77 Sentences With "party walls" | Random Sentence Generator

"By comparison to the monumental buildings, consider the structure of many Himalayan villages—there, the clustered houses share party walls and are seemingly fitted together like a 3D jigsaw puzzle," says Kimmet.

Among other things, they call for redesigning the facade of No. 9, a six-story brick building; removing party walls; constructing rooftop additions; altering the rear facades; and excavating the cellars and yards.

Gedung Kuning is built primarily on a load-bearing wall. The wall bears the weight of the house and transfers the load to the foundation structure. This is similar to the party walls in a shophouse. The load-bearing walls demarcate each room of Gedung Kuning as how party walls demarcate each shophouse.

Most of the buildings are brick and masonry commercial structures, two stories in height, with party walls joining them at the sides.

Rainbow Row is composed of thirteen different buildings, most of which share party walls with their neighboring houses. The following are summaries of the buildings.

The ground floor of the Merton Street end tenancy has had party walls removed and has a suspended ceiling. The first floor has single skin tongue and groove partitions, boarded ceilings and clerestory skylights. The second tenancy has been fitted out for offices with arched openings in party walls and suspended ceilings on both levels. Turned timber staircases are intact in both tenancies, and basements have back to back fireplaces with shared chimneys which no longer operate.

Phipps v Pears [1964] is an English land law case, concerning easements. The case concerns walls other than those governed by the Party Wall Act. Party walls are those which are touch or are shared or agreed to be party walls. The court held the law will not imply or invent a new form of negative easement to prevent a neighbour's wall being pulled down which offers some protection (and no special agreement or covenant is in place).

It ended with the party walls blocking the walkway. The walls and columns are plastered and painted. The fiveIfootways are now paved with modern tiles. However, previously, it was probably paved with terracotta tiles, waxed cement screed, granite slabs or a combination of materials.

The interior of the building is considerably altered. Room layouts indicate original separate tenancies but openings in the party walls now connect them. Fittings, though ornate, are reproductions and suspended ceilings conceal air-conditioning ducts. A lift and other modern facilities are also installed.

The buildings also show reference to building codes introduced decades earlier with the incorporation of party walls which extended beyond the roof planes of the buildings. The external form illustrated and inspection of the buildings today suggest that internally the buildings also featured typical internal layout with two main rooms on the first and second floor with smaller room on both levels in the rear tunnel back. It is assumed that the three upper rooms were accessed via a stair extending up the party walls and returning into the building. The first floor level was typically split to allow access to each of the three first floor rooms.

Davidson Building was a historic commercial building located at Hannibal, Marion County, Missouri. It was built between 1903 and 1905, and was a two- story Romanesque Revival style building. It had a three-bay rock-faced ashlar facade and party walls. It featured arched windows with radiating voussoirs.

Heritage boundaries A row of twelve Victorian Italianate terraces with encompassing hip ended long gable roof of rendered brick. Party walls extended to upper verandah roof only. Curved verandah roof supported on flat cast iron columns with cast iron trim and balustrade on both levels. Two pairs of french doors per dwelling on upper floor.

Original windows were removed or replaced, barrel vaulted dormers replaced with gabled dormers, and chimney and fireplace openings were bricked in. The interiors of Harris Court were also substantially altered. Three of the original six staircases were removed, and whole walls and sections of party walls were removed for full length corridors on both floor levels.

Instead of one lane with one or two rows of houses, new style shikumen were typically developed in large blocks. Standard triangular gables and party walls replaced the more elaborate matou or Guanyin dou styles, with concrete tops. Exposed brick was used for external walls. The main gate frame also switched from stone to brick and painted stone cladding.

Party walls are walls that separate buildings or units within a building. They provide fire resistance and sound resistance between occupants in a building. The minimum fire resistance and sound resistance required for the party wall is determined by a building code and may be modified to suit a variety of situations. Ownership of such walls can become a legal issue.

Studebaker's tenure here was short lived, and by 1919 other auto and truck related businesses started to occupy the building. The building at 1436 Locust Street was built in 1922 between two existing buildings, which means it only has party walls. It too housed car dealerships in its early years. It was acquired by Sanders Motor Company in 1937 to house their used cars.

