Chopped carbon fibres can be made from manufacturing offcuts or recycled material.
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Reformation Reformation uses offcuts and more sustainable materials like linen and cotton to create influencer favorites.
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However, Statkraft's procedure would use wood chippings and offcuts that have no other use, alongside other waste.
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It describes how it developed from a method used to make cheap offcuts of meat taste delicious.
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She recalled that she would buy the "offcuts" at good fabric stores and create her own designs.
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Now, more than a decade later, "Pre-Presidential Library" is a smaller version of that, made up of offcuts.
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They pick up scraps of talk and offcuts of sensation, with which to feather the nests of their lyrical work.
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This includes pesticides, toxic dyes, solid waste, and fabric offcuts, all of which add up to a colossal amount of waste.
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Eventually, Munro would like to make these blades with an onsite forge using charcoal made from Full Grown's prunings and offcuts.
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Buying from an actual honest-to-God fish smoker, rather a bag of cheap offcuts at a supermarket is a start.
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Then she gestured at some blush pink patent-leather curtains made from offcuts of collection fabric and added, "Like this, yes."
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Pieces of timber too small to process as logs—including offcuts and thinnings from the forest—are chipped and pulped to make paper.
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Finally, we need to cut down on waste wherever possible by reusing fabric offcuts and reducing production methods that use colossal amounts of water.
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To entertain his grandchildren, he constructed a large model airplane using the only materials he could find — offcuts of foam insulation, wire and string.
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Two years ago, for example, the French fashion brand Hermès started sponsoring the Spanish designer Jorge Penadés, occasionally sending him palettes of leather offcuts.
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It is also working with the sustainable luxury company Elvis & Kresse to transform 120 tonnes of leather offcuts into new products over the next five years.
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Hafizurrahman, who goes by only one name, has been the president of the Small Tanners Association since 1987; his tannery works with offcuts that are rejected by larger enterprises.
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The fashion brand will continue to work with companies such as Elvis & Kresse, a business that uses leather offcuts from Burberry products to create bags, belts and other accessories.
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A quarter of my fall 22017 collection was made from recycled materials and Zegna factory offcuts, and we recently developed all-natural dyes derived from herbs, flowers and leaves.
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Some readers, myself among them, find as much pleasure in the distinctive offcuts, literature's offal: books of letters and essays, diaries, collections of food and travel writing, volumes of criticism.
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This ranges from "ugly" veg left to rot in the fields to offcuts lost in processing, fruit chucked by supermarkets, and leftovers left that fester at the back of our fridges.
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The choice of setting underscored an environmentalist message put forth by the Zegna designer Alessandro Sartori, who presented an array of crinkled, somber suits in a machine-shop palette, much of it created using industrial offcuts.
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Burberry's annual report states that it is "committed to reducing, reusing and recycling any waste we create" and that it donates leather offcuts to sustainable luxury company Elvis & Kresse, in a partnership that aims to transform at least 120 tons of leather into new products.
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That suggests that tonight's release is more of a collection than a proper follow-up album, but Lamar's previous comments indicate that these songs aren't just poor-quality offcuts — he rapper has spoken before about the wealth of material he laid down during these sessions, saying he had "close to ten songs" he was "in love with," and that they only didn't make it onto his previous release due to deadlines or clearance issues. pic.twitter.com/857E1EHYoR
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Anyway, here's a one-bed in Hammersmith which – and we can't be sure, we can never be sure – but I'm pretty sure is a repurposed well shaft, that a number of innocent people died in, their bones picked clean of flesh by the dogs and left to glint ivory in the dim sunlight, and then built over with a load of wood offcuts and Britain's smallest sink to make something that almost – very, very almost – resembles somewhere where a human being could feasibly live.
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Stretchers are sold commercially, usually made of beech. Many upholsterers make their own though, from workshop offcuts.
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The counterfeiters imported crocodile skins. Leather offcuts, tools, zips, and faulty bags that were to be destroyed had been stolen from Hermès.
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Luthiers making their own planes typically make them from offcuts of dense tropical hardwoods. Ibex is a widely known manufacturer of bronze planes.
