133 Sentences With "pestles" | Random Sentence Generator

Notley pestles grammatical conventions into dust, refusing common notions of order.

The sculpture shows naked, pregnant women stacked on top of one another, and other women being beaten in the abdomen with pestles.

In addition to uncovering leftovers of an ancient campfire and archaic mortars and pestles, they also found flaked stone tools and painting material.

Mortar and pestles aren't just for medieval medicine and witchy stuff; they're the dynamic duo that will give your curry paste its velvety, finely ground texture.

"Certainly, finding charred remains of flour products is the much-needed demonstration of what the large quantity of mortars, pestles, and moulders were already showing us," Restelli told Gizmodo.

But the show is dominated by outsize examples from Mr. Ruby's Basin Theology series, which on first encounter resemble giant high-sided ashtrays, filled with the detritus, seemingly, of heavy smokers: pipe-like tubes protrude from most of them like cigarettes (or pestles to the basins/mortars or when vertical, like chimneys).

Physical activities here include the slow defacing of a large poster of a glamorous African woman; angry, harsh, return-to-basic-work rhythms with pots and pestles; gentle physical care of one woman by another, as if by a nurse with a victim; and solo movement in which Ms. Munyaneza's body flinches, arches, reels, hinges — sent off vertical balance by unseen forces.

They would cook onions and chiles, sweet peppers and sometimes corn on the same grill until the vegetables were nicely charred, and serve them along with the meat on the warm tortillas, with grated Cheddar and crumbled queso fresco, fresh tomato salsa and homemade guacamole that they mashed in the molcajetes — mortar and pestles made from volcanic rock — that we routinely brought back from Mexico when we went across the border to shop.

Ang Sila is a leading producer of granite mortars and pestles, essential in the preparation of Thai cuisine.

These pestles, or surikogi, were (and continue to be) used to crush and grind sesame seeds, spices, or other dry ingredients. The samurai craftsmen sold these pestles to merchants, just as samurai across Japan did with specific items made of locally available materials, in order to supplement the meagre stipend they received from their daimyō.

Excavations at Aguateca uncovered a number of scribal artefacts from the residences of elite status scribes, including palettes and mortars and pestles.

Pestles and mortars found in Shulaveri-Shomu sites and Late Neolithic layers of Tell Sabi Abyad in Syria are also similar to each other.

Likewise, more recent research indicates that cams were used in water-driven trip hammers by the latter half of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 8 AD) as recorded in the Huan Zi Xin Lun. Complex pestles were also mentioned in later records such as the Jin Zhu Gong Zan and the Tian Gong Kai Wu, amongst many other records of water-driven pestles.

He found on Lenape Island a great number of implements used by the local Native Americans, such as arrowheads, knives, fletchers, pestles, and pieces of pottery.

Case 30 contains pottery sherds, small copper daggers and parts of an ivory helmet. In case 31 is a miniature ring prochous as well as a set of pestles.

Traditionally, people put cooked glutinous rice into a wooden or stone mortar and use large wooden pestles to pound. People use wooden or stone materials because glutinous rice will not stick to them. Usually, two people take turns to use large wooden pestles to pound rice in the mortar for around 30 minutes, and they add some water in mortar occasionally. People will then shape glutinous rice by hand and cook it.

The tende (in northern areas, tindi) is a drum made out of a mortar, and the music associated with it, among the Tuareg people. It is constructed using a mortar (the kind typically used to crush grain) with a drumhead made from goatskin stretched over it, with tension applied to the drumhead by way of two long wooden pestles (ca. 1.25 meters long). On either end the skin is rolled around the two pestles, and then stretched over the mortar and fastened with a rope.

Their toolkit was characterized by a blade and bladelet-based lithic industry, earthenware pots, stone bowls and pestles, and occasional grindstones. The Savanna Pastoral Neolithic peoples sometimes hunted medium and large game on the plains, and during the culture's lowland phase, they likewise fished in Lake Turkana. Sonia Mary Cole (1954) indicates that certain pestles and grindstones that she excavated from ochreous levels were stained with ochre, while others from the carbonized layers were not. She consequently suggests that the latter were instead used for grinding grain.

2 specimens were classification as "pestles".Aikens 1970, p. 71 Made of gabbro and gneiss, they were long and tapered from broad battered ends to narrow rounded ends. One of the specimens was square and the other loaf-shaped.

Eleven axes, two pestles, four stones and one linguate object were collected according to Phillipson. The linguate object as well as the stone were the only ones of that type to be found in Eastern Zambia in archaeological context.

These included simple and large storage and cooking vessels, mostly burnished. The stone objects included millstone, mortar and pestles and weights, probably used for fishing nets. Since little was known about this period, Anati has described this culture as an independent culture.

Dr. Robert Bradford Fox in 1960, excavated Balukbuk, Hacienda Dolores in Porac, Pampanga. He found habitation and burial sites. The artifacts found are earthenware sherds, 7 metal implements, 13 metal tools (not considered as grave goods), mortar and pestles, and polished stones.

Because it was some distance from the wheat farmers in the Howick district, some of them made simple mortars and pestles to grind their own flour. Later Mason moved the mill to Princess St. Onehunga in 1854, where there was a natural spring.

Local artists thrive in this municipal rural communities. Works of art produced in the area comprises, carved doors, walking sticks of different designs, sculptures, flutes, wooden mortars and pestles, gongs, and the famous talking drums. Metal works and various types of productions are locally fashioned.

The Middle Archaic group created a wide range of tools, including knives, grinding tools and stones, scraping tools, plummets, and net sinkers. Mortars and pestles were used to grind food, like acorns, hickory nuts, walnuts, seeds, tubers, and rootes. Bannerstone atlatl weight, c. 2000 BC. Archaic peoples; Ohio.

Two are nude workers, kneeling with pestles and mortars. Between them stands a bald man wearing a net skirt. He holds his hands up like the smaller figure on the obverse. The remaining figure sits to the right, and appears nearly identical to the workers except slightly larger.

A small loom illustrates how fabrics were made. Mortars and pestles are exposed on stone tools. A plow from the third century AD, which was found south of the Hellenistic theater, should be mentioned separately. From the 1st century BC, A hand scale was found which was very finely adjustable.

Ancient Tiwanaku. Cambridge University Press, 2008. Along with snuff trays these mummies have been found with inhaling tubes, spatulas, mortars and pestles, and snuff powder containers. In addition, snuff trays have been found in statues or monolith depictions of mythical ancestral elites, different deities and ancestral rulers at Tiwanaku sites.

Paipai traditional material culture included structures (rectangular thatched-roof houses, ramadas, and probably sweathouses), equipment for hunting and warfare (bows, cane arrows, war clubs, nets), processing equipment (pottery, basketry, manos and metates, mortars and pestles, cordage, stone knives, awls), clothing (rabbitskin robes, fiber sandals; buckskin aprons and basketry caps for women), and cradles.