The flight of stairs between the ground floor and the first floor of 12 Logan Road has been removed. The stair in 14 Logan Road has been largely rebuilt. Doors located in the masonry party walls connect the adjoining buildings. The only basement inspected was 10 Logan Road, a large space with a concrete floor, painted brick walls and the remnants of two brick fireplaces.

Johnson's Buildings comprise four single-storeyed shops linked by a rendered masonry facade. The shops have brick party walls, individual pitched corrugated iron roofs, timber framed additions at the rear, and out-buildings. The facade above the awning line has a cornice with dentils which forms a large central arch flanked by two smaller ones. These arches are topped with scrolls and a central stepped pediment.

II was published Rome, 1976. Anatolian features of the earliest layers were affected by cultural influences from Helladic Greece, about the start of Early Helladic II, ca. 2500 BC. The site, with houses huddled together sharing party walls, was unearthed by excavations of the Italian School of Archaeology at Athens (Scuola archeologica Italiana di Athene), beginning in 1930.Site publications, such as S. Tibne, A.G. Benevuti, et al.

Gedung Kuning was built in the 1850s with similar elements as the shophouse. The main key elements of a shophouse, which the Urban Redevelopment Authority sees as the most important are roofs, foundation, party walls, timber beams & joist, airwells, rear court, windows, doors, staircase, façade and the forecourts’ wall and gate. Gedung Kuning's main structure consist a mixture of timber framing for the roof and load-bearing walls.

The Treat Commercial Building is a historic commercial building on Oak Street, between High and 4th Streets, in Leslie, Arkansas. It is a single-story brick structure, with a vernacular early-20th century storefront and sharing party walls with its neighbors. The front has a pair of plate glass windows flanking a recessed entrance, and is topped by a parapet. The interior retains original fixtures and a coffered pressed-metal ceiling.

The former Eagle Hotel is located on the north side of downtown Concord, on the east side of North Main Street. It is located directly across the street from the New Hampshire State House. It is a five-story masonry structure, with a flat roof and party walls shared with its neighbors. On the ground level, the central four bays have rounded arches leading to the main entrance to the hotel area.

The Patton Building is located in downtown Springfield, on the south side of Hampden Street west of Main Street. It is a three-story brick building, sharing party walls with its neighbors. The facade is divided into three parts, articulated by pilasters; the outer two sections have projecting wood-frame window bays on the upper floors, while the center section has three windows set in rectangular openings. A dentillated and modillioned cornice crowns the facade.

Emblem of the Holyoke Caledonia Benefit Club, c. 1904–1962 The Caledonia Building is located in Holyoke's downtown North Nigh Street commercial district, on the northwest side of High Street opposite John Street. It is a four-story brownstone structure, sharing party walls with neighboring buildings and topped by a mansard roof. The ground floor is divided into four storefronts articulated by fluted pilasters, with the main building entrance near the center.

The Lawyers' Row Historic District encompasses a group of four commercial office buildings on West 2nd Street in Malvern, Arkansas. The four buildings, joined by party walls, are all single-story masonry structures, built between 1910 and 1920, with awnings across the front, and a raised parapete with decorative panels above the awning. These buildings were all built to house law offices, giving the area its name. Most of the lawyers had moved out by 2000.

The curved corrugated iron awnings over the footpath and the parapet with frieze and cornice supported on modillions are continuous elements across the street facades. Mounted on top of the parapet are masonry balls on the Logan Road facade and a fan type ornament on the Stanley Street facade. These parapet ornaments mark the position of the party walls that separate the three tenancies. Two of the original cast iron columns supporting the footpath awning remain on Logan Road.

The stucco façades have another benefit: they create a smooth, unornamented, and white surface. This surface represents the nature of the material and also does not hint to what is inside the building. Most of Loos' works were located in open lots and did not need any party walls and yet they faced other constraints that he had to work around. In the case of the Steiner house, Loos was only able build one floor above the street level.