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Quilting can be considered one of the first examples of upcycling, as it has historically made extensive use of remnants and offcuts for the creation of new products.
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In 1973 the brand Jim Block was created to utilize the meat offcuts from Block's steak production. The main product of Jim Block's is hamburgers. Block owns 12 Jim Block restaurants in Hamburg, Berlin and Hannover.
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Mirror adds great depth and sparkle to a mosaic. It is cheap as offcuts from a glass cutting shop are often free. The use of mirror glue protects the silver on the back of the mirror.
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Doors and window frames, floorboards, mantelpieces and skirting boards were prepared on site. Shingles were split from she-oak at bush sites. Offcuts were burnt to produce charcoal for the blacksmith. The road from Jimperding was badly eroded by the carting of timber to the depot.
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Worbla can also be moulded, when warmed, as a putty and used to sculpt solid pieces. Unusually, offcuts of sheet can be recycled in this way. The material can be cut with scissors, knives or by laser. When cold it can be cut, carved or sanded with woodworking hand tools.
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The single-player portions of Men of War comprise 19 missions spread across Soviet, German, and Allied campaigns and a "bonus" campaign of offcuts. The game focuses on some of the less-known battles of World War II and does not feature famous battles like the Invasion of Normandy or Battle of Stalingrad.
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Offcuts of the same lead sheet are used as this filler. Excessive use of a filler, rather than an initial close fit, is considered a sign of poor technique. The torch used for lead burning is a small, hot, gas flame. Oxy-acetylene is most commonly used, as it is easily portable.
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The sixth single from the album, "Imaginary Girl" (August 1993), reached No. 82 on the ARIA Singles Chart. On 24 November 2017 a 2 CD expanded 25th anniversary edition was released on the Bloodlines label. Featuring the remastered 11 track album plus 6 "Offcuts" on disc one and 12 "Precuts" on disc two plus a further 5 "Postcuts".
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Killer Under a Blood Moon is the second extended play by Australian musician Dan Sultan. Released in May 2018, the EP sees Dan Sultan working with Australian musicians to recreate songs from his previous studio album Killer. The EP concludes with two glam-bent bonus tracks, both offcuts from Killer. Sultan said the EP came together quite naturally.
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Ebonite was also used as a jet substitute and initially looks very similar to jet, but it fades over time. In some cases jet offcuts were mixed with glue and molded into jewelry. Anthracite (hard coal) is superficially similar to fine jet, and has been used to imitate it. This imitation is not always easy to distinguish from real jet.
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'The Legacy Club', O[ld K[ing's] S[cholars] Offcuts, no. 29 (May 2010) (scroll to page 5).] Chesshyre studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1962, and proceeding by convention to Master of Arts in 1966.The Cambridge University List of Members up to 31 December 1991 (Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 242.
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Lucy Hughes-Hallett, "Frets and starts: Offcuts from Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell blend fact with fairytale", The Guardian (21 October 2006). Retrieved 6 April 2009. It is "an anarchic medieval triumph-of-the-peasantry tale" in which the "pagan power of faerie [is] outwitted by the Christian saints".Claudia Fitzherbert, "When enchantment takes root in the shrubbery", The Daily Telegraph (25 October 2006).
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The of railway crossed 45 rivers and deep valleys. Of these 43 were spanned by viaducts of various types built partly or entirely from timber. Workshops were established at where timber could arrive on barges to be preserved and cut to size. The offcuts from the timbers used for the viaducts and track were then used for the construction of the railway's buildings.
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The tapered finger splice joint requires a series of matching 'fingers' or interlocking prominences to be cut on the ends of opposing members. The joint is brought together and glued, with the fingers providing substantial glue surface. This joint is commonly used in the production of building materials from smaller offcuts of timber. It is commonly found in skirting, architrave, and fascia.
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A number of trolleys on rails take the offcuts and waste from the various bench areas out to the west side of the shed. The original hand-operated winch for moving logs through the breakdown saw stands to the east of the trolley rails for the breakdown saw and the early electrical insulators trace the original path of the cabling along the underside of the roof.
