It consists of three parts: antennae, proboscis, and a pair of mouth appendages called palps.
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To find their hosts, female mosquitoes use a highly sensitive "nose" consisting of antennae, a proboscis, and a pair of mouth appendages called palps.
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These palps are laced with tiny hollow sensory hairs called sensilla that are filled with daunting array of odor sensors, allowing the female mosquito to distinguish among thousands of different aromatic compounds.
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These structures are homologous to the lacinia and galea of maxillae. The labial palps borne on the sides of labium are the counterparts of maxillary palps. Like the maxillary palps, the labial palps aid sensory function in eating. In many species the musculature of the labium is much more complex than that of the other jaws, because in most, the ligula, palps and prementum all can be moved independently.
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When injured, Portia bleeds and may sometimes loses one or more legs. Spiders' palps and legs break off easily when attacked, Portia′s palps and legs break off exceptionally easily, which may be a defence mechanism, and Portias are often seen with missing legs or palps, while other salticids in the same habitat are not seen with missing legs or palps.
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The tip of the stinger is curled at the peak towards the middle, and the palps are shorter than the stinger. The terminal palps are covered with substantial feathers.
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Palps are much smaller, thicker, and more ovular than females.
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The olfactory sensilla on the antenna and the double-walled sensilla on both palps probably serve as long-range odour sensors. The maxillary and labial palps show sexual dimorphism which suggests involvement in courtship. Females have more sensilla chaetica on both appendages than males whereas, males have more chemosensilla on the maxillary palps and taste sensilla on the labial palps. According to Schall and colleagues the site of sex pheromone production in the female Supella longipalpa is located on the fourth and fifth abdominal tergites.
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The palps are short and the maxillary palps (sensory organs used for tasting and manipulating food) have five segments. The labial palps (counterparts of the maxillary palps used in sensory function for eating) presumably have three segments. The frontal carinae (a pair of cuticular ridges or flanges on the head) are absent in Z. ferox. The antennae are well separated and contain 12 antennomeres, and the scalps are also short; the toruli (socket in which the antenna of an insect articulates) is not significantly raised.
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Proboscis of the fly (Gonia capitata): note also the protruding labial palps.
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Leucoma cryptadia is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Cyril Leslie Collenette in 1938. It is found in Sri Lanka. Body white with bright yellow-orange labial palps and forelegs. Palps protrude beyond the frons.
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In the field, informal identification is more often important, and the first question as a rule is whether the mosquito is anopheline or culicine. Given a specimen in good condition, one of the first things to notice is the length of the maxillary palps. Especially in the female, palps as long as the proboscis are characteristic of anopheline mosquitoes. Culicine females have short palps.
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The hexagonal pattern will only become visible when the carapace of the stage with square eyes is molted. The head also has an elongated, forward-projecting, stinger-like proboscis used for feeding, and two sensory palps. The maxillary palps of the males are longer than their proboscises, whereas the females’ maxillary palps are much shorter. In typical bloodsucking species, the female has an elongated proboscis.
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Mutated versions of the pb gene result in prothoracic (anterior to thorax) legs from labial palps and maxillary palps that display malformation or smaller size.Spirov, Alex. "Proboscipedia." Drosophila/Vertebrate Genes in Development: Drosophila Antp- like HOM-gen. N.p., n.d. Web.
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Mikrocytos mackini are abscesses or green pustules on palps and mantles of certain molluscs.
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The maxillary palps are visible in the fossil and show six segments present on each palp. In the other species of Gerontoformica the maxillary palps have only four segments where the palps are visible on specimens. The petiole has a round cylindrical shape rather than a node like shape seen in other species, and has the distinct longitudinal ribbing seen on the mesosoma. The details of the gaster are obscured by disarticulation and desiccation.
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They belong to the hemimetabolous insects. They possess mandibulated biting mouthparts, short cerci (usually 1 segment only), and short antennae with 9 segments. The abdomen is segmented in 11 sections. The maxillary palps have five segments, labial palps three, in both the most distal segment is enlarged.
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Usually the antennae of suborder Amblycera composes 4-5 segments. The maxillary palps may, however, be present and these may be visible in mounted specimens but may be confused with the antennae. Palps of amblycerans ranges in segments from two to five. The mandibles of this suborder bite horizontally.
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Lunule soft black. Antennae and palps black. Mésonotum brilliant black. Acrostichal bristles sparse and in 7-8 rows.
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The gills of these animals protrude to absorb oxygen from water, while their palps grasp any available floating food.
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The C. umbratica has four main ways of movement: skittering, drumming of palps, bobbing of the abdomen, and lunging.
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The species name is derived from Latin prolatus (meaning elongated) and refers to the elongated forewings and labial palps.
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The two basal segments are wider than they are long whereas the terminal segment is longer than it is wide. The mala is broadly rounded apically and the stylus, with pedunculate seta, is present. The single pair of labial palps are very close together at a distance 0.3 times the width of the basal segment and sit on the front of the head in the lateral middle, directly between the maxillary palps. The labial and maxillary palps sit between and entirely below the antennae.
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The mouth is bracketed by a pair of three segmented labial palps and a pair of two segmented maxillary palps. The bodies have a flattened appearance in side view with a smooth and shining appearance and minute reticulation on portions of the gaster. The sting is noted to be well developed and long.
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The labrum is covered in setae; the setae found here are longer, yet more narrow than the setae found on the clypeus. The palps are short. The maxillary palps have five segments, which measure . Side view of Z. tonsora The mesosoma is wide and covered in erect setae (on the dorsal surfaces).
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It is characterized as having a yellowish brown body, with tarsi, palps, and antennae pale, and a strongly shining head.
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The pb gene is responsible for the formation of the labial and maxillary palps. Some evidence shows pb interacts with Scr.
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Adults: Glossosomatid adults tend to be small to medium sized with long antennae, short fringed wings, and long palps. On their mesothorax, two round, hairy mesoscutellar warts, parallel to one another, can be found. Adults have 3 ocelli upon their head. Their maxillary palps are 5-segmented with the 2nd segment rounded, and as long as the 1st segment.
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It is distinguishable from the former by the lack of paired subdorsal white spots on the abdomen and from the latter by the pale grey frons and labial palps. The outer margin of forewing is more angulate. The frons and upperside of the labial palps are pale grey. The upperside of the thorax has a grey medial stripe.
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The latter bears a pair of terminal tentacles, dorsally two pairs of eyes, and ventrally a pair of short two-jointed palps.
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Antennomeres 1 and II red. Peristoma and palps black. Dorsocentral bristles : 1 +3 subequal; acrostics in four rows. Legs black, knees red.
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P. labiata is killed in 2.1% of pursuits and injured but not killed in 3.9%, P. schultzi is killed in 1.7% and injured but not killed in 5.3%, and P. fimbriata in Queensland is killed in 0.06% of its pursuits and injured but not killed in another 0.06%. A Portia′s especially tough skin often prevents injury, even when its body is caught in the other spider's fangs. When injured, Portia bleeds and may lose one or more legs. Spiders' palps and legs break off easily when attacked, 'the palps and legs of Portia species break off exceptionally easily, which may be a defence mechanism, and they are often seen with missing legs or palps, while other salticids in the same habitat are not seen with missing legs or palps.
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Females would hold the door down when the male probes. As the male enters the nest, he would tap and probe his palps.
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The species name is derived from Latin longus (meaning long) and palpus (meaning labial palp) and refers to the strongly elongate labial palps.
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Most male specimens collected have two tibial spurs (spines located on the distal end of the tibia); the first spur is a long calcar and the second spur is short and thick. Adults have a stridulatory organ on the ventral side of the abdomen – unlike all other hymenopterans in which such organs are located dorsally. In all castes, these ants have six maxillary palps (palps that serve as organs of touch and taste in feeding) and four labial palps (sensory structures on the labium), a highly primitive feature. The females have a 12-segmented antenna, whereas males have 13 segments.
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Larvae of Ermine moths at the bottom of their cocoon Ermine moths are small to medium-sized moths varying in wingspan from . The heads mostly have smooth scales, the haustellum is naked and the labial palps are curved upwards. The maxillary palps usually consist of one or two segments. The wings are long, often with fringes on the trailing edges of the hindwings.
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The species' body is minute, with a total length of and width of , including 27 chaetigers. Its prostomium is ovate, showing 4 eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement and 2 anterior eyespots. Its antennae are short and thin, spindle-shaped, its median antenna being shorter than the length of its prostomium and palps put together. Its palps are fused for their basal half.
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The outer palp has a long extensible proboscis, which collects incoming particulate matter. The particles are then sorted by both the inner and outer palps, which have ciliated grooves for collecting organic material. These food grooves sort the particles by both density and size. The inner pair of palps transfers smaller and lighter particles, such as phytoplankton, to the mouth, using ciliary currents.
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S. squamata (top centre), published in A monograph of the British marine annelids 1915. S. squamata lives in a mucous reinforced, vertical burrow in the sediment. It uses the long palps to feed on organic particles on the nearby seabed. The palps do not have a ciliated groove, so the particles are brought to the pharynx by a contraction of the whole palp.
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The barking spider gets its name from the low growling it produces by rubbing its palps together. This is done to scare off predators.
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The species of this genus are large (up to a max of 15 cm) and hairy scorpions with yellowish tones through their bodies although there is an exception in Hadrurus spadix, a species which has a dark almost black prosoma and mesosoma while the palps, legs and metasoma are yellow in color. Not the palps nor the metasoma are in any way reduced in size.
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Female Avicularia purpurea can reach a length of about , therefore it is among the smaller members of the genus Avicularia. In daylight this spider discloses a quite intense purple-blue iridescence on the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax and on legs, palps and chelicerae. The long setae covering the legs and palps are dark red-brown. The tarsal and metatarsal scopulae are very dark brown.
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The mouthparts are adapted to sucking and the mandibles are usually reduced in size or absent. The first maxillae are elongated into a tubular proboscis which is curled up at rest and expanded when needed to feed. The first and second maxillae bear palps which function as sensory organs. Some species have a reduced proboscis or maxillary palps and do not feed as adults.
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It contains the eyes and a pair of long, many- segmented antennae. The antennae are important for detecting host odors, as well as odors of breeding sites where females lay eggs. The head also has an elongated, forward-projecting proboscis used for feeding, and two maxillary palps. These palps also carry the receptors for carbon dioxide, a major attractant for the location of the mosquito's host.
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Head appressedly scaled, brown. Palps slender, a little longer than eye diameter. Antennae markings poorly defined ringed, pale brown and pale ochreous-brown; shortly ciliated. Thorax brown.
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The first few segments bearing setigers are also somewhat fused. They can have 0 to 3 antennae, and palps. These polychaetes are rarely the most abundant polychaete.
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The species' body is small, with a total length of up to and width of , including about 30-34 chaetigers. It possesses small papillae on its dorsum and palps. Its prostomium is oval, showing 4 large eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement, as well as 2 anterior eyespots. Its antennae are spindle-shaped with bulbous bases and short tips, its median antenna similar to the combined length of its prostomium and palps.
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The maxillary palps of the males are also longer than their proboscis, whereas the females' maxillary palps are much shorter. (This is typical for the males of the Culicinae.) In addition, the tarsus of the hind legs of the males is more silvery. Tarsomere IV is roughly 75% silver in the males whereas the females' is only about 60% silver. The other characteristics do not differentiate between sexes.
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The prostomium is part of the head and holds at least part of the brain and often bears sensory structures such as the eyes, antennae and palps. It may function like a kind of overlip when the animal is feeding. The prostomium bears many important taxonomic characters and its shape and composition are important for annelid systematics. In addition to the eyes, antennae and palps, the prostomium can possess appendages such as tentacles or cirri.
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The palps are the paired tactile and positioning limbs which are not inserted into the skin but splayed out on the surface. The chelicerae are the paired cutting jaws which cut a channel into skin for the hypostome. The hypostome is the single feeding tube which also anchors the tick by its reverse barbs. The basis capituli forms the basal ring of cuticle to which the palps, chelicerae and hypostome are attached.
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The palps are shorter than its prostomium, fused along their basal half, with a terminal notch. Its palps form a trilobed hood, possessing a few papillae. Its peristomium measures the same as its succeeding segments, and is bilobed, forming two anterior wings that cover the prostomium dorsally. Its tentacular cirri and antennae are alike, but smaller, the dorsal cirri being longer than the tentacular cirri and shorter than the antennae, being absent on chaetiger 2.
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The head is bulging and has a rough, scaly and hairy surface, but the well-developed proboscis is devoid of scales. The labial palps droop; their second segment is longer than the third and has a clump of stout bristles at the tip, facing outside. The maxillary palps are long and usually carried tucked in. The antenna are unbranched and about as long as the forewing; the scape bears a flimsy comb.
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Y. samlandicus specimens have maxillary palps which are six jointed, labial palps which are four jointed, and a total body length between . The antennae each possess twelve segments and a scape that curves at the base. The thorax is narrower in profile than the head capsule, reaching its widest in the broad flattened pronotum. The petiole is notably broad and short, having a high node that has a rounded point on the upper side.
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Eyes are large and reniformes. Palps are yellow. Antennae are short, red, with the third subconical segment a little thicker and black at the base. Arista shows a longer pubescence.
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Female is about 8-12 mm long and male is 3.5-4.5 mm. After Cephalothorax greyish brown with hairs. Sternum heart shaped with hairy pubescent white patch. Palps bear spines.
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The frons and upperside of the labial palps is dark brown. The upperside of the abdomen is unicolorous orange-brown, contrasting strongly with the dark brown and pale grey thorax.
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The chelicerae are brown and the legs and palps pale brown. The labium is pale orange, and the sternum orange. The opisthosoma is yellowish cream. The six spinnerets are yellowish cream.
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The species name refers to the peculiar form of the palps in at least the first described species, D. gasteinensis (and D. ramosus), derived from di "two", cranium "head", and palpus.
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As the male approaches the female's web platform, the front pair of legs are raised, which aims the modified metatarsus and tibia (claspers) at the female. The cephalothorax is also aimed upwards, revealing his fangs and palps. The front pair of legs are used to vibrate the web as the male moves forwards towards the female. The male then uses his claspers to clasp the female's two palps, which causes the female to enter a passive state.
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Similar species in the southern cloudywings range include the northern cloudywing and the confused cloudywing. The northern cloudywing has brown palps, the white ring around the eye is not continuous, and males have a fore wing costal fold. The confused cloudywing has grayish-white palps, lacks the white spot on the bend of the antennal club, and on the upper side of the fore wing the subapical spots are more loosely connected with the bottom spot quite offset.
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On each of the side edges of the labrum are a row of forward facing setae, while the front edge has many dense setae. The maxillary palps are composed of five segments and the labial palps are composed of three segments. The metapleural gland has a small slit like opening that has between three and four small setae on lower edge. The wings of the holotype are damaged and little is visible of the vein structure.
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The species' body is small, with a total length of and width of , including 26 chaetigers. It possesses numerous papillae on its dorsum and a few on its parapodia, and none on its prostomium and palps; the papillae are long, with trilobed tips and dark inclusions. Its prostomium is ovate, showing 4 large eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement. Its antennae are long, with bulbous bases and long tips, similar to the combined length of its prostomium and palps.
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The labial palps have four segments, while the maxillary palps have five, with the second segments from the maxilla curved rather than hammer shaped. The bodies of the workers and queens have a compact and very robust mesosoma that is moderately convex along the top surface. With the workers there are no suture lines distinguishing the mesopropodeal or promesonotal sutures. The petioles have a node that is scale or wedge shaped when viewed from the side.
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Initial first- instar nymphs are dark brown, with white or brownish white tips of the maxillary and labial palps. Adults measure 25–35 mm in length, and have a shiny, uniformly black to blackish-brown body, with brown tarsi and maxillary and labial palps. The adult male's wings extend slightly beyond the body's length, while the female's wings are around half the body's length. Unlike most cockroaches, the major hydrocarbon in P. japonica’s cuticular lipids is cis-9-nonacosene.
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Labial palps long, porrect and pale beige or pale olive brown. Thorax and abdomen olive brown and are stout and short. Legs pale beige or pale yellowish grey. Hindwings are dark greyish brown.
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Adult yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, typical of subfamily Culicinae. Note bushy antennae and longer palps of male on left vs. females at right. The compound eyes are distinctly separated from one another.
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The species' body is minute, with a total length of and width of , including about 19 to 22 chaetigers, covered with small papillae. Its prostomium is oval, showing 4 large eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement, as well as 2 anterior eyespots. Its antennae have bulbous bases and short tips, its median antenna about the same length as the prostomium and palps put together. The palps are similar in length to the prostomium, being fused along their length, and containing a distal notch.