"Qepitles" was a site on the north side of the Kootenay River, just above the junction with the Columbia River. Native implements (arrowheads, pestles, etc.) have been found along the nearby Arrow Lakes. A reconstructed kekuli dwelling was formally located on Zuckerberg Island, at the confluence of the Kootenay and Columbia rivers.

The city wall itself was built with rammed earth, a technique also detailed in Yingzao Fashi, vol. III, "Standards for Moat, Stronghold and Masonry Work": > Foundation: For every square chi, apply two dan of earth; on top of it lay a > mixture of broken brick, tile and crushed stones, also two dan. For every > five-cun layer of earth, two men, standing face to face, should tamp six > times with pestles, each man pounding three times on a dent; then tamp four > times on each dent, two men again standing face to face, each pounding twice > on the same dent; then tamp two more times, each man pounding once. > Following this, tamp the surface with pestles or stamp with feet randomly to > even out the surface.

Duman rice Pinipig is made solely from glutinous rice (malagkit or "sticky" rice). The grains are harvested while still green. They are husked and the chaff is separated from the grain (traditionally using large flat winnowing baskets called bilao). The resulting bright green kernels are then pounded in large wooden mortars and pestles until flat.

Around 2,500 BP (500 BC), there was significant evolution in technology and increasing reliance on fishing. The circular shell fishhooks were increasingly used. Mortars and pestles were manufactured on San Miguel Island for trade with the mainland. A new type of boat, Tomol (frameless, planked canoe) appeared on the islands around 1,500 BP (500 AD).

Manguiana was used to press the paper. Mortars and pestles were made to mince and chop the paper into smaller bits, resulting in a smoother and more uniform sheet. Channels and buckets made of stone were used to move the pulp from one place to another. Special water mills were made to mince the pulp.

Other tools Archaic natives used were grooved axes, conical and cylindrical pestles, bone awls, cannel coal beads, hammerstones, and bannerstones. Hominy holes were used too. Hominy holes were a depression worn in sandstone by a person grinding or pulverizing. They were used by women who ground hickory nuts or seed to make them easier to use for food.

Other San Luis Rey Complex lithic tools include mortars and metates (both bedrock and portable), pestles and manos, flaked edge tools (scrapers and knives), hammers, drills, steatite arrow straighteners, pendants, beads, and quartz crystals. Shell ornaments and bone tools are also present. Red and black geometrical pictographs were painted. Chronologically, two phases of the complex were proposed.

This was a hunt for a big animal as a symbol of the immerse contributions of the deceased. For the A̠gbaat, zwuom (elephant) was usually the tarɡet. Demonstrations involvinɡ stronɡ youths on horsebacks with weiɡhted pestles, were held before the actual huntinɡ expedition. These moved at top speed and attempted breakinɡ a standinɡ wall with the pestle.

About 60% of the chipped stone tools and wastes found in the settlement are obsidian . The closest obsidian source is Nemrut Mountain at a distance of three days (100 km) . In addition, goat and pig-headed pestles carved from stone were found. Stone beads are the finds from the ornaments of the people living in the settlement.

One grave, that of a child, held five matching knives made of stone. The excavation also turned up chalcedony and chert projectile points. Those in the upper layers were made of agate, which is not found in the area. Stone tools were found as well, such as scrapers for use in tanning hides, and mortars and pestles.

The crimson horse is described as having a tail 80 feet long and ears like pestles. It can run at a full gallop for two months straight and swim across a sea for 25 days. Moligen Tabuga's scarlet horse is described as being as large as forty- nine seas. Sanale's red horse has ears like iron bars.

Summer camps were often located near springs or creeks.Elston, 143 They shared certain traits which included making stone tools from basalt, using pestles and mortars, and hunting with atlatls and spears. Martis engaged in a hunter-gatherer economic system. Martis people processed seeds and hunted big game, such as bighorn sheep, pronghorn antelope, deer, bison, and elk.

Juutila Foundry casts products out of bronze and brass. The foundry can make single pieces up to 500 kg (about 1100 lb). The different kinds of bells and mortars and pestles were one of the main products in the early history of the foundry. The products of Juutila were originally sold as far as in Vyborg and Sortavala in Karelia.

Breast flattening or breast ironing is a procedure involving pushing or massaging hot objects such as stones or hammers into a girl's breasts to prevent them from growing. Other tools used include wooden pestles, spatulas, brooms, belts and leaves.Rebecca Tapscott (14 May 2012)."Understanding Breast "Ironing": A Study of the Methods, Motivations, and Outcomes of Breast Flattening Practices in Cameroon" (PDF).

This female attire goes with a head-tie ear rings and necklaces or traditional necklaces. Arts and Craft: traditional artist thrive in this municipal rural communities. Works of art produced in the area comprises, carved doors, walking sticks of different designs, sculptures, flutes, wooden mortars and pestles, gongs, and the famous talking drums. Metal works and various types of productions are locally fashioned.

Artifacts such as mortars and pestles can be seen in the interior exhibit. Interior parts of the 5,400 sq. ft. museum contains locally retrieved artifacts such as tools used for grinding acorns, murals, instruments, and games. It also features a reconstructed tomol (Chumash canoe), mockups of cougars and other wildlife, as well as a diorama depicting life before the Spanish arrived.

This period in North American archaeology is also referred to as the Piedmont period. The area that this tradition covered went from New England to North Carolina. The projectile points that are found in this tradition separate it form the Lake Forest tradition. Many of the tools that are found in this area are also lean more towards that of pestles and grinders.

They had some kind of furniture and everyday, clay-made "apparatuses" of the day. They included the five-legged tables, small vessels for keeping the grains, pithoi and large mortars and pestles. In some of the houses the light wooden shelves, which fell off the walls, were discovered. The houses had furnaces and fireplaces, which were the central points of the household life.

Ortoiroid artifacts include bone spearpoints, perforated animal teeth worn as jewelry, and stone tools, such as manos and metates, net sinkers, pestles, choppers, hammerstones, and pebbles used for grinding. Ortoiroid people lived in caves and in the open. They buried their dead in soil beneath shell middens. Red ochre was found at some sites and may have been used for body paint.

A doctor moved next door to a confectioner, who had produced sweets for sale in his kitchen for many years. The doctor constructed a small shed for the purpose of private practice. He built the shed on the boundary. However, the loud noises from the confectioner's industrial mortars and pestles could be clearly heard, disrupting his use and enjoyment of his land.

The twins grow an enormous flower at the front of the restaurant and tie Shampoo from its pestles. Ranma climbs the flower and attacks the twins with a reluctant Poduduan, which turns out to be a single-use weapon. Link melts Zhandudao with her medicinal herbs. Shampoo wakes up and starts manipulating the twins to continue their plan as a ruse to lure Ranma.

