Adults typically mated and oviposited at temperatures of or more. Around 99.6% of oviposition in the field occurred at .
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Mating occurs 3 or 4 days after metamorphosis, during which 300-1400 eggs are oviposited. From egg to adulthood, the cabbage looper's life cycle is generally 24–33 days long.
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Generally, adult female moths will oviposit around 200 eggs at a time. The timing and number of eggs oviposited has been shown to vary based on several factors, including temperature, humidity, access to water, and type of food source. Low temperatures delay oviposition, and low humidity or lack of access to water seems to reduce the number of eggs oviposited by any given female. Preferred food source upon which to oviposit may vary with the strain of almond moth.
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The female will then rest while the eggs develop. Once mature, the eggs are oviposited and the female begins the process all over again, feeding and laying for the 40 days or so that it lives for.
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For example, the size of pollen balls, a source of food, depended on when the egg-laying females oviposited. If the provisioning by pollen collectors was incomplete by the time the egg- laying female occupied a cell and oviposited, the size of the pollen balls would be small, leading to small offspring. Batra applied this term to species in which a colony is started by a single individual. Batra described other species, wherein the founder is accompanied by numerous helpers--as in a swarm of bees or ants--as "hypersocial".
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The worker could lay these eggs either before the queen has oviposited, or soon after, which would result in two eggs in the same brood cell. If the queen doesn't eat the eggs, the worker typically succeeds in producing male offspring.
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Female yucca moths use their antennae to sense if a flower has already been visited, and presumably oviposited on, by another female by detecting trace pheromones left behind. If detected, the female leaves and finds another flower that hopefully has not been pollinated yet.
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They hide in the crown or rosettes of winter-growing plants. In the spring, adults emerge to feed on the host plant. Adults like to feed on pollen-rich flowers such as cucurbits, thistle, and sunflower. Eggs are oviposited on the soil close to a host plant.
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The large white ova are pale yellow, turning darker yellow within twenty-four hours of being oviposited. A few hours prior to hatching, they become black, the shell more transparent, and the larvae visible within.Molet, T. 2011. CPHST Pest Datasheet for Pieris brassicae. USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST.
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Most insects reproduce via sexual reproduction, i.e. the egg is produced by the female, fertilised by the male and oviposited by the female. Eggs are usually deposited in a precise microhabitat on or near the required food. However, some adult females can reproduce without male input.
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The breeding season is thought to be from August to October. Dissected females have been shown to carry only 2–3 eggs, which are oviposited singly in the sand. These beetles likely have long lifespans in order to reproduce sufficiently. In the laboratory, eggs hatch at about 14 days.
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The specimens of A. mormo were seen laying eggs near their host plants, but not directly on the leaves. Instead, females oviposited a single egg in rocky crevices or soil cracks. This occurred in the afternoon, with a duration of up to 30 seconds.Wick, Ashley Anne, et al.
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Walnut Tree, typical site of infestation R. juglandis infests walnut trees, which has economic importance due to the cultivation of walnuts for human use. A close relative, R. completa, is known to infest peaches growing near walnuts. Under artificial conditions, females have oviposited in other fruits and vegetables, but larvae failed to develop.
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Kaolin clay particle films are used to slow down the activity of larvae and adults. On trees coated with particle films, the larvae displayed decreased walking speed, fruit scavenging activity, and penetration rate. Although hatching rate of the eggs did not differ between treated and untreated trees, female moths oviposited less on film-treated trees.
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Leafhoppers undergo direct development from nymph to adult without undergoing metamorphosis. On okra, eggs are mainly oviposited inside the tissue of leaf blades, but may also be laid in leaf stalks or in soft twigs. The eggs hatch in six or seven days. There are five nymphal instars, developing over a period of about seven days.
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The eggs, which are oviposited on either the fruit or twig depending on the generation, are white and shaped like a convex lens. They are tiny, usually about 1–1.2 mm in size. As the caterpillar develops inside the egg, the egg changes color. A reddish ring forms first and then a red spot appears, which becomes the head of the caterpillar.
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Amylostereum laevigatum is known from Norway, Sweden, France, Switzerland, Canada and the United States, where it occurs on Abies, Juniperus, Taxus and Thuja. The fungus first appeared in Japan as a symbiont of the Japanese horntail (Urocerus japonicus), being injected into the sapwood of the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and the Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) trees when the female horntail oviposited beneath the bark.
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Mating can last up to 50 minutes in D. tityus. Subsequent batches of eggs are oviposited in the same site until its resources are exhausted. The larvae are large C-shaped grubs with white bodies and chewing mouthparts, which feed on decaying wood and litter within rotten trees and produce distinctive rectangular fecal pellets about long. After 12–18 months, the larvae pupate in late summer.
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Leaf mines Eggs are typically oviposited on leaves toward the center of the host plant. Regardless of host plant, the female's first action is bending of the abdomen to position her ovipositor at the correct angle to the leaf. The ovipositor than contacts the leaf in a series of "rapid thrusts". The female punctures the leaf in either a fan shape or a tubular shape.
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Limnonectes limborgi has nidicolous development: eggs are oviposited terrestrially in a nest; the larvae hatch in the nest and are free-living but non-feeding. Male frogs attend the nest; their skin secretions might inhibit fungal or bacterial infections. This contrast to the earlier belief that Limnonectes limborgi has direct development, i.e., no free-swimming tadpole stage, and hatching as tiny full-formed frogs.
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First generation eggs are laid on fruits, and second generation eggs are generally oviposited on twigs and leaves. Females favor laying eggs at the upper part of the tree near the edges of the branches, where fruits are most commonly located. The eggs are laid along with sticky mass secreted from the female, which acts as glue to hold the eggs in place and prevent them from being washed away by rain.
