-litre TCe engine), which are locally produced and represented premieres in their segments.
|
|
A fully automatic air conditioning system, named Climatronic, was also offered. It was available with a choice of a five-speed manual gearbox, a six-speed manual gearbox, only for the sporty 1.9-litre diesel model, or with a four-speed automatic gearbox, used only in combination with the 1.4-litre petrol engine. A six-speed semi-automatic transmission (Tiptronic) was added from mid-2006, after the facelift, also available only with the 1.4-litre or with the 1.6-litre petrol engines. There was also a crossover version of the Polo, with off-road styling, named Polo Fun (Polo Dune in the UK, Polo Soho in Spain), released in 2003 - despite its appearance the car was never available with 4WD.
|
|
The online review Series CarThrottle also gave the Pro_Cee'd GT a very high score; praising its looks and grip, complimenting how fun it was to drive on the limit and calling it "one of the best budget all-rounders money can buy". The Pro_Cee'd GT, however, has met with some criticisms, mostly pertaining to its speed and fuel economy. Other C-Segment hot hatches, such as the Ford Focus ST and Volkswagen Golf GTI, use 2.0L petrol engines where the GT only uses a 1.6L unit, making the car a full second slower to 60 as compared to other rivals. The engine is also somewhat inefficient given its size—emitting 171g/km CO2 and only averaging 38.2mpg on the EU Combined Cycle.
|
|
Pre-facelift Volkswagen Fox 1.4 The Fox was introduced to Europe at the AMI Leipzig Motor Show in April 2005, on debut in Europe, the Fox was only available as a three- door hatchback and with three engine options: the 1.2 L 40 kW (55 hp) I3 and 1.4 L 55 kW (75 hp) I4 petrol engines and the 1.4 L 51 kW (69 hp) TDI engine. The Fox was sold with a long options list to reduce its tag price, therefore letting the European customer specify the Fox to their liking. It did come with standard twin airbags and anti-lock braking system for safety measures. Upon its debut, the Fox scored four stars in EuroNCAP's crash rating system.
|
|
With the increasing numbers of shipping and the advent of private and commercial air traffic the RNLI realised that the need for a lifeboat station in Dover would again be required. In 1929 the lifeboat station re-opened at a new location. The boathouse was now in the Eastern Docks at Camber The re-opened station was also supplied with a new faster lifeboat. The Sir William Hillary (ON 725), named after the founder of the RNLI, arrived on station in 1930 and she was powered by twin 375 horsepower petrol engines with a top speed of 17.25 Knots. This was almost twice the speed of the rest of the RNLI’s fleet of lifeboats most of which were capable of 9 Knots.
|
|
There were also some changes to the dashboard layout, including a digital odometer, and trim quality which freshened up the car in the face of increasingly stiff competition from other manufacturers. New engines were also offered, with both 1.8 and 2.0 petrol engines gaining 16-valve cylinder heads together with modest power increases. At this time, the previous trim designations were replaced by L, LX & GLX for the UK market. XS, XSi and GTI-6 models continued as before, but with the Phase 2 headlight, grille, bumper and other cosmetic updates alongside the rest of the range. Cars from 1998 onwards (1999 model year) received further enhancements, including an aluminium-effect centre console on certain versions and a chrome Peugeot logo on the steering wheel.
|
|
Several prototype 24-cylinder X engines for military aircraft were developed during World War II, including the Daimler-Benz DB 604, Rolls-Royce Exe and Isotta Fraschini Zeta R.C. 24/60, along with the 16-cylinder Napier Cub. Other prototype X engines include a 1920s Ford X-8 automotive engine, which was investigated during the development process of the Ford Flathead V8 engine. During the 1960s, Honda is said to have experimented with an X-32 engine configuration for their Formula One racing efforts, but abandoned the design as being too complex and unreliable. From 2006-2010, the Revetec X4v1 and Revetec x4v2 X-4 experimental petrol engines were developed by an engine research company, followed in 2013 by the Revetec X4-D1 experimental diesel engine.
|
|
The X-Type's sharing of a modified Ford Mondeo platform (shared with the Land Rover Freelander Compact SUV which was also produced at Halewood) wasn't well received by Jaguar "purists." Notably, the Volkswagen Passat shared its platform with its compact executive class rival, the B5 Audi A4. The X-Type's limited powertrain choices affected its initial press reception. Initially, the X-Type was only available with six cylinder petrol engines, coupled to an all-wheel drive system, resulting in poor fuel economy, while its key German rivals, the BMW 3 Series, Audi A4 and Mercedes C-Class were sold predominantly in two wheel drive form, with four cylinder petrol or diesel engines, a critical offering in the economy conscious European market.
|
|
A 2012 Mini Cooper RoadsterThe Mini Roadster is the convertible version of the Coupé and was first shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2009 as a concept, and formally launched at the Detroit North American International Auto Show in January 2012. 2014 MINI Cooper Roadster SThe range of models and engines mirrors the Mini Coupé with a range of 1.6 L petrol engines in various levels of power and a 2.0 L diesel engine offered in some markets. 2014, John Cooper WorksDepending on the market, the soft top is either manually or electrically operated. The electrically operated top required the driver to unlock it and then could be opened using a toggle switch above the rear view mirror.
|
|
The second-generation of the vehicle, based on the ladder frame chassis of the Triton, was gradually introduced to selected markets (Russia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East) through the autumn of 2008, following its debut at the Moscow International Automobile Salon. The design is partially influenced from the 4.7-litre V8 powered 2001 Pajero Evolution concept car. 2.5- or 3.2-litre diesel and 3.0- or 3.5-litre V6 petrol engines are available as before, while five- or seven-seat interior configurations are offered. As with the Triton pickup on which it is based, production of the new Pajero Sport for all markets is concentrated in Thailand."Mitsubishi Pajero Sport the “Stylish Riding –On-Demand SUV”" , Mitsubishi Motors press release, AutoinCar.
|
|
In the next year, the company presented its first combined bus range. By that time emphasis was given to diesel engines (as opposed to petrol engines) for commercial vehicles. In 1951 Mercedes-Benz unveiled its first bus specifically designed for bus operation (and not derived from a lorry, as was the case of the other buses produced by the company until then) – the O6600 H. This 11-metre-long vehicle was equipped with a six-cylinder, transverse-mounted rear engine delivering 145 hp, a lower frame than its predecessors, and an electric gearshift system. In 1954 Mercedes-Benz unveiled its first semi-integral bus – the O321 H. The semi- integral design meant a reduction in weight, improvements in stability and body resistance.
|
|
The spark-ignition petrol engines listed below were formerly used by various marques of automobiles and commercial vehicles of the German automotive concern, Volkswagen Group,ETKA official factory data and also in Volkswagen Industrial Motor applications, but are now discontinued. All listed engines operate on the four-stroke cycle, and unless stated otherwise, use a wet sump lubrication system, and are water-cooled. Since the Volkswagen Group is European, official internal combustion engine performance ratings are published using the International System of Units (commonly abbreviated "SI"), a modern form of the metric system of figures. Motor vehicle engines will have been tested by a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) accredited testing facility, to either the original 80/1269/ EEC, or the later 1999/99/EC standards.
|
|
On the Interior of the car, the trim inserts and central transmission tunnel housing can now be customised with coloured trim.Also included on the interior of the vehicle, the Swing radio system on lower trim levels now includes a larger 6.5 inch display offered on the S model, with the SE model having the Swing Plus system included, with the 7 inch Amundsen system being offered on the SE and above. In terms of engines, the Diesel engines have been removed from the line-up, which means the model range consists of petrol engines only. The 1.0 MPI is offered on the lower spec S and SE models, with the more powerful 1.0 TSI being offered on the SE model and above.
|
|
In 1984 British Leyland sold its Jaguar car business into private ownership. British Leyland's mass-market car division, the Austin Rover Group, scrapped one of its longest-running marques, Morris, which was discontinued in August after the Ital was replaced by the new Austin Montego – a saloon version of the previous year's new Maestro hatchback. The new Montego went on sale in April and is powered by 1.3 and 1.6 petrol engines, with more versions set to follow, including high performance MG variants. October of this year saw the Triumph marque canned, when the Acclaim saloon finished production to be replaced by the Rover 200 Series in June, a four-door saloon which competes in the same sector as the Austin Maestro.
|
|
Due to the inefficiencies of mixed trains for passenger services due to the long station stops needed for the shunting of freight cars to their destinations, Mantetsu opted to begin using passenger railcars on routes with lower passenger demand, for school shuttles, and the like. These railcars were somewhat different in character from those found in Japan, where they were introduced primarily as a competitive measure against the arrival of busses. As a result of experimentation with different technologies and fuel types (diesel, petrol, heavy oil, kerosene, etc.), there were a comparatively large number of classes of railcar operated over a relatively short period of time. Eventually, Mantetsu settled on railcars with petrol engines and mechanical transmission, and such railcars became the most numerous.