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Tidarren is a genus of tangle-web spiders first described by Ralph Vary Chamberlin & Wilton Ivie in 1934. Males are much smaller than females, and they amputate one of their palps before maturation, entering their adult life with only one palp. Though it is uncertain why they do this, it may be done to increase mobility, as the palps are disproportionately large compared to the size of the body. It may also be done because only one palp is needed.
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Other members of the genus Leocratides — worms inhabiting Aphrocallistes sponges — include L. ehlersi and L. filamentosus. Leocratides kimuraorum can be distinguished by its the length of the antennae, which are as long as palps.
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Acompsia cinerella has a wingspan of 16–19 mm. These moths have long upwardly-curved labial palps. The forewings show a brownish colour, without any marking. This species is rather similar to Helcystogramma rufescens.
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Trichodectes canis survives by consuming flakes of skin and fluids produced by their canine hosts' skin. T. canis modified mouthparts including mandibles with no maxillary palps are used to scrape the hosts' skin to feed.
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The adult G. clavipes is between long. Males are winged but females are wingless. The maxillary palps have 4 to 5 joints. The body is black and parts of the head and pedicel are yellowish.
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The labium forms a sheath around a set of stylets that consist of an outer pair of mandibles and an inner pair of maxillae. In lapping flies, a proboscis is formed from mostly the labium specialized for lapping up liquids. The labial palps form a labella which have sclerotized bands for directing liquid to a hypopharangeal stylet, through which the fly can imbibe liquids. In Lepidopterans, the fluid-sucking proboscis is formed entirely from the galea of the maxillae although labial palps are also present.
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Two families, the Eunicidae and Phyllodocidae, have evolved jaws, which can be used for seizing prey, biting off pieces of vegetation, or grasping dead and decaying matter. On the other hand, some predatory polychaetes have neither jaws nor eversible pharynges. Selective deposit feeders generally live in tubes on the sea-floor and use palps to find food particles in the sediment and then wipe them into their mouths. Filter feeders use "crowns" of palps covered in cilia that wash food particles towards their mouths.
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The species' body is small, with a total length of and width of , including 31 chaetigers, covered with small and scattered papillae on its dorsum. Its prostomium is rectangular, showing 4 large eyes in a linear arrangement, as well as 2 anterior eyespots. Its median antenna about the same length as the prostomium and palps put together, while its lateral antennae are shorter. The palps are shorter in length to the prostomium, being fused along their length, and containing a distal notch with few small papillae.
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Tadaxa bijungens is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in Sri Lanka. Labial palps are longer, slender and upcurved. Antennae of male are fasciculate or ciliate.
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Body short, 41 to 50 segments, 16 pairs of elytra. Anterior margin of prostomium with pair of acute anterior peaks. Lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Antennae, palps, dorsal and ventral cirri papillated.
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Carnivorous molluscs usually have simpler digestive systems. As the head has largely disappeared in bivalves, the mouth has been equipped with labial palps (two on each side of the mouth) to collect the detritus from its mucus.
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The spider is brownish-black coloured, has 8 eyes, and is in size. The sexes are similar in size but the males have a small, but more slender abdomen compared to the female, with larger black palps.
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They have long saccoid gills enabling them to breathe underwater. The inner tooth of their labial palps is elongated. The specific characters of the larva are mid- ventral, distal width, basal width, and length of median lobe.
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Orenaia alpestralis has a wingspan of 16–20 mm. The labial palps are black, white banded and ventrally predominantly white. Head and body are black and mixed with white hairy scales. The abdomen shows white intersegment rings.
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Phoretic deutonymph: Gnathosomal solenidion and palp setae present and free palps absent. Coxal fields IV closed. Apodemes of ps1 partially fused anteriorly. Dorsal cuticular folds of ambulacra I-III weakly developed, with distal part smaller than proximal.
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Female (right) with egg sac, note the male at left (circled) Before a juvenile male leaves its mother's web, it builds a small sperm web on which it deposits its sperm from its gonads and then collects it back into each of its two palps (copulatory organs), because the gonads and palps are not internally connected. After it moults into its last instar, it sets off wandering to seek a female. The male spider does not eat during this period. How males find females is unclear, and it is possible they may balloon like juveniles.
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The worm uses both cilia and muscles to move the particles down a ciliary groove to its mouth. The worm is able to reject inedible material at the mouth and may be able to reject such material as it traverses the palps. The palps are able to regrow if they are damaged by movements of the hermit crab, and both the anterior and posterior parts of the worm are able to regenerate if it gets severed. In the laboratory, worms can live for four years, rather longer than most empty gastropod shells.
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Maevia inclemens is a relatively common and colorful jumping spider of North America. In the males there are two forms, a very rare phenomenon in zoology. These use different courting displays, and differ in appearance: the "tufted" morph has a black body and pedipalps ("palps"), three black tufts across its "head", and pale legs; and the "gray" morph has black and white stripes all over its body and legs, orange palps, and no tufts. However, each form accounts for 50% of the adult males, and they are equally successful in mating.
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The mouthparts of insects that feed on fluids are modified in various ways to form a tube through which liquid can be drawn into the mouth and usually another through which saliva passes. The muscles of the cibarium or pharynx are strongly developed to form a pump. In nonbiting flies, the mandibles are absent and other structures are reduced; the labial palps have become modified to form the labellum, and the maxillary palps are present, although sometimes short. In Brachycera, the labellum is especially prominent and used for sponging liquid or semiliquid food.
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Its prostomium is wider than long, with 4 coalescent lensed eyes arranged trapezoidally; anterior eyespots are absent. It counts with pyriform antennae with bulbous bases and elongated tips, its median antenna measuring 40 µm long, while lateral ones measure 33 µm, which is longer than its prostomium and palps together. Its median antenna is inserted between its anterior pair of eyes, the lateral ones attached on the anterior margin of its prostomium. The animal's palps are ventrally-directed, fused along their length and with a dorsal notch and few small papillae.
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In non-chewing insects, such as adult Lepidoptera, the maxillae may be drastically adapted to other functions. Unlike the mandibles, but like the labium, the maxillae bear lateral palps on their stipites. These palps serve as organs of touch and taste in feeding and in the inspection of potential foods and/or prey. In chewing insects, adductor and abductor muscles extend from inside the cranium to within the bases of the stipites and cardines much as happens with the mandibles in feeding, and also in using the maxillae as tools.
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Male Heliophanus cupreus can reach a body length of about in males, of in females. Nentwig W, Blick T, Gloor D, Hänggi A, Kropf C: Spiders of Europe.. These spiders have a dark, blackish body, with a metallic sheen. On the female the palps are yellow or light brown and contrast with her overall appearance. Furthermore the prosoma is usually crossed by a white line behind the eyes and the abdomen is circled with a white line, with white dots above.Regard d’Aragnee The male has dark palps with white squamose hairs on front.
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The clypeus is distinct in outline, being elongated with the middle swollen to form an almost triangular bump pointing forward and the rear section of the clypeus is retangular and flattened. Each of the mandibles are triangular and long with a dentate chewing edge that is long and curved showing a pointed apical tooth and at least smaller teeth. Below the crossed mandible tips are the six segmented maxillary palps and the four segmented labial palps. The antennae are elongated with 13 segments, the second funicular segment being distinctly elongate and curved.
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Y. constrictus worker Overall Y. constrictus can be distinguished from the congeneric Y. geinitzi in several ways. Y. geinitzi individuals are overall more gracile in form with a less constricted mesonotum and the mesosoma has a less convex appearance. Y. constrictus specimens have maxillary palps (sensory organs) which are six-jointed, labial palps which are four jointed, and an abundantly hairy body. The antennae have a scape (the first segment of the antenna) which just passes the back-edge of the head capsule on both female and ergatomorphic (male) workers.
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In males, the carapace is darker than in females. The legs and palps are a dark reddish brown. The chelicerae are also dark reddish brown and sometimes black. The abdomen is also coloured similarly to that of females.
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The wingspan is 45–48 mm. The forewing outer margin is distinctly sinuate before the tornus. The labial palps are longer than in any other Proserpinus species and somewhat projecting. The underside of the abdomen is brownish orange.
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Myostola occidentalis is basically dark brown, with pale rose- coloured hairs on the joints of the palps and legs. The female's body, including the mandibles, is around long; the male is smaller, at around and lighter in colour.
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Occiput has no yellow hairiness. Eyes are bare and the cheeks under the eyes are covered with fine yellow short hairs. Orbits are separated by a wide black space. Antennae and palps are black, but arista is yellow.
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The wingspan is 10–15 mm. The moth's head is white, as are the antennae which are ringed with pale brownish. It has a basal joint with rather short tuft. The labial palps and forewings are also white.
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The inner margin of the tegulae is edged with a very narrow pink line. The underside of the palps, thorax and abdomen are pale pink. The forewing upperside is olive-green. The discal spot is conspicuous, round and black.
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Spionidae is a family of marine worms within the Polychaeta. Spionids are selective deposit feeders that use their two grooved palps to locate prey. However, some spionids are capable of interface feeding, i.e. switching between deposit and suspension feeding.
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Acropyga are smaller than , with a compact, stocky body. They have antennae with 10 or 11 segments (including the scape), short palps and reduced eyes with four to 30 individual ommatidia. In some species, the eyes are completely absent.
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The oval abdomen is marked dorsally with two light triangular markings followed by four light curved lines. The main distinguishing feature between this species and the similar Euophrys nepalica is the presence of dense white hairs on the palps.
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Anal claw with a single row of comb shaped hooks. Abdominal gills either are present or absent. Adult: maxillary palps 2-, 3-, or 4-jointed. Antennae as long as fore wing or two times longer than fore wing length.
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It is a transparent colour, females possessing eggs larger than the males. Its body is elongated, tapering slightly at the end. Its prostomium counts with digitiform paired antennae inserted dorsally. Its palps are papilliform, inserted laterally on the prostomium.
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The labial palps are pale yellowish-buff below, dark purplish-brown above and reddish laterally. The legs are yellowish-buff. The forewing upperside has a large dark brown blotch posterior of the discal cell between the submarginal and median lines.
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Though not considered to have a dangerously toxic venom, its sting is still quite painful and unlike other big species of scorpions which defend themselves using their powerful palps to pinch the attacker. The species of Hadrurus prefer to sting.
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Chelicerae are protrusible, cutting or piercing structures essential to feeding. Palps are of sensory function during feeding and do not penetrate the host's skin. Acarines have no antennae and, except for some genera of ticks, are without eyes.Woolley, T.A. (1988).
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Tentax badasi is a moth of the family family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found in Brunei. The wingspan is about 9.5 mm. The head, labial palps, patagia, thorax, tegulae and forewings (including fringes) are beige.
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The palps have five joints. The propodus is longer than the tarsus, which is covered with numerous short spines and three longer ones near the heel. Later life stage morphology Morphological characteristics very similar to earlier life stages. Reddish or white.
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The antenna base bears a small brush of dense hairs and is flat, with a concave underside and may cover part of the compound eyes. The Blastobasidae have few or no bristles on the compound eyes, no ocelli, and probably lack chaetosemata too. The mouthparts are well- developed and moderately specialized, with 4-segmented folding maxillary palps, long labial palps and a long proboscis with a scaly base. The tibiae of the forelegs are enlarged at the end, those of the middle legs two spurs, and those of the hindlegs 4 spurs and many long thin hairs.
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Overall Y. geinitzi can be distinguished from the related Baltic amber species Y. constricta in several ways. Y. geinitzi individuals are overall more gracile in form with a less constricted mesonotum and the mesosoma has a less convex appearance. Y. geinitzi specimens have maxillary palps which are six-jointed, labial palps which are four jointed, and the clypeal border is sinuately indented in the middle. The pupae which Wheeler referred to the species are noted to not have any cocoon unlike the modern larvae of some ant subfamilies which will spin a cocoon to pupate in.
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Hypaedalea insignis is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is found from Sierra Leone to Gabon. The labial palps and underside of the body are orange. The forewing upperside basal area has distinct brownish-black interrupted lines and two triangular spots.
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Cotesia nuellorum is a species of wasp in the genus Cotesia first described by Whitfield in 2018. It is found in the US state of Texas. The body of the female is mostly dark except for the palps. Antennae scape is black.
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The palpi are porrect (extending forward) and slightly scaled, where the third joint is downcurved. Maxillary palpi dilated with scales and nearly as long as the labial palps. Frons produced to a rounded projection nearly as long as the palpi. Antennae ciliated (hairy).
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Harpella forficella has a wingspan of 19–29 mm.Schmetterlinge-westerwald These moths have a brown-yellow wing pattern, which is only slightly variable. They have conspicuously long, upturned palps. The caterpillars are light gray and have gray spots and dark hairy warts.
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The right and left palps will interact with the right and left sides of the epigynum. After the palp and epigynum are engaged, the male will expand his hematodocha, causing his embolus to go into the female copulatory duct. Semen is then exchanged.
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Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the second pair of appendages of chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") and anterior to the first pair of walking legs.
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Males can be differentiated from females in having large palps and feathery antennae. The larva has a short and stout head. The mouth brushes have long yellow filaments used for filtering organic materials. The abdomen consists of eight segments, the siphon, and the saddle.
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The body is short, with 39 segments bearing 16 pairs of elytra. The anterior margin of the prostomium has a pair of acute anterior peaks. The lateral antennae are inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Palps, antennae, dorsal and ventral cirri bear papillae.
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World Polychaeta database. The body of the worm consists of a head, a cylindrical, segmented body and a tailpiece. The head consists of a prostomium (part for the mouth opening) and a peristomium (part around the mouth) and carries paired appendages (palps, antennae and cirri).
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Black boring worms grow to up to 1 cm in total length. They are small black worms which infest encrusting algae and have protruding gills and palps. They look like black stars studding the algae.Branch, G.M., Branch, M.L, Griffiths, C.L. and Beckley, L.E. 2010.
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The prostomium has two short frontal antennae, two globular palps and five main antennae. The mandibles are large and the maxillae have several pairs of plates edged with fine teeth. Some tentacular cirri are present. The anterior parapodium points forward and has tapered ventral cirri.
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Underside of the wings The upperside of the wings is yellow orange with dark spots, lines, and zigzagged bands. The forewing is squared off just below the apex. A dark border on the hindwing margin is lacking on most individuals. It has long palps.
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Flame scallops rest in their own "nests", which are made of small coral pieces and rocks. Flame scallops are herbivorous, eating only phytoplankton. During the consumption process, flame scallops sift and sort through the phytoplankton with their palps to determine what is appropriate for ingestion.
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Flax fulturai is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. The wingspan is about 10 mm. The labial palps, head, patagia, basal part of tegulae and thorax are black brown.
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Tentax bruneii is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found in Brunei. The wingspan is about 9.5 mm. The head, labial palps, patagia, prothorax, and forewings (including fringes) are beige, with a brown terminal area.
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Like other spiders, the male of this species uses his pedipalps to insert sperm into the female's seminal receptacles. The terminal joint of the palps become detached and remains in the female during seventy-five to eighty percent of matings, especially when the female is aggressive. It is surmised that the severed copulatory organs may function as plugs to prevent leakage of sperm and that abandoning them may be a sensible option for the male as otherwise his damaged palps might leak haemolymph. Although their loss effectively makes the male sterile, he usually stays with the female and fends off rival males, and this behaviour protects his reproductive investment.
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Lapping is a mode of feeding in which liquid or semiliquid food adhering to a protrusible organ, or "tongue", is transferred from substrate to mouth. In the honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apis mellifera), the elongated and fused labial glossae form a hairy tongue, which is surrounded by the maxillary galeae and the labial palps to form a tubular proboscis containing a food canal. In feeding, the tongue is dipped into the nectar or honey, which adheres to the hairs, and then is retracted so the adhering liquid is carried into the space between the galeae and labial palps. This back-and-forth glossal movement occurs repeatedly.
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1 Chelicerae, 2 Palps, 3 Salivary glands, 4 Gut, 5 Excretory (Malpighian) tubules, 6 Anus, 7 Ovary or testes, 8 Air-breathing tubes (tracheae), 9 Central ganglion, 10 Legs, 11 Hypostome The parasitic mites are either just visible to the naked eye or one needs a microscope to see them clearly. The distinct body segmentation characteristic of most arthropods is greatly reduced in the Acari. At the left of the diagram is an anterior section bearing the mouthparts (gnathosoma or capitulum), and at right, a posterior section comprising the main body (idiosoma). Mouthparts are characterized by a central pair of chelicerae, a ventral hypostome, and a lateral pair of palps.
