289 Sentences With "parastatal" | Random Sentence Generator

Blue-chip corporate bonds and parastatal organizations would fit somewhere between the two.

These enforcers appear in the Senate, the House of Representatives and the security services, as well as in various committees, state assemblies, parastatal organizations and important economic agencies.

Section 241 of that legislation mandated that Treasury provide a list of senior political figures, oligarchs and "parastatal entities" close to the Kremlin, including an assessment of their net worth.

I raised a concern about the implications of a group dedicated to the interests of a single politician, whose members were willing, at least in theory, to serve as a parastatal force to protect those interests.

It calls for sanctions "on transactions related to investment in energy projects supported by Russian state-owned or parastatal entities," which experts say is an issue for U.S. energy companies and will likely be actively lobbied against.

A number of Russian oligarchs and art collectors, including Roman Abramovich, Pyotr Aven, and Vladimir Potanin, are named in a US Treasury Department list of parastatal entities on warning over Russian actions in Ukraine and election meddling.

So, too, will there be sanctions on transactions related to investment in energy projects "supported by Russia state–owned or parastatal entities" and a prohibition on and sanctions with respect to transactions relating to the buying and selling of new Russian sovereign debt.

His downfall had been precipitated by Mr Mugabe's repeated refusal to let him meet the demands of the IMF, such as thinning the public sector and abolishing corrupt parastatal outfits, as the price of unlocking the loans urgently needed to rescue an economy that is once again in rapid decline.

The spectacular collapse of what some call a "parastatal" company that has essentially helped the government run day-to-day operations — even managing school lunches and prisons — is raising questions about prominent contracts that continued to be awarded despite obvious red flags and warnings of lower-than-expected profits that began in earnest last summer.

The cement plant and refinery were operated by parastatal companies prior to their closure.

Botswana Energy Regulatory Authority (BERA) is the energy regulator and a government parastatal of the Botswana government. The parastatal was founded after the Botswana Energy Regulatory Act was put in place in 2016 and started its operations on the 1st September, 2017.

The Medical Stores Department is a parastatal agency wholly owned by the Government of Tanzania.

Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station is owned by Kenya Electricity Generating Company, a parastatal company of the government of Kenya.

Zimbabwe United Passenger Company (ZUPCO) is a parastatal company in Zimbabwe, which operates for urban and long-distance bus routes.

The Nigerian Coal Corporation (NCC) is a Nigerian parastatal corporation responsible for mining and selling coal. It is based in Enugu.

Sang'oro Hydroelectric Power Station is 100 percent owned by Kenya Electricity Generating Company, a parastatal company of the government of Kenya.

More than 1,200 mostly small state-owned enterprises have been privatised. Preparations for privatisation and/or sector liberalisation were made for the remaining parastatal enterprises, including telecommunications, energy, ports, and railways. The government frequently selected a strategic foreign investor when privatising a parastatal. Additionally, customs duties have been reduced, and customs management has been streamlined and reformed.

Sondu Miriu Hydroelectric Power Station is 100 percent owned by Kenya Electricity Generating Company, a parastatal company of the government of Kenya.

Kenya Electricity Transmission Company, commonly referred to as KETRACO, is a parastatal company which serves as the Transmission System Operator in Kenya.

The shares of the stock of Bahrain Development Bank are all held by the Government of Bahrain. This makes BDB a government parastatal.

The National Amalgamated Central, Local and Parastatal Manual Workers' Union (often referred to as The Manual Workers) is a trade union in Botswana.

ZamPost is the company responsible for postal service in Zambia. It is a state run parastatal whose chief executive officer is the Postmaster General.

The Mauritius Ports Authority (MPA) is a parastatal organisation in Mauritius, it is the sole regulator and manager of the port and its services.

The National Council for Higher Education is the parastatal responsible for accreditation of universities in Zimbabwe, under the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education.

The station is under construction since 2012 and is expected to come online in 2016. It is owned by the parastatal company called Volta River Authority.

The National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT) is a parastatal under Nigeria Federal Ministry of Science and Technology. It is located in Basawa, Zaria, Kaduna State.

The water treatment facility is wholly owned by the National Water and Sewerage Corporation, a government parastatal company, responsible for provision of potable water and sewerage services nationwide.

The South Sudan Electricity Corporation (SSEC) is a parastatal company whose primary purpose is to generate electric power for use in South Sudan and for sale to neighboring countries.

Mkulazi Holding Company Limited, is a joint venture company that is wholly owned by the National Social Security Fund of Tanzania (NSSFT) and the Parastatal Pension Fund of Tanzania (PPFT).

Kenya Electricity Generating Company or simply KenGen is a parastatal company, and is the largest electric power producer in Kenya producing about 75% of the electricity consumed in the country.

The development of the oil industry is important due to the country's dependence on the importation of all petroleum products from neighbouring states. Electricity is provided by the parastatal utility, Electricite du Mali.

The Energy Commission is a parastatal, mandated by law to regulate and manage the development and utilization of energy resources in Ghana, specifically in electricity licensing, renewable energy, natural gas and energy efficiency.

The building is the head office of transport parastatal Transnet, who purchased it in 1999 from Anglo American Properties (Amprop). In June 2007, then Transnet group chief executive Maria Ramos revealed the company's intention to offer the building for sale. The Carlton Centre has served as Transnet's headquarters since 2000, after the parastatal purchased it for R33 million from Anglo American Properties. The disposal of the property forms part of Transnet's restructuring program which includes the disposal of non-core assets.

"French riots", Chicago Tribune, 27 May 1990, page 17. Berre entered the government as Minister of Trade and Industry later in 1990. He remained in that post until March 1994, when he was instead appointed as Minister of the Economy, Planning, Reform of the Parastatal Sector, and Privatization. He was then moved to the post of Minister of Trade, Industry, Small and Medium-Sized Industries, and the Craft Industry, in charge of the Reform of the Parastatal Sector and Privatization, in October 1994.

250px Rail transport in Madagascar is primarily operated by Madarail, The northern railway (TCE, Tananarive–Côte Est) is currently concessioned to Madarail. The southern line, Fianarantsoa-Côte-Est railway (FCE), is a parastatal line.

The Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Authority (PPDA) is a parastatal organisation in Uganda that is responsible for regulation and supervision of procurement and disposal of government-owned property and other assets.

Super Magic Brothers is a football club based in Victoria, Seychelles. Until 2008, the team was called Seychelles Marketing Board (the name of a government parastatal company). They were relegated to the 2nd Division in November 2009.

BotswanaPost is the company responsible for postal service in Botswana. It is a parastatal company, 100% owned by the Government of Botswana, under the Ministry of Transport and Communications. Unveiling of the new stamp by BotswanaPost CEO Ramatlhakwane.

To the south is the Mongbwalu field, a concession to the north and east of Bunia that is mainly owned by AngloGold Ashanti with the DRC parastatal Office des Mines de Kilo Moto (OKIMO) holding a 13.78% interest.

The Swaziland National Trust Commission (SNTC) is the custodian of Eswatini's cultural and natural heritage. It is governed by The National Trust Commission Act of 1972. It is a parastatal of the Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs.

Corporate Headquarters , abbreviated NAA, is a parastatal company responsible for the management of Narita International Airport in Japan. It is the successor to the which was established on 30 July 1966. NAA was privatized on April 1, 2004.

National Transport Corporation is a parastatal bus operator in Mauritius. The company operates 430 buses. There are 65 bus routes, some of which carry 21,000 passengers daily. The National Transport Corporation has Many Routes to Vacoas, Rose Hill, Riv.

SONIDEP (, literally: Nigerien Petroleum Products Company) is a parastatal corporation in Niger. Founded by government decree in 1977, SONIDEP is responsible for the importation, transportation, storage, refining and marketing of petroleum products in Niger.History, sonidep.com. retrieved 2009-02-27.

The Presidential Parastatal Sector Reform Commission is the organ of the Government of Tanzania under the Public Corporations Act, 1992 as amended in 1993 and 1999, to co-ordinate implementation of the government's economic reform efforts in the form of privatisation.

The Mexican power generation parastatal CFE has a large electric plant at Puerto Libertad. A Mexican alternative energy company Biofields is constructing an algae to ethanol system covering several square miles which will process the exhaust from the electric plant.

It was established by an act of the Parliament of Botswana, Act no. 12 of 2015 as a Parastatal under the Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security (MoA). The BUAN act repealed the BCA Act no. 9 of 1991.

Societe des Telecommunications Internationales du Tchad (SotelTchad) is a Chadian telecommunications parastatal providing landline domestic and international telephone service, as well as Internet service. SotelTchad was created in 2000, when domestic phone services were detached from the postal service. The government initially stated its intention to privatize the parastatal through international bidding, but this was put on hold."Chad Country Commercial Guide - FY 2005" by Vincent Spera , U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service and U.S. Department of State (hosted by Industry Canada)] Company advertisements in late 2000 stated that there were 10,260 telephones and 1,020 Internet subscribers in the country.

State ownership is the third type, primarily for large enterprises such as irrigation projects. Under the management of parastatal or government employees, farmers enter into contractual arrangements, including paying fees, for the use of state lands and the benefits of improved farming methods.

In 1955, the SLST abandoned mineral mining and settled on mining the Yengema and Tongo Fields. However, with the creation of the Sierra Leonean parastatal National Diamond Mining Company in 1971, the diamond company was effectively nationalized, ending the SLST in Sierra Leone.

Government-owned communications company TelOne is another major ISP; it provides bandwidth to most other ISPs in the country. TelOne has been plagued by financial and infrastructure problems. GISP, an ISP operating since 1998, provides internet services to the government and to parastatal organizations.

Built at a cost of just over US$8 million, the plant is the first grid-ready solar station in the country. It is owned by Volta River Authority (VRA), the Ghanaian parastatal responsible for public electricity generation. The power plant was commissioned in 2013.

The power station would be owned and operated by Tanzania National Electricity Supply Company, the national parastatal electricity generator, transmitter and distributor. The new power plant is expected to add 318 megawatts to the national generating capacity of 1500 megawatts, as of July 2018.

The Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (abbr. NMCN), is the sole governing body that regulates all cadres of nurses and midwives in Nigeria. It was established as a parastatal by the government of Nigeria by Act Cap. No143 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004.

Terrain varies from rugged in the east around Mount Kinka to a flat plain around the Dumbo Ranch in the west. The Dumbo Ranch is a parastatal project aimed at improving beef production using modern techniques.Ngalim, p. 186. The total population of Misaje commune is about 40,000.

The Uganda Electricity Distribution Company Limited (UEDCL) is a parastatal company whose primary purpose is to distribute electric power to domestic and commercial end-users in Uganda, at and below 33 kilovolts. This role was sub- leased to Umeme for a 20-year concession that ends in 2025.

It was named after Chevalier de Coëtivy, commander of the Ile de France who first sighted the island in 1771. In 1908 it was transferred from Mauritius to Seychelles. In 1970 the island was purchased by the parastatal Seychelles Marketing Board (SMB). In 1989, SMB began producing shrimp.

200px There are several rail lines and stations in Madagascar. Antananarivo is connected to Toamasina, Ambatondrazaka and Antsirabe by rail, and another rail line connects Fianarantsoa to Manakara. The northern railway (TCE) is concessioned to Madarail. The southern line, Fianarantsoa-Côte-Est railway (FCE), is a parastatal line.

Charles Nherera is a Zimbabwean educationalist. He was founding Vice- Chancellor of Chinhoyi University of Technology and chairman of the parastatal Zimbabwe United Passenger Company (ZUPCO). He was arrested for corruption, in connection with the latter post, in 2006 and jailed. The charges were later quashed by the High Court.

Botswana Unified Revenue Service (BURS) is the revenue service and a government parastatal of the Botswana government. BURS is responsible for collecting taxes and administering the BURS Act. The duties of the BURS include providing tax assistance to taxpayers and pursuing and resolving instances of erroneous or fraudulent tax filings.

The power station is owned and operated by Zimbabwe Power Company, (ZPC), a parastatal of the Government of Zimbabwe. ZPC is a 100 percent subsidiary of Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority. The station was constructed between 1947 and 1957 by Bulawayo Municipal Council. At that time, generation capacity was 120 megawatts.

The Geothermal Development Company (GDC), whose full name is Geothermal Development Company Limited, is a wholly owned parastatal of the government of Kenya. It is mandated to execute surface geothermal development, including prospecting, drilling, harnessing and selling steam to electricity generating companies for energy production and sale to the national grid.

The Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited (UEGCL) is a parastatal company whose primary purpose is to generate electric power for use in Uganda and for sale to neighboring countries. As of December 2017, UEGL's generation capacity was 380 megawatts, with that capacity planned to increase to over 1,300 megawatts, by 2023.

Walter Chidhakwa is the former Minister of Mines and Mining Development of Zimbabwe. He is the Member of House of Assembly for Zvimba South (ZANU-PF). He was arrested on 21 December 2017 and charged with criminal abuse of office regarding the Mining Ministry parastatal Minerals Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe.

The National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) is the parastatal railway of Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia). The Zimbabwean railway system was largely constructed during the time of British colonial rule and was called Rhodesia Railways (RR) until 1980. Segments of its systems were intended to be part of the Cape to Cairo Railway.

Economic reform has been extensive. Over 1,200 state-owned enterprises (mostly small) have been privatized. Preparations for privatization and/or sector liberalization are underway for the remaining parastatals, including telecommunications, electricity, water service, airports, ports, and the railroads. The government frequently selects a strategic foreign investor when privatizing a parastatal.

The hotel was built during Uganda's colonial era and was commissioned by the British in 1936. At Independence in 1962, it was one of about a dozen hotels that constituted Uganda Hotels Limited, a government parastatal during the Obote I regime. In 1995, the hotel was privatized and has undergone refurbishment.

NIGELEC (Société Nigérienne d'Electricité, Nigerien Electricity Society) is the Parastatal electric power generation and transmission utility in Niger. It is majority owned by the Government of Niger and was founded in 1968. In 2006 NIGELEC had 178964 subscribers and 300 electrified centers.African Development Information Database: Société Nationale d'Electricité du Niger.

The Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited (UETCL) is a parastatal company whose primary purpose is to make bulk electricity purchases and transmit the electricity along high voltage wires to local and foreign distribution points. UETCL is the sole authorized national bulk energy purchaser and the sole authorized electricity importer and exporter in Uganda.

Alice Rwema is a lawyer and civil servant in Rwanda who, since August 2014, has been the vice chairperson of the board of directors at Rwanda Energy Group (REG), a parastatal company responsible for energy generation, procurement, distribution and export. Since May 2017, she has also been the company secretary of REG.

LFSB is a member of the Letshego Group and in 2015 contributed in excess of 40% to group assets and profits. In addition to lending to individuals who are formally employed in the Government, parastatal and private sectors, the company have started advancing loans to miners. A mortgage product is in development.

The NDIC is a parastatal under the Nigerian Ministry of Finance. The corporation is charged with protecting the banking system from instability occasioned by runs and loss of depositors' confidence. It operates under the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation Act (1990). The NDIC is a member of the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria.