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In June 1986 he decided to relocate to Tokyo to be with Keiko, where he sold his clothing through the Sector boutique in Harajuku. Sector also retailed Blame's work and the early work of Galliano. In 1993, Nemeth took over Sector, renaming it after himself, and opened branches in Osaka, Fukuoka and Nagoya. He continued to use recycled fabrics, combining discarded offcuts and remnants from tailoring shops into patchwork yardage to use for his designs.
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During the album campaign for Too Much Information, a double A-side single, "Random Regrets / On The Sly", was released on 7-inch vinyl for Record Store Day 2014, consisting of two offcuts from the recording sessions for The National Health and Too Much Information respectively. An interesting feature of this release is that all copies pressed accidentally had the labels pressed onto the wrong sides of the record because of a factory error.
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In Yorkshire, England, the "Yorkshire fishcake" is a variation traditionally served in many fish and chip shops in South Yorkshire, parts of West Yorkshire, and the East Riding of Yorkshire. It consists of two slices of potato (sometimes parboiled), with offcuts of fish in between, deep fried in batter. Yorkshire fishcakes can also be known as scallop fishcakes, or fish patties. TV chef Brian Turner has made the recipe available via his website.
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The station burns 300,000 tonnes of a combination of sustainable wood, sawmill waste and otherwise unusable wood offcuts a year to produce 30 megawatts (MW) of electricity, as well as 10 MW of thermal energy in the form of steam, which is piped for use in the rest of the Wilton complex. It operates separately from the fossil fuel power station. 80,000 tonnes of waste wood is supplied to the station each year from neighbouring company UK Wood Recycling.
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Such toys have their origins in a legend concerning Sakanoue no Tamuramaro. According to the legend, he either received aid from a magical wooden horse or was able to win a battle due to the timely appearance of a herd of wild horses. Due to the original toys being carved from offcuts of Buddhist images, Miharu-goma have always had superstitions attached to them. Although commonly made of painted wood, they are sometimes constructed from straw or even paper.
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The term cutting room floor is used in the film industry as a figure of speech referring to unused footage not included in the finished film. Outside of the film industry, it may refer to any creative work unused in the final product. In fact offcuts of film are retained in a special cutting room bin and numbered during the editing process in case they are required later. The phrase 'bin ends' is an alternative term.
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By 1914, the companies employed nearly 200 staff. During World War I, Peach began promoting craft work as a form of occupational therapy for wounded and disabled servicemen and donated large quantities of cane offcuts for this purpose. Identifying the growing demand for craft materials for domestic and educational purposes, Peach established Dryad Handicrafts to supply materials, instructional leaflets and designs and organise classes. By the time of his death, Dryad Handicrafts was the largest supplier of craft materials in the world.
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Bottles in different colors Mixed color glass cullet Public glass waste collection point for different colors of containers Glass recycling is the processing of waste glass into usable products. Glass that is crushed and ready to be remelted is called cullet. There are two types of cullet: internal and external. Internal cullet is composed of defective products detected and rejected by a quality control process during the industrial process of glass manufacturing, transition phases of product changes (such as thickness and colour changes) and production offcuts.
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Waste House is the first permanent public building in Europe made from waste material. Over 300 students from the University of Brighton, City College Brighton & Hove (CCB) and apprentices from housing provider Mears Group were involved in the project. The construction work was mainly undertaken by CCB students, the Mears apprentices and some volunteers, led by a project manager from Mears Group. Students learning carpentry at CCB designed the timber-framed structure and the "fine timber staircase, finished with a decorative flourish of offcuts".
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9 (1974) 266–9 Artificial light comes from four light fittings below the lantern and from fluorescent tubes in the four skylights. The special light fittings were designed by the architect, and echo the shape of the room; originally made from offcuts of the zinc roof covering, they have been reconstructed in stainless steel. Seating mainly takes the form of separate wooden chairs, but some wooden benches from earlier meeting houses have been retained. Surface finishes in the building express the Quaker testimony of simplicity.
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Though leavened, its taste and mouth-feel is heavy and very reminiscent of dough. It is heavy and dense because it has only been allowed to prove once rather than the usual twice. This indicates that its origins lie in the breads used to 'test' ovens, and that it may be related to similar breads baked elsewhere in Europe for the same reason. Anecdotal evidence also suggests that some stotties were made with the offcuts of dough when all of the required loaves had been baked.
