277 Sentences With "participative" | Random Sentence Generator

" In another essay from November 2018, "Inequality and Participative Democracy.

Leaders can have styles that are charismatic, transactional, situational or participative.

A shift towards truly transparent, democratic and participative practices is necessary.

And people who are too participative might be seen as weak or indecisive.

Women consistently rate higher than men, on average, in promoting "relational" and "participative" leadership.

They designed the program and suggested details and modifications, it was a participative process.

In a similar vein, a "participative" boss is someone who involves team members in brainstorming and decision-making.

Lygia Pape, known for bold, participative performances and sculptures of iridescent gold filaments, appeared at the Met Breuer.

Indeed, they will shape the new narrative of immersive and participative storytelling as much as any technology or creative breakthrough.

For their media these artists chose posters, banners and prints — all appropriate to highlight the participative and practical role of art as messenger.

Clinton is claiming those differences as an advantage, and she's not wrong, necessarily — though being too "relational" or too "participative" also has its drawbacks.

"I would not use the word 'Islamic' but rather more 'participative'", he said when asked about the type of operations that would conform with sharia law.

The lineup includes a performance by the Jerusalem Andalusian Orchestra, a concert of Ethiopian jazz by the musician Mulatu Astatke and a participative devotional sacred music event.

Two months on, it has not found a way to soothe the yellow vests' anger and meet their demands, which include a higher minimum wage, a more participative democracy and Macron's resignation.

ARM and Glencore South Africa completed restructuring of 3.98 billion rand worth of debt owed by ARM coal along with 1.83 billion rand owed by the Participative Business Council to ARM coal in June.

Finance Minister Hadji Baba Ammi has already announced plans for the country's first local bond that is interest-free, complying with sharia law which forbids interest payments - although he called the scheme "participative" rather than Islamic.

"This process is a genuine and exceptional demonstration of the practice of power by the people and therefore of the markedly participative and democratic nature of our political system," President Miguel Diaz-Canel told the national assembly in a speech closing its week-long, twice-yearly session.

Participative decision making #: c. Trust, confidence, and credibility #: d. Openness and candor #: e. Emphasis on high performance goals.

Kiwiburn is a regional Burning Man event celebrating principles such as inclusion, radical self-expression, gifting, participative art and culture.

He is researching on the commons, democratisation of railway services, and models of participative governance of services like water and waste management.

Ciudadanos 100, El País, special feature 2011. Since July 2016 he has been president of the Consultative and Participative Council of Indigenous People.

Opportunities of more constructive developments are detailed under the term "Hyperdemocracy", based on solidarity networks, participative democracy, "responsible companies", NGOs, micro-credits and collective intelligence.

Participative decision-making (PDM) is the extent to which employers allow or encourage employees to share or participate in organizational decision-making (Probst, 2005). According to , the format of PDM could be formal or informal. In addition, the degree of participation could range from zero to 100% in different participative management (PM) stages (; ; Brenda, 2001). PDM is one of many ways in which an organization can make decisions.

The governing principles of both schools are "excellence" and "opportunity". There is a particular emphasis on the creation of an interactive and participative environment that enables students to flourish.

The participative system promotes genuine participation in decision-making and goal setting in order to promote a workplace where all members equally share information. Likert argues that the participative system is the most effective form of management within the systems. This system also coincides with human- resources theory based on the level of lateral interaction between employees and managers. Managers recognize problems that occur when there is little cohesiveness between members of an organization.

The idea of Social Participative Democracy stems from the idea of decentralization, meaning that civil members of a society should be able to be more actively involved in governmental decisions.

Consensus style of participative decision-making is the less practiced style of decision-making in our financial organization because it consumes much time and requires much forbearance according to leadershipmanagment.com.

The strategy includes an emphasis on introducing an integrated approach to community interventions (malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea) and a more participative and inclusive role for the private sector in combating malaria.

The workshop consists of technical sessions by experts along with the interactive and participative sessions for the students on various topics including: 1.Analytical ability 2.English Language 3.Aptitude building 4\.

The 23 objectives of the Australian Democrats were balloted by the membership in 1997, and represent an attempt through participative democracy to codify the overall policy aims and objectives of the Australian Democrats.

The deliberative council was created on 4 November 2008. The participative management plan was approved on 16 November 2009. As of 2016 the reserve was supported by the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program.

Daily tous les jours is a Canadian art and design studio based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It specializes in participative public art installations. Its best known project is 21 Balançoires (the Musical Swings).

All programs are archived on internet and can be seen there. The goal of Frikanalen is to strengthen freedom of expression and participative democracy by giving people more opportunity to express themselves through television.

Tejada-Herrera has a continuous presence within the art scene in Chicago, other cities in the United States, and internationally. Her production is a hybrid that blends conceptual approaches, new media, and participative art practices.

According to theorist Leslie Baxter, there are three major limitations in the work of relational dialectics theory. Baxter claims that her work has been "too distanced from naturally occurring talk between relating parties", and claims that the theory needs a firmer empirical base when applied to talk between relating parties. Naturally occurring talk between relating parties could be qualitative work utilizing the observation method of relating parties or small groups. Non-participative or participative observation would be appropriate for continued study of relational dialectics theory.

Generation of funds to supplement budget grant. 3\. Participative collaboration with the private sector. 4\. Enhancing exports. POF uses technology and equipment that has been acquired from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and China.

In our modern world, PDM in business field of finance are mostly base on the three categories: Autocratic, Collective-participative and consensus participative. Most of the financial organization practices the first category which is the Autocratic; this is because leaders have little or no trust for their employees. The Autocratic category of Decision Making allow the leader to make decision entirely on his or her own without any impute from others and take full responsibility for that decision. This style of decision-making is usually the best choice in case of emergency according to leadershipmanagement.

E-leadership can involve the same style and content as traditional face-to-face leadership, especially as the advancement of technology enables more visual virtual interactions. Participative leadership involves creating opportunities for individuals to be more involved in decision-making. Considering the importance of having members involved in the decision-making process, participative e-leaders can use technology such as chat rooms with anonymous input and electronic polls as tools to inform both their followers and themselves. Like the more traditional transformational leadership, e-leadership can also be inspiring.

"Nebulae" is the welcome party for the B.Tech freshmen. It is usually held within two weeks of the official start of the academic year. It is usually conducted by the sophomores although 3rd and 4th year seniors are equally participative.

Website of the FNAC. His personal participative exhibition in the Grand Palais Dynamo-Fukushima (in September 2011) gathered more than 17,000 visitors in two days."Dynamo Fukushima – European Heritage Days (September 17 & 18 2011)". Official website of the Grand Palais.

As Science 2.0 gains momentum in the science community, giving a glimpse of future scientific publishing and data sharing, the GEM database is distinct in that it uses these functionalities to help scientists facilitate discovery in a massively connected and participative environment.

Clemensstraße is a 1.76-kilometer-long street in Munich's Schwabing district. The street, named after Clemens August of Bavaria (1700–1761), labeled under the term Green Axis Schwabing is a participative model project for all Munich municipalities and Munich's longest bicycle road.

African Party for Independence of the Masses (in French: Parti Africain pour l'Indépendance des Masses) is a black nationalist political party in Senegal. It was legally registered in July 1982. PAIM publishes Nation Africaine. PAIM favours a form of direct participative democracy.

Expressway was released on Dudup, Mukuls record label. In 2009, Mukul had a solo art show titled BREAK in Mumbai. BREAK was a participative experiment. On entering the gallery, the audience was instructed to take a shuttle bus to an undisclosed location.

Hooffacker in 2011 Gabriele Hooffacker (born February 10, 1959) is a German journalist, journalism teacher and a professor for specifics of media at Leipzig University of Applied Science. Her research interests are online media as well as interactive and participative formats in journalism.

A positive relationship between goals and performance depends on several factors. First, the goal must be considered important and the individual must be committed. Participative goal setting can help increase performance, but participation itself does not directly improve performance. Self-efficacy also enhances goal commitment.

"Participative management (PM) is known by many names including shared leadership, employee empowerment, employee involvement, participative decision-making, dispersed leadership, open-book management, or industrial democracy" (Steinheider, B., Bayerl, P.S. & Wuestewald, T.,2006). "The basic concept involves any power-sharing arrangement in which workplace influence is shared among individuals who are otherwise hierarchical unequals. Such power-sharing arrangements may entail various employee involvement schemes resulting in co-determination of working conditions, problem solving, and decision-making" (Locke & Schweiger, 1979). The primary aim of PDM is for the organization to benefit from the "perceived motivational effects of increased employee involvement" (Latham, as cited in Brenda, 2001, p. 28).

The teaching methodology includes extensive and intensive class room teaching. Emphasis is laid on participative and interactive method of teaching and learning. The Course includes classroom assignments, seminars and project work relating to each subject. The University follows a multi-disciplinary and a wholesome approach in teaching and research.

The Royal Irish Constabulary escorting a convoy of traction engines driven by blackleg carters along Royal Avenue in central Belfast The police mutiny broke out when the RIC were ordered to play a more participative role during their routine escort of traction engines driven by blackleg carters through the city.

From these premises theological > fictions rise. At this level of abstraction, one that posits a participative > Deity, fantasy often partakes of madness. Either it's me that's mad, > Greenan's characters say, or it's the world.Whalen, T: The Birth of Death > and Other Comedies: The novels of Russell H. Greenan, page 126.

A research group is a group of researchers often from the same faculty, specialized on the same subject, working together on the issue or topic. The success of research group depends on several factors like, clear goals, research emphasis, group climate, participative governance, decentralized organization, communication, resources, recruitment, selection, and leadership.

The Jesuits were among the leading opponents of this view, because they held that divine grace was actual, in the sense that grace is among other things participative, and that humans could freely benefit from grace by a mediation between their own imperfect wills and the infinite mercy of God.

In 1996, Fabiana de Barros made yet another very important encounter. She met Adelina von Fürstenberg, exhibition commissaire and founder of the NGO Art for the World. She contributed to the artist's interests for participative and contextual art. The two women joined their forces for numerous projects and expositions around the world.

These installations were presented at Miami International University. One of these pieces consisted of giant plastic bags filled with huge amounts of shredded paper. The other installation was a shelf from which colorful shredded paper fell like a waterfall on the floor. The installation ended with a participative performance with the workers.

The use of computers to coordinate production in an optimal fashion has been variously proposed for socialist economies. The Polish economist Oskar Lange argued that the computer is more efficient than the market process at solving the multitude of simultaneous equations required for allocating economic inputs efficiently (either in terms of physical quantities or monetary prices). The 1970 Chilean distributed decision support system Project Cybersyn was pioneered by Salvador Allende's socialist government in an attempt to move towards a decentralised planned economy with the experimental viable system model of computed organisational structure of autonomous operative units though an algedonic feedback setting and bottom-up participative decision-making in the form of participative democracy by the Cyberfolk component."Cyberfolk". Project Cybersyn. .

The 2008 study by Julia Maria Koszewska explored "the role of information in modern society, particularly onaccess to information and information management as prerequisites for participative and democratic society". This was done by study of history of home exchange movement and its initiatives, websites, and functionality expressed by users experiences shared with the researcher.

Cooperatives seem on average to last longer and be more responsive to the needs of customers and the communities in which they operate, because their shared ownership and participative management generally makes labor more flexible while reducing the incentives of upper management to maximize short- term performance at the expense of the long term.

Perpetuation of values and lifestyle causes informal groups to become overly protective of their "culture" and therefore resist change. For example, if restriction of output was the norm in an autocratic management group, it must continue to be so, even though management changes have brought about a more participative administration.This Culture make employees more Rigid.

The National Association of Worker and Production Cooperatives (ANCPL) is composed of associations in the construction, engineering, manufacturing and designing industries. ANCPL represents its members in renewing national collective worker contracts in the machinery and building industries. ANCPL is one of the founders of CECOP (European Confederation of Workers’ Cooperatives, Social Cooperatives and Participative Enterprises).

Management also encourages employees to get involved outside of their occupational role and create relationships with employees of all levels in the organization. Commonly managers are more open minded and creative in comparison to systems I-III. The participative system creates identification with the organization, satisfaction, and higher production among employees when compared to the previous three systems.

Democratic Revolution () is a Chilean left-wing political party, founded in 2012 by some of the leaders of the 2011 Chilean student protests, most notably the current Deputy Giorgio Jackson, who is also the most popular public figure of the party. Their principles are based on advocating for participative democracy and the overcoming of Neoliberalism in Chile.

Auróra is a cultural and community place located in the 8th district of Budapest, Hungary. A well-known site of the city's underground music and art scene, it also serves as a hub for Hungarian NGOs. Its organisational model is based on participative democracy. Auróra has been a well-known target for the Hungarian government's crackdown on civil organisations.

He also founded the UN University of Japan and was a member of its council.Prasad 1998 p.24 G.P was comfortable dealing with student radicalism. Largely due to his efforts, JNU was the first university in India to establish a highly participative, broad-based and democratic student union thus leading to a dynamic student movement on its campus.

In his resignation, Lumsden wrote, "For many of us this was the first open source project we had ever contributed to, myself included. The task at hand was vast, and we were ill equipped to deal with it." Since Lumsden's resignation, the project is developed by a team of volunteers and is a completely horizontal and participative community effort.

Automattic raised US$617.3 million in six funding rounds. In the last round, in September 2019, the company was valued at US$3 billion. The company had 1,273 employees as of September 2020. Its remote working culture was the topic of a participative journalism project by Scott Berkun, resulting in the 2013 book The Year Without Pants: WordPress.

Tobias Weber (born 14 February 1977) is a Swiss film director, screenwriter and technology entrepreneur. He is best known for directing the interactive feature film Late Shift (2016), for which he won the BAFTA Cymru award. He is the founder of participative motion picture technology company CtrlMovie AG and Los Angeles based production company Kino Industries.

Nidan is a non governmental organization which facilitates empowerment of the poor and marginalized sectors through community services and pro-poor participative interventions. Nidan has been intensively working with the people employed in unorganized sector in the states of Bihar, Rajasthan, Delhi and Jharkhand. It has two head offices located in Patna and West Vinod Nagar (East Delhi).

EUROGEO Logo EUROGEO is a European scientific society, which networks geographers. It is an international non-governmental organisation. Since 1987 EUROGEO has been a participative member of the Conference of International NGOs of the Council of Europe. The association is involved in national and international activities and projects in geography including those related to education and training.

Richards' contributions can be sorted into three areas: (1) his development of constraint theory as an approach to the formulation of policy and technology strategy; (2) his advancement of the concepts associated with cybernetics as representing a new and powerful way of thinking; and (3) his application of cybernetic ideas to the design of a participative-dialogic society.

The X Party chose its candidates for the 2014 European parliamentary elections through an open and participative procedure that allowed citizens to propose candidates from outside of the party structure who were partnered with people from the organization to form the electoral list. In the elections, the party received 0.64% of the votes and gained no seat.