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In females, the carapace is usually coloured yellow or orange black with some shading near the eyes. The legs and palps are also typically orange brown, but are darker than the carapace. The chelicerae are reddish brown (sometimes black). The sternum is a pale reddish brown.
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Based on Saccocirrus sonomacus from the Pacific Coast of the Americas, the prostomium supports a pair of grooved palps that have a primarily sensory purpose. A pair of eyes are also present. The peristomium is probably reduced to a circumoral ring. The pygidium is usually bilobed.
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Males usually wait for 2 to 15 minutes before starting a display, but sometimes a female starts a display first. A female P. labiata that sees a male may approach slowly or wait. The male then walks with erect and displaying by waving his legs and palps.
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The compound eyes are large and rounded. A proboscis and ocelli are absent, and the labial palps are small. The body and wings are whitish to cream, with the front wing upper side usually exhibiting a diffuse wing pattern, whereas the underside has a dark brown colour.
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The wingspan is 23–28 mm.It is the largest species of the genus. The palps are usually pure white. The ground colour of the forewings is greenish white to off-white with distinct black double lines shades and wavy black lines and spots in the basal area.
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Adult moths are small (4–6 mm long with a 6–10 mm wingspan), very narrow and silvery brown in colour. They lack ocelli and maxillary palps. The wings are discal, sharply pointed and "fringed" or tattered looking. They are on the wing from May to July.
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Female An. claviger is distinguished from other related species from its brownish colour and dark palps. It is also generally larger than others. The proboscis is dark-brown while the antennae are brown. The scales on the wings are dark, evenly distributed without any dark spot.
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It has a spindle-shaped front body, changing to a more cylindrical form at the back end. The prostomium has four eyes and two long palps. The peristomium has four short, finger-shaped and four longer, threadlike gills. All gills are often retracted into the body.
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These species are considered as either synonyms or members of the species complex. Female An. sinensis has a dark-coloured body, with its palps are shorter than proboscis. The integument of the neck region is yellow. The legs are dark-brown on outer surface, but pale on the inside.
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The worker ranges in length from . It is larger than Odontomachus troglodytes, with a petiolar node that is higher and more compressed. The labial palps have four segments. The colouring varies across its large range, with most forms being some shade of brown, with brown femurs and yellowish legs.
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The hypostome is inserted and this provides the initial attachment strength. In the case of Ixodes holocyclus the hypostome is inserted very deep into the dermis. The palps remain spread apart on the surface. The process by which Ixodid and Argasid ticks feed is termed telmophagy (= pool feeding).
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Body hair is significant but few hairs are found on the head. Mandibles contain a large apical tooth. The maxillary and labial palps (organs which aid sensory function in eating) have three sensilla (a sensory organ protruding from the cuticle). Unlike other Dolichoderines, the larvae are yellow, not white.
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The hindwings are dark in their rear half in the male as in the female. In mature adults the underside of the apex of the abdomen is reddish or orange. The apex of the maxillary palps is almost white. In males the tip of the abdomen is red.
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The adults of Actina chalybea ca reach a length of long.Menno Reemer, 2014 Field Key to the Soldierflies of the Netherlands (Diptera: Stratiomyidae & Xylomyidae) These flies have a metallic green thorax. The head is quite large and rounded, with small black antennae pointing forward. Palps are clearly visible.
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Flax kuchingi is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found on Borneo (it was described from Sarawak). The wingspan is about 11 mm. The labial palps, head, patagia, tegulae and thorax are grey brown, suffused with dark-brown scales.
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Tentax tentaxia is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found on Borneo (it was described from Sarawak, near Kuching). The wingspan is about 11 mm. The head, labial palps, patagia, thorax, tegulae and forewings (including fringes) are reddish brown.
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Tentax malleus is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found in Indonesia (it was described from northern Sumatra). The wingspan is 10-11.5 mm. The head, labial palps, patagia, thorax, tegulae and forewing (including fringes) are beige and reddish brown.
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It has a pale red or transparent colour, with red branchial structures on its dorsal and ventral sides. It has an elongated body, tapering at its posterior end. Its prostomium has digitiform paired antennae inserted dorsally. Its palps are papilliform and with palpophores, inserted laterally on its prostomium.
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T. sensilis is a smallish smooth-bodied and notably long-legged moth, mid-sized by grass moth standards with a wingspan of 39 mm in the only known specimen. It is mostly a medium yellowish-brown in color, and in the details closely resembles Herpetogramma fimbrialis, and somewhat less so such species as Palpita cupripennalis"Glyphodes cypripennalis" in Clarke (1986) is a lapsus and Glyphodes argyritis. The head is slightly scaly, with a well-developed proboscis and squamiform labial palps, which are white on the underside; the small maxillary palps are simple knobs which project forward. Its greyish antennae have brownish spots at the base and - at least in the male - are long (almost 2 cm each) and hairy.
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Each morph accounts for 50% of the adult males, and they make the same number of attempts to court females, but using a different courting display. Before looking for a mate, a male spider spins a small, flat web on a surface and ejaculates into it. He then loads the semen into syringe-like receptacles in both palps, and then searches for a female. After sighting a female, the tufted morph pushes himself as high as possible with the last three pair of legs, and claps with the foremost pair, while at the same time waving the palps up and down, and swinging the abdomen from side to side, usually about from the female.
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The palps are paired and innervated structures that tend to be located ventrally and laterally. They are often associated with the mouth and may have a feeding or sensory function. Tentacular cirri can be any sort of elongated, forward (anterior) facing cirri and can occasionally be found on the prostomium.
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The palps are shorter than its prostomium, fused along their length. Its peristomium forms a trilobed hood, covering the prostomium. It carries two densely ciliated nuchal organs. Its tentacular cirri and antennae are alike, but smaller, the dorsal cirri being longer than the tentacular cirri, being absent on chaetiger 2.
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The palps of the mouthparts are long, thin and thread like. The wings are slightly yellow tinged, show a brownish yellow veining and are yellow brown at the base. Calyptrae are whitish yellow. The legs are predominantly yellowish, but in the male they are usually dark with a yellow tip.
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Flax solomoni is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found on the Solomon Islands (it was described from north-western Guadalcanal). The wingspan is about 10 mm. The labial palps, head, patagia, basal part of tegulae and thorax are black brown.
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Flax honeyi is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found on the Solomon Islands (it was described from Santa Isabel Island). The wingspan is about 9 mm. The labial palps, head, patagia, basal part of tegulae and thorax are brownish black.
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Myxicola infundibulum is a species of polychaete worm from the family Sabellidae. The body consists of a head, a cylindrical, segmented body and a tail piece. The head consists of a Prostomium (part of the mouth) and a peristomium (area around the mouth) and carries paired appendages (palps, antennae and cirri).
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Tentax musculus is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found in Brunei. The wingspan is about 10.5 mm. The head, labial palps, patagia, thorax, tegulae and forewings (including the quadrangular patch, basal costal patch and fringes) are beige and light reddish brown.
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Tentaspina venus is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found on the Philippines (it was described from Quezon). The wingspan is about 12 mm. The head, labial palps, basal half of the thorax, patagia and basal half of the tegulae are brown.
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Adults have 2-jointed maxillary palps, a basal joint with strong median setae, and a distal joint about 2,5 times longer than basal joint. Antennae are about as long as the fore wing. Adults have large, oval cephalic warts with an irregular median margin. Small postantennal warts are also present.
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Its body shape is elongated, with a uniform width for the majority of its length. It is transparent in colour, white eggs being visible in females. It lacks eyes; it possesses long, cirriform paired antennae, with palps being inserted lateroventrally on the prostomium. Its mandibles are rod-like, and lack serration.
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These moths are usually small (with wingspans around 1–2 cm/less than 1 inch) and brownish in color. They have large compound eyes, thread-like antennae, and prominent labial palps. The body is slender, and the legs bear large spines.. The amount of wing modification varies in this family. Some genera (e.g.
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Arenicolidae figs 5-9 The arenicolids are characterised by an elongated cylindrical body separated into two or three distinct regions. The prostomium has no appendages or palps. There are one or two anterior segments without setae. On the other segments, all the setae are unbranched, including the capillary setae and the rostrate uncini.
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Scolecids have parapodia with rami that are all alike. The prostomium is distinct. The head has no appendages or palps and is usually conical, though in the Scalibregmatidae, it has a "T"-shaped tip, and in Paraonidae, there is a single, central antenna. In some families there are sometimes some tiny eyespots.
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Selenocosmia stirlingi is a species of spider with the common name barking spider. The barking spider is a desert species with special adaptations to survive harsh weather conditions. It is a hairy tarantula and, like all spiders, they have two body segments, eight legs and two palps for sensing and feeling their prey.
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Almost all spiders reproduce sexually. They are unusual in that they do not transfer sperm directly, for example via a penis. Instead the males transfer it to specialized structures (palpal bulbs) on the pedipalps and then meander about to search for a mate. These palps are then introduced into the female's epigyne.
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Spiders typically have eight walking legs (insects have six). They do not have antennae; the pair of appendages in front of the legs are the pedipalps (or just palps). Spiders' legs are made up of seven segments. Starting from the body end, these are the coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus and tarsus.
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It is a smallish moth with rather short antennae. Unlike many other Spilomelinae, the wings lack translucent areas. Characteristically, a bunch of hairs sticks out from under the labial palps. Of the remarkable genitals, the clasper's harpe is very wide and stubby, with a sclerotized (hardened) curved process emerging from the center.
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Some material is rejected because it is too large or too dense: this is often pieces of sediment or detritus, but also includes some overly large edible particles. The outer palps send this rejected material into the mantle cavity as a mucus-bound mass. These mucus-bound masses are the pseudofeces.Pseudofeces (2008).
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Meyrick described the male of the species as follows: The female of the species is flightless. Although this species resembles other endemic species in its genus, it can be distinguished by labial palps. It can be distinguished from O. cyclopicus as it is larger in size and its female is short winged.
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The animal counts with 25 chaetigers over a length of with palps but without anal cirri. Its width at its sixth chaetiger is 250µm without parapodia. It has a small and thin body, widest at its proventricle. It shows irregular dorsal papillation on its anterior chaetigers, while its ventrum does not show papillation.
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The mandibles are well developed and strongly sclerotized. Palps of maxilla and labium lack. The surface of the body is subdivided into distinct segments, each bearing a transverse row of 8−10 backward pointing spines.Rohwer, S.A. & Cushman, R.A. 1917: Idiogastra, a new suborder of Hymenoptera with notes on the immature stages of Oryssus.
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Like Autosticha, this moth has the second and third forewing vein emerging from a common stalk; unlike in that genus, the labial palps of S. testaceus males are beset with feathery hairs, while the labial palps of the females are inconspicuous and do not taper like those of both sexes of Autosticha.Clarke (1986) This moth is common and widespread in the warmer parts of the Pacific region. It was originally described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1881 from specimens collected at Honolulu, Hawaii. The species has since been recorded from Java, the New Hebrides, Fiji, Samoa, the Cook Islands, the Marquesas across the Society and Tuamotu Islands to the Austral Islands, as well as from the Galápagos Islands (though it might not breed there).
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The mouthparts are of the sucking type with the labrum (proboscis) very short and with a fleshy apex, and one- or two- segmented maxillary palps. The thorax is moderately convex, with mesoscutal bristles in the Proratinae. The legs are short and lack arolia and empodia. The wings overlap on the abdomen, in the resting phase.
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The basis capitulum supports the rest of the feeding structures. Palps have a sensory role and are composed of three sections. The hypostome is used for blood extraction and is a hollow, tube-like structure. The ventral side of the idiosoma bears sclerites, and the gonopore is located between the fourth pair of legs.
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Cochylis molliculana has a wingspan of 11–15 mm. Labial palps, head, chest and tegulae of these moths are golden-brown. Forewings show a cream white background color, with some patches of different color, ranging from reddish brown to gray and ocher. In the middle of the forewings there is a blackish transversal band.
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Although placed in subfamily Pelleninae, tribus Pellenini at a time, Prószyński, 2008 abstains from formal subfamilial placement of the genus. The Havaika epigynes resemble those of the genera Bianor, Modunda and Habronattus, but differ from them by the structure of spermathecae and other internal structures. Male palps of Havaika seem to be more specialized.
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Specimen On average, the southern cloudywing is usually slightly smaller than the northern cloudywing (Thorybes pylades) and about the same size as the confused cloudywing. The palps are whitish with a white ring around the eye. A white spot is seen on the bend of the antennal club.Jim P. Brock and Kenn Kaufman (2003).
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Paired maxillae cut food and manipulate it during mastication. Maxillae can have hairs and "teeth" along their inner margins. At the outer margin, the galea is a cupped or scoop-like structure, which sits over the outer edge of the labium. They also have palps, which are used to sense the characteristics of potential foods.
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Colour perception is good, especially in some species in the blue/violet range. The antennae are composed of many segments and have clubbed tips (unlike moths that have tapering or feathery antennae). The sensory receptors are concentrated in the tips and can detect odours. Taste receptors are located on the palps and on the feet.
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Flax palaui is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found in Micronesia (it was described from Babelthuap Island in Palau). The wingspan is about 10 mm. The labial palps, head, patagia, tegulae, thorax and the ground colour of the forewings (including fringes) are dark brown.
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The Insects: An Outline of Entomology. 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing The galea is a broad, scoop-like, lobe structure, which assists the maxillary palps in sampling items before ingestion. The maxillary palp is serially homologous to the walking leg while the cardo and stipes are regarded by most to be serially homologous to the first leg segment, the coxa.
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Spartaeus is a genus of Asian jumping spiders that was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1891. These spiders build large sheet webs on tree trunks to capture prey, mostly moths. When walking, they wave their palps and legs in an unusual way. The genus was renamed from Boethus in 1984 because the name was found to be preoccupied.
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The palps of the male have a dorsally directed patellar apophysis, which is nearly as long as male's palpal tibia. The epigyne has a reddish-brown median part, and is broadly rounded anteriorly. The body colour is dark brown, with a whitish pattern on the dorsum. The legs are black, with bright hairs and strikingly robust spines.
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The Annulipalpia, also known as the "fixed-retreat makers", are a suborder of Trichoptera, the caddisflies.Glenn B. Wiggins, Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera), 2nd. ed. (Toronto: University Press, 1996), p. 117 The name of the suborder refers to the flexible terminal segment of the adult maxillary palps, which often has many tiny rings.
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Lixinae is a subfamily of true weevils, included in the Molytinae in many older treatments. They are mainly root feeders, although some develop in flower buds or stems. Several species are used in biological control of invasive weeds, namely knapweeds (Centaurea). Characteristics include tarsal claws that are fused at the base, and labial palps are short and telescoping.
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Side view Nowickia ferox can reach a length of .Commanster These flies have a black hairy thorax and a yellow-red abdomen, with a black longitudinal marking in the middle and numerous long straight bristles at the end. Wings are hyaline (glass like), yellowish at the base.Nature Spot Basal half of the palps are brown or blackish.
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Sea spiders possess a tubular proboscis forward from the body trunk, at the end of which is the opening to the mouth. In those species that lack chelifores and palps, the proboscis is well developed and more mobile and flexible. In such cases, it can be equipped with sensory bristles and strong rasping ridges around the mouth.
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Pardosa nigriceps is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. This European spider is common on heaths and open spaces where there is low vegetation and bushes. The males have characteristically black palps due to a thick covering of hair. Males are 4-5mm in size the females are bigger at 5-7mm with a larger abdomen.
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The species' body is small, with a total length of and width of , including 24 chaetigers. It possesses short papillae on its dorsum. Its prostomium is ovate, covered dorsally in part by the peristomium, showing 4 large eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement. Its antennae are longer than the prostomium, shorter than the combined length of its prostomium and palps.
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Both sexes of L. verrucosa have short wings but dwell on the ground and are reluctant to fly. It is mainly nocturnal and hides during the day. It is ovoviviparous, the female giving birth to about twenty dark- coloured nymphs long. Courtship usually starts with the male stimulating the female, first with his antennae then with his palps.
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Situated beneath the mandibles, paired maxillae manipulate food during mastication. Maxillae can have hairs and "teeth" along their inner margins. At the outer margin, the galea is a cupped or scoop-like structure, which sits over the outer edge of the labium. They also have palps, which are used to sense the characteristics of potential foods.
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E. clavigera is a slender worm growing to a length of about . The prostomium (head) has a rounded triangular shape and is rather wider than it is long. It has a pair of palps and three antennae, the central one being located in front of the large eyes. The eversible proboscis is scattered with small conical papillae.