This context is assumed to have been ritual in some way. Most of the grinders are merely hand-sized. Throughout Nok sites, there is an abundance of grinding slabs but there seems to be a low number of hand stones. It is possible that members of the Nok Culture used these grinders until they reached a certain state of wear, and then repurposed them as pestles.

The property remained in the Jones family until 1938, when it was acquired by the Pestles. Ray Pestle served as principal of the local high school, and raised dairy cattle on the property until 1966, when regular agricultural use of the property ended. The farm complex is a well-preserved example of a disconnected farmstead, and the barn is one of the oldest in the region.

They were South Cushitic speaking pastoralists, who tended to bury their dead in cairns whilst their toolkit was characterized by stone bowls, pestles, grindstones and earthenware pots. Through archaeology, historical linguistics and archaeogenetics, they conventionally have been identified with the area's first Afroasiatic-speaking settlers. Archaeological dating of livestock bones and burial cairns has also established the cultural complex as the earliest center of pastoralism and stone construction in the region.

Cassia sieberiana is used to make tools, pestles, mortars, and also used for construction because it is a very hard wood that is resistant to termites. In addition, it is also an ornamental tree because of its brightly colored flowers. Some cultures also incorporate the plant in their religion and for superstitious and magical purposes. Parts of the plant have also been used traditionally as teeth cleaning twigs.

Joseph A. Smith, "Clearing up Some Confusion in Callias' Alphabet Tragedy," Classical Philology, Vol. 98, No. 4. October 2003 pp. 313-329. The titles of his other known plays are: Aigyptios (The Egyptian), Atalante, Batrakhoi (Frogs), Kyklopes (The Cyclopes), Pedetai (Men In Shackles), Scholazontes (Men At Leisure), and a fragmentary title ...era Sidera, which has been reconstructed as either Hypera Sidera (Iron Pestles) or Entera Sidera (Iron Guts).

Archaeologists continue to find many artifacts today. On the surface of the ancient city, there found stone layouts that had a rectangular shape. Later, the remains of grain grinders and stone pestles collected. Most of the village washed away by the river, but the remaining land was paved with several stone half- earthen houses and one house, which measured 16 by 18 m, and had a depth of 1 m.

The Native American life was one of traditional hunting and gathering. There was plentiful game and fowl available, and fish could be caught in the San Francisco Bay. There were also grasses, plants and oak trees (for acorns), and archaeological finds of mortars and pestles indicate that these source were processed for food. No doubt they also participated in the regional trading networks for goods that could not be gathered or grown locally.

The plaque’s obverse shows a similarly hierarchical scene. The leftmost figure is another bearded, skirted man. He holds a long object with both hands. This object has been interpreted as a pestle or a land-sale cone; when compared to the workers elsewhere on the Monuments who are working with pestles, the former identification seems unlikely.Thomas, R.E. “On the Blau Monuments” This is generally considered as another depiction of the "Priest-King".

In the mountainous regions of the central Dominican Republic, where it is known as "palo de cruz" (or wood of the cross), it is used for axe handles and pestles, because of the durable quality of the wood. Its leaves are used for medicinal teas. As part of the religious beliefs of the area, small pieces are placed above the door frame on the inside of houses as a way of warding off evil spirits.

Villagers cooked small animals by boiling them in baskets, while larger animals were cooked in rock roasting ovens primarily composed of large basalt rocks. Along with oven rocks, other rocks included broken fragments of mortar and pestles and banded stones used for weights. Banded rocks are generally used for outdoor support such as tying down canoes. On Nightfire Island, banded rocks may have been used for indoor weights since they were found inside the houses and in roasting pits.

As a small tree, the timber of Drypetes gerrardii is not traded but is used locally for poles, tool handles, furniture, utensils and pestles. It is also used as firewood and for making charcoal. The flowers are nectar-rich and attract honeybees and the fruit is edible. The tree has limited use in traditional medicine, a decoction prepared from the roots being used for abdominal pain and powdered leaves and roots being used to treat gonorrhea.

Mortar and pestles are mounted at each corner of the facade. Brisbane Associated Friendly Societies (BAFS) Building, Turbot Street facade, 2015 The Turbot Street elevation is more simple but also has a high degree of symmetry. The corners of the parapet are stepped and scalloped and there is a central semi-circular cut-out in the centre of the parapet. There are three horizontal bands of five windows, at street level they are high level narrow horizontal windows.

Custody of east Mikawa was assigned to Ikeda Terumasa, who took up residence in Yoshida Castle. As Mikawa province was then surrounded by lands under the control of Hideyoshi or his vassals, many of the castles in the region became redundant. Nirengi Castle was thereafter abandoned. During the Edo period, lower class and impoverished samurai in the area used the wood of the elm trees around the castle site to craft wooden pestles, a traditional kitchen utensil in Japan.

Masters' first patent was awarded for a new method of the curing and preparation of cornmeal used a stamping process instead of grinding. The machine consisted of a long wooden cylinder with projections on each side which caused a series of heavy pestles to drop onto mortars filled with corn kernels. This invention was powered by horses or water wheels. It produced a product Masters named, "Tuscarora Rice" which was falsely advertised and sold as a cure for tuberculosis.

Making #Polished grains are left to soak overnight, then drained. #The grains are placed in a large mortar and multiple people sing while pounding the grain with large pestles ('). #The resulting flour is kneaded with hot water and formed into round flat dumplings approximately 7 or 8 centimeters in diameter and 1 centimeter thick. #The dumplings are boiled in a large pot, taking care not to allow them to burn on the bottom of the pot.

This was a village ruin from the middle Yayoi period, with a large scale workshop for making jadeite balls, which were used as pestles for grinding. The number of jadeite balls excavated is one of the largest in Japan. In addition, numerous stone knives and copper products that are rare in this area have also been discovered. Kamabuta ruins was also a large village from the end of the Yayoi period to the beginning of the Kofun period.

This led to the idiom "meals of cereal, hulls, and vegetables for half a year," indicating poverty and food insecurity. Winnowing, used to separate the rice from hulls, is to put the whole rice into a pan and throw it into the air while the wind blows. The light hulls are blown away while the heavy rice fall back into the pan. Later pestles and a simple machine called a rice pounder were developed to remove hulls.

Blenders, grinders, mortars and pestles, matates, and even chewing are used to reduce unprocessed food to a meal, powder, or when significant water is present in the original food, directly into a paste. If required, water, oil and other liquids are added to dry ingredients to make the paste. Often the resultant paste is fermented or cooked to increase its longevity. Often pastes are steamed, baked or enclosed in pastry or bread dough to make them ready for consumption.

Two periods of inhabitation were found, the first period between 12000-10200 cal. BC was Natufian or perhaps preceramic neolithic where a skeleton was found covered with red ochre. Tools with agricultural purpose included mortars, grinders and stoneware basalt pestles. Other brown flint lithics recovered include a triangle, blades, scrapers and picks, tools suggested pre-natufian occupation. A late neolithic period was also detected at around 5000-4500 cal BC (Ubaid period) similar to late neolithic Byblos.