According to Chatham House, corruption is reportedly widespread in the Yemeni military, a state of affairs partially caused by the virtual absence of civilian oversight. In 2013, the Transparency International Government Defence Anti-Corruption Index ranked Yemen's defense establishments as one of the world's most corrupt. Since at least 2010, the army has consisted of "a series of factional alliances that more resembled a collection of feudal warlords than a modern, centrally managed military," because "Saleh was wary of creating a centralized military capable of mounting a coup." A "parastatal" entity called YECO, which procures military equipment and is run by active-duty officers, owns a great deal of land and "various parastatal enterprises," mostly in what used to be South Yemen, according to Chatham House.

Thereafter, the Mauritania Railway and its locomotives were owned and operated by the parastatal Société Nationale Industrielle et Minière (SNIM). Beginning in 1981, the CC Class 01-21s were supplemented by US built EMD SDL40-2s. In September 1997, they operated their last iron ore trains. Subsequently, they were confined to SNIM's passenger train services.

The Electricity Generation Company Malawi Limited (Egenco) is a parastatal company whose primary purpose is to generate electric power for use in Malawi and for possible sale to neighboring countries. As of April 2018, Egenco's generation capacity was . In 2020, generation capacity is expected to increase to , when Tedzani IV Hydroelectric Power Station, comes online.

Vaughan (1982). Food Production and Family Labour in Southern Malawi, pp. 361-2. The British Central Africa Company Ltd also had a cotton ginnery for processing its own and smallholder cotton until at least 1961. In 1971, the purchase and processing of smallholder cotton was taken over by a parastatal body.K.

The National Gallery of Modern Art, Lagos (NGMA) is a major art gallery in Lagos, the largest city of Nigeria. It is a permanent exhibition of the National Gallery of Art, a parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Tourism, Culture and National Orientation. The gallery is located within the National Arts Theatre, at Entrance B.

ZUPCO was formed in 1980 in Harare, soon after the New Government was formed. Before Zimbabwean Independence, the bus company was run as a Parastatal and it was known as the Rhodesia Bus Company. After transition, the company was renamed to Zimbabwe United Passenger Company (ZUPCO). By 1993 ZUPCO was operating 1,200 buses on 426 routes.

The postal department that the missionaries established in the late 19th century evolved into the Bechuanaland Protectorate Postal Services. At Botswana's independence in 1966, it was rebranded into the Department of Posts and Telegraphs. At that time the services offered included the Post Office Savings Bank. In 1980, the Botswana Telecommunications Corporation was spun off as an independent parastatal.

The Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA) is a parastatal organisation in Mauritius, it is the Revenue Authority of the Mauritian Government and operate under the aegis of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development. The MRA is responsible for the assessment of liability, the collection and the accountability for Tax and the management, operation and enforcement of Revenue Laws.

Chad's energy sector has had years of mismanagement by the parastatal Chad Water and Electric Society (STEE), which provides power for 15% of the capital's citizens and covers only 1.5% of the national population.Spera, Vincent (8 February 2004); . United States Department of Commerce. Most Chadians burn biomass fuels such as wood and animal manure for power.. Country Analysis Briefs.

On 1 January 1967 the government declared that the UMHK in the Congo was from then on a parastatal to be known as Générale Congolaise des Minérais, or Gecomin. It was intended that the state would only hold 60% of the company, but after foreign investors showed no interest in the remaining shares it became entirely a government enterprise.

The Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria (ICCON) is a professional regulatory body, established by Decree 91 of 1993 (now ICCON ACT, CAP I.12 LFN 2004). It is statutorily charged with the responsibility of regulating the teaching, learning and best practice of Chemistry profession in Nigeria. ICCON is a parastatal of Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH).

The Rivers State Agricultural Development Programme is a government parastatal within the Ministry of Agriculture. It was established under the Law on the Agricultural Development Programme of Rivers State 1988. Its functions include formulating and implementing programmes relating to Agriculture as well as providing extension services to farmers in both rural and urban areas of the state.

Ajay Prabhakar is an Indian researcher and author who until recently was a United Nations Country Programme officer. He has worked with the Nigerian Presidency in the Arts and Culture parastatal under President Olusegun Obasanjo. Prabhakar still serves as a consultant to the United Nations and other International bodies on Sustainable Development goals, Research and Education.

This suspension of aid and the millions of dollars spent to intervene in the war further weakened Zimbabwe's already troubled economy. In part through its control of the media, the huge parastatal sector of the economy, and the security forces, the government managed to keep organised political opposition to a minimum through most of the 1990s.

The program has so far divested 335 out of some 425 parastatal entities. Overall, real economic growth has averaged about 4 percent a year, much better than the previous 20 years, but not enough to improve the lives of average Tanzanians. Also, the economy remains overwhelmingly donor-dependent. Moreover, Tanzania has an external debt of $7.9 billion.

There are three canning factories: Kokoto, Njoro Canners and Kabazi Canners. Tea production is carried out in Olenguruone, Keringet and Bahati Divisions. The parastatal company Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA ) only takes tea from Olenguruone and Keringet. The processing of small-holder tea together with that from Nyayo Tea Zone is carried out in Kiptagich Tea Factory Company Ltd.

Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Japan (TECO; ) is an office that represents the interests of Taiwan in Japan, functioning as a de facto embassy in the absence of diplomatic relations. It is operated by the Taiwan–Japan Relations Association (), a parastatal agency of the government. Its Japanese counterpart is the Japan–Taiwan Exchange Association in Taipei.

One of the supermarkets by the Seychelles Marketing Board, built in 1984. Seychelles Marketing Board (SMB) was a government parastatal company based in Victoria, Seychelles. Since its formation in 1985, it dominated the importation of goods to Seychelles, particularly essential goods and was the main wholesaler of goods. SMB used to operate a large prawn farm on Coëtivy Island.

A major switch in the structure of Zambia's economy came with the Mulungushi Reforms of April 1968: the government declared its intention to acquire equity holdings (usually 51% or more) in a number of key foreign-owned firms, to be controlled by a parastatal conglomerate named the Industrial Development Corporation (INDECO). By January 1970, Zambia had acquired majority holding in the Zambian operations of the two major foreign mining corporations, the Anglo American Corporation and the Rhodesia Selection Trust (RST); the two became the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines (NCCM) and Roan Consolidated Mines (RCM), respectively. The Zambian government then created a new parastatal body, the Mining Development Corporation (MINDECO). The Finance and Development Corporation (FINDECO) allowed the Zambian government to gain control of insurance companies and building societies.

In January 1993, supporting legislation was approved as legislative Decree No. 15 of 1993. On January 1, 1994 NAFDAC was officially established as a “parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Health”. NAFDAC replaced an earlier Federal Ministry of Health body, the Directorate of Food and Drug Administration and Control, which had been deemed ineffective, partially because of lack of laws concerning fake drugs.

Neotel, previously SNO Telecommunications, is the second national operator (SNO) for fixed line telecommunication services in South Africa. It was unveiled on 31 August 2006 in Kyalami in northern Johannesburg. Neotel is South Africa's first direct telecommunications competitor to the current telecommunications parastatal, Telkom. The new company announced its business services on 15 November 2007 and its consumer services in May 2008.

Other industries include textile plants, cement factories, chemical plants, breweries, shipyards, and cigarette factories. Gabonese manufacturing is highly dependent on foreign inputs, and import costs rose significantly in 1994 when the CFA franc was devalued. Increased costs and oversized capacity have made the manufacturing sector less competitive and it mainly supplies the domestic market. The government has taken steps to privatize parastatal enterprises.

In 1998, Lawal retired from NNPC and entered politics in 1999. In 2001, he was appointed Chairman of the Governing Board of the Nigerian Shippers Council, a parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Transport. President Olusegun Obasanjo appointed him Federal Minister of Labour and Productivity in 2004. He was retained in this position in July 2007 by President Umaru Yar'Adua.

Many members of Kolingba's ethnic group, the Yakoma people, obtained lucrative posts in the public, private and parastatal sectors of the CAR's economy during his era. This gave rise to growing tension between so- called "southerners" (including the riverine Yakoma) and "northerners" (including the savanna Gbaya) in the CAR which led to violent confrontations between these groups during the Patassé era (1993–2003).

In 2003, ADMARC's legal form ceased to be that of a parastatal corporation following the repeal of the legislation that created it as such, becoming a Limited liability company, and it still exists because it has not been possible to create a comprehensive private-sector marketing system, However, ADMARC is criticised by donors as inefficient, wasteful and not sufficiently independent of government control.

Almost all low-income areas are built up with little room for expansion. This is particularly so in the areas of the inner city. The middle-income areas of Accra are predominantly populated by Ghanaian citizens and business, administrative and professional families. Much of the housing in these areas has been provided by state, parastatal and private sector organisations and individuals.

The Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO) is a Tanzanian parastatal organisation established in 1964. It is wholly owned by the government of Tanzania. The Ministry of Energy and Minerals regulates the operations of TANESCO. Its business include: electricity generation, electricity transmission, electricity distribution and sale of electricity to the Tanzanian mainland and bulk power supply to the island of Zanzibar.

Critics of the Biya regime have questioned Akere Muna’s representation of the Cameroon government and several parastatal institutions in litigation both within Cameroon and abroad. They point to a disconnect between his role in promoting good governance and combatting corruption across the globe, with his defense of a regime that has been riddled with accusations of corruption and undemocratic practices.

Uganda Refinery Holding Company (URHC), is a government of Uganda-owned parastatal company, that is a 100 percent subsidiary of the Uganda National Oil Company, whose purpose is to hold the shareholding in the Uganda Oil Refinery and related infrastructure, that is assigned to the Ugandan government. The company was incorporated as a private limited liability company, under the Companies Act of 2012.

The process of transformation was inaugurated when the, then Ministry of Agriculture announced the Government's decision at a ceremony at the Sebele campus on the 12 November 2013. On the 1 February 2016, BUAN became a University through commencement of the Act of Parliament 12 of 2015 as a Parastatal under the Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security (MoA).

Richards Bay Airport is an airport in Richards Bay, South Africa. It is independently managed and not part of the network of larger airports operated by the parastatal Airports Company South Africa (ACSA). The Airport is managed by Indiza Airport Management. The Airport is also home to one of the only Aviation Maintenance Companies in the Northern Natal Province, Alton Aero Engineering.

It is Zambia's sole producer of Lime. Ndola Lime is located near the two cement manufacturing facilities. It supplies the mining industry as well as farmers who require agricultural lime. Ndola Lime company is wholly owned by ZCCM Investment Holdings, a parastatal holdings company via which Zambia's government maintains its active interest in the country's mining and closely related heavy industry.

The company, ZCCM, was formed by a gradual process of nationalization and corporate concatenation which began in January 1970; the process is more completely described in the article Economy of Zambia. A major switch in the structure of Zambia's economy came with the Mulungushi Reforms of April 1968: the government declared its intention to acquire equity holdings (usually 51% or more) in a number of key foreign-owned firms, to be controlled by a parastatal conglomerate named the Industrial Development Corporation (INDECO). By January 1970, Zambia had acquired majority holding in the Zambian operations of the two major foreign mining corporations, the Anglo American Corporation and the Rhodesia Selection Trust (RST); the two became the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines (NCCM) and Roan Consolidated Mines (RCM), respectively. The Zambian government then created a new parastatal body, the Mining Development Corporation (MINDECO).

Group Sonangol () is a parastatal that oversees petroleum and natural gas production in Angola. The group consists of Sonangol E.P. () and its many subsidiaries. The subsidiaries generally have Sonangol E.P. as a primary client, along with other corporate, commercial and individual clients. Angola is estimated to have over of offshore and coastal petroleum reserves, and new discoveries are outpacing consumption by a 5 to 1 ratio.

Malawi Railways is the national rail network in Malawi, run by a government corporation until privatisation in 1999. As of 1 December 1999 the Central East African Railways, a consortium led by Railroad Development Corporation, won the right to operate the network. This was the first rail privatisation in Africa which did not involve a parastatal operator. The rail network totalled 797 kilometres in 2001.

He was an accountant by profession and was a member of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya. During his professional career, he worked at Accountancy & Audit firms and at a Parastatal after which he established his own Accountancy and Consultancy practice. Over the years, he sat in the Boards of professional bodies and various international, regional and local financial and educational entities.

In 1989, Frans was invited to return to Malta and offered the position of Chief Executive Officer of Medserv Ltd. (a parastatal company that ran a specialised port and provided support services to the offshore oil industry). He was later also appointed Managing Director. In 1993, the employees of the company nominated him, and a special government committee selected him, as The Worker of Year.

The Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) is a state parastatal agency of the Government of Assam created for the Guwahati metropolitan area. The authority is responsible for planning and development of the metropolitan region and is currently preparing the revised master plan for Guwahati and the building bye-laws. The authority is also responsible for the activities related to building permissions in the city.

Böhler-Uddeholm is an Austrian company specialized in producing tool steel and special forgings. It was formed in 1991 as a result of a merger between the Austrian parastatal Böhler and of Uddeholms AB of Sweden. The company has production sites in Austria, Germany, Sweden, Brazil, Belgium, Turkey, China, United States and Mexico. As of September 2008 it is a wholly owned subsidiary of voestalpine.

The entrance to Gombe Stream National Park. The Tanzania National Parks Authority commonly known as TANAPA is responsible for the management of Tanzania's national parks. TANAPA is a parastatal corporation and all its income is reinvested into the organization. It is governed by a number of instruments including the National Parks Act, Chapter 282 of the 2002 and the Wildlife Conservation Act No. 5 of 2009.

The Tanzania Harbours Authority ran operations from 1977–2005. In Tanzania Ports Authority was established by the Ports Act No. 17 of 2004 as landlord port authority. The act separated waterway operations between the Tanzanian mainland and Zanzibar and gave TPA the authority over all lake ports on the Tanzanian mainland. The act incorporated the company into a Parastatal and therefore reducing governmental authority over the company.

In history, before separating executive and juridical competences, consistories of Lutheran state churches with central executive powers, therefore usually consisting of jurisprudents and clergy, did also function as courts appointed to regulate ecclesiastical affairs."Consistory" (entry), in: American Heritage Dictionary, retrieved on 2 December 2013. At times the consistories were parastatal offices in charge of all (Protestant) denominations (e.g. in Bremen-Verden) or even all religions (e.g.

Conditions of the structural adjustment agreement recently signed by Djibouti and the International Monetary Fund stipulate increased privatization of parastatal and government-owned monopolies. There are no patent laws in Djibouti.Bill Anderson As in most African nations, access to licenses and approvals is complicated not so much by law as by administrative procedures. In Djibouti, the administrative process has been characterized as a form of 'circular dependency.

Despite the restriction in freedom, the country enjoyed improved economic development as Kountché sought to create a 'development society', funded largely by the uranium mines in Agadez Region. Several parastatal companies were created, major infrastructure (building and new roads, schools, health centres) constructed, and there was minimal corruption in government agencies, which Kountché did not hesitate to punish severely.Kountché: 30 ans après son coup d'état .