The Jesse N. Cypert Law Office is a historic commercial building at 104 East Race Street in Searcy, Arkansas. It is a vernacular single-story brick structure, sharing party walls with its neighbors. The front facade is divided into bays by corbelled brickwork, with a double door in the central bay on the first floor, and windows in the flanking bays. Above these are separately- articulated bays housing vents, and there is a simple brick cornice at the top.

Four of the five buildings have a series of pedimented gable dormers in the roof. Chimneys are set at the ends and at every other party wall, and the unit entrances are grouped in pairs at the other party walls. The rowhouses were built by the Hadley Falls Mill Company, which was established in 1847 in a bid to recreate the success at Holyoke of the industrialization effort at Lowell, Massachusetts. They were built by engineer John Chase and contractor Charles McClallan.

The Bank of Malvern is a historic commercial building at 212 South Main Street in Malvern, Arkansas. It is a single-story masonry structure, sharing party walls with neighboring buildings in downtown Malvern. Its lower level is Romanesque in style, with rusticated stone forming an entrance arch on the left, and acting as a piers around the glass display window on the right. Above this is a lighter brick construction, with bands of decorative terra cotta rising to a parapet.

Many homes have two entrances, one main vivideras areas and a secondary (known as "door") to the backyard, stable or barn, often in different streets, and many others in the same. The construction methodology is based on bearing walls of stone and adobe, with vertical holes in the facade, these walls are often shared party walls between adjoining dwellings. The walls are white, using traditional methods of lime. In general, the architecture is devoid of frills beyond certain gaps racks.

Many of the buildings in the district are joined in rows by party walls. They were built of brick, and are stylistically vernacular. Notable exceptions are the Art Deco Post Office (separately listed on the National Register), a Moderne-style building on North Main Street, and the five story Mediterranean Revival Ridgeway Hotel (also separately listed), which is also the district's tallest building. The two most architecturally elaborate buildings are 202 and 204 North Main Street, Italianate structures built c. 1900.

The A.B. Brewer Building is a historic commercial building on Arkansas Highway 66 in the central business district of Mountain View, Arkansas. It is a single-story structure, built out of load-bearing stone masonry, sharing party walls with adjacent buildings opposite the Stone County Courthouse, and houses three storefronts topped by a tall stone entablature. It was built in 1929 by the Brewer Brothers, who were local stonemasons. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

In Franconia the fortification of late medieval city has largely survived. In Nuremberg a low Zwinger was built in front of the older ring- wall. In the early 15th century, Munich was fitted with a new double ring of town walls, as depicted in the Nuremberg Chronicle. By connecting the inner and the outer ring - to be more exactly, the respective inner and outer (= lower) watch towers - with numerous party walls, a succession of zwinger segments soon encircled the place as a whole.

Shophouses in Singapore are constructed beginning in the nineteenth century by Chinese and other communities. There is the use of brick “party walls”. A further characteristic of this urban form was the width of the shophouses were generally determined by the distance it could span due to the use of timber beams between brick party walls.Imran bin Tajudeen. 2012. “Beyond Racialized Representation: Architectural Linguæ Franca and Urban Histories in the Kampung Houses and Shophouses of Melaka and Singapore.” In Colonial Frames, Nationalist Histories, 213-252.

Example of a residence located to the rear of a commercial block with a single storey shop to the front built in 1853.Tropman 1989: 41 The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The remains of the cottage effectively illustrates the early practice of building common or party walls. In particular the incorporation of the southern and northern wall of Samson's cottage into the Coach house and Ambulance station.

Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina A party wall (occasionally parti-wall or parting wall, also known as common wall) is a dividing partition between two adjoining buildings that is shared by the occupants of each residence or business. Typically, the builder lays the wall along a property line dividing two terraced houses, so that one half of the wall's thickness lies on each side. This type of wall is usually structural. Party walls can also be formed by two abutting walls built at different times.

On Logan Road the street level shop fronts retain their s remodeling, with leadlights above plate glass display windows and recessed doorways. On Stanley Street the two shops on the perimeter of the building have glazed shop windows while the middle shop retains the original wall, entry door and window. Similar materials and finishes can be found throughout the Taylor–Heaslop Building. Party walls are mostly rendered brickwork, original internal walls and ceilings are lathe and plaster, and floors are concrete or timber on the upper levels.