Daojali Hading is an important Neolithic site in Dima Hasao District of Assam, India on a low hillock about 1000 feet above sea level, near Brahmaputra valley close to routes leading into China and Myanmar. Extensive digging at the site has yielded polished stone tools, ceramics and kitchen items such as grinders, pestles and mortars. Jadeite stone was also found that must have been transported from China. A large number of pots have also been found.

Traditional Chadian instruments include the hu hu (string instrument with calabash loudspeakers), kakaki (a tin horn), maracas, lute, kinde (a bow harp) and various kinds of horns. Other instruments include the flute and drums music of the Kanembu and the balaphone, whistle, harp and kodjo drums of the Sara people, while the Baguirmians are known for drum and zither music, as well as a folk dance in which a mock battle is conducted between dancers wielding large pestles.

The composition is organised as an oval with the middle figures in the nearest plane, thus drawing in the viewer. The realism is nearly photographic and shows everyday plates, cutlery, pans, pestles, jugs and mortars, capturing the special shine on a glass surface and the light's play on the melon carried by the boy. The boiling pan is particularly well- captured, with its reflections and the whites of the eggs. Velázquez also worked particularly hard on the detail of the two figure's hands.

Many stone axes, pestles, arrowheads, spears, bone implements and pipes have been excavated at this village. A large pine was cut from this location that measured nearly across the butt, and produced of lumber. The Indians referred to sulfur and iron springs near Van Hornesville as "Otsquage" which translates to "healing waters", as they attributed them to having great healing and medicinal qualities. John Concuponk was an Oneida Indian who lived in his wigwam along the creek by Starkville with his wife Canadalacadoa.

Many of these had been painted with black, white, gray-blue, and brownish-red pigments. Unique to archaeology as these things were, Cushing was distressed to feel that even by merely exposing and inspecting them, the expedition was dooming so many of them to destruction, rather than preserving them as permanent examples of primitive art. There were a few groups of utensils, like mortar cups and pestles, and sets of tools; and there were also some bundles or packs of ceremonial objects.

Grinding stones, pestles and axes of the East African Pastoral Neolithic At Elmenteitan sites, lithic assemblages are distinguished by a high percentage of long symmetrical two-edged obsidian blades which were used unmodified and also served as blanks for a great variety of smaller microlithic tools. Typical Elmenteitan artifact assemblages also include ceramic bowls and shallow stone vessels. Ceramic vessels are mainly undecorated. Several rare, but very distinctive ornamental designs such as irregular punctuation and rim millings have also been found.

Archeological Site 4 SLO 834, also known as CA-SLO-834, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Atascadero, California. The site, which is on the west bank of the Salinas River, was discovered by Charles Dills in 1977. Archaeologist Robert Gibson conducted excavations at the site in 1978 and found hammerstones, hand axes, a hearth, pestles, projectile points, scrapers, and stone debris. As a result of this excavation, Gibson determined that the site had been inhabited between 1,500 and 2,000 years prior.

Sears points out that the lime produced by burning shells on Mound A during Period II could be used to process dried maize into masa, and that pestles found in middens could be used to produce mush.Sears:6, 173 Fontaneda stated that the Mayaimi ate bread made from roots, and does not mention maize, but Sears wondered whether Fontaneda may have failed to recognize maize.Sears:201 The claim that maize was cultivated at Fort Center by 450 BCE has been controversial.

The stalks were bound into sheaves, and stacked in ricks for the rice to cure. The stalks were cut away, and the cured rice boiled in vats, dried, and threshed to separate the kernels from the chaff. The kernels then were pounded using wooden mortar and pestles to loosen the hulls, the hard outer coating of each grain. The pounded kernels then were carried in tightly-woven baskets up a ladder into the winnowing barn, a small building atop tall stilts.

Village of Caroline Islanders near Agana, Guam, Mariana Islands, 1899-1900 In the past, voyages of across open ocean were commonplace, and a "brisk trade" was carried on with the Mariana Islands to the north. Trade items included shells, tapa cloth, wooden vessels, cordage, iron, copper, nails and knives. Rai stones were brought from Palau to Yap. Physical evidence of contact with the Chamorro people of Guam in the far southern Mariana Islands includes pestles, fish hooks, and shell rings from the Caroline Islands.

The broch was first excavated in the 19th century by the Duke of Sutherland, and was initially thought to be a burial cairn. Finds included pottery, flint chips, stone hammers, mortars and pestles, querns, whorls, shale rings, long-handled bone combs, a whale bone club, a silver fibula, steatite cups and an iron blade. In 1909 the entrance passage was still visible on the east side of the broch, but by 1960 no structural features were discernible. The site was excavated again in 1986.

Other forms of identifiable chipped-stone tools recovered at Ellerbusch include knives, drills, scrapers, one shredder (a tool similar to a scraper, but used for tearing instead of scraping), and numerous flakes with signs of having once been parts of hoes. Ground stone artifacts were observed of types such as pestles, nutting stones, and hammerstones, as well as miscellaneous objects such as pieces of two Woodland gorgets, a single copper bead, and a small pipe of a form frequently found at Angel and similar Mississippian sites.

The early European settlers found the remains of an Indian village there. Arhaeologic evidence of earthenware, soapstone ware, pestles, hatchets, ornaments, and charms were found on the land that is across the river from Lycoming Creek and nearby where the Sheshequin Path crossed the river. The land on which Duboistown is located was first surveyed in 1769. At the time it was known as "Walnut Bottom" for the vast stands of black walnut that covered the alluvial plain on which the borough now stands.

The early European settlers found the remains of an Indian village there. Arhaeologic evidence of earthenware, soapstone ware, pestles, hatchets, ornaments and charms were found on the land that is across the river from Lycoming Creek and near where the Sheshequin Path crossed the river. The land on which Duboistown is located was first surveyed in 1769. At the time it was known as "Walnut Bottom" for the vast stands of black walnut that covered the alluvial plain on which the borough now stands.

The Gardiner Pond Shell Midden (also known as RI-101W) is a prehistoric archaeological site in Middletown, Rhode Island, named after George Gardiner who was an early settler in the area. The site includes a large shell midden, in which archaeological finds have been made dating the area's human habitation to the Middle and Late Woodland Period. Finds at the site include agricultural tools such as hoes, planting tools, and stone mortars and pestles. The midden is on the grounds of the Norman Bird Sanctuary.

The ability to make and use tools was once considered a defining characteristic of the genus Homo. However, the discovery of tool construction among chimpanzees and related primates has discarded the notion of the use of technology as unique to humans. For example, researchers have observed wild chimpanzees using tools for foraging: some of the tools used include leaf sponges, termite fishing probes, pestles and levers. West African chimpanzees also use stone hammers and anvils for cracking nuts, as do capuchin monkeys of Boa Vista, Brazil.