In May 2017, Bemanya Twebaze, was appointed receiver-manager of Uganda Telecom Limited, a parastatal company which had failed to meet its financial obligations. Although a forensic audit by PricewaterhouseCoopers determined UTL's liabilities at Sh700 billion (approx. US$196 million), with total assets valued at Sh248 billion (approx. US$69 million), Bemanya Twebaze is optimistic that the business can be revived back to profitability.

In April 1988, the late James Mulwana, led a group of Ugandan industrialists and manufacturers to inaugurate UMA. The founder-members included James Mulwana, Alam Manzoor, Aga Ssekalaala Sr., Gordon Wavamunno, Henry Makmot and several other executives from government parastatal companies. There was an association by the same name founded in the 1960s by the late Jayant Madhvani, but that association collapsed when he died in 1971.

Yuma joined UTEXAFRICA, a textile and real estate development company now known as TEXAF, in 1983. He serves as its co-managing director and is also a major shareholder, where he derives most of his wealth. Since late 2010, he has served as the chairman of Congo's parastatal mining enterprise Gécamines. Under his leadership, he attempted to grow the company in spite of its international competitors.

The company was founded in 1980 by the Tanzanian government. It was inaugurated by Tanzania's founder-president, Julius Nyerere in 1981. In 1989, the parastatal, then known as Tanga Cement Company Limited entered into a management contract with Holcim Cement of Switzerland. In 1996, the government of Tanzania sold 60 percent shareholding in the company to Holcim Cement, the management company of the business.

The government bureaucracy comprises traditional ministries, special agencies, and parastatal companies. The Ministry of Interior controls a system of regional governors and prefects modeled on the French system of local administration. Under this system, Mauritania has 13 regions (wilaya), including the capital district, Nouakchott. Control remains tightly concentrated in the executive branch of the central government, but a series of national and municipal elections since 1992 have produced some limited decentralization.

Tanzania Ports Authority (TPA) is a parastatal public corporation acting under the aegis of the Ministry of Infrastructure Development, that has the responsibility "to manage and operate" the ocean ports and lake ports of the country of Tanzania.TPA, About TPAMinistry of Infrastructure Development, Front page The Tanzania Ports Authrorty headquarters are located in Kurasini Dar es Salaam. It is a member of the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa.

Over the past 20 years, many African countries have split their state-owned post and telecom companies into two separate units. In Eswatini, Eswatini Posts and Telecommunications Corporation provides the two services under one corporate umbrella. The company, known as EPTC, is divided into four units: EswatiniPost, EswatiniTelecom, Phutfumani and Eswatini.net. The EPTC is a parastatal company and is responsible to the Ministry of Information, Communications and Technology.

It was reported that The Panama Paper named Coker a sole shareholder of BVI, a company that owns a £1.65m townhouse in Kensington and Chelsea. His lawyers has stated that Folorunsho has multiple sources of income and all interest have been declared. Folorunsho's spouse, Aisha Rimi was rumored to have business dealings with the number plate production authority of Lagos State, during Folorunsho's tenure as managing director of the parastatal.

Armed park ranger protecting the gorillas The park is owned by the Uganda Wildlife Authority, a parastatal government body. The park has total protection, although communities adjacent to the park can access some of its resources. The areas bordering the park have a high population density of more than 300 people per square kilometer. Some of the people who live in these areas are among the poorest people in Uganda.

On the mainland the largest city, Bata, still has regular blackouts. Water is only available in the major towns and is not always reliable because of poor maintenance and mismanagement. Some villages and rural areas are equipped with generators and water pumps, usually owned by private individuals. Parastatal Getesa, a joint venture with a minority ownership stake held by a French subsidiary of Orange, provides telephone service in the major cities.

The Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO) is a parastatal under the Nigerian Ministry of Science & Technology. It is a multidisciplinary research and development establishment located in Kwali Area Council about 70 km from Abuja, Nigeria. SHESTCO was established by the Federal Government of Nigeria in 1993. The complex has three well-equipped laboratories for biotechnology, chemistry and physics, and a Nuclear Technology Centre with a gamma irradiation plant.

Nevertheless, the government renewed the firm's license, though Zhuwao said that his connection to President Mugabe was not a factor. In 2014, he was named chairman of the newly-created board of directors of the parastatal Zimbabwe Power Company by Minister of Energy and Power Development Dzikamai Mavhaire. In 2014, Zhuwao started his own think tank, the Zhuwao Institute. The Harare-based institute focuses on research and economic development.

Lekota subsequently served as the chairperson of the National Council of Provinces from 1997 to 1999, before being appointed Minister of Defence. In this position he was responsible for ordering eight A400M military transport aircraft from Airbus by the Armscor parastatal in 2005, for a price of R17bn. He was also elected as National Chairperson of the ANC in December 1997, a position which he held until 2007. He was succeeded by Baleka Mbete.

Tekel A.S. (Turkish, literally single-hand or monopoly and generally capitalised as TEKEL) was a Turkish tobacco and alcoholic beverages company. It was nationalised in 1925 from a parastatal (government owned/controlled) company, the Régie. A joint foreign and Ottoman consortium, the Régie was short for "La Société de la régie co-intéressée des tabacs de l'Empire Ottoman". Tekel evolved into the sole manufacturer and distributor of all alcohol and tobacco products in Turkey.

ERA was established in 2000, in accordance with the Electricity Act of 1999, as an agency of the Uganda Ministry of Energy, Oil and Mineral Development. This parastatal is governed by a five- member board, also known as the "Authority". The day-to-day affairs of the agency are supervised by the chief executive officer. Organizations and committees within the purview of the ERA include the Rural Electrification Board and the Electricity Consumer Committees.

What remained was sold to various edible oil manufacturing concerns, none of which succeeded. For example, a Chinese-built peanut oil mill at Abéché, finished in 1969, never operated. Local farmers sold surplus peanuts through traditional channels, rather than to the state monopoly set up in 1965, the National Trading Company of Chad (Société Nationale de Commercialisation du Tchad—SONACOT). This parastatal bought local produce for sale abroad or domestically to state-run commercial operations.

According to the reports of 2008, the Revenue Department has been requested that wasteland, adjoining the sanctuary, should not be released for agricultural purposes. The Forest Department was also prepared to purchase this land to extend the limits of the sanctuary. Presently, the Forest Department has acquired additional land of from a parastatal organization of the state government. A proposal has been initiated for transfer of of spare land of the Gujarat Energy Development Corporation.

Malawian rail station near the border to Mozambique, 1984 Malawi Railways diesel railcar, 1984 Malawi Railways was a government corporation that ran the national rail network of Malawi, Africa, until privatisation in 1999. With effect from 1 December 1999, the Central East African Railways consortium led by Railroad Development Corporation won the right to operate the network. This was the first rail privatisation in Africa which did not involve a parastatal operator.

Until 1852 the law did not even recognise Reformed congregations but considered them as legally indistinct local outposts of the parastatal consistories. Cernay On 26 March 1852 Napoleon III signed a decree, influenced by Charles Read, which still did not provide for a general synod, but at least made the Reformed congregations distinct legal entities, whose governing bodies (called presbyteries) - according to then Reformed doctrine - were elected by the male adult members.

The SABC had monopoly over the airwaves even though there were some free-to-air broadcasting services in the former Bantustans. These broadcasting services (like Radio Bop, Bop TV, Capital Radio and Radio 702) partially overlapped from the Bantustan areas into certain parts of South Africa. Telecommunications was provided and regulated by a monopoly parastatal, the South African Post and Telecommunications (SAPT). In the late 1980s, certain aspects of the telecommunications market were liberalised.

Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation (ICDC) is a Kenyan government-owned development finance institution focused on growing the local economy. ICDC is a government parastatal, whose primary objective is to facilitate the investment by Kenyans in the economy of the country, while simultaneously providing financing to Kenyan businesses and manufacturers, thus growing the local economy. Overview of ICDC , the company's total assets were valued at approximately US$138 million (KES:11.9 billion).

The Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (Swahili: Shirika la Maendeleo ya Petroli Tanzania) is the national oil company of Tanzania and owner of all licenses for energy development in the country. The company was established through the Government Notice No.140 of 30 May 1969 under the Public Corporations Act No.17 of 1969. The Corporation began operations in 1973. It is a wholly owned Government parastatal, with all its shares held by the Treasurer Registrar.

Cotton accounts for about 3% of total exports and is the third source of export earnings for Senegal (some 28 million US dollars over the period 1995-2000). Cotton is grown in nearly every region and covers almost one third of cultivated acreage. The cotton industry is managed through the former parastatal SODEFITEX, which was privatized in November 2003 with producers holding 30% of the company's shares. Production of food crops does not meet Senegal's needs.

Any matters in which the Public Protector has jurisdiction may be reported to the office of the Public Protector by any person. In terms of the Public Protector act 23 of 1994 Jurisdiction and other legislative acts, the Public Protector may investigate, on the basis of a complaint or on his or her own initiative, any level of government. This includes national, provincial and local government, any public office bearer, any parastatal and any statutory council.

The Régie Company () was a parastatal company formed in the later Ottoman Empire by the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, with backing from a consortium of European banks. The company had a monopoly over tobacco production. Revenue from the Regie Company was supposed to help overcome the Ottoman state's persistent shortage of income. The Regie Company constituted the largest foreign investment in the Ottoman Empire, and it attempted to introduce more efficient production methods - against local resistance.

Thus Israelite French consistories were, like their Protestant namesakes, parastatal entities to represent these religious minorities to the administration, which in return used to control them. Eligible to become members of the consistory were Israelites who had reached the age of thirty years, who had never been bankrupt, nor practised usury. The central consistory consisted of three grand rabbis and two lay members. Every year one grand rabbi retired, and the remaining members elected his successor.

By the 1905 French law on the Separation of Religions and the State, the Israelite consistories in France lost their status as établissements publics du culte (public-law corporations of cult). With the defeat of Germany in World War I, in 1919 the three Israelite consistories in Alsace-Moselle returned to French jurisdiction. Their concordatary status has since been preserved in what is now called the local law in Alsace-Moselle. They retain their status as parastatal entities.

Business incubation and innovation are being promoted by several Ugandan institutions, including the Uganda Industrial Research Institute and the Uganda Investment Authority. The latter is a parastatal agency which works in conjunction with the government to facilitate private sector investment. One of the authority's most flourishing sectors is ICTs. This sector has seen major investment in recent years to develop Uganda's backbone infrastructure network, which consists of fibre-optic cables and related equipment, as well as mobile broadband infrastructure.

It is currently part of the Federal Ministry of Education and is a parastatal (government-owned corporation). The commission has a Governing Council, currently headed by Professor Shehu Galadanchi and its Executive Secretary is Prof. Abubakar Rasheed, who assumed office on 3 August 2016. Since its establishment, the commission has transformed from a small office in the Cabinet Office to an important arm of government in the area of development and management of university education in Nigeria.

Corruption leading to shortages of rice in a number of areas caused a scandal in 1977, and the government was forced to take over direct responsibility for rice marketing. In 1982 SINPA maintained a large share in the distribution system for agricultural commodities; it subcontracted many smaller parastatal agencies to handle distribution in certain areas. The decreasing commercialization of rice and other commodities continued, however, suggesting that transportation bottlenecks and producer prices were undermining official distribution channels.

At first, ADMARC accumulated substantial profits and re-invested them in a range of private companies and statutory corporations.C Ng'ong'ola, (1986), Malawi's Agricultural Economy and the Evolution of Legislation on the Production and Marketing of Peasant Economic Crops, p. 257. Compared to those its neighbours Tanzania, Zambia, and later Mozambique and Zimbabwe, Malawi's parastatal bodies were less bureaucratic and aimed to be business-like and profitable. In particular, ADMARC was considered by outside agencies to be efficient until 1980.

The highway, for the most part, follows the route of the existing single carriageway road, that is in various stages of disrepair. The Government of Kenya, through its parastatal Kenya National Highways Authority, plans to widen the road to a dual carriageway. As of January 2019, the design for the Kenol–Nyeri section was complete. At that time, it was expected that by June 2019, the design of the Nyeri–Isolo section would also be complete.

In October 2010, Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA), a parastatal, publicly announced that in 2011, it would begin upgrading of 32 different national roads in the country, from unsealed gravel surface to class II bitumen. This road was one of the roads on that list. The road was divided into two sections; (a) Mpigi–Kanoni Road and (b) Kanoni–Sembabule Road . Work on both sections started in 2014, with expected completion in the second half of 2017.

The 1999 growth rate was three percent. The unofficial growth rate in 2005 was 0.5 percent. In 2006, it was 3.2%. Developed in junction with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the ERP significantly reduced the government's role in the economy, encouraged foreign investment, enabled the government to clear all its arrears on loan repayments to foreign governments and the multilateral banks, and brought about the sale of 15 of the 41 government-owned (parastatal) businesses.

After the Thirty Years' War, however, there were only nine conventuals. In the 19th century, efforts were made to transfer the estate of the nunnery to the state. But it was not until 1920, when the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin constitution was introduced, that the state appropriated all such parastatal entities, such as women's convents. As a result, Mecklenburg-Schwerin's Lutheran church was only allowed to continue legally as an organisation independent of the state.

The company is entirely owned by the government of Tanzania and is one of the four social security funds in the country. The others are the Parastatal Pension Fund, the Public Service Pensions Fund, and the Local Authority Pension Fund. All the funds formerly were limited to separate sectors of the workforce; however, the regulations were liberalized in the early 2000s with all funds being authorized to enroll any employees in the formal and informal sector.

The Cameroon Development Corporation is an agro-industrial complex that grows, processes and markets tropical export crops. It operates in Cameroon in the Central African sub-region. It is a parastatal company with current share capital of 35,718,806,000 FCFA, and its operations are coordinated by the General Manager and governed by a Board of Directors presided by a Chairman. Currently, its plantations cover a total of approximately 42,000 hectares of land, 38,000 hectares is mature and of production stage.

Her contributions to the Nigerian society has been recognized by several institutions and governmental parastatal. On 9 July 2016, she was awarded the “Young Person of the Year Award” at the 2016 Miss Tourism Nigeria beauty pageant. She is also a recipient of Wise Women Awards' "Christian Woman in Media Award" which she won in June 2016. In 2018, Esther won the Social Entrepeneur of the Year Award at the Exquisite Ladies of the Year Awards.

Shaetonhodi became a member of the National Assembly of Namibia in 1995. In that same year, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Labour and served as Acting Minister of Labour from 1997-1999 following the death of Moses ǁGaroëb. From 1999 until he left the National Assembly in 2002, he served as Deputy Minister of Works Transport and Communication. In 2001 while still in the Cabinet of Namibia, Shaetonhodi was named Director of the railway parastatal TransNamib.

The National Monuments of Eswatini, in Southern Africa, are proclaimed in accordance with the National Trust Commission Act, 1972. The same act saw the establishment of the Swaziland National Trust Commission. The Commission, a parastatal of the Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs, is charged with the protection and promotion of the country's cultural heritage. As of May 2012, three National Monuments have been proclaimed with a number of candidate sites for future proclamation under examination.