|
|
The 1986 model year saw Renault launch the R21 range, a four-door family saloon competing with the Ford Sierra, Vauxhall Cavalier, Austin Montego and Citroën BX. There was also an American-built version called the Eagle Medallion, with 1.7 and 2.0 petrol engines as well as a 2.0 diesel. There was also a seven-seat estate car version of the R21 - badged Savanna in the UK and Nevada in France, priced slightly higher than the saloon. In November the Renault group's president Georges Besse was shot dead outside his mansion in Paris by members of militant anarchist organization Action Directe. Peugeot phased out the Talbot marque on passenger cars, though it was retained for PSA's light commercial vehicle - the Talbot Express.
|
|
Post-facelift Viano, long version Rear view of Viano, long version Changes to the Viano range include standard BlueEFFICIENCY technology, new interior trim materials, new ambient lighting system with dimmable individual LED reading lamps and fibre optic units, optional rear seat entertainment system, redesigned cockpit, new suspension with front and rear axles revised and specially tuned to match each specific model and EU 5 emission standards compliance. The face lifted range included four and six-cylinder diesel and petrol engines rated at to (CDI 2.0, CDI 2.2, CDI 3.0, 3.5). A four-wheel drive (4MATIC) is optional on models with 4-cylinder diesel engines. In normal operation the system transfers driving power in a 35:65 split between the front and rear axles.
|
|
Bore and stroke is . A 3.3 L version was initially planned as well, but is unlikely to see production due to decreasing demand in V6 petrol engines in Europe and Renault's switch to Nissan-sourced V6 after its alliance with the Japanese carmaker. Initially, the ESL produced in accordance with the German and French insurance category limits in force at the time for engines under 3 litres.(The BMW 2.8 and Audi 2.8 produced the same figure circa ) In 2000, Porsche retuned the Peugeot/Citroën version of the engine introducing variable valve timing on the intake camshafts varying between 0 and 40 degrees, improving fuel consumption, low engine speed flexibility for the introduction of the Peugeot 607 and Citroën C5.
|
|
It was the second car to benefit from the merger of Peugeot and Citroën in 1976, the first being the Citroën Visa launched in 1978. The BX shared its platform with the more conventional 405 that appeared in 1987, except the rear suspension which is from a Peugeot 305 Break. Among the features that set the car apart from the competition was the traditional Citroën hydropneumatic self-levelling suspension, extensive use of plastic body panels (bonnet, tailgate, bumpers), and front and rear disc brakes. The BX was launched onto the right-hand drive UK market in August 1983, initially only with 1.3 and 1.6 petrol engines, although by 1986 it had been joined by more engine options as well as a five-door estate model.
|
|
Since 1986, Nissan had been building Bluebirds — essentially a rebadged home market Auster/Stanza – for the market in European at its factory in Washington, Tyne and Wear, England. Nissan showcased the Primera X concept car at the 1989 Tokyo Motor Show, and concept car UV.X at the 1989 International Motor Show Germany. In September 1990, Nissan replaced the United Kingdom's Bluebird with the slightly smaller Primera. It had a conventional front wheel drive chassis and five speed manual gearbox, with some versions getting the option of a four speed automatic. Power came from 1.6 litre carbureted and 1.8 litre and 2.0 litre injection petrol engines; a 2.0 litre diesel followed from 1992 onwards, a 1.6 litre injection gasoline was introduced at the end of 1993.
|
|
HM Coastal Motor Boat 4 (1916) on display at the Imperial War Museum Duxford. View from the stern showing the torpedo launching ramp. During the First World War, following a suggestion from three junior officers of the Harwich destroyer force that small motor boats carrying a torpedo might be capable of travelling over the protective minefields and attacking ships of the Imperial German Navy at anchor in their bases, the Admiralty gave tentative approval to the idea and, in the summer of 1915, produced a Staff Requirement requesting designs for a Coastal Motor Boat for service in the North Sea. These boats were expected to have a high speed, making use of the lightweight and powerful petrol engines then available.
|
|
2,962 units produced, with many remaining in US service until 1955 when they were finally superseded by the LVTP-5. Powered by the same twin Cadillac V-8 petrol engines and transmission of the M5 light tank, it could carry a payload of 9,000 lbs or 30 fully armed soldiers. It performed with efficiency and greater reliability, as more maintenance time was generally available than during the hectic days of World War II. The LVT(3)C remained standard with the Marine Corps until the introduction of the first major post—war design, the LVT(P)5, in 1953. Overall weight of the craft was , and its maximum speed was on land or on water, with an operational range of on land or on water.
|
|
The models with the standard chassis were L1, L2 and L5 (L stood for Lastwagen, German word for a truck, and the digit stood for the rated payload in tons). The models with the low chassis were N1, N2 and NJ5/N5 (N stood for Niederwagen, German word means a low car). The trucks were equipped with the 4 cylinders petrol engines (M14, M2 and M5), developing 45HP, 55HP and 70 HP. Mercedes-Benz L1 and L2 were the new models, but Mercedes-Benz L5 truck was basically a continuation of famous Benz 5CN truck, which was developed before the merge of Benz & Cie and Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft companies. In 1927 Mercedes-Benz presented its first diesel engine (OM5), which immediately became a sensation.
|
|
The powertrain options initially only included petrol engines, which consist of either one of two inline four-cylinder engines – the all-new 1.8-litre EA888 Turbocharged Fuel Stratified Injection (TFSI) (available initially only in Germany, later elsewhere from mid 2009), or the more common and established EA113-variant 2.0-litre TFSI. The Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) technology was derived from the Audi Le Mans endurance race cars, and offers improved fuel efficiency as well as an increased power output and cleaner emissions. The 3.2-litre 'V6' badged VR6 engine is carried over from the previous generation, and this engine was also available in the Canadian model. 2.0 TFSI quattro models, with the latest EA888 engine, became available in 2009 model year.
|
|
The use of straight-five petrol engines in mass production cars only became truly viable with the advent of reliable fuel injection. A five-cylinder engine using a carburetor fuel system has an unavoidable problem in that the length of the inlet manifold between the carburetor varies too greatly between cylinders at the ends of the engine and those nearer the carburetor for reliable and consistent fuel delivery. Using multiple carburetors (two or three) always results in one carburetor feeding more cylinders than the other, which also produces running and tuning problems. In theory individual carburetors could be used for each cylinder, but this approach is expensive and still brings with it the attendant difficulties in balancing the multiple carbs.
|
|
The tall straight-five Audi engine had to be slanted to fit below a rear engine deck, employing an extra electric cooling blower on shut-down, so as to prevent warping of the hot aluminium head and inlet manifold. Fiat also makes use of his own inline-fives petrol engines in European Fiat Marea (2.0 L, 20v, 155 hp), Fiat Bravo, Fiat Coupé (2.0 L, 20v, turbocharged, 220 hp) and Fiat Stilo (2.4 L, 20v, 170 hp) and in Brazilian Fiat Marea with 3 variants: 2.0L, 20v, N/A, 142 hp; 2.0L, 20v, turbocharged, 182 hp and 2.4 L, 20v, N/A, 162 hp. Lancia also uses the straight-five Fiat engines in late Lancia Kappa, Lancia Lybra and Lancia Thesis.
|
|
The unit's basic architecture applied a conventional ohc configuration which made it a little taller than the Rekord's petrol engines, and diesel powered Rekord Ds are therefore easily distinguishable by the hump shaped ridge along the centre of the bonnet/hood. For certain export market, notably Italy, where the 2-litre engine size was a critical threshold in terms of car tax rates, a smaller diesel unit became available towards the end of the Rekord D's production run. The smaller unit shared the 85 mm stroke of the 2068 cc unit, but the bore was reduced from 88 mm to 86.5 mm, giving rise to a 1988 cc overall displacement. Maximum power in the smaller diesel came down from the 2068 cc car's to .
|
|
One of the users of the G60 engine, the Volkswagen Corrado 2-door coupé Volkswagen Golf Mk2 Rallye powered by the G60 engine A rare Volkswagen Golf Mk2 G60 Limited hot hatch - one of only 71 produced The Volkswagen G60 and G40 engines are inline-four cylinder automobile petrol engines, which uses a specific method of forced induction - by way of a scroll-type supercharger. The G60 engine was formerly manufactured by the German automaker Volkswagen Group, and was installed in a limited number and range of 'hot hatch' cars from their Volkswagen Passenger Cars marque from August 1988 to July 1993.ETKA A smaller G40 engine of identical design had earlier been installed in the Mk2 Volkswagen Polo GT G40 from August 1986 to July 1994.