Due to its popularity and high value among bonsai enthusiasts, it is among the list of species classified as 'threatened' by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines. The collection, selling, and transport of wild Pemphis acidula is illegal in the Philippines and punishable by fines and imprisonment of up to six years. In Marovo Island, Tonga, Tahiti, and other South Pacific islands, it is used to make wooden tools such as pestles, tool handles, weapons, and combs.Pawley, Andrew; Osmond, Meredith (eds). 2008.

Another of the pits filled with animal bones and the remains of broken dishes that were garbage. Along the Northern wall there was a large stone walls with a length of 15 m and a width of 1.6 m. On the territory of the settlement found stone pestles, pieces of copper ore, bone arrowheads leaf-shaped, veneers, tubes, bone punctures, polished stones with grooves for tying the rope. To catch animals, they used a bolas (a rope weighted with stones) that tied the animal's legs.

Paléorient 3, 1975-1976-1977, p. 5-46. Jacques Besançon & Francis Hours later discovered a Palaeolithic layer below the Neolithic level, recovering knives, arrowheads, scrapers and retouched blades along with a fragment of a small, flat, cutting axe. Saaidé II, almost in size, was first excavated in 1969 by Bruce Schroeder from the University of Toronto who found the site badly damaged by modern agriculture. Investigations have recovered a wide range of mortars and pestles, scrapers, chisels, borers, retouched microliths, geometric and non- geometric microliths.

Ngajayak main ritual is the presenting of rice from villagers to community leader to be stored in main barn, the rest is stored in secondary barns. Some of the rice is later rhythmically pounded together by women using wooden mortars and pestles. Some of blessed rice seed is placed in pavilion called Pwah Aci Sanghyang Asri (Pohaci Sanghyang Asri), and this rice seed is sought and fought by villagers as it is also believed to bring good fortune. In Cigugur, Kuningan, Seren Taun is started on 18 Rayagung.

Ghali taught herself to play on her brother's guitar. While women did perform music among her people, they didn't play guitar; rather, they played a style of music called tende, centered on a drum made with mortar and pestles, a style that influenced Tuareg guitar playing but isn't generally part of the music played by Tuareg men. Les Filles de Illighadad incorporate tende with guitar playing, "asserting the power of women to innovate using the roots of traditional Tuareg music". Ghali usually plays with her cousin, Alamnou Akrouni.

Due to archeological finds along Arcade Creek, it has been classified as one of the most important archeological sites in the United States. The erosion of several sediment layers revealed an artifact-bearing layer of dirt nine feet under the top soil layer in one area. This layer yielded 75 artifacts. Researchers link these artifact to the Early Horizon People, such as seed gatherers, dating to around 6000 to 3000 BC. The artifacts included flakes and cores of hand stones, cobble-choppers, hammerstones, arrow heads, mortar and pestles.

In the words of historian Alex Keller, his machines "look like armchair inventions which seldom ever had any three- dimensional working counterparts". Branca's so-called steam engine appears as the 25th plate in Le Machine. It comprises a wheel with flat vanes like a paddlewheel, shown being rotated by steam produced in a closed vessel and directed at the vanes through a pipe (and hence would be more appropriately called a steam turbine). Branca suggested that it might be used for powering pestles and mortars, grinding machines, raising water, and sawing wood.

Rokitta-Krumnow 2011, 2012. Bone flute Other small finds include weapons, such as sling stones and bolas, as well as utensils for preparing food, such as grinding stones, mortars and pestles, all of which are especially well represented. Similarly, artefacts that were most likely implemented in textile and leather processing, like sewing needles, awls and scrapers, appeared frequently. Initially, these artefacts were probably produced when needed in the individual homes; mass finds of semi- finished products (for example, sewing needles made from animal bones) appear in younger settlement phases, signalling a specialisation in crafts.

The Tagalog people were also craftsmen. The katolanan, specifically, of each barangay is tasked as the holder of arts and culture, and usually trains craftfolks if ever no craftfolks are living in the barangay. If the barangay has a craftsfolk, the present crafts-folks would teach their crafts to gifted students. Notable crafts made by ancient Tagalogs are boats, fans, agricultural materials, livestock instruments, spears, arrows, shields, accessories, jewelries, clothing, houses, paddles, fish gears, mortar and pestles, food utensils, musical instruments, bamboo and metal wears for inscribing messages, clay wears, toys, and many others.

The paper mulberry was introduced from the tropical Pacific by Māori, who knew it as , but it failed to flourish in New Zealand's cooler climate, and bark cloth () was rare. Cloaks woven from strips of dog-skin rather than plant fibres () were rare and highly prized. Raw flax leaves were split and woven into mats, ropes and nets, but the basis of most clothing was prepared flax fibre (). This was stripped from the leaves using a mussel shell, softened by soaking and pounding with stone pestles (), and spun by rolling the thread against the leg.

Objects of stone, shell and pottery were also found in the pond.Brown:27Widmer 1988:49 A great variety of artifacts were found in the pond, including bowls, mortars and pestles, spears, atlatls, cords, ropes, nets, net floats, fishhooks, carved clubs, wooden tablets and plaques, wood ear spools, realistically carved animal heads, carved and painted masks, and a carved wooden feline/human figure (the so-called "Key Marco cat"). Many of the wooden objects, besides the masks, had been painted. The colors were still vivid when the objects were first removed from the muck.

Foreign visitors to some Latin American countries have demonstrated an interest in commercial and cultural uses of the stimulant properties of the coca plant, which are less harmful than cocaine which is highly and unnaturally refined. A few websites depict a mild modern preparation of the powdery ypadu mixture using plastic jars and coffee grinders or food processors rather than the traditional implements such as clay vessels and mortar-and-pestles fashioned from wood. Peruvian coca of the species Erythroxylum coca has reportedly been used in this adaptation to produce effective mixtures with pleasant taste.

As gatherers, these occupants also would have consumed fruits and berries, although these plant foods may have been scarce or unavailable during the seasons of cave occupancy. Generally speaking, hunter-gathers relied more heavily on plant foods than they did animals. Indirect evidence of gathering includes pits for storage of nuts and seeds, mortars and pestles for breaking up shells and grinding nuts, and nut stones. Goosefoot, also referred to as Chenopodium, is a small flowering plant with edible seeds that may have been cultivated in small gardens.

The 1939 excavations included trenches paralleling the Green River, which contained over 1000 burials, and evidence of ancient dwellings with clay flooring, six hearths, and what Webb noted as kitchen fireside tools, or artifacts such as hammerstones, grooved axes, pitted stones, mortars and pestles. There were also some 67,000 artifacts uncovered at Indian Knoll, some of which were carbon dated, and thought to be an average of about 5,300 years old. These dwellings are considered to be permanent occupations. The hearths were probably used for heating during the winter as well as cooking.