NHCC was established by the National Housing Corporation Act of 1964, as a government parastatal. The Act was repealed by the 1974 Decree to form the National Housing and Construction Corporation. In July 2002, the corporation became a public limited liability company known as the National Housing and Construction Company Limited. Later, the Uganda government partially divested from NHCC by selling 49 percent shareholding to the Libyan African Investment Company, an investment company owned by the government of Libya.

In 2002, the government of Uganda, through the Uganda Electricity Generation Company, a 100 percent parastatal, awarded a 20-year operational, management, and maintenance concession to Eskom Uganda Limited, a subsidiary of Eskom, the South African energy company, to cover both Kiira Power Station and nearby Nalubaale Power Station. Eskom sells the electricity it generates to the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited (UETCL), the authorized single buyer. UETCL resells the power to Umeme, the energy distributor.

Companies and Intellectual Property Authority (CIPA) is Botswana's registrar of companies and is a government parastatal. It falls under the Ministry of Trade and Industry. All forms of companies (as permitted by Botswana Companies and Intellectual Property Authority Act) are incorporated and registered with CIPA and file specific details as required by the current Companies and Intellectual Property Authority Act. All registered limited companies, including subsidiary, small and inactive companies, must file annual financial statements in addition to annual company returns.

TelOne Zimbabwe is a Telecommunications parastatal company owned by the Zimbabwe government headquartered in Harare's Central Business District. It is the largest telecoms entity in Zimbabwe and has the second largest fixed line network in Southern Africa after Telkom South Africa. TelOne core business revolves around provision of telecommunication services and products under three main brands, namely Broadband, Voice and Satellite. It is Zimbabwe’s sole fixed landline services provider with a wide network distribution with infrastructure in almost every corner of the country.

As at 2011, all members of class 93 and 94 formed part of the fleet of the Rift Valley Railways, which currently manages the parastatal railways of Kenya and Uganda. They were all still serviceable and suitable for rehabilitation and upgrading. Another group of U26Cs, known as class 95, consisted of eleven South African Class 34-400 units, converted to metre gauge. They were leased from Spoornet for a number of years until April 2002, when they were returned to South Africa.

HFB is owned by the Uganda National Social Security Fund (50.0 percent). The government of Uganda, through the Uganda Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, owns 49.18 percent. The remaining 0.82 percent is owned by the National Housing and Construction Company, a parastatal company jointly owned by the government of Uganda (51 percent) and the government of Libya (49 percent). HFB had planned to list its shares on the Uganda Securities Exchange in 2012, however, those plans were postponed.

When Ivory Coast gained independence, the export of pineapple products was less than half that of banana products. During the 1960s and 1970s, exports grew steadily, and by the early 1970s, the number of pineapple exports had surpassed the number of banana exports. In the 1980s, Thailand began competing with Ivory Coast, pushing world prices downward. Economic reforms in Ivory Coast reduced subsidies for several state enterprises and closed others, including Corfruitel, the parastatal in charge of marketing fruits, such as pineapples.

Planned liberalism is an economic policy followed in Cameroon since the 1960s that aims to merge the best concepts of capitalism and socialism. In 1965, Cameroon changed from its previous economic philosophy, African socialism, under the guidance of its first president, Ahmadou Ahidjo. Under planned liberalism, the state began regulating and managing natural resources and guiding foreign investment into specific economic sectors or geographic areas. In the process, the government has partnered with foreign firms to set up various parastatal enterprises.

The strategic road between India and Myanmar, built with assistance from the Government of India, is the Tamu–Kalay road. The Border Roads Organization, a parastatal organization of the Government of India, started construction of this road in 1997, which was opened by the Foreign Minister of India in 2001. This road has facilitated trans-border movement between India and Myanmar. Apart from this road, the town is well connected by a network of roads with Kalay, Gangaw, Monywa, Yagyi and Mandalay.

The law provides for union elections every five years; however, the transitional government did not allow them in the public sector, with the exception of parastatal industries. According to MONUC, security forces arbitrarily arrested and detained the head of the trade union Prosperity on January 27 following a meeting in which he denounced irregularities in public sector salary payments. No additional information was available by year's end. The law prohibits discrimination against unions, although this regulation was not enforced effectively.

In 2014, it was reported that the scope of the project had been increased to 44.7 megawatts from the original 26 megawatts. Two interconnected dams, Muzizi A (26 megawatts) and Muzizi B (18.7 megawatts), are now proposed. The developer was going to be the Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited (UEGCL), a government parastatal, in partnership with a private investor. In February 2014, UEGCL applied to Uganda's Electricity Regulatory Authority for a license to generate up to 44.7 megawatts of power at Muzizi.

In the aftermath, the East African Post and Telecommunications Corporation (EAP&TC;) was established and replaced the East African Posts and Telecommunications Administration. However, ten years later, the breaking up of EAC in 1977 forced EAC member countries to re-establish their own national Postal, Telegraph and Telephone businesses. Therefore, in 1978 in Tanzania a parastatal was established under the name Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications Corporation (TPTC). In 1993 when the government of Tanzania heavily restructured parastatals, the Telecommunication sector was liberalised.

In 2006 to 2007, the company was a registered supplier to Pikitup, where they were awarded tender number PU 68/2003, providing hire of labour to the parastatal. This contract ended on February 28, 2007. SA Waste is in the process (as of March 2008) of tendering for another contract at Pikitup. This one will involve providing of a total refuse removal service (Including round-collected refuse removal, street cleaning, servicing of garden sites, and servicing informal settlements) for Johannesburg's Ivory Park area.

Métro léger and bus in Tunis The Société des transports de Tunis or Transtu is the parastatal authority to manage public mass transit in the greater Tunis area (Grand Tunis). It supervises the bus network, the Métro léger de Tunis (a light railway system) and the TGM light rail link to La Marsa. Transtu was founded in 2003 when the Société nationale des transports (SNT) and the Société du métro léger de Tunis (SMLT) were combined. Annually Transtu handles about 460 million passagers.

Many Zimbabwean museums are administered by the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe (a Zimbabwean government parastatal). They all open between 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM and are open every day except on Good Friday and Christmas Day. They are open to everyone, and a fee may be charged depending with whether you are a local resident or a non-resident and on whether you are a child or an adult. Below is a list of museums in Zimbabwe.

Edward Fenech Adami aboard the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67). Following a set of constitutional changes, the party winning an absolute majority of votes would be guaranteed a parliamentary majority. In 1987, following a two-month-long campaign and thousands of workers employed with governmental agencies, parastatal and state-owned enterprises, the Nationalist Party won the general elections with a majority of 5,000 votes. Between 1987 and 1992, Fenech Adami ushered a major period of change in Malta.

Amadou and Ousmane came into sharp conflict with one another, and the political system became paralyzed by the dispute. Beginning in April 1995, Ousmane refused to attend meetings of the Council of Ministers; Amadou replaced parastatal managers in July despite Ousmane's objections, and Amadou attempted to assume the presidential role with regard to the Council of Ministers.Jibrin Ibrahim and Abdoulayi Niandou Souley, "The rise to power of an opposition party: the MNSD in Niger Republic", Politeia, volume 15, number 3, Unisa Press, 1996.

However, in 1996, when government shareholding stands at 51.17%, the stock of the bank was listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. In 2013, the bank renamed itself GCB Bank Ltd, with a new brand identity which was launched at the end of 2014. Today, GCB Bank Ltd serves the banking needs of large corporations, parastatal companies, small and medium enterprises as well as individuals. , the bank employs 1,532 staff, in branches distributed in all 10 regions of the Republic of Ghana.

The Mozambican railway system developed over more than a century from three different ports on the Indian Ocean that served as terminals for separate lines to the hinterland. The railroads were major targets during the Mozambican Civil War, were sabotaged by RENAMO, and are being rehabilitated. A parastatal authority, Portos e Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique (abbreviated CFM; in English- Mozambique Ports and Railways), oversees the railway system of Mozambique and its connected ports, but management has been largely outsourced. Each line has its own development corridor.

The Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) is an autonomous parastatal under the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture of the Republic of Zimbabwe, responsible for the administration of public examinations in Zimbabwean schools. Its syllabuses were evaluated by the National Academic Recognitiation Centre (NARIC) in the United Kingdom, and found to be equivalent to the General Certificate Of Education Standard offered in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, United States of America and the other English-speaking countries, hence the internationally recognised qualifications conferred by the Council.

The Tanzania Ports Authority is a Parastatal company wholly owned by the Government of Tanzania. The company is managed by a board of 5–8 members and a chairman who is appointed by the president. The organisation comes under the Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication and the ministry has the power to assign board members. The company has a similar management structure to any major company and in addition to this each major ocean and lake port has a port master in charge of operations.

In November 2007 parastatal electricity supplier Eskom awarded the biggest single contract in its history, for six steam generators worth R20 billion, to a consortium including Hitachi Power Africa. At the time of the award that company was 25% owned by Chancellor House.Engineering News(1) In February 2008 the ANC said it would appoint advisers with a view to transparently exiting the transaction due to governance issues.Business Report(1) In March 2008 the office of the Public Protector said an investigation into the transaction was underway.

In this their situation was similar to that of the three Israelite consistories in the area which had been cut off from the Paris-based Central Consistory. Proponents of Calvinism and Judaism then took the endeavour to form new statewide umbrella organisations.Anthony Steinhoff, The gods of the city: Protestantism and religious culture in Strasbourg, 1870-1914, Leiden und Boston: Brill, 2008, p. 80. . According to Reformed doctrine the new central body needed the mandate of an elected synod, rather than being a parastatal authority.

The Congo's growing petroleum sector is by far the country's major revenue earner. In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. However, the government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its oil earnings, contributing to the government's shortage of revenues. The Congolese oil sector is dominated by the French parastatal oil company Total, which accounts for 70% of the country's annual oil production.

From 2002 until 2011, Irene Muloni worked as the Managing Director of the Uganda Electricity Distribution Company Limited (UEDCL), a Ugandan parastatal company, responsible for distribution of electrical power to both commercial and retail customers nationwide. In 2011, she entered elective politics, by successfully contesting for the Bulambuli District Women's Representative in the 9th Ugandan Parliament (2011 - 2016). On 27 May 2011, she was appointed Minister of Energy & Minerals, by President Yoweri Museveni. She replaced Hilary Onek, who was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs.

Chuku Wachuku (born Chukumere "Anaba Ndubuisi" Wachuku, 1947), a royal prince of Ngwaland, is a United States educated Nigerian economist, politician, statesman, servant leader, business analyst, management expert and specialist on entrepreneurship development and SMEs: Small and Medium Enterprises. He is first Director-General of Ngwa origin at Federal Government of Nigeria major parastatal; NDE: National Directorate of Employment. Accordingly, Wachuku is President and Chief Executive Officer of AIEN: Agriculture and Industrial Entrepreneurs of Nigeria. Wachuku was national president of NASSI: Nigerian Association of Small Scale Industrialists.

Chinese Friendship Farms are part of the agricultural cooperation of the People's Republic of China with many African states. Some of the numerous projects started as development aid, other (and later) engagements lost this aspect. "China’s 'Friendship Farms' in various African countries are formally owned by a Chinese parastatal organisation, but are mostly medium scale, usually below 1000 hectares." While the intended and more often cited farm sizes are reported in the thousands, actual sizes are much smaller or the engagement never became operational.

The East African School of Taxation provides tax training and consultancy services in East Africa. The school is located in Kampala, Uganda, and is the first taxation school in East Africa. It offers courses in income tax and revenue administration, certificates of merit in taxation, and tailor-made courses in taxation for parastatal organizations, the private sector, local governments and small and medium enterprises. The school also offers training in facilitating tax planning processes, salary, and benefits tax consultancy, tax management systems and tax audits.

He contested the general elections for the first time in 1966 on the 13th and 8th district. He was elected in the Maltese Parliament in 1966 and in all subsequent elections until 2013. Plaque at Romeo Romano Gardens making reference to Debono Grech as Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture In 1983 he was appointed Minister of Parastatal and People's Investments and later held the Agriculture and Fisheries portfolio for four years until 1987. When Labour was reelected in 1996 he served as minister of Transport and Ports.

The Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation, usually known as ADMARC, was formed in Malawi in 1971 as a Government-owned corporation or parastatal to promote the Malawian economy by increasing the volume and quality of its agricultural exports, to develop new foreign markets for the consumption of Malawian agricultural produce and to support Malawi's farmers. It was the successor of a number of separate marketing boards of the colonial- era and early post-colonial times, whose functions were as much about controlling African smallholders or generating government revenues as in promoting agricultural development. At its foundation, ADMARC was given the power to finance the economic development of any public or private organisation, agricultural or not. In its first decade of operation, ADMARC was considered to be more business-like and less bureaucratic than similar parastatal bodies in other African nations, but from its formation it was involved in the diversion of resources from smallholder farming to tobacco estates, often owned by members of the ruling elite. This led to corruption, abuse of office and inefficiency in ADMARC and, as the result of declining world tobacco prices, it had become insolvent by 1985.

The main economic activity in Nyandarua is farming (crop cultivation and dairy farming). In late 1990s Nyandarua was a leading producer of pyrethrum, however Kenya Pyrethrum Board the parastatal that was given the role of purchasing, processing and marketing the crop collapsed because of poor management and corruption, severely undermining the livelihood of many farmers. Nyandarua county is well known as a giant in potato farming. However, there has been a number of challenges that are associated with farming such as fluctuation of the market, poor roads, and crop diseases.

During the Ugandan elections of 1980, at the age of 36, Matia Kasaija was elected to the Ugandan Parliament. From 1980 until 1981, he served as the State Minister for Labor. From 1981 until 1986, he served as a member of the External Wing of the National Resistance Army. Between 1987 and 1990, he served as the Executive Director of the Departed Asians Property Custodian Board, a government parastatal that was charged with safeguarding the property expropriated from the Asians expelled from the country by Idi Amin in the 1970s.

Howdy's convenience store, part of Western Refining's retail services Western owns and operates more than 260 convenience stores and gas stations located in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. The company markets under its own brands of Giant, Mustang, Sundial, and (through Northern Tier Energy in the Minnesota, Wisconsin and South Dakota) SuperAmerica, plus a number of locations feature the brands of other oil companies. They also license Western branded fuel to other retail stores. Western both purchases oil from the Mexican parastatal Pemex and sells refined oil products back to buyers in Mexico.

The largest of the parastatal sugar projects, the Kananah Sugar Project, opened in 1981 and was important in eliminating sugar imports by 1986. In 1999 plans were announced for a large production facility in the White Nile region, with major funding from the Chinese government. Sudan and the People’s Republic of China also agreed to build a sixth sugar plant. And, in May 2002, Sudan inaugurated a new facility at the state-owned Sudan Sugar Company in New Haifa, which by the late 2000s produced 60,000 tonnes of white sugar per year.

OUTA has chosen to focus its efforts on the South African government's management of parastatal entities: Eskom, South African Airways, the South African Broadcasting Corporation and the South African National Roads Agency. This focus is due to the Auditor-General revealing a fivefold increase in irregular spending from 2007 to 2015, with much of the unaccounted-for expenditure taking place at the subnational level. OUTA is currently involved in a number of investigations, many of which centre around those involved in state capture and corruption related to politically connected officials and business individuals.