At the Caen congress in November 2013, he was the male leader of La motion participative (LMP) alongside Lucile Schmid. LMP (of which Yves Cochet, Karima Delli and Alain Lipietz are members) is in second position with 20.58% of the votes. He integrates the executive office, the direction of the movement, and takes charge of relations with associative actors and the cooperative network.

The democratic management style involves managers reaching decisions with the input of the employees but being responsible for making the final decision. There are many variations of this style of management including consultative, participative, and collaborative styles. Employee ideas and contributions are encouraged, but not necessary. Communication is both top-down and bottom-up and makes for a cohesive team.

This keeps significant know-how inside, and helps recruit highly qualified staff at a small company. The corporate culture of hidden champions is distinctive. Their values are conservative: hard work, strict selection, intolerance of underperformance, low sickness rates and high employee loyalty — and most are based in smaller towns. Leadership style is authoritarian on strategic issues but participative on operations level.

The Hutu government succeeded in killing 75% of the Tutsi population. After 100 days, the RPF stopped the fighting and a year later, over 100,000 perpetrators were in prison. This put an impossible strain on both the economy and the judicial system. The new Rwandan government, led by both Tutsis and Hutus, responded by creating the Gacaca (translated as participative justice) court system.

Decisions are made differently within organizations having diverse environments. A PDM style includes any type of decision transfer from a superior to their subordinates (Sager, 1999). PDM may take many forms and can run the gamut from informal suggestion systems to direct high involvement at the policy and administrative level. Most researchers agree that participative decision-making is not a unitary concept.

Decision makers cannot be experts in all fields. In such situations, the decision maker delegates full or partial responsibility of decision-making for a particular area of concern, to the expert on the team for best management outcomes. The participative leader retains the responsibility of final compilation of the draft responses from all. Such delegation is work specific and singular.

One form of guerrilla communication is the creation of a ritual via participative public spectacle to disrupt or protest a public event or to shift the perspectives of passers-by. Such spectacles often take the form of street and guerrilla theater. Another way to create such spectacle is via tactical frivolity. Pie-throwing as performance art is a form of guerrilla communication.

The original goal of the movement was to build a left-wing and participative political convergence towards the municipal elections of May 2015.ED (2014). La 'Marea Atlántica' sigue subiendo en A Coruña con la vista puesta en las municipales. eldiario.es. After achieving 2,500 signatures, Marea Atlántica decided to present a candidacy to the city council (and mayor) of A Coruña.

Citizens for Europe is a community of over 500 civil society organizations (CSOs) committed to a participative, diverse and democratic Europe. Since its founding in 2010, Citizens for Europe has been committed to strengthening civil society actors in their structures. The initiators of this network aim to use cooperation incentives to create synergies between CSOs, thereby strengthening civil society in Europe.

The peripheral municipalities of Banikoara, Kandi, Karimama and Malanville had to cede lands to the biosphere reserve. CENAGREF works with the Italian NGO Ricerca e Cooperazione (Research and Cooperation) to help develop these peripheral communities. The Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs provides some funding. Programs include participative management of natural resources, environmental education, support to shepherds, credit and agriculture activities.

He has published short-stories, interviews, and essays in literary journals and magazines such us El Malpensante, Número, Etiqueta Negra, Donjuan, Letralia, and the Rio Grande Review. He is the co-editor of the Hidalgo (Mexico) based literary journal, El perro and manages the DUD project (Drogas/Urtak/Drugs:), a digital platform for the construction of participative public opinion about drugs.

With the active and participative leadership of Dr. Rotoras, the College hurdled its share of challenges and the second release of the DOST financial assistance was undertaken. On September 6, 2012, Dr. Jennifer W. Tan was unanimously elected and appointed by the Board of Trustees as second President of the college by virtue of BOT Resolution No. 26,s. 2012.

In 1996, Gorbatt founded, and remains as director of ARQA, the first Open Community of Architecture, Design and Construction in Latin America. From this platform, he has oriented his practice toward the construction of social, exhibition and participative spaces between partners in the professional, academic and business worlds of architecture and design, focusing his proposals on the diffusion and interchange of ideas, experiences and opportunities.

Though, this is a relatively slow process, as the editorial board has to review the letter and decide if it is appropriate for publication. On the other hand, social media is participative and open; Participants are able to instantly share their views on brands, products, and services. Traditional media gave control of message to the marketer, whereas social media shifts the balance to the consumer or citizen.

Together, they formed the Coopérative 326. This was the first attempt in France to join together artists and technical professionals into a partnership based on cooperation, solidarity and the pooling of resources. What emerged was a participative and united network of artists, technicians, academics and entrepreneurs. Based in Belfort, La Coopérative 326 was met with great success, and its reputation spread to the rest of France.

The flag has generated some controversy. Councilman Adrián Camps from the left-wing party Proyecto Sur proposed in 2010 repealing the 1995 city law that adopted the flag in favour of a new design that better reflects the cosmopolitan, democratic and tolerant spirit of the city using participative methods.Camps, Adrián "Modifying the flag of the Autonomous City is proposed" , 2010, accessed January 10, 2011. The proposal failed.

Ferrol between 2015 and 2019. Ferrol en Común (Ferrol in Common or Ferrol Together, FeC) is a grassroots movement and political coalition in the city of Ferrol, Galicia whose goal is to build a left-wing and participative political electoral alliance. FeC is supported by political parties like Anova- Nationalist Brotherhood (Anova-IN), United Left (EU) and the local circle of Podemos in the city of Ferrol.

In an autocratic participative decision-making style, similar to the collective style, the leader takes control of and responsibility for the final decision. The difference is that in an autocratic style, members of the organizations are not included and the final outcome is the responsibility of the leader. This is the best style to use in an emergency when an immediate decision is needed .

2014, p.19-23 # Internet access and service providers (ISPs); # Data processing and web hosting providers, including domain name registrars; # Internet search engines and portals; # E-commerce intermediaries, where these platforms do not take title to the goods being sold; # Internet payment systems; and # Participative networking platforms, which include Internet publishing and broadcasting platforms that do not themselves create or own the content being published or broadcast.

This raises the further question of whether consensus should be the measure of a successful outcome of participation.Owens, S. (2000). 'Engaging the public: information and deliberation in environmental policy', Environment and Planning A, 32: 1141–8. As Davies suggests, participative democracy could not guarantee the substantive environmental benefits 'if there are competing views of what the environment should be like and what it is valuable for'.

National Action Programmes (NAP) are one of the key instruments in the implementation of the Convention. They are strengthened by Action Programmes on Sub-regional (SRAP) and Regional (RAP) level. National Action Programmes are developed in the framework of a participative approach involving the local communities and they spell out the practical steps and measures to be taken to combat desertification in specific ecosystems.

Fearless Collective is an art collective. It uses participatory art practices to provide means to move from fear to love in public space. The collective uses visual campaigning, multimedia storytelling and large-scale public art projects to engage in participative storytelling with communities who have been misrepresented around the world; to make space for personal narratives to emerge, transform public space, and reclaim our imaginations from fear.

Candus Thomson, "Disabled veterans vow to conquer Mount Kilimanjaro", Baltimore Sun, July 31, 2010 In 1986, the International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability (INAS-FID) was formed to support elite competition for athletes with intellectual disabilities. This was established in contrast to the more participative, "sport for all" approach of Special Olympics. For a time, athletes with intellectual disabilities were included in the Paralympic Games.

The six Globe dimensions of culturally endorsed implicit leadership (CLT) are: # Charismatic/value based – characterized by demonstrating integrity, decisiveness, and performance oriented by appearing visionary, inspirational and self-sacrificing, but can also be toxic and allow for autocratic commanding. # Team oriented – characterized by diplomatic, administratively competent, team collaboration and integration. A Toxic leader would be malevolent alienating the team, but driving cohesion # Self- protective – characterized by self-centered, face saving, procedural behavior capable of inducing conflict when necessary while being conscious of status # Participative – characterized by (non-autocratic) participative behavior that is supportive of those who are being led # Human orientation – characterized by modesty and compassion for others in an altruistic fashion # Autonomous – being able to function without constant consultation As globalization continues to thrive and change, the concept of global leadership will adapt to serve the best interest of a world being made incrementally smaller.

Mitä tapahtuu todella? (What is actually going on?) published in 1962. The collection of poems heralded a new era in Finnish culture, laying the foundation of Finnish "participative poetry", a style whose adherents insisted that poets should participate in politics through their work. Indeed, some of the poems featured in the collection do have a clear political tone, whereas in the 1950s Finnish modernists were generally more inclined to think that art should be done solely for art's sake. Mitä tapahtuu todella? marked also a change in the poet's style. His early works Runoja (Poems) and Toisia Runoja (Other Poems), both published in 1958, are not yet "participative poetry" or "democratic poetry" as the poet himself called his style. Instead, they are distinguished by their references to Greek antiquity while the general style was modern, which has led literary critics to say that Saarikoski's first works form his "Greek period".

The Social Participative Democracy (Democracia Social Participativa) was a political party in Guatemala. At the last legislative elections, held on 9 November 2003, the party won 1.1% of the popular vote but no seats in Congress. Its presidential candidate José Ángel Lee won 1.6% in the presidential elections of the same day. It became deregistered after it failed to achieve either 5% or a single deputy in the 2003 election.

In 1940, the Argentine Executive Power designated El Huecú as the new department capital, but it was officially founded on February 1, 1940. The municipality was built in 1973 and it received its third-category status, which still holds, on 11 November 1976. El Huecú is one of the northern Neuquen's municipalities that has a participative budget. Since 2004, the Mapuche people are recognized as original inhabitants of the region.

The Aflatoun Network is a participative and inclusive network of organizations who bring the programme to children. The Aflatoun programme is delivered by local partners at the country-level as they best understand the local context. They become the owners of the programme, contextualising the materials and training teachers. The Secretariat in Amsterdam serves as a resource centre for the partners to facilitate information flow and capacity building.

A new kind of participative decision-making is communication through the computer, sometimes referred to as "Decision-making through Computer-Mediated Technology". Although a relatively new approach, this way can involve endless possibilities in order to reach a major organizational decision. There is a significant increase in more active and equal member participation. Individuals can talk to many other individuals at any time, regardless of geographic location and time zone.

Since ILTs are implicit theories, meaning the individual is likely unaware of their biases, it is difficult for ineffective ILTs to be recognized and discarded. For example, Offermann et al. (1994) found that masculinity was a stable ILT across participants, sex, and stimuli. However, males tend to be more autocratic and task-oriented in leadership style, while females tend to adopt a more participative and relationship-oriented style.

She studied the effect that both had on workers, managers and organizational structures. She largely confirmed Drucker's predictions about the importance of flexible decentralized structure, work teams, knowledge sharing and the knowledge worker's central role. Zuboff also detected a new basis for managerial authority, based on knowledge (also predicted by Drucker) which she called "participative management".Zuboff, Shoshana In the Age of the Smart Machine, Basic Books, New York, 1988.

She only sang because she wanted to sing and to earn enough money for building a private house for her parents. She solely used to sing for bars, discothèque, acoustic cafe, and clubs to stabilize her regular income. When accomplishing the dream, Thu Minh decided to produce and release an album. That is why she almost appeared to be non-participative in Vietnam music and entertainment industry back to those days.

Rachel Gadsden is a UK-based visual artist and performance artist who is exhibited internationally and who works across the mainstream and disability art sectors. Gadsden has led a range of national and international participative programmes exploring themes of fragility and resilience. She has had a lung condition all her life and is injected by a syringe driver at one- minute intervals with the medication she needs to keep her alive.

From as early as the 1920s, scholars have been exploring the idea of increasing employee participation and involvement. They sought to learn if whether including employees in organizational decision-making would lead to increased effectiveness and productivity within the organization. According to Lewin, individuals who are involved in decision-making also have increased openness to change. Different participative techniques can have either a stronger impact on morale than productivity, while others have the reverse effect.

SPIP (Système de Publication pour l'Internet) is a free software content management system designed for web site publishing, oriented towards online collaborative editing. The software is designed for easy setup, use and maintenance, and is used in public and private institutions. The last P in the word SPIP stands for both Partagé (shared) and Participatif (participative), in the sense that the software is designed for collective online editing.CMS Critic Its mascot is a flying squirrel.

E.T.) book (with Noel Burch). The T.E.T. course has been offered around the world as a model that eliminates authoritarian teaching and punitive discipline in the classroom. Although it was a new idea in the 1950s, Gordon's Leader Effectiveness Training (L.E.T.) program became more popular in the 1970s with the increasing acceptance of participative management in the U.S. This course has been taught in hundreds of companies, including many of the Fortune 500.

Another Democracy is Possible () was a Spanish activist group (2003~2006), claiming for more democracy (fair electoral systems, participative and direct democracy, popular initiatives, and so on). It carried out several Trojan activities; for instance taking part of national, regional and local polls as an extraparliamentary Spanish political party. Not to ask for votes rather to promote its activist message by including its shocking logo into the electoral ballots and getting media visibility.

In a consensus participative decision-making style, the leader gives up complete control and responsibility of the decision and leaves it to the members of the organization. Everyone must agree and come to the same decision. This might take a while, but the decisions are among the best since it involves the ideas and skills of many other people. Teamwork is important in this style and brings members closer together while trust and communication increase.

Frederick "Fred" Edmund Emery (27 August 1925 – 10 April 1997) was an Australian psychologist. He was one of the pioneers in the field of organizational development (OD), particularly in the development of theory around participative work design structures such as self-managing teams. He was widely regarded as one of the finest social scientists of his generation.Alastair Crombie (1997) "Emery, Frederick Edmund (Fred) (1925–1997)" in ANU Reporter, 21 May 1997, p 7.

FIACAT represents the ACATs before the international and regional bodies with which it has consultative status before the United Nations (UN) and International Organization of la Francophonie (OIF), participative status at the Council of Europe and observer status before the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR). FIACAT also works in close collaboration with other non-governmental organisations for the defence of human rights as well as the Churches and religious congregations.

Additionally, according to the 2014 data published by URAP (University Ranking by Academic Performance), IUE is the best university in Turkey in the areas of Language, Communication and Culture. The university has the official aim to raise participative and creative individuals who are loyal to Atatürk's principles and revolutions. It is the first foundation university of Izmir and the Aegean Region. Izmir University of Economics is also the first specialization university of Turkey.

His Excellency, the Most Reverend Alejandro Olalia, wholeheartedly endorsed this new department. In 1980 the students of the Boys and Girls High School Departments were integrated into co-educational classes. The undertaking turned out to be a learning process for the administration, the faculty, and the students themselves. It was an attempt to answer the students’ felt need to relate in an atmosphere of friendship, participative discovery, and sharing of one's capabilities, abilities and talents.

Therapeutic community is a participative, group-based approach to long-term mental illness, personality disorders and drug addiction. The approach was usually residential, with the clients and therapists living together, but increasingly residential units have been superseded by day units. It is based on milieu therapy principles, and includes group psychotherapy as well as practical activities. Therapeutic communities have gained some reputation for success in rehabilitation and patient satisfaction in Britain and abroad.

