Then there are organised criminal gangs which include recycled paramilitaries.
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Two jeeps full of paramilitaries came roaring up the street.
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He dared not venture outside, where paramilitaries roamed the streets.
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Some former paramilitaries have been prosecuted, others have been co-opted.
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Bedoya says guerrilla factions and paramilitaries continue fighting, displacing more people.
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Mr. Giraldo will be the last of the extradited paramilitaries sentenced.
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On social media, traumatized residents said the paramilitaries were behaving brutally.
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The PRI recruited the paramilitaries, he said, from the socioeconomic bottom.
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Or maybe he's just not a fan of arming white supremacist paramilitaries.
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Many grew into right-wing paramilitaries, allied with drug cartels and landowners.
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Paramilitaries backed by Moscow rounded them up, saying they were dealing drugs.
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She's willing to use her name but notably avoids mentioning the paramilitaries.
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The latest: Guaidó was reportedly threatened by paramilitaries who entered his home today.
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Serb paramilitaries drove tens of thousands of Muslims and Croats from their homes.
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He said American weapons were also used in attacks by Iranian-backed paramilitaries.
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One charity worker says people pay paramilitaries to put bullets through their letterboxes.
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Police and paramilitaries in Nicaragua killed ten protesters after a countrywide general strike.
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Atheel al-Nujaifi, whereas certain leaders of Shia paramilitaries are against Nujaifi's return.
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During the Troubles, paramilitaries ran a shadow justice system to police their neighbourhoods.
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He considered turning himself in to the paramilitaries, but a friend stopped him.
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It does admit paying $1.7 million to the paramilitaries from 1997 to 2004.
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The interrogations were carried out by police and masked civilians they called paramilitaries.
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"The paras tried to take their territory," Yerson said, using slang for paramilitaries.
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More than 800 extras were cast for the scene: students, paramilitaries, police, bystanders.
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Various Yemeni militias, together with some 193,000 Sudanese paramilitaries, have staged ground attacks.
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Right-wing paramilitaries associated with the state, have also contributed to the bloodshed.
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But the ELN, FARC dissidents, right-wing ex-paramilitaries and crime gangs remain active.
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Members of the Hashed al-Shaabi paramilitaries celebrate on Saturday near the Syrian border.
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John Pérez didn't recall ever seeing Hasbún, but he did see many armed paramilitaries.
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Research by Colombia's National Centre for Historical Memory reveals the paramilitaries were particularly cruel.
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Right-wing paramilitaries, often acting alongside the state, have also contributed to the bloodshed.
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Iran also wants its allies among the Shi'ite paramilitaries to pressure the United States.
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Linder, 15, was tempted by the paramilitaries' promises, but then he changed his mind.
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One of Murad's brothers is now fighting with the paramilitaries who retook the area.
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"There was a lack of knowledge about the Protestants, Loyalists and paramilitaries," he said.
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They have both also battled state-aligned paramilitaries throughout Colombia's 51-year internal conflict.
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The town's inhabitants, tribesmen called the al-Shaitat, had been reinforced by Iranian paramilitaries.
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A few hours earlier, paramilitaries had shot him in the head inside his home.
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Two decades ago, Colombia was nearly overrun by guerrilla armies, paramilitaries and drug cartels.
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His family won't let him go outside, scared that paramilitaries might round him up.
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Unionist paramilitaries shot Mr. Finucane as he was eating at home with his family.
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The paramilitaries offered Solano's cousin one million pesos a month, which is around $335 today.
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Paramilitaries have threatened him for organizing peasant squatters in Macondo and the larger Urabá region.
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After receiving calls "of a threatening nature" from loyalist paramilitaries, the UUP hastily pulled out.
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Mr. Putin then rushed in, annexing Crimea and backing paramilitaries who invaded the country's east.
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Thirty years of fighting ensued between Unionist and Republican paramilitaries, state security and political activists.
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Irish republican and unionist paramilitaries carried out lethal bomb attacks and shootings on its residents.
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The paramilitaries and drug gangs, he said through his open window, shoot early this morning.
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French paramilitaries fought on his front lines in Benghazi, where three were killed in 2016.
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The AGC, the offshoot of the paramilitaries, has scrawled its moniker across buildings in Riosucio.
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Various allies of the former president have been investigated or convicted for connections to paramilitaries.
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Forty Indian paramilitaries died, making it the worst ever attack on Indian forces stationed here.
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German paramilitaries — the Freikorps — rampaged through the Baltic States under the pretext of fighting Bolshevism.
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More troubling is the outspoken sympathy of the president and his family for the paramilitaries.
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Subsistence farmers have often been obliged by rebel groups, paramilitaries and crime gangs to plant coca.
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Colombians have suffered from war between right-wing paramilitaries, Marxist rebels, and government forces since 1964.
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He said the Shi'ite paramilitaries fall under the army, police and regular military chain-of-command.
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The paramilitaries placed a hitman in front of his mother's house, in case he dares return.
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Then Hasbún joined the paramilitaries and became one of the most powerful commanders in the region.
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The paramilitaries seemed to hold sway in the gold-mining town where we spent the night.
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The phenomenon of people going missing, however, has so far been attributed entirely to the paramilitaries.
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That's why Cuarón displayed President Luis Echeverría Álvarez's initials on a hill behind the training paramilitaries.
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Cossack paramilitaries, who style themselves as conservative patriots, helped Russia annex Crimea from Ukraine in 2014.
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"We will find the paramilitaries wherever they are," Padrino said in a statement on state television.
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Gradual infiltration of the increasingly brutal Hong Kong police by mainland paramilitaries is an obvious alternative.
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He was happy to acknowledge that Escobar, trying to cultivate allies to fight against rival criminal groups, had helped form a string of brutal right-wing paramilitaries; he spoke warmly of the former President Álvaro Uribe Vélez, who has frequently been accused of aiding the paramilitaries' work.
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State-aligned paramilitaries and drug cartels have contributed to the violence, with atrocities committed by all sides.
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At the same time, Iran armed, trained and advised Shi'ite paramilitaries that often fought alongside the army.
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Mr Assad has supplemented his forces with fighters from the Lebanese militia Hizbullah, foreign paramilitaries and thugs.
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The Dayton peace agreement, which ended the Bosnian war, required paramilitaries to disarm and decommission their arsenals.
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With festivals, marches and street names, Ukraine has been glorifying paramilitaries responsible for slaughtering thousands of Jews.
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"We congratulate the military and the Popular Mobilisation Forces," a grouping of mostly Shi'ite paramilitaries, he said.
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The spark was a devastating attack on Indian paramilitaries in the disputed Kashmir region on Feb 14.
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The government has pointed the finger at foreign paramilitaries, while opponents have accused security forces of being negligent.
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As a senator, Petro became famous for leading successful investigations into politicians with ties to right-wing paramilitaries.
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He is the only peasant in California who was able to remain when paramilitaries displaced the other families.
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More than 220,000 people have died in the conflict between the government, leftist rebels and right-wing paramilitaries.
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As you can imagine, it was easy to get involved with paramilitaries in Northern Ireland during the 25s.
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The law can also apply to members of the military and civilians who funded illegal groups like paramilitaries.
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Many say the government neglected them for many years, leaving them vulnerable to the guerrillas and the paramilitaries.
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In 2016, 49 people were shot by paramilitaries and 64 people were victims of so-called 'punishment beatings.
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He said the agreement specified that "certain units will abandon the territory," an apparent reference to Iranian paramilitaries.
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Iran-backed Shia paramilitaries have repeatedly called for the "immediate withdrawal" of US forces, since the US attack.
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But a sea border was no good either: It might set off a violent backlash from loyalist paramilitaries.
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Serb paramilitaries entered the conflict with a campaign of murder, rape, mutilation and expulsion mainly against Bosnian Muslims.
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The Amiri statement appears to leave the door open to Shia paramilitaries entering into the battle for Tal Afar.
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State-aligned paramilitaries wiped out the FARC-based Patriotic Union party within nine years of its foundation in 1985.
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Solano also cultivated an unusual "spy" within the ranks of the paramilitaries: his cousin, who had joined the Urabeños.
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The conflict between FARC and far-right government paramilitaries has reportedly killed more than 220,000 people over the years.
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Iran is successful because it relies on powerful local allies, including friendly Shiite paramilitaries within the Popular Mobilization Forces.
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The Orangemen strutted past homes decorated with flags of loyalist paramilitaries and murals showing armed paramilitary men in balaclavas.
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In Zinana, displaced Kurds told Reuters stories of abuse at the hands of the Shi'ite paramilitaries who captured Tuz.
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The watchtowers of Iraq's border guard which nominally polices the frontier disappear, and the paramilitaries are the only force.
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Paramilitaries who had dealt in Semtex and Armalites turned their attention to early-day motions and the d'Hondt voting system.
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Years later, the paramilitaries killed his father and brother and stole their family farm, but Hesmar doesn't dwell on it.
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India's security forces have also reinforced their already large presence in Kashmir, drafting in 20,1.33 paramilitaries and 10,000 more soldiers.
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Thousands of former guerrillas were assassinated by paramilitaries after joining a political party during a peace attempt in the 1980s.
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Jobbik has openly vilified Jews, gays and foreigners, and its paramilitaries used to march through areas where Roma people live.