Following the successful completion of the festival, the artifacts of the 59 countries and communities were kept in trust by Nigeria, the host country. This prompted the establishment of the Center for Black and African Arts and Civilization (CBAAC), a federal parastatal with offices in Marina, Lagos and FCT, Abuja. Monuments of the festival are currently being preserved in a museum at the Center. The archive of the USA contingent's participation is owned and maintained by photographer Marilyn Nance, the official photographer for FESTAC 77's North American Zone (NAZ).

The National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria is a parastatal of the Federal Government Ministry of Health. It was on September 24, 1979 under the decree No. 67 now Cap N59 Laws of the Federation 2004, as a corporate body to medical specialists, capable of providing world-class research, teaching and health care. Today, the college is the apex of medical education in Nigeria. On September 14, 2015, the college faulted and objected the dissolution of the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria by Muhammadu Buhari, the President of Nigeria.

The new ministry would have a Minister in charge of development of Niger Delta area, and a Minister of State in charge of youth empowerment. The existing Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) was to become a parastatal under the ministry. Yar'Adua said that the Ministry would coordinate efforts to tackle the challenges of infrastructural development, environment protection and youth empowerment in the Niger Delta. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) treated the announcement with caution, saying the new Ministry could be yet another avenue for corruption and political favoritism.

More valuable commercially, hard blocks of black natron were exported to Nigeria. White natron was sold on local markets, principally in N'Djamena and farther to the south. Although efforts were made in the late 1960s to control the commercialization of natron through the creation of a parastatal, by 1970 those efforts had failed because of resistance by traditional chiefs and traders who controlled production through a system of perpetual indebtedness. A number of other mineral deposits are known, but none had been commercially exploited by the mid-1980s.

For a period of six years, from 1971 until 1977, Badru Kiggundu served as an engineer and executive with the National Housing and Construction Company, a government parastatal company, where he was responsible for road construction. After completing his doctoral studies in 1981, he was hired by the University of New Mexico as a research scientist, working in that capacity for six years. In 1987, Auburn University in Alabama, hired him as a research program manager and Assistant Professor in civil engineering. He worked in that capacity until 1988, when he returned to Uganda.

Chancellor House is a South African group of companies active in the mining, engineering, energy and information technology sectors.Mail & Guardian(1) It is named after Chancellor House, the building where the law firm of Nelson Mandela and Oliver Tambo was located.Mail & Guardian(2) After initially being exposed as a surreptitious funding front for the African National Congress it was subsequently acknowledged as an in-house investment firm for the party.Mail & Guardian (3) It is best known for the controversy surrounding the award to it of lucrative black economic empowerment and parastatal contracts.

So the pre-1905 Reformed Church of France entered into heavy controversies on doctrinal and teaching matters which could not be resolved due to the lacking general synod. Many Calvinists were adherents of the Christian revival movement (in France they were then called évangéliques) colliding with proponents of religious liberalism. The congregations still could not employ the pastors, since the advowson was with the parastatal consistories. When the consistories appointed pastors of a particular theological leaning to a congregation whose members and elected bodies clung to another opinion, it often created hefty quarrels.

There were widespread shortages of consumer goods that encouraged a growth of hoarding and smuggling, while many returning soldiers resorted to criminality. Tanzania's Finance Minister Edwin Mtei entered negotiations with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and in early 1979 came to an agreement that the country would receive debt relief in exchange for a program of austerity measures including parastatal restricting, wage freezes, raising interest rates, and relaxing import controls. When Mtei brought the deal to Nyerere, the latter rejected it, seeing it as a rejection of his socialist message. Mtei then resigned.

Three soldiers took the digger to a cell, suspended him upside down from an electrified post, and beat him for two hours to extract the names of ex-military groups illegally working in the concession of the Mine of Bakwanga (MIBA) diamond parastatal. Republican Guard (GR) troops arbitrarily arrested and tortured 84 fishermen in Equateur Province on August 24. The soldiers allegedly stripped, trampled, and beat the men before locking them in an underground cell in inhuman conditions for three days. They also confiscated the fishermen's voting cards.

This conference made recommendations that set the terms of public debate. In 1991, Telkom SA Limited (Telkom) was established as a parastatal to undertake the provision of telecommunications services in South Africa. It separated from SAPT, which acted as an industry regulator. In the beginning of 1992, the Congress of Democratic South Africa (CODESA) started negotiations on the future democratic political dispensation of the country, the drafting of the Interim Constitution, the Local Government Transition Act and the establishment of the Independent Broadcasting Authority Act (the IBA Act).

Little input from the civilian sector was allowed, and no offers were made to return any part of the government to civilian control during the SMC's first five years in power. SMC members believed that the country's problems were caused by a lack of organization, which could be remedied by applying military organization and thinking. This was the extent of the SMC philosophy. Officers were put in charge of all ministries and state enterprises; junior officers and sergeants were assigned leadership roles down to the local level in every government department and parastatal organization.

The company was founded in 1975, as a public limited liability company, by three Kenyan parastatal companies: Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation, Kenya Wine Agencies Limited (KWAL), and Kenya National Trading Corporation. The main objective at the time was to create outlets for the equitable distribution of commodities and to create retail outlets for Kenyan manufactures. In 1976, Uchumi's shareholders signed a management contract with Standa SPA, an Italian supermarket chain, to train Kenyans to run the new enterprise. The shares of the company stock were listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) in 1992.

Zambia has yet to address issues such as reducing the size of the public sector, which still represents 44% of total formal employment, and improving Zambia's social sector delivery systems. After the government privatized the giant parastatal mining company Zambian Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM), donors resumed balance-of-payment support. The final transfer of ZCCM's assets occurred on March 31, 2000. Although balance-of-payment payments are not the answer to Zambia's long-term debt problems, it will in the short term provide the government some breathing room to implement further economic reforms.

Before 2005, NamPower, the electricity supply parastatal in Namibia, maintained a Firm Power Contract (FPC) with Eskom of South Africa. That year, the contract expired and could not be renewed because South Africa was having a power shortage of its own. Joint feasibility studies, environmental and resettlement assessments, selected the present location, because it was the least disruptive to the environment and to the lives of the indigenous communities. The governments of Angola and Namibia decided to build a 600 megawatt power station and share the energy equally.

The Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) is a parastatal organization under the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. TIE is "charged with the responsibility of ensuring the quality of education in Tanzania at the pre-school, primary, secondary and teacher training levels." It was founded in 1963 under an act of parliament whereby TIE was under the University College of Dar es Salaam, then a constituent of the University of East Africa. In 1975, parliament legally disengaged TIE from the University of Dar es Salaam and made TIE a state corporation.

He was subsequently appointed as Deputy Director of the Cabinet of the President for Economic, Financial, and Administrative Affairs in 1984. After President Omar Bongo visited the United States in August 1987 and met with representatives of various American companies, he selected Biyoghé Mba to head a program that would work with American companies to facilitate investment in Gabon.Ian M. Davis, "Gabon celebrates 20 years of progress, reaffirms interest in foreign investment", Business America, 11 April 1988. Biyoghé Mba continued to serve as Deputy Director of the Presidential Cabinet until he entered the government as Minister of Trade, Consumption, and the Transfer of Technology in 1989. After winning a seat in the 1990 parliamentary election, Biyoghé Mba left the government and served as a Deputy in the National Assembly from 1990 to 1992. He was then appointed as Minister of State Control, Parastatal Reform and Privatization in 1992 and was treasurer of President Bongo's 1993 re-election campaign.Africa International (1997) He remained Minister of State Control, Parastatal Reform and Privatization until he resigned from the government on 27 February 1994,Africa Research Bulletin (1994), page 11,597. accusing the government of "authoritarian drift" in the wake of riots in Libreville and Port-Gentil.

Major foreign-owned banks, such as Barclays, Standard Chartered and Grindlays Bank, successfully resisted takeover. In 1971, IDC, MINDE, and FINDECO were brought together under an omnibus parastatal, the Zambia Industrial and Mining Corporation (ZIMCO), to create one of the largest companies in sub-Saharan Africa, with Francis Kaunda as chairman of the board. The management contracts under which day-to-day operations of the mines had been carried out by Anglo American and RST were terminated in 1973. In 1982, NCCM and RCM were merged into the giant Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Investment Holdings Ltd (ZCCM-IH).

Railway network of Mozambique Steam locomotive at Inhambane, 2009 The Mozambican railway system developed over more than a century from three different ports on the Indian Ocean that serve as terminals for separate lines to the hinterland. The railroads were major targets during the Mozambican Civil War, were sabotaged by RENAMO, and are being rehabilitated. A parastatal authority, Portos e Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique (abbreviated CFM; in English Mozambique Ports and Railways), oversees the railway system of Mozambique and its connected ports, but management has been largely outsourced. Each line has its own development corridor.

Mining is the extraction[removal]of minerals and metals from the earth. The Nigerian Coal Corporation (NCC) is a parastatal corporation that was formed in 1950 and held a monopoly on the mining, processing, and sales of coal, lignite, and coke products until 1999. Coal was first discovered in Enugu in 1909 at the Udi Ridge in Enugu,This was found by a British mine Engineer known as Albert Kitson. Coal geology is a mixture of sedimentary rock and ancient vegetation which have been changed due to heat and microbial activities over considerable period of time.

The Nigeria Uranium Mining Company (NUMCO) was a parastatal organization that controlled the exploration and mining of uranium in Nigeria and was a public/private partnership with Total Compagnie Minière of France, which owned 40% of the company. In 1989, Total pulled out of the partnership, and in 1993 the government reassigned NUMCO's responsibilities to the Nigerian Geological Survey. The NUMCO corporation was dissolved in 1996,The mechanization of the coal corporation was not successful, this was because the military Government officials employ people they know such like friends and relations. This was the pattern coal corporation was managed.

The Finance and Development Corporation (FINDECO) allowed the Zambian government to gain control of insurance companies and building societies. However, foreign-owned banks (such as Barclays, Standard Chartered and Grindlays) successfully resisted takeover. In 1971, INDECO, MINDECO, and FINDECO were brought together under an omnibus parastatal, the Zambia Industrial and Mining Corporation (ZIMCO), to create one of the largest companies in sub-Saharan Africa, with the country's president, Kenneth Kaunda as Chairman of the Board. The management contracts under which day-to-day operations of the mines had been carried out by Anglo American and RST were ended in 1973.

The Métro léger de Tunis (Tunis light metro, also Tunis Métro, , el-metrū el- khfīf li-mdīnat tūnis) is an expanding public transportation network for the Tunis area that was started in 1985. It represents not a subterranean transit system but a light rail network. Metro leger's light rail system has its track at surface level generally with its own rail bed, but at key intersections, the system goes underground to avoid congestion or has the right of way. Together with the TGM rail line it is managed by the parastatal transport authority Société des transports de Tunis (Transtu).

James Nyamweya (28 December 1927 – 25 September 1995) was a Kenyan politician who served in ministerial, parastatal, and political party leadership positions in both the Kenyatta and Moi governments from 1965 to 1995. He was Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Assistant Minister in the Office of the President, Minister of State in charge of External Affairs Foreign Minister, Minister of State in charge of Provincial Administration, Leader of Government Business in Parliament, Minister for Works, Minister for Power and Communication, Minister for Labour, Chairman Electoral Boundaries Commission, and National Vice Chairman of the Democratic Party.

The Niger Delta Development Commission is a federal government agency established by Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo in the year 2000 with the sole mandate of developing the oil-rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. In September 2008, President Umaru Yar'Adua announced the formation of a Niger Delta Ministry, with the Niger Delta Development Commission to become a parastatal under the ministry. One of the core mandates of the Commission is to train and educate the youths of the oil rich Niger Delta regions to curb hostilities and militancy, while developing key infrastructure to promote diversification and productivity.

Due to the economic downturn that began in 2008, the parastatal announced it would not seek a buyer until markets recovered. Although Transnet has given no indication of the price, the replacement cost of the building has been estimated at R1.5 billion. The centre, after being almost empty, has 93 percent occupancy of its office space and retail occupancy of 65 percent. Pick 'n Pay plans to take 3 000 square metres in the centre and the South African Revenue Service has moved from Rissik Street to its premises of 5 000 square metres in the centre.

Upon completion of the course, he returned home and in 1983 teamed up with Zambia's prolific actress Mathilda Malamamfumu Tutu to form Rutu Advertising Agency. Their immediate hit was "Secretary of the Year" contest, which was launched in August 1984. The contest featured top-flight secretaries drawn from different parts of the country and drew interest from the private sector and parastatal organizations including the Bank of Zambia. In 1985, Ruwe and his partner acquired copies of the movie Love Brewed in an African Pot directed by Ghanaian film maker Akwa Ansah which they showed around the country.

The first train station in Maputo, then known as Lourenço Marques, was a modest structure, built of wood and zinc, and inaugurated in 1895 by Paul Kruger, President of the South African Republic. Plans to construct the current railway station to replace the old one date to 1904. The Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique, the parastatal agency overseeing railroads in Portuguese Mozambique, included $400,000 in its 1906–1907 budget for the construction of the new station. Initial plans were drawn up by Mario Veiga, a government architect at the Directorate of Public Works, along with Alfredo Augusto Lisboa de Lima.

Curtis represented now-defunct securities firm Drexel Burnham Lambert in charges under the RICO Act and the Securities Act by the United States government. Key clients include Verizon and Flextronics in the telecommunications sector, Access Industries and the Century Aluminum Company (a subsidiary of Glencore International AG), in the industrial sector, and Citgo, PDVSA, YPFB and KazMunayGas, in the petrochemical sector. The firm is noted as representing state-owned or parastatal energy companies. Curtis also represented the Air Transportation Stabilization Board in a number of transactions regarding air carrier consolidation and restructuring following the September 11 attacks.

Rwandatel was founded in 1993 as a government parastatal to provide telephone and internet services, including local telephony and long-distance service. In 2006, American born Greg Wyler, took 99% control of Rwandatel through his communication firm Terracom. Due to financial constraints, the government of Rwanda held negotiations with Terracom's investors in June 2007 in order to establish the value of the company and organize a buy back of Rwandatel by the government. The agreed total purchase price was US$11.91 million, with the government acquiring 70%, while Caisse Sociale du Rwanda (now Rwanda Social Security Board) acquiring 30% of the venture.

On 1 April 1988, Air Botswana was absorbed by the Botswana government as a parastatal corporation under the Ministry of Works, Transport and Communications as a result of the Air Botswana Act (1988), and became the nation's flag carrier. Also in April 1988, Air Botswana became the first airline from the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) to establish air links with Namibia. Air Botswana operations are regulated by the Department of Civil Aviation under the Civil Aviation Act (1977). Two ATR 42–230 arrived in 1988, leading to the sale of the Fokkers, and the first BAe 146 arrived in November 1989.