The principal thinker of gremialism was the lawyer and professor and later an advisor of Pinochet, Jaime Guzmán. There has been a dispute on whether or not gremialismo thought has been influenced by Juan Vázquez de Mella. Gremialist Javier Leturia wrote about the origin of the movement as: :We [the gremialistas] were orderly, we were those that were not hippie, those that were not left-wing, those that were not potheads. I would say they [sic] were participative people.

Ayyguru Swamikal was a good astrologer and had also the siddhi to predict future events. His predictions that the younger Maharanis' son will become the last Maharaja, that North India will get separated, Ayyankali will be nominated to a participative administrative body to help the downtrodden, the day of his Samadhi etc. became true. Ayyankali was nominated to Sri Moolam Assembly and was honoured by the Rulers and later his statue was unveiled by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Research has examined whether or not there are sex differences in leadership, and these differences can be seen from a relationship based or task based perspective. Leadership is the process through which an individual guides and motivates a group towards the achievement of common goals. In studies that found a gender difference, women adopted participative styles of leadership and were more transformational leaders than men. Other studies that found no significant gender differences in leadership exist.

The Craslab is offered by Mains d’Œuvres for members of the public interested in learning and testing real-time interaction technologies. CrasLab tutors offer educative classes focusing on open-source hardware and free software to the likes of Freeduino and Pure data. Consecutively in 2006, 2007, and 2008, Mains d'Œuvres hosted The Mal Au Pixel festival of electronic art and subcultures, presenting original experiences based on interactive and participative works, hybrid performances, concerts and other unexpected encounters.

Full Interview In these artistic acts, no scene separates the actors from the spectators.Excerpts from the essay Art Participatif (Participative Art) written by Christian Caujolle and published in the book Women Are Heroes published by Alternatives in 2009. () After having exhibited in the cities from which JR's subjects came, the photos traveled from New York to Berlin, Amsterdam to ParisFull article "L'Ile Saint Louis nous regarde" ("L'Ile Saint-Louis Is Looking at Us") published in Libération 24 October 2009.

Still, some research has argued that EO does not enhance the performance for all firms. Instead, EO can be argued not to be a simple performance enhancing attribute but rather enhancing if it is applied under the right circumstances of the firmChirico, F., Sirmon, D.G., Sciascia, S. and Mazzola, P. (2011), Resource orchestration in family firms: investigating how entrepreneurial orientation, generational involvement, and participative strategy affect performance. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 5: 307-326. doi:10.1002/sej.121 .

Towards the end of each season, for competitions such as the Ideal Holiday Girl and the Adult Talent Contest, the winners of each particular week throughout the season competed in the Grand Finals Weekend. After the early 1950s, entertainment at the camp became less participative and increasingly involved professional stage acts and eventually included high-profile performers such as Mike and Bernie Winters, Rosemary Squires, Tony Melody, Cy Grant, Lance Percival, Donald Peers, Kenny Ball and Tommy Cooper.

His high-flying acrobatic layups, daring rebounds, and other entertaining antics still play an important role in energizing Bucks fans at the BMO Harris Bradley Center. Since 2001, Bango has also made perennial appearances at the NBA All-Star Game. At the 2009 All-Star Weekend in Phoenix, Arizona, Bango suffered an injury during a mascot- participative skit. While standing on one basket's rim, Bango's right leg slipped through the hoop, and he fell on the rim.

Bishop Untener's career was marked by a consistent focus on egalitarianism in the church, ministry to the poor and participative liturgy. His liberal views often put him at odds with orthodox Catholics and with the Vatican. He was regarded as being sensitive to the viewpoints of liberal Catholics. His overall view was that one should keep an open mind, consider the logic of one's actions and how they affect the church, and reflect openly over controversial issues.

Einar Thorsrud (30 April 1923 – 29 May 1985) was a Norwegian psychologist, researcher and professor at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim and University of Oslo, who is known for his work in the field of organizational development (OD), particularly in the development of theory around participative work design structures.Heidi von Weltzien Høivik, Ph.D.(200), Developing, managing and sustaining moral values in organizations: a case study. Paper submitted to ISBEE Congress. Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 2000.

On January 6, 2016, Mihalache published her first book at Payange editions, Solange te parle, inspired by her experience on the Internet. On January 30, 2016, the screening of her feature film Solange et les vivants (screened between 2013 and 2014 and produced by participative financing) began at the Luminor Hôtel de Ville. The national projection began on March 9, 2016. In October 2016 she joined Le Fresnoy – National Studio of Contemporary Arts in the promotion of Chantal Akerman.

The X Party is a transversal initiative that cannot be defined ideologically merely on the left-right axis. Rather, it is a method. The party's website states that their goal is to use the party as a means to help move towards a more direct and participative form of democracy, one based on pragmatism and compromise, also known as a "pact of minimums". Their working method is based on open source principles, free culture and free information.

In 1978 Formby defeated two League sides to become the first non-league side to win the Liverpool Senior Cup since 1897. Griffiths picked himself as a player for the first few years at Formby, including playing a match in goal, but the habit waned as he aged and the strength of his squad increased. Nonetheless he is remembered as being a very fit and participative manager in training even late in his Formby tenure at the turn of the 1980s.

Modern industrial economies have adopted several aspects of industrial democracy to improve productivity and as reformist measures against industrial disputes. Often referred to as "teamworking", this form of industrial democracy has been practiced in Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK as well as in several Japanese companies such as Toyota, as an effective alternative to Taylorism. The term is often used synonymously with workplace democracy, in which the traditional master-servant model of employment gives way to a participative, power-sharing model.

Compass Youth is an autonomous organisation which aims to engage young people to find out what issues really matter, develop their skills to turn ideas into action as well as organise and champion campaigns young people can get involved in. It is best known for its campaigning on Votes at 16, its participative manifesto debates and Love Difference festivals. It has developed right across the country represented regionally and on university campuses. It also has its own YouTube, Facebook, Flickr and Netvibes channels.

Lawful speculation, however, could then be processed by the new Greek or Goethean participative (coadunative, compresent) capacity (Gemüt), and worked up into a phenomenological presentation. Reason without the focus on sense experience is “pure reason” (Rudolf Steiner's “pure thinking” or pure sinnen) and in that condition, reason is able to make contact with and be irradiated itself by wisdom. Copernican reason (Aristarchus) allowed us to comprehend the universal verus the Ptolemaic intellect which kept us 'earthbound' in terms of our point of reference.

Together with the children's charity, terre des hommes, Welthungerhilfe regularly publishes the Report on the Reality of Development Aid.[6] Welthungerhilfe is a member of VENRO, the Association of German Development and Humanitarian Aid NGOs. Together with the Alliance2015 network, an association of seven European aid organisations, it carries out political lobbying work at European level. It also promotes the appropriate debate of development politics topics in school lessons by providing teaching material, and offers a range of participative campaigns.

He utilizes the example of a participative manager listening to his subordinates in an empathetic manner. # The message that is received is the one that will bring action: The message that is sent and received is the one that will be acted up on. Redding states that the receiver will reference their personal experiences as a point of reference to act up on the message received. # Feedback (Responsiveness and Receptiveness): This postulate deals with feedback within an organization from both managers and subordinates.

Nyamweya's enormous contribution in form of comparative analysis and research, owing to his distinguished legal background, led to the development of watertight instruments difficult to abuse. The minister attained this level of perfection by applying a participative approach in form of extensive consultations among tripartite partners. Nyamweya was exceptionally good at ensuring that each lay draft was clear on the spirit of the proposed Act, which enabled the Attorney General's chambers to finalize draft bills emanating from his ministry quicker.

In late March Avruj reached an agreement with indigenous leaders to create a Consultative and Participative Council for Indigenous Peoples (Consejo Consultivo y Participativo de los Pueblos Indígenas). Claudio Avruj stated that by this agreement the indigenous representatives would end the camp at ESMA and would abstain from further similar protests as long as channels for dialogue remained open."Un Consejo de los Pueblos", Página 12, 26 March 2016. This Council was inaugurated on 15 July 2016, with Díaz appointed president.

Informatization has many far-reaching consequences in society. Kim (2004) observes that these include repercussions in economics, politics and other aspects of modern living. In the economic sphere, for example, information is viewed as a focal resource for development, replacing the centrality of labor and capital during the industrial age. In the political arena, there are increased opportunities for participative democracy with the advent of information and communication technology (ICT) that provide easy access to information on varied social and political issues.

On 25 May 2002 he was chosen as the candidate for the presidency of the Generalitat de Catalunya by the ICV-EUiA coalition. For that reason, he set up in 2002 a Participative Process and the "What do you think?" campaign, to define the axis of the party's program based on civil participation. In the elections of 2003, his party won 9 seats in the Catalan Parliament and he, after few months of negotiation, became Minister of Institutional Relations and Participation.

When the Treaty of Lisbon came into force on 1 December 2009, it provided a legal framework for interest representation in the form of Article 11 of the Treaty on European Union. This article regulates the details of participative democracy within the EU in the following sections: horizontal civil dialogue (Article 11(1) TEU), vertical civil dialogue (Article 11(2) TEU), the Commission's existing consultation practices (Article 11(3) TEU), and the new European Citizens' Initiative (Article 11(4) TEU).

Early television fathers were depicted as bumbling fathers in working-class families, for example, Homer Simpson (The Simpsons) or authoritative figures in suburban families, for example, Ward Cleaver (Leave It to Beaver). Over time, changing economic and political situations contributed to changes in family life. As women began to work outside the home and domestic gender roles were adjusted, the idea of the nuclear family changed. Fathers adapted to be more nurturing to their children and more participative in family and domestic roles.

It must be noted that virtual teams may be geographically and culturally dispersed. Thus, in order to foster close relationships in geographically dispersed team, leaders should encourage a variety of task related communication. E-leadership has also been investigated in more controlled settings. According to, controlled experiments on e-leadership suggest that participative leadership may be more suitable for generating solutions for un- or semi-structured problems while directive leadership may be more suitable for generating solutions for structured problems.

Originally a musician and sound designer, Donnarumma's early artworks include sound and video compositions for fixed media, web-based sound installations and participative concerts. In 2007, a collaboration with a butoh project by Latvian dance company I-Dejas created the foundations for his shift to body performance. Between 2007 and 2010, he explored hybrid forms of performance with computers and new musical instruments, playing multimedia performances with an augmented electric bass guitar, interactive software and live visuals in various configurations.

According to the Italian sociologist Roberto Cipriani, Parker's work analyzes with scientific rigor the relations and intersections between popular and official religion. It enables a complete knowledge of popular culture with an empathic and participative approach on the “culture of the poor”, revealing what Parker calls the "alternative logic" of popular culture. Parker also provides an extensive analysis of the relation between religion and politics from a democratic perspective. His thesis, however, has come under criticism from writers including Pedro Morandé and Jorge Larraín.

The Green European Foundation (GEF) was founded in 2008. Modelled on many successful national Green political foundations, the mission of GEF is to encourage European citizens to participate in European political discussions and to ultimately forge a stronger, more participative European democracy. The Green European Foundation organises debates, conducts research and publishes various documents concerning green politics. Though its main office is based in Brussels, GEF aims to reach out to people across Europe and in 2018 it organised 69 events in 17 different European countries.

His system connected a modified domestic TV to a real-time transaction processing computer via a domestic telephone line. He believed that videotex, the modified domestic TV technology with a simple menu-driven human–computer interface, was a 'new, universally applicable, participative communication medium — the first since the invention of the telephone.' This enabled 'closed' corporate information systems to be opened to 'outside' correspondents not just for transaction processing but also for e-messaging and information retrieval and dissemination, later known as e-business.

Potter (2006) also identifies critical- emancipatory approaches to program evaluation, which are largely based on action research for the purposes of social transformation. This type of approach is much more ideological and often includes a greater degree of social activism on the part of the evaluator. This approach would be appropriate for qualitative and participative evaluations. Because of its critical focus on societal power structures and its emphasis on participation and empowerment, Potter argues this type of evaluation can be particularly useful in developing countries.

This was a participative project that placed artists in developing urban areas to produce events or create art with local residents. The programme was run with both government and social services groups. This programme was criticised because, despite large investments, the events had low visibility and were held irregularly so they didn't create any lasting cultural dynamic. Resident associations also denounced the project for being promotional tool for urban development programmes that were actually rejected by many locals and the source of political conflict.

The Woodland Law (Ley de Bosques) makes the provinces responsible for the territorial order of their native woodlands (Orden Territorial de Bosques Nativos) through a participative process, categorizing the possible uses of wooded lands: from conservation to the possibility of transformation to agricultural ends, or the sustainable exploitation of the woods. Thus woodlands undergo zoning as follows: first category (red) areas of very high value for conservation that should never be cleared nor used for the extraction of timber, but kept as woodland forever.

He has been a frequent contributor to the Connected Learning Alliance blog on topics ranging from new media literacy to learning innovation. Rheingold lives in Mill Valley, California, with his wife Judy and daughter Mamie. In an entry on his video blog, he provides a tour of the converted garage that became a "dream office" and an "externalization of [his] mind" where Rheingold absorbs information, writes, and creates art. He contributed the essay "Participative Pedagogy for a Literacy of Literacies" to the Freesouls book project.

Substantive equality has been criticized for not having a clear definition. Sandra Fredman has argued that substantive equality should be viewed as a four-dimensional concept of recognition, redistribution, participation, and transformation. The redistributive dimension seeks to redress disadvantage through affirmative action, while the recognition dimension aims to promote the right to equality and identify the stereotypes, prejudice and violence that affect marginalized and disadvantaged individuals. The participative dimension uses Ely's insight to argue that judicial review must compensate marginalized individuals for their lack of political power.

The Boys' and Girls' Clubs of Wales have been delivering youth work now for over eighty years and is at the forefront of youth work within Wales. The main aim is to support and assist in the physical, educational and ethical development of young people, through their leisure time activities. Throughout all activities of the organisation the Boys' and Girls' Clubs make use of the 'Principles and Practice of Youth Work' and ensure that all our Youth Work remains Educative, Expressive, Participative and Empowering.

Ledhek/Tayub is a group of Javanese musicians and singer-dancers which was very popular due to their sensual gestures. Apart from the sensual gestures of the dancers, Tayup was/is also famous since they involve/invite the spectators to dance along with them. This kind of participative performance is rare in the Javanese context. Barongan is a Javanese version of Barongsay, the dance of Dragon, where the influence of Chinese culture can be seen from the form of the dragon, the use of the dominance red color.

The 9th edition of the Festival will be held in Cordoba, its new host city, and will offer 94 screenings coming from Africa as well as from the Arab countries, as a new feature in the event's programme. With the years, aside from cinema, the Festival has developed a wide range of associated activities such as visual art exhibitions, performances and participative workshops for children. The Festival programme also includes special screenings for the youth; this year around 6,000 children will participate. Since 2007, the Festival also features an area devoted to the film industry.