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Colombia's conflict between the government, rebel groups, paramilitaries and crime gangs has killed at least 220,000 people and displaced millions.
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Venezuela's government shut the border last year because, it said, paramilitaries and criminals were crossing it to enter the country.
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"A lot of photos had to be buried because the paramilitaries could go into a house and search," he said.
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Over the summer, masked paramilitaries, often accompanied by the police, attacked protesters at barricades and regained control of the streets.
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On Day 1013, he established links between his brownshirt paramilitaries and the official law-and-order apparatus of the state.
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Even before Brexit re-opened the Pandora's Box of political demons along the border, paramilitaries on both sides are active.
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A college campus was raided by paramilitaries in full military gear, accompanied by an armored vehicle, injuring around 50 students.
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"Paracos," said the witness, a ranch hand who worked at La Carolina in 1995, using a common term for paramilitaries.
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The teenager who was shot by republican paramilitaries was being punished for stealing a phone and laptop from a store.
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No one informed the police, including the boy's mother, who said the paramilitaries would have killed her if she did.
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Philippine experts almost uniformly warn that one of the greatest risks of the new Duterte presidency is the rise of paramilitaries.
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A group of people lie dead – the local soldier in charge of the operation down there says they're traffickers and paramilitaries.
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The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), meanwhile, opposes any amnesty that might quash the remote possibility of bringing ex-paramilitaries to trial.
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Colombia's long conflict between the government, rebel groups, paramilitaries and crime gangs has killed at least 220,000 people and displaced millions.
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In Iraq, I embedded with Iranian-backed Shia paramilitaries in the battle to drive ISIS out of the city of Tikrit.
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Colombia has long dealt with left-wing guerrillas, right-wing paramilitaries, and criminal syndicates — all involved in the country's drug trade.
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His presidency was dogged with accusations of using right-wing paramilitaries to carry out atrocities in order to weaken the rebels.
|
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Former hardline president Alvaro Uribe — known for sponsoring right-wing paramilitaries — has become a particularly vocal opponent to the peace process.
|
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He demobilized in the 2006 deal that guaranteed former paramilitaries reduced sentences in exchange for information about the atrocities they committed.
|
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But human rights groups, eyewitnesses, and CCTV evidence all put police and pro-government paramilitaries at the scene of the crime.
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In 2015, Ukraine passed laws making it a criminal offense to deny the heroic nature of two World War II paramilitaries.
|
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Most paramilitaries put down their arms in 1998, after a peace deal opened the land border between northern and southern Ireland.
|
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Other pictures showed paramilitaries sitting in the mayor's own office, feet propped up on his desk and on his Kurdish flag.
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But they fear alienation and arrest if they return to areas of Iraq where Shi'ite paramilitaries now have the upper hand.
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Shia paramilitaries will not be involved in the assault on Mosul, but will be tasked with securing areas around the city instead.
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In Colombia officials were also exonerated, but a contractor was sentenced to 38 years in prison for making payments to the paramilitaries.
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Battles between the guerrillas, paramilitaries, drug gangs and the army raged in the countryside and there were atrocities committed on all sides.
|
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Colombia's conflict, pitting leftist rebels against right-wing paramilitaries and the military, has lasted almost 53 years and taken more 220,000 lives.
|
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Battles between the guerrillas, paramilitaries, drug gangs and the Colombian army have raged in the countryside with atrocities committed on all sides.
|
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The UVF kept a strict eye on people who claimed to have converted to Christianity and left the world of paramilitaries behind.
|
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It is most wary of right-wing paramilitaries like those that arose in past decades to fight the FARC and other guerrillas.
|
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The decades-long armed conflict between the guerrillas and the paramilitaries erupted abruptly on our island in 2000, when I was 16.
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The paramilitaries, or Popular Mobilisation Forces, are mostly trained and backed by Iran, so Abadi risks angering his most powerful regional backer.
|
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The dissidents asked The Times not to reveal the location of their camp out of fear the government or paramilitaries might attack.
|
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The trigger: a deadly car bomb attack on a convoy of Indian paramilitaries in the section of Kashmir controlled by New Delhi.
|
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Family members said the victim had been shot in his car, dragged out alive by paramilitaries and run over by a tank.
|
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But his allegations spurred the arrest and watershed conviction of dozens of politicians and members of congress for criminal ties to the paramilitaries.
|
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In Algiers she marshalled her fellows into a 30-strong posse to accompany (and save the life of) a journalist arrested by paramilitaries.
|
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The paramilitaries could not go home because "they are at home" already, he was quoted as saying by the state news agency IRNA.
|
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He was pulled off a bus in 2008, by the paramilitaries who stayed behind to control the local drug trade and protection rackets.
|
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Evidence of past hostilities line many residential streets in the form of "peace walls" dividing neighborhoods and large murals depicting rifle-wielding paramilitaries.
|
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More than 220,000 people have been killed during the Andean country's conflict between the government, leftist rebels, right-wing paramilitaries and drug traffickers.
|
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Three paramilitaries, a local policeman and a woman bystander were wounded, and one militant was killed when the police returned fire, he said.
|
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Almost every day, convoys of Toyota trucks crammed with masked paramilitaries rolled into the rebellious towns south of Managua to demolish the barricades.
|
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The Ukrainians say any such vote would be manipulated and meaningless as long as Russian troops and Russian-backed paramilitaries control the territory.
|
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Paramilitaries had begun to threaten him, he said, and then last year a former commander living nearby as a civilian was shot dead.
|
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Laskar Jihad, a militant group, began using nearby jungles as its hide-out, arming Islamic paramilitaries to wage jihad with more potent weaponry.
|
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It was under Nehru that Indian troops and paramilitaries were unleashed on indigenous peoples in India's northeastern states in the 1950s and '60s.
|
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In Latin America, left-wing guerrillas and right-wing paramilitaries, both involved in drug trafficking, have in the past appeared on the list.
|
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In Latin America, left-wing guerrilla and right-wing paramilitaries, both involved in drug trafficking, have in the past appeared on the list.
|
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The United States government largely stayed silent as the death toll mounted at the hands of the Indonesian Army, paramilitaries and religious mobs.
|
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Dissident FARC fighters, the rebel National Liberation Army (ELN), right-wing paramilitaries and drug-trafficking gangs are battling each other and the military.
|
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Afterwards, Camila and her mother were illegally detained by paramilitaries and accused of supporting the guerrillas, and this stirred up anger in Camila.
|
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It came under the full control of Iraqi government forces and mostly Iran-backed Shi'ite paramilitaries known as Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF) in October.
|
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Thousands of women, including former rebel fighters, are believed to have suffered sexual abuse at the hands of rebels and paramilitaries during the war.
|
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Where were these Dutch peacekeepers when Serb paramilitaries slaughtered more than 7,000 Muslim men and boys and rounded up women and girls for deportation?
|
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RSF paramilitaries are keeping watch from their vehicles positioned between the former sit-in area and the presidential palace, where Hemedti has an office.
|
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More than 220,000 people were killed during the Andean country's long internal conflict between the government, leftist rebels, right-wing paramilitaries and drug traffickers.
|
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But the joy was short-lived as Iraqi government forces and Shi'ite paramilitaries shattered the Kurds' dreams with a series of lightning military advances.
|
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More than 220,0003 people have died on the battlefield or in massacres during the struggle between leftist guerrillas, right-wing paramilitaries and government troops.
|
|
Last year four Catholic families in a mixed-housing project in Cantrell Close, Belfast, were advised by police to leave, after threats from paramilitaries.
|
|
President Nicolas Maduro's government has blamed local gangs, with the involvement of foreign paramilitaries, while the opposition has accused local security forces of complicity.
|
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The Shia paramilitaries, known as the Popular Mobilization Units, were condemned for their brutality against Iraqis living in areas that were under ISIS' control.
|
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Many Sunnis consider the paramilitaries to be sectarian militia and accuse them of having carried out abuses in Sunni areas recaptured from Islamic State.
|
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In each case, the danger to the United States from aggressive leaders, weapons of mass destruction, violent paramilitaries and radicalized sympathizers is very real.
|
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Massacres — like one in 2002 in the town of Bojayá, where rebels killed 119 civilians while fighting paramilitaries — have been seared into Colombian memory.
|
|
Iraqi army and Federal Police troops, backed by Shi'ite paramilitaries, began fighting house-by-house in the center of the town earlier on Wednesday.
|
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In Iraq, the group faced mainly U.S.-backed Iraqi government forces and Kurdish Peshmerga fighters, and Iranian-trained Shi'ite paramilitaries known as Popular Mobilisation.
|
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Mr. McGuinness had fought a war to erase that border — and the British Army and Loyalist paramilitaries had fought a war to maintain it.
|
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More than 260,000 people have been killed and millions displaced during Colombia's conflict between the government, rebel groups, crime gangs and right-wing paramilitaries.
|
|
In parts of Salahuddin province, north of Baghdad, flags of some factions still fly at checkpoints and paramilitaries man roadblocks in neighboring Anbar province.
|
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In parts of Salahuddin province, north of Baghdad, flags of some factions still fly at checkpoints and paramilitaries man roadblocks in neighbouring Anbar province.
|
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Their civic functions are better left to rich guys, ultrapowerful mutants or off-the-books paramilitaries made up of industrialists, military officers and demigods.