Nevertheless, senior officers in the ZNA took this opportunity to lobby for the acquisition of more weapons from domestic suppliers. Zimbabwe's intervention in the Mozambican Civil War, which culminated in the deployment of 1,000 troops into Tete Province towards the end of 1982, finally provided the impetuous for the establishment of ZDI. A state parastatal which could procure arms in a direct manner while circumventing the army's cumbersome tender process was perceived as necessary for the war effort. Colonel Ian Stansfield, former Quartermaster-General and chief of the ZNA's Procurement Office, was appointed to lead the new effort.

Inter RAO is a parastatal company where the Russian government owns 52.68 percent of the company's shares. Inter RAO uses a parallel integrated grid which synchronizes the electric generators across the Caucasus and Central Asia. The connectivity of the grid provides coordination between the electric generators and allows shortfalls in one area to be made up with surpluses from another. While the grid increases the quality and reliability of electricity, it does raise security concerns to nations. Electric Networks of Armenia (ENA) holds an exclusive license to distribute electricity in Armenia, doing so at tariffs approved by Armenia’s Public Services Regulatory Commission.

The KCE is a so-called 'organism of public interest' (parastatal body) type B according to Belgian public law. It was founded in 2003 and operates under the administrative authority of the federal minister of Public Health of Belgium. Its annual budget is approximately 10,000,000 euros and originates for about 75% from the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance (NIHDI) and for about 25% from the Federal Public Service Health and the Federal Public Service Social Security. Additionally, the KCE disposes over a budget of approximately 10,000,000 euros for its clinical trials programme which originates fully from the NIHDI.

National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (also known as NESREA) is an environmental agency of the Federal Government of Nigeria that was established by law in 2007 to "ensure a cleaner and healthier environment for Nigerians". The agency functions as a parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Environment and is headed by a Director General who is also the chief executive officer. NESREA has recorded several achievements in the area of environmental compliance monitoring and enforcement since its establishment, including the enactment of several regulations pertaining to environmental protection, monitoring environmental compliance and enforcement actions.

The agency is an 'organism of public interest' (parastatal body) type A according to Belgian public law. It was founded after the dioxin affair rocked Belgium in 1999, which was caused by the use of animal feed contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls. Through the food chain, the toxic contamination made its way to supermarkets and consumers, inciting a nationwide scandal when it was discovered. At its foundation, the agency inherited all inspection tasks related to food safety from the relevant services of the federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Public Health and Environment, and of the federal Ministry of Agriculture.

We will do a great job together". Dutch ambassador to the UAE, Frank Mollen said he looked forward to working with the new Director-General. Dominique Ristori, the Director-General for Energy of the European Commission who represented the European Union at IRENA's ninth assembly, offered his full support. La Camera's colleagues at the Italian ministry parastatal, the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), the President of the National System for Environmental Protection (SNPA), Stefano Laporta and the Director-General, Alessandro Bratti conveyed their felicitations with the goodwill message, "Renewables, an essential choice for the future of the planet.

The Société cotonnière du Tchad, also called Cotontchad, is a parastatal Chadian company operating in a monopoly regime that buys and exports all the cotton produced in Chad. Cotton represents 40% of the country's exports and in past years has been even more dominant. It was created in 1971 from the nationalisation of the Franco-Belgian society Cotonfran and had the task to collect, buy, gin, transport and export the cotton crop. At present the state owns 75% of the company, the French Textile Development Company (Compagnie Française pour le Développement des Textiles or CFDT) 16%, a consortium of Chadian banks 6% and the French Development Agency 2%.

Cameroon's trade partners, particularly France, Germany, and the United States, offered to help the country, but Cameroon balked at their condition that the country follow strict cost cutting suggestions laid out by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Instead, Cameroon formulated its own plan. Civil servants lost access to subsidised electricity, housing, and telephones; parts of the government's vehicle fleet were sold; older civil servants were forced into retirement; the official working schedule was changed; economic missions in foreign embassies from Cameroon were closed; and state and parastatal enterprises were privatised. The 1987–1988 budget reduced government spending by 18%, the first time in the country's history that the budget decreased.

The National Company for Subsidies for the Population (Spanish: Compañía Nacional de Subsistencias Populares, CONASUPO) was a Mexican parastatal in charge of developing actions related with the system of supply and Mexican alimentary security. It was created in 1962 with the intention of guaranteeing the purchase and regulation of prices in products of the basic diet, particularlycorn. In 1965, beside the CONASUPO, the Milk Hydration Company was created, that in 1972 would transform itself into Liconsa, with the purpose of helping the most needy people in the urban and rural sectors. It was during this period, that the government established big warehouses of supply and community shops of CONASUPO.

On 2 February 1971, one week after the coup, Amin declared himself President of Uganda, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Uganda Army Chief of Staff, and Chief of Air Staff. He announced that he was suspending certain provisions of the Ugandan constitution, and soon instituted an Advisory Defence Council composed of military officers with himself as the chairman. Amin placed military tribunals above the system of civil law, appointed soldiers to top government posts and parastatal agencies, and informed the newly inducted civilian cabinet ministers that they would be subject to military discipline. Amin ruled by decree, and over the course of his rule he issued approximately 30 decrees.

ICDC was founded in 1954 as a government parastatal, whose primary objective was to provide a vehicle for Kenyans to invest in the economy of newly independent Kenya by investing in Kenyan companies. In 1967, ICDC formed the subsidiary ICDC Investment Company Limited, whose shares were listed on the NSE. In 1998, with the Government of Kenya having sold some of its majority shareholding, ICDC Investment Company adopted a new management structure, handing over day-to-day management to an independent professional managerial team, supervised by an independent board of directors elected by the shareholders. In 2008, the shareholders changed the name of the company to Centum Investment Company Limited.

BTC was established in 1980 to provide, develop, operate and manage Botswana's national and international telecommunications services. BTC is a parastatal in which the Botswana government holds 100% equity. BTC was the only telecommunications provider in Botswana until 1996 when an amendment of the BTC Act removed the monopoly of BTC and allowed indirect competition from two cellular companies, MASCOM and Orange Botswana BTC's network is composed of an all-digital microwave and fibre optic system with digital exchanges at the main centres. The current network comprises 7,300 kilometres of microwave radio and fibre optic links between 12 main processors, each serving a specific area of the country.

As a result, Madagascar became a net importer of rice beginning in 1972, and by 1982 was importing nearly 200,000 tons per year—about 10 percent of the total domestic crop and about equal to the demand from urban customers. The inefficient system of agricultural supply and marketing, which since 1972 increasingly had been placed under direct state control, was a major factor inhibiting more efficient and expanded rice production. From 1973 to 1977, one major parastatal agency, the Association for the National Interest in Agricultural Products (Société d'Intérêt National des Produits Agricoles—SINPA), had a monopoly in collecting, importing, processing, and distributing a number of commodities, most notably rice.

In November 2013, the Government of Uganda, through its 100% owned parastatal, Uganda National Roads Authority, secured funding from the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA), and the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID), to upgrade the Masaka–Bukakata Road from gravel to asphalt. Tenders for bidders for design and construction works were proffered in late 2013. In June 2014, Ugandan print media indicated that UNRA was in the final stages of selecting a contractor for the road works. The estimated construction costs have been quoted as US$70 million, excluding the cost of compensation and relocation of displaced populations and businesses.

The Sishen–Saldanha railway line, also known as the Ore Export Line (OREX), is an heavy-haul railway line in South Africa. It connects iron ore mines near Sishen in the Northern Cape with the port at Saldanha Bay in the Western Cape. It is used primarily to transport iron ore (60 million tonnes per year) and does not carry passenger traffic. A video of the end part of the 342-wagon 3,780-metre long Sishen–Saldanha iron-ore train on its way to Saldanha in the Western Cape, South Africa The Sishen–Saldanha line was built by Iscor, the then iron and steel parastatal, opening in 1976.

Jwalshik Wilford (born September 3, 1968) is a professional Nigerian chemist. He is the third substantive Registrar/Chief Executive Officer of the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria (ICCON); a parastatal of Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) that regulates the teaching, learning and standard best practice of the Chemistry profession in Nigeria. As a professional, his major focus is the repositioning and projecting of the Chemistry profession to promote the role(s) of chemists in addressing global challenges. Before his appointment on 1 June 2018, he was a Deputy Director of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Water Board where he served most of his professional career.

Port Maputo, or the Maputo Port Development Company (MPDC), is a parastatal authority that operates and governs the Mozambique ports of Maputo and Matola, located in the south of the Mozambique Channel in the southwest Indian Ocean. It is a partnership among the Mozambique Ports and Railways (CFM), Dubai-based DP World, and Grindrod Ltd, a South African holding company. The company was hired in 2003 by the government of Mozambique and functions as port operator and port authority, directing shipping, port maintenance, security, cargo terminal management, and future development planning.Port Maputo, Concession Major port operator Dubai Ports World has invested in the company and its 15‑year government concession.

Later others joined the practice, and as of January 2020, the firm has four partners, 18 lawyers and a total staff of 45. Her work over the past 23 years has included corporate insolvency, shareholder disputes, lender enforcement actions, tax advisory services, intellectual property and commercial projects negotiations and contracts. As of January 2020, she is actively involved in advising clients on tax implications in financing agreements, oil agreements, energy transactions and infrastructure development. On 2 January 2020, Justice Lydia Mugambe of the Civil Division of the High Court of Uganda appointed Sebatindira as the Administrator of Uganda Telecom Limited, a parastatal company in court-appointed receivership since April 2017.

In the 1997 general election, Uhuru Kenyatta contested the Gatundu South Constituency parliamentary seat, once held by his father, but lost to Moses Mwihia, a Nairobi architect. In 1999, Moi appointed Uhuru to chair the Kenya Tourism Board, a government parastatal. In 2001, he was nominated as a Member of Parliament, and he joined the Cabinet as Minister for Local Government. He would also later be elected First Vice Chairman of KANU. In the nomination process in 2002 in what was widely thought as undemocratic and underhand, Moi influenced Uhuru Kenyatta's nomination as KANU's preferred presidential candidate, sparking an outcry from other interested contenders and a massive exit from the party.

The National Social Security Fund (NSSF) is the government agency of Tanzania responsible for the collection, safekeeping, responsible investment, and distribution of retirement funds of all employees in all sectors of the Tanzania economy that do not fall under the governmental pension schemes. There are two other pension fund organizations in the country; the Public Service Pensions Fund for all employees working directly under the government and the Parastatal Pension Fund for all employees working under governmental parastatals. The NSSF was founded in 1997 as the successor to the defunct National Provident Fund (NPF). NSSF covers all other employers in the country and participation for both employers and employees is compulsory.

An infrastructure development program was initiated under the Development Policies (DEVPOLs) documents that Malawi adopted from 1964 onwards. Much of this development was funded through the Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation, a Government-owned corporation or parastatal formed to promote the Malawian economy by increasing the volume of agricultural exports and to develop new foreign markets for Malawian agricultural produce. At its foundation, ADMARC was given the power to finance the economic development of any public or private organisation. From its formation it was involved in the diversion of resources from smallholder farming to tobacco estates, often owned by members of the ruling elite.

The Cotton Price Stabilization Board (French: Caisse de Stabilisation des Prix du Coton, CSPC) was a Chadian governative board created in 1965. Its task was to stabilize prices paid to peasant producers by funding operating losses incurred by Cotontchad, the parastatal giant that bought, ginned and sold all the cotton produced in Chad. The CSPC also played an important role in the program to improve yields: it is estimated that between 1971 and 1983 57% of all payments by the CSPC were made in conjunction with the program to improve cotton production. As for the funding of the CSPC, between 1971 and 1983, virtually all income to the CSPC derived from rebates paid by Cotontchad into the system.

With the MPLA on the verge of defeat, dos Santos contacted Jean- Bernard Curial, the former French Socialist Party Southern Africa expert, and asked him to come to Luanda. When he came back, Curial, supportive of dos Santos, contacted members of the government, President's advisor for African Affairs, Bruno Delahe and Jean-Christophe Mitterrand, son of then-President François Mitterrand. Jean-Christophe referred Curial to Pierre Falcone, head of , a consortium of companies, and adviser to a parastatal run by the right- wing Interior Minister Charles Pasqua. Pasqua believed that in the early 1990s the U.S. government's support for UNITA had diminished while tacit support for the MPLA increased because peace would increase oil output.

He was reassigned into the parastatal sector from government service, from December 1986 - March 1991, he was Managing Director, Lima Bank Limited, a newly incorporated development bank. He then became Executive Director, Industrial Development Corporation Of Zambia (INDECO), and, from November 1991 -May 1993, Managing Director, Zambia National Commercial Bank, the largest commercial bank in Zambia; following that, Executive Director of the Zambia Industrial & Mining Company Ltd (ZIMCO). In May 1994, he was retired from the Civil service and joined the private sector as a consultant. In June 1994, he returned to government service as a Project Coordinator to the Ministry Of Agriculture, Food And Fisheries under technical assistance by the African Development Bank.

The firm has in the past, and as of August 2020, is handling a host of financial and commercial legal matters, including business insolvencies, lease finance transactions, investment advisory, contract disputes, intellectual property, mergers and acquisitions, trademark infringements, and other related matters. A partial list of past and ongoing engagements by the firm is displayed on the page of this reference. In January 2020, Justice Lydia Mugambe of the Civil Division of the High Court of Uganda appointed Ruth Sebatindira, the founding partner of Ligomarc Advocates as the Administrator of Uganda Telecom Limited, a parastatal company in court-appointed receivership since April 2017. Sebatindira took over the administration of UTL from Bemanya Twebaze on 6 January 2020..

Apartheid, a system of discrimination and segregation on racial grounds, dominated the ideology and political system in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. This system, which intentionally excluded non- Afrikaners from civil service jobs, government positions, and politics entirely, came to an end in 1994 when the African National Congress headed by Nelson Mandela conducted negotiations with the South African government at the time. Before the abolition of Apartheid, civil service was a pervasive medium for rent-seeking and the preferential treatment of Afrikaners. Policies favoring Afrikaner cultural and educational systems, the awarding of government contracts to Afrikaner businesses and the funding of parastatal Afrikaner organizations was a common phenomenon during the era of Apartheid.

On October 12, 1988 Cárdenas became the Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution's presidential candidate. Cárdenas still remained an independent candidate due to electoral laws which meant that many parties could choose Cárdenas as their candidate. The groups of the independent left that supported Cárdenas were the Socialist Mexican Party which included the Unified Socialist Party of Mexico, the Mexican Workers' Party, the Patriotic Revolutionary Party, the Communist Left Unity, and the People's Revolutionary Movement. The parastatal groups, state-owned enterprises that are separate from government, that supported Cárdenas were the Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution, Popular Socialist Party, and the Party of the Cardenist Front of National Reconstruction, which made up the National Democratic Front.

Embassy of Congo in Paris Following independence, France and Congo maintained a continuing but somewhat subdued relationship, with France offering a variety of cultural, educational, and economic assistance. The principal element in the French- Congolese relationship was the highly successful oil sector investment of the French petroleum parastatal Elf-Aquitaine (now called Total), which entered the Congo in 1968 and has continued to grow. France is now by far Congo's principal external partner, contributing significant amounts of economic assistance, while playing a highly influential role. In 2009, France purchased approximately 9% of Congolese exports, ranking third in total exports; Congo also purchased nearly 21% of its imports from France, which was the most from any one country.