Cook Terrace is substantially intact, including attached timber service wings which are rare, and survives as one of few nineteenth century terraces in Brisbane. The continuation of the masonry party walls above the roof line, is an uncommon type of construction in attached row housing in Brisbane. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. Cook Terrace is substantially intact, including attached timber service wings which are rare, and survives as one of few nineteenth century terraces in Brisbane.

The Lewiston Trust and Safe Deposit Company building is located on the east side of Lisbon Street, Lewiston's principal downtown commercial street, between Main and Ash Streets. It is a three-story masonry structure, with party walls directly abutting the neighboring buildings. Its facade is ashlar granite, with quoined corners and a metal cornice. Its ground floor retail space has a Moderne style recessed entrance with flanking display areas set with black panels above and below, and is topped by a projecting triangular-fronted marquee.

The Hamblen Block is located on the east side of Portland's West End neighborhood, on the southeast side of Danforth Street, between Brackett and Clark Streets.It consists of four virtually identical row houses, each three bays wide and three stories high. They are built of brick, and have gabled roofs separated by party walls with rectangular brick chimneys projecting from the left side. Entrances are located in the rightmost bay, recessed in an opening flanked by pilasters and topped by an entablature and cornice.

While party walls are effectively in common ownership of two or more immediately adjacent owners, there are various possibilities for legal ownership: the wall may belong to both tenants (in common), to one tenant or the other, or partly to one, partly to the other. In cases where the ownership is not shared, both parties have use of the wall, if not ownership. Other party structures can exist, such as floors dividing flats or apartments. Apart from special statutory definitions, the term "Party Wall" may be used in four different legal senses.

Cook Terrace, 1945 Cook Terrace consists of six two-storeyed rendered brick houses, each with an attic and sub-floor. The attics are contained within a corrugated iron mansard roof, which is divided by continuations of the party walls, which also separate the front and back verandahs. Each attic is lit by a single dormer at the rear and a pair at the front. The latter appear to have been added at a later date, and a high front parapet of repeating circles, which partly obscured the roof, probably was removed at the same time.

He was appointed by the city of Philadelphia as a Regulator of Party Walls and Partition Fences, a plum political position roughly akin to Building Inspector. During the American Revolutionary War, Smith constructed chevaux-de-frise. These were boxes containing sharp metal- tipped wooden spikes which were weighted down with stones and sunk in the Delaware River to rip holes in the hulls of British warships. Smith died during the War while working on the American Army barracks at Fort Billingsport, New Jersey, part of the defenses on the Delaware River.

As party walls are also known as firewalls, the load-bearing walls of Gedung Kuning serve similar functions by creating a barrier and preventing the spread of fire between or through each rooms. A party wall is usually extended above the roof level to ensure its effectiveness but this does not exist in Gedung Kuning as it is a standalone house. However, this idea is evident on the Gedung Kuning's walkway on Kandahar Street when the boundary wall is extended onto the walkway. This is probably erected to prevent the spread of fire between Gedung Kuning and the former Kota Raja Club.

This was covered with a layer of concrete, spread out over the entire area of the base to evenly distribute the building's weight. Installed above the concrete layer were pairs of steel bases that supported either grillage or short columns carrying the cantilever girders to shore up the party walls shared with other buildings. The foundation did not use piles, as in the nearby Park Row Building and 150 Nassau Street, because the sand was already highly compacted. The original plans called for hydraulic jack screws to be installed at the bottom of the columns, which could raise the entire building's weight.

The party walls were almost always decorated with corbels (which sometimes depicted heads), and the large wooden entry doors were decorated with stained or etched glass surrounds. Many Melbourne terraces also featured a unique style of polychrome brickwork, influenced heavily by the early work of local architect Joseph Reed and often highly detailed (though in many terraces this distinctive feature has been later painted or rendered over, although some have since been sandblasted or stripped back). The Melbourne style incorporated decorative cast iron balconies (of the filigree style). The demand for imported cast iron eventually led to the establishment of local foundries.