Habraken studied architecture at Delft Technical University, the Netherlands from 1948-1955. From 1965 to 1975, he was Director of SAR (Foundation for Architects Research) in the Netherlands, researching and developing methods for the design and construction of adaptable housing. In his seminal book "Supports" Habraken proposes the separation of "Supports" or base buildings from "Infills" in residential construction and design as a means of giving inhabitants a meaningful participative role in the design process. According to Habraken the implementation of his theory into practice is left to the decision of "the architects".

Although self managed teams (SMT) and bossless environments are not management styles, they are a style of management chosen by an organization. Like the Laissez-Faire management style, employees in these environments are highly skilled and motivated, but take it a step further as they are also highly educated, self directed, and know a great deal more about the work than management. SMT’s can report directly to directors or can have managers who follow the delegative, or participative style, but these teams require more leadership than management to remain productive.

Miša David (June 6, 1942 – May 6, 2000) was a prominent architect and urban planner, one of the pioneers of ‘participative urban planning’ idea in former Yugoslavia. He graduated from The Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade in 1966. After attending a specialist course at the Centre for Environmental Studies in London (1972), he completed his MS Degree at The Faculty of Architecture, Belgrade (1975). During his studies, together with a few of his close friends and colleagues, he created KMA (Klub Mladih Arhitekata – Association of Young Architects).

Starting in 2012, family planning and women's rights were added to the curriculum. Each summer, Uplift Humanity India sends large groups of high school and college students selected from across the United States to one of its programs in India. Once there, the students learn the specifics of the curriculum and start teaching in small groups in observation homes for about one month. Lessons are not conducted in a lecture format - rather, teaching is done in a participative manner that emphasizes role playing, games, and video-based lessons.

Franco appointed him afterwards National Counselor with seat in the Parliament. He resigned from this office in 1965. Meanwhile, in 1963 he founded Cuadernos para el Diálogo, a political and cultural magazine that was very relevant for the Spanish political life of the 1960s and 1970s because it hosted the moderate debate about the future evolution of Spain toward a more pluralistic, participative and European-minded situation. Cuadernos para el Diálogo was the most dissident option within the legal narrow framework of freedom of speech allowed during the last decades of Franco's reign.

The second dimension is "Consideration", which indicates the leader's ability to build an interpersonal relationship with their followers, to establish a form of mutual trust. These are considered "social oriented" behaviors.AAmodt (2015) The Michigan State Studies, which were conducted in the 1950s, made further investigations and findings that positively correlated behaviors and leadership effectiveness. Although they had similar findings as the Ohio State studies, they also contributed an additional behavior identified in leaders: participative behavior (also called "servant leadership"), or allowing the followers to participate in group decision making and encouraged subordinate input.

After third year, pupils have the option of taking a "transition year" or fourth year (usually at age 15-16). In transition year pupils take a break from regular studies to pursue other activities that help to promote their personal, social, vocational and educational development, and to prepares them for their role as autonomous, participative and responsible members of society. It also provides a bridge to enable pupils to make the transition from the more dependent type of learning associated with the Junior Cert. to the more independent learning environment associated with the senior cycle.

Since 1994, it became apparent that the building would need to be adapted to meet its needs for space and to become a cultural institution for a more demanding and participative audience. The project called for the museum to increase its offer of educational and cultural programs, as well as to add a gift shop and cafeteria in order to complement the increased range of cultural activities. However, the 1994 project never got off the ground. The shop and cafeteria were added in improvised spaces in the 1990s.

Participative democracy, built on transparency and everyday participation, has been used officially in northern Europe for decades. In the northern European country Sweden, public access to government documents became a law as early as 1766. It has officially been adopted as an ideal to strive for by the rest of EU, leading to measures like freedom of information laws and laws for lobby transparency. To promote transparency in politics, Hans Peter Martin, Paul van Buitenen (Europa Transparant) and Ashley Mote decided to cooperate under the name Platform for Transparency (PfT) in 2005.

Socios México/Centro de Colaboración Cívica, A.C.: is a non-governmental and non-profit association. Its vision is to reinforce democratic change in Mexico by using consensus methodologies such as dialogue, collaboration and conflict management within the different sectors of society. CCC's principal objective is to design and provide participative processes by taking the part of the subject and showing effectiveness and transparency; to design and carry out different courses focused on the development of abilities; and to mediate the resolution of disputes between different sectors (private, governmental and civil society).

The "overcoming resistance to change" experiment performed Coch and French has been criticized over the years, mostly in relation to the management and methodology of their research. When the psychologists started this experiment, they had been already working in the factory for several years and moreover employees were predisposed to respond well to the participative approach. Many critics claimed that the study in Harwood was an atypical case due to the fact that the owner of the factory was a certified psychologist who had a full interest and curiosity in conducting experiments in the factory.

St Patrick's College bases its education on Catholic and gospel values embodied in the Marist tradition and philosophy, which regards each student as a unique individual. The school fosters growth within a nurturing and sustaining environment in six facets: spiritual, academic, cultural, emotional, physical and social. Day by day this means involving all students in religious-education classes, retreats, liturgies and masses designed as participative opportunities for a lively faith suited to the young and involving them at all stages from preparation to celebration. The Church establishes the resources of the College to assist parents as the "first educators" of their children.

A tag cloud (a typical Web 2.0 phenomenon in itself) presenting Web 2.0 themes Web 2.0 (also known as Participative (or Participatory) and Social Web) refers to websites that emphasize user-generated content, ease of use, participatory culture and interoperability (i.e., compatible with other products, systems, and devices) for end users. The term was invented by Darcy DiNucci in 1999 and later popularized by Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004. The Web 2.0 framework specifies only the design and use of websites and does not place any technical demands or specifications on designers.

The publication that we present contains the policy paper on local social inclusion promoted by the Committee on Social Inclusion, Participative Democracy and Human Rights of United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG). This paper presents the main policy guidelines that cities are recommended to follow when designing and developing public policies for social inclusion. Along the same lines, its objective is to help the position of UCLG on this matter and direct its discourse toward other international agencies and organizations. This document was approved by the UCLG World Council, which took place between 27 and 30 November 2008 in Istanbul.

The 1901 census showed that the population of the colony was 63,438. In 1917 T.A. Marryshow founded the Representative Government Association (RGA) to agitate for a new and participative constitutional dispensation for the Grenadian people. Partly as a result of Marryshow's lobbying the Wood Commission of 1921–1922 concluded that Grenada was ready for constitutional reform in the form of a 'modified' Crown Colony government. This modification granted Grenadians from 1925 the right to elect 5 of the 15 members of the Legislative Council, on a restricted property franchise enabling the wealthiest 4% of Grenadian adults to vote.

Façade of the Premià de Dalt MuseumThe aim of Premià de Dalt Museum is to compile, study and disseminate the rich heritage of Premià de Dalt (Maresme) to be found in archaeological, archival, architectural and urban elements. The museum, which is part of the Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network, is based on a project to create a museum that is open, fun and participative. The museum is located in one of the buildings of the Mas Figueres estate, dating back to the 13th century, although the area the museum is housed in seems to be from the 15th century.

Non-participative development theatres produced by Theatre Formation Paribartak include Tia (for encouraging people to donate blood to blood banks) and Roopkatha (for promotion of the Child Helpline no. 1098). Theatre Formation Paribartak has also produced Machhi (মাছি) written by Mohit Chattopadhyay and two more street-theatres - Machine (written by Safdar Hashmi) and Jhilik (ঝিলিক) but it does not run these productions. The theatres Lakshmaner Shaktishel, Himmatwala, Ekti Uttar Adhunik Samajik Pala, Pratahkritya and Titumir were produced by an autonomous body of freelancing actors and technicians brought together by Theatre Formation Paribartak and facilitated by Joyraj Bhattacharjee.

Participatory democracy or participative democracy emphasizes the broad participation of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems. Etymological roots of democracy (Greek demos and kratos) imply that the people are in power and thus that all democracies are participatory. However, participatory democracy tends to advocate more involved forms of citizen participation and greater political representation than traditional representative democracy. Some scholars argue for refocusing the term on community-based activity within the domain of civil society, based on the belief that a strong non-governmental public sphere is a precondition for the emergence of a strong liberal democracy.

New York: NY: Worth Publishers, p. 372-373 In early studies, from the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was found that women adopted participative styles of leadership and were more transformational leaders than men who adopted more directive and transactional styles of leadership. Women in management positions tended to place more emphasis on communication, cooperation, affiliation, and nurturing than men as well as having more communal qualities. Communal leadership behaviors tend to be more open, fair, pleasant and persons in these roles show responsibility. According to these studies, men were seen to be more “agentic” and be more goal and task oriented.

Citizen science in Coral reef studies developed in the 21st century. Underwater photography has become more popular since the development of moderate priced digital cameras with waterproof housings in the early 2000s, resulting on millions of pictures posted every year on various websites and social media. This mass of documentation has great scientific potential, as millions of tourists possess a much superior coverage power than professional scientists, who cannot spend so much time in the field. As a consequence, several participative sciences programs have been developed, supported by geotagging and identification web sites (such as iNaturalist.org).

Russell Ackoff started his career in operations research at the end of the 1940s. His 1957 book Introduction to Operations Research, co-authored with C. West Churchman and Leonard Arnoff, was one of the first publications that helped define the field. The influence of this work, according to Kirby and Rosenhead (2005), "on the early development of the discipline in the USA and in Britain in the 1950s and 1960s is hard to over-estimate". In the 1970s Ackoff became one of the most important critics of the so-called "technique-dominated Operations Research", and starting proposing more participative approaches.

Eric Gairy, first Prime Minister of Grenada In 1877 Grenada was made a Crown colony. Theophilus A. Marryshow founded the Representative Government Association (RGA) in 1917 to agitate for a new and participative constitutional dispensation for the Grenadian people. Partly as a result of Marryshow's lobbying, the Wood Commission of 1921–22 concluded that Grenada was ready for constitutional reform in the form of a modified Crown colony government. This modification granted Grenadians the right to elect five of the 15 members of the Legislative Council, on a restricted property franchise enabling the wealthiest 4% of adult Grenadians to vote.

The validity of youth work approaches are based on whether they are educational, participative, empowering, promotes equality of opportunities, etc. The basic principles of youth work are respecting young people, providing accessible and value oriented opportunities (genuinely useful) for voluntary participation, accountability, being anti-oppressive (e.g. social model of disability, unconscious bias training) in processes, confidentiality, reliability, trustworthiness, and being ethical in keeping boundaries. In the UK and elsewhere, the main distinction is usually made between statutory, those who work as part of a government run initiative, and non-statutory, those that work in any other context.

Anzac Day selfies, memes, virtual reality Anzac avatars, Facebook posts and Tweeting are part of a new participative, and immersive experience of the day. Digital media have "personalised" the experience of Anzac Day, focusing on "sharing" the activities online. In a time when the line between being "online" and "offline" is increasingly blurred, there has been a turn towards commemorative activities that seek to generate empathy and connection between contemporary audiences and historical subjects through digital media. Leading news organisations such as the ABC and News Corp "live tweeted" and "Facebooked" the original Anzac landings in 2015.

Question that need to be asked here are, if the search for a reposition strategy should be participative and decentralized or secretive and centralized or intuitive and incremental or analytic and rational. Here, the selection must be made quickly, since a second turnaround may not be possible after a new or existing poor performance. This means, that a compressed strategy process is necessary and therefore an extensive participation and analysis may be precluded. The same applies to the public sector, because the public authorities are highly visible and politically under pressure to rapidly implement a recovery plan.

Over the last 5 years they have been awarded more than a dozen public commissions, in Ireland, Britain and France, each involving a participative process as well as the creation and installation of one or several permanent artworks. Their recent exhibitions include a 9-month show of three installations at the Casino at Marino, Dublin in 2013; a show in Spring 2013 celebrating the Irish presidency of the EU with installations at Hôtel de Ville, Paris and at the Irish College in Paris; and a show of five "Meta-perceptual Helmets" at the Natural History Museum (Ireland) in November 2014.

Kumar has the ability to lead from the front and get optimum work on a real-time basis out of a huge organisation like the Police which is always under tremendous pressure to perform from all quarters. He believed in team-work, co-ordination and participative model of leadership. Heading huge police organisations and running them successfully has provided him a wealth of expertise in management & welfare aspects of subordinate formations as also in the fields of Personnel and HR management. He had tremendous experience in the fields of law and order, anti-insurgency investigation, intelligence, personnel management etc.

Traditionally, a show on British television would have referred to a light- entertainment program (BrE programme) with one or more performers and a participative audience, whereas in American television, the term is used for any type of program. British English traditionally referred to other types of program by their type, such as drama, serial etc., but the term show has now taken on the generalised American meaning. In American television the episodes of a program first broadcast in a particular year constitute a season, while the entire run of the program—which may span several seasons—is called a series.

Interrelated concepts to Commons-based peer production are the processes of peer governance and peer property. To begin with, peer governance is a new mode of governance and bottom-up mode of participative decision-making that is being experimented in peer projects, such as Wikipedia and FLOSS; thus peer governance is the way that peer production, the process in which common value is produced, is managed.Vasilis Kostakis (2010): Peer governance and Wikipedia. In: First Monday 3-1(15) Peer Property indicates the innovative nature of legal forms such as the General Public License, the Creative Commons, etc.

Ricardo Morales Hernández is a contemporary artist from San Juan, working on extemporaneous drawing narrating a personal, political and cosmic history. He uses analog, digital and biological media and is known for his paradisiac imagery reminiscent of the natural ecosystem of the colony of Puerto Rico. His works evokes musical notations and graphic systems and in occasions are fed by participative practices of volunteers on internet or nomad workshops. Historical relations can be traced from: primitive markings, medieval marginalia, neo-expressionism, concrete art , conceptual and post-digital aesthetics while at the same time questioning the dominant discourses of contemporary art.

McMaster was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia, he was a pupil at Kelvin Grove State School, and then at St Joseph's College, Gregory Terrace, he retired from participative sport in the late 1950s to become the owner of the Wallaby Hotel at Mudgeeraba, Gold Coast hinterland, he sold the hotel in 1979 and retired to Tallai, Queensland to concentrate on trotting, the horses were sold off in the early 1990s, he suffered a heart attack while attending a presentation ceremony by the Australian Rugby Union at the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre, and he died aged 82 in Brisbane, Australia.

On January 22, 2013, a committee of eleven citizens from nine EU countries officially launched the "European Citizens Initiative (ECI) to End Ecocide in Europe". The ECI is a tool created by the Lisbon Treaty to promote participative and direct democracy. It provides a way for EU citizens to initiate new laws or suggest amendments to existing legislation directly to the European Commission which is the institution which creates EU law. This particular initiative aimed at criminalizing ecocide, the extensive damage and destruction of ecosystems, investments in activities causing ecocide and denying market access to the EU for products derived from ecocidal activities.

It is not clear however if this provides less opportunity for the authorities to abuse the system for their own interests. Pdf. When military authorities classify their plans as secret, transparency is absent. This can be seen as either positive or negative; positive because it can increase national security, negative because it can lead to corruption and, in extreme cases, a military dictatorship. While a liberal democracy can be a plutocracy, where decisions are made behind locked doors and the people have fewer possibilities to influence politics between the elections, a participative democracy is more closely connected to the will of the people.