|
|
Operation Reindeer was also complicated by the fact that the Elands utilised petrol engines, which necessitated a separate logistics tail from that of the diesel-powered Ratels. Ratel Mk II, identifiable by its exposed headlamps and the armoured cover plates over its wheel hubs. Although PLAN possessed little conventional warfare capabilities, it was frequently backed by its allies in the Cuban and Angolan armed forces, which were skilled at constructing well-fortified defensive positions and had access to heavy armour. The addition of attached Eland squadrons to mechanised infantry units was considered necessary because they carried 60mm breech- loading mortars or large 90mm guns, which were more useful than the Ratel's 20mm autocannon for engaging fixed fortifications, dug-in troops, and enemy armour as needed.
|
|
With the rear seats removed, the Roomster's luggage compartment has enough room to carry a bicycle.Roomster accessories brochure 2011 The Roomster therefore competes both in the mini MPV and leisure activity vehicle markets, which it will be sharing with the FIAT Idea, Nissan Note, Opel Meriva, Citroën C3 Picasso and Volkswagen Golf Plus. When launched, the Škoda Roomster took its internal combustion engines from its Volkswagen Group relatives, all engines were inline four-stroke designs. Petrol engines included the multi valve inline three cylinder 1.2 litre, with power initially DIN rated at kilowatts, but with launch of the second generation Fabia rated at , followed by the 1.4-litre and 1.6-litre inline four-cylinder EA111 engines, with power of and respectively.
|
|
After the war Rackham moved to the United States and under Green was chief designer for John Hertz's Yellow Coach Company, one of the leading bus-builders in the States. Rackham, under Green's direction, evolved a range of fast, relatively light chassis with powerful engines and a trademark of frames gracefully swept with elegantly varying side-member depth. The Y and Z models also had off-set underslung worm rear-axles and six-cylinder overhead-camshaft (OHC) petrol engines; OHC was not generally known in UK buses at the time, and six-cylinder engines likewise. The only known Yellow Coach imported into the UK was fitted out in 1927 as a directors' saloon, for the use of Lord Ashfield and other directors of the Underground group.
|
|
LPG is also used in heavy duty vehicles / boats / trains / off road construction or mining or farming or other equipment to replace diesel or petrol with economy and environmental advantages. It is also possible to convert the existing heavy duty diesel engines to dual fuel with LPG for reducing the PM10 particulate emissions. Existing petrol engines can be converted at low cost in to 100% LPG or dual fuel with LPG for achieving enhanced fuel efficiency and economy with drastically reduced emissions. Non-subsidy LPG prices are below the diesel or petrol prices in India in terms of heat content (heat content wise one kg of LPG is equal to 1.85 liters of LPG or 1.37 liters of diesel oil or 1.48 liters of petrol).
|
|
In hybrid and diesel engine motor vehicles, a pump fitted on the engine (usually on the camshaft) is used to produce vacuum. In petrol engines, instead, vacuum is typically obtained as a side-effect of the operation of the engine and the flow restriction created by the throttle plate, but may be also supplemented by an electrically operated vacuum pump to boost braking assistance or improve fuel consumption. This vacuum may then be used to power the following motor vehicle components: vacuum servo booster for the hydraulic brakes, motors that move dampers in the ventilation system, throttle driver in the cruise control servomechanism, door locks or trunk releases. In an aircraft, the vacuum source is often used to power gyroscopes in the various flight instruments.
|
|
The outbreak of war in 1939 found him and his family on the territory of the Lithuanian republic, where he was involved in converting petrol engines into gas-powered ones, owing to the petrol shortage. Thanks to his contacts with the Italian legation in Lithuania, he helped Poles escape the conflict. After the annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union in June 1940, Tyszkiewicz was arrested and taken to Moscow where he was invited to collaborate with the NKVD, an offer he rejected requesting instead a laissez- passer to Italy. He was released from Lubianka Prison in October 1941 and made his way to the General Anders' army being formed then in preparation for a mass exodus from the USSR.
|
|
Victor Oil Engines (Coventry) Ltd was a subsidiary of Coventry Victor Motor Co Ltd formed in 1933.Automotive History Sources in Coventry Archives By 1949 the production of the Cub engine has changed again, to Cub Oil Engines Ltd, Atlantic Works, Wishaw, Scotland.The Modern Diesel, Eleventh Edition, Iliffe & Sons, 1949, p227 The Cox Street address still appeared in later adverts for Coventry Victor Motor Co Ltd.1946 Coventry Victor Engine advert In 1946 The Engineer magazine reported "A small petrol engine", The Engineer, 3 May 1946, p412-413 that Coventry Victor had added two new small flat twin petrol engines to their range, of 285cc and 340cc, known as the "Midget" - the two models only differing in the cylinder bore (55 and 60mm respectively).
|
|
The crankcases, cylinder heads, and pistons were all of aluminium alloy. The camshaft and crankshaft ran in ball bearings. These were available air cooled (with added fan and cowling for stationary use), and as water cooled units for marine use which included outboard motors. After the war Coventry Victor Motor Co produced a range of petrol and diesel engines for marine and industrial use. The diesel engines included air and water cooled vertical single cylinder units (AD1, AD2, AD3 and WD1, WD2, WD3 models respectively), twin cylinder air-cooled HDA model, and water-cooled HDW models (also known as the Vixen). The petrol engines included twin cylinder air- cooled MA2 and AN4 models, and twin cylinder water-cooled MW2 and WN4 models.
|
|
Hugo Junkers (3 February 1859 – 3 February 1935) was a German aircraft engineer and aircraft designer who pioneered the design of all-metal airplanes and flying wings. His company, Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke AG (Junkers Aircraft and Motor Works), was one of the mainstays of the German aircraft industry in the years between World War I and World War II. His multi-engined, all-metal passenger- and freight planes helped establish airlines in Germany and around the world. In addition to aircraft, Junkers also built both diesel and petrol engines and held various thermodynamic and metallurgical patents. He was also one of the main sponsors of the Bauhaus movement and facilitated the move of the Bauhaus from Weimar to Dessau (where his factory was situated) in 1925.
|
|
In 1940, a contract was signed with the Packard Motor Car Company in Detroit, Michigan, for the production of Merlin aero-engines for World War II in the USA. Production focused on aero engines but a variant of the Merlin engine, known as the Meteor, was developed for the Cromwell tank. The Meteor's development completed in 1943 the same team at the Belper foundry restarted work on an eight-cylinder car engine widening its uses and it became the pattern for the British Army's B range of petrol engines for post war combat vehicles in particular in Alvis's FV600 range,Ritual Stolly swimming, "the best bit of kit we ever had" Daimler's Ferret, Humber's Hornet and Pig and Austin's Champ.
|
|
Bosch WaterBoost - Bosch Mobility Solutions Similar results[1] THEWES, M.; BAUMGARTEN, H.; SCHARF, J.; BIRMES, G.; BALAZS, A. et. alt., 2016 Water Injection - High Power and High Efficiency combined in: 25. Aachener Kolloquium Fahrzeug- und Motorentechnik were published by FEV showing up to 5,3% Fuel Efficiency improvement on 2,0L displacement petrol engine and even up to more than 7% in combination with cooled exhaust gas recirculation, depending of the drive cycle considered. Water Injection and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) could be seen as competitive technologies: it has been demonstrated that at medium load a 40-50 % Water-to-Fuel Ratio (WFR) with Port Water Injection (PWI) has the same effect as an EGR-rate of 10%, which is seen as relatively limited even for petrol engines.
|
|
An Ultra Prestige model was also added. The facelifted model is identified by a revised front and rear design, plus the new range of PSA engines incorporating the 1.2-litre three cylinder PureTech petrol engines (available in normally aspirated 82 bhp and turbocharged 110 and 130 bhp variants), the 1.6-litre THP turbocharged petrol engine with 165 bhp, and 1.6-litre BlueHDi turbo diesel engines with 100 and 120 bhp. In addition, a new DS 3 Performance model was introduced with the THP engine uprated to 210 bhp, with a 0–100 km/h time of 6.5 seconds. In June 2016, DS partnered with French luxury fashion and perfume company Givenchy and launched the DS 3 Givenchy Le MakeUp special edition.
|
|
The group of engineers at Rolls-Royce's Clan Foundry in Belper Derbyshire led by W A Robotham completed development of the Rolls-Royce Meteor engine in 1943 and began work on this rationalised range of petrol engines to power a range of army combat vehicles. Development was completed and manufacture started at Rolls-Royce Crewe in 1947. B40 engines were required in large numbers for the British Army contract to build 15,000 ¼ton "Champs" over four years (1951-1956) plus spare engines and parts, and a further 400 vehicles for the Australian Army. Rolls Royce were unable to cope with production at this rate and the Austin Motor Co were granted a licence to produce B40 Mk.5A engines, and also loaned tooling.