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Jarrah has become more highly prized, and supports an industry that recycles it from demolished houses. Even so, in 2004, old recycled jarrah was routinely advertised in Perth papers for under $1.50 per metre. Larger pieces of the timber were produced in the early history of the industry, from trees of great age, and these are also recovered from the demolition of older buildings. Offcuts and millends, dead and fire-affected jarrah also sell as firewood for those using wood for heating in Perth, and loads can (as of winter 2005) exceed $160 per load.
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Work started at the Hyde Park end and progressed along South Head Road, now Oxford Street, turning west of that road at Dowling Street, then across the west corner of Victoria Barracks to Moore Park Road. The route traversed several springs and low lying basins which drained into the bore. Thus by 1830, with the tunnel well short of the Lachlan Swamp, a pipe at Hyde Park began to supply pure, filtered water and the supply increased with the length of the bore. Offcuts from the tunnel also trapped sources of ground water.
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The clog blocks were then generally stacked up in open pyramids to allow the air to circulate and seasoned for a few months. The offcuts and waste was sold on, either as pea-sticks and firewood to provide money for food or else as fuel to the wool dyeing trade. The seasoned wood was sold on to the master clogger who would finish the work on the now dry, seasoned wood. The same stock knives were used for shaping with two more pivot knives, the hollower and the gripper bit.
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His uncle had a home in the suburb of Tafara, and Benhura went to live there at the age of ten; he lived with his cousin Tapfuma Gutsa, already a well-known sculptor. Benhura began polishing his cousin's sculptures, but soon began carving himself, making small offcuts before moving onto large stone. He sold his first piece at twelve. Despite having no formal training, Benhura turned to sculpting full-time upon the finish of his schooling, showing his work at the Chapungu Sculpture Park for the first time in 1987.
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A flint axe was a Flint tool used during prehistoric times to perform a variety of tasks. These were at first just a cut piece of flint stone used as a hand axe but later wooden handles were attached to these axe heads. The stone exhibits a glass-like fracture similar to obsidian, and can be knapped to form large blades. The offcuts were sharp enough to be used a small flint knives, while the larger parts of a knapped nodule could be polished to form an axe-head.
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O'Nolan composed the novel on an Underwood portable typewriter in the bedroom he shared with his younger brother Micheál. The typewriter rested on a table constructed by O'Nolan from the offcuts of a modified trellis that had stood in the O'Nolan family's back garden. O'Brien's biographer believes that it was the unusual material that the writing table was made of that inspired the name of the character "Dermot Trellis",No reference added here. Seems like it is a speculative paragraph although there is no reference to where this information was found.
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On 12 April 2014 they performed their last concert for the reunion series at the Palais Theatre in St. Kilda. The band subsequently won the 2014 Helpmann Award for Best Australian Contemporary Concert. In November 2017, Cut, the band's 7th album was given a 25th anniversary release with a bonus disc of "offcuts", "precuts" and "postcuts". The band were scheduled to reunite again to headline the Red Hot Summer Tour across Australia in early 2020, accompanied by James Reyne, The Living End, The Angels, Baby Animals, Killing Heidi and Boom Crash Opera.
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In New Zealand, the best way to control the lemon tree borer is through preventive and curative methods. To reduce infestations, plants affected need to be regularly pruned, with the offcuts removed and burned. However, this shouldn’t be done when females are laying eggs as it will create more suitable places for larva to infect, so painting the ends of trimmed branches can be used to discourage reinfection. Another thing that can make Oemona hirta more difficult to remove it that larvae can continue maturing to adulthood in pruned twigs/branches on the ground.
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During this time, Mrs Gordon, a nearby farm resident and wife of Leeton poet, Jim Gordon ("Jim Grahame") had the only phone in the area, and would often convey messages to the Wattle Hill families of losses of these young people serving. At the top of the hill was the former site for an open waste metal dump from the Leeton Cannery. This was a play area for local kids, with old "tin lids" from large cans serving as "frisbees". Local farmers would gather the shiny offcuts from the cannery to drape on fruit trees to repel birds.