|
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Considering normal political action hopeless, some antifa activists claim inspiration from the left-wing paramilitaries of Weimar Germany and from the Black Panther Party.
|
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Last Wednesday, 18 escaped from the town of Tal Afar in northern Iraq as Shi'ite paramilitaries cut it off from the south and west.
|
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Paramilitaries or ethnic militias known as special police, initially established as counterinsurgency units, are increasingly involved in ethnic conflicts, mainly between neighboring ethnic states.
|
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Now they are bottled up in a small pocket of territory, with escape routes across the desert and toward Syria blocked off by Iraqi paramilitaries.
|
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Participation in the election by members of Iraq's Iran-backed Shi'ite paramilitaries, collectively known as Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF), has been hotly debated in Iraq.
|
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The ELN is in talks in Ecuador to end its part in a conflict involving government troops, leftist rebels, crime gangs and right-wing paramilitaries.
|
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This week his paramilitaries roughed up two bishops when they went to the aid of opponents of the government who were sheltering in a church.
|
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The film features what became known as the "Corpus Christi" massacre of June 1971, in which paramilitaries linked to the regime killed unarmed student demonstrators.
|
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They were banana workers, killed because paramilitaries insisted they were allied with the guerrillas, who had infiltrated the banana unions in the 1980s and 1990s.
|
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The man said that he and others from his neighborhood in Managua were building a barricade in May when paramilitaries suddenly began firing at them.
|
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But the struggle between the FARC and the state, exacerbated in earlier years by right-wing paramilitaries, was by far the biggest conflict (see chart).
|
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When paramilitaries attacked the campus in mid-July she was one of nearly 200 students driven out under heavy fire that left two people dead.
|
|
The federal government deployed 4,000 troops and 5,000 paramilitaries in a massive show of force, and ordered an end to the protests by Sunday night.
|
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I drove south to the Blace border crossing, down the same road that we took when we were expelled by the Serbian paramilitaries in 1999.
|
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He told me that Josué Rafael had been helping the young men at the tranques —the barricades—when the paramilitaries shot him in the stomach.
|
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His widow, Margarita Castillo, wearing a faded pink T-shirt and leopard-print stockings, wept as she recalled how the paramilitaries had taken him away.
|
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Police and paramilitaries -- masked, armed men in pickup trucks -- continue to clamp down on protests and those supporting them, as fear grows throughout the country.
|
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Iraqi forces and Shi'ite paramilitaries, known as Popular Mobilisation, are deployed south and west of Kirkuk, in areas previously under the control of Islamic State.
|
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Mediation by the Nicaraguan Bishops Conference allowed the evacuation of 14 injured students on Friday night, but the paramilitaries' firing continued well into Saturday morning.
|
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The doctor, Diaa Ali, witnessed the crackdown last Monday when paramilitaries rampaged through central Khartoum, shooting pro-democracy protesters, burning tents and sexually assaulting women.
|
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The paramilitaries are formally part of Iraq's security forces but operate semi-independently, backed by powerful Iran-allied politicians, and are expanding their economic power.
|
|
The central government in Berlin, although itself socialist, had the rebellion crushed by soldiers and freebooting right-wing paramilitaries; at least 19186 people were killed.
|
|
A dull apparatchik whose ambition exactly matched his bloodthirst, Mr. Milosevic was reliant on the oppressive machinery of his police, secret service and the paramilitaries.
|
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Loyalist paramilitaries feed off this to gain recruits, though according to the police, these groups are more often involved in organized crime than in politics.
|
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The sources for this article have knowledge of questionable U.S. dealings with murderous paramilitaries that had publicly been declared enemies of freedom in the region.
|
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Colombia's five-decade internal conflict between guerrilla groups, right-wing paramilitaries, drug gangs and the army has killed more than 260,000 people and displaced millions.
|
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Mr. O'Donnell had dismissed paramilitaries to me as "hoods with guns," but like him, many of the rioters were teenagers born after the 1998 agreement.
|
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Paramilitaries, sometimes with the aid of military officials, systematically assassinated 5,000 members of the left-wing Patriotic Union party in the 1980s, including two presidential candidates.
|
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Led by the local "Blackshirts"—Mussolini's paramilitaries, officially granted carta bianca—regular soldiers, carabinieri and perhaps more than half of Addis Ababa's Italian civilians took part.
|
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Prosecutors presented evidence that two of the men had traveled to Russia, where they trained with paramilitaries who had fought alongside Russian separatists in Eastern Ukraine.
|
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A Reuters witness saw police and paramilitaries fire volleys of tear gas and shoot into the air outside the Notre Dame cathedral in the capital Kinshasa.
|
|
Colombia's conflict between the government, rebel groups, paramilitaries and crime gangs has lasted more than 50 years, leaving at least 220,000 people dead and millions displaced.
|
|
They are worried not only about an armed reckoning following a contested election, but also about rising violence from the paramilitaries loyal to President Donald Trump.
|
|
Demagogue Benito Mussolini set out to convert the workers to nationalism, violently shutting down leftist opposition with paramilitaries that would roam the streets, beating up socialists.
|
|
Ortega denied responsibility, saying that the paramilitaries were an invention of the media, or were aligned with his enemies, or were merely local people defending themselves.
|
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He and his comrades wanted Ortega to agree to early elections, disband the paramilitaries, purge the judiciary, and amend a constitutional clause that permits indefinite reëlection.
|
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Iraqi forces and Shi'ite Muslim paramilitaries, known as Popular Mobilisation, are deployed south and west of Kirkuk, in areas previously under the control of Islamic State.
|
|
Now, eight years after the paramilitaries were extradited, Colombia has reached a peace deal with their mortal enemies, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (the FARC).
|
|
The government is beholden to nationalist paramilitaries for their role in the war in the east, even as some of those same groups espouse ugly ideologies.
|
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The proposal would have freed more than 30 former members of the security forces and paramilitaries convicted of human rights violations during Guatemala's long armed conflict.
|
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Such a border is almost guaranteed to be attacked by dissident Republican paramilitaries, who reject the peace process and seek to reunite Ireland via armed struggle.
|
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More than 260,000 people have been killed and millions displaced during Colombia's decades-long conflict between the government, rebel groups, crime gangs and right-wing paramilitaries.
|
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From arming the Ukrainians to taking lethal action against Russian paramilitaries in Syria, when it comes to action, Trump's administration has simply been tougher on Putin.
|
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Conceived by Hugo Chavez and trained by state security officials (who are in turn trained by the Cuban secret police), the colectivos paramilitaries are government proxies.
|
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The paramilitaries were behind most of the 260,000 killings that occurred during the nation's half-century conflict and never fully demobilized under a 2006 peace agreement.
|
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At least 11 civilians were killed, Amnesty said, citing testimonies of people who escaped from the city who said they were attacked by Turkmen Shiite paramilitaries.
|
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Only 240 percent of Europeans would be happy to work with a Roma person, while far-right paramilitaries and armed mobs stalk them across Eastern Europe.
|
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Al-QAIM, Iraq (Reuters) - From a desert hillside guarded by Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitaries, commander Qasim Muslih can spot Islamic State hideouts across the frontier in Syria.
|
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Among the latest victims were at least 20 killed on July 8th when the paramilitaries cleared opposition barricades from two small towns south of Managua, the capital.
|
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Colombia&aposs conflict between leftist rebels, paramilitaries and the state left at least 250,000 dead, 60,000 missing and millions displaced in a war that still haunts many.
|
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The Iran-backed and battle-hardened paramilitaries bring additional firepower to the nearly two-week-old campaign to recapture Iraq's second largest city from the jihadist group.
|
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Often as ruthless as the rebels they opposed, many paramilitaries morphed into drug gangs and death squads known for particularly gruesome slaughters, sometimes with chainsaws and machetes.
|
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The men are suspected of crimes against humanity committed during a wide and systematic attack by Serb army, police and paramilitaries in the Prijedor region, it added.
|
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The army, meanwhile, has promised to deploy 80,000 soldiers to secure ex-FARC territories from guerrillas, paramilitaries and whoever else wants a share of the coca bonanza.
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They have financed their half-century war with the government, and with right-wing government-backed paramilitaries, with the help of systematic extortion, kidnapping, and drug trafficking.
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Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitaries have said that once they are finished with ISIS in their own country, they will help rid Syria of terrorists (for which read Sunni groups).
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In September, Druse protesters and paramilitaries overtook a government building in the southern province of Sweida and even destroyed a statue of Hafez al-Assad, Mr. Assad's father.
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In Berlin the communist luminaries Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg were murdered as Social Democrat party leaders used Freikorps paramilitaries to assert the authority of their fledgling government.
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Human rights groups say the clearance process is rife with abuse, and report that civilians have been tortured and in some cases executed by Iraqi security and paramilitaries.
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She said that when she was arrested and the flag pulled from a friend&aposs backpack, the masked paramilitaries threw her and the other students to the ground.
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Videos circulating on social media captured paramilitaries working in concert with uniformed police; one showed Ortega, in a crowd of officers in riot gear, embracing a masked man.
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Residents want peace, but they harbor no particular rooting interest in the army or the drug gangs or the paramilitaries composed of retired cops: All armies are lethal.
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It wants to weaken the paramilitaries which have expanded their sway over land stretching to Syria and Lebanon, and for Iraq to decrease dependence on Iranian gas exports.