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There are uropods attached to the abdomen which is long and is folded under the thorax. The limbs are covered in tufts of setae which are most noticeable when the animal is underwater. This porcelain crab is mainly reddish-brown or blueish-grey but the palps, some of the mouthparts and the knuckles of the cheliped dactyls are blue.
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Flax newbritaini is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found in Papua New Guinea (it was described from New Britain within the Bismarck Islands). The wingspan is about 11 mm. The labial palps, head, patagia, basal part of tegulae and thorax are beige, suffused with a few light-brown scales.
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Flax micronesia is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found in Micronesia (it was described from Babelthuap Island in Palau). The wingspan is about 10 mm. The labial palps, head, patagia, tegulae, thorax and the ground colour of the forewings (including fringes) are beige, with a brown medial area.
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This segmented worm is long and slender. For example, a worm with 110 segments was in length and in width, exclusive of appendages. The prostomium (head) has a single tentacle ventrally. Behind the head are two long palps which can be extended forward, or coiled loosely, and which may be half the length of the body.
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Portia fimbriata photographed during movement When not hunting for prey or a mate, Portia species adopt a special posture, called the "cryptic rest posture", pulling their legs in close to the body and their palps back beside the chelicerae ("jaws"), which obscures the outlines of these appendages. When walking, most Portia species have a slow, "choppy" gait that preserves their concealment: pausing often and at irregular intervals; waving their legs continuously and their palps jerkily up and down; moving each appendage out of time with the others; and continuously varying the speed and timing. When disturbed, some Portia species are known to leap upwards about often from the cryptic rest pose, and often over a wide trajectory. Usually the spider then either freezes or runs about and then freezes.
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Typically, the labium is expanded distally into a pair of fleshy labella. In the early twentieth century it was argued that the labella are the modified labial palps, and that point of view still is seen as having merit.Crampton, G. C.; The sclerites of the head and the mouthparts of certain immature and adult insects. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 14, pp. 65-103.
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O. triseriatus has a dark scaled proboscis that is unbanded, dark palps, dark and narrow wing scales, and dark unbanded legs. The vertex has white scales.One of the most notable characteristics of this species is the scutum that has a median brown stripe of scales with silver white scales on the lateral sides. Both postspiracular and prespiracular setae are present.
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One of the larger cockroaches, Drymaplaneta semivitta is about 20-45mm long and 12-15mm wide. It is coloured a glossy dark brown, with distinctive white stripes along each side of its head. D. semivitta, unlike many cockroaches, has no vestigial wings. In males, the third and fourth maxillary palps are enlarged, and the hind tibiae are flattened and expanded.
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The underside of the body is yellowish grey and lighter than the upperside. The labial palps are grey, but lighter at the base. The abdomen underside has no distinct spots. The ground colour of the forewing upperside is brownish grey with a few indistinct dark spots and a dark band running from the middle of the costa to the tornus.
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Acantholycosa mordkovitchi is a species of wolf spider only known from the Terektinsky Mountain Range in the Russian part of the Altai Mountains. This is a grey-brown spider up to 9.5 mm in length. The female is darker than the male. The male palps are distinctively marked, the yellowish femur and tibia contrasting with the almost black terminal cymbium.
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In these the lines are extinguished or the butterfly is completely black The females have no wings. They are eight to ten millimeters long. The abdomen is brownish grey, the abdominal hair tuft is about two millimeters wide and thus narrower than the abdomen, which represents a differentiator against Alsophila aceraria. The palps are very short, the sensors are slightly toothed.
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Adults of Cactoblastis cactorum are nondescript brownish-gray moths with long legs and long antennae. The moth can be identified only by a microscopic examination of dissected male genitalia. They generally appear as typical Pyralidae, with the pronounced labial palps of the female, thus the name "snout moths". The forewings show a characteristic banding pattern similar to other related moths.
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The giant house spider has the same coloration as the domestic house spider, Tegenaria domestica; it has earthy tones of brown and muddy red or yellow. They also have conspicuously hairy legs, palps and abdomen. The female body size can reach in length, with males having a slightly smaller body at around in length. The female leg span is typically around .
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The prostomium of Nereididae bears a pair of palps that are differentiated into two units, the proximal unit is much larger than the distal unit. Parapodia are mostly biramous (only the first two pairs are uniramous). Peristomium fused with the first body segment, with usually two pairs of tentacular cirri. The first body segment with 1-2 pairs tentacular cirri without aciculae.
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No rejection behavior occurs at this time. 3\. The male approaches further and mounts the female. 4\. The male will touch his maxillary palps to that of the female while producing a buzzing sound. 5\. If the female does not rebuff his advances, the male with move to the back and probe the abdomen of the female with his aedeagus. 6\.
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Unusually for damselflies, it is a relatively large insect with its wings outspread at rest. It is often confused with dragonflies, although like most damselflies, the form is not as robust as dragonflies, and the eyes do not meet as with most dragonflies. Larvae are wide and flat, with long saccoid gills to breathe underwater. The inner tooth of labial palps is elongated.
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P. maculata is an elongated slender worm, tapering slightly towards the posterior. The prostomium (head) bears a pair of antennae, a pair of eyes, two small palps and a large eversible proboscis. The first few body segments bear four pairs of long, tentacular cirri. Other body segments bear parapodia with flattened cirri, the dorsal ones being heart-shaped and conspicuous.
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Alitta succinea in motion The clam worm can reach up to in length, but most specimens are smaller than this. It is brown colored at the rear, and reddish-brown on the rest of its body. It has an identifiable head with four eyes, two sensory feelers or palps, and many tentacles. The head consists of two segments: the anterior and posterior prostomium.
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The palps are fused along their length, eliciting a dorsal furrow. Its dorsal cirri are short on its anterior segments, while a bit longer on its midbody and posterior segments; cirri are absent on chaetiger 2. Its parapodial glands are small, present from chaetigers 4-5. It shows anterior parapodia with 3-4 compound chaetae, with short and unidentate blades.
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The palps are similar in length than its prostomium, fused along their length, ventrally folded. Its peristomium measures the same as its succeeding segments, covering the posterior half of the prostomium. Its tentacular cirri are shorter than its antennae, the dorsal cirri being the same length as the tentacular cirri, with slender tips. Its parapodial lobes are conical, with 2 subdistal papillae.
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The species' body is small, with a total length of and width of , including 26 chaetigers. It possesses few small papillae, somewhat longer on chaetiger 2. Its prostomium is rectangular and wide, showing 4 small eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement. Its antennae are long, longer than the combined length of its prostomium and palps; they have bulbous bases and slender filiform tips.
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Here they are sorted by a pair of labial palps (mouth appendages), before being ingested. Rejected particles are formed into mucous- wrapped blobs. These are ejected from the mantle cavity at intervals along with the faeces by a rapid clapping of the valves. When the gonads are ripening, a raised level of microalgae in the diet has been found to increase gonadal development.
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Palpata includes the majority of genera and species of polychaete worms and is subdivided into the orders Aciculata and Canalipalpata.Rouse, G. W., and K. Fauchald. 1997. Cladistics and polychaetes. Zool. Scr. 26:139-204. The prostomium is characterised by a pair of sensory palps which gives the subclass its name and which are lacking in the other main taxon of polychaetes, the Scolecida.
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The Libytheinae are a nymphalid subfamily known as snout butterflies, containing two valid genera and about ten species: six in Libythea and four in Libytheana. The common name refers to the thick labial palps (pedipalps) that look like a "snout" in this subfamily. In older literature, this group was recognized as the family Libytheidae. They are medium-sized and typically a drab brown.
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When not hunting for prey or a mate, Portia species, including P. schultzi, adopt a special posture, called the "cryptic rest posture", pulling their legs in close to the body and their palps back beside the chelicerae ("jaws"), which obscures the outlines of these appendages. When walking, most Portia species have a slow, "choppy" gait that preserves their concealment: pausing often and at irregular intervals, waving their legs continuously and their palps jerkily up and down, moving each appendage out of time with the others, and continuously varying the speed and timing. P. schultzi uses what Forster and Murphy (1986) call a "lolloping" gait, flexing and stretching the legs. They suggest that the long legs are advantageous for moving through webs, and that lolloping enables P. schultzi to use the long legs while keeping the body near the surface.
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Pterostoma palpina has a wingspan of 35 to 52 mm. Beyond the black scaled tooth-like forewing projection the inner margin is notched. Long labial palps and tufts on the tail segment, give an elongated appearance. The antennae of the female are pectinated, but the teeth are shorter than those of the male; and the blackish streak on the wings are usually less defined.
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Prakash and colleagues explain that the brown-banded cockroach has five segmented maxillary palps and the most distal fifth segment has the largest segment with the most variety of sensilla.Prakash, Mendki, Raol, Singh and Singh 1995, p. 15 With the variety of shapes and sizes of the maxillary it is expected that they would have a variety of functions.Prakash, Mendki, Raol, Singh and Singh 1995, p.
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A female P. schultzi that sees a male may approach slowly or wait. The male then walks erect and displaying by waving his legs and palps. If the female does not run away, she gives a propulsive display first. If the male stands his ground and she does not run away or repeat the propulsive display, he approaches and, if she is mature, they copulate.
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The head is generally light brown, darker behind the eyes, with narrow curved pale golden scales mesially, and flat pale scales laterally. The antennae are reddish brown at the base and dark distally. The palps and proboscis have black scales. The thorax is a bright light reddish brown, with bare submedian stripes on the scutum and scattered fine black narrow curved scales and bristles on either side.
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The mouthparts are quite diagnostic, usually with prominent, upcurved "labial palps", the third segment long (especially in females), and the second segment covered in large scales. Unlike Copromorphidae, the "M2" and sometimes "M1" vein on the hindwings is absent. The relationship of Carposinidae relative to Copromorphidae needs further investigation. It is considered possible that the family is artificial, being nested within Copromorphidae (Dugdale et al.
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Some Galeodes species are able to produce sounds by stridulation. These are usually raspy or hiss-like and may be imitations of the sounds of vipers, to serve a defensive function. As in other solifuges, mating involves the male depositing a spermatogonia that is manipulated into the female genital opening using their chelicera. The male strokes the female using the palps allowing her to be approached.
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A. pacifica is a large worm growing up to fifteen centimetres in length with an elongated, segmented body which is tapered at both ends. The head has no appendages, palps or eyes but has a prostomium and evertable oesophagus. The body is divided into three regions which are sometimes differently coloured. The segments are wider than they are long and most have setae borne on parapodia.
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The mandibular molar and palp may be absent or only present in vestigial forms. On the maxilla, the inner plates are setose and well-developed while the palp is often reduced and consists of only a single segment. The maxillipeds are large, often with an inner cutting edge and slender weakly dactylate palps. The eyes are kidney-shaped when present, but is more often completely absent.
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This suggests that they are used, unlike the adult of this species, to pierce harder-shelled insect prey. The maxillary palps are three segmented and almost half as narrow as the antennae. The terminal segment is slightly narrower than the base, and the mid segment is slightly larger than the terminal segment and slightly narrower than the basal segment. The palpifer is distinct and incomplete.
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This worm grows to a length of about for a 250 segment worm, and is a greenish- brown colour. The prostomium has an incision that is bent down at the front, but no eyes are present in adult worms. The fifth body segment is larger than its neighbours and the seventh has a pair of white, glandular spots ventrally. There are palps on the first eight segments.
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Hydrophilidae, also known colloquially as water scavenger beetles, is a family of chiefly aquatic beetles. Aquatic hydrophilids are notable for their long maxillary palps, which are longer than their antennae. Several of the former subfamilies of Hydrophilidae have recently been removed and elevated to family rank; Epimetopidae, Georissidae (= Georyssinae), Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, and Spercheidae (= Sphaeridiinae). Some of these formerly-included groups are primarily terrestrial or semi-aquatic.
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In addition, H. fimbrialis has upturned (not squamiform) labial palps and stalked (not anastomosing) hindwing veins 7 and 8. The male genitalia of T. sensilis are symmetrical and overall only lightly sclerotized (hardened) except for the stout aedeagus, which has a heavily sclerotized rod on the underside. Gnathos and socius are absent. The uncus is slender, curved, dilated, and covered in bristles at the tip.
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Ixodes holocyclus Adult female tick - early attachment on human skin. The palps are clearly seen to be splayed out on the surface of the skin. Ixodes holocyclus Adult female tick - early attachment on human skin behind ear at hair line. Note swollen lymph node on neck below the tick Ixodes holocyclus Adult female tick - four to five day attachment on human skin behind ear.
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The species' body is small, with a total length of and width of , including about 30 chaetigers. It possesses short papillae on its dorsum, parapodia and cirri. Its prostomium is ovate, showing 4 eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement, as well as 2 anterior eyespots. Its antennae have bulbous bases and short tips, its median antenna shorter than the combined length of its prostomium and palps.
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In 2019, L. kimuraorum was discovered to produce a uniquely loud clicking sound during conspecific 'mouth-fights'. Media sources named it a "mouth fighting worm" or "tiny fighting worm". L. kimuraorum is distinguished by remarkably long antennae as long as palps, by the presence of pharyngeal terminal papillae in common with L. filamentosus, and by the absence of a papillose peristomial membrane in common with L. ehlersi.
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The antennule is the shorter pair compared to the longer antenna and is shorter than all the pleopod lamellae. The antennule is slender and weak and extends to the seventh article on the other larger pair. E. californica has maxillipeds composed of two articles while the mandible has palps made up by three articles. The thorax is that of a typical Elthusa genus organism.
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Unusual for Pyralidae, adult Galleriinae may lack ocelli and even the proboscis (which is usually well developed in the family); as typical for the family, however, they usually have large labial palps which form a "snout".Jia et al. (2001), Solis (2007), Zhou et al. (2008) Ecologically, the subfamily is noted for a number of species that coevolved with Hymenoptera, namely Apoidea (bees and relatives).
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There are numerous fine hairs (setae) covering the whole body that act as mechanoreceptors (touch and wind sensors), and these are most dense on the antennae, the palps (part of the mouth), and on the cerci at the tip of the abdomen.Chapman, 2013. pp. 745–755 There are special receptors (campaniform sensillae) embedded in the cuticle of the legs that sense pressure and cuticle distortion.Chapman, 2013. p.
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The prostomium has two lobes and bears several pairs of antennae, a pair of palps and two pairs of eyes. The dorsal surface of the body, which has uniform width, is completely concealed by two rows of overlapping scales, resembling fish scales. These scales are modified cirri and are supported on short stalks. They are covered in tubercles of varying sizes, and have a fringe of papillae.
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At night the spider comes out to repair and add to the web, often just adding new silk over the old. Males, when ready to mate, go in search of females. The male plucks the web of the female to attract her attention. Once the male has made sure that the female will be receptive, he will approach and inseminate her with his palps.
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Phyllodocida are segmented worms and range in size from a few millimetres long to over a metre. Each segment bears a pair of paddle-like parapodia. The prostomium generally has one or two pairs of eyes, a dorsal pair of antennae, a ventral pair of sensory palps and a pair of organs on the neck. The peristomium is a ring, often hidden dorsally by the prostomium and the first segment.
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Because it does not move outside its tube, this worm does not have any specialized appendages for movement or swimming. The worms' most distinct features are two "crowns" shaped like Christmas trees. These are highly modified prostomial palps, which are specialized mouth appendages. Each spiral is composed of feather-like tentacles called radioles, which are heavily ciliated and cause any prey trapped in them to be transported to the worm's mouth.
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These spiders are mostly black with some white pubescence on the sides of the cephalothorax. The longish abdomen has a dark median stripe in the middle of a wide light median band. The legs are reddish-brown with black rings and very short, with the first pair much more robust than the others. The palps of females are yellowish white and the female P. decorus is about long.
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The labial palps finally funnel the food into the mouth, where digestion begins. Marine mussels are usually found clumping together on wave-washed rocks, each attached to the rock by its byssus. The clumping habit helps hold the mussels firm against the force of the waves. At low tide mussels in the middle of a clump will undergo less water loss because of water capture by the other mussels.
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Mecoptera are small to medium-sized insects with long beaklike rostra, membranous wings and slender, elongated bodies. They have relatively simple mouthparts, with a long labium, long mandibles and fleshy palps, which resemble those of the more primitive true flies. Like many other insects, they possess compound eyes on the sides of their heads, and three ocelli on the top. The antennae are filiform (thread- shaped) and contain multiple segments.
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Worms in the family Chaetopteridae have soft bodies and occupy permanent chitinous or parchment-like tubes that they create. P. prolifica is a colonial species which forms dense collections of tubes, many of which are branched. Clusters of these tubes may be high. At the anterior end of the worm is the prostomium which bears a pair of eyes and a pair of long palps but no antennae.