Building rules introduced in 1838 required party walls to be raised above the roofline, which helped define the Sydney style and skyline of Many of Sydney's terraces have been subjected to gentrification, such as these in Glebe terraced suburbs. The terraces often lack a parapet and feature high- pitched roof with dormer windows and attics to make use of the roof space. Sydney terraces were often built right up to the property line; Sydney's narrow streets also make for more intimate street scapes where terraced. As housing developed in Australia, verandas became important as a way of shading the house.

The New Britain Opera House stood on the north side of New Britain's downtown, on the west side Main Street between Myrtle and Lafayette Streets. This area was separated from the 19th-century downtown in the mid-20th century by the construction of the Connecticut Route 72, a depressed limited-access highway. It was a three-story brick building with Renaissance Revival style, sharing party walls on either side with other buildings. Its front facade was divided into three sections, with the theater entrance flanked by commercial spaces on the ground floor, and two windows in each section on the upper floors.

The Mansuy and Smith Automobile Showroom Building is located on the north side of Elm Street, in a block of commercial buildings between Pulaski Circle and Main Street on the west side of downtown Hartford. It is a two-story brick building, joined via party walls to adjacent buildings. Its main facade is divided into three sections: on the ground floor, the right section has a garage bay opening, the left section has a large display window, and the center section has a window and pedestrian entrance. On the second floor, each section has two sash windows with cast stone sills and lintels.

The red marble, terra cotta and brick facade of the building is a combination of Roman Revival and Queen Anne styles that embraced Richardsonian Romanesque architecture. The building, which is a combination of iron framing and masonry bearing walls, marked a transition from masonry load- bearing structures to steel skeleton load-bearing structures. In fact, the Landmarks Commission citation commends "development of the skeleton structural frame using cast iron columns, wrought iron spandrel beams, and steel beams to support party walls and interior floors". Aside from the first two floors of metal-framed perimeter walls, the walls are all masonry.

The Hampden Savings Bank building is located on the east side of Main Street in downtown Springfield, on a block between Taylor and Lyman Streets that is lined with turn-of-the-century commercial buildings. It is a two-story masonry structure, sharing party walls with its neighbors. It has a well-proportioned Classical Revival facade, with a center entrance topped by an elaborate pediment, and tall second-story windows set in a recess with Ionic pilasters at either side. Above this a panel identifies the building, with a cornice and decorative parapet at the top.

The hôtel was built for a financier,Rogers, Chris (2018) How to Read Paris. London: The Ivy Press. pp.60-61. Abraham Peyrenc de Moras, who had speculated successfully in the ill-fated paper money schemes of John Law that had ruined many, at a time when the Faubourg Saint-Germain was still suburban in character. His house, the most superb in the neighborhood, was built as a free-standing structure, not entre cour et jardin ("between entrance court and garden") with party walls against adjoining buildings, as hôtels in more densely built quarters of Paris were traditionally built since the seventeenth century.

The height of the building, the steep pitch of the gable roof and type of materials used, are all evident from the remaining fabric. The southern wall of the residence which has been built into the Coach house is significant in illustrating the position of the fireplace, and its later extension with the construction of the Coach house. The stone wall to Kendall Lane and the distinct remaining impression of the south wall contributes the existing streetscape to the Lane. The remains of the cottage effectively illustrates the early practice of building common or party walls.

Crescent House, with the Barbican Estate in the background The maisonette blocks are faced with panels in primary colours (red and blue on maisonette blocks and yellow on the tower block). Bush- hammered concrete occurs less than in the Barbican. However, some of the concrete surfaces which are today painted - for example on the narrow elevations of Great Arthur House - were originally unpainted but later coated when they suffered early on from staining and streaking from iron pyrites in the aggregate. Inside, most maisonettes display open-tread cast terrazzo staircases projecting from the party walls as a cantilever.