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More than 220,000 people have died in the conflict between the government, the ELN, the FARC and right-wing paramilitaries, while millions have been displaced from their homes.
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"We have to say with regret that we do not see the government's will to tackle, as it should, paramilitaries as a phenomenon that threatens peace," said Rodriguez.
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Their final report, published by Reuters during their trial, makes clear that their work constituted an admirable and comprehensible indictment of crimes against humanity by policemen and paramilitaries.
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Last year, during a four-month siege, nearly 100 people were killed and hundreds blinded, as Indian paramilitaries rained bullets and millions of buckshot pellets on protesting crowds.
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Related: Paramilitaries Are Still Murdering Zapatistas in Mexico In 2000 the subcomandante led a caravan of the Zapatista indigenous leadership around Mexico where he spoke to packed plazas.
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The following year Lennon, who had been due to captain his country in a match at Windsor Park against Cyprus, received a death threat, supposedly from Loyalist paramilitaries.
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They are definitely not classically fascist—there are no partisan paramilitaries storming through the streets (yet)—but they belong in the same family tree of extreme reactionary politics.
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Crumlin Road prison, once a holding place for paramilitaries, is now a tourist attraction that hosts weddings (promising, and doubtless providing, "a surrounding that will keep your guests talking").
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Such a designation, rare under international law, would mark the first recognised genocide carried out by non-state actors, rather than a state or paramilitaries acting on its behalf.
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Such a designation, rare under international law, would mark the first recognized genocide carried out by non-state actors, rather than a state or paramilitaries acting on its behalf.
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Masaya, which is flanked by an active volcano and a crater lake, has few roads in and out, and before long the paramilitaries had effectively sealed off the city.
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The first FARC attempt to found a political party, called the Patriotic Union, resulted in the assassinations of some 5,000 party members by right-wing paramilitaries in the 1980s.
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The biggest of the dozen or so paramilitaries are the Rapid Support Forces, which grew out of the infamous janjaweed militia responsible for massacres in Darfur 15 years ago.
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As national law enforcement shrank, irregular armed groups took their place, including Colombian Marxist guerrillas, former right-wing paramilitaries, criminal gangs, pro-Maduro militias and indigenous self-defense groups.
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Designating a cartel as a terrorist organization could be used to beef up legal cases against them, as it was used against cocaine-trafficking guerrillas and paramilitaries in Colombia.
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The Guatemalan president also backs a bill that would grant amnesty to dozens of military officers and paramilitaries convicted of crimes related to the country's decades of armed conflict.
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Those who fought were drawn from the army, air force, federal and local police, elite counter-terrorism forces, as well as Shi'ite and Sunni paramilitaries and Kurdish Peshmerga fighters.
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An estimated 0003,000 troops, including Iraqi soldiers, Peshmerga fighters, Sunni tribal paramilitaries and Christian and Turkmen militias are involved in the offensive, though not all are on the front line.
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The night that Tadek's parents brought him home from the hospital in 21943, he slept through riots outside their front door in which pro-democracy activists clashed with communist paramilitaries.
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Backed by a million basijis, or volunteer paramilitaries, they can arrest journalists, muzzle the media and, through their foreign operatives across the Middle East, continue to inflame relations with America.
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Ten new integrated estates have been built across the province, but in one such development four families claimed to have been intimidated out of their new homes by loyalist paramilitaries.
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More than 300 people have died in the crackdown, most of them protesters killed by security forces and state-controlled paramilitaries, according to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
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Divisions from the Iraqi army and federal police, backed by units from Shi'ite paramilitaries, retook al-'Ayadiya on Thursday, military officers told Reuters, after several days of unexpectedly fierce fighting.
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Meanwhile, South Korea has openly admitted to having an assassination plan ready for Kim Jong Un, and even has elite paramilitaries ready to take action whenever the order is given.
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Iraqi troops, alongside Iran-backed Shia paramilitaries, turned on their former Kurdish allies in the battle against ISIS in response to the referendum, which overwhelmingly favored breaking away from Iraq.
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The designation of genocide, rare under international law, would mark the first recognized genocide carried out by non-state actors, rather than a state or paramilitaries acting on its behalf.
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In Monimbó the next day, I found masked paramilitaries everywhere: standing guard in the main square or careering around in pickups, flashing victory signs and waving weapons in the air.
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On Wednesday, the Kurdish authorities accused Iraqi forces and Iranian-trained Iraqi paramilitaries of "preparing a major attack" on the oil-rich region of Kirkuk and the area near Mosul.
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The book covers their dangerous efforts, the links between the paramilitaries and Colombia's political establishment, and the influence of the United States Drug Enforcement Administration and its war on drugs.
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But as the decades passed, what had begun as a peasant revolt against deep injustices and acute poverty transformed into a cocaine-fueled war that also involved state-backed paramilitaries.
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Lalesh is affiliated with Popular Mobilisation, an armed group formed mainly of Iran-trained Shi'ite paramilitaries, with the participation of smaller forces from other communities including Sunnis, Christians and Yazidis.
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One of his earliest memories is of the bark of Serb paramilitaries who invaded the town, rounded up the adult men and shot dozens of them outside his elementary school.
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Until Baghdad's offensive, Tuz Khurmato had been jointly administered by Kurdish forces, local police and the Iran-backed Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) paramilitaries, allied with the town's Shi'ite Turkmen population.
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Al-Fatih is led by Hadi al-Amiri, who has close ties with Iran and heads an umbrella group of paramilitaries that played a key role in defeating Islamic State.
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Russia has great influence with the regime's forces, but less with the plethora of militia that support them, from Syrian irregulars known as 'shabiha,' to Iraqi and even Afghan Shia paramilitaries.
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"People would absolutely resist any attempt to cordon off" the province from the mainland, says Winston Irvine, a Shankill community leader who is familiar with the thinking of west Belfast's paramilitaries.
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" Reagan also presided over "the Iran-Contra affair, in which we supported right-wing paramilitaries and did nothing to enhance our image in Central America, and it wasn't successful at all.
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In 1994, right-wing paramilitaries—which started as government-backed groups charged with combating FARC and other insurgents, before becoming powerful illegal armies in their own right—arrived in the area.
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The latter is made up of a new generation of criminals, from ex-combatants who have abandoned the peace process' reintegration programs to members of youth gangs and right-wing paramilitaries.
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Neither have objected to the choice of Elliot Abrams—who helped coordinate right-wing, human rights–violating paramilitaries in Latin America in the Reagan administration—as new special envoy to Venezuela.
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Then, paramilitaries laid siege to a church at the edge of the main university campus in Managua after attacking and expelling the students who had occupied the campus for two months.
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On Wednesday, Ms. Bachelet, a former center-left president of Chile with a previously neutral position on Venezuela, accused Mr. Maduro's government of human rights violations and the arming of paramilitaries.
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Right-wing paramilitaries have been training for years, descendants of the militias of the 1990s, reawakened by their horror that a black man had been elected president of the United States.
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Ten days after his TV interview, a masked man wearing a costume associated with paramilitaries fighting British control in Northern Ireland issued a new letter threatening Quinn Industrial's owners and management.
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But in February 2018 the court, which investigates all criminal matters involving lawmakers, said Cepeda had collected information as part of his work and had not paid or pressured former paramilitaries.
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For example, Sweden reported zero far-right terrorist attacks in 2017, even though two members of a neo-Nazi organization bombed a shelter for immigrants that year after training with Russian paramilitaries.
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That welcome has almost certainly gone cold, but those who remain will be wary of either Kurdish forces or Iraqi soldiers or paramilitaries, a majority of whom are Shia, entering the city.
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Students and other young people in the broad opposition movement have thrown up improvised barricades across the country, initially as a means of protest and now in self-defence against the paramilitaries.
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She is is also from Urabá, a survivor of one of the worst massacres in the region, at a village called El Tomate, where paramilitaries killed 16 peasants and burned several houses.
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Human rights groups have warned of possible sectarian violence if the Shi'ite paramilitaries seize areas where Sunni Muslims form a majority, which is the case in much of northern and western Iraq.
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But cartels, gangs, and paramilitaries are now vying for control of the lucrative industry once controlled by the FARC, and in the process they're trying to win support from the beleaguered farmers.
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On Monday, an official of the Kurdistan Regional Government's (KRG) security council said Iraqi government forces and Iranian-backed Popular Mobilisation paramilitaries were deploying tanks and artillery in Rabi'a, northwest of Mosul.
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BAGHDAD, Oct 11 (Reuters) - Iraqi government forces and Iranian-trained Iraqi paramilitaries are "preparing a major attack" on Kurdish forces in the area of Kirkuk, said the Kurdistan Regional Government on Wednesday.
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After escaping an attack in his hometown, Mr. Panclasta said, he fled to the town of Segovia, where paramilitaries killed 43 people the next year, opening fire and throwing grenades at random.
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As a result, in 20043, the Justice Department created an "access plan," promising to make about a dozen key paramilitaries available for in-person or video interviews — if the men were willing.
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Colombian police sources confirmed the men were members of the Rastrojos, a criminal group made up of ex-paramilitaries that engages in drug trafficking across the country, including along the Venezuelan border.
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Related: British politician's murder leaves EU membership campaigns in limbo The 1998 accord led the now-semi-defunct Irish Republican Army's terrorist-cum-freedom fighters and Protestant paramilitaries to decommission their weapons.