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314 The second pair of legs grow to 50mm. Similar in appearance to L. rotundum, the abdomen is broader at the rear and the dark marking broader at the rear than the front with a sharper cutoff than L. rotundum, and the palps are pale. This harvestman is widespread throughout Britain and Europe, though less common than L. rotundum.Savory, Theodore (1945) The Spiders & Allied Orders of the British Isles, Warne, p.
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M. eupselias is a smallish moth with fairly short antennae. It resembles Aulacodes in having labial palps which do not project straightly and have a very much reduced third segment. In the hindwings, the third and fourth veins do not originate at the same point, and the sixth vein approaches the common stalk from which veins 7 and 8 originate. The genitals can be used to reliably identify this species.
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In Solifugae, the palps are quite leg-like, so that these animals appear to have ten legs. The larvae of mites and Ricinulei have only six legs; a fourth pair usually appears when they moult into nymphs. However, mites are variable: as well as eight, there are adult mites with six or even four legs. Arachnids are further distinguished from insects by the fact they do not have antennae or wings.
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They normally grows to a legspan of . Most live in burrows, though E. murinus spends an adolescent stage living in trees. Like many other New World tarantulas, these spiders will brush urticating hairs from their bodies as a defense against potential predation. However, these spiders are unique because instead of the abdomen, these hairs are located on the pedipalps, and are removed by rubbing the palps against the chelicerae.
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The basis capituli moves in the dorsoventral plane, and articulates with the body proper. Once it has chosen a feeding site a tick positions itself with its legs so as to elevate its body at a sharp angle. Guided by the palps, the chelicerae cut into the skin with their horizontal cutting action. These rip and tear at the epidermal layers and a small pool of blood is formed.
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Most often times than not, when two males interact with one another, it usually involves a fight of some sort. These interactions usually behin when the spiders about 10-15 cm away from the other. They each separately raise their bodies, have their legs hunched, and they bend their abdomens facing one another. The C. umbertica start slowly coming towards one another and their palps begin to vibrate.
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This species is very similar in appearance to the three species within the Hemiandrus maculifrons-complex. Adult females have a medium-long length, strongly curved ovipositor with dark patches at its base. The head and body of adults are small and dark brown with a cream and brown clypeus; sometimes with small pale patches on the pronotum. The three apical segments of the maxillary palps have fine microsetae.
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These moths typically have forewing veins 2 and 3 separate but veins 6-8 originating from a common stalk. Somewhat less characteristically, their labial palps have a pointed tip and a furrow on the second segment.Clarke (1986) Ochrodia and Opacopsis were initially established as subgenera of Ephysteris but elevated to full genus status later. However, this is not universally accepted and both are included in the present genus here.
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The species' body is small, with a total length of and width of , including 26 chaetigers. It possesses small papillae that cover its dorsum, extending to its palps and parapodia, being quite numerous on its midbody. Its prostomium is rectangular and is mostly covered by the peristomium, showing 4 eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement. Its antennae are similar in length to the prostomium; they have bulbous bases and moderate tips.
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The male is distinguished from other species by an inconspicuous basal tegular projection on the palps and a tibial apophysis (i.e. a projection) with two similarly sized branches, and the retrolateral one is large and has an apical spine. The female is identified by the spermathecae; these have inconspicuous constriction on the apex, also the shape of the apex is irregular. Urticating hairs are present in both genders.
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C. insidia is a small moth, with a wingspan of about 12 mm (c.0.5 in) and an overall reddish coloration; males and females look alike externally. The head and thorax are light brownish purple, except for the facial area which is a buff color. The labial palps are the same color on the outside and on the underside of the third segment; otherwise, they are light buff.
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On either side of these are two maxillary palps. When the insect lands on an animal, it grips the surface with its clawed feet, the labium is retracted, the head is thrust downwards and the stylets slice into the flesh. Some of these have sawing edges and muscles can move them from side-to-side to enlarge the wound. Saliva containing anticoagulant is injected into the wound to prevent clotting.
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The two organs insects primarily use for detecting odors are the antennae and specialized mouth parts called the maxillary palps. However, a recent study has demonstrated the olfactory role of ovipositor in fig wasps. Inside of these olfactory organs there are neurons called olfactory receptor neurons which, as the name implies, house receptors for scent molecules in their cell membrane. The majority of olfactory receptor neurons typically reside in the antenna.
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This is believed to be part of a courtship display by the male. In India this common spider is found on the outer walls of buildings and on tree trunks. It moves actively about in search of small insect prey, often vibrating its hairy palps as it walks.Spiders of India In The Gambia, spiders of this species have been observed loitering near and observing the entrances to nests of stingless bees.
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The two organs insects primarily use for detecting odors are the antennae and specialized mouth parts called the maxillary palps. However, a recent study has demonstrated the olfactory role of ovipositor in fig wasps. Inside of these olfactory organs there are neurons called olfactory receptor neurons which, as the name implies, house receptors for scent molecules in their cell membrane. The majority of olfactory receptor neurons typically reside in the antenna.
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It is one of the smallest members of the subfamily Sparianthinae known to date, with a body length of 4.2–4.4 mm in the male. The male's prosoma (cephalothorax) is orange with pale brown margins. There are thin dark brown lines along the lateral margins of the cephalic region. The chelicerae, legs and palps are orange, the labium and sternum are pale yellow and the opisthosoma (abdomen) is creamy.
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P. dumerilii senses chemicals with four types of organs: The antennae, the palps, the nuchal organs, and the tentacular cirri. The cirri are thin tendrils or filaments, while the nuchal organ is a singular ciliated pit. Appendages of the worm's head and trunk provide a multisensory complex, which detects food and chemical cues such as alcohols, esters, amino acids, and sugars; as well as performing tactile function. Parts of the brain resemble the insect brain.
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The antennae perform generalized chemosensation, while the palps are specialized for taste or detection of food-related chemical cues. The cirri are specialized in tactile sensation, but can also provide spatial information about chemical cues. Based on a single stimulus, the left and right cirrus can have a separate response time. The cirri are also photosensitive and involved in the "shadow reflex", a defensive withdrawal behaviour triggered by a decrease in illumination.
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Iberina montana is a small spider with a body length of 1.4–2 mm. The palps on the male have 3 black bristles on the outer side of femur which break off easily, although the base is always still visible. The vulva has a small, median spermatheca with the distance between the primary spermathecae smaller than their width. The prosoma is yellowish, suffused with black, while the opisthosoma is dark with vague chevrons.
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The Aganainae are a small subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. The adults and caterpillars of this subfamily are typically large and brightly colored, like the related tiger moths. Many of the caterpillars feed on poisonous host plants and acquire toxic cardenolides that make them unpleasant to predators. Like the closely related litter moths, the adults have long, upturned labial palps, and the caterpillars have fully or mostly developed prolegs on the abdomen.
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Amaurobius erberi is a species of spider in the family Amaurobiidae, found in Europe and the Canary Islands. A. erberi is very similar to A. similis and A. fenestralis in general appearance. The epigyne is separated from that of A. fenestralis by the outlines of the spermathecaa which extend well ahead of the anterior margin. The male palps are similar to that of A. similus but, from above, the thin apophysis is longer.
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Hediste diversicolor can grow up to in length and may have from ninety to one hundred and twenty segments when mature. The head has a pair of palps, two pairs of antennae, four pairs of tentacles and four eyes. Each body segment has a pair of bristly appendages known as perapods which are used for walking and swimming. There is a prominent blood vessel running along the dorsal surface of the animal.
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The wavy edge of the mantle recalls, by its appearance, species such as Chromodoris purpurea. The head has two deeply grooved palps and the foot is crossed transversely at its anterior edge and slightly protrudes from its posterior part, its end being pigmented white. The rhinophores have white apices and translucent bases, with 18–20 orange lamellae in the larger specimens. The rhinophore sheath is slightly raised and somewhat pigmented orange with a whitish edge.
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It differs from Gnathothlibus vanuatuensis in smaller size and more unicolorous appearance. The head and thorax are dorsally medium brown, the abdomen is slightly lighter brown and there is a small dark median spot on the prothorax. The thorax has a ventral whitish patch immediately posterior to labial palps, the remainder is light creamy-brown. The underside of the abdomen is light pinkish-brown, with three or four lateral tiny black spots surrounded by white.
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The species' body is small, with a total length of and width of , including 24 chaetigers. Its prostomium is ovate, wider than its length, showing 4 eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement. Its antennae are somewhat spindle-shaped, small and rugose, its median antenna (inserted between its posterior eyes) having a similar length to the combined length or its prostomium and palps. Its lateral antenna is shorter and is inserted in front of its anterior eyes.
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The peristomium (area surrounding the mouth) has a pair of short tentacles. Below this, the segmented body is divided into three regions which differ in the arrangement of the parapodia (lateral lobes). On the first segment of the anterior region of the body is a pair of tentacular cirri and a pair of palps. The middle region consists of four to twelve segments and the posterior region consists of many short segments.
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The body of this segmented worm is long, slender and tapering, with a smooth cuticle. The prostomium bears a pair of antennae, a pair of palps and two pairs of eyes. The first body segment is twice as long as the rest and bears the pharynx and four pairs of tentacular cirri. Segments two and three have uniramous parapodia (unbranched lateral lobes bearing bristles) while the remaining segments bear biramous (two-lobed) parapodia.
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Tidarren argo is a spider from Yemen. The species is remarkable by its male amputating one of its palps before maturation and entering his adult life with one palp only. It adopts exceptional copulatory behaviour: when the male achieves genitalia coupling with his palp, the latter is torn off by the female. The separated gonopod remains attached to the female's epigynum for approximately 4 hours and continues to function independently, serving as a mating plug.
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The ventral surface is also spotted with dark pigment, but less distinctly so. Like other members of its family, P. mucosa has a reversible pharynx which can be turned inside out and which is used to catch prey or engulf food fragments. It has no jaws. The head has a pair of antennae at the front, a central antenna known as a "nuchal papilla" a pair of eyes and a pair of palps underneath.
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Species in the genus Oedemera include slender, soft-bodied beetles of medium size, between 5 and 20 mm of length. Their colours may be bright and metallic (green, golden, copper), black and yellow and brown and black. The jaws are bifid at the apex, the last segment of maxillary palps is narrow and elongated, the antennae are long and threadlike. The elytra of most species are narrowed behind exposing part of the hind wings.
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Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles. The maxillae and labium have palps that help termites sense food and handling.
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S. squamata is a slender, bluish-green worm with a maximum length of about and over two hundred segments when fully grown. The prostomium (head) is diamond-shaped and has four eyes, arranged in a trapezoid fashion, two long slender palps, and no central antenna. Each segment has a pair of parapodia with chaeta (bristles). The dorsal lobes of the parapodia are long and thin and are fused to the gills for half their length.
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This small worm grows to a length of about . The two palps are widely separated and the eversible pharynx bears a large tooth near the rim but behind the pharyngeal opening. On the dorsal surface, long and short cirri alternate. The antennae and cirri have dark spots, but the general body colour is variable, being some shade of brown, grey or pink, sometimes with orange or pink speckling near the anterior end.
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Members of this family live in tubes made of sand and shell fragments cemented together and attached to rocks. Some species are colonial and the multitude of their tubes may create hummocks and even reefs. The top of the tube can be closed by an operculum formed by several rings of bristles on the head of the worm. The head also bears several fine feeding tentacles and a pair of small palps.
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This worm inhabits the interior of a sponge and except for the tips of its branches, is not visible to the naked eye. It is cylindrical, about 1mm in diameter and up to in length. The head is buried deep in the sponge and is difficult to locate during a dissection of the sponge. It has three antennae, two pairs of eyes, a pair of palps and two pairs of tentacular cirri.
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Nucinellidae is a family of bivalves, in the order Solemyida. Its species are small and principally reside in deep-water environments. The species' average length is less than , the largest species being Nucinella boucheti (La Perna, 2005) at a length of . The family's characteristic features include large gills and reduced palps and their appendages; oval shells with few hinge teeth; they possess a single adductor muscle and one divided foot exhibiting papillae.
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Giganteopalpus is a monotypic moth genus in the family Sphingidae first described by Adolph Huwe in 1895. Its only species, Giganteopalpus mirabilis, described by Walter Rothschild in 1895, is known from Sundaland. It is very similar to Eurypteryx species, but differs in the enlarged labial palps, the second segment of which is broader than long, and the costal margin of the hindwing having a prominent antemedian lobe. The larvae possibly feed on Araceae species.
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Members of this family have oval or dumbbell-shaped bodies with a small number of segments, the prostomium often being separated from the rest of the body by a narrower segment. The peristomium is reduced to lips. The first segment of the prostomium, bears the mouth but no antennae, palps or nuchal organ. The first three segments bear rows of chaetae (bristles) and the next seven segments bear lateral bundles of tiny chaetae.
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Anatomy of a pycnogonid: A: head; B: thorax; C: abdomen 1: proboscis; 2: chelifores; 3: palps; 4: s; 5: egg sacs; 6a–6d: four pairs of legs Sea spiders have long legs in contrast to a small body size. The number of walking legs is usually eight (four pairs), but species with five and six pairs exist. Pycnogonids do not require a traditional respiratory system. Instead, gasses are absorbed by the legs and trasferred through the body by diffusion.
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The gelatinous substance of the disk is translucent milky-blue in color, while the gastro- vascular space, gonads, radial and circular muscles of the subumbrella and the entodermal cores of the tentacles are purplish-pink. The outer parts of the veil-like folds of the palps are amber-brown, while the parts adjacent to the mouth are pink. The concretions of the 8 sense-organs are reddish-brown. The planulae are yellow, but the ephyra is pink.
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Dolomedes minor is pale brown with some being grayish, like the rocks around which they live, helping to camouflage them against predators. (Arnqvist, 1992) The spider has large pedipalps, which are usually used for sensory purposes. The palps in the male Dolomedes minor are modified for putting sperm into the female's epigyne, which is located on the underside of the female's abdomen. The female Dolomedes minor can easily be identified based on this location of the epigyne.
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Both Euprenolepis and Pseudolasius have reduced labial and maxillary palp numbers from the more typical six maxillary and four labial palps observed in other Prenolepis genus-group genera. For Prenolepis the separation of males from Nylanderia is unclear, largely because for the vast majority of Prenolepis species the males are unknown. Separation of the widespread North American Prenolepis imparis from Nylanderia is based on the extremely short scapes (not much longer than the head) that lack macrosetae.
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Most sea spiders in the class Pycnogonida have appendages on the anterior end of the body called chelifores which are used for gathering food and palps which bear sensory organs. Members of the family Pycnogonidae have neither of these, instead using their proboscis to suck juices from their prey. On the first segment of the trunk of male family members there are ovigerous legs on which the larvae are carried. The females do not have these appendages.
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Because in the adult holotype specimen well-preserved mouthparts (palps) are visible, the adult animals almost certainly were able to feed. In direct contrast, the adult form of modern mayflies has dramatically reduced, non-functional mouthparts, and lives solely to reproduce. The raptorial forelegs and oblique thorax indicate that Mickoleitia was a predator. The large and broad hinds suggest that they were ecologically similar to dragonflies, in that they were swift, flying predators of other flying insects.
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The Spicipalpia are a suborder of Trichoptera, the caddisflies. The four families included in this suborder all have the character of pointed maxillary palps in the adults. The larvae of the different families have varying lifestyles, from free-living to case-making, but all construct cases in their final larval instar for pupation or at an earlier instar as a precocial pupation behavior. Although recognized under some phylogenies, molecular analysis has shown this group is likely not monophyletic.
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The species' body is small, its holotype possesses natatory chaetae, with a total length of and width of , including about 27 chaetigers. Its prostomium is ovate, showing 4 thick eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement, as well as 2 eyespots. Its antennae are spindle-shaped, its median antenna longer than its lateral antennae. The palps are similar in length to the prostomium or somewhat shorter, dorsally fused by a membrane, and containing a small distal notch, sometimes folded.
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The head is pale homogenously sclerotised and sparsely setiferous. The clypeolabrum is rounded and sits as a semicircle protruding down from between the large, prominent eyes; frontal part flat or weakly concave. Antenna is very short, extending to about one fourth of the distance between eye and the widest lateral margin of the pronotum; loose three-segmented club is distinctly visible; club does not have any spinules or setae. Maxillary palps well visible, last segment enlarged.
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Dipolydora commensalis is a burrowing worm that invariably bores into a gastropod mollusc shell that is being used by a hermit crab. The burrow usually starts at the columella at the side of the shell's aperture and a thin calcareous tube is secreted extending internally to the apex of the shell. The worm lives in this tube with its anterior end projecting. A pair of palps on the prostomium (first segment) catch food particles floating past.