Archeological evidence of settlements have been found throughout Esselen territory. Artifacts found at a site in the Tassajara area (archaeological site CA-MNT-44) included bone awls, antler flakers, projectile points including desert side-notched points, and scrapers. Excavation at a second site at the mouth of the Carmel River (archaeological site CA-MNT-63) found more projectile points, a variety of cores and modified flakes, bone awls, a bone tube, a bone gaming piece, and mortars and pestles. Many sites show aesthetic illustrations of numerous pictographs in black, white, and red.

These devices were then called "mills" but are now known as steam jacks. Another similar rudimentary steam turbine is shown by Giovanni Branca, an Italian engineer, in 1629 for turning a cylindrical escapement device that alternately lifted and let fall a pair of pestles working in mortars. The steam flow of these early steam turbines, however, was not concentrated and most of its energy was dissipated in all directions. This would have led to a great waste of energy and so they were never seriously considered for industrial use.

A stump of Douglas fir, over six feet in diameter, stood on a shell heap eight feet below the surface which contained human remains. The tree indicated the top layers of the shell heap were more than 500 years old. The material brought back included carved and sculptured pipes, stone mortars, pestles, and sinkers, bone implements used on spears, deer antlers used as handles, stone adzes differing from those found anywhere else, bone needles, shell ornaments, and the like. In addition, many paintings and sculptures on rock walls were photographed.

This is seen in an account of the Shu Zhai Lao Xue Cong Tan (Collected Talks of the Learned Old Man of the Shu Studio), written by Sheng Ruozi.Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 560. It read: > In the collection of the private works of the 'Placid Retired Scholar' (Zhan > Ran Ju Shi), there are ten poems on Hechong Fu. One of these describes the > scenery of that place […] and says that 'the stored wheat is milled by the > rushing wind and the rice is pounded fresh by hanging pestles.

Milling, grinding, or crushing can take various forms, depending on the quantity of apples to be crushed and the mode of power available. The earliest and most basic form of cider mill consists of little more than an enclosed area where apples are pounded by large wooden pestles. In England, Jersey, and northern France, the traditional form was a "horse-mill" or "stone mill". A horse-mill consists of a circular trough made of stone, in which is set either one or two large stone wheels called "runners".

Frequently the pestles are kept in place; they can serve to tighten the skin and thus tune the instrument. The skin needs to be moistened periodically; sometimes water is simply applied during the performance, but another method is to keep water in the mortar and moisten the skin from the inside by tilting the instrument. Imzad music is held in higher esteem, but tende is played more frequently--during camel festivals, ceremonies, and certain types of dance. Its music is for ordinary people and requires no great skill or specialization to master, and is highly communal, involving singing, dancing, and clapping.

BBC website At the summit of Conwy Mountain are the Neolithic Hut Circles and the Iron Age hillfort of Castell Caer Seion (sometimes called Castell Caer Lleion). Castell Caer Seion comprised a stone walled fort, and remains show this to have been an extensive site, incorporated more than 50 hut circles and levelled platform houses, and with a citadel and outposts. Limited excavations were undertaken in 1951. No datable remains were found, only slingstones, querns and stone pestles and mortars, which suggests that, unlike many hillforts in north Wales, this site was not reoccupied in the late Roman period.

The Castro Indian Mound showed evidence of cremation and it's thought these cremations were only held for the social elite. The archeologists found a wide variety of items in the mound, including many oyster shells, fishing spears, pestles, jewelry, arrowheads, and among others. Radio carbon dating puts the origin of the Castro Mound around 1460 ± 100 B.C. In 1947, the mound was leveled and demolished to sell it as topsoil for gardening. In 1989, Stanford University surrendered the collected artifacts and remains from the Castro Shell Mound to their descendants, this includes the remains of 550 Ohlone people.

The Use of Tradeware Ceramics and Radiocarbon Dating in Identifying the Age of Porac, Pampanga, Philippines, by Rhayan G. Melendres Only teeth enamel, arm bones and votive elements like bracelets and tradeware were present in the matrix, implying that the site of excavation was a burial site. There was absence of skeletal remains due to the acid content of the matrix, resulting to a complicated grave identification. Besides the artifacts mentioned above, mortars, spindle whorls, pestles and polished pumice stones were unearthed. In addition, Chinese beads from a bracelet, associated with a bangle and a brown stoneware jarlet, were also obtained.

If a grave happened to be dug intruding another, the original body may have become dismembered, but normally the bones would have been piled up and reburied. Occasionally pieces, such as skulls or limbs, were not recovered, which Robert Mensforth considered evidence for warfare and trophy taking. Grave goods were found within 187 burials, though shell beads, used for personal adornments or sewed on garments, were not counted as a deliberate grave goods in one study.[23] The artifacts commonly associated with graves include pestles, hammerstones, grooved axes, projectile points with a few cases of copper and stone vessels.

More than 5000 stone objects of different kinds were found here, which testify to a regular mass production: besides plates and blocks of marble blanks, plates, pots, marquetry, mortars, pestles, relief plates and statuettes were produced here for everyday use as well as for export. Some of the ground shells had walls of only 2 millimeters in thickness.Friedrich Rakob – Theodor Kraus: Chemtou, Du. The Kunstzeitschrift 3, 1979, p55. The complex was built in the penultimate third of the 2nd century AD, and was not built until the turn of the century with its own water supply system inside.

Arvoitukset: Finnish Riddles, ed. by Leea Virtanen, Annikki Kaivola-Bregenhøj and Aarre Nyman, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Toimituksia, 329 ([Helsinki]: Suomen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1977), pp. 77-89 (at 86-89). Examples of sexual riddles include 'kaks partasuuta miestä vetelee yhteistä sikaaria' ('two bearded men smoking a cigar together'), to which the answer is 'naiminen' ('fucking') and 'kaksi tikkaa takoo yhden ämmän persieen' ('two woodpeckers jab one woman's cunt'), to which the answer is 'huhmar ja kaksi puista petkeltä' ('mortar and two wooden pestles').Arvoitukset: Finnish Riddles, ed. by Leea Virtanen, Annikki Kaivola- Bregenhøj and Aarre Nyman, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Toimituksia, 329 ([Helsinki]: Suomen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1977), p. 125 (nos. 248, 253).

These trip-hammers were used for the pounding and hulling of grain. Grain-pounders with pestles, as well as ordinary watermills, are also attested as late as the middle of the fifth century in a monastery founded by Romanus of Condat in the remote Jura region, indicating that the knowledge of trip hammers continued into the early Middle Ages. Apart from agricultural processing, archaeological evidence also strongly suggests the existence of trip hammers in Roman metal working. In Ickham in Kent, a large metal hammer-head with mechanical deformations was excavated in an area where several Roman water-mills and metal waste dumps have also been traced.