Hôtel de Soubise in Paris An hôtel particulier ()Collins Robert French Dictionary is a townhouse of a grand sort, comparable to the British townhouse or mansion. Whereas an ordinary maison (house) was built as part of a row, sharing party walls with the houses on either side and directly fronting on a street, an hôtel particulier was often free-standing and, by the 18th century, would always be located entre cour et jardin – between the cour d'honneur (an entrance court) and the garden behind.Michel Gallet, Les architectes parisiens du XVIIIe siècle, Paris; There are hôtels particuliers in many large cities in France.

The Goldthwaite Block is located in downtown Brockton, across Main Street from City Hall, and immediately adjacent to the Howard Block and Curtis Building, both of which it shares party walls with. It is a four-story masonry structure, built out of brick and stone. It is three bays wide, with projecting window bays on the upper floors of the two side bays, and decorative terra cotta between and above the windows of the center section. The projecting bays are clad in copper, and some of the terra cotta panels are carved with the building's name and construction date.

The Fires Prevention (Metropolis) Act placed buildings into seven classes, with the required thicknesses of the external and party walls stipulated for each of the classes. It also included provisions stating a maximum floor area for stores and warehouses. The Act brought into being the first legislation that dealt with human life and escape, rather than just building safety. The Act stated that London boroughs were to appoint surveyors and "every parish should provide three or more proper ladders of one, two and three storeys high, for assisting persons in houses on fire to escape therefrom".

Broadway Alley is nowhere near Broadway, and the origin of the name is unknown., p. 31 The neighborhood has been rebuilt in patches, featuring both new high-rise structures often set back from the street, and a multitude of exposed party walls that were never meant to be seen in public. A nearly forgotten feature is the private alley called Broadway Alley, between 26th and 27th Streets, halfway between Lexington and Third Avenues, reputedly the last unpaved street in Manhattan; it is not known what this alley is named after, since it is not near the main Broadway.

From 1911 to 1947 it served as the headquarters of the American Peace Society. The Society has its origins in a number of local and state peace societies organized in the early decades of the 19th century, the oldest of which, the New York Peace Society, was founded in 1815. In 1828 these disparate groups came together, creating the nation's first organization dedicated to the promotion of international peace. In the 1970s the house was occupied by the American Revolution Bicentennial Commission, by which time it had been combined by the creation of openings in party walls with one of the adjacent units.

Street-fronted back-to-back terraces in Harold Grove, Leeds Back-to-backs are a form of terraced houses in the United Kingdom, built from the late 18th century through to the early 20th century in various guises. Many thousands of these dwellings were built during the Industrial Revolution for the rapidly increasing population of expanding factory towns. Back-to-backs share party walls on three of their four sides, with the front wall having the only door and windows. As back-to-backs were built as the cheapest possible housing for the impoverished working class, their construction was usually sub-standard.

The dormitories consist of 600 apartment-styled dorms on three upper floors while the bottom floor are classrooms and administrative spaces. Due to the unique circumstances of a military dormitory over traditional college dorms (such as noise from aircraft, armored vehicles, and artillery, as well as the Army's policies on the amount of floor space allocated per soldier), contractors were forced to find a unique way to deal with the sound. The traditional method of party walls would not work because of the already limited floor space. A new soundproof drywall was used instead to give students as much living space as possible.

The First National Bank of Houlton building is set in a row of otherwise brick buildings on the north side of Market Square, the heart of Houlton's central business district. Sharing party walls with the neighboring buildings, it has a granite facade, prominently distinguished by a pair of pilasters at the corners, and a pair of Doric columns in the center. These support a lintel with an overhanging bracketed cornice, which is topped by four equidistant blocks separated by balustrades with metal balusters. The facade behind the columns is organized into three bays, the left two having windows with decorative metal elements between the first and second levels.

Cooee and its unnamed neighbour originally formed a pair of semi-detached, single-storeyed brick cottages with separate, steeply pitched gabled roofs containing attic spaces lit by dormer windows. The galvanised iron roofs are likely to have been shingled originally. The foundations are of Brisbane tuff and the exterior and party walls are brick on edge ['rats nest' bond], a cheaper form of construction seen occasionally in surviving Brisbane buildings of the 1860s and 1870s, such as the 1863 Callender House (Theosophical Society Building) on Wickham Terrace. The buildings follow the slope down Victoria Street, with the southeastern house higher than its attached neighbour.