|
|
Petrol–electric transmission (UK English) or gasoline–electric transission or gas–electric transmission (US English) is a transmission system for vehicles powered by petrol engines. Petrol-electric transmission was used for a variety of applications in road, rail, and marine transport, in the early 20th century. After World War I, it was largely superseded by diesel-electric transmission, a similar transmission system used for diesel engines; but petrol-electric has become popular again in the 21st century in hybrid electric vehicles. Petrol–electric transmission was used in certain niche markets in the early 20th century, such as in the petrol–electric railway locomotives produced in Britain for use on the War Department Light Railways during World War I or for privately owned Arad & Csanad United Railways.
|
|
Fuel economy of 19 mpg (12.4 L/100 km) in the city and 28 mpg (8.4 L/100 km) on the highway is expected. The 2.2 VGT CRDI diesel engine from the Santa Fe is also available, with the addition of the 2.4 Theta and 2.7 Mu petrol engines in South Korea The Limited trim level adds 17-inch alloy wheels, heated front seats, leather seat-upholstery, and a power sun shade in the rear window. The Ultimate Package includes an enhanced audio system with 10 Infinity speakers and a 6-disc CD changer, a power sunroof, powered tilt- telescopic steering wheel, and rain-sensing windshield wipers. The 2007 model featured a revised gauge pattern and steering wheel controls. The 2008 model introduced the optional LG Navigation system.
|
|
They are both four-wheel drive with independent suspensions and central inflating system. The EQ2050 also has re- designed lights and radiator to make it look different from the original Humvee. DFM has cooperated with AM General Motors on getting American-made parts for the first EQ2050s made. A variant of the EQ2050 called the EQ2058 was made for military purposes, which has an armored body. A civilian version of the EQ2050 is being made by DFM, which will use petrol engines instead of diesel engines. The Dongfeng CSK141 is a variant first manufactured in 2014, but was shown publicly in 2015 and in 2016 at the Zhuhai 2016 exhibit. It has been seen in the PLA Hong Kong Garrison in 2017. It has an all-round protection for 7.62x39 ammo.
|
|
Pre-facelift Volkswagen Polo Interior (pre-facelift) The MK3 Polo was unveiled on 31 August 1994, and was immediately available in left-hand drive form for continental markets, and was launched on the right-hand drive UK market in October that year. It was the first completely new Polo to be launched since the MK2 model in 1981; although that model had undergone a major restyle in 1990. It was also the first version of the Polo to be available with five doors as well as three doors. The initial range consisted of new 1.0 and 1.6 petrol engines; the 1.3 unit was carried over from the previous Polo but discontinued a year later in favour a new 1.4 unit, which became available around the same time as a 1.9 diesel and turbo-diesel models.
|
|
The DS 4 is a compact car, and it is the second model in the then-new premium (luxury vehicle) DS sub-brand created by Citroën, now an independent brand. It was officially launched internationally in March 2011, but already on sale in some countries by the end of 2010. Based upon the Citroën C4 II, it features raised suspension to resemble a compact SUV and repositioned door handles to give a coupé like a silhouette. The rear windows are fixed, and do not slide down or open outwards. At launch, the petrol engines that powered the DS 4 were all a product of a collaboration between PSA and BMW, all being 1,598 cc four-cylinder, 16 valve units. The base VTi 120 was normally aspirated and put out .
|
|
Kneeling Spirit of Ecstasy (1934-1939 and 1946-1956) mounted on most of the radiators, except units 15 and 18 (chassis 4CS4). Rolls Royce broke with their earlier decision to cease production of the series of "big" Rolls-Royce Phantoms after the end of World War II. The Phantom IV chassis differed from those of the shorter, production post-War models, the Silver Wraith and the Bentley Mark VI, apart from a larger size and an engine with increased capacity and power, in having an additional cross-member at the centre of the cruciform bracing and 10-stud road wheel mounting.Martin Bennett, "Rolls-Royce: The Postwar Phantoms IV, V, VI", p. 18, (2008) The engine was a derivative of the 8-cylinder rationalized B range of petrol engines (formed by four, six and straight eight).
|
|
The first version of this engine, as described in the initial patent, was a rotary engine: the 'crank' (in this case the cam ring) remained fixed and the cylinders revolved around it. This type of engine (although as spark-ignition petrol engines, not diesels) had developed before World War I as an aircraft engine, its advantage being improved cooling for the cylinders as they rotated through a stream of cooling air. A disadvantage of the rotary engine was the increased rotating mass, although in the Michel case, the cam track was itself of considerable mass and so the significance was less than it had been for the aircraft engine. The rotary version of the engine had the fuel injection pump mounted on the rotating portion of the engine, along with the cylinders.
|
|
The Land Rover part of the group saw the most product development in an (ultimately successful) attempt to turn around a severe decline in Land Rover sales in the early 1980s (a 25% fall between 1980 and 1981 alone). A modernised and improved Land Rover model range was launched in stages between 1983 and 1985 (the Land Rover Ninety/One Ten/127 range, with new engines, transmissions, suspension and interiors. The Range Rover was gradually pushed up-market into the luxury car sector with a facelift and with more powerful engines, an automatic gearbox, 5 doors and new interior features such as leather seats and air conditioning. Throughout the mid 1980s new engines were added to the Land Rover line-up, including more powerful V8 petrol engines and a turbodiesel model.
|
|
The fuel-injected petrol engines gave better performance and refinement than the carburettor units previously used. They were mounted transversely, and the floorpan was engineered to accept Volkswagen's 'Syncro' four-wheel drive system. Engine options were the 2.0-litre 16-valve engine in the GL model, 1.8-litre engine in the CL model (not available in North America, all CLs, GLs, and GLSs had the 2.0 16v), The 1.8 8v 112 bhp PB engine from the Golf GTi was also used in the Passat GT model. Volkswagen's new 2.8-litre VR6 engine (also used in the Golf and Corrado) in the GLX/GLS model (introduced in 1991 in Europe and 1992 in North America), and the G60 engine (only available on the Syncro model in Canada for the North American market).
|
|
Rover 200 (1989–1995) Rover 200 (1995–1999) The Rover Group's first significant new car launch was the Rover 200, which was introduced in October 1989. Unlike its predecessor, it was a three or five-door hatchback, the former to launch later, instead of a four-door saloon which would become the Rover 400. It used a new range of 16-valve K Series petrol engines as well as a Peugeot 1.9 diesel and 1.8 turbodiesel both fitted to the Phase 1 Peugeot 405. Sales were stronger than its successors and its launch coincided with a winding-down in production of the similarly sized Maestro, which finally ceased production at the end of 1994 having spent the final years of its life as a budget alternative to the more upmarket Rover 200.
|
|
Rover Metro (1990–1994) Rover 100 (1995–1997) May 1990 saw Rover give the decade-old Metro a major reworking, which most notably included internal and external restyling, as well as new 1.1 and 1.4 K-Series petrol engines. The new Metro offered some of the best standards of specification in any supermini at the time, and it sold well until being replaced by the Rover 100 (essentially another update of the original 1980 design) in December 1994. The Rover 100 remained in production for three years, selling reasonably well, until it was discontinued after a dismal crash test performance that saw demand fall dramatically. Its demise marked the passing of the last design from the British Leyland era of the company with production ceasing at the end of 1997.
|
|
The Croma, built at Fiat's Cassino factory, had three trim levels and five engine options. Like the chassis, petrol engines were supplied by Opel, beginning with the brand new evolution of the Family 1 Ecotec 1.8 L with 140 PS (103 kW), followed by the torquier L850 Ecotec 2.2 L with 147 PS (108 kW). However, the bulk of the sales is represented by Fiat's own Multijet engine, available in three variants 1.9 L with 8 valves and 120 PS (88 kW), 1.9 L with 16 valves and 150 PS (110 kW), and the range topper five cylinder 2.4 L 20V, with 200 PS(147 kW). The diesel engines were fitted with a standard six speed manual gearbox, six speed automatic (standard on 2.4 engines) is also available.
|
|
The Albanian Land Force also possesses a large fleet of Land Rover Defenders, a quantity of them were gifted by the Turkish and Italian armies and the rest of the fleet were bought. The Italian Army adopted the Defender 90 in 1991 under the name of "AR 90" (AR standing for "Autovettura da Ricognizione", Reconnaissance Vehicle), soft top version, with 2.0 petrol engines MPI series, 2.5 diesel Td5 and 2.4 diesel Td4 engines. Another Land Force version is denominated "VAV" (standing vor "Veicolo d'Attacco Veloce", Fast Attack Vehicle), carrying a crew of three and armed with NATO 5.56 machine gun and 40mm grenade launcher. The Defender hard top version in Italy is also adopted by police forces Carabinieri (Defender 90), civil protection forces (Defender 90, 110 and 130), fire fighting squads (Defender 90, 110).