The participative dimension may also implement positive duties to ensure that all those affected by discrimination can be active members of society. Lastly, the transformative dimension recognizes that equality is not achieved through equal treatment and that the societal structures which reinforce disadvantage and discrimination must be modified or transformed to accommodate difference. The transformative dimension may use both positive and negative duties to redress disadvantage. Fredman advocates for a four-dimensional approach to substantive equality as a way to address the criticisms and limitations it faces due to the lack of agreement on its definition by scholars.

Under the vertical articulation program of CHED, the administration of the graduate programs in Education was transferred from the Institute of Graduate Studies to the Institute of Education in 2007. To date, the Institute has graduated thousands who are actively engaged in the teaching profession not only as teachers and professors in public and private institutions of learning here and abroad but also as school administrators, researchers, authors of textbooks and other learning materials, as well as officials of government. FEU - IE takes pride in its participative students, its committed faculty, and its highly qualified leaders.

In 1970, moderates initially led the student movements but due to the dynamics of the political conflicts, radicals soon gained the upper hand in these movements. The expansion of higher education and the atmosphere present in the country at that time gave way for Filipino students to become increasingly critical and collectively engaged. It is worth noting that students were at the forefront of several movements and even became the most active and participative group in the scene of politics. In the years 1970 and 1971 alone, student activists participated in 214 demonstrations and 39 class boycotts, and as reported in The Manila Times, issued 72 statements.

Industrial democracy is an arrangement which involves workers making decisions, sharing responsibility and authority in the workplace. While in participative management organizational designs workers are listened to and take part in the decision-making process, in organizations employing industrial democracy they also have the final decisive power (they decide about organizational design and hierarchy as well). In company law, the term generally used is co-determination, following the German word Mitbestimmung. In Germany, companies with more than 2000 employees (or more than 1000 employees in the coal and steel industries) have half of their supervisory boards of directors (which elect management) elected by the shareholders and half by the workers.

The Association is one of the oldest minority educational institutions and is having a multi-level educational system ranging from school to Post Graduate and Research, covering several fields of studies with a sound financial resource-base. The Association is backed by a democratic, participative management system and is under the leadership of individuals drawn from educational, industrial and other walks of life. The trust manages The New College in the city of Chennai along with MEASI Matriculation Higher Secondary School, New College Institute of Management, MEASI Academy of Architecture, Institute of Research in Soil Biology & Bio-Technology, MEASI Urdu Academy and MEASI Institute of Information Technology, MEASI C.A. Academy.

Production started in January 1938, and the car was formally launched on 2 March 1938 with a dinner and presentation for the specialist press in the fashionable Bois de Boulogne district of Paris. The previous autumn, at the 1937 Paris Motor Show, Peugeot had staged a massive "referendum" among visitors to the show stand to find out what customers expected from the new small car then under development. It is not clear whether there would still have been time to incorporate any of the suggestions of the public in the car as launched, but the participative nature of the exercise certainly generated positive pre-launch publicity for the 202.

These private communities can also engage customer groups or target consumers who might be difficult to reach using traditional off-line methodologies. Consumers enjoy this new, more participative research approach and the interaction with other users re-introduces the social context often missing from other research approaches that conceive of the consumer as an isolated individual. Brands also benefit from online communities by having them on-hand to answer questions, test hypotheses, and observe. Online technology can adapt to almost any research need, be it showing creative stimulus material, gathering ideas for innovation and co-creation or simply an instant 'go/no go' needed.

This was the line of the early founders of the party, notably Marcello Dell'Utri and Antonio Martino. However Claudio Scajola and most former Christian Democrats supported a more capillary-based organisation, to make participate as much people as possible, and a more collegial, participative and democratic decision-making process. In a 1999 study, political scientists Jonathan Hopkin and Caterina Paolucci likened the organisational model of the party to that of a business firm, describing it as having "a lightweight organisation with the sole basic function of mobilising short-term support at election time". Several other authors have adopted this comparison, and have labeled Berlusconi as a "political entrepreneur".

86–88 After the Kristallnacht pogroms in November 1938, most Jewish and Zionist organizations aligned with Britain and its allies to oppose Nazi Germany. After this time the organized assistance by the Gestapo to the Jewish organizations who transported European Jews to Palestine became much more sporadic, although bribery of individual Germans often help accomplish such operations even after official policy discouraged them."The Holocaust" (1968) Al-Husseini opposed all immigration of Jews into Palestine. His numerous letters appealing to various governmental authorities to prevent Jewish emigration to Palestine have been widely republished and cited as documentary evidence of his collaboration with the Nazis and his participative support for their actions.

The Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea (Spanish: Asociación para el Comercio Justo y Solidario Pangea) is a secular human development non- governmental organization best known for its work on fair trade and Food sovereignty. It was founded in 1995 by a group of former volunteers looking for a new way to spread their views on fair trade, responsible consumption and social action in Santiago de Compostela and Galicia."P.1 It is governed in a participative and democratic way by its members, who organized in commissions, vote and discuss its decisions. Apart from the general annual assembly, it has open and public weekly meetings in the head office."P.

Frias Filho wrote six theatre plays, three of which were published under the title “Tutankaton” (Editora Iluminuras, 1991), accompanied by essays on culture. Four of those plays were staged in São Paulo: “Típico Romântico” (1992), “Rancor” (1993), “Don Juan” (1995) and “Sonho de Núpcias” (2002). He wrote “Queda Livre” (Companhia das Letras, 2003), collecting pieces labeled as “participative investigations” - seven essay-length reports on experiences that entail psychological risk. He also wrote children's books - “O Livro da 1ª Vez” (Cosac Naify, 2004) and short stories that were published as part of children's collections “O Livro dos Medos” (1998) and “Vice-versa ao Contrário” (1993), both by Companhia das Letrinhas.

The term learner-generated context (LGC) is grounded in the premise that learning and teaching should not start with the embracing of new technologies, but rather that it is a matter of contextualising the learning first before supporting it with technology.Luckin, R. et al.,(2007) Learner-Generated Contexts: sustainable learning pathways through open content , OpenLearn07 Conference , Milton Keynes The concept finds its roots in the affordances and potentials of a range of disruptive technologies and practice; web 2.0 and participative media, mobile learning, learning design and learning space design. It is also concerned with related issues in social interactions with technology around roles, expertise, knowledge, pedagogy, accreditation, power, participation and democracy.

PARLACEN is the regional assembly of SICA and acts as a permanent political organ to represent opinions and to carry out analyses and discussions about political, economic and cultural affairs of common interest, of basic conditions for democracy, peace, and the integration of Central America, as well to work out initiatives for its realization. It is charged with furthering human rights and international law, to achieve a peaceful coexistence within the framework of security and social welfare, a mission which is well-founded in representative and participative democracy, in pluralism, and in respect for national legislation and international law. PARLACEN has the status of a legal entity according to international law.

Constantly drawn towards testing social science theory in field settings, he and Eric Trist, one of his closest intellectual collaborators, and other colleagues, established "open socio-technical systems theory" as an alternative paradigm for organisational design – field-tested on a national scale in Norway, in partnership with Einar Thorsrud. After his return to Australia, he set about designing a new method to bring in jointly optimised sociotechnical systems, one designed for diffusion of the concept rather than proof that there was an alternative to autocracy in the workplace. That method is called the Participative Design Workshop and has been used in Australia and many other countries since 1971.

Meanwhile, the concept of creative tourism has been picked up by high-profile organizations such as UNESCO, who through the Creative Cities Network, have endorsed creative tourism as an engaged, authentic experience that promotes an active understanding of the specific cultural features of a place. UNESCO wrote in one of its documents: "'Creative Tourism' involves more interaction, in which the visitor has an educational, emotional, social, and participative interaction with the place, its living culture, and the people who live there. They feel like a citizen." Saying so, the tourist will have the opportunity to take part in workshops, classes and activities related to the culture of the destination.

On July 15, 2016, the Consultative and Participative Advice of Indigenous Peoples program was officially created. During the next two days, nearly 300 indigenous community members and leaders attended meetings and debates in order to establish internal rules and design an executive commission within the program. Relmu Ñamku was designated Secretary General while Félix Díaz was chosen as president of the organization. Besides these two leaders, four vice-presidents were selected in order to represent the four historic regions of Argentina: Faustino Lencina in Central Argentina, Jorge Palomo in Northeast Argentina, Margarita Mamani and Rolando Flores in Northwest Argentina and Rubén Huanque in Southern Argentina.

In contrast to reformist social democracy and to Leninism, the central argument of council communism is that democratic workers councils arising in factories and municipalities are the natural form of working class organisation and governmental power. This view is also opposed to the social democratic and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, with their stress on parliaments and institutional government (i.e. by applying social reforms) on the one hand and vanguard parties and participative democratic centralism on the other. The core principle of council communism is that the government and the economy should be managed by workers' councils composed of delegates elected at workplaces and recallable at any moment.

It is one of the participantsSee page 16 of journal "Le Nord" May 2011 . in the "A dragon in my garden" program, which is conducted in partnership with the French National Museum of Natural History."Un dragon dans mon jardin" is a campagne "Observatoire local de la biodiversité® organised in partnership with the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle". It is relayed by different organizations as the pôle- relais « zones humides » developed by the Fédération des Parcs Naturels Régionaux de France in its letter "à fleur d'eau " or in the book "Observons la nature" (page 10) of Tela-botanica which is collecting all the actions developed in participative sciences.

The Deccan Development society is projecting a working model for the people-oriented participative development in the areas of food security, ecological agriculture, and alternate education. It is also trying to reverse the historical process of degradation of the environment and people's livelihood system in this region through a string of land-related activities such as Permaculture, Community Grain Bank, Community Gene Fund, Community Green Fund and Collective Cultivation through land Lease etc. These activities, alongside taking on the role of Earth care, are also resulting in human care, by giving the women a new found dignity and profile in their village communities. The society is trying to relocate the people's knowledge in the area of health and agriculture.

The intellect is "the faculty of suiting measures to circumstances," or "the faculty judging according to sense." Intellect is linked initially to fancy, such that their functioning forms a law by which man "is impelled to abstract the changes and outward relations of matter and to arrange them under the form of causes and effects." This law is necessary for man's awareness and freedom, but if not conjoined with a new participative capacity (the Goethean Gemüt) would "prevent or greatly endanger man's development and progression." The intellect in man, as contrasted with animals, is the ability not only to obey rules, but to create them and to know what the term "rule" means.

Club Universitario was founded in 1924 as a sports club for the students of Rosario's four universities existing by then. The colors adopted were related to the representative color of each university, therefore they were red (Medical school), green (Engineering), blue (Law) and yellow (Economics), according to the act of foundation of the club. Nevertheless, sports teams of Universitario de Rosario have worn black and blue colors as their representative colors.Historia del Club on Universitario website Universitario was one of the most participative sports club in Rosario, having been founding member of some of governing bodies in the city, such as Rugby, Basketball, Athletics and Field Hockey Associations, as well as the Santa Fe Province Fencing Federation.

Bernard Noble (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1960), 75. For Scheler, such a primal essence is most characterized according to love, thus the way to achieve the most direct and intimate participation is precisely to share in the movement of love. It is important to mention, however, that this primal essence is not an objectifiable entity whose possible correlate is knowledge; thus, even if philosophy is always concerned with knowing, as Scheler would concur, nevertheless, reason itself is not the proper participative faculty by which the greatest level of knowing is achieved. Only when reason and logic have behind them the movement of love and the proper moral preconditions can one achieve philosophical knowledge.

From 1890 to around 1895, he edited and published La Solidaridad almost on his own because funds for the support of the fortnightly had become more and more difficult to raise in the Philippines. Del Pilar slowly lost hope in reforms and began to entertain the possibility of the Philippines separating from Mother Spain. Pining for his mother country and suffering from tuberculosis, Del Pilar died in Barcelona, Spain on July 4, 1896 at the age of 45. Like Plaridel, the recipient of this award must believe in the vision of a Philippine society that is egalitarian, participative, and progressive, and in media that are socially responsible, critical and vigilant, liberative and transformative, and free and independent.

Mr. Popov studied at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (2002-2003), Faculty of International Relations of the Bucharest National School of Political and Administrative Studies (1994-1996) and Faculty of Journalism and Communication Studies of the Bucharest University (1990-1994). In 2014 Popov was awarded the diplomatic rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. He is the Cavalier of the Order of the Officer's Cross of Merit of Hungary (2013), chairman of the Alumni association of the European Institute of Political Studies of Moldova (IESPM), Board member of the Association for Participative Democracy (ADEPT), alumni in the Young Munich Leaders Program (2011) and the graduate of the UK John Smith Fellowship Program (2009).

In contrast to other unionist parties, the UK Unionist Party was an integrationist party which believed that Northern Ireland should be governed from London with no regional home rule government and parliament. The UKUP was outspoken in its opposition to the Republic of Ireland having any participative role in the governance of Northern Ireland. It was also highly critical of the British Labour government of Tony Blair agreeing to Sinn Féin's participation in the Northern Ireland Executive prior to the Provisional IRA fully disarming. The party also opposed the re- organising of policing in Northern Ireland, which saw the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) being replaced by the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI).

It is worth mentioning that all the above development have been made with the limited available resources under the previous guidance and encouragement of the Worthy Inspector General, NH&MP; who has been taking personal interest to make the Training Institute a hub of learning and road model for all other Police Training Institute in the country. ;Training strategy After study of the current policing system and the culture... a comprehensive training strategy is devised to build a force which is honest, professional, dedicated and service – oriented. Main elements of the training strategy in NH&MP; are: • TNA to assess training needs • SWOT Analysis Training Techniques • Quality Instructors • Modern Techniques of Instruction 1.Syndicate/Participative System 2.

Since its inception in 1992, Richards was a guest at the School for Designing a Society in Urbana, Illinois. A premise of the school was that social change can be realized in a transformation from the current to a new society (a change of system), not only in improvements to the current society (changes in a system). Richards saw in the cybernetic concept of conversation a particular dialogic with special relevance to processes of design and participation; from this, he created an idea for a participative-dialogic society, a society without violence or at least one where violence is the alternative of last resort. This idea, he argued, would require a change of thinking.

The films focus on groups of young people engaged in participative activities (Graduate Show, Project For a Revolution and Magic & Loss) or sometimes single people (Where She Is At). Through this dialogue between individual and collective and between participation and apathy she looks into complex questions that are related the politics of humans interact with each other in general and the Swedish Folkhem ideals in particular.Making Things Happen, Polly Staple in Johanna Billing, Look behind Us A Blue Skye, Hatje Cantz Verlag Germany, Many of Johanna Billing's printed matters are made in collaboration with Åbäke. She participated in the 9th International Istanbul Biennial in 2005, a solo exhibition at the P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center in 2006ps1.