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Sims Metal Management buys ferrous metal from metal dealers, peddlers, auto wreckers, demolition firms and others who generate obsolete metal and from manufacturers who generate industrial metal. Ferrous metal is processed for resale using a variety of methods, including sorting, shredding, cutting, torching, baling or breaking. After processing, ferrous recycled metal is sold to end users such as EAF mills, integrated steel mill, foundaires and brokers.Sims Metal Management Scrap Ferrous Metal Sims sources non-ferrous metals from manufacturers, known as production offcuts, and from generators of electricity, telecommunication service providers and others who generate obsolete metal.
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South Africa-based design company Dokter & Misses develop interior solutions for private and corporate clients as well as educational institutions all over the world, including MTV, Nike, and the University of Johannesburg, and continue to support and promote South African design. The wooden Djembe Side Table; inspired by the West African djembe drum. Hand-carved in Ghana from locally sourced wood offcuts, designed by Tekura; 2000-present. Paying homage to his cultural ties, Hamed Ouattara's designs highlight Burkina Faso's artisanal metal-working heritage and address a modern global audience, including international galleries and important collectors, through African innovation.
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Lineup: Regurgitator, Dallas Crane, Magic Dirt, The Butterfly Effect, Resin Dogs, Cog, Dexter presents The Shook Daily Crew, The Casanovas, Nubreed, 2 Dogs, Bliss n Eso, Offcuts, Baggsmen, Antiskeptic, True Live, The Red Eyes, Ben Quin, The Format, Willow, Small Mercies, The Gravy Train and more. Originally held on 31 December as a one-day festival, it was organised by local Phillip Island resident, Angus Cameron, and his two cousins. They had approached the Bass Coast Shire council with the proposal which took two years to develop. Cameron recalled that they had underestimated the cost of establishing the festival.
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The chemicals were to be a by- product of the production—via destructive distillation of wood, in externally- heated closed retorts—of charcoal to be used in a blast furnace for making iron. The production of these chemicals was intended to enhance the commercial viability of the iron-making operation. The wood would come from the jarrah forests in the area, and any wood suitable for use as timber would be processed as sawn timber, to further enhance the commercial viability; wood for the retorts would mainly consist of offcuts and waste wood from the sawmilling operations. Work at the site was under way by November 1944.
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Waste House, a conceptual sustainable building within the University of Brighton Faculty of Arts campus in central Brighton, was built between 2012 and 2014. Nearly 90% of its materials—from the timber-framed structure (made of reclaimed wood from building sites) and exterior walls formed of waste chalk and clay to the household-rubbish insulation (VHS cassettes, toothbrushes and denim offcuts)—were destined for landfill. The project, which has won several architectural awards, attempts to show how unwanted materials can be used to create a viable and energy-efficient building. Concrete and steel framing became common in the 20th century: examples include the new Hove Town Hall, Brighton's police station and courthouse, and the original Churchill Square shopping centre.
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Recently deceased in April 2015 while preparing for his show in London, Babacar Niang, founder of Nulangee Studio in Senegal, sculpted furniture out of local, discarded wood that was sourced by the community kids and adults he employed. The Ndebele Woven Pendant Lighting, color wax cord wrapped around natural birch wood. Inspired by the African jewelry worn by Ndebele women in Zimbabwe and northeastern South Africa; created and built in South Africa by designer Candice Lawrence. Tekura Designs’ djembe side table, sustainably made from wood offcuts in Ghana's forests, draws inspiration from the West African djembe drum. Nigerian architect and designer Tosin Oshinowo’s furniture brand Ilé Ilà produces furniture inspired by Yoruba culture.
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Under the plan, it will rise to 15-20% by 2036, and additional hydro will be imported from the Xayaburi Dam on the Mekong River and from the Hat Gyi and Mong Ton dams in Myanmar. While these sources may look clean on Thailand's balance sheets, the devastating environmental impacts to locals are simply outsourced. Many have asked why Thailand pursues a few very large coal power plants when it could be adopting safer, possibly cheaper routes, such as biomass reactors, like the 40 MWe plant operated by Double A in Prachinburi using wood and offcuts. The answer may lie in the fact that large, centralised mega-projects benefit the centralised system of project approval.