|
|
The Renault Laguna entered its second-generation at the end of the year and is available as a hatchback or estate (Sports Tourer) and offered with 1.6 and 1.8 four-cylinder petrol engines, as well as a 3.0 V6 petrol and a 1.9 direct-injection diesel. The Twingo received a mild update and the Espace was given a mild facelift with new trim level designations that would soon appear elsewhere in the Renault range. Peugeot launches the 206CC, a cabriolet model that's similar in concept to the Mercedes SLK with a 2-piece hard folding roof. After 11 years amidst declining sales, Citroen ends production of the executive XM model with no direct replacement in June while at the same time UK sales start of the Xsara Picasso compact MPV.
|
|
In South Africa, the Sierra range featured both the five-door hatchback and station wagon bodies and production began at the Silverton (Pretoria) plant in January 1983. The restyled Sierra range differed from its European equivalent by featuring the traditional black grille of the Sierra Sapphire sedan on the hatchbackFord Sierra 2.0 liter and wagon,Ford Sierra station wagon, 3ltr, GLX V6 though later, the grille would feature on these models in Europe. The sedan, only introduced in South Africa in the second quarter of 1989,International Motor Business, Issues 137-140, Economist Intelligence Unit, 1989, page 59 was known simply as the "Ford Sapphire".1989 Ford Sapphire Versions sold in South Africa were available with the 1.6 (Kent) and 2.0 (Pinto) four-cylinders, 2.3 V6 (Cologne) or 3.0-litre V6 (Essex) petrol engines.
|
|
The first generation Fortuner was unveiled in December 2004 at the Thailand International Motor Expo and was available for sale in early 2005. It is positioned below the Land Cruiser and above the RAV4. Model codes included: TGN50, GGN60, TGN60, KUN60. Rear view (pre-facelift) Initially, the Fortuner was sold with 4 different types of 2 petrol engines and 2 diesel engines. All variants were offered in RWD or 4WD configuration, with 5-speed manual transmission and a 4 or 5-speed automatic transmission. In August 2012, the 2.5-litre common-rail turbodiesel 2KD-FTV engine was upgraded to a variable nozzle turbocharger (VNT) which was already equipped in the 3.0-litre common-rail turbo diesel 1KD-FTV since its introduction in 2005 to increase power and torque about 60%, also reducing fuel consumption up to 30%.
|
|
Pre- facelift Citroën C3 hatchback Facelift Citroën C3 hatchback Facelift Citroën C3 hatchback Interior After Jean-Pierre Ploué was appointed Director of the Citroën Design Center in 2000, he designed the C3 under the leadership of Donato Coco, who was already responsible for Citroën Xsara Picasso. The first generation of the C3 was launched at the 2001 Frankfurt Motor Show, as well as the 2001 Bologna Motor Show, and began marketing in January 2002, as a five door hatchback. It was available with 1.1, 1.4 and 1.6 litre petrol engines, and 1.4 and 1.6 litre common rail diesel engines. All models came as standard with a five speed manual transmission, except for the Stop & Start model, which came with the SensoDrive gearbox, a five-speed automated manual transmission with paddle-shifters and manual and automatic modes.
|
|
Production of the Capri coupé ended in December 1986 after 18 years and there was no replacement, as sporting coupés were less popular at this time following the rise in popularity of fast hatchbacks such as the Ford Escort XR3i, Vauxhall Astra GTE, Peugeot 309 GTI and Volkswagen Golf GTI. Ford had proved successful in this sector with faster versions of the Fiesta, Escort, and Sierra. The third generation Fiesta was launched in March 1989 and the main news of the launch was the long-awaited availability of a five-door version – something that was already available on key rivals like the Austin Metro, Vauxhall Nova, Fiat Uno, SEAT Ibiza and the Peugeot 205. New to the range were the new 1.0 and 1.1 HCS (High Compression Swirl) petrol engines which ran alongside the long-running 1.4 unit.
|
|
The 300 Series had a choice of three petrol engines; a 1.4, 1.7, and a 2.0-litre. The 1.4 litre B14 was a Renault C-series OHV pushrod unit, and for the 360 there was the B200 (originally the earlier B19 version) 2.0-litre engine taken from the Volvo 240 with outputs varying from to . A new Renault F-series 1.7 litre petrol engine (designated the B172) was introduced in the 340 during the summer of 1985, following the range facelift, along with a 340 version of the saloon, which was only available with the new engine. There was also a catalyzed version (B172K) available later on, with . Volvo 360 GLT 1987 and 1988 A diesel engine for the 340 developing , was only available in select export markets and was added to the 340 models in 1984.
|
|
1966 Saab Sport A two-stroke minibike Lateral view of a two-stroke Forty series British Seagull outboard engine, the serial number dates it to 1954/1955 Two-stroke petrol engines are preferred when mechanical simplicity, light weight, and high power-to-weight ratio are design priorities. With the traditional lubrication technique of mixing oil into the fuel, they also have the advantage of working in any orientation, as the oil reservoir is not dependent on gravity; this is an essential property for hand-held power tools such as chainsaws. A number of mainstream automobile manufacturers have used two- stroke engines in the past, including the Swedish Saab and German manufacturers DKW, Auto-Union, VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau, VEB Automobilwerk Eisenach, and VEB Fahrzeug- und Jagdwaffenwerk „Ernst Thälmann. The Japanese manufacturers Suzuki and Subaru did the same in the 1970s.
|
|
The hatchback body shell was one of the most spacious of its time and this was a significant factor in its popularity. The space efficient interior was also lauded for the novel 60/40 split rear seat which was standard on higher specification models. The original Mk.1 Metros also featured David Bache's signature "symmetric" dashboard design (also used on the Range Rover and the Rover SD1), where the main dashboard moulding consists of a shelf, onto which the instrument binnacle is simply mounted on the left or the right hand side – this arrangement saves the tooling cost of two separate dashboard mouldings for right and left-hand drive. Initially, the Metro was sold as a three-door hatchback only (as were most of its competitors), with a choice of 998cc (1.0 litre) or 1275cc (1.3-litre) petrol engines.
|
|
Though their shape remained the same, headlights with a projector module underwent technical changes: for full beam, a separate reflector is fitted on the inner side of the lamp, while the projector module (providing a dimmed beam) is on the outer side. The engine line-up was updated along with a facelift, too. 1.2-litre TSI turbocharged petrol engines came as a replacement of the previous 1.4 and 1.6-litre MPI engines, providing significant improvements to fuel consumption and corresponding reductions in CO2 emissions. The Aisin automatic transmission previously used was also replaced with the 7-speed DSG dual-clutch gearbox (optional on 77 kW (105 PS; 103 hp) 1.2 TSI models), providing a reduction of over 30% in CO2 emissions for the 77 kW (105 PS; 103 hp) automatic derivative (compared to the previous 1.6-litre).
|
|
It had originally been intended to design special engines for R100 which would be fuelled by hydrogen and kerosene but after a year's work it was realised that the engine would not be developed in time and it was decided to fit the Beardmore Tornado diesel engine that was being developed for the Air Ministry for installation in R101. At an early stage the Tornado was judged unsuitable because of its weight and other problems, and Wallis settled on the use of six reconditioned Rolls-Royce Condor petrol engines even though the fuel, with its lower flash point, was considered to be a fire risk under tropical conditions.Hartcup 1974, p. 189. The engines were contained in three gondolas, each with one engine driving a 17 ft (5.18 m) diameter tractor propeller and a second driving a 15 ft (4.57 m) diameter pusher propeller.
|
|
The BX enjoyed a four-year run as the UK's best selling diesel engine car from 1987, and was consistently among the most popular imported cars. The BX dispensed with the air cooled, flat four engine which powered the GS, and replaced it with the new PSA group XY, TU and XU series of petrol engines in 1360 cc, 1580 cc and, from 1984, 1905 cc displacements. A 1124 cc engine, very unusual in a car of this size, was also available in countries where car tax was a direct function of engine capacity, such as Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Greece. The 1.1 and 1.4 models used the PSA X engine (known widely as the "Douvrin" or "Suitcase Engine"), the product of an earlier Peugeot/Renault joint venture, and already fitted in the Peugeot 104 and Renault 14.
|
|
Another novel feature which appeared on the more expensive Vanden Plas & MG versions is a digital instrument panel and a trip-computer which talks and also alerts the driver of any problems although the feature would soon be dropped. Power comes from 1.3 and 1.6 petrol engines, and there is also a more powerful MG version (the MG Maestro 1600) which uses the 1.6 R-Series engine and is capable of 110 mph. Interior space, asking price and running costs are the car's strongest points, and a saloon version is expected next year to give British Leyland an up-to-date rival for the Ford Sierra. The big news for Vauxhall in 1983 was the introduction of an all-new supermini- the Nova, which replaces the Chevette although that model continued with a reduced range until January 1984.