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Some species have turned from wild grasses to sugarcane, which affects the crop adversely, and in a few isolated cases, females have oviposited on cash crops such as date palms, grape vines, citrus trees, asparagus, and cotton. Cicadas sometimes cause damage to ornamental shrubs and trees, mainly in the form of scarring left on tree branches where the females have laid their eggs. Branches of young trees may die as a result..
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In colonies of E. cordata, the oldest female is designated as the dominant female, while the others behave as her subordinates. Dominant females will enforce their dominance over reproduction over other females through aggression and antagonistic behavior. However, all adult females are totipotent and can lay eggs themselves. While the dominant female rarely leaves the nest, she will guard the nest and oviposits in cells provisioned and oviposited by the subordinate females.
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O. triseriatus has a holometabolous life cycle. Mating typically occurs in June and July, and females must take a blood meal prior to copulation to mature a batch of eggs. The eggs are oviposited by the female mosquito into stagnant water containers, such as tree holes and oftentimes unnatural containers like tires, and these eggs will fully embryonate after a few days. After being inundated with water, the eggs are stimulated to hatch from a lack of oxygen, and this typically occurs after a rainfall.
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POP not only involves the synchronized actions of the workers but it also involves complex communication with the queen. Different species of stingless bees differ with the number of cells contained in on POP. In Plebeia, POP is characterized by synchronous construction of cells and having all of them provisioned and oviposited very quickly followed by the construction of new cells soon after. One thing to note in P. remota is that the queen does not inspect the cells before her oviposition into them.
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One experiment observed more experienced flies learning and behaving in a different way than inexperienced flies. Where more experienced flies typically oviposited more eggs onto a host, experienced females were also documented to be able to recognize suitable hosts faster than inexperienced hosts and tended to oviposit on live hosts more often. Another experiment looked into the potential of E. mella flies as biocontrol agents in agriculture for certain pests. Where parasitism of the host rarely lets the pest that is chosen as a host live.
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Larva Snakeflies are holometabolous insects, having a four-stage life cycle with eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. Before mating, the adults engage in an elaborate courtship ritual, including a grooming behaviour involving legs and antennae. In raphidiids, mating takes place in a "dragging position", while in inocelliids, the male adopts a tandem position under the female; copulation may last for up to three hours in some inoceliid species. The eggs are oviposited into suitable locations and hatch in from a few days to about three weeks.
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Sibling cannibalism, common in many spider species, is not affected by the proportion of trophic eggs, since viable eggs are oviposited and hatch synchronously, before trophic eggs are laid. In the spider Amaurobius ferox, trophic eggs are laid the day after spiderlings emerge from their egg sac. The mother’s reproductive behaviour is modified by the behaviour of her offspring, and their presence inhibits the second generation of eggs from maturing; instead they are released as infertile trophic eggs. Converting the second generation into food for the first ultimately boosts the mother’s reproductive success.
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Vent pecking is an abnormal behaviour observed in birds in captivity that involves pecking and causing damage to the cloaca, its surrounding skin, and underlying tissue of another bird. Occurrence of vent pecking is primarily immediately after a bird has oviposited when the cloaca is red and enlarged. Vent pecking, like feather pecking, is a gateway behaviour to cannibalism due to its cannibalistic features of hostility towards another individual that involves the aggressive tearing and damaging of the skin and tissue. Vent cannibalism was found to be the most common type of cannibalism causing death in autopsy results of laying hens.
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The insect is called the 'wharf borer' because the larval stage of this insect is often found on pilings and timbers of wharves, especially along coastal areas. The adult beetles can be identified via a black band across the end of both elytra, or wing covers. In addition, wharf borers can be distinguished from other members of the family Oedemeridae via the presence of a single spur on the tibia of the forelegs, and the distance between both eyes (twice the length of one eye). Eggs are oviposited on rotten wood where larvae hatch and burrow to feed on rotten wood.
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However, the size of adult E. mella is directly correlated with the size of the host from which the fly emerged. Thus, flies that were oviposited and burrowed alone into larger hosts were larger than those that emerged from a smaller host or one that was superparasitized. A study shows that the sex of the emerging flies does not correspond to the host size or superparasitism of the host, though the two factors influence the size of adult flies, and the larger adult flies deposit a larger number of eggs than the smaller ones. Additionally, host larvae activity has a larger impact on parasite oviposition than host larvae size.
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Two of the three yucca moth genera in particular, Tegeticula and Parategeticula, have an obligate pollination mutualism with yuccas. Yuccas are only pollinated by these moths, and the pollinator larvae feed exclusively on yucca seeds; the female moths use their modified mouthparts to insert the pollen into the stigma of the flowers, after having oviposited in the ovary, where the larvae feed on some (but not all) of the developing ovules. This obligate pollination mutualism is similar to the mutualistic relationship between the senita cactus and the senita moth. Species of the third genus of yucca moths, Prodoxus, are not engaged in the pollination mutualism, nor do the larvae feed on developing seeds.
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The question whether feeding is of practical importance has by now been clearly settled for some Chironomus species, at least; specimens that had fed on sucrose flew far longer than starved specimens, and starved females longer than starved males, which suggested they had eclosed with larger reserves of energy than the males. Some authors suggest the females and males apply the resources obtained in feeding differently. Males expend the extra energy on flight, while females use their food resources to achieve longer lifespans. The respective strategies should be compatible with maximal probability of successful mating and reproduction in those species that do not mate immediately after eclosion, and in particular in species that have more than one egg mass maturing, the less developed masses being oviposited after a delay.
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