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Stone paper has a density range of 1.0-1.6g/cm3, which is equal to, or slightly higher than, ordinary paper and a texture somewhat like that of the outer membrane of a boiled egg. It may be recycled with Number 2 plastics or remade into rich mineral paper again, and is not biodegradable but is photo- degradable under suitable conditions.Chu and Nel, "Characterisation and deterioration of stone papers", AICCM Bulletin, vol 40.1, 2019 Because it is not made from wood fibers, stone paper possesses a smoother surface than most traditional paper products, eliminating the need for a coating or lamination. The source of the calcium carbonate is waste material collected from marble quarries and offcuts which are ground and reduced to fine white calcium carbonate powder.
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115,000 to 120,000 tonnes of wood are burned in the station per year, providing electricity for up to 20,000 homes through the National Grid. The plant is one of the first in the UK to burn domestic waste wood to provide electricity for the National Grid, rather than for an industrial site. It is the first of a number of similar sites which Dalkia are planning in the UK. The feedstock for the plant is wood which has reached the end of its useful life such as old shipping pallets, manufacturing offcuts, wood from the construction and demolition industries, and material from civic amenity sites. This wood is collected through a network set up by Dalkia The fuel would other wise be sent to landfill.
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The brothers would take the remnants home, make rough repairs and then return to the water to try out their rejuvenated boards. It was during this time that the Peterson boys discovered another advantage of surf club membership; weekend surfers from Brisbane would leave their boards at the club during the week, enabling the brothers to choose from a wide selection of items for their own unpermitted use. In September 1967, around the time of Peterson's 15th birthday, the family moved to units in Tweed St, Coolangatta, and the boys set up a board shaping bay underneath. On the premise that surfboards would be less expensive to make than buy, the brothers sought out resin and fibreglass offcuts from local factories.
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Due to the rapid increase in popularity since 2005, pellet availability and cost may be an issue. This is an important consideration when buying a pellet stove, furnace, pellet baskets or other devices known in the industry as Bradley Burners. However, current pellet production is increasing and there are plans to bring several new pellet mills online in the US in 2008–2009. The cost of the pellets can be affected by the building cycle leading to fluctuations in the supply of sawdust and offcuts. Per the New Hampshire Office of Energy and Planning release on Fuel Prices updated on 5 Oct 2015, the cost of #2 Fuel Oil delivered can be compared to the cost of Bulk Delivered Wood Fuel Pellets using their BTU equivalent: 1 ton pellets = 118.97 gallon of #2 Fuel Oil.
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Jerkins made in Canada were dark brown with black wool linings and differed in general appearance from the British jerkins.canadiansoldiers.com The jerkins from the Second World War had bakelite buttons instead of the brass or brown leather of the originals, and were each unique in that they were finished around the bottom edges with offcuts in a bid to eliminate waste. (It has been suggested that many of the World War II jerkins were made up from leather left over from the Irvin flying jackets also in production in the UK - however, the flying jackets were made of sheepskin so this may not be the case). Jerkins remained warm and comfortable garments to wear whilst fighting, working or driving, and came to characterise the British forces as a preferred alternative to the heavy greatcoats that other armies persisted with.
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Salvatori was founded in 1946 in Querceta, Tuscany, close to the Carrara marble quarries. In 1950 the founder Guido Salvatori invented the “split face” finish, whereby the stone is opened up to expose the textured surface within. In the early 2000s in addition to textures the company started to also produce bathroom items such as bathtubs and basins. More recently the company has introduced its Home Collection, which began with tables and later extended into areas such as lighting, storage solutions and accessories, in order to widen its appeal. In 2010 Salvatori invented Lithoverde, the world’s first material almost solely made from recycled natural stone. Lithoverde is 99% composed of offcuts of marble (Bianco Carrara or Gris du Marais) or limestone (Crema d’Orcia or Pietra d’Avola) which are bound together by a natural resin (the remaining 1%).