|
|
Microcars have also been defined as being a "small car, popular in the 1950s, that featured a body offering full weather protection and mechanics often derived from motorcycle technology", though in the 1950s, a trend towards egg- shaped cars with a relatively large ratio of windows to bodywork meant that the affectionate term bubble car was used. The term microcar is usually applied only to such small cars built after World War II; cars built prior to the war are more generally referred to as cyclecars. However, one dictionary definition states simply that a microcar is "a small fuel-efficient automobile". An attempt at a more specific definition for microcars suggested by some enthusiasts is "economy vehicles with either three or four wheels, powered by petrol engines of no more than 700 cc or battery electric propulsion, and manufactured since 1945".
|
|
Rover 400 saloon (rear) Rover 400 hatchback (rear) The dashboard of a Rover 400 The second generation 400 Series, codenamed Theta or HH-R, was launched in the summer of 1995 as a hatchback, and later as a saloon. This time, it was based on the Honda Domani, which had been released in Japan in 1992, and was sold as part of the European Honda Civic range in five door hatchback form. It was no longer as closely related to the 200 Series, which was revised independently by Rover but still shared many components with the 400. Power came from 1.4 and 1.6 litre K-Series, 1.6 litre Honda D series SOHC (Automatic gearbox only) and 2.0 L Rover T Series petrol engines, as well as a 2.0 litre L-Series turbodiesel from the more luxurious 600 Series.
|
|
Brayton direct injecton 1887 The principle of injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber at the moment at which combustion is required to start was first invented by George Brayton in 1887, but it has been used to good effect in petrol engines for a long time. Brayton describes his invention as follows: "I have discovered that heavy oils can be mechanically converted into a finely-divided condition within a firing portion of the cylinder, or in a communicating firing chamber." Another part reads "I have for the first time, so far as my knowledge extends, regulated speed by variably controlling the direct discharge of liquid fuel into the combustion chamber or cylinder into a finely-divided condition highly favorable to immediate combustion". This was the first engine to use a lean burn system to regulate engine speed / output.
|
|
A six-speed manual transmission was also added to the range, instead of just having a five-speed manual as seen in the previous model. In June 2003, the Mondeo was given a very mild upgrade, the new models being identifiable by the larger chrome honeycomb grille, redesigned fog lights, a new central dashboard made from higher quality materials, with electronic climate control, either a standard Ford radio, Sony radio, or a satellite navigation radio/CD player, which also has climate control built into the unit in lieu of the space taken up by the unit. The Durashift automatic is now available with steering wheel control. The petrol engines were revised at this stage also — the new SCI (direct injection) version of the 1.8 L Duratec engine was introduced, which generates 4 kW (5 PS) more than the standard unit.
|
|
The fuel injected petrol engines gave better performance and refinement than the previously used carbureted units. They were mounted transversely, and the floorpan was engineered to accept Volkswagen's "Syncro" four-wheel drive system. Engine options were the 2.0-litre 16-valve engine (for North America only in the GL model), 1.8-litre eight-valve and 16-valve engines (not available in North America; all CLs, GLs, and GLSs had the 2.0 16v), Volkswagen's new 2.8-litre VR6 engine (also used in the Golf and Corrado) in the GL/GT (Europe) and GLX/GLS (North America) models (introduced in 1991 in Europe and 1992 in North America), and the G60 engine (only available on the Syncro model in Canada for the North American market). The VR6 engine gave the top-of-the-range Passat a top speed of .
|
|
The earliest versions of the 412 were also very unusual for a post-World War II car in that the body was made by Zagato in Italy and attached to a chassis built by Bristol Cars in Filton, England. This chassis was almost exactly the same as that of the Bristol 603, but the earliest 412s retained the Chrysler B series petrol engines 6,277 cc (383 cubic inches) that had been used in the 411. However, the second series of 412, which arrived towards the end of 1977, changed to the same 5,899 cc (360 cubic inch) petrol engine as that used in the Bristol 603 and later in its successor, the Bristol Britannia. The 1977 second series cars incorporated front suspension modifications to allow for the lighter engine along with a final drive ratio changed to 2.88:1.
|
|
Five door Tipo 1.4, rear view Unveiled in January 1988, the Tipo went on sale in Europe during June 1988, and on the right hand drive market in the United Kingdom from 16 July 1988, initially base (i.e.), DGT, (early Italian market DGT models were badged as 'digit', presumably in recognition of the digital dash, but this was quickly changed to DGT after a dispute over ownership of the name, leading to confusion about whether the model was diesel powered) S, SX and 16v trim levels were available. "Tipo" is Spanish for "kind", and Italian for "type". Power from came from 1.1, 1.4, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.8 16v, 2.0, and 2.0 16v petrol engines, as well as a 1.7 diesel, 1.9 diesel, and 1.9 turbodiesel. The 1.1 base engine was widely regarded as underpowered for the car, which was otherwise roomy for five adults and with above average equipment.
|
|
Powertrain detail of the Audi V8 featured one of two all-new, all-aluminium alloy engines – both petrol engines, and both in V8 configuration with 32 valves (four valves per cylinder) with dual valve springs, and four overhead camshafts (DOHC). The design set the pattern for future Audi-developed Volkswagen Group V8 engines. In addition to using an all-aluminum alloy cylinder block (when the established material was grey cast iron), the camshafts were driven using a hybrid method. A rubber/kevlar toothed timing belt, driven from the front of the crankshaft operated only the exhaust camshaft in each bank. The inlet camshafts were then operated via a simplex roller chain from the exhaust camshaft – the right bank, (cylinders 1–4) at the rear of the engine, and the left bank (cylinders 5–8) at the front of the engine, immediately behind the timing belt.
|
|
Pre facelift Citroën C1 showing tail light clusters Interior On both the five door C1 and 107, though not the Aygo, the rear tail light cluster extends from the edge of the rear doors to the rear window, without a visually expressed "C-pillar". The C1 is powered by a 1.0 L three cylinder engine, which has a fuel economy of 61.4 mpg (UK gallons EU method; 4.6 L/100 km EU method; ca 43.4 mpg US with US method). A 1.4 L four cylinder HDI diesel engine which has a fuel economy of 68.9 mpg (UK gallons EU method; 4.1 L/100 km EU method; ca 48.8 mpg US with US method) is also available. According to the German magazine Der Spiegel, the C1 is the production car with the second- best fuel economy both among petrol engines (after the Toyota Prius) and among diesel engines (after the Smart ForTwo).
|
|
The Rover 600 Series is a large family car range that was produced by the British manufacturer Rover from 1993 to 1999. The exterior of the Rover 600 was designed by Rover, a reskin of the European Honda Accord, also built in the United Kingdom by Honda in Swindon. The core structure and vast majority of the engineering content was sourced from Honda but the vehicles were designed at the same time, with a small Rover team on site in Japan. Colour and trim derivatives were also used to help separate the Rover from the Honda in the marketplace. The 1.8, 2.0 and 2.3 litre straight-4 petrol engines were all provided by Honda. However, the 2.0 litre turbodiesel Rover L-Series engine and turbocharged T-Series engines were developed by Rover itself, evolutions of units already available elsewhere in the Rover model range.
|
|
Although this engine change didn't affect the other technical regulations, which still called for steel space frames which were much more economical to build and run compared to their carbon fiber counterparts, the increased engine power accelerated chassis development, causing many of the smaller manufacturers to stop producing cars, resulting in fewer constructors represented in the championship. The Zetec regulations lasted only 12 years up until the Ford Duratec engine was introduced in 2006, providing better handling and power due to its lighter weight even though the specification had returned to 1600cc engines. The biggest changes to the championship came in 2012 when the latest Ford EcoBoost engine and specification was adopted as the main championship. The EcoBoost car marks a substantial change in the direction of Formula Ford racing as it introduces both smaller capacity Turbocharged petrol engines and for the first time a sequential gearbox.
|
|
The Western Lady Fleet laid up in the winter of 2005. Western Lady III is on the right In 1946, Mr Edhouse of Totnes purchased four of the RMLs, and converted them for use as passenger vessels on a ferry service from Torquay to Brixham, across Torbay in South Devon. The ferry had been run up until 1934 by the Devon Dock, Pier & Steamship Co, but had then lapsed, due to the vessel used, SS King Edward failing her boiler survey. The four RMLs were named Western Lady, Western Lady II, Western Lady III and Western Lady IV. All were re-engined, as their original engines used a fuel with too high an octane value for passenger service; in any case, the original Hall-Scott Defender Petrol engines had been removed prior to sale by the Admiralty and returned to the USA under the World War II lease-lend agreement.
|
|
The Portaro was a popular cross-country 4X4 vehicle manufactured from imported parts in CKD form destined for assembling them in Portugal starting in 1975 by the entrepreneur and industrialist man Hipólito Pires with help from a business partner José Megre. The Portaro was a modern version derived from the original ARO 240 4WD Series originally from the 1970s. The PORTARO 4X4 first appeared in 1975 and came in two main versions: The PORTARO 4X4, an offroad utility jeep, and later in 1977 the PORTARO Campina 4X4 a pick up truck version both were similar to the worldwide known British Landrover 4WD model. In the early 1980s three modified PORTARO 4WD models even won the Paris-Dakar Offroad Pharaoh Rallye driven by French and Portuguese teams, all with Volvo petrol engines, plus two Diesel units: A Campina 320 and a Campina Super 350 for the behind-the-scenes teamcrew and staff.