Fundacion Cambio Democrático: was established in 1998, Fundación Cambio Democrático (FCD) is an Argentine non- governmental and non-profit organization. Its mission is to stimulate communities' abilities through consensus building collaborative processes, for prevention and transformation of public disputes, promoting human development. In such areas as environmental, social, youth and local development, FCD seeks to promote the development of transparent and participative democratic practices in order to transform political decision making processes, and to create a sense of community by generating sustainable channels for dialogue. To this end, FCD develops consensus-building methodologies and processes (mediation, facilitation, collaborative planning) and trains diverse stakeholders (government,NGOs, private sector) in communication, consensus- building and conflict resolution and transformation.

Their work is focused on the processes of producing space and place from a bottom up perspective and emphasizes the importance of long-term thinking, participative decision-making processes and sustainable spatial and urban planning. The institute has become a leading non-governmental organization in Slovenia dealing with spatial and urban development. In 2009 the Institute for Spatial Policies started Network for Spatial Development (Slovene: Mreža za prostor), an initiative aimed to connect and strengthen the role of civil society in spatial and urban planning and related decision-making processes in Slovenia. The initiative was further extended in 2010 in partnership with the Legal Information Centre for the NGOs and Trajekt and now includes more than fifteen member organizations.

They also oppose the idea of a revolutionary party since council communists believe that a revolution led by a party will necessarily produce a party dictatorship. Council communists support a workers' democracy, produced through a federation of workers' councils. Accordingly, the central argument of council communism in contrast to those of social democracy and Leninist communism is that democratic workers' councils arising in the factories and municipalities are the natural form of working-class organization and governmental power. This view is opposed to both the reformist and the Leninism ideologies which respectively stress parliamentary and institutional government by applying social reforms on the one hand and vanguard parties and participative democratic centralism on the other.

At the 20th International Conference in Neue Hofburg, Vienna, from 2–9 October 1965, delegates "proclaimed" seven fundamental principles which are shared by all components of the Movement, and they were added to the official statutes of the Movement in 1986. The durability and universal acceptance is a result of the process through which they came into being in the form they have. Rather than an effort to arrive at agreement, it was an attempt to discover what successful operations and organisational units, over the past 100 years, had in common. As a result, the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent were not revealed, but found – through a deliberate and participative process of discovery.

In 1992, he was elected mayor of Belo Horizonte, with Célio de Castro (PSB) as Vice Mayor, defeating former mayors Maurício Campos (PL), whom was defeated in the second round, and Sérgio Ferrara (PMDB), besides the then federal deputy Aécio Neves (PSDB), who finished in 3rd place. His term as mayor was marked with structural reforms in the city administration, with changes in the city hall organization, in the public planning, and in the public politics, engaging in an agenda of social development, with politics of fight against povert, of food security, of promotion of jobs and income, besides investments in education and health. Implemented, also, the participative budget. His administration was awarded by the United Nations Organization as model of public administration.

It has thus become the communication channel between the political debates held in these events and UCLG, and has undertaken its own political initiatives based mainly on two areas: social inclusion and participatory democracy. A third area, human rights, was added to the Committee's work soon afterwards, and was extensively developed with the production of two documents, the Global Charter-Agenda for Human Rights in the City (formally adopted by the Florence UCLG World Council in 2011) and the European Charter for the Safeguarding of Human Rights in the City (Saint- Denis, 2000). As a result, five years after it was established, the Committee on Social Inclusion and Participative Democracy has renamed itself as follows: Committee on Social Inclusion, Participatory Democracy and Human Rights.

The Committee on Social Inclusion, Participative Democracy and Human Rights of UCLG is especially grateful for the key contributions made to the draft of this paper by the Centre for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, the European Observatory Cities and Towns for All; the cities of Cordoba, Barcelona, Terrassa (Spain), Ecatepec de Morelos (México), Guarulhos (Brazil), Villa El Salvador (Peru), Nanterre, Saint-Denis, Plaine Commune (France), Junín (Argentina), Cotacachi (Ecuador) and Eldoret (Kenya); Malaga Provincial Council (Spain) and the Province of Milan (Italy); the Andalusia cooperation fund FAMSI (Spain), the Forum of Local Authorities (FAL) and the Forum of Peripheral Local Authorities (FALP); the UCLG committees on Peripheral Cities, City Diplomacy, Urban Mobility and Urban Strategic Planning; and UCLG World Secretariat.

In 1972 Crow, with her husband, was jointly awarded a Robin Boyd Information Award by the Victorian Chapter of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects for 'consistently valuable and perspective contributions to the literature of planning issues in Melbourne' for her work on "Plan for Melbourne Parts 1, 2 and 3", "Irregular", and elsewhere. In 1973 Crow, with her husband, was jointly awarded the Barrett Medal by the Town and Country Planning Association for 'notable contribution to planning'. In the late 1970s Crow was made a Life Member of Community Child Care in recognition of her contribution to establishing the organisation. In 1993 Crow was made a Member of the Order of Australia for 'service to the community through the promotion of participative environmental and social planning.

In 1973, the government 'obliged' the nine political parties of the time to fuse themselves into the Islamic United Development Party (PPP) and the nationalist Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). The only other participant for all the elections held during the New Order regime was Golkar, the "functional group".Ricklefs (1991) p276 In the run up to the election, the PPP worked hard to position itself as a party that was not extreme in its outlook, and that was not an opposition force, in an effort to bring about an open and participative political culture in which the party would play a more meaningful political role. Long before the election campaign, the PPP had decided on President Suharto as its presidential candidate for the 1993-1998 term.

Grace founded AMADE Mondiale, a Monaco-based non-profit organization recognized by the UN, after witnessing the plight of Vietnamese children in 1963. According to the UNESCO's website, AMADE promotes and protects the "moral and physical integrity" and "spiritual well-being of children throughout the world, without distinction of race, nationality or religion and in a spirit of complete political independence." The organization currently has cooperative branches across Europe, Asia, South-America, and Africa, and retains consultive status with UNICEF, UNESCO, and the United Nations Economic and Social Council, as well as participative status with The Council of Europe. Grace was active in improving the arts institutions of Monaco, forming the Princess Grace Foundation in 1964 to support local artisans.

There he was engineer in charge on the start-up of P&G;'s Manchester high pressure hydrolysis unit for making soap and on the start-up of P&G;'s first Standard Tower Unit for making synthetic detergents outside the US. More to the point, as a P&G; engineer he was responsible for applying P&G;'s long-established Just-in-Time Production Control Method. In 1957, as Head of Mechanical Methods and Planning, he led the first introduction of P&G;'s advanced participative industrial management methods outside the US. On a 1957 visit to the US Hopper met Prof. Peter Drucker, who stimulated his interest in the work of the Civil Communications Section during the American Occupation of Japan.

1982 Videotex Communications, Collected Papers Aldrich Archive, University of Brighton December 1982 His definition of the new mass communications medium as 'participative' [interactive, many-to-many] was fundamentally different from the traditional definitions of mass communication and mass media and a precursor to the social networking on the Internet 25 years later. In March 1980 he launched Redifon's Office Revolution, which allowed consumers, customers, agents, distributors, suppliers and service companies to be connected on-line to the corporate systems and allow business transactions to be completed electronically in real-time.1980 TV paves the way for Information Brokerage, Minicomputer News p. 12 London May 1980, the most comprehensive report of the March 1980 Press Conference launching the Redifon R 1800/50 computer system.

On 29 May 2014, the ANC, with other associations, presented at "El Born", the campaign "El País que Volem" (The Country we Want), an open participative process for citizens whose goal is to collect their proposals about how should Catalonia be when it becomes an independent state. The Catalan Assembly and Òmnium Cultural organized the 2014 edition of the demonstration of the Catalan national day in Barcelona. This demonstration formed a huge Catalan flag all along 11 kilometers between Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes and Diagonal avenue forming a big "V" for will ("voluntat"), voting and victory. According to police there were 1.8 million and according to organizations 2.5 million people to demand for a poll on 9 November 2014.

Thus, long before their numbers swelled and their own association was formed, Emery became one of Australia's outstanding Independent Scholars. By 1985 he had published at least another 15 journal articles (a flow which continued to his last year), and governments, enterprises, students, universities, and many others, from this country and elsewhere, continued to seek his expertise, and later continued as a consultant. In this later period, he and Merrelyn Emery refined the Search Conference participative planning process (designed by Fred Emery and Eric Trist in 1958). In the final two years of his life, he co-edited the third and final volume of the "Tavistock anthology" being published by the University of Pennsylvania Press – The Social Engagement of Social Science.

The work started since the first day, on the 14 August 2017, and the committee has drawn up an inventory of laws that undermine individual freedoms and equality and which are not in conformity with the Constitution and commitments of Tunisia in terms of human rights before entering in the proposal formulation phase. Simultaneously, the committee has chosen to adopt a participative and consultative approach by inviting public life actors to contribute to the project. Through this approach, ministries, political parties represented in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People and government, specialized civil society organizations, academics specializing in several disciplines (sociologists, scholars of University of Ez-Zitouna, etc.) were consulted and their contributions helped to move the work of the committee forward significantly.

Devised in collaboration with visual artists, architects, environmentalists and local food producers, the festival was a series of events, including a participative concert La Memoria dell'Acqua, which invited local people to become involved in the regeneration of old industrial buildings and change their perceptions of the neglected river area. Site-specific work includes an installation for Michelangelo Pistoletto's Arte al Centro exhibition in Turin, Italy, which is on a European tour, featuring so far in galleries in Amsterdam, Antwerp and Zurich. Other major installations integrating sound, art and performance include Safe and Sound, commissioned by Helix Arts for the City of Sunderland and Corridors of Power, selected for the International Society of Contemporary Music Festival and awarded the SPNM Butterworth Prize for new work.

His idea of a participative democracy, so close to the position of intellectuals like Paulo Freire or clerics as Frei Betto, makes way and is in total contradiction with the government proposed in Naples by the representatives of the Democrazia Cristiana (Christian Democratic Party). Even on a personal level, the return to the lay state seems to represent a natural step for him on his human journey, rather than an afterthought of sorts. He remains a member of the Congregation of San Filippo Neri as a laic and gets married. > «…I have never understood in what way the Kingdom of God could be incarnated > in public life as a clan of groups of human interest that would use God as > flag and tablecloth for their daily meal.

As such, the faculty (of a business school, note added by the editor) is challenged to develop their capacities as facilitators and coaches in order to effectively guide these collaborative learning and research processes. To do this, they must step back from their role as experts and rather serve as facilitators in an open, participative and creative process. Faculty training and development needs to include not only a broad understanding of global issues, but also the development of facilitation and coaching skills. The circular space of the collaboratory can become the preferred meeting place for citizens to jointly question, discuss and construct new ideas and approaches to resolve environmental, societal and economic challenges on both a regional and global level.

Started in January 2009, the Research Foundation for Governance in India (RFGI) is an Ahmedabad-based think tank. RFGI is a one-of- its-kind think tank in the area of law and governance, with the idea of the citizenry, and particularly the youth, to be more aware and participative to the legal processes in the country. The objective of the Foundation is to help create strong processes of governance and an awareness of citizenry, primarily through seeking reforms in the legal and political arena by involving youth from different spheres. RFGI aims to pursue this objective through spreading awareness of laws pertaining to governance, as well as by conducting research on key legal issues which affects governance of the country.

Throughout the world, many national, state and local governments have begun to establish coordinating and governing boards as both buffer and bridge to coordinate governance and institutional management. Administrative building at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore Due to the influences of public sector reforms, several authors (Kezar and Eckel 2004; Lapworth 2004; Middlehurst 2004) point out that next to the concept of shared and participative governance a new form of governance has emerged. According to Lapworth, the rise of the notion of corporate governance and the decline of the shared or consensual governance can be seen to be a result of the decline in academic participation, a growing tendency towards managerialism and the new environment where the universities are operating. University governance varies between countries.

The Mufti opposed all immigration of Jews into Palestine, and during the war he campaigned against the transfer of Jewish refugees to Palestine. No evidence has been forthcoming to show he was opposed to transferring Jews to countries outside the Middle East. The Mufti's numerous letters appealing to various governmental authorities to prevent Jewish refugees from emigrating to Palestine have been republished and widely cited as documentary evidence of his participative support for the Nazi genocide. For instance, Husseini intervened on 13 May 1943, before the meeting with Himmler when he was informed of the Holocaust, with the German Foreign Office to block possible transfers of Jews from Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania to Palestine, after reports reached him that 4,000 Jewish children accompanied by 500 adults had managed to reach Palestine.

Transactional aesthetics is an art practice based on using the exchange, the transaction of information material, process, data, artworks, as a medium. Benayoun, M., "The Art Collider, an ecosystem for transactional creation", conference Columbia University, New York City, NY, 1 February 2012 History of the concept: Maurice Benayoun developed the concept around the IN OUT project (2008), a participative experiment based on "connective creation" or "Peer to Peer" creation. With the development of the online, on-site project, it became soon The Art Collider, "a network of artworks" involving SFAI, San Francisco Art Institute, UC Berkeley, Cornell University and many other international partners such as ΑΑΟ project, Lina Stergiou, making artworks that feed each other, questioning the concept of intellectual property and ex nihilo creation.Benayoun, M., "Art Collider: Towards Transactional Aesthetics," in Lina Stergiou, ed.

Chief Allen was a proponent of having a viable (inter)relationship with the community, businesses, and city officials to work—collectively—towards true community policing. Allen associated a safe city with a vibrant, healthy, and participative community. Allen often remarked that he was fortunate to have had a diverse background as a youth and a qualitative education which collectively provided him an insight that enhanced his ability to communicate with others regarding their concerns associated with delivering professional police services to the neighborhoods. Chief Allen, who is generally credited as the primary author of the department's policies and procedures manual, was a structured, intuitive, analytical, no-nonsense administrator who endorsed formal and in-service education for all members of the department, coupled with wide-ranging specialized groups and teams of personnel, to attain mission accomplishments.

The chief spokesman for Romantic philosophy and the 'science of science' or epistemology, was Samuel Taylor Coleridge. An anonymous article (written by John Stuart Mill) published in the Westminster Review of 1840 noted that "the Romantic philosophy of Coleridge pervaded the minds and hearts of a significant portion of British intellectuals." Coleridge held that Bacon's view was that the secrets of nature, the inner essence that Bacon termed natura naturans, required a different "mode of knowing" from the intellect, but required a knowing that was "participative in its essence" and "above the ordinary human consciousness, a super-conscious mind." Here Coleridge refers to Bacon's idea of the 'Lumen siccum' - dry light or Platonic Idea that exists before and above any observation of nature, indeed directs and influences it - an organizing idea.

Lorsch (1974) The path-goal theory of leadership was developed by Robert House (1971) and was based on the expectancy theory of Victor Vroom.House (1971) According to House, the essence of the theory is "the meta proposition that leaders, to be effective, engage in behaviors that complement subordinates' environments and abilities in a manner that compensates for deficiencies and is instrumental to subordinate satisfaction and individual and work unit performance".House (1996) The theory identifies four leader behaviors, achievement-oriented, directive, participative, and supportive, that are contingent to the environment factors and follower characteristics. In contrast to the Fiedler contingency model, the path-goal model states that the four leadership behaviors are fluid, and that leaders can adopt any of the four depending on what the situation demands.