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Born in Thlabine, near Lenyenye (about 20 km west of Tzaneen), Maponya, at the age of 24,zwtetete Up from apartheid, Soweto millionaire a role model - AP then a teacher, took a job as a stock taker at a clothing maker and subsequently won a promotion for both himself and his white manager. In gratitude, the manager sold Maponya soiled clothing and offcuts, which he resold in Soweto. With the capital acquired he attempted to open a clothing retailer in Soweto, but was blocked by the government's refusal to grant him a licence—–despite intervention by the law firm created by Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela. Instead, in the early 1950s, Maponya and his wife Marina (a cousin of Nelson Mandela) established the Dube Hygienic Dairy, which employed a fleet of boys on bicycles to deliver milk to customers in Soweto who had no access to electricity or refrigeration.
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It was no coincidence that on 24 August 1456 the printing of the Gutenberg Bible was completed, perhaps triggering the very first wayzgoose party at Fust–Schöffer shop in Mainz. The holiday, a break in printing, was traditionally also the day that papermakers took a break from making paper for the printers, and used up the last of the pulp to make paper for windows, waxed paper being the traditional window material for the yeoman class before the use of glass became more widespread, and after this was done, the pulp vats would be cleaned out for the new fibre, made from rags collected in the spring, and retted (prepared by rotting) over the summer. The paper windows were fitted on St. Martin's Day (11 November). Just as the saint had supposedly cut his cloak in half to share with a beggar during a snowstorm, so yeoman farmers would give offcuts of the windows to the poor, to help them keep warm during the coming winter.
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The insulation materials are revealed in various places by "little peephole windows" (transparent panels in the walls): as well as some secondhand conventional (polyurethane) insulation material, there are floppy disks, 4,000 VHS cassettes, 4,000 DVD and video cases, two tonnes of denim offcuts from pairs of jeans and denim jackets, cycle inner tubes to insulate windows, and 20,000 toothbrushes. The cassettes and other media came from the stock of rental shops which were closing down; an aeroplane cleaning company at nearby Gatwick Airport donated most of the toothbrushes, which were provided to First and Business Class passengers and discarded after one use, and some others were provided by Brighton schoolchildren; and the denim came from textile traders (in particular, one company which turned imported jeans into denim shorts by cutting off the legs). Many materials were obtained on the Freegle website—a free reuse and recycling service developed from The Freecycle Network. These include the clay tiles on the roof, the kitchen and some of the insulation material.
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At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received a score of 79 out of 100 based on seven reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Ali Shutler from NME described the album as "easily one of the best pop records of the year so far", and goes on to praise specific qualities of the album: "'Dedicated Side B' provides a joyous burst of escapism from the miserable everyday, the lockdown ying to the yang of Charli XCX's How I'm Feeling Now. Consistently brilliant, Side B might be a collection of offcuts but this is the sort of record that most acts could only dream of making". Natalia Barr of Consequence of Sound praised "how focused Jepsen's writing process has been on every emotion and experience love brings", while noting that "Songs like the ’80s bass-heavy, ABBA-inspired 'Summer Love' and soft ballad 'Heartbeat' could have been beneficial additions to Dedicated". Stereogum’s Chris DeVille wrote that "track for track [the songs are] at least as good as the original Dedicated offerings, if not better" as they "hang together much more naturally".
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Where the claim to be paper-efficient fails is a consequence of paper manufacturers normally making paper available in rectangular sheets, because the largest size of envelope that can be realised by cutting out a diamond or any other shape which yields an envelope with symmetrical flaps is smaller than the largest that can be made from that sheet simply by folding. Envelope with advertising from 1905 used in the U.S. The folded diamond-shaped sheet (or "blank") was in use at the beginning of the 19th century as a novelty wrapper for invitations and letters among the proportion of the population that had the time to sit and cut them out and were affluent enough not to bother about the waste offcuts. Their use first became widespread in the UK when the British government took monopoly control of postal services and tasked Rowland Hill with its introduction. The new service was launched in May 1840 with a postage-paid machine-printed illustrated (or pictorial) version of the wrapper and the much-celebrated first adhesive postage stamp, the Penny Black, for the production of which the Jacob Perkins printing process was used to deter counterfeiting and forgery.
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