Ore stamp mill in Georg Agricola's De re metallica (1556) The main components for water-powered stamp mills – water wheels, cams, and hammers – were known in the Hellenistic era in the Eastern Mediterranean region.Wilson, p.22. Ancient cams are in evidence in early water-powered automata from the third century BC. A passage in the Natural History of the Roman scholar Pliny (NH 18.23) indicates that water-driven pestles had become fairly widespread in Italy by the first century AD: "The greater part of Italy uses an unshod pestle and also wheels which water turns as it flows past, and a trip-hammer [mola]".Wilson, p.16.

The history of Pilar do Sul city began in 1850, when drovers, hunters and miners passed through the region to search precious metals. The place name may derive from the fact that many families from the state of Minas Gerais came to the locality to acquire stones that they used to make pestles to tenderize meat. In Portuguese the word "Pilar" means “to pestle.” The local stone was also used for tanning leather of hunted animals. Another possible source of the city’s name may stem from the religiosity of those Minas Gerais’ families, who had great devotion to Our Lady of Pilar, a Spanish Saint.

The Huntington Beach Historical Society attempted to obtain the Native Californian basketry collection of Mary Juanita Newland, lent to the Bowers Museum in Santa Ana, California, in 1935. A variety of prehistoric stone artifacts, such as mortars and pestles, were unearthed in 1898 during construction of the house, built on the site of a Native American settlement. A majority of those artifacts reportedly also are in the Bowers Museum collection. The dispute was not resolved and the Mary Juanita Newland collection, as well as artifacts unearthed at the Newland Rancho in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, remain in the collection of the Bowers Museum.

The Savanna Pastoral Neolithic or SPN (formerly known as the Stone Bowl Culture) is a collection of ancient societies that appeared in the Rift Valley of East Africa and surrounding areas during a time period known as the Pastoral Neolithic. They were South Cushitic speaking pastoralists, who tended to bury their dead in cairns whilst their toolkit was characterized by stone bowls, pestles, grindstones and earthenware pots. Through archaeology, historical linguistics and archaeogenetics, they conventionally have been identified with the area's first Afroasiatic-speaking settlers. Archaeological dating of livestock bones and burial cairns has also established the cultural complex as the earliest center of pastoralism and stone construction in the region.

Nigeria "Sitting on a man" is a method employed by Igbo women of publicly shaming a man by convening upon his hut or workplace; women may dance, sing songs detailing grievances with his behavior, beat on the walls of his home with yam pestles, or, occasionally, tear the roof from his home. The practice is also referred to as "making war on" a man and may be employed against women as well. "Sitting on a man", along with strikes and various other resistance methods, ultimately functioned as a tool for women to maintain balance of both social and political power throughout pre-colonial times; however, this status would be negatively impacted by colonialism.

Most agree that they fed themselves with shellfish and seafood, as well as obtaining food from travels inland to hunt and gather seeds. A variety of artistically-crafted implements have been discovered, including spears points and arrowheads made from obsidian; basalt, sandstone, and granite were used to make mortars and pestles; soapstone kettles and stone hammers were also found. These early inhabitants were skilled basket and net makers and fashioned jewelry from crab claws, abalone shells, and the teeth of sharks and whales. The presence of soapstone (steatite) provides evidence that they traded with the Catalina Island tribes, whereas the lack of metals and glass indicates that they did not trade with Europeans or Asians.

In 2006, the remaining portion of the site was purchased for preservation by The Archaeological Conservancy. Archaeological excavations at the Lamoka Lake site have recovered large numbers of projectile points - primarily Lamoka points; stone netsinkers, groundstone and polished stone tools - including beveled adzes, hammerstones, pestles, mullers, mortars, and metates; bone tools - including awls, knives, and fish hooks; lithic debitage; and animal bones - primarily white-tailed deer, tree squirrel, and passenger pigeon; and human burials. Numerous archaeological features, including pits, postmolds, hearths, firebeds and ash layers, have also been identified. The majority of artifacts and features date to the Late Archaic Period, although later Woodland Period artifacts have also been recovered from the site.

Traditional weapons of the Ibaloys are the spear (kayang), shield (kalasai), bow and arrow (bekang and pana), and war club (papa), though they are rarely used in present times. The Ibaloy also employ cutting tools like knives, farm tools, and complete pounding implements for rice: mortars (dohsung), which are round or rectangular for different purposes, and pestles (al-o or bayu)of various sizes, carved from sturdy tree trunks and pine branches. Their rice winnower (dega-o or kiyag) are made of bamboo or rattan. Music is also important among the Ibaloy, with the Jew's harp (kodeng), nose flute (kulesheng), native guitar (kalsheng or Kambitong), bamboo striking instruments, drums (solibao), gongs (kalsa), and many others.

From the enslaved Africans, plantation owners learned how to dyke the marshes and periodically flood the fields. At first the rice was laboriously milled by hand using large mortars and pestles made of wood, then winnowed in sweetgrass baskets (the making of which was another skill brought by slaves from Africa). The invention of the rice mill increased profitability of the crop, and the addition of water power for the mills in 1787 by millwright Jonathan Lucas was another step forward. Rice culture in the southeastern U.S. became less profitable with the loss of slave labor after the American Civil War, and it finally died out just after the turn of the 20th century.

Elsewhere at the site, many more stone tools were discovered, including implements such as axes, atlatl components, pestles, and celts. Measuring approximately in area, the site's dating is dependent on the technological level of the inhabitants, as radiocarbon dating yielded results centering on the fifth century BC, radically later than those of similar sites in the region; typical of such sites, the dating for the Bullskin Creek Site is slightly more than two thousand years earlier than the results obtained at Dravo. The inhabitants' technology prompted their classification as a people of the middle of the Late Archaic Period. In 1978, the Dravo site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its archaeological significance.

However, it has been pointed out by recent scholarship that the translation of Pomponius' fragmentary text could be faulty, and relies on translating "mola", which is often thought to mean either a mill or millstone, to instead refer to a water powered trip hammer. Grain-pounders with pestles, as well as ordinary watermills, are attested as late as the middle of the 5th century AD in a monastery founded by Romanus of Condat in the remote Jura region, indicating that the knowledge of trip hammers continued into the early Middle Ages. At the Italian site of Saepinum excavators have recently unearthed a late antique water mill that may have employed trip hammers for tanning, the earliest evidence of its kind in a classical context.

The underground system was accessible by many different openings which simultaneously used as a ventilation system for the tunnels. The tools in the site constitute mainly by pointed bone tools and stonehammers. Other stone tools revealed at the locations were stone mortars and pestles, which indicate another stage in the ores exploitation. Moreover, a unique find for British Isles were the giant hammers.Graddock 1995, 60–61; James 1988, 115–121; O'Brien 1996, 19,24–25, 49–51 Evidence for early quarrying was also discovered in Alderley Edge though industrial operations in the 19th century destroyed a big part of the earlier deposits.The Institute of Metals 1991, pg13; Timberlake and Prag 2005 Ireland also has many areas related with mining activities from the prehistoric period (O'Brien 2003).