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It has been an important stream of income for armed groups in Colombia for some time, as guerrillas and paramilitaries charge taxes on illegal and informal mining in their areas of influence.
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In all the years since the deal, the IRA, the multiple Protestant paramilitaries known as Loyalists, Northern Ireland's police nor the British state have ever comprehensively owned up to their past misdeeds.
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ARAUCA/CUCUTA, Colombia (Reuters) - Venezuela's crisis is spilling across the border into Colombia as Marxist rebels and right-wing paramilitaries recruit migrants to strengthen their ranks, according to five Colombian military commanders.
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Iraq's Popular Mobilisation Forces, a grouping of mostly Iran-backed Shi'ite paramilitaries, said a U.S. air strike on the Iraqi border with Syria killed 22 of its members and wounded 12 others.
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But with fewer Sunni militants to contend with on the Iraqi side a year after Baghdad declared victory over IS, many Shi'ite paramilitaries now see the United States as a bigger threat.
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Since October, a coalition of Iraqi-led forces including the Iraqi army, counter-terrorism forces, federal police, Kurdish Peshmerga fighters and Shiite-led paramilitaries have pushed to end ISIS' brutal rule in Mosul.
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The mainly Protestant Ulster police force was often accused of collusion with loyalist paramilitaries, while several former members of the IRA later became significant players in the Irish nationalist political party Sinn Féin.
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ETA was also designated as terrorist group by the United States and EU. Colombia's long conflict, which also involves right-wing paramilitaries and crime gangs, has killed some 260,000 people and displaced millions.
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Two years ago, while strolling along a sidewalk with kids from Juan Frío, a town just 25 minutes from Colombia's border with Venezuela, rapper and activist Jorge Botello was almost killed by paramilitaries.
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Fearing they would be next, Solano's father in 19893 sold the family's land for a very cheap price to José Vicente Cantero, a cattle rancher accused of being an ally of the paramilitaries.
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With a massive shared border and religious and cultural ties — and the major role of Iranian-backed paramilitaries in Iraq's defeat of the Islamic State — the Islamic Republic's influence in Iraq is entrenched.
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In my conversation with González, she addressed this reversal, saying, "Paramilitaries used to take people out of their homes, and nowadays it is Maduro's government"; ironically, Colombia has become the place of refuge.
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U.S.-backed Iraqi government forces, Iranian-backed paramilitaries and Kurdish fighters fought alongside each other to defeat Islamic State but the alliance has faltered since the militants were largely defeated in the country.
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Some landmarks were unchanged, such as the gray, communist-era Grand Hotel, where we foreign journalists had been corralled and then expelled by Serbian paramilitaries on the first day of the NATO bombing.
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"Iraq has shown zero signs of de-escalating," said a statement by the KRG Security Council about the deployment, adding that units being brought to the region include Iranian-backed Popular Mobilisation paramilitaries.
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The 133-year conflict, involving the FARC, the military and brutal right-wing paramilitaries, is believed to have claimed more than 220,000 lives, left 40,000 people missing and displaced more than five million.
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In a country where civil war has raged for more than 50 years, in which guerrilla separatists and state sanctioned paramilitaries have been accused of horrific war crimes, this is no idle threat.
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In working-class Catholic neighborhoods like Creggan, republican paramilitaries have taken advantage of the community's deep mistrust toward the predominantly Protestant Police Service of Northern Ireland to impose their own version of justice.
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He came to London from Belfast, where he was Tony Blair's senior official on the Northern Ireland peace process, responsible for negotiations with political parties, paramilitaries and with the Irish and US Governments.
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This in turn led to a period of prolonged political stasis, which analysts feared might lead to a loss of public faith in conventional politics, and revive sympathy for nationalist and unionist paramilitaries.
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But though largely positive, many Colombians have also qualified their welcome to the imminent end of 52 years of a bitter and bloody struggle that has also involved state-backed right-wing paramilitaries.
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The most acute act of related violence, after those initial few days of the uprising, took place in December 1997 when 47 people at a prayer meeting were massacred by anti-Zapatista paramilitaries.
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The sit down will end three years of back and forth between the two sides and hopefully stop a conflict that pit leftist rebels against right-wing paramilitaries and the military, killing over 220,000.
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Here was Karadzic, the political leader of those same Serb paramilitaries who had committed genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, a decade and a half later, smug and smart, badgering the Dutchbat officer.
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Uniformed Iraqi soldiers could also be part of the fray; they are Shia-dominated, so it's not clear if they would take up arms against their fellow Shia paramilitaries or perhaps merely stand aside.
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And although footage of food and medical supplies turned away cannot have improved Mr Maduro's dismal reputation at home, there is not yet much sign that the armed forces or paramilitaries are abandoning him.
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Similar violence appeared likely to unfold on Sunday after right-wing paramilitaries, emboldened by their popularity for fighting in the war against Russian-backed separatists in the east, vowed to shut down the march.
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Until now, it has not been clear whether the Shi'ite paramilitaries would join the fight, or whether the western approaches of the city would be left open so that civilians and militants could escape.
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Unlike Hoda, however, he was allowed to question himself and his earlier battery of motivations—as have virtually all American troops and paramilitaries who have killed civilians, deliberately or accidentally, in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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Iraqi Shi'ite Muslim paramilitaries who helped defeat Islamic State are also stationed around Sinjar, as are Iraqi Kurdish peshmerga forces - PKK rivals who serve the authorities that run northern Iraq's semi-autonomous Kurdish region.
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While FARC is Colombia's largest rebel group, there are the additional challenges of peace talks with ELN, which uses kidnapping at its main financing tool, and the ongoing violence associated with narcotraffickers and paramilitaries.
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The United Nations Truth Commission found that Salvadoran government forces, which included military officers trained by the US, paramilitaries and death squads, were responsible for more than 85 percent of the killings and torture.
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A lawmaker from a grouping of the Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF), a umbrella group of Iran-backed paramilitaries, said moves could now include sacking security chiefs in Baghdad and provinces where violence broke out.
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I've been writing about extremism and paramilitaries for a decade now, and I'd still never met any set of people so ideologically committed to their views as the people at Harry's bar that weekend.
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In the end, the army, Shi'ite Muslim paramilitaries and Kurdish Peshmerga fighters mustered rare unity to end Islamic State's reign of terror in Iraq's second city Mosul, seat of the ultra-hardline Sunni insurgents' "caliphate".
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U.S.-backed Iraqi government forces, Iranian-backed paramilitaries and Kurdish fighters fought alongside each other to defeat Islamic State, also called ISIS, but the alliance has faltered with the militants largely defeated in the country.
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If the Shi'ite paramilitaries and Kurds clash, it will mean all-out war between two of the best fighting forces in Iraq, a U.S. ally and OPEC oil producer with an economy shattered by conflict.
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TIKRIT, Iraq (Reuters) - Several blasts hit a position held by Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitaries next to Balad air base north of Baghdad on Tuesday, an Iraqi military official and a source in a paramilitary group said.
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BOGOTA (Reuters) - Remains of at least 100 dismembered prisoners and visitors have been found in drain pipes at a jail in Colombia's capital that houses drug traffickers, Marxist rebels and paramilitaries, investigators said on Wednesday.
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That highlights a serious risk: If and when Mosul is retaken, the Kurdish forces, Shia paramilitaries, and Sunni tribal fighters could find themselves fighting each other for control of the city and its surrounding areas.
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" He warned that the threat in the region comes not only from Iran's military: "It's from their proxies, the paramilitaries, the Shia militia in Iraq, in Syria and in other places in the Middle East.
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All the illegal armed groups in Colombia- rebels and right-wing paramilitaries, along with criminal gangs - have forcibly recruited teenagers or taken on under-age volunteers, especially in remote rural areas with few job opportunities.
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Islamic State militants, also enemies of the Shi'ite paramilitaries, operate in the area where the base is located and in many remote areas of northern Iraq, despite the group having lost its sway over territory.
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Nawfal Hammadi al-Sultan, governor of Nineveh province where Mosul is the capital, also said the PMF buy scrap but dismissed allegations by some local lawmakers that he allows the paramilitaries to control the trade.
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Pro-government militias ("Colectivos"), paramilitaries such as the "Rastrojos," criminal gangs such as the "Pranes," and even Islamist terrorists, namely Hezbollah, use the Maduro regime as a protective shield, which cedes the monopoly on violence.
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Iraqi pro-government paramilitaries launched an offensive against Kurdish troops on Tuesday near the Turkish frontier, pushing towards a strategic border crossing and oil export pipeline hub that Baghdad says must come under its control.
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Maliki remains strongly pro-Iran, as does candidate Hadi al Amiri, whose Iranian-backed Badr Organization is a part of the Popular Mobilization Forces, the Shia paramilitaries that played a vital role in defeating ISIS.
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Iraq's Popular Mobilisation Forces, a grouping of mostly Iran-backed Shi'ite paramilitaries, also said on Monday a U.S. air strike on the Iraqi border with Syria killed 22 of its members and wounded 12 others.
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The Holocaust, especially in Eastern Europe, was made possible with the aid of local governments and paramilitaries, which rounded up and massacred Jews, sometimes in the service of the Nazis, sometimes on their own volition.