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Members of the Phyllodocidae are characterised by an eversible pharynx and leaf-like dorsal cirri. The head has a pair of antennae at the front, a pair of ventral palps and a single median antenna known as a "nuchal papilla". There is a pair of nuchal organs and there may or may not be a pair of eyes. The first two or three body segments may be part-fused and bear up to four pairs of tentacular cirri.
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This organ, when seen from above, resembles two bowed appendages on either side of the genital region. This organ serves two purposes – in helping to glue the eggs to hosts’ fur, and to grasp fur in order to remain on the host. As a member of the genus Trichodectes, T. canis usually have antennae with three segments and a single claw at each tarsus. The mouthparts of the T. canis include a pair of mandibles lacking the maxillary palps.
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Most can be divided into the suborders Integripalpia and Annulipalpia on the basis of the adult mouthparts. The characteristics of adults depend on the palps, wing venation and genitalia of both sexes. The latter two characters have undergone such extensive differentiation among the different superfamilies that the differences between the suborders is not clear-cut. The larvae of Annulipalpians are campodeiform (free-living, well sclerotized, long legged predators with dorso-ventrally flattened bodies and protruding mouthparts).
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Chinattus taiwanensis is a species of jumping spider (family Salticidae) found exclusively in Taiwan. This spider has a body length (excluding legs) of 3.9 mm. The carapace is dark brown, black towards the margins; the legs and the roughly cylindrical abdomen are greyish-black, the latter marked dorsally with four depressions and five pale curved bands and laterally with numerous diagonal black lines. It can be distinguished from the similar Chinattus validus by the shape of the palps.
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The process of courtship consists of identical “courtship units”, each of which end in sound and are repeated without cessation. A sequence of such units is termed a “courtship song”. A song usually consists of three subunits. The male begins by orienting himself close to his target female, and continues with a set of rhythmic movements of various body parts, including swiveling of the head, trembling of the palps, and other movement of the antennae and hind legs.
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Excitators are not fully formed. In males there is a narrow transverse excavation at the apex of the elytra, and a strongly developed membrane of the tarsal claws in both sexes. Females have very flebly serrated antennae and shorter and darker than in males. They are characterized by the absence of apical markings on the elytra, by the partially flavous or testaceous color of the front of the head, of the palps and of the anterior and intermediate tarsi.
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Alabonia staintoniella has a wingspan of . This little diurnal moth shows yellowish-brown hindwings, with silvery markings, two triangular white spots on the costal and on the inner edge and a blackish fringe. It presents very long labial palps This species is very similar to Alabonia geoffrella, but it can be distinguished by the lack of dark lines in the terminal part of the wings. The adults fly from July to August depending on the location.
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A single silvery-white line of tight scales begins between the eyes and continues down the dorsal side of the thorax. This characteristic marking is the easiest and surest way to identify the Asian tiger mosquito. The proboscis is dark colored, the upper surface of the end segment of the palps is covered in silvery scales, and the labium does not feature a light line on its underside. The compound eyes are distinctly separated from one another.
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Members of this order have an elongated, segmented body and a distinct head, normally with a separate peristomium and prostomium. Many, but not all, live in tubes which vary from a mucous sheath to a tough, horny casing. The palps vary from globular to cylindrical and there are from 0 to 7 antennae, usually smooth but occasionally jointed. There is a muscular pharynx with a dorsal pair of mandibles and a set of ventral, toothed, maxillary plates.
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The clypeus and mandibles have coatings of setae and the maxillary plus labial palps all have covering of very dense short setae. The mesosoma is elongated and has a narrow profile, with the pronotum elongated into a distinct neck. The spirical on the metanotum is raised from the surface of the metanotum on a turret like protrusion. The petiole has an overall node like appearance formed from a flat underside plus rounded dorsal surface having elongated setae.
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Another way beetles find mates is seen in the fireflies (Lampyridae) which are bioluminescent, with abdominal light-producing organs. The males and females engage in a complex dialogue before mating; each species has a unique combination of flight patterns, duration, composition, and intensity of the light produced. Before mating, males and females may stridulate, or vibrate the objects they are on. In the Meloidae, the male climbs onto the dorsum of the female and strokes his antennae on her head, palps, and antennae.
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The olfactory receptor neurons in the antenna and maxillary palps project into the olfactory lobes of the insect brain, which in turn project the higher order processing centers, the lateral horn or the mushroom bodies. The lateral horn has vague boundaries in the brain but is bordered by the ends of the branching of projecting neurons in the lateral protocerebrum. There are at least 10 morphological classes of lateral horn neurons. This system is highly conserved throughout the insect world.
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Adult females are approximately 2 mm unfed and can grow up to 7 mm when engorged with a blood meal. They possess a diamond shaped non-ornate dorsal plate (otherwise known as a shield) with rounded edges. Palps are long, with a half- diamond shape (straight outer edge and a rounded inner edge). Adult males grow to around 2 mm, and cannot become engorged with blood as their inflexible back plate extends to cover the entire dorsal side of the tick.
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The palps are shorter in length to the prostomium, being dorsally fused by a membrane and containing a distal notch. It carries two ciliated nuchal organs between its prostomium and peristomium, the latter being similar in length to the adjacent segments. Its tentacular cirri and antennae are alike in length, the dorsal pair relatively the same in length to the lateral antennae. The species' dorsal cirri are rugose, present on all chaetigers except 2, with those of chaetiger 1 being slightly longer.
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The head normally includes two to four pair of eyes, although some species are blind. These are typically fairly simple structures, capable of distinguishing only light and dark, although some species have large eyes with lenses that may be capable of more sophisticated vision. The head also includes a pair of antennae, tentacle-like palps, and a pair of pits lined with cilia, known as "nuchal organs". These latter appear to be chemoreceptors, and help the worm to seek out food.
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Female flies on high fat diets lived longer than males on the same food, and the reverse happened with low fat diets. Diet does not appear to affect C. stygia egg production, though warmer temperature will delay egg laying. C. stygia are capable of detecting the odors that occur immediately after death. Their chemosensory sensilla, which have their olfactory neurons are primarily located at the tips of their antennae, as well as on their maxillary palps, aid in their hunt for food sources.
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In 1986, NYNEX created Public Access Line Ports to serve New York's five boroughs. These PALP's allowed businesses to provide a "virtual" central phone service that wasn't encumbered by equipment or line rental. This system had high limits to the number of calls it could receive at any one time and was perfect for delivering audio information services and billing back the relevant call charges to the subscriber. Nynex created a variety of PALPs, and one iteration was called a 540 line.
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Hoherius meinertzhageni Toxonotus cornutus Fungus weevil Anthribidae is a family of beetles also known as fungus weevils. The antennae are not elbowed, may occasionally be longer than the body and thread-like, and can be the longest of any members of Curculionoidea. As in the Nemonychidae, the labrum appears as a separate segment to the clypeus, and the maxillary palps are long and projecting. Most anthribids feed upon fungi or decaying plant matter, and the larvae feed within dead wood.
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Some tube-worms use ocelli widely spread over their bodies to detect the shadows of fish, so that they can quickly withdraw into their tubes. Some burrowing and tube-dwelling polychaetes have statocysts (tilt and balance sensors) that tell them which way is down. A few polychaete genera have on the undersides of their heads palps that are used both in feeding and as "feelers", and some of these also have antennae that are structurally similar but probably are used mainly as "feelers".
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One of the smaller specimens that Theischinger collected was a larva of average length. The body measured about 19 mm, its prementum was of a fair width and its ligula and median lobe still were in the process of development. The specimen's labial palps were still relatively small, but also had six large palpal setae, and its postocular lobe was rather bilobed. The larvae's pronotal lobe was well developed and included short setae, while its abdomen had obtuse laterodorsal on five segments.
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The palps are blunt, longer than its prostomium, fused along their length, possessing a dorsal furrow and few papillae. Its peristomium measures the same as its succeeding segments. Its tentacular cirri are long, however shorter than the antennae; the dorsal cirri are similar to its cogenerates', with bulbous bases and thin tips, being shorter than the tentacular cirri, with slender tips. Its anterior parapodia have 5-6 compound chaetae each, with unidentate blades provided with short spines exhibiting dorsoventral gradation.
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Barbed hypostome (center) of Ixodes holocyclus flanked by paired palps. The hypostome (also called the maxilla, radula, or labium) is a calcified harpoon- like structure near the mouth area of certain parasitic arthropods including ticks, that allows them to anchor themselves firmly in place on a host mammal while sucking blood. This mechanism is normally so strong that removal of a lodged tick requires two actions: One to remove the tick, and one to remove the remaining head section of the tick.
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There are a pair of small palps beside the radioles and a large funnel-shaped mouth. There are about eight thoracic segments and the first has a flange-like collar which secures the worm to the mouth of its tube. The thoracic segments bear two rows of setae or bristles, the notochaetae on the dorsal side are grouped in tufts, while the neurochaetae on the ventral side form a row of small hooks. The abdomen is long and has many segments.
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This worm is yellowish with white scales and about long with 41 segments and 16 pairs of elytra. The prostomium bears 3 antennae, with a pair of lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and the median antenna). The anterior margin of the prostomium has a pair of an acute anterior projections, a pair of palps and two pairs of eyes. The first segment bears one or two chaetae and a pair of tentacular cirri on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces.
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The body has 42 segments which are concealed by sixteen pairs of elytra in two rows. The length of this worm is about and the width . The prostomium has two lobes with a pair of acute anterior projections, a median antenna and a pair of lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna), a pair of smooth palps and two pairs of eyes. The body is red to brown above and white beneath, and the scales are pink to violet.
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The labium is immediately posterior to the first maxillae and is formed from the fusion of the second maxillae, although in lower orders including the Archaeognatha (bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) the two maxillae are not completely fused. It consists of a basal submentum, which connects with the prementum through a narrow sclerite, the mentum. The labium forms the lower portion of the buccal cavity in insects. The prementum has a pair of labial palps laterally, and two broad soft lobes called the paraglossae medially.
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Members of the genus Pycnogonum have squarish bodies with a tough integument and a few hairs. The cephalon (the anterior end of the body which is fused with the first segment of the trunk) has a long smooth proboscis and a low tubercle on which the eyes are set. There are no chelicerae or palps and these sea spiders use their proboscis to suck juices from their prey. On the first segment of the trunk of males there are small ovigerous legs with nine segments.
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It coordinates behaviors innate (instinctual) behaviors with certain odors. The antennal lobe has two types of neurons that synapse with the olfactory receptor neurons in the antennae and maxillary palps, the local interneurons and projection neurons. The projection neurons can excite or inhibit action potentials in the mushroom body or lateral horn to which they project. They project to the mushroom body is a random fashion but are very stereotyped in their projections to the lateral horn, making it easier to study in some ways.
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The head is covered with a smooth layer of scales; the antennae are about 80% of the forewing length and serrated in males but smooth in females; the scape is combed. The labial palps are upturned and diverge, but do not reach the vertex; their second and third segments are of roughly equal length, the former being somewhat rough at the distal end and the latter pointed. They lack ocelli. The thorax is smooth, while the hindleg tibia has a rough surface formed by hair-like scales.
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Four pairs of appendages are sensory and breathing organs (branchiae) at least in length. They are arranged along the upper and side ridges of the head, arising from the pair of feather-like nuchal organs which analyze chemical signals in the sea. The fifth pair of appendages are grooved and coiled feeding palps arising from below the mouth, which is located in the front-bottom corner of the head. Their internal anatomy is relatively visible from the outside since their outer body is semi- transparent.
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A wide range of vertebrates perform drumming with some part of their body either on the surface or within burrows. Individuals bang heads, rap trunks or tails, stamp or drum with front feet, hind feet or teeth, thump a gular pouch, and basically employ available appendages to create vibrations on the substrates where they live. Insects use percussion by drumming (or scraping) with the head, hind legs, fore legs, mid legs, wings, abdomen, gaster, antennae or maxillary palps. ; Tremulation: Tremulation is performed by a range of insects.
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Grasshoppers have the typical insect body plan of head, thorax and abdomen. The head is held vertically at an angle to the body, with the mouth at the bottom. The head bears a large pair of compound eyes which give all-round vision, three simple eyes which can detect light and dark, and a pair of thread-like antennae that are sensitive to touch and smell. The downward-directed mouthparts are modified for chewing and there are two sensory palps in front of the jaws.
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Tetramorium atratulum is a rare workerless socially parasitic ant from the Palaearctic region, which has even been introduced together with its host in North America. This extreme inquiline is represented only by female and pupoid type male individuals, whose morphology and anatomy indicate a highly specialized level of parasitism. The body of males is depigmentated, the cuticle is thin, the petiole and postpetiole are widely connected, and degenerate mandibles, palps, and antennae are observed. Female wing venation is reduced and the occipital region is narrowed.
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Mature individuals have brown carapaces with short golden hairs (setae) with a slight purple sheen. Females have abdomens with long greyish brown hairs on the front of the upper (dorsal) surface and the sides; males have these longer hairs evenly distributed. Both sexes have legs and palps with short brown hairs with a pink sheen and long brown hairs with darker bases and a whitish apex. The femora, tibiae and metatarsi of the legs have vivid yellow rings on the ends furthest from the body.
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Tentaspina duospina is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found on the Philippines (it was described from Leyte Island). The wingspan is about 11 mm. The head, outer surface of the labial palps, basal part of the thorax, basal part of the patagia and basal part of the tegulae are light brown The forewings are whitish beige and the costa is black basally, just like the quadrangular upper, medial and terminal areas including the fringes.
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The fourth leg is the longest, measuring in the type male and in a female. The legs and palps are bluish black with three distinctly colored rings: dark reddish orange on the part of the patellae closest to the body with light yellowish pink further away, pale yellowish pink on the lower part of the tibiae, and pinkish white at the end of the metatarsi. Adult males have a yellowish brown carapace; the upper surface of the abdomen is black. Adult females vary more in carapace color and pattern.
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Females are 5 mm to 7 mm in length, males 4 mm to 6 mm. The female has a dark brown abdomen with white spots along the flank and an obvious light brown cardiac mark, the carapace is dark brown with a white median band with two narrow white stripes on either side. The legs and palps are brown with darker spots and the legs have dark spines. The males are almost identical to the females but are darker and lack the darker spots on the legs but do have dark femora and coxae.
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Zelotes subterraneus is one of a group shiny, all-black Zelotes species which are difficult to identify, the females being extremely similar and the males only being readily identifiable by reference to the tip of the embolus on the palps. The overall picture is additionally complicated by the apparent hybridisation between the two species in some areas, but this is disputed with some authorities claiming apparent hybrid characteristics may be the result of natural variation. The length of the female's body is 5.8-9.2 mm, while the smaller male is 3.8-7.8 mm long.
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Alabonia geoffrella, dorsal view The adults fly from May to June depending on the location. The wingspan of this day-flying (or diurnal) moth is 17–21 mm, and it is quite colorful, with a light to dark rusty-red background, bold white markings and a more delicate metallic-blue pattern. The labial palps are conspicuously enlarged.Kimber [2010] The caterpillars feed on rotting wood; mostly living under tree bark, they have also been found inside dead branches of common hazel (Corylus avellana) and blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus section Rubus).
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A proboscis allows them to suck nutrients from soft-bodied invertebrates, and their digestive tract has diverticula extending into the legs. hydroid Certain pycnogonids are so small that each of their very tiny muscles consists of only one single cell, surrounded by connective tissue. The anterior region consists of the proboscis, which has fairly limited dorsoventral and lateral movement, and three to four appendages including the s, which are used in caring for young and cleaning as well as courtship. In some species, the chelifores, palps and ovigers can be reduced or missing in adults.
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P. schultzi is one of 17 species in the genus Portia as of June 2011. Portia schultzi Karsch, 1878 is synonymous with Brettus martini Simon, 1900, Linus lesserti Lawrence, 1937 and Linus alboguttatus Lawrence, 1938. Wanless divided the genus Portia into two species groups: the schultzi group, in which males' palps have a fixed tibial apophysis; and the kenti group, in which the apophysis of each palp in the males has a joint separated by a membrane. The schultzi group includes P. schultzi, P. africana, P. fimbriata, and P. labiata.
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The underside of the palps, thorax and base of the abdomen are dirty light brown-fawn and the remainder of the abdomen is hazel-brown, while the edges of segments are more orange with a white dot on each side. The forewing upperside is slate-grey with a brown band running from the middle of the costa to below the middle of the outer margin, shading off proximally to a pale grey space. Distal of the band is a black patch which is somewhat glossy and dentate on the distal edge.