CESJ describes its policies and programs are applications of the three principles of economic justice Kelso and Adler explained in Chapter 5 of The Capitalist Manifesto: :• Participation. “Participation” or “participative justice” is the input principle that promotes the fundamental human right of every person to equal opportunity to live in a system that promotes their dignity and access to social means for empowering them to contribute their labor as well as their capital, to the production of marketable goods and services. : :• Distribution. “Distribution” or “distributive justice” is the out-take principle — based on the exchange value of one’s economic contributions — that all people have a right to receive a proportionate, market-determined share of the value of the marketable goods and services they produce with their labor, their capital, or both.

In the late 1950s, the company won a contract for designing and constructing "a small 1 MW swimming pool-type reactor" at the Soreq Nuclear Research Center in Israel, which for a short time helped the Israelis conceal the fact that they were also building a much larger reactor for military purposes elsewhere in the country with French assistance during the same time. Patterson encountered a prototype of an automatic bowling pin setter in the 1940s. To get the cash to develop the invention, Patterson swapped AMF stock to acquire eight small companies with fast-selling products. After incorporating key features developed by Leslie L. LeVeque, the AMF Pinspotter, perfected and put on the market in 1952, helped to turn bowling into the most popular US participative, competitive sport.

The Qom and other communities hoped that by protesting in this historically important site, they would gain more attention and ultimately be received by the Secretary of Human Rights, Claudio Avruj. At the end of March, the Department of Human Rights proposed the creation of a process of Consultative and Participative Advice of Indigenous Peoples (Consejo Consultivo y Participativo de los Pueblos Indígenas) which had been formed and supported by various indigenous leaders. Claudio Avruj, the secretary of Human Rights, affirmed that the agreement had been the result of meetings of the Council of Work and Dialogue between Indigenous Peoples and the National Government. Avruj also stated that Díaz promised to dismantle the campsite at the ex-ESMA provided that the government continued to consult indigenous communities and move forward with Macri's previously signed compromise.

Speaking at Hinchingbrooke hospital, Francis Maude, the Cabinet Office Minister, described the Circle model as "a third option which goes beyond the monopoly of state provision or the private sector". The British Medical Journal's description of Circle as "a John Lewis-style social enterprise co-owned by its employees" was challenged by Prof Martin McKee: "Staff shares amount to only 49% of the total number of shares, and the staff’s decision making powers are far less than even this suggests". However, the Nuffield Trust found “the company’s participative management style – based on devolving power and responsibility to the frontline – [to be] important in terms of motivating staff”, while the King’s Fund found that Circle was “developing the leadership skills and technical expertise for staff to test and implement service change”.

Austin additionally reformed the Faculty Senate into a more democratic and participative body, although according to Reynolds "it was still too large and too divided to be an effective instrument of governance". Thanks largely to the passage of Proposition 2, which created a Higher Education Assistance Fund to help finance construction at state universities in Texas, numerous campus buildings were renovated during the Austin years, although previous years of overbuilding precluded the need for new construction. The Field House, Gee Library, Memorial Student Center, Smith Hall, Whitley Gymnasium, Whitley Hall, and the Zeppa Center were all renovated or expanded during this era. Austin and his wife, Carol, also made strides in beautifying the campus, chiefly by securing an adequate water supply from Lake Tawakoni and planting numerous flowers, shrubs, and trees around the grounds.

Neuro-design is a method of design based on BCI, Brain- Computer Interaction. The Neuro-design is not the projection of mental images from the brain to machines but the assessment of dynamic forms through the observation of the designer's positive or negative emotions during the biofeedback process. Neuro-design is a form of physically-passive interaction based on a feedback loop between the computer-generated shape, considered as an artificial life form, and the brain considered as the ecosystem where the form should evolve to survive. The transmission of the resulting shape from one user another is a form of inheritance, and the dominant shape descriptors are inherited by the following designer creating a chain of iterations supposed to convert gradually an individual design into a collective process based on the participative assessment of the resulting shape.

Some organizations, such as BSAC, recommend that for snorkeling safety one should not snorkel alone, but rather with a "buddy", a guide or a tour group. Underwater photography has become more and more popular since the early 2000s, resulting in millions of pictures posted every year on various websites and social media. This mass of documentation is endowed with an enormous scientific potential, as millions of tourists possess a much superior coverage power than professional scientists, who can not allow themselves to spend so much time in the field. As a consequence, several participative sciences programs have been developed, supported by geo-localization and identification web sites, along with protocols for auto-organization and self-teaching aimed at biodiversity-interested snorkelers, in order for them to turn their observations into sound scientific data, available for research.

Also, Theory Z workers have a high need to be supported by the company, and highly value a working environment in which such things as family, cultures and traditions, and social institutions are regarded as equally important as the work itself. These types of workers have a very well developed sense of order, discipline, a moral obligation to work hard, and a sense of cohesion with their fellow workers. Finally, Theory Z workers, it is assumed, can be trusted to do their jobs to their utmost ability, so long as management can be trusted to support them and look out for their well being (Massie & Douglas, 1992). One of the most important pieces of this theory is that management must have a high degree of confidence in its workers in order for this type of participative management to work.

Beginning around the time of the First World War, the lakefront community quickly became a favored playground for gamblers, rum runners, and lakefront tourists alike, culminating during Prohibition, but continuing through the Second World War era. During these years, St. Clair Shores was the home to many popular roadhouses, blind pig and gambling establishments, as well as various, more family-friendly lakefront attractions, including the very popular Jefferson Beach Amusement Park. St. Clair Shores' lakefront location and proximity to Canada coupled with a receptive and often participative community made it an advantageous haven for rum runners and the area was actively involved in the rum running era of Prohibition. Local residents, politicians, and law enforcement of the era were known to sometimes conflict with both state and federal officials over their attempts to regulate these illegal, but economically vital activities within the community.

The mechanisms of popular participation established in the Constitution (Article 103) are voting, referendums, plebiscites, popular consultations (consulta popular), open council meetings (cabildo abierto), popular legislative initiative and recall (direct recall) (revocatoria del mandato, lit. revocation of mandate). The various other forms of political participation allowed by the Constitution besides regular elections give the 1991 Constitution its participative character. These forms of political participation are regulated by Law 134 of 1994 and Law 1757 of 2015, although articles 104 through 106 further specify that the President with the approval of all ministers and the Senate may consult the people on matters of national importance (article 104), that governors and mayors may likewise consult voters on issues falling under their jurisdiction (article 105) and detail the different forms of political participation at a local level (article 106).

The United Nations defines community development as "a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems." It is a broad concept, applied to the practices of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens, and professionals to improve various aspects of communities, typically aiming to build stronger and more resilient local communities. Community development is also understood as a professional discipline, and is defined by the International Association for Community Development as "a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes participative democracy, sustainable development, rights, economic opportunity, equality and social justice, through the organisation, education and empowerment of people within their communities, whether these be of locality, identity or interest, in urban and rural settings". Community development seeks to empower individuals and groups of people with the skills they need to effect change within their communities.

"L'Estelada Blava" (The Blue Starred Flag), the blue version of the pro- independence flag "L'Estelada Vermella" (The Red Starred Flag), the red version of the pro-independence flag After pro-independence parties won a majority of seats in the Catalan election on 27 September 2015, the Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia () was issued on 9 November 2015. The declaration declares the start of the process to create an independent Catalan state in the form of a republic and proclaims the start of a participative, open, integrating and active citizens' constituent process to lay the foundation for the future Catalan Constitution. The declaration was passed with 72 votes in favor, 63 against and 0 abstentions in the Parliament of Catalonia. On 9 June 2017, the Catalan government announced the date of the independence referendum.

Among the Foundation's political studies, you can find for instance studies dealing with the recomposition of the French political landscape., voters’ turnout and abstention,antinuclear and anti-GMO movements, the “zadiste” movement, extreme right movements, or populism.Quelle recomposition du paysage politique ?, le Monde, May 2, 2017« Partout, s’exprime une défiance croissante à l’égard des institutions de la démocratie », le Monde, November 2, 2017Des casseurs aux zadistes en passant par Nuit Debout, l'extrême-gauche est partout dans les médias mais combien de divisions réelles dans les urnes ?, Altantico, July 6, 2016En Autriche, l’extrême-droite est devenue «convenable», l'Opinion, December 17, 2017 In December 2016, in view of the presidential election, Fondapol participated in the launch of the participative site "Place de la santé", in partnership with the National Federation of French Mutuality and two other think tanks (the Jean Jaurès Foundation and Terra Nova).

The town of Totnes in Devon through its "Transition Town Totnes" Project has adopted an Energy Descent Plan, as a response in answer to the twin problems of greenhouse gas emissions and peak oil. As a result of a series of large, well attended public gatherings with key experts from around the world, and the organisation of a number of special interest groups, the community has come together with lecturers and trainers shared with Schumacher College, through a process of participative strategic planning, to hone their skills in project development. As a result of the initiatives in Totnes, a large number of other communities have started "Transition Town" projects, and there are now more than 400 around the world, ranging from small communities to whole cities (e.g. Berlin). The concepts of including food miles or carbon neutral labels on packaging has been gaining interest in the UK.

Reflecting the progressive acknowledgement of the limits of a strictly national approach to migration questions at a global level, there was widespread recognition and support in the UN at the HLD 2006 for an open and transparent dialogue on migration and development, in an informal, non-binding and state-led framework that would promote practical, evidence-based outcomes and cooperation between governments as well as non-government stakeholders. From this idea, the GFMD was born, hosting its first Summit meeting in 2007 under the direction of the first GFMD Chair, Belgium. The GFMD has since remained as the largest informal, non-binding, voluntary and government-led process, bringing together expertise from all regions and countries at all stages of economic, social and political development. Since its inception, the GFMD has operated on the basis of a unique participative working method, involving governments and policy makers from a varied background.

For humans, those tendencies lead to an error in development: we create collective units that are based on the oppression of some individuals and on the inflated egos of others. This is for Koestler an error of transcendence that is reflected in a poor integration of our reptilian brain and cognitive brain. A superposition of forces manifests, at each bodily holon, as the outcome of an entire hierarchy of forces—ontogenetic, habitual, linguistic prescriptive, and social science—operating in a continuum of independent feedback and feedforward streams of a body extended to its larger environment. The streams are fed by the life signals of each and every group member, and this fully participative medley is the spirit of life one senses as a ghost; but this spirit is just a simplified output of a complex knowledge set; it is emergent from the complexity of the group's rules and strategies.

The incubator for participatory democracy is based on an alliance of democracy innovators, brought together by the Council of Europe at the World Forum for Democracy. Its purpose is to connect city governments in Europe and beyond with democracy innovators to replicate and scale up democratic innovations. The incubator supports initiatives - digital and offline - that contribute to the redistribution of political power towards citizens, and that support the broadest possible citizen participation in the cities’ decision-making procedures. The incubator builds an open infrastructure to boost democracy for inclusive and innovative cities. In the frame of World Forum for Democracy 2015, 30 experts, researchers, elected representatives from cities, social and democratic innovators, grassroots activists and civil servants gathered in a so-called “Hackaton” - a collaborative workshop where they thought about and discussed the best ways to support the development of transparent, participative and collaborative democracy.

Fernando Lugo (President of Paraguay), Evo Morales (President of Bolivia), Lula da Silva (President of Brazil), Rafael Correa (President of Ecuador) and Hugo Chávez (President of Venezuela) on 29 January 2009 Socialism of the 21st century () is an interpretation of socialist principles first advocated by German sociologist and political analyst Heinz Dieterich and taken up by a number of Latin American leaders. Dieterich argued in 1996 that both free- market industrial capitalism and 20th-century socialism in the form of Marxism–Leninism have failed to solve urgent problems of humanity such as poverty, hunger, exploitation of labour, economic oppression, sexism, racism, the destruction of natural resources and the absence of a truly participative democracy.Heinz Dieterich: Der Sozialismus des 21. Jahrhunderts – Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Demokratie nach dem globalen Kapitalismus, Einleitung Socialism of the 21st Century – Economy, Society, and Democracy in the era of global Capitalism, Introduction.

The works on social administration are the result of the years M. Borrelli spent at the London School of Economics to obtain a Master in Social Administration. From the socio-political analysis of the sub-proletarian reality of Naples (1973) to the basic concepts for a communitary action on the urban underclass (1974) we find the basic principles, which inspired M. Borrelli in all his activities at the Materdei Community Centre. In addition, between 1969 and 1978, his idea of a participative democracy was a guideline for all his actions of social intervention among the people of the lower classes of the Neapolitan population: the CCM (Materdei Community Centre) worked for the awareness of the underclass taking inspiration from the method of Paulo Freire. Extremely interesting are the essays focused on the relationship between school and capitalistic development in Italy (1972) e Italian compulsory schooling and mental retardation (1978).

Ensuring participation in project design and management of the Lacandon people, other indigenous groups, and their organisations, was especially difficult. Criticism on Prodesis in relation to counter-insurgency or low intensity conflict can be broadly divided along 3 dimensions: 1] in relation to the history of marginalization of indigenous people and landless peasants in Chiapas 2] in relation to the history of social development policy in Chiapas 3] in relation to globalization, Plan Puebla Panama and the European involvement in Prodesis Many do believe that, under the guise of a development project (aimed at poverty reduction and protecting the environment), Europe's real motive to cooperate in Prodesis would be to secure European trade and investment in Mexico. Since social or political instability (or perceived instability) would pose a threat to the economic partnership, the EU would contribute to a counter-insurgency project. This would contradict Prodesis' emphasis on participative democracy.

An SUP process, according to Borja and Castells is: The definition of a city project that unifies diagnoses, specifies public and private actions and establishes a coherent mobilization framework for the cooperation of urban social actors. A participative process is a priority when defining contents, as this process will be the basis for the viability of the objectives and actions proposed. The result of the Strategic plan should not necessarily be the creation of regulations or a government program (although its adoption by the State and Local Government should mean the instigation of regulations, investment, administrative measures, policy initiatives, etc) but rather a policy contract between public institutions and civil society. For this reason, the process following the approval of the plan and the monitoring and implementation of measures or actions is just as or more important than the process of elaboration and consensual approval.

Each program addresses a particular topic on the electoral process such as political participation of marginalized groups, gender equality, and media in election management, giving the participants a chance to consider overlooked elements that may affect the fairness of their election management. · Country Programs Country Programs aim to strengthen the accuracy in election processes by improving systems related to election management and support the establishment of ‘good governance’ based on the needs and demands of EMBs. · Election Visitor Program A-WEB Election Visitor Program aims to increase understanding of different election systems and to share and spread better practices and the use of ICT in elections through observing election administration of member EMBs, as the article 4.1. of A-WEB charter; Encourage the development and promotion of a democratic culture and an environment conducive to the holding of free, fair, transparent and participative elections.