Seychelles is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites run by the Seychelles Islands Foundation. They are the atoll of Aldabra, which is the world's largest raised coral atoll and also the Vallée de Mai on Praslin island, billed as the original site of the Garden of Eden. The Cousin Island Special Reserve, purchased by Royal Society for Nature Conservation in 1968 and managed by Nature Seychelles, is an internationally known bird and marine sanctuary which has won several awards for conservation and ecotourism. Seychelles has six national marine parks including the St. Anne National Marine Park located adjacent to the capital, Port Victoria which are managed by the government parastatal, Marine Parks Authority.

From 1981 until 1984, she worked as the Company Secretary of the Uganda Mining Corporation, a government parastatal company. From 1986 until 1996, she served in the Ugandan Parliament as a Member of Parliament. In 1988, she was appointed State Minister for Northern Uganda, which required her to take up residence in Gulu, the largest city in the Uganda's Northern Region. She was tasked with convincing the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) guerilla rebels to lay down their arms, following the failure of military efforts to defeat the rebels. Bigombe initiated contact with the LRA leader Joseph Kony in June 1993. In 1993, she was named Uganda's Woman of the Year for her efforts to end the violence.

Recently the city has experienced a revival in economic activity, driven by investments in oil production by the parastatal PEMEX company. The economy is driven by trade, the petroleum industry, fashion, and tourism. This has brought a boom in trade, which together with its strategic location and concentration of services, causes a daily flow of residents from other towns, municipalities and nearby cities like Papantla, Gutiérrez Zamora, Tecolutla, Martínez de la Torre and Tihuatlán in the state of Veracruz. This extends its area of influence of the neighboring towns and villages State of Puebla that converge to it for various reasons, among which are health, employment, education or shopping, as it is located in the major centers of supply, trade and services.

The state-owned Agricultural Enterprises Limited managed about 3,000 hectares of tea, and an additional 9,000 hectares were farmed by about 11,000 smallholder farmers, who marketed their produce through the parastatal Uganda Tea Growers' Corporation (UTGC). Several thousand hectares of tea estates remained in a "disputed" category because their owners had been forced to abandon them. In 1990 many of these estates were being sold to private individuals by the departed Asians' Property Custodian Board as part of an effort to rehabilitate the industry and improve local management practices. Both Tamteco and the Uganda Tea Corporation used most of their earnings to cover operational expenses and service corporate debts, so the expansion of Uganda's tea- producing capacity was still just beginning in 1990.

As of 2009, according to the U.S. State Department, most ministers in Equatorial Guinea also operate conflated businesses along with their government responsibilities. For instance, the minister of justice owns his own private law firm, while the minister of transport and communications was director of the firm's board and owned shares in both the parastatal airline and the national telephone company. In addition, in 2008 when the government began distributing funds for social projects for the social development fund (SDF), a development mechanism created jointly with foreign investors to promote a culture of transparency and openness, one minister reportedly chose his own firm to receive funds rather than any bidding firms. It also surfaced that the minister had not even placed a bid of their own.

Although many countries continue to operate state-owned or parastatal airlines, many large airlines today are privately owned and are therefore governed by microeconomic principles to maximize shareholder profit.Rigas Doganis, "Alternative Pricing Strategies", Flying Off Course: The Economics of International Airlines (London: Routledge, 1991), 267-69. In December 1991, the collapse of Pan Am, an airline often credited for shaping the international airline industry, highlighted the financial complexities faced by major airline companies. Following the 1978 deregulation, U.S. carriers did not manage to make an aggregate profit for 12 years in 31, including four years where combined losses amounted to $10 billion, but rebounded with eight consecutive years of profits since 2010, including its four with over $10 billion profits.

The Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration () was a decree of the Congress of Mexico that provides the basis for the organization of the federal government of Mexico, both centralized and parastatal.Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration, Article 1 It was published in the Official Gazette on 29 December 1976.Official text from the Secretaría de la Función Pública The Office of the President, the Secretaries of State, the Administrative Departments and the Legal Counsel of the Federal Executive, comprise the central public administration.Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration, Article 2 The decentralized bodies, state owned enterprises, national institutions of credit, national credit auxiliary organizations, national institutions and surety insurance and trusts, make up the government parastatal.

Under President Joseph-Désiré Mobutu's rule, Weregemere was appointed Administrator of Parastatal Companies, and Government Representative on the board of directors of Joint Ventures. He successively served as a member of the board of directors of the Office des Mines de Kilo Moto, managing director of the Office des Mines de Kilo Moto, managing director of the Office des transports au Congo, vice-chairman of the board of directors of the Institut de Gestion du Portefeuille in charge of the mining sector, and director general of the Société Africaine d'Explosifs. Weregemere joined the central committee of the state-sponsored party, the Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution, on 2 September 1980. He served in its premier bureau as second vice-president.

However, foreign-owned banks (such as Barclays, Standard Chartered and Grindlays) successfully resisted takeover. In 1971, INDECO, MINDECO, and FINDECO were brought together under an omnibus parastatal, the Zambia Industrial and Mining Corporation (ZIMCO), to create one of the largest companies in sub-Saharan Africa, with the country's president, Kenneth Kaunda as Chairman of the Board. The management contracts under which day-to-day operations of the mines had been carried out by Anglo American and RST were ended in 1973. In 1982 NCCM and RCM were merged into the giant Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Ltd (ZCCM). In 1973 a massive increase in the price of oil was followed by a slump in copper prices in 1975, resulting in a diminution of export earnings.

Most factories are deserted and the infrastructure has since been left to deteriorate. The reason for the de- industrialization has largely been political, with some factories like Goldstar Sugars removing machinery to open new factories in Harare. When the Zimbabwean government passed indigenisation laws, some successful businesses were taken over by ZANU-PF supporters, only to close down a fews years later. Many locals argue that it is because of marginalisation they experience against the government due to cultural differences between the Shona in Harare and the Ndebele in Bulawayo because the National railways of Zimbabwe (headquarters in Bulawayo) is a government parastatal and, as such, should have been thriving had it not been for embezzlement of funds by company executives who are believed to be Shona.

Her long career in public service which exceeds 25 years in length, involves service as the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Tourism and Information and as the Managing Director of Kenya Post Office Savings Bank. For at least 18 of those years, she has been involved in investment promotion, public enterprise reform and privatization. She is responsible for the divestiture of parastatal companies either through the selection of a "strategic investor", or through the flotation of an IPO, on the Nairobi Stock Exchange. Some of the privatized companies through this process, include Kenya Reinsurance Corporation, Tourism Promotion Services, Kenya Railways Corporation, Kenya Airways, Kenya Commercial Bank Group, Housing Finance Group of Kenya, Mumias Sugar Company Limited, Kenya Electricity Generating Company and Safaricom.

In 2007 RITES Ltd of India won a contract from the Parastatal Sector Reform Commission (PSRC) to operate passenger and freight trains on a concession basis for 25 years.Rites Consortium to run railway in 2007 The concession agreement was signed on 3 September 2007, to begin on 1 October 2007. The railway will be run as Tanzania Railway Ltd, with the government owning a 49% stake. There were moves to abandon the contract "due in part, to the fact that the Indian investor failed to pay over USD 6 million in concession fees to the Tanzania government in 2008" but RITES officials countered noting that the contract "misled Rites officials by indicating that the Railway Assets Holding Company (Rahco) was in possession of 92 working locomotives when, in actuality, only 55 existed".

Amin, 1973 Amin's military experience, which was virtually his only experience, determined the character of his rule. He renamed Government House "the Command Post", instituted an advisory defence council composed of military commanders, placed military tribunals above the system of civil law, appointed soldiers to top government posts and parastatal agencies, and even informed the newly inducted civilian cabinet ministers that they would be subject to military discipline. Uganda then became a military dictatorship which was, in effect, governed from a collection of military barracks scattered across the country, where battalion commanders, acting like local warlords, represented the coercive arm of the government. The Ugandan General Service Unit (GSU), an intelligence agency created by the previous government, was disbanded and replaced by the Ugandan State Research Bureau (SRB).

The report is historically important for having marked a shift in African countries’ economic policies towards economic liberalization. It details several policy recommendations in its plan for action, including “(1) more suitable trade and exchange-rate policies; (2) increased efficiency of resource use in the public sector; and (3) improvement in agriculture policies.” In terms of trade and exchange-rate policies, the report recommends liberalizations including “correction of overvalued exchange rates […]; improved price incentives for exports and for agriculture; lower and more uniform protection for industry; and reduced use of direct controls.” For efficient resource usage, the Berg report identifies government and parastatal agencies as being overextended, and suggests streamlining public services, in part by allowing a greater share of these to be provided by the private sector.

Virtually every other senior civil service and parastatal head from the region subscribed to Gema and President Kenyatta is said to have specifically ordered a hesitant Attorney General Charles Njonjo to immediately register the association that also enjoyed the patronage of Lands Minister Jackson Harvester Angaine who exercised considerable sway among the Meru. Others supporting the association included minister Jeremiah Nyagah, who was strategic in mobilising the Embu. Gema is accused of playing a prominent role in mobilising the community support in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a period characterised by massive oathing throughout central Kenya for members to remain loyal to the Kenyatta regime. But being composed mostly of educated and sophisticated elite, the association was, however, careful to front an image of disinterest in the illegal and divisive activity.

Later in the month, Sidibé told The New York Times that Tandja had "made us miss our entrance into the great court of democratic nations, like Ghana and Mali.... It's made every Nigerien who is proud of his country very angry."Adam Nossiter, "Niger Senses a Threat to Its Scrap of Democracy", The New York Times, 14 July 2009, page A4. Speaking on the radio on 22 July 2009, Sidibé announced a call by labor unions for "all public sector, parastatal, private and even the informal sector workers to embark on a mass strike" for 48 hours, beginning on 23 July; this was intended as a way of protesting the referendum plans and pressuring Tandja."Niger's trade unions call for anti-referendum general strike", AFP, 22 July 2009.

The Canadian government arranged to have its fully owned parastatal, Canadian Commercial Corporation (CCC), sign a contract with the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC).How BVR technology is poised to revolutionise voting in Kenya Business Daily Africa A case was filed in court seeking to extend the voter registration period arguing that Section 5(1) of the Elections Act was in conflict with the Constitution to the extent that it limited continuous registration of voters.Kenya: Lawyers Sue IEBC Over Dec 18 Voter Listing Deadline All Africa, 14 December 2012 The courts however declined request to extend the deadline.Court declines to extend voter registration Standard Digital, 18 December 2012 After the 18 December deadline, the IEBC released the provisional voter numbers showing a registered base of 14.3 million voters.

Since parliamentary elections took place at the same time, there was great pressure placed on parliamentary candidates to "campaign" for a "Yes" vote for Kaunda, in addition to their own campaigns. Parastatal companies (which were controlled through ZIMCO – Zambia Industrial and Mining Corporation) were also under pressure to "campaign" for Kaunda by buying advertising space in the two national newspapers (Times of Zambia and Zambia Daily Mail) exhorting the electorate to give the president a "massive 'Yes' vote". Under this system, Kaunda was confirmed as president in 1978, 1983 and 1988, each time with official results showing over 80 percent of voters approving his candidacy. The parliamentary elections were also controlled by Kaunda: the names of candidates had to be submitted to UNIP's Central Committee, which then selected three people to stand for any particular constituency.

Theodore Shealtiel Clerk, (4 September 1909 – 1965) was an urban planner on the Gold Coast and the first formally trained, professionally certified Ghanaian architect. Attaining a few historic firsts in his lifetime, Theodore Clerk became the chief architect, city planner, designer and developer of Tema which is the metropolis of the Tema Harbour, the largest port in Ghana. The first chief executive officer (CEO) of the Ghanaian parastatal, the Tema Development Corporation as well as a presidential advisor to Ghana's first Head of State, Kwame Nkrumah, T. S. Clerk was a founding member and the first president of the first post-independent, wholly indigenous and self-governing Ghanaian professional body, the Ghana Institute of Architects (GIA), that had its early beginnings in 1963. He was also an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Royal Town Planning Institute.

Several oil companies explored for petroleum since 1992 in the Djado plateau in north-eastern Niger and the Agadem basin, north of Lake Chad but made no discoveries worth developing at the time. In June 2007, however, China National Petroleum Corporation (state- owned by the People's Republic of China) signed a US$5 billion agreement to extract oil in the Agadem block, as well as build a per day oil refinery and a 2,000 km oil pipeline in the country; production is expected to start in 2009. Niger's known coal reserves, with low energy and high ash content, cannot compete against higher quality coal on the world market. However, the parastatal SONICHAR (Société nigérienne de charbon) in Tchirozerine (north of Agadez) extracts coal from an open pit and fuels an electricity generating plant that supplies energy to the uranium mines.

Professor Leah Marangu was the Vice-chancellor of Africa Nazarene University and one of Kenya’s most distinguished and decorated scholars. The US trained Professor of Home Economics holds a PhD from Iowa State University, two Master of Science degrees in Home Economics and Family Environment from Northern Illinois University and Iowa State University respectively together with a Bachelor of Science degree in Home Economics from Olivet Nazarene University. A woman of many firsts, Professor Marangu was appointed a full Professor and Chair of the Department of Home Economics at Kenyatta University in 1978, becoming the first woman professor in Kenya. She has also been Chair of the Board of Directors at Jomo Kenyatta Foundation in 2005 and her appointment marked the first time ever a woman had held such a post in a parastatal in Kenya.

As part of efforts to diversify the national energy generation sources, and in view of the considerable deposits of peat in the country, the government of Rwanda, through its wholly owned parastatal Energy Water and Sanitation Authority (EWSA), contracted Shengli Energy Group Limited', a Chinese company, to build Gishoma Thermal Power Station, under the supervision of an Indian firm, Punj Lloyd Limited. The peat to fuel the power station would be extracted from the Gishoma marshes, close to where the power station is located. Peat Energy Company, a private Rwandan peat mining and supply company, contracted with EWSA to supply the raw material. After the construction contract had been awarded, it became clear that mistakes had been made in the design of the power station, the feasibility estimates and the sourcing of water needed for the power station to operate.

These two operations, which attempted to secure major investment in infrastructure and manufacturing sectors, were generally regarded as successful. A major change in the structure of Zambia's economy came with the Mulungushi Reforms of April 1968: Kaunda declared his intention to acquire an equity holding (usually 51% or more) in a number of key foreign- owned firms, to be controlled by his Industrial Development Corporation (IDC). By January 1970, Zambia had acquired majority holding in the Zambian operations of the two major foreign mining interests, the Anglo American Corporation and the Rhodesian Selection Trust (RST); the two became the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines (NCCM) and Roan Consolidated Mines (RCM), respectively. Kaunda also announced the creation of a new parastatal body, the Mining Development Corporation (MINDECO), while a Finance and Development Corporation (FINDECO) allowed the Zambian government to gain control of insurance companies and building societies.