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Masked men bang down doors in the early morning and haul off suspects, snipers shoot to kill at protest marches, and paramilitaries dismantle the barricades protesters have built with paving stones pried from the streets.
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Troops from the Iraqi army and mainly Shi'ite paramilitaries known as Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF) were taking part in the campaign against militants hiding in a large strip of border land, Iraqi military officials said.
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One day after the US killed a top Iranian general — a major escalation between the two countries — another strike was reportedly conducted in Iraq, this time targeting members of Iranian-backed paramilitaries in the country.
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To suppress the people of his country from rising up against him, Ortega counts on the loyalty of 20,000 police forces, 3,000 paramilitaries largely integrated in the Sandinistas, and the complicity of the armed forces.
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Uribe - famous for mounting an aggressive military offensive against Marxist guerrillas during his 2002 to 2010 tenure - and his family have long been accused of links to paramilitaries, but previous investigations have borne little fruit.
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Colombia, South America's third economy and the world's biggest cocaine producer, has been torn since the 1960s by fighting that has drawn in multiple leftist rebel groups, right-wing paramilitaries, drug gangs and the army.
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In all over 3,600 people died during the 30-year armed conflict between Catholic Irish nationalists seeking a united Ireland, the British armed forces and pro-British loyalist paramilitaries who wanted to keep Northern Ireland British.
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Two days after Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi announced the start of operations, Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr invited the leaders of the Popular Mobilization Units (PMU) -- the predominantly Shia paramilitaries -- to Najaf to hold talks.
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Interviewed at a migrant shelter in Mexico City where he has been staying since he arrived in June, the man said he feared pro-government paramilitaries or gangs would target him if he returned to Nicaragua.
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Retail prices rose in Mosul last week after Popular Mobilisation, a force of mainly Iranian-backed pro-government Shi'ite paramilitaries, cut the road linking the Iraqi and Syrian parts of the "caliphate", Mosul's main supply route.
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The ELN and the Gulf Clan, founded by former right-wing paramilitaries, are fighting over drug production previously controlled by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) rebels, who demobilized last year after a peace deal.
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For example, the US in the 2000s provided military aid and training to Colombia — in what's known as Plan Colombia — to help the Latin American country go after criminal organizations and paramilitaries funded through drug trafficking.
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Lina, who is now 49 and asked not to reveal her family name, said she was sexually assaulted 22 years ago in northern Colombia by paramilitaries belonging to the Heroes of the Montes de Maria group.
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The trade is one way in which Shi'ite paramilitaries, which are now part of the Iraqi security forces, are transforming their control of land that used to be the IS "caliphate" into a source of wealth.
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The Sunni militant group said it had killed 35 members of Shi'ite paramilitaries known as Popular Mobilisation Forces but the Interior Ministry had earlier said the attack targeted civilians and did not provide official casualty figures.
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BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Iraq's Popular Mobilisation Forces, a grouping of mostly Iran-backed Shi'ite paramilitaries, said on Monday a U.S. air strike on the Iraqi border with Syria killed 22 of its members and wounded 12 others.
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In 2008, Uribe ordered the secret, overnight U.S. extradition of Berna and 13 other top commanders who were reportedly preparing dossiers on his ties to the paramilitaries—setting off a prolonged power struggle between remaining factions.
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It has cut funding for that initiative, and last year land used for coca production reached a new high, while paramilitaries and criminal gangs, also lured by cocaine profits, dominate regions where FARC once held sway.
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"When some young person is shot today or tonight or whatever, first thing people would say is, 'That's awful,' like that shouldn't have happened here," said John Donnelly, who mediates between the paramilitaries and their targets.
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After the siege more than 260 people, mainly Croats, who had sought shelter in the local hospital, were taken to a farm where they were beaten and executed by Serb paramilitaries and buried in a mass grave.
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"The Sunni endowment chief doesn't accept the idea that the Shi'ite endowment can take land in Mosul," said Hayder Abu Hadma, a deputy commander in the Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF), the official grouping of Iraq's Shi'ite paramilitaries.
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In the month since Shi'ite paramilitaries joined the battle for Mosul, they have cleared an area of around 200 square km (80 square miles) southwest of the city, cutting across Iraq's arid and sparsely populated Sunni heartland.
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Increasingly, it's also remembered for illegal wiretapping and intimidation; extensive collusion with right-wing narco-paramilitaries; and the systematic murder of civilians to inflate the number of guerrilla deaths the military could claim for its success metrics.
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BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Iraqi forces and Shi'ite paramilitaries captured an air base from Islamic State on Monday, the army said, gaining a strategic foothold in the north of the country as they push toward the town of Hawija.
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BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Iraqi pro-government paramilitaries launched an offensive against Kurdish troops on Tuesday near the Turkish frontier, pushing towards a strategic border crossing and oil export pipeline hub that Baghdad says must come under its control.
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The violence of the subsequent decades was largely carried out by both Irish nationalist and Northern Irish loyalist paramilitaries, such as the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Ulster Volunteer Force and the Ulster Defense Association, among others.
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The commission is one of a trio of organizations started under the peace accord intended to provide victims with judicial redress and investigative help, no matter whether they were victimized by rebels, paramilitaries or state security forces.
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It took more than 30 years, skyrocketing guerrilla recruitment, a new constitution and the disbandment of a deep well of corruption between parliamentarians and paramilitaries before Colombians created a government legitimate enough to use U.S. aid well.
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Uribe briefly stepped down from the Senate in July after the Supreme Court asked him to testify on allegations of bribery and witness tampering in a case related to claimed ties to paramilitaries, which he vehemently denies.
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In the United States, anyone who knew anything about Colombia knew about Pablo Escobar and the FARC, but very few people knew about the paramilitaries, and stories usually depicted the heroes as D.E.A. agents or law enforcement.
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Taken as a whole, the exhibition gathers outtakes from a nebulous conflict that, on its surface, undermined rather than advanced the lives of the people on whose behalf the police, army troops, and paramilitaries took up arms.
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The Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF) - Iraq's umbrella grouping of mostly Shi'ite Muslim paramilitaries backed by Iran - played a key role defeating IS and formally became part of the armed forces last year, reporting to the prime minister.
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A 2015 report on paramilitaries drafted in part by MI7473, the United Kingdom's domestic intelligence agency, said that all the main paramilitary groups that operated during the Troubles remain intact; moreover, not all their weapons were decommissioned.
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The report's authors considered it very unlikely that these paramilitaries would return to political violence, but the fact that they continue to hold on to weapons just in case seemed to underscore the fragility of the peace.
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At the Baghdad villa, Soleimani told the assembled commanders to form a new militia group of low-profile paramilitaries - unknown to the United States - who could carry out rocket attacks on Americans housed at Iraqi military bases.
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In recent days, fears have grown about the return of border posts after suggestions Britain may leave the EU customs union, a development that would anger Northern Irish nationalists and, experts say, provide obvious targets for paramilitaries.
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Some hawks in Washington growl that the Chinese secretly like the way that North Korea keeps the Americans bogged down, and too distracted to challenge bad behaviour by Chinese naval forces and paramilitaries in the South China Sea.
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BELGRADE (Reuters) - Serbia's special war crimes court sentenced eight former Yugoslav Army soldiers and paramilitaries on Thursday to prison terms of between four and eight years for the killings of 28 Croat civilians during the 1991-1995 war.
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A Kurdish official said Kurdish security forces known as Peshmerga had successfully beaten back an advance by Iranian-backed pro-government paramilitaries in the region of Rabi'a, 40 kilometers (25 miles) south of the Fish-Khabur border area.
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KOSTEL OB KOLPI, Slovenia (Reuters) - Dressed in camouflage and armed with air rifles, Slovenian paramilitaries moves in formation through woods a stone's throw from Croatia, patrolling a border zone where the group's leader says illegal migration is rife.
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Kurdish Peshmerga forces beat back an advance by Iranian-backed pro-government paramilitaries on Tuesday in the region of Rabi'a, 40 km (25 miles) south of the Fish-Khabur border area with Turkey and Syria, Kurdish officials said.
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But the drug enforcement authorities focused primarily on the narco-guerillas at first; the paramilitaries, while opponents in the war on drugs, were technically on the same side as the Colombian and American governments in the civil war.
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Bosnian Serb forces, helped by the now-defunct Serb-dominated Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Serbian paramilitaries, committed atrocities against Muslims in eastern Bosnia early in the conflict as part of their bid to create exclusively Serb territories.
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Eddinson, 26, a migrant from Venezuela's coastal state of Aragua, said he and three other Venezuelans were approached by armed men who identified themselves as paramilitaries as they trekked through the mountains of Santander province near the border.
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But in February the Supreme Court, the body charged with investigating criminal matters involving lawmakers, said Cepeda had collected information from former paramilitaries in the course of his Senate work and that he had not paid or pressured them.
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However, many of the most diverse areas in the country have remained inaccessible for tourists because they suffered armed conflict involving the security forces, right-wing paramilitaries (who demobilised a decade ago) and the leftist guerrillas of the FARC.
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The latest phase in the bid to retake Mosul has advanced more quickly than expected, partly because thousands of Iraqi federal police joined coalition troops that included the Iraqi army, counterterror forces, Kurdish Peshmerga fighters and Shiite-led paramilitaries.
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In the worst days of the war, attacks shook the capital, Bogota, which rebels threatened to overrun, and battles between the guerrillas, paramilitaries, drug gangs and the army raged in the countryside, parts of which remain sown with landmines.