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While most jumping spiders walk quickly, in a stop-go gait and jumping over obstacles, the movements of Phaeacius are very unusual. Phaeacius usually uses a "flattened posture" head-down on a vertical surface, with the body, legs and palps pressed against the surface, the hindmost legs upwards and the other legs downwards, and its markings and flattened body make it easily hidden against the bark of a tree trunk. Its habit of walking with its body and legs flattened against a surface helps Phaeacius to be unobtrusive.
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The adult stage of the type species Mickoleitia longimanus had a wing length of 28–29 mm and a probable body length of ca. 35–40 mm (the abdomen is not preserved in the single known fossil holotype specimen). A second unnamed species of the genus Mickoleitia was only of half this size, and is only known by a single adult specimen from a private fossil collection in Japan. The head of Mickoleitia was provided with large compound eyes and functional mouthparts (preserved are 3-segmented labial palps).
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The isopod body plan consists of a head (cephalon), a thorax (pereon) with eight segments (pereonites), and an abdomen (pleon) with six segments (pleonites), some of which may be fused. The head is fused with the first segment of the thorax to form the cephalon. There are two pairs of unbranched antennae, the first pair being vestigial in land-dwelling species. The eyes are compound and unstalked and the mouthparts include a pair of maxillipeds and a pair of mandibles (jaws) with palps (segmented appendages with sensory functions) and lacinia mobilis (spine-like movable appendages).
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Portia africana was originally described by Simon in 1886 as Linus africana. The species has also been named Cocalus africana (Thorell, 1893) and Neccocalus africana (Roewer, 1964), and finally P. africana since 1978. Portia africana is one of 17 species in the genus Portia as of May 2011. Wanless divided the genus Portia into two species groups: the schultzi group, in which males' palps have a fixed tibial apophysis; and the kenti group, in which the apophysis of each palp in the males has a joint separated by a membrane.
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Menemerus semilimbatus are about long, the male being slightly smaller than the female. These fairly big jumping spiders are dorso-ventrally flattened and are covered with short dense, grayish-white hairs, with hairy whitish palps and a white band on the side margins of the carapace, showing also a small white, triangular marking in the middle. The eyes are large and forward-facing. The legs are light brown with darker rings and patches, while the abdomen is dorsally yellowish or grayish, with a characteristic pattern of several bright V-shaped markings.
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Lateral aspect of an archaeognathan, showing arched profile and abdominal styli machilid, showing compound eyes, prominent maxillary palps, and detachable scales. Drawing of a scale, much magnified, from a species in the family Machilidae Further unusual features are that the abdominal sternites are each composed of three sclerites, and they cement themselves to the substrate before molting. As in the Zygentoma, the body is covered with readily detached scales, that make the animals difficult to grip and also may protect the exoskeleton from abrasion. The thin exoskeleton offers little protection against dehydration.
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Pandava laminata has a brownish body and legs with a much paler abdomen and darker brown chelicerae (fangs). Males have more varied colouring than females, with darker brown around the head area and yellowish brown on the sternum as well as on the second to fourth pairs of legs. Females range from about 6–8 mm in total body length, males being slightly smaller at about 5.5–6 mm. Like all titanoecids, males have a complex projection (apophysis) on the tibia of their palps, with three main parts (lobes).
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This is a large but morphologically uniform genus of rather delicate erebid moths with distinctively patterned wings, the hindwings usually having most elements of the forewing pattern. The ground color of the wings is usually pale fawn or grayish, and the forewing postmedial line is usually angled or curved round the discal area, though its more posterior oblique section may be continued by one of its components towards the apex. The male antennae are ciliate, and the legs are often tufted with scale crests and hair pencils. The labial palps are typical for catocalines.
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The peristomium is the first true body segment in an annelid worm's body in the anterior end. It is directly behind the prostomium and contains the mouth, tentacular cirri, and sometimes feeding palps, which may instead occur on the prostomium. If an eversible pharynx is present, it is contained in this segment as well, and can fill up to 20 segments when inverted, depending on the species. The prostomium and peristomium can be variously fused, either completely distinct, or comprising a joint structure of a peristomial ring and a tentacular crown.
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Erinaceusyllis kathrynae is a species belonging to the phylum Annelida, a group known as the segmented worms. E. kathrynaen is similar to E. cirripapillata, but lacks characteristic papillae on its cirri. At the same time, Sphaerosyllis perspicax - which according to San Martín (2005) could belong to the genus Erinaceusyllis - is also similar, but its anterior dorsal cirri are inflated at their bases; the eyes and antennae are arranged linearly, and the palps are fused along their length. This species is named in honour of Kathryn Attwood of the Australian Museum.
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The second species of Baltimartyria described from Baltic amber is B. rasnitsyni which, like B. proavitella, is known from a single specimen. The holotype is included in the paleoentomology collections of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, as specimen MB.I 5950. The holotype specimen is a complete male moth, included in a transparent section of amber with its wings partly spread. Due to the positioning of the body the right antenna and right maxillary palps are not visible, while the top and inner sides of the genitalia are partly coated in a white coating.
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Overall the specimen has a body length of and has a fore-wing length of . B. rasnitsyni is distinguishable from B. proavitella by characters of the wing vein structure and the maxillary palps. While the R vein branches in B. proavitella all originate separately from the cell, whereas the R4 and R5 veins originate from a single vein that forks on the apex side of the cell. The species was described and named by Wolfram Mey in a 2011 paper published in the online and print journal ZooKeys.
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The species can grow to a length of about with around 180 segments. The front of the prostomium (head) has no eyes or antennae, but the hind part has a pair of long palps and up to four eyes. The multi-segmented body is broadest fairly near the front and then tapers gradually to the pygidium (terminal segment) which bears a funnel. Each segment bears parapodia (outgrowths) and chaetae (bristles), the ventral branches of the parapodia being triangular or finger-like, and these structures reducing in size towards the rear of the animal.
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When feeding, the worm extends its head out of the tube and uses its two long palps to feed on detritus. It has been observed feeding on dead barnacles and other small dead invertebrates, and can also filter plankton from the water. The worms are either male or female; sperm is liberated into the water column and drawn into the burrow of the female by means of the respiratory current. Up to 60 eggs are enclosed in a capsule, and several capsules are suspended by threads inside the female's tube.
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This may occur by diffusion or by the binding of the odorant to odorant-binding proteins. The mucus overlying the epithelium contains mucopolysaccharides, salts, enzymes, and antibodies (these are highly important, as the olfactory neurons provide a direct passage for infection to pass to the brain). This mucus acts as a solvent for odor molecules, flows constantly, and is replaced approximately every ten minutes. In insects, smells are sensed by olfactory sensory neurons in the chemosensory sensilla, which are present in insect antenna, palps, and tarsa, but also on other parts of the insect body.
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In this malacostracan crustacean diagram, the maxillae are labelled maxilla and maxillula. In arthropods, the maxillae (singular maxilla) are paired structures present on the head as mouthparts in members of the clade Mandibulata, used for tasting and manipulating food. Embryologically, the maxillae are derived from the 4th and 5th segment of the head and the maxillary palps; segmented appendages extending from the base of the maxilla represent the former leg of those respective segments. In most cases, two pairs of maxillae are present and in different arthropod groups the two pairs of maxillae have been variously modified.
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The ocelli are concerned in the detection of changes in light intensity, enabling the fly to react swiftly to the approach of an object. Like other insects, flies have chemoreceptors that detect smell and taste, and mechanoreceptors that respond to touch. The third segments of the antennae and the maxillary palps bear the main olfactory receptors, while the gustatory receptors are in the labium, pharynx, feet, wing margins and female genitalia, enabling flies to taste their food by walking on it. The taste receptors in females at the tip of the abdomen receive information on the suitability of a site for ovipositing.
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A family of primitive monotrysian moths in the order Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae are small, metallic day-flying moths with shiny smooth heads. In Europe the small adult moths (genera Antispila and Heliozela) are seldom noticed as they fly quite early in the spring. The larvae are leaf miners and the vacated leaf mines are distinctive because the larva leaves a large hole at the end. The family is worldwide but the recently discovered genus Plesiozela from southern South America (which has five segments in the labial palps) may represent the sister group of living heliozelids (Karsholt and Kristensen, 2003).
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The length of the forewings is for males and for females. It is similar to but differs from Gnathothlibus eras and Gnathothlibus saccoi by the complete absence of any long hair scales on the fore tarsi and clear reduction in length and thickness of the long hair scales covering fore tibiae in males. The upperside of the head, thorax and abdomen are uniform medium brown, with a thin lateral creamy-brown stripe running from the base of the antenna to the posterior of the thorax. The thorax has a wide creamy-brown patch posterior to labial palps.
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The species' body is small, with a total length of and width of , including natatory chaetae from chaetiger 8 to 23 (from a total of 28). Its prostomium is oval, a bit wider than its length, and is contracted on its anterior segments; it shows 4 large eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement and 2 anterior eyespots. All of its antennae are similar, being mamilliform, its median antenna inserted between its posterior eyes and its lateral antenna in front of its anterior eyes. The palps are short, fused along their entire length except for a terminal notch, which possesses papillae.
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During mating, the male stops a few centimetres away from the female and raises itself high on its hind legs and stretches its palps out and waves them to attract the female, moving gradually closer to her. If the female rejects his advances she will lunge forward and the smaller male will retreat and return a few seconds later to start his display again. After hatching from the eggs, the baby spiderlings stay on their mother and are carried by the female on her back until their second moult at which point they are large enough to fend for themselves.
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The mouthparts are partly retractable, with simple chewing mandibles and long maxillary palps. Archaeognatha differ from Zygentoma in various ways, such as their relatively small head, their bodies being compressed laterally (from side to side) instead of flattened dorsiventrally, and in their being able to use their tails to spring up to into the air if disturbed. They also are unique among insects in possessing small, articulated "styli" on the hind (and sometimes middle) coxae and on sternites 2 to 9, which some authorities consider to be vestigial appendages. They have paired eversible membranous vesicles through which they absorb water.
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Named after the fierce Meso-American god Kukulkan, the females are large (up to nearly 20 mm) dark-colored spiders and males are light brown, smaller (about 10 mm), but more long-legged and with palps that are held together in front of their carapaces like the horn of a unicorn. The males also have a darker streak on the center of the dorsal carapace that causes them to be often mistaken for brown recluse spiders. The tiny members of the genus Filistatinella are like miniature versions of Kukulcania. The nominate genus Filistata is Afro-Eurasian in distribution.
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Most intriguing is the morphology of the antenna which bears a long and thick third article followed by a number of shorter and more slender antennomeres. This so-called synantennomere 3 is the product from the ontogenetic fusion of several antennal articles, and it is unique among the extant Hymenoptera species. In Pleroneura, Xyelecia and most species of Xyela the maxillary palps are strongly enlarged and bear specialized setae on the distal articles. The wing venation is the most complete among Hymenoptera: Only in Xyelidae the radial sector Rs furcates into the veins Rs1 and Rs2, while in other Hymenoptera Rs1 is absent.
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The blood is digested over time, serving as a source of protein for the production of eggs, which gradually fill the abdomen. Anopheles mosquitoes can be distinguished from other mosquitoes by the palps, which are as long as the proboscis, and by the presence of discrete blocks of black and white scales on the wings. Adults can also be identified by their typical resting position: males and females rest with their abdomens sticking up in the air rather than parallel to the surface on which they are resting. Adult mosquitoes usually mate within a few days after emerging from the pupal stage.
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He then pursues her, pushes her, tries to climb on her back and raises his wings. She may run away or she may allow herself to be pushed and starts palpating the male's abdomen with her palps, climbs on the male and allows him to grasp her genitalia, dismounts sideways and turns through 180° so that the pair are linked at the tip of the abdomen. Copulation usually lasts for about an hour. Not every courtship resulted in a mating, the female often turns away half way through, or may climb on the back of the male without proceeding to copulation.
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Most bivalves are filter feeders, using their gills to capture particulate food such as phytoplankton from the water. The protobranchs feed in a different way, scraping detritus from the seabed, and this may be the original mode of feeding used by all bivalves before the gills became adapted for filter feeding. These primitive bivalves hold on to the substratum with a pair of tentacles at the edge of the mouth, each of which has a single palp, or flap. The tentacles are covered in mucus, which traps the food, and cilia, which transport the particles back to the palps.
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To some extent the maxillae are more mobile than the mandibles, and the galeae, laciniae, and palps also can move up and down somewhat, in the sagittal plane, both in feeding and in working, for example in nest building by mud-dauber wasps. Maxillae in most insects function partly like mandibles in feeding, but they are more mobile and less heavily sclerotised than mandibles, so they are more important in manipulating soft, liquid, or particulate food rather than cutting or crushing food such as material that requires the mandibles to cut or crush. Like the mandibles, maxillae are innervated by the subesophageal ganglia.
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The first known human incidence of transmission from walrus to human happened at SeaWorld in San Diego, California. A 35-year-old Caucasian man recalled seeing the walruses spitting and snorting, and later feeling irritation in his eye. Three days after his visit to SeaWorld, the mite specimen was discovered and recovered from the lower part of his ocular iris. Pathological changes in the affected areas by the mites were a marked abrasion of the mucosa and destruction and necrosis of the deeply placed tissues by the action of the legs, palps and chelicerae of the mites.
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Ajimi ends up lost in the Atlantic Ocean but manages to get to the Palps and meet up with Fuwari who has managed to get home to visit her grandfather. The two idols perform a duet for Fuwari's grandfather before continuing on to Pripari. The other idols, which include Sophy's Royal Guard, Laala's friends Nao, Eiko, Love, Ran the ghost girl and Nanami the leader of Pink Actress, all arrive in New York where they end up at the Pripara Fancy Club. Unfortunately the idols learn that the club holds idol deathmatches and that they cannot leave unless they win their match.
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Protobranchia is a subclass of bivalve molluscs. It contains the extant orders Nuculanida, Nuculida, and Solemyida. These are deep water clams of a small and primitive order with a taxodont hinge (composed of many similar, small teeth), generally with a central ligament pit, large labial palps which are used in deposit feeding and the gills used only for respiration, the anterior and posterior adductor muscles are nearly equal in size, a foot which is divided sagittally and longitudinally with papillate margins. The foot in Protobranchia clams is without a true byssus gland, although they frequently have a nonhomologous byssal gland in the heel.
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The larva has a blind gut and the body consists of a head and its three pairs of cephalic appendages only: the chelifores, palps and s. The abdomen and the thorax with its thoracic appendages develop later. One theory is that this reflects how a common ancestor of all arthropods evolved; starting its life as a small animal with a pair of appendages used for feeding and two pairs used for locomotion, while new segments and segmental appendages were gradually added as it was growing. At least four types of larvae have been described: the typical protonymphon larva, the encysted larva, the atypical protonymphon larva, and the attaching larva.
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In those species that lack chelifores and palps, the proboscis is well developed and more mobile and flexible, often equipped with numerous sensory bristles and strong rasping ridges around the mouth. The last segment includes the anus and tubercle, which projects dorsally. In total, pycnogonids have four to six pairs of legs for walking as well as other appendages which often resemble legs. A cephalothorax and much smaller abdomen make up the extremely reduced body of the pycnogonid, which has up to two pairs of dorsally located simple eyes on its non-calcareous exoskeleton, though sometimes the eyes can be missing, especially among species living in the deep oceans.
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The legs of both sexes are unusually long and slender, and those of male's are orange-brown with darker markings while those of females are light yellow with blackish markings. In both sexes the final two segment of each leg has no other decorations, but the other segments in both sexes have brownish hairs and many robust spines, and those of males also scattered white tufts. The palps of both sexes have pale yellow hairs and white fringes. All species of the genus Portia have elastic abdomens, so that those of both sexes can become almost spherical when well fed, and females' can stretch as much when producing eggs.
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It was estimated that only 25% of the species diversity of Gelechioidea had been described.Hodges (1999) If this estimate is accurate, Gelechioidea will be one of the largest superfamilies of Lepidoptera. The name "curved-horn moths" refers to one of the few conspicuous features found in (almost) all Gelechioidea, and, at least in the more extreme developments, unique to them: the labial palps are well-developed (though not thickened), and form more or less gently curved protrusions whose end has a drawn-out, pointed tip. Their proboscis is generally well-developed, allowing for long- lived imagines (adults); the proximal part of the proboscis is scaly.