Sant graduated from the University of Malta as Bachelor of Science in Physics and Mathematics in 1967 and as Master of Science in Physics in the following year. He studied public administration in 1970 at the Institut International d'Administration Publique of the École Nationale d'Administration (ENA) in Paris. Sant served as second, and then first secretary at the Mission of Malta to the European Communities in Brussels between 1970 and 1975 when he resigned to undertake full-time studies in the USA. He completed a Master of Business Management (with honors) from Boston University Graduate School of Management in 1976 and graduated a Doctor of Business Administration from Harvard Business School in 1979. Between 1977 and 1978 Sant served as advisor on general and financial management at the Ministry of Parastatal and People's Industries in 1977-1978, and then as the managing director of Medina Consulting Group in 1978-1980.

T. S. Clerk welcoming Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh to Tema during the state visit of Queen Elizabeth II to Ghana, 1961 In the summer of 1943, Clerk was awarded the Rutland Prize by the Royal Scottish Academy; an award which facilitated a critical study and tour of the Building Research Station in Garston and the Forest Products Research Lab in Princes Risborough, in addition to analysing the architecture, housing and town planning in London, Leeds, Liverpool and Coventry. He joined the Town and Country Planning Department in Accra in 1946 and was later transferred to its Sekondi office from 1948 to 1953. For a time, Clerk was the only Ghanaian architect in the country and later, one of three Ghanaian architects in the late 1950s. He had been appointed the Chief Architect and Town Planner in the parastatal, Tema Development Corporation by 1954.

On 26 February 1990, Ping was appointed Minister of Information, Postal Services, Telecommunications, Tourism, Leisure and Parastatal Sector Reform with responsibility for Parliamentary relations and government spokesman. He held the position only briefly before moving to the head of the Ministry of Mines, Energy and Hydraulic Resources from 29 April 1990 to June 1991, then again for nineteen months from 28 August 1992 to 24 March 1994. On 25 March 1994, Ping was given responsibility for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation for the first time, before becoming Deputy Minister of Finance, Economy, the Budget and Privatization on 30 October. Ping was elected to the National Assembly from Omboué in the December 1996 parliamentary election, the December 2001 parliamentary election, and the December 2006 parliamentary election."INFOS SUR M. Jean PING, Vice Premier Ministre en Charge des Affaires étrangères, de la coopération, de la Francophonie et de l’intégration Régionale" , cooperation.refer.

Dwain Lingenfelter, announcing his candidacy for the NDP leadership The NDP rebuilt itself and went through a painful confrontation between a left-wing movement dubbed "The Waffle" (a name possibly derived from Toronto leftist economist James Laxer's quip that if he was perceived to be "waffling" on a policy question, then he'd "rather waffle to the left than waffle to the right") and the more centrist-oriented party establishment. The party returned to power in the 1971 election, under Allan Blakeney, embarking on a programme of nationalizing the province's natural resources. This saw the creation of parastatal or Crown corporations that drilled for oil (Saskatchewan Oil & Gas Corporation or SaskOil), mined potash (the Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan) and sought hard-rock minerals (the Saskatchewan Mining Development Corp.). Blakeney's government was heavily defeated in the 1982 election by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan, led by Grant Devine.

Next, it is contestable under what circumstances a SOE qualifies as "owned" by a state (SOEs can be fully owned or partially owned; it is difficult to determine categorically what level of state ownership would qualify an entity to be considered as state-owned since governments can also own regular stock, without implying any special interference). Finally, the term "enterprise" is challenged, as it implies statutes in private law which may not always be present, and so the term "corporations" is frequently used instead. Thus, SOEs are known under many other terms: state-owned company, state-owned entity, state enterprise, publicly owned corporation, government business enterprise, government-owned company, government-owned corporation, government-sponsored enterprises, commercial government agency, state- privatised industry public sector undertaking, or parastatal, among others. In the Commonwealth realms, particularly in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, country-wide SOEs often use the term "Crown corporation", or "Crown entity", as cabinet ministers (Ministers of the Crown) often control the shares in them.

A deal was struck between Sicomines, a consortium of Chinese companies (Sinohydro and China Railway Engineering Corporation), and the Congolese government in April 2008 to grant mineral concessions in Katanga province in exchange for infrastructure investments. In a deal originally worth US$9 billion and funded by China EXIM Bank, US$6 billion would go to infrastructure development and US$3 billion being invested in mining operations in Katanga. 68% of the project would be owned by Sicomines and the remaining 32% would be owned by Congo's mining parastatal Gécamines. The US$6 billion was originally to have been invested in a total of 6,600 km of road would be either built or rehabilitated, two hospitals and two universities being built. The mining concessions in Dima (Dikuluwe) and Mashamba West would have given Sicomines access to 10.6 million tons of copper and over 600,000 tons of cobalt, with 6.8 million tons of copper and 427,000 tons of cobalt being confirmed deposits.

It was therefore not surprising that the Union was being continuously asked and pressed to extend its membership to all employees in the Public Sector. The several requests made to the Union for the extension of membership could not be ignored and, therefore, after making the necessary arrangements to ensure that it would cope with the added volume of work that such an extension would bring upon it, by Resolution of the June 1973 General Conference, the Union changed its name to Malta Government Employees Union (MGEU) and membership was extended to all categories of workers in the Public Service, Parastatal Bodies and Public Corporations. Following this extension membership increased considerably and the Union continued to get stronger and to command more influence in the trade union field. The year 1977 was characterised by a wave of industrial unrest due to several arbitrary changes in the conditions of work of employees in the Public Sector.

Consistories were either bodies of local churches (mostly in the Reformed tradition), or parastatal entities, like in the French model, or they were governing bodies as part of the administration of Protestant state churches (Lutheran, Reformed and United Protestant alike). The rather governmental character of the consistory is the reason why the term was given up in many church bodies after the separation of religion and state and the concomitant abolition of the status as state church and the assumption of church independence. In countries under French influence the Protestants, Calvinists and Lutherans alike (and the Jews as well, see Israelite consistories), made use of the term in the beginning of the nineteenth century with the enactment of the Organic Articles, when the movement for political emancipation demanded the creation of a representative body, whereas Napoleon's government simultaneously aimed at gaining influence onto the non-Catholic religious bodies. Roman Catholicism in Napoleon's realm was subject to the Concordat of 1801.

After the partnership between Air Tanzania and South African Airways (SAA) was officially terminated, the government set aside TZS 13 billion for Air Tanzania to start using its own ticket stock (number 197) instead of the stock of SAA (number 083), changing revenue systems and fuel services, preparing e-ticketing and accounts systems, using a new trademark, and clearing outstanding debts."Uncertainty haunts the troubled ATCL", IPP Media, reported by Polycarp Machira, 13 September 2009 President Jakaya Kikwete appointed Mustafa Nyang'anyi, a veteran politician and diplomat ambassador, as the board chairman, and former Parastatal Pensions Fund director general David Mattaka as managing director and chief executive officer."Air Tanzania should do serious business", IPP Media In conjunction, the government also began to look for another private partner to run the airline. The first discussions began with China Sonangol International Limited in 2007, however, the discussions were ultimately unsuccessful and ended in 2010.

Iran's post- revolutionary economy has a significant state-owned or parastatal sector, including businesses owned by the Revolutionary Guards and Bonyad foundations. Since the revolution Iran's GDP(PPP) has grown from $114 billion in 1980 to $858 billion in 2010. GDP per capita (PPP) has grown from $4295 in 1980 to $11,396 in 2010. Since the revolution Iran's GDP (Nominal) has grown from $90.392 billion in 1979 to $385.874 in 2015. GDP per capita (nominal) has grown from $2290 in 1979 to $5470 in 2016. Real GNI per capita in 2011 constant international dollars decreased after the revolution and during the Iran-Iraq war from $7762 in 1979 to $3699 at the end of the war in 1989. After three decades of reconstruction and growth since then, it has not yet reached its 1979 level and has only recovered to $6751 in 2016. Data on GNI per capita in PPP terms is only available since 1990 globally.

She was elected in 2005 to the House of Peoples' Representatives (the lower House of the Ethiopian Parliament) representing her home woreda of Wolqayt and Humera, and serves as chair of its Social Affairs Standing Committee. Her role has at times been controversial, with some members of Ethiopia's diaspora alleging that, during the period in which she was an executive at the parastatal Mega Corporation, she was involved in "the impropriety of mingling public, private and party-owned businesses."Gelaw, Abebe, "The 'Queen of Mega' in Parliament ," Ethiomedia, 24 January 2006. (accessed 30 September 2006) However Azeb is also known for her work to teach rural Ethiopians about the issues of HIV/AIDS Her appearance at a special ceremony to honor the First Ladies of Africa for their efforts against the spread of HIV/AIDS held by Georgetown University of Washington DC on 15 January 2007 was met by protests of exiled Ethiopians.

Upon completing the compulsory posting, they will be deployed in public hospitals,parastatal institutions (e.g. military, prisons), rural health centers, health clinics, community clinics, aged care centers, or private specialist hospitals.Management and Science University , Malaysia To date, there are five (5) training institutions introduced by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia in the public sectors to train new Assistant Medical Officers; # Training Institute of Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Sultan Azalan Syah, Perak # Training Institute of Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor # Training Institute of Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Kuching Sarawak # Training Institute of Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah # Training Institute of Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Seremban A registered Assistant Medical Officer can pursue their sub-specialty training (Post Basic certificates and Advanced Diploma) in various fields such as Emergency Medical and Trauma care, Primary Healthcare, Orthopedic, Cardio thoracic, Clinical Neuro-physiology, Sport Medicine, Anesthesiology, Diabetic care, Infection Control, hemodialysis, and many more. Assistant Medical Officer could also joined the MBBS /MD after completing the undergraduate study by applying for those programs in either public or private institutions.

Pakistani doctors operate on an injured woman in Muzafarabad in 2005 Healthcare Delivery System of Pakistan The healthcare delivery system of Pakistan is complex because it includes healthcare subsystems by federal governments and provincial governments competing with formal and informal private sector healthcare systems. Healthcare is delivered mainly through vertically managed disease-specific mechanisms. The different institutions that are responsible for this include: provincial and district health departments, parastatal organizations, social security institutions, non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and private sector. The country's health sector is also marked by urban-rural disparities in healthcare delivery and an imbalance in the health workforce, with insufficient health managers, nurses, paramedics and skilled birth attendants in the peripheral areas. Pakistan's gross national income per capita in 2013 was $5,041 and the total expenditure on health per capita in 2014 was $129, constituting 2.6% of the country's GDP. Pakistan became a signatory to the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000, adopting 16 targets and 37 indicators fixed by the UN Millennium Declaration for achieving the eight goals by 2015.

Toward this end, the Ministry of Agricultural Production coordinated with more than seventy parastatal agencies in the areas of land development, agricultural extension, research, and marketing activities. However, these socialist-inspired rural development policies, which led to a severe decline in per capita agricultural output during the 1970s, were at the center of the liberalization policies of the 1980s and the structural adjustment demands of the IMF and the World Bank. The evolution of rice production—the main staple food and the dominant crop—offers insight into some problems associated with agricultural production that were compounded by the Ratsiraka years. Rice production grew by less than 1 percent per year during the 1970–79 period, despite the expansion of the cultivated paddy area by more than 3 percent per year. Moreover, the share of rice available for marketing in the rapidly growing urban areas declined from 16 or 17 percent of the total crop in the early 1970s to about 11 or 12 percent during the latter part of the decade.

Kabadi is a member of the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS). From January 1998 to July 1998, he was Minister of Communications and Government Spokesman. He then became managing director of the Société cotonnière du Tchad, the parastatal cotton company, before being appointed as Prime Minister on June 12, 2002."Chad's president appoints new prime minister, government", Associated Press, June 13, 2003. Later in June 2002, while reading his government programme to the National Assembly, Kabadi collapsed, reportedly due to high blood pressure and forgetting his medication; he quickly recovered after being carried into another room."Chad: Premier Kabadi "collapses" while delivering policy statement in parliament", Africa No 1 radio, Libreville, June 26, 2002. He remained Prime Minister for one year until President Idriss Déby appointed Moussa Faki to replace him in June 2003."Chad: President Deby appoints Moussa Faki Mahamat as new prime minister", BBC Monitoring International Reports, June 24, 2003. On March 4, 2007, he was appointed as Minister of State for Agriculture,"Remaniement : l'ex-rebelle Mahamat Nour nommé ministre de la Défense", Agence France-Presse, March 4, 2007 .

From 1989 to 1990, Souaré was a member of the monitoring committee for the implementation of economic, financial and administrative reforms at the Presidency of the Republic. He was then coordinator of the office for monitoring, evaluation, and control at the Presidency of the Republic from 1990 to 1994; he was also president of the committee for the importation of petroleum products, rapporteur of the state commission for the liquidation of ONAH-ASP, and vice-president of the technical committee on re-evaluation of state immovable assets (COTERI) at the Presidency of the Republic. Souaré was head of the cabinet of the Ministry of Economic and Financial Control in charge of the economic and financial coordination committee of the government from 1994 to 1996, then head of the cabinet of the Ministry Delegate to the Prime Minister in charge of budget and the restructuring of the parastatal sector from 1996 to 1997. Subsequently, from 1997 to 2002 he was head of the cabinet of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, as well as Administrator-General of SOTELGUI and vice-president of the interministerial committee monitoring the oil sector.

The representatives of the Reformed church accepted the governmentally imposed structure, since it did not put the Reformed church in a worse position than the other creeds. However, Napoleon's model of hierarchical parastatal governance was a harsh breach with many crucial Reformed presbyterial and synodal traditions. Pastors were not employed and paid by the church people, constituted in the congregations, but were chosen and paid by the government and subordinate to the government-appointed members of the consistories. Napoleon's law did not provide for a general synod, the only body relevant in taking decisions in matters of doctrine and teaching for all the church, and while the law de jure provided for regional synods combining representatives of at least five consistorial ambits the government de facto never allowed their convocation.Anthony Steinhoff, The gods of the city: Protestantism and religious culture in Strasbourg, 1870-1914, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008, p. 212. . Lacking a general synod, last convened in 1659, and with no provincial synods convoked, the Reformed congregations formed the only decision-taking body, though restricted to local church matters, legitimised by the Reformed doctrine.

In the United Mexican States, the federal executive power of the government is exercised by the president of the republic whose official denomination is Constitutional President of the United Mexican States, to carry out the development of its powers and functions, the president has the power to freely appoint members of his cabinet, each of which is the head of a secretariat of state that is responsible for a branch of the federal public administration; and the organization of these agencies and the powers that each have, are set by the Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration (in Spanish). The federal public administration is centralized and parastatal in accordance with the organic law issued by the Congress, which distributes the administrative business of the federation among the state secretaries who constitute the cabinet in Mexico. The Secretaries of State are appointed by the President of the United Mexican States. The President may convene the meetings of secretaries of state and other competent officials when it comes to defining or evaluating the policy of the Federal Government in matters that are the concurrent competence of several agencies, or entities of the federal public administration.