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There is also the possibility that America's reliance on paramilitaries throughout Africa and the Middle East will only embolden sectarian divisions within those societies and exacerbate tensions — continuing the downward spiral of instability and the entrenchment of autocratic regimes.
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BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Iraqi government forces and Iranian-trained Iraqi paramilitaries are "preparing a major attack" on Kurdish forces in the oil-rich region of Kirkuk and near Mosul in northern Iraq, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) said on Wednesday.
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Decades of conflict between Marxist rebels, right-wing paramilitaries, and the Colombian government meant few people made it to this canyon along Guayabero River, where dense forest protects one of the country's most significant but least-known archaeological sites.
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Building on his well-received memoir, "Oblivion," about the murder of his father by paramilitaries, the Colombian writer Abad tells a family story in "The Farm," a novel that deploys the tragic events of his country's history as background.
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PARAMILITARY POWER The Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF) - Iraq's umbrella grouping of mostly Shi'ite Muslim paramilitaries backed by Iran - played a key role defeating IS and formally became part of the armed forces last year, reporting to the prime minister.
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Uribe has been dogged by allegations of links to drug cartels and paramilitaries since the start of his political career in the early 1980s, when the civil aviation agency he led was accused of giving air licenses to drug traffickers.
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However, José Félix Lafaurie, the head of Colombia's association of cattle ranchers—many of whom financed reactionary paramilitaries in the past—has warned pointedly that his group will act as a "bulwark against the FARC's aim of having territorial control".
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The government has blamed attacks on candidates on rebels of the leftist National Liberation Army (ELN), dissident guerrillas from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) who rejected a peace deal and crime gangs founded by former right-wing paramilitaries.
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The military, apparently still largely loyal to Maduro, deployed tanks and tear gas against civilians who poured into plazas and public spaces at Guaidó's call, and military weapons are rumored to have "disappeared" in order to arm pro-Maduro paramilitaries.
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She's worried, too, because some of the paramilitaries she and other members testified against are set to be released from their own transitional justice process this year, and there's no longer an armed group in the region to maintain order.
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Leaders are targeted by armed groups ranging from the National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas and fighters from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) who refused to demobilize under the peace accord, to crime gangs founded by former right-wing paramilitaries.
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After routing the militants from an air base south of Tal Afar several days ago, a coalition of Shi'ite paramilitaries known as the Hashid Shaabi or Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), is preparing to finish the task of encircling the city.
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U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson visited Baghdad this week, but Abadi rebuffed his call for Iraq to reject the role of Iran-backed Shi'ite paramilitaries that fight alongside government troops and have taken a hard line on the Kurds.
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After the protests began in April, people associated with the ruling Sandinista party were mobilized into "shock forces" or "mobs" to attack peaceful protesters, while well-armed pro-government paramilitaries arrested people across the country, according to the U.N. report.
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From the start of the war, I was among a few Western reporters commuting regularly across the siege lines the Bosnian Serb paramilitaries had thrown around Sarajevo to his headquarters at an old skiing lodge in Pale, a mountain village.
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There, the 19th-century project of a Colombian Arcadia eventually collapsed under the strain of La Violencia (as the confrontation between liberals and conservatives was called) and the arrival of guerrillas, paramilitaries, drug trafficking, illegal mining and, finally, real-estate speculation.
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Manufactured in great numbers for the Yugoslav national army, and then seized by paramilitaries during the civil war in the 1990s, the grenades are packed with plastic explosives and 22017,239 steel balls, well suited for attacks on enemy trenches and bunkers.
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It has underlined the key role played by paramilitaries within Colombia's long and bloody conflict that has killed at least 220,000 people and displaced around six million in the 50 years since left-wing guerrillas first rose up against the state.
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The State Department's top envoy for Africa, Tibor P. Nagy, is expected to travel to Sudan on Wednesday to press the military, in particular the Rapid Support Forces paramilitaries who control the capital, to halt violence against civilians and resume talks.
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While Mr. Wheelock suggested that the Ortega government might decide that the church is not a constructive mediator between the government and its opponents, Mr. Wheelock fully supports the church's role in the dialogue and condemns the paramilitaries' attacks on protesters.
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But Indonesia's official excesses infected the whole country, most notably in 1965 and 1966, when an anti-Communist purge by soldiers and paramilitaries led to at least half a million extrajudicial executions and possibly as many as three million deaths.
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"We left with the clothes on our back and nothing else," said Abu Riwar, a member of the Kurdish security forces from the ethnically mixed town of Tuz Khurmato, seized last month by Iraqi troops and Iran-backed Shi'ite paramilitaries.
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FARC leaders have expressed fear of a systematic campaign to assassinate militants and leaders of their political party, as happened with the Patriotic Union, a leftist organization that lost some 5,000 of its members in attacks attributed to right-wing paramilitaries in 1985.
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The court's ruling said it had been proven that the defendants were guilty of the killings, and of mistreating and torturing civilians in October 1991, when the then Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army and paramilitaries attacked the village of Lovas in eastern Croatia.
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Photo: Amy Scaife Photo: London Mexico Solidarity There was a photo of Colombian trade unionist Gilberto Torres, who is currently suing BP for its links to a venture trading company that he alleges was involved in his kidnap and torture by paramilitaries.
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When it was devised in 1999 by the administrations of Bill Clinton and Andrés Pastrana, then Colombia's president, the country was on the brink of becoming a failed state, with much of its territory at the mercy of guerrillas, paramilitaries and drug traffickers.
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Shi'ite Muslim paramilitaries that helped Iraqi forces drive the Sunni IS out of its last strongholds in Iraq have taken control of the thriving trade in scrap metal retrieved from the battlefield, according to scrap dealers and others familiar with the trade.
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But Iran and Hezbollah deny supporting terrorism, Tehran denies arming Yemen's Houthi militia while accusing Saudi-backed forces of killing civilians there, and Iranian-trained Shi'ite paramilitaries helped Iraq's government to reverse the Islamic State militant group's seizure of swathes of Iraqi territory.
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With no market competition, and a unified state security apparatus offering protection against their rivals, Berna and his paramilitaries disciplined the local youth gangs, reducing needlessly "visible" forms of bloodshed and allowing city officials to perform certain basic functions in neglected peripheral neighborhoods.
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"If poor or botched reintegration programs fail to offer opportunities to former child combatants, Colombia's powerful paramilitaries and trafficking groups may offer them a tempting alternative," said Adam Isacson, a senior analyst at the Washington Office on Latin America, a human rights group.
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When a convoy of Red Cross trucks pulled up on a busy avenue in downtown Caracas to distribute water buckets and water-treatment pills to residents, it was surrounded by armed pro-government paramilitaries, who fired into the air to disrupt the delivery.
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The sources said Kawtharani berated the groups, as Soleimani had done in one of his final meetings with them, for failing to come up with a unified plan to contain popular protests against the Baghdad government and the paramilitaries that dominate it.
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BELFAST (Reuters) - After a decade of bitter compromises over paramilitaries and policing, Northern Ireland's power-sharing government finally fell apart this week over the abuse by farmers of a green-energy grant to burn fuels such as wood pellets instead of coal.
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According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, Ms. McKee, 29, was the first journalist to be killed in Northern Ireland since 2001, when loyalists — unionist extremists — shot dead Martin O'Hagan, a reporter investigating paramilitaries and drug gangs for a Dublin-based newspaper.
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Since then, the turmoil has intensified and on Tuesday, doctors put the death toll at 118 people since June 3, while hundreds more have been beaten, arrested and detained, and more than 70 women have reportedly been raped by paramilitaries, according to those same doctors.
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NAJAF, Iraq (Reuters) - The head of a powerful Iraqi militia wants a formal role for Shi'ite paramilitaries in securing the border with Syria, a move that could deepen U.S. worries about Iran's growing sway over a strategic corridor of territory from Tehran to Beirut.
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Record gold prices and a government crackdown on cocaine trafficking have prompted the rebel Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and new criminal gangs linked to former far-right paramilitaries to seek new revenue sources and expand into illegal mining, the Colombian police say.
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Witnesses said, however, that dozens of Kurdish families began to flee Kirkuk on Wednesday for Sulaimaniya inside the KRG for fear of attack by Shi'ite Popular Mobilization paramilitaries, allied with Baghdad and armed by Iran, that had entered the city along with government forces.
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Under Álvaro Uribe, who followed Mr Pastrana as president, the paramilitaries demobilised and the FARC guerrillas were battered so hard that they agreed, in 2012, to start peace talks with the government of Juan Manuel Santos, Mr Uribe's successor (and his former defence minister).
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The demonstrations, largely led by the youth and students, as well as pensioners, unions and religious leaders, have since escalated into a struggle that's seeing locals wield homemade mortars and Molotov cocktails against the live rounds of government forces and paramilitaries allied with the president.
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There's a shadowy security firm with an enigmatic owner (an amusing Irrfan Khan, who's ready for Bond villainy) and the World Health Organization, which has been given a sexy makeover with enigmatic players (Omar Sy, Sidse Babett Knudsen) and fleets of gun-toting paramilitaries.
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Those rivals and others, the report found, are also increasingly engaged in what the military calls "gray-zone conflicts" — actions short of all-out war but that include diplomatic and economic coercion, media manipulation and cyberattacks, and the use of paramilitaries and proxy forces.