|
|
An experimental design MTB 102 served in World War II; During the Dunkirk evacuation it acted as a temporary flagship Israeli MTB formation, circa 1967 A motor torpedo boat is a fast torpedo boat, especially of the mid 20th century. The motor in the designation originally referred to their use of petrol engines, typically marinised aircraft engines or their derivatives, which distinguished them from other naval craft of the era, including other torpedo boats, that used steam turbines or reciprocating steam engines. Later, diesel-powered torpedo boats appeared, in turn or retroactively referred to as "motor torpedo boats" for their internal combustion engines, as distinct from steam powered reciprocating or turbine propulsion. Though other navies built similar petrol-powered craft, the specific designation "motor torpedo boat", abbreviated to "MTB", is generally used for craft of the Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Canadian Navy boats.
|
|
All of the engine variants were now classed as BlueEfficiency units. All petrol engines now had direct injection system. All of the models now came with a 5-speed automatic transmission, except of C 300 CDI 4Matic which had the 7G-TRONIC PLUS 7-speed automatic transmission. The C 350 received the new 3.5L V6 engine with a 60-degree vee- angle and direct injection. There was also a new entry-level C 250 model which had a 1.8-litre turbocharged inline-4 engine with direct injection. Orders for the Saloon and Estate models introduction took place in early 2011, and the European market introduction took place from March 2011. Early models include C 180 BlueEfficiency, C 200 BlueEfficiency, C 250 BlueEfficiency, C 350 BlueEfficiency, C 350 4Matic BlueEfficiency, C 180 CDI BlueEfficiency, C 200 CDI BlueEfficiency, C 220 CDI BlueEfficiency, C 250 CDI BlueEfficiency, C 250 CDI 4Matic BlueEfficiency and the C 300 CDI 4Matic BlueEfficiency.
|
|
However, as a result of the change of ownership, BMW redeveloped the entire Cowley plant, demolishing much of the factory, to create a new factory and renamed this "Plant Oxford", on the site of what was historically the Pressed Steel Company's Cowley Body Plant and next door to what was historically the Morris factory. Since 2006, Plant Hams Hall produces the new Mini petrol engines, Plant Oxford is responsible for the body shell production, paint and assembly, and Plant Swindon produces body pressings and sub-assemblies, creating the "Mini Production Triangle". Mini claim that 60% of components of the Mini Mk II come from suppliers based in the UK compared to 40% for the 2001 model. The Countryman is the first modern Mini assembled outside the UK, with the contract won by Magna Steyr in Austria. At Plant Oxford 4,000 employees, referred to as "associates", produce up to 800 cars each day (approximately 240,000 per year).
|
|
British Leyland introduced the Austin Metro in October, a compact three-door hatchback which was sold alongside the Mini and was powered by the 1.0 and 1.3 petrol engines that were familiar in other BL products. The Metro took five years and cost hundreds of millions of pounds to develop and left BL without enough money for any more immediate all-new cars. So the nine-year-old Morris Marina was restyled to become the Morris Ital in July. The launch of the Metro saw cutbacks of BL's Mini and Allegro ranges, while more significantly the MG factory at Abingdon closed and production of the MG B and Midget finished after 19 years, as did the Canley plant in Coventry, a move which signalled the end for the Triumph Dolomite. Ford's Escort was moved onto front-wheel drive hatchback format with 3 or 5 doors after 13 years as a rear-wheel drive saloon in September as the MK3.
|
|
The luggage compartment was marginally smaller (mostly in height), which meant only a temporary spare tire could be fitted.Renaux, p. 47 The 80 quattro was a bargain compared to the Ur-Quattro, but less so in comparison with the two-wheel drive 80 GTE or the 100 CD, although they did not offer the impressive road holding that the quattros do. 1983 Audi 80 1.8 GL (United Kingdom) In Europe, the 80 was the standard model, while after a 1984 facelift the Audi 90 was launched as a larger-engined version of the 80; with more options, and, aside from the , four-cylinder 1.6-litre turbodiesel (TD) engine which was also available for the 80, two five-cylinder in-line petrol engines — a 2.0-litre with and a 2.2-litre with which was later modified into a 2.3-litre. The 2.2-litre was available with a catalytic converter and power ratings of for front-drive and for quattro models.
|
|
Audi's executive car was previously named the Audi 100 (or Audi 5000 in the United States), and was released in three successive generations (Audi C1, Audi C2 and Audi C3). In 1994, the latest generation (C4) of the Audi 100 received a facelift and was renamed as the Audi A6, to fit in with Audi's new alphanumeric nomenclature (as the full-size A8 had just been introduced). The exterior was changed only slightly from the "C4" Audi 100 – new front and rear lights, new radiator grille, similarly with chassis and engine and transmission choices. The United Kingdom was the first market to receive the A6, as stock of RHD Audi 100s had run out before expected, and before the rest of mainland Europe. The new engines for the A6 were 1.8-litre 20v inline four-cylinder, 2.0-litre 8v inline four-cylinder, 2.6-litre 12V V6 and 2.8-litre 30v V6 petrol engines, with the 2.3-litre inline five engine being dropped on most markets.
|
|
Pre-facelift A6 allroad quattro 3.0 TDI Facelift A6 allroad quattro 3.0 TFSI Facelift A6 allroad quattro 3.0 TDI Facelift A6 allroad quattro 3.0 TFSI Audi announced the C6 series allroad in the spring of 2005 and released it in the summer of 2006. This model was called the Audi A6 allroad Quattro (unlike the previous version, which was merely called Audi allroad Quattro, with no reference to the A6 nomenclature). The Audi A6 allroad quattro again featured adaptive air suspension and quattro permanent four-wheel drive system. The A6 allroad was powered by a choice of two Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) petrol engines, a 3.2-litre V6 and a 4.2-litre V8, and two TDI diesel engines, a 180 PS (132 kW) 2.7 L and a 225 PS (233 only in the US) (162 kW) 3.0 L. The tiptronic gearbox is standard on the 4.2 V8 and the 2.7 TDI, but optional on the 3.2 FSI and 3.0 TDI.
|
|
With both air and fuel in a closed cylinder, compressing the mixture too much poses the danger of auto-ignition — or behaving like a compression-ignition engine. Because of the difference in burn rates between the two different fuels, petrol engines are mechanically designed with different timing than diesels, so to auto-ignite a petrol engine causes the expansion of gas inside the cylinder to reach its greatest point before the cylinder has reached the top dead center (TDC) position. Spark plugs are typically set statically or at idle at a minimum of 10 degrees or so of crankshaft rotation before the piston reaches TDC, but at much higher values at higher engine speeds to allow time for the fuel-air charge to substantially complete combustion before too much expansion has occurred - gas expansion occurring with the piston moving down in the power stroke. Higher octane petrol burns slower, therefore it has a lower propensity to auto-ignite and its rate of expansion is lower.
|
|
Rover 25 3-door Rover 25 5-door Rover Commerce (van) A facelifted version of the Rover 200, renamed the Rover 25 (internal codename Jewel) was launched in autumn 1999 for the 2000 model year. It was repositioned and priced to compete with the Ford Fiesta and Vauxhall Corsa, rather than larger cars like the Ford Focus and Vauxhall Astra. This version used similar frontal styling to the larger 75 model. The chassis had been uprated to give sportier handling (suspension and steering setup from 200vi) and the front end had been restyled to give it the corporate Rover look first seen in the range-topping 75, a number of safety improvements and interior changes were made, but the 25 was instantly recognisable as a reworked 200 Series. The 1.4 L, 1.6 L and 1.8 L petrol engines as well as the 2.0 L diesel were all carried over from the previous range.
|
|
MG ZS EV MG ZS Unveiled at the Guangzhou Auto Show in November 2016, It is MG's second SUV and uses the same name as the earlier Rover 45 based MG ZS. The MG ZS was launched in March 2017, for the Chinese market. It is to be announced at the London Motor Show in 2017 and is set to commence production for the UK market afterwards in late 2017. The MG ZS is smaller in size than the MG GS and will be positioned below the MG GS in MG's model range. There will be two engines available: a new version of the SMTC NSE 1.5L engine called NSE Plus which has 120 hp and 150 Nm with a six-speed automatic or a six-speed manual transmission, and a brand-new 1.0L 3-cylinder turbo based on the joint venture by GM & SAIC in the SGE family of petrol engines.