From December 1, 1987, to January 31, 1988, former OIC Councilor Sodusta served as OIC Mayor. The election in January 1988 gave back the local leadership to former Assemblyman Jose T. Sison as Municipal Mayor of Surallah who served for three terms until May 1998. The race for Local leadership in May election proved to be competitive among aspirants who had eventually won by Romulo O. Solivio. The new leadership brought necessary changes in the administration more specific on a gradual shift from traditional type to a more conventional way of governance by re-inventing new techniques thru dynamic participative approaches. There is no official source of information regarding the origin of the name of the place, but precolonial settlers had reportedly named the place Šukran Allâh, šukran being the Arabic equivalent of “Thanks be to God.” Colonial-era settelrs from Luzón and the Visayas then later modified the name into Surallah which loosely means “South of Allah”.

Although participation in environmental decision-making processes can be granted or attained in many ways, and at many levels, one pivotal international instance establishing the rights of individuals to participate came via the Rio Declaration in 1992. In Principle 10, that declaration sets out that "[e]nvironmental decisions are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens …" who have "... appropriate access to information concerning the environment held by public authorities …" who are then rightly afforded "… opportunity to participate in decision-making processes" (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 1992). In Northern Germany, while regulations have been changed to favor more participative forms of decision-making, planning approval decisions for wind farms are still mostly centralized. However, in the implementation of the Water Framework Directive for River Basin Management, stakeholder advisory groups were formed, which provide input to working groups, to whom authority to decide issues by consensus has been delegated by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Environment, and Rural Areas (Bruns & Gee, 2009).

Aldrich spent 15 years with Honeywell and Burroughs in the UK in various sales and marketing roles, where he became known as an innovator, before joining the Board of Redifon in 1977. In 1979, Aldrich invented online shopping by connecting a modified domestic TV to a real-time transaction processing computer via a domestic telephone line. The intellectual basis for his system was his view that videotex, the modified domestic TV technology with a very simple menu-driven human–computer interface, was a 'new, universally applicable, participative communication medium-the first since the invention of the telephone.' This enabled 'closed' corporate information systems to be opened to 'outside' correspondents not just for transaction processing but also for messaging (e-mail) and information retrieval and dissemination (later known as e-business.)1982 Videotex Communications, Collected Papers Aldrich Archive, University of Brighton December 1982 His language of 'impacts competitive trading position', 'using IT for competitive advantage', 'externalises labour costs', etc.

Generally speaking, the party supports the social market economy and other typical issues of Christian democratic parties and has been described as a "neo-labour party" by some commentators and also by some of its members. Lega Nord is populist in the sense that it is an anti-monopolist and anti-elitist popular and participative party (it is one of the few Italian political parties not to permit freemasons to join), fighting against the "vested interests", once identified by Bossi in "Agnelli, the Pope and the Mafia". The party is also libertarian populist in its promotion of small ownership, small and medium-sized enterprise, small government as opposed to governmental bureaucracy, waste of public funds, pork barrel spending and corruption. These are the main reasons why the party is strong in the North despite being obscured (especially at the beginning of its history) and badly presented by national media, television and newspapers.

The Constitution was calling a "revolution in Thai politics... A bold attempt at conferring greater power to the Thai people than had ever been granted before."Paul Chambers, Good governance, political stability, and constitutionalism in Thailand 2002: The state of democratic consolidation five years after the implementation of the 1997 constitution, King Prajadhipok’s Institute, 10 August 2002 It was highly praised for the participative process involved in its drafting, its enshrinement of human rights, and its significant advances in political reform. It was viewed as successful in fostering democratic development and increasing political stability.Thawilwadee Bureekul and Stithorn Thananithichot, The Thai Constitution of 1997: Evidence of Democratization Its measures to politically empower and protect citizens were also praised.Niyom Rathamarit, The 1997 Constitution: the path of reform The new constitution was cited for its role in bringing down the Ministers of Public Health and Agriculture during corruption scandals in the government of Chuan Leekpai.

Prodesis is an abbreviation of the Spanish name for the programme: Proyecto de Desarrollo Social Integrado y Sostenible, Chiapas, Mexico (Integrated and Sustainable Social Development Project, Chiapas, Mexico). Its overall objectives were: # poverty reduction among the inhabitants of the Lacandon region # reduction of the pressure on the natural resources and mitigation of environmental degradation # reformulation of social development policies in Chiapas, with emphasis on participative and sustainable territorial development These goals should stimulate a sense of citizenship, and enhance the relation between the Chiapas government and the 155,000 inhabitants of the 830 communities located around the protected area of the Lacandon Jungle: the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve. This population, which is mainly indigenous and rural, has the highest levels of poverty and marginalization in the State of Chiapas, and of Mexico as a whole. Prodesis was a continuation the Integral Programme for the Sustainable Development of the Selva Lacandon Forest (PIDSS), which in turn was a continuation of Plan Cañadas.

The attempt on the part of philosophers and scientists to come to grips with the question of life led to an emphasis away from mechanics or statics, to dynamics. Life was action, living movement, a manifestation of an underlying polarity in nature and the universe. Instead of seeing nature from a ‘one-eyed, color blind’ spectator perspective, what was needed was a perspective that was binocular and participative. Inertial science had advanced in man's understanding of inert nature, her outer form or shell, what Francis Bacon termed natura naturata (outer form or appearance). However, it was not capable of going beyond this to a more dynamic discernment or apperception of the living inner content of nature, the domain of life – life in general, not just life biological as Samuel Taylor Coleridge, at the philosophic core of the scientific effort to penetrate to natura naturans, put it, asking further “what is not life?” based on the understanding of life as a dynamic polarity between powers, forces and energies.

Lorenzo Sassoli de Bianchi, the founder of Italy's leading health food company, Valsoia, and President of the Bologna Museum of Modern Art (MAMbo), took over from Malgara in June 2007.Il Valore: "Giulio Malgara succeeded by Sassoli de Bianchi as President of the UPA" Widely respected by Italian industrialists for Valsoia's use of cross-media advertising and his personal skills as a communicator and consensus-builder, Sassoli de Bianchi was appointed President on a modernising agenda. Acting in the participative style for which he is renowned and applying the methodology he developed at Valsoia, Sassoli de Bianchi immediately worked with the organisation's active members to formulate a clear mission statement and objectives, as well as to restructure the governance of the association and to increase participation, accountability, innovation and transparency. The projects launched under this programme include a research centre, initiatives to promote regional representation and national growth, and an extensive series of services and strategic partnerships to help members orient themselves with respect to the complex and rapidly changing social, regulatory and technological developments in modern advertising.

There may be almost as many slight or great variations to the actions as there are groups to regularly perform them and pass on their style, but the core movements are often based upon the performers standing whenever a clear "up" is sung, reseating themselves whenever "down" is mentioned and briefly taking an abbreviated half-standing/crouching position for the "only half way up" phrase. A group of performers who, especially in an 'audience participation'-like situation, are originally seated (for example school children in an assembly, or the audience in a theatre - especially for a typical participative segment of a pantomime) will/should end the song back in their original positions. The first verse is rather gentle one to react to, with one clear standing and one clear seating action, and so other actions may be given. For example: a stiff salute for the "Duke of York", indicating "ten" by clearly displaying ten fingers (optionally emphasising this on the further syllables of "thou-sand men") and/or forming the hands/arms into a some form depicting a 'hill' summit.

IRS was launched in the year 1995 with an objective of setting an industry standard for readership & other media measurement, & to provide insights on media & product consumption as well as consumer behavior patterns. In the year 1995-96, 23 Metro Reports were released followed by the All India Report consisting of urban and rural data. Simultaneously a software programme was developed to not just enable the optimum use of raw data but to also carry out multi media planning which provided a common basis of media evaluation. Over the years IRS has evolved to be very progressive, covering a broad spectrum of categories from Media data, Indian Demographics, Indian Market, Product Profiles, to the recently developed Telecom Report, TV Report, and IRS Countryside. Apart from a range of products offered new changes have been introduced in the method of classification of sub-regions from SCR’s to ISD’s, which is a more microscopic view of the consumer profile based on the socio−cultural ethnicity. From a user’s perspective, a few introductions in the form of participative sampling, customized queries have been introduced.

SENAMHI is responsible for the generation of hydro-meteorological information The institutional framework for water resources management at national and river basin level is fragmented. The newly created National Water Authority (Autoridad Nacional del Agua – ANA) was established on December 2006 replacing the Water Resources Intendancy (Intendencia de Recursos Hídricos – IRH) and is responsible for the design and implementation of sustainable water resources policies and irrigation nationally. The creation of ANA improves the prospects for sound WRM, because it has a clear mandate for integrated, participative, basin-scale WRM, enjoys financial and administrative autonomy, is able to issue sanctions and will have local offices in river basins. Some of the modifications included are (i) ANA is the new water authority, however, it is still under the Ministry of Agriculture, which could hinder the impartiality required for sound WRM; (ii) ANA will have River Basin Authorities (Autoridades Administrativas del Agua—AAA), in each of Peru's 14 hydrographic regions and Local Water Authorities (Autoridades Locales de Agua—ALA) in selected river basins; and (iii) ANA is now also responsible for water quality.

Human rights activist Joachim Gauck attending a press conference of the International Society for Human Rights The International Society for Human Rights (ISHR, German: Internationale Gesellschaft für Menschenrechte, IGFM) is an international non-governmental, non-profit human rights organization with Participative Status with the Council of Europe and is a member of the Liaison Committee of the Non-Governmental Organisations at the Council of Europe. The ISHR has observer status with the African Commission of Human and Peoples' Rights. It has associate status with the Department of Public Information of the United Nations and Roster Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The ISHR is seated in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and was founded in West Germany in 1972 as the Gesellschaft für Menschenrechte (GFM), with the aim of promoting international understanding and tolerance in all areas of culture and society and so was committed from its inception to only support individuals who share this principle and, consequently, strive non-violently for their rights.

The RRSA initiative started in 2004. In autumn 2017, UNICEF said that it was working with more UK schools than almost any other organization, that 1.5 million children in the UK go to a Rights Respecting School, and that more than 4,000 schools up and down the country are working towards the award.The aims of the Rights Respecting Schools AwardUniversity of Brighton Education Research Centre UNICEF rights respecting schools evaluation Many schools have reported a decrease in bullying, an improvement in achievement and participation, a positive effect on attitudes and global awareness, and a more inclusive, caring school atmosphere. Adults and young people have reported that the language of rights and responsibilities, based on the CRC, empowers them to relate to each other better and to engage in decision-making more collaboratively. The effects of the Rights Respecting School initiative can be seen not just through school councils but also through the inclusive, participative way the whole school works during lessons, meal times, play, class and through parents’ involvement.

The Environment and Water Resources Ministry, created in 2009, is responsible for: (i) planning, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and funding irrigation plans and policies in close collaboration with SENARI;(ii) managing national and international funds aimed at irrigation development;(iii) promote technical assistance, capacity building and applied research and development in irrigation; and (iv) promote participative decentralization in irrigation development at the departmental, prefectural, municipal, local and river basin level as established in Law 2878. The Ministry for Rural Development, Agriculture and Environment share the same responsibilities than the Water Ministry. The Vice-Ministry for Irrigation aims at: (i) guaranteeing sustainable water use for irrigation through a comprehensive system for granting water rights and permits (ii) promoting national and local investments, and (iii) strengthening institutional capacity through technical and financial support. The Ministry of Development Planning, together with the Water Ministry and the Ministry for Rural Development, Agriculture and Environment aims at: (i) planning and supervising water management at the river basin level, (ii) designing and implementation of environmental standards for irrigation works, (iii) monitoring water quality and mitigating water pollution.

John Heron (born 1928) is a pioneer in the creation of a participatory research method in the social sciences, called co-operative inquiry, which was based on his work in 1968-69 on the phenomenology of social encounter, and which has been applied by practitioners in many fields of professional and personal development. He is committed to the process of co-operative inquiry, in whatever field it is applied, as a basic form of relational and participative spiritual practice. Heron was the founder and director of the Human Potential Research Project, University of Surrey from 1970 to 1977, the first university-based centre for humanistic and transpersonal psychology and education in Europe. He was Assistant Director of the British Postgraduate Medical Federation at the University of London from 1977 to 1985, in charge of an innovative programme of personal and professional development for hospital doctors and GPs, including a co-operative inquiry into whole-person medicine, out of which the British Holistic Medical Association was formed. He was the director of the International Centre for Co-operative Inquiry at Volterra, Tuscany, Italy, from 1990 to 2000, where radical forms of spiritual inquiry were developed.

Crowdsourcing is a type of participative online activity in which an individual, an institution, a nonprofit organization, or company proposes to a group of individuals of varying knowledge, heterogeneity, and number, the voluntary undertaking of a task via a flexible open call. The undertaking of the task, of variable complexity and modularity, and in which the crowd should participate, bringing their work, money, knowledge and/or experience, always entails mutual benefit. The user will receive the satisfaction of a given type of need, be it economic, social recognition, self-esteem, or the development of individual skills, while the crowdsourcer will obtain and use to their advantage that which the user has brought to the venture, whose form will depend on the type of activity undertaken. Caveats in pursuing a Crowdsourcing strategy are to induce a substantial market model or incentive, and care has to be taken that the whole thing doesn't end up in an open source anarchy of adware and spyware plagiates, with a lot of broken solutions, started by people who just wanted to try it out, then gave up early, and a few winners.

But a distinct and separate mode of practice that goes beyond simple representation of the real, moving towards one that constructs the real through an immersive and enacted user experience. While it is generally accepted that Aston & Gaudenzi's (2012) formulation is still contested, its usefulness lies in that the discussion emerges as a response to Nichols (1992) and de Bromhead's (2009) debate on the subject of documentary modes of representation. Such a trajectory offers a clear historical relationship to the notion of a documentary tradition and provides a basis for describing a boundary around these new formations of practice. Aston & Gaudenzi (2012) offer four modes for understanding the nature of interactive documentary; the conversational mode as a conversation with a computer that is typified through forms of game-play, the hypertext mode as means of structuring user experience through a series of branching choices; the participative mode as two-way conversation between author and users that actively involves the user in production of material; the experiential mode as a way of utilising space and embodiment to structure the user experience particularly where the experience of the real and the virtual become blurred.

The purpose of community development is understood by IACD as being to work with communities to achieve participative democracy, sustainable development, rights, economic opportunity, equality and social justice. This practice is carried out by people in different roles and contexts, including people explicitly called professional community workers (and people taking on essentially the same role but with a different job title), together with professionals in other occupations ranging from social work, adult education, youth work, health disciplines, environmental education, local economic development, to urban planning, regeneration, architecture and more who seek to apply community development values and adopt community development methods. Community development practice also encompasses a range of occupational settings and levels from development roles working with communities, through to managerial and strategic community planning roles. The Community Development Challenge report, which was produced by a working party comprising leading UK organizations in the field including the (now defunct) Community Development Foundation, the (now defunct) Community Development Exchange and the (now defunct) Federation for Community Development Learning defines community development as: > A set of values and practices which plays a special role in overcoming > poverty and disadvantage, knitting society together at the grass roots and > deepening democracy.