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Baghdad's recovery of Kirkuk, situated just outside the KRG's official boundaries on disputed land claimed by Kurds, ethnic Turkmen and Arabs, put the city's Kurds in fear of attack by Shi'ite Muslim paramilitaries, known as Popular Mobilisation, assisting government forces' operations in the region.
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It was this dirty deal that let left-wing intellectuals give sotto-voice support to guerrillas who seemed the only standard-bearers for the poor, and allowed the respectable right to support paramilitaries (often funded by drug cartels) who painted themselves as traditional landlord armies.
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While the new generation of paramilitaries operate in smaller and less sophisticated groups than the militias that fought during the conflict, a spate of attacks this year by republican dissidents with links to the New I.R.A. have stoked fears that they will reignite sectarian tensions.
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The FARC grew into one of the biggest, with as many as 20,000 fighters and the capacity to control large swathes of Colombian territory, though this influence would diminish in the face of US-backed military offensives and proliferation of ruthless state-backed paramilitaries.
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As correspondent for the Economist and the Observer, Hollingworth was in Jerusalem in July 1946 when the King David hotel where she was staying was bombed by Zionist paramilitaries led by future Israeli prime minister Menachim Begin, the only man who's hand she refused to shake.
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The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime issued a report this month that linked Plan Colombia — the US-backed campaign that has funded coca crop eradication and paramilitaries to fight the FARC and ELN (National Liberation Army), another guerrilla group — to the rise of illegal gold mining.
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Over the past 22014 years, this has played out in diverse yet parallel ways across the globe: Colombian paramilitaries or Malay oligarchs seizing peasant land for palm-oil plantations; Paraguayan narcos clearing forests for cattle and soy; Chinese-funded nickel mines polluting farmland in the rural Philippines.
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Rather than a foundational text like Karl Marx's Das Kapital, which communism could turn to, its markers were emotional—seen in its charisma, nostalgia and anger—or aesthetic, with enthusiastic crowds and goose-stepping soldiers cheering before a cultish leader, whose paramilitaries enforced loyalty through violence.
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Iraq does not lack security forces; it has more than 100,000 members of the Popular Mobilization Units, a group mostly Shi'ite paramilitaries, and it has large numbers of soldiers and Interior Ministry troops, as well as elite counter-terrorism forces trained by the U.S. and Coalition partners.
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Written by the Israeli journalists Yaakov Katz and Amir Bohbot, "The Weapon Wizards" offers a lively account of Israel's evolving military prowess, from the early days of Jewish paramilitaries operating within the British Mandate to Israel's recent emergence as exporter of 60 percent of the world's drones.
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There is also concern that the demobilization of the FARC will spark conflicts in areas the rebels once dominated as the ELN and other armed criminal groups and drug cartels, some of them formed from a core of former paramilitaries, compete to fill the vacuum they leave.
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No fewer than three competing forces want to declare victory in Raqqa: the Syrian army backed by Russian air power and Iranian paramilitaries; rebel factions supported by Turkish air power and artillery, and a US-sponsored (loose) alliance of Kurdish and Arab groups called the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
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The Good Friday agreement gave the province's Catholics a share of power and largely ended a conflict in which some 3,600 people had been killed, many at the hands of Irish republican groups such as the IRA, and others by pro-British unionist paramilitaries and British security forces.
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The assault came as the paramilitaries sought to retake the nearby campus of the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, which students have occupied for more than two months during nationwide protests demanding democratic reforms and the resignation of President Daniel Ortega and his wife, Vice President Rosario Murillo.
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If, on the other hand, the British government managed to achieve its apparent aim of maintaining an open border while leaving the EU's customs union, there could be an increase in the already substantial traffic in contraband run by republican paramilitaries along the country roads of south Armagh and north Louth.
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A country transformed: Iranian society has changed dramatically over the past four decades, the New York Times' Thomas Erdbrink writes from Tehran: With the revolution came bans on alcohol, intermingling of the sexes, music on TV and more, all "zealously and sometimes brutally enforced by the morality police" and paramilitaries.
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Another potent contender is Hadi Al Amiri, firebrand leader of the Badr Organization that is a part of the Iranian-funded Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), the Shia paramilitaries that played a key role in defeating ISIS but who have been accused of sectarian atrocities by Iraq's Sunni and Kurdish communities.
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But generations reared in violence are likely to have it in their blood, as the New Irish Republican Army, radical heir to republican paramilitaries of Northern Ireland's long sectarian feud of decades past, demonstrated last week during riots in which the police suspect that a member shot dead a reporter.
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"If they are killing Serbs, we will send the army, all of us will go, I will go as well, it would not be my first time," said Nikolic, who is a former member of the ultra-nationalist Serbian Radical Party and in the 1990s fought alongside Serb paramilitaries in Croatia.
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A member of a radical peasant organization and leftist workers' party, he was one of the sole survivors of a 237 massacre that left at least 29 people dead—"at least" because the paramilitaries who committed the massacre disappeared some of their victims and disposed of others, piece by piece, in the river.
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From 28503 to 22019, three kinds of violence were responsible for the deaths of more than four times as many individuals as battle deaths from war: Homicide – often caused by organized crime; violence among organized groups of citizens, such as paramilitaries and gangs; and violence from terrorists and states killing their own citizens.
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Masoud Barzani with the head of the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq, Paul Bremer, on June 22, 1003 To help make up for the sudden lack of US manpower in the north, Maguire and other US officials put together a motley force consisting of CIA paramilitaries, US special operations troops, and Kurdish soldiers, Maguire said.
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Reconquering the city is the biggest test to date of the Obama administration's preferred strategy for defeating the group: using American airpower to pound the group from the air while helping to arm and train the loose alliance of Iraqi soldiers, Kurdish peshmerga forces, Shia paramilitaries, and Sunni tribal fighters battling ISIS on the ground.
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Seselj repeated on Thursday that he would not voluntarily return to The Hague, which has set March 31 as the date for giving its verdict on his alleged role in fomenting the Balkan wars of the 1990s, when he headed the biggest party in Serbia's parliament and led paramilitaries in wars in Croatia and Bosnia.
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The sulfur fire is part of a larger, disturbing pattern that's been unfolding over the summer and fall: As a loose array of Iraqi troops, Kurdish forces, and Shiite paramilitaries push closer to Mosul, ISIS has been setting fire to oil fields and factories, filling the air with toxins, and contaminating key sources of drinking water.
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The deal between the governments of Britain and Ireland, in conjunction with the main Northern Irish parties and the paramilitaries some of them spoke for, spun a delicate web of compromises between the province's Protestants, most of whom want to remain in the United Kingdom, and its Catholics, who more often identify with the Republic of Ireland.
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By the time the single was released in 1994 — two weeks after a cease-fire announcement from the I.R.A., and a month before one from the unionist paramilitaries who opposed them — the Cranberries were one of the biggest rock bands in the world, with Ms. O'Riordan at the helm, a frontwoman so prominent that the Cranberries meant her.
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Targeting leaders of terrorist paramilitaries seems like a clear-cut mission for the U.S. military, but in these cases it exposed the stark hypocrisy of America's wars: While Al Muhandis and Al Zaidi fought the U.S. on the battlefield, these killers—and many others like them—were also financial beneficiaries and partners of the American military-industrial complex.
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The announcement -- disputed by Pakistan, which says Indian jets did fly across the de facto border, but were pushed back by its forces -- comes less than two weeks after 40 Indian paramilitaries were killed in a devastating car bomb attack in the Kashmir region that has been a source of discord between the two nuclear armed neighbors for decades.
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Living alongside men in close quarters can make these women vulnerable to sexual assault—and, although FARC's internal policy forbids rape, reports show that some female guerrillas in the group were forced to submit to sexual slavery; in addition, Amnesty International has criticized both FARC and the paramilitaries for using rape as a weapon of war.
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Once I had a broader scope and more characters, I could trace the arc of how the paramilitaries grew and what they were, and how they were able to gain so much power and influence and develop all these connections, in a way I wouldn't have been able to do if the book had been about one set of investigations.
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One of the grandees invited to celebrate on a stretch of road outside Newry in the north was Martin McGuinness, the former Irish Republican Army gunman who, like a number of ex-paramilitaries, had reinvented himself as a politician and helped engineer the Good Friday Agreement, which brought an end to the three-decade conflict known as the Troubles in 19723.
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Since a 1998 peace deal that largely ended three decades of sectarian conflict between nationalist and unionist paramilitaries and the British state, Northern Ireland has been mostly ruled by a coalition of the region's largest nationalist party and its largest unionist counterpart, which are currently Sinn Fein and the D.U.P. But that power-sharing agreement collapsed in January 2017, following allegations of unionist corruption and subsequent disagreements over same-sex marriage and the legal status of the Irish language.
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Putin and his cronies have stolen hundreds of billions of dollars from the Russian people and laundered their ill-gotten wealth through anonymous shell companies that they use to secretly invest in high-end properties located mainly in the U.S. and the U.K. Moreover, Russian oligarchs spend some of this fortune undermining democracies by enriching corruptible elites, donating to illiberal populists, fostering energy dependence, funding networks of pro-Kremlin media outlets and non-governmental organizations, and empowering fringe movements such as paramilitaries.
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