|
|
2018 Volvo XC90 T6 R-Design (AU) In May 2012 Volvo announced that the second generation XC90 would go into production in late 2014, with orders being taken in 2014 and the vehicle officially going on sale in 2015. The SUV would be sold in Europe, Asia and North America, with the United States expected to account for at least a third of global sales. The present generation XC90 is based on Volvo's new platform, marketed as Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) technology which features a stronger platform offering weight reduction while improving safety and efficiency. The vehicle is longer, wider and lower than its predecessor. All engines in the XC90 will be 2.0-litre four-cylinder Drive-E powertrains with Volvo's eight-speed Geartronic transmission. The line-up will include two petrol engines: a twincharged 320 hp T6, producing 400 nm of torque and a turbocharged 254 hp T5, producing 350 nm of torque, two diesel engines: a twin turbo 235 hp D5, producing 470 nm of torque and a turbocharged 190 hp D4, producing 400 nm of torque.
|
|
The Series II Land Rover launched in 1958 was larger, heavier and more complex than the original, and there was an ever-present need for higher powered engines.Taylor, 2007 Also, the Rover petrol engines in use at the time, with the archaic Inlet- Over-Exhaust valve layout and were approaching the age of 20 years in design terms. A new, larger petrol engine specifically developed for the Land Rover was needed.Taylor, 1988, p.35 The existing 2-litre diesel engine was used as a basis, but with a radically changed internal structure.Robson, 2003, p. 37 The new engine was a ‘dry-liner' type, and a wider bore was used to improve low- speed torque output.Dymock, 2006, p. 96 Despite the numerous changes the petrol engine could use the same machining line as the diesel, establishing a design commonly used between Land Rover's petrol and diesel engines that would survive for decades. The 2.25-litre petrol was the most popular engine option right up to the mid-1980s and established a worldwide reputation for reliability and longevity.
|
|
Since Volvo introduced their Volvo 850 in 1991, much of their line-up has switched to their five-cylinder Modular engine, with their engines also being used in Ford's Focus ST and RS models. All of the inline-5 petrol engines used by Volvo and Ford were built at the Volvo Skövde engine plant in Skövde, Sweden, until their discontinuation in 2016. Honda produced the G series five-cylinder engine beginning in 1989 and used it in the Vigor, Inspire, Ascot, Rafaga, and Acura TL. Volkswagen used inline-five engines in their Eurovan, and developed a different inline-five engine which was used in the Jetta, Passat, Golf, Rabbit, and New Beetle in North America until the early 2010s. In South Africa, the well known VW Microbus/Caravelle (a passenger carrier) was later equipped with an Audi 5-cylinder 2.5 L (1991-1994) and still later a 2.6 L (1995-2002) water cooled engine, replacing the old air cooled Volkswagen 1,800 and 2,100 cc power plants that gave substandard performance to the large family bus.
|
|
The interior design was later finalized in 1992, with pilot production commencing in the first half of 1994. Development concluded in the third quarter of 1994, preceding November 1994 start of production. A wide range of engines were available in European markets, between 1.6 and 2.8 litres for petrol engines; and a 1.9-litre diesel engine available with Volkswagen Group's VE technology, capable of achieving a or . The 2.6 and 2.8-litre V6 engines which had been carried over from the old 80/90 proved popular, although in North America, the 2.8-litre engine was the only V6 that was available there until 1997. A 2.4-liter version was developed especially for the Thai market, where import duty jumped from 60 to 100 percent on cars of over 2,400 cc displacement. The Audi A4 was the first model in the Volkswagen Group to feature the new 1.8-litre 20v engine with five valves per cylinder, based on the unit Audi Sport had developed for their Supertouring race car.
|
|
Both 440 and 460 had a 1.7 litre Renault engine at launch, carried over from the Volvo 300 Series; this was available between 1988 and 1992 in two different versions with a carburettor (with and or and 130 Nm), multipoint fuel injection in two different versions (with and or and ) in the early GLT models and with multipoint fuel injection and a turbocharger with intercooler. The standard 1,721 cc powerplant produced and a claimed top speed of , which was marginally superior to some of its contemporary counterparts, such as the Volkswagen Passat and the Opel Vectra, as their 1.8 litre engines only had 90 bhp. The turbocharged version offered , and a claimed top speed of . This kind of performance put it on par with higher end 1.8 litre engines, such as the BMW 318 or 518 of the time, and equalled the performance of a host of other contemporary 2.0 litre engines. From 1992, the engines offered were substantially different, with the range now including 1.6i (), 1.8i (), and 2.0i () naturally aspirated petrol engines in addition to the 1.7 litre turbo option found in the mark 1 range.
|
|
Under the lauded styling was a range of petrol and diesel engines from 1.8- to 2.5-litre sizes. Petrol engines provided were Rover's 4-cylinder K series in 1.8-litre guise and the quad cam KV6, offered in either short-stroke 2.0 or revised 2.5-litre formats. The 2.0-litre was later dropped on introduction of the 1.8-litre turbo for emissions purposes. A diesel engine was provided through BMW Group channels. Engineered by Rover Group and Steyr engineers for transverse mounting, the 4-cylinder M47R (M47 Rail) differed from M47D20 engines found in the E46 3 Series and E39 5 Series by featuring a direct injection common-rail system, different turbocharger and more sophisticated systems for temperature management. Transmissions on all models were either the Getrag 283 5-speed manual, supplied from the company's new facility in Bari, Italy, or the JATCO 5-speed automatic unit—one of the first transverse engine deployments made with this feature. Braking was in the form of all-round discs, complemented with a Bosch 5.7 4-channel ABS system and electronic brake force distribution. The parking brake was a cable operated drum integral within the rear discs.
|
|
The A6's six (per side) front light-emitting diode (LED) daytime running lights (DRLs) are located within the main headlamp housing, similar to RS6's placement of the LEDs (ten per side), whereas on the S6 these front LEDs (five per side) are found adjacent to the fog lamps in the lower front bumper. The new front and rear fascias from RS6 would be used on the facelifted A6 and S6 lineup. There are now six petrol and four diesel engines available for the upgraded A6. All petrol engines now feature cylinder-direct Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) technology, and all diesel engines now feature common rail (CR) and Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) technologies. There is a new petrol engine, a 3.0L supercharged V6, badged as 3.0 TFSI or 3.0T. This new engine is shared with the B8-generation Audi S4 and S5, although slightly detuned vs. the S-cars, and makes the A6 3.0T only 0.1s slower 0-60 than the more powerful but heavier 4.2L V8 variant and 5.2L V10-bearing S6. Also updated for 2009 is the Quattro all-wheel-drive setup, which is already found on the 2008 Audi A5 and 2008 Audi A4.
|
|
GAZon Next flatbed truck, produced since 2014 In 2009, Bo Andersson, former Vice-President of General Motors, was appointed President/CEO of GAZ Group. That was a turning point in the company's development after the crisis period of 2008. Under the leadership of the foreign management the company renewed its model range, established cooperation with the leading international manufacturers and achieved the best financial results in the company's history. In 2010, GAZ upgraded its model range by launching new GAZelle-BUSINESS lineup with diesel and petrol engines and LPG equipment. In 2012 GAZ is starting preproduction of the new-generation light commercial vehicle GAZelle-Next. The new GAZ model will be launched into mass production in 2013. In November 2010 the company decided to end production of the Volga Siber, its last GAZ passenger car model, and to discontinue the GAZ Volga range. In December 2010, GAZ Group signed a memorandum of understanding with Daimler on contract manufacturing of Mercedes-Benz Sprinter at GAZ plant in Nizhny Novgorod. It is expected that production will start in 2013. In June 2012 GAZ Group and Daimler announced start of implementation of Mercedes-Benz Sprinter contract manufacturing project at GAZ plant, and plans to organize contract manufacturing of Mercedes engines at Yaroslavl Motor Plant of GAZ Group.
|
|
The range was completed by two tractor units: the TT (hauling capacity of up to 15 tonnes), using the four upper range engines; and the SY (hauling capacity of up to 6 tonnes), using the engine mounted on the SX-SZ. About 1931–1932, Renault unveiled a new 3.8 inline-four diesel engine called the C-90, to be used in future vehicles. It also introduced short-lived 6×4 petrol-engined trucks with articulated suspension: the UC (7-tonne payload or tractor unit up to 15 tonnes) and the UR (4-tonne payload). VT chassis for 1933 without bodywork For the 1933 models, there were some changes compared to the ones for 1932: a new light vehicle called YP (0.75 tonnes payload), a new KZ chassis more focused on commercial use, the discontinuation of the TS. Renault also introduced vehicles with new diesel and petrol engines: the YF, replacing the SZ, and the YG tractor unit, replacing the SY. For 1934, Renault removed the SX, replacing it with the ZY (ZYAC, inline-four petrol, 2.5 tonnes payload) and started to phase out the PR, exchanging it for most uses with a new 2-tonne chassis, the ZJ, which was subject to less taxes and restrictions.
|
|