The Presque Isle National Bank building is set on the east side of Main Street in downtown Presque Isle, in a row of brick and masonry building one to three stories in height. It is a two-story brick structure, set on a raised brick foundation, with a low-slope pitched roof, sharing party walls or directly abutting the neighboring buildings. The front facade is divided into three parts, with a central stair providing access to the second floor flanked by storefronts. The first floor consists of brick piers supporting granite lintels above the storefronts, which are plate glass and wood with recessed entries.

In 2007, Swansea Metropolitan University announced that they were planning on acquiring the Old Central Library building to become part of the university. With funding assistance from the EU, Swansea Metropolitan University gave the building a £9.69 million renovation, almost £5 million over the budget, turning it into the new Welsh School of Architectural Glass, in 2015. A spokesman for the university stated that "Additional works were undertaken to meet revised requirements of the ‘listed’ elements of the building, including the Round Reading Room, the reinstatement of the Cupola to the central tower (damaged by World War II bombing) and works to the ‘party’ walls".

He joined the family business as a chartered surveyor, working in this role in and around the City of London, and concluded his career as a senior partner of the firm Kemsley, Whiteley & Ferris. He was active in the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, of which he became a fellow, and became master of the livery company for the profession, the Worshipful Company of Chartered Surveyors. He was the first Chairman of the Pyramus and Thisbe Club which he helped found to develop professional expertise in the structural and legal aspects of party walls. He now lectures as a visiting professor at Kingston University in their School of Surveying.

From the mid-19th century in particular, as more people became affluent, they built more elaborate homes, and one of the favoured elaborations was the filigree, or screen, of cast iron or wrought iron. This developed to the point where it has become one of the major features of Australian architecture. In contrast to the British practice of the day, under which dozens or even hundreds of houses were constructed by a developer as a single housing estate, Sydney practice was normally to build a short run of houses, an interesting example being the "Castle Terrace" in Paddington. They feature pitched corrugated iron roofs with round dormer windows, exposed party walls and chimneys with four terracotta pots.

GFA in Singapore, defined by Urban Redevelopment Authority as of March 2014 is: > 3 Definition of Gross Floor Area 3.1 All covered floor areas of a building, > except otherwise exempted, and uncovered areas for commercial uses are > deemed the gross floor area of the building for purposes of plot ratio > control and development charge. The gross floor area is the total area of > the covered floor space measured between the centre line of party walls, > including the thickness of external walls but excluding voids. Accessibility > and usability are not criteria for exclusion from GFA. 3.2 URA reserves the > right to decide on GFA matters based on the specific design of a development > proposal on a case-by-case basis.

In the best case of project designs, planners are encouraged to work with design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design and architectural design. These techniques include design of exterior walls, party walls, and floor and ceiling assemblies; moreover, there are a host of specialized means for damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment and social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, and meeting rooms. Many of these techniques rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles or using sound- absorbing liners for interior spaces. Industrial noise control is a subset of interior architectural control of noise, with emphasis on specific methods of sound isolation from industrial machinery and for protection of workers at their task stations.

The Hôtel de Condé formed a vast ensemble of structures, with wings separated by narrow interior courtyards, with awkward intrusions and party walls; however, the main corps de logis opened upon an extensive parterre garden in the French manner, separated from the cour d'honneur by a fine wrought-iron railing. A series of three terraces descended to rue de Vaugirard, facing the Palais du Luxembourg. The garden was so spacious that, when it was necessary to close the Luxembourg Garden to the public, the gates of the princely residence could be opened, and the crowd could be admitted without the least encumbrance. Germain Brice, in Description nouvelle de la ville de Paris (1707)Brice, Description nouvelle de la ville de Paris, Paris, 1707, vol. II:291.