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In contrast, the gray morph crouches down and points the foremost two pairs of legs directly forward, crosses the tips of the legs creating a triangle-like configuration, holds his orange-colored palps beneath his forward eyes, and glides back and forth in stationary or receding semi- circles in front of the female, at away. The movements of the two morphs are identical later in the sequence. When receptive, females respond similarly to both male types: approach and settle; extend the foremost pair of legs or tap with them. Both male morphs typically end their initial display and start leg- clapping and zig-zag dancing.
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Tobacco hornworm caterpillar (Manduca sexta) parasitized by Braconidae wasp larvae Mutualism is a form of biological interaction wherein each individual involved benefits in some way. An example of a mutualistic relationship would be that shared by yucca moths (Tegeculidae) and their host, yucca flowers (Asparagaceae). Female yucca moths enter the host flowers, collect the pollen into a ball using specialized maxillary palps, then move to the apex of the pistil, where pollen is deposited on the stigma, and lay eggs into the base of the pistil where seeds will develop. The larvae develop in the fruit pod and feed on a portion of the seeds.
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Another girl, Fuwari Midorikaze, is sent to Parajuku from The Palps in EuroPara by the mysterious Hibiki Shikyoin to join PriPara. Fuwari forms Dressing Flower, a team with Lala and Dressing Pafe, and wins the Summer Dream Idol Grand Prix; however, their Summer Dream Idol Coords are taken away by the Masked Genius. Ajimi Kiki, from EuroPara, debuts in PriPara but she is later revealed as Paprika Academy's art teacher. She and Cosmo form a dream team with the PriPara Police (Lala, Dorothy, and Mikan) and win the Autumn Dream Idol Grand Prix, but their Autumn Dream Idol Coords are taken by the Masked Genius.
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Mites are tiny members of the class Arachnida; most are in the size range but some are larger and some are no bigger than as adults. The body plan is similar to that of ticks in having two regions, a cephalothorax (with no separate head) or prosoma, and an opisthosoma or abdomen. Segmentation has almost entirely been lost and the prosoma and opisthosoma are fused, only the positioning of the limbs indicating the location of the segments. 1 Chelicerae, 2 Palps, 3 Salivary glands, 4 Gut, 5 Excretory (Malpighian) tubules, 6 Anus, 7 Ovary or testes, 8 Air-breathing tubes (tracheae), 9 Central ganglion, 10 Legs, 11 Hypostome.
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Both C. macellaria and C. hominivorax are metallic green to bluish green in major coloration, with setae on the dorsal surface of the stem vein, orange gena, pale white anterior spiracles, filiform palps, and three black longitudinal stripes (vittae) on the notum of the thorax. The species C. macellaria has pale setulae on the fronto-orbital plate outside the row of frontal bristles, while C. hominivorax has dark setulae on the fronto- orbital plate outside the row of frontal bristles. The female C. macellaria has a yellowish basicosta while the female C. hominivorax has a brown basicosta. C. macellaria is 6–9 mm in length.
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The fourth leg is the longest, measuring in the type male and in a female. The legs and palps are black to reddish black with three distinctly colored rings, deep orange on the part of the patellae closest to the body with pale orange–yellow further away, pale orange–yellow on the lower part of the tibiae, and yellowish-white at the end of the metatarsi. Adult males have light greyish-red around the border of the carapace with a darker reddish-black marking from the middle of the carapace to the front of the head; the upper surface of the abdomen is black. Adult females vary more in carapace color and pattern.
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They are usually greyish- brownish and rather inconspicuous moths, though some are more boldly patterned in blackish, pale and even yellow hues. Like their close relatives, they lack the loop formed by forewing veins 1a/1b, and their labial palps are elongated and project straightly, appearing like a pointed "beak". The genitals are of characteristically simple shape in this genus; while they cannot usually be depended upon to differ significantly between species, they allow to distinguish this genus from similar moths. In the males, the clasper's harpe has few if any unusual features, the aedagus is usually a rather nondescript rod, and the vesica bears a characteristic small disc with grainy surface.
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In other species with more flexible duct walls, changes in pressure of the surrounding haemolymph may be involved. In most spiders (in particular mesotheles and entelegynes) only the end of the bulb – the embolus – is inserted into a female pore during copulation before the sperm is ejaculated. In a minority of spiders with simple palps (mygalomorphs and haplogynes), most or all of the bulb is inserted. Since the palpal bulbs lack sensory organs, the male faces difficulties in ensuring the correct positioning of the palpal bulbs relative to the female, difficulties which have been described as like "those of a person attempting to adjust a complex, delicate mechanism in the dark, using an elongate, elaborately formed fingernail".
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This state is most likely induced as a result of a male volatile pheromone. The chemical structure of the pheromone utilized by the male A. aperta is currently unknown; however, physical contact is not necessary for the induced passive state. Eunuch males, or males with partially or fully removed palps, are unable to induce the passive state on females from a distance, but can induce quiescence upon physical contact with the female; this suggests that the pheromone produced is potentially related to sperm production, since the male inserts sperm from his pedipalps, structures which are removed in eunuchs. This adaptation has most likely evolved in response to the overly aggressive nature of female spiders.
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A second peculiarity is the reduction of eyes in all cavernicolous species. This contrasts with most nocturnal or crepuscular species, in many of which there is a strong tendency to adapt to low light levels by responding to selection for large, highly sensitive eyes. A form of adaptation common to many cave insects as well as some external predatory species, is elongation of appendages, especially the antennae, palps and forelegs that assist in precise location of prey before striking. Many also bear elongated sensory organs, typically setae, as for example, in the beetle Scotoplanetes arenstorffianus, in which there are well developed setae, including on the elytra and also supraorbitally, but the eyes themselves are absent.
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Aedes taeniorhynchus adult abdomen The main physical distinctions between Ae. taeniorhynchus and other species come from the white banding that covers several body parts along Ae. taeniorhynchus. The species, like other Aedes mosquitoes, exhibits basal banding of the abdomen, but Ae. taeniorhynchus also uniquely exhibits white-tipped palps and a central white ring on the proboscis. This species looks similar to Aedes sollicitans, except for subtle differences in the larval and adult stages. In the larval stage, Ae. taeniorhynchus has a shorter breathing tube, its scale patches are rounded instead of pointed at the tips, and spines that line the edges of each scale patch are smaller near the scale patch base.
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Blue blowfly carved on pare on display at the New Zealand Arthropod Collection at Landcare Research, Auckland The blue blowfly larvae are made up of a head, three thoracic segments and eight abdominal segments. The head is often so small it is hidden in the thoracic segment it has two lobes, a pair of antennae and also a pair of maxillary palps which are bristle like hairs attached to the mouthparts of the larvae that serve as an additional sensory structure. The mouth is situated at the lower front part of the head and has a pair of hardened mouth hooks. The oral sclerite in the Calliphora quadrimaculata is short compared to other species in the same family.
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The carapace is flattened with smooth side and rear margins, width is up to , and long whip-like antennae grow from the front corners, with the short rostrum extending beyond the large prominent eyes. The animal either filter feeds with long setae borne from the maxilliped palps, or scavenges by chopping up flesh with the second maxilliped and further shredding with the mandibles. The large chelipeds are generally smooth with no teeth or serrations, mainly used for territorial defense among males, who usually have one enlarged. Chelipeds and legs bear randomly located spines which can break off with wear, and these areas are dorsally coloured the same as the carapace, in black, blue, greenish or greyish, the ventral areas lighter.
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A Western Australian field study found that most males took 6 to 8 weeks to travel around with occasional journeys of over , but that only around 11–13% successfully found a mate. They are attracted by pheromones, which are secreted by unmated sexually mature female redback spiders onto their webs and include a serine derivative (N-3-methylbutyryl-O-(S)-2-methylbutyryl-L-serine). This is thought to be the sole method by which males assess a female's reproductive status, and their courtship dismantles much of the pheremone-marked web. During mating, the male redback attempts to copulate by inserting one of its palps into the one of the female's two spermathecae (sperm storage organs), each of which has its own insemination orifice.
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Although this prohibits future mating for the males, this is not a serious disadvantage, because the spiders are sufficiently sparse that less than 20% of males ever find a potential mate during their lifetimes, and in any case, the male is functionally sterile if he has used the contents of both of his palps in the first mating. Some redback males have been observed using an alternative tactic that also ensures more of their genetic material is passed on. Juvenile female redbacks nearing their final moulting and adulthood have fully formed reproductive organs, but lack openings in the exoskeleton that allow access to the organs. Males will bite through the exoskeleton and deliver sperm without performing the somersault seen in males mating with adult females.
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Six diagnostic characters can generally separate Euprenolepis workers from the workers of other formicine genera: # basal tooth with a distinct obtuse angle on the inner mandibular margin # apical tooth large and curved toward midline of body # mandalus is large and conspicuous # medially placed clypeus without a prominent keel # anterior clypeal margin medially emarginate, with a medially placed seta # widely spaced torulae The reduced segmentation in the palps also helps in diagnosing the genus, except Pseudolasius also exhibits palpal segment reduction. With the exception of E. negrosensis, all species appear to have a 3:4 palpal formula. Pseudolasius typically possess two or three labial palpal segments. Euprenolepis is most likely to be confused with Pseudolasius,but with the exception of E. negrosensis, Euprenolepis species have much larger eyes than Pseudolasius species.
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The medium grey head is covered with a smooth layer of scales and bears a well-developed and very scaly proboscis; ocelli are absent, and a white stripe runs along the side of the head. The labial palps are slim and curve backwards; they reach far beyond the vertex in length, with the third segment being somewhat longer than the second. The latter is grey like the head on the outside, with a white spot near the tip, and silvery towards the midline; the third palp segment is black and bears a white lengthwise stripe. Its black serrated antennae have grey rings and bear fine hairs, with a comb of short hairs on the scape as is typical for cosmet moths and some relatives; the scape is shorter than the head.
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Skeleton tarantula Unlike most members of the subfamily Aviculariinae, which are arboreal, E. murinus lives mainly on or near the forest floor, where it will build a heavily webbed burrow beneath the topsoil or amongst branches, rocks, and other forest floor debris. As a defense against potential predators, and in common with many other New World tarantulas, the species of the genus Ephebopus will brush urticating hairs from their bodies. Uniquely, rather than being located on the abdomen, Ephebopus urticating hairs are located on the spider's palps - on the medial side of the palpal femora; the spider sheds these hairs by rubbing the palp against the chelicerae. E. murinus is also a fast and aggressive species, and will readily rise up and present its fangs to a potential predator.
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However, in members of the tube-dwelling family Siboglinidae the gut is blocked by a swollen lining that houses symbiotic bacteria, which can make up 15% of the worms' total weight. The bacteria convert inorganic matter – such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from hydrothermal vents, or methane from seeps – to organic matter that feeds themselves and their hosts, while the worms extend their palps into the gas flows to absorb the gases needed by the bacteria. Annelids with blood vessels use metanephridia to remove soluble waste products, while those without use protonephridia. Both of these systems use a two-stage filtration process, in which fluid and waste products are first extracted and these are filtered again to re-absorb any re- usable materials while dumping toxic and spent materials as urine.
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E. spinula is a small moth, slightly larger than E. colymbetella (9–12 mm - almost 0.5 in - in wingspan) and resembling it in coloration and pattern. The head and thorax are white; the labial palps are generally also white, but shaded somewhat greyish on the outside, except for the base of the second segment. The antennae, the tegula and the upperside of the abdomen are reddish grey, the antennae becoming lighter towards the tip, while the underside of the abdomen is white with reddish stripes; the males' abdomen has two pairs of coremata. The legs are white, with a blackish-brown suffusion in the outer side of the forelegs, and reddish spots on the mid- and hindleg tibiae, in the former there are three such marks, while on the hindlegs there is only one, near the tip of the tibia.
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Reviewing his artwork, the odonatologists Albert Orr and Matti Hämäläinen comment that his drawing of a 'large brown' (Aeshna grandis, top left of image) was "superb", while the "perfectly natural colours of the eyes indicate that Harris had examined living individuals of these aeshnids and either coloured the printed copper plates himself or supervised the colourists." However, they consider the larva on the same plate far less good, "a very stiff dorso-lateral view of an aeshnid larva with mask extended. No attempt has been made to depict the eyes, antennae or hinge on the mask or labial palps, all inconceivable omissions for an artist of Harris' talent had he actually examined a specimen", and they suggest he copied it from August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof. In 1778, Harris discovered the Muscina levida [assimilis] species of fly.
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Imago of unidentified Phycitinae species from Aranda, Australian Capital Territory In general, Phycitinae are smallish and slender-bodied moths, resembling fungus moths (family Tineidae) in appearance, though they have the well-developed proboscis typical of snout moths and in many cases also the tell-tale "snout" consisting of elongated and straight labial palps. They are usually inconspicuous; while the forewings of some are quite prominently patterned, even these have usually rather nondescript greyish-brown colours and in the natural environment the pattern is cryptic. Yet a few species of Phycitinae, such as Oncocera semirubella, are unusually brightly coloured by moth standards, while those of genus Myelois resemble members of unrelated "micromoth" family Yponomeutidae and like these are called "ermine moths" due to their bright white forewings with tiny black spots. Despite their diversity, the group is considered by and large monophyletic as traditionally circumscribed.
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Contrary to most other bee species which have a short proboscis to consume nectar with a lapping motion of their hair-covered tongues, the long-tongued Euglossini bees utilize a purely suction feeding method to ingest nectar from deep flowers, such as flowering orchid plants. However, because of the dilemma the euglossine bees face—in which energy content rises linearly with nectar sugar concentration, whereas viscosity rises exponentially—, E. imperialis collect more dilute nectars, relative to their lapping bee counterparts, with sucrose concentrations between approximately 30 to 40%. During the actual ingestion, the glossa of E. imperialis is generally fully extended and stationary, stretching 6 mm beyond the apical end of the feeding tube formed by the galeae and the labial palps. Therefore, the shift in capillary-based lapping to suction feeding for E. imperialis, although decreasing nectar sugar concentration, maximizes the rate of energy intake for each individual bee.
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Coquillettidia perturbans is a mosquito that can range from 2.0 mm to (10.0–15.0 mm) in length. The body of this species contains three segments consisting of a head, thorax, and abdomen. The prominent identifying characteristics of C. perturbans consist of: dark and light scales of the legs in an alternating pattern, the sides of the thorax covered with groups of or scale bristles, while the scales of the wings and palps can be defined as tear-drop in shape and located around the veins and outer edges of the wings, alternating in color. General characteristics of C. perturbans include, but are not limited to: a small head, wedge-shaped thorax, elongated and slim wings, a lengthened and almost cylindrical abdomen, plumose antennae in males and pilose antennae in females, along with a long and slender proboscis, enabling this species with a piercing and sucking apparatus in order to obtain blood meals.
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This work was the first attempt to include Tatuidris as a terminal taxon in a morphological cladistic analysis. In their study, Baroni Urbani & de Andrade (2007) identified six morphological synapomorphies shared between Tatuidris and the dacetines, justifying the inclusion of the genus within Myrmicinae. These characters included: # mandibles at rest opposing at least in part, instead of crossing # a mandibular-torular index < 130 # reduction of maxillary palps from double-jointed to single-jointed # reduced male mandibles # presence of a two-segmented antennal club # reduced number of antennal joints In addition, two autapomorphies (a differently shaped petiolar tergum and sternum, and the eyes at or close to the apex of the antennal scrobe) separated Tatuidris from all other extant ant genera included in their study. Unlike phylogenetic studies based on morphological traits, molecular analyses of the internal phylogeny of the ants have given strong evidence that the armadillo ants are neither closely related to nor nested within the Myrmicinae.
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Basis dorsally 0.60- 0.68 mm in width, the lateral submarginal fields swollen and frequently delimited from the depressed, median field by ill-defined carinae; posterior margin sinuous, posterolateral angles swollen, sometimes mildly salient; porose areas large, deep subcircular or oval, the longer axis directed anteriorly, interval frequently depressed, at most about the width of one; basis ventrally with posterior margin rounded and with well-defined, blunt, retrograde auriculae. Palps long and slender, some long hairs ventrally; article I rounded and somewhat salient laterally, inner 'ring' with dorsal tongue-like prolongation and ventrally semicircular and plate-like, the posterior margin of the plate extending beyond the palp; articles 2 and 3 with no apparent suture, 0.75- 0.85 mm in length and about four times as long as wide, narrowly rounded distally. Hypostome lanceolate and bluntly pointed; dentition mainly 3/3, the innermost file of small, spaced teeth, basally 2/2. Scutum: As wide as or a little wider than long, widest a little posterior to mid length, 1.6 x 1.7 mm- 2.4 x 2.4 mm, flat medianly, convex external to the long, strong lateral carinae; anterolateral margins practically straight, posterolateral margins mildly concave; posterior anle broadly rounded.
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