In his 1918 book, Folklore in the Old Testament, Scottish social anthropologist Sir James George Frazer documented similarities between Old Testament stories, such as the Flood, and indigenous legends around the world. He identified Livingston's account with a tale found in Lozi mythology, wherein the wicked men build a tower of masts to pursue the Creator-God, Nyambe, who has fled to Heaven on a spider-web, but the men perish when the masts collapse. He further relates similar tales of the Ashanti that substitute a pile of porridge pestles for the masts. Frazer moreover cites such legends found among the Kongo people, as well as in Tanzania, where the men stack poles or trees in a failed attempt to reach the moon.

War, he says, has imprisoned Peace in a cave nearby. Just then, as chance would have it, War comes grumbling and growling outdoors, carrying a gigantic mortar in which he intends grinding the Greeks to paste. Trygaeus discovers by eavesdropping that War no longer has a pestle to use with his gigantic mortar – the pestles he had hoped to use on the Greeks are both dead, for one was Cleon and the other was Brasidas, the leaders of the pro-war factions in Athens and Sparta respectively, both of whom have recently perished in battle. War goes back indoors to get himself a new one and Trygaeus boldly takes this opportunity to summon Greeks everywhere to come and help him set Peace free while there is still time.

420px Apart from a few stratified cave sites—and those rare open-air sites where archaeological materials were deposited so rapidly that bioturbation and resultant destratifications failed to keep pace with deposition, most prehistoric cultural materials of the world reside in the soil biomantle. Such materials are thus mixed, and technically and theoretically out of its original context. Since many cultural materials (cleavers, choppers' core-stones, metates, manos, pestles, etc.) are invariably larger than burrow diameters of most key bioturbators at such sites (small rodents, ants, termites, worms), they settle downward and form a stonelayer, and thus become part of a two-layered biomantle. Smaller artifacts (flakes, debitage) often are homogenized throughout the upper biomantle, and commonly observed in recent bioturbational spoil heaps, like those produced by pocket gophers, moles, and mole-rats.

His latest include the fatwa dubbed "necrophilia fatwa" which edict gives a man the right to engage in sexual intercourse with his wife up to six hours after her death;Necrophilia fatwa despite recognizing that such an action is despicable in mainstream society, Zamzami persisted in backing his original fatwa, claiming marriage does not end in death.Necrophilia despicable but okay The necrophilia fatwa went viral after Al Arabiyah published an article alleging that Egypt was about to adopt a law in its favor, a measure that proved to be a hoax propagated further by western media. In addition, a new fatwa allowing women to masturbate using sex toys, carrots, pestles, bottles, and other phallic- looking objects warranted the wrath of the Moroccan and international Muslim community against Zamzami.Hoax criticism .

However the function of the female figurines in the life of Indus Valley people remains unclear, and Possehl does not regard the evidence for Marshall's hypothesis to be "terribly robust". Some of the baetyls interpreted by Marshall to be sacred phallic representations are now thought to have been used as pestles or game counters instead, while the ring stones that were thought to symbolise yoni were determined to be architectural features used to stand pillars, although the possibility of their religious symbolism cannot be eliminated. Many Indus Valley seals show animals, with some depicting them being carried in processions, while others show chimeric creations. One seal from Mohenjo-daro shows a half-human, half-buffalo monster attacking a tiger, which may be a reference to the Sumerian myth of such a monster created by goddess Aruru to fight Gilgamesh.

Douglas Fir rises above Coast Live Oak/Pacific Madrone forest on northeast peak of Jasper Ridge - viewed from Sandhill Road Searsville Reservoir from the dam on Corte Madera Creek and on to Russian Ridge Ohlone mortars and pestles found at Jasper Ridge The Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve is a nature preserve and biological field station formally established as a reserve in 1973. The biological preserve is owned by Stanford University, and is located at south of Sand Hill Road and west of Interstate 280 in Portola Valley, San Mateo County, California. It is used by students, researchers, and docents to conduct biology research, and teach the community about the importance of that research. The preserve encompasses Jasper Ridge and Searsville Lake (actually a reservoir) and the upper reaches of San Francisquito Creek, along with the latter's Corte Madera Creek and Bear Creek tributaries.

816 pages; Marshall hypothesized the existence of a cult of Mother Goddess worship based upon excavation of several female figurines, and thought that this was a precursor of the Hindu sect of Shaktism. However the function of the female figurines in the life of Indus Valley people remains unclear, and Possehl does not regard the evidence for Marshall's hypothesis to be "terribly robust". Some of the baetyls interpreted by Marshall to be sacred phallic representations are now thought to have been used as pestles or game counters instead, while the ring stones that were thought to symbolise yoni were determined to be architectural features used to stand pillars, although the possibility of their religious symbolism cannot be eliminated. Many Indus Valley seals show animals, with some depicting them being carried in processions, while others show chimeric creations.

In the Huarochirí Manuscript Spanish cleric Francisco de Ávila records > In all the stories and fables of these people I have never been able to make > out which came first, or in what order they should be placed, for they are > all very ancient traditions. They relate that, a long time ago, the sun > disappeared and the world was dark for a space of five days; that the stones > knocked one against the other; and that the mortars, which they call mutca, > and the pestles called marop, rose against their masters, who were also > attacked by their sheep, both those fastened in the houses and those in the > fields. This p. 132 may have been the eclipse which occurred when our > Redeemer died; but I cannot clearly make this out, for when it was day in > that hemisphere it was night here, so that here the eclipse would have taken > place at night.

Carreg Pumsaint and similar mortar blocks are believed to stem from mechanically operated trip hammers. Roman stone anvil for a stamp battery The main components for water-powered trip hammers – water wheels, cams, and hammers – were already known in Hellenistic times. Early cams are in evidence in water-powered automata from the third century BC. One Greek automaton in particular, a flute player whose mechanism was described by the Banu Musa but can be "reasonably" attributed to Apollonius of Perge, functions on the principle of water-powered trip hammers. The Roman scholar Pliny (Natural History 18.97) indicates that water-driven pestles had become fairly widespread in Italy by the first century AD: While some scholars have viewed this passage to mean a watermill,Terry Reynolds: Stronger Than a Hundred Men. A History of the Vertical Water Wheel, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983, p. 355, fn. 51 recent scholarship argues that mola must refer to water-powered trip hammers which were used for the pounding and hulling of grain. Their mechanical character is also suggested by an earlier reference of Lucius Pomponius (fl. 100-85 BC) to a fuller's mill, a type of mill that has been operated at all times with falling stocks.