The congregation behaved with suitable decorum, but I confess it was not easy to keep the mind from wandering to the incongruity of the surroundings. ..When the parson was praying or the people singing, it was not particularly edifying to be interrupted by the lively chaff and occasional bursts of blasphemy, which we could plainly hear through the canvas party-walls, which separated us from the adjoining bar and its half tipsy occupants.”Matthews, J.W. 1887 Incwadi Yami pp 394-5. Fr Frederick Noel remembered “hearing letters from Mr Rickards describing the roughness of the work in those early days ... amid dust and canvas and all the discomforts of such a settlement, but he persevered until he had got a fair-sized temporary church”.

The Adolph Block is a historic commercial building located in downtown Salem, Oregon, United States.. It was constructed in 1880 by German immigrant and pioneering Salem brewer Samuel Adolph (1835-1893), who purchased the property that Summer after a fire had destroyed the previous wooden buildings on the site. It was designed and built by Salem contractor J.S. Coulter. Completed by the end of the year, It was built sharing party walls with the adjoining J. K. Gill Building (1868) to the West and the long-since demolished Gray's Block on the East, of which one cast iron column remains. Though altered many times over the past century, the Adolph Block still retains many distinctive Italianate details and is one of the finer remaining examples of the style in Salem's downtown historic district.

It is clear that the early buildings on the site faced Cambridge St and possibly the Harbour and not Gloucester St. The buildings to the north of the site further along Gloucester St and the early street level are also visible. It would appear that demolition of the buildings followed, probably overseen by the Government Architect's Branch. All buildings constructed before the introduction of building regulations requiring fire separation in 1838, were demolished in the Gloucester St area. Substantial buildings such as Susannah Place (1844) which were constructed with party walls were retained. The 1908 plan of proposed workers housing projects includes the subject site on the eastern side of Gloucester St. The site continued to feature frontage to Cambridge St, by this time reduced to a 12 feet wide footway.

The use of solid building materials, stone and brick, and incorporation of party walls that extend beyond the roof line that created separation between each of the dwellings also indicates adherence to the newly introduced building codes of the day. The form of the building, lack of garden and incorporation of a corner shop in the building also represents a shift in the style of residential accommodation during this period and change in living standards as the land in the area became more developed and densely populated with locals relying on small stores instead of cottage gardens. The terraces are prominent elements in the Gloucester and Cambridge Street streetscapes primarily due to their modest scale and location on Cumberland Place. They are the only survivors from the early Victorian development of the area and make a positive contribution to varied character and nature of the precinct.

The chapel was opened by the Bishop of Oxford and has a stained-glass window depicting John Wycliffe. A vestry was added to the south side of the chapel in the 1930s, which is now being used as a prayer room. A 1961 reordering of the east end saw the introduction of candlesticks and altar frontals, which were removed in a later reordering. The 1960s metal reredos cross is now hung in the corridor between the hall and Old Lodge. No.2 Norham Gardens, the Principal's lodge from 1930 to 1987 During the twentieth century, a number of houses in Norham Gardens were also acquired by the hall, including No.2 in 1930 (which date also saw the acquisition of the freeholds from St John's College). The gardens of No.2 and No.4 remained separately delineated by their original brick party walls for some decades, but these grounds were amalgamated with the garden of 54 Banbury Road to form a large green space on the site in the late 1960s.

He was appointed by the Bishop of Bloemfontein, the Rt Revd Allan Webb, being diverted from Modderpoort to the Diamond Fields when he arrived in 1871. The writer J. W. Matthews recalled the "primitive state of things existing" in church matters when he reached the Diamond Fields in November 1871: worshippers gathered in a canvas tent billiard-room: > "On entering I beheld a full-robed clergyman officiating at one end of a > billiard-table, which served for his reading desk, whilst a large and > attentive crowd sat around the other end, some on rude benches which were > fixed along the walls, others perched upon gin cases, buckets reversed, or > any other that came to hand. The congregation behaved with suitable decorum, > but I confess it was not easy to keep the mind from wandering to the > incongruity of the surroundings. ..When the parson was praying or the people > singing, it was not particularly edifying to be interrupted by the lively > chaff and occasional bursts of blasphemy, which we could plainly hear > through the canvas party-walls, which separated us from the adjoining bar > and its half tipsy occupants".