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The research, authored by Daran Zheng and Bo Wang of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, named this new species of Cretaceous odonate Yijenplatycnemis huangi (not to be confused with the oddball herbivore dinosaur known as Yunnanosaurus huangi).
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Megalagrion oahuense is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is endemic to Hawaii. It is the only known species of odonate with terrestrial larvae.
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The largest living odonate is the giant Central American helicopter damselfly Megaloprepus coerulatus (Zygoptera: Pseudostigmatidae) with a wing span of 191 mm. The heaviest living odonates are Tetracanthagyna plagiata (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) with a wing span of 165 mm, and Petalura ingentissima (Anisoptera: Petaluridae) with a body length of 117 mm (some sources 125 mm) and wing span of 160 mm. The longest extant odonate is the Neotropical helicopter damselfly Mecistogaster linearis (Zygoptera: Pseudostigmatidae) with a body length of 135 mm. Sometimes the giant Hawaiian darner Anax strenuus (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) is claimed to be the largest living odonate with an alleged wing span of 190 mm, but this seems to be a myth as only 152 mm wing spans are scientifically documented.
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The largest living species of odonate (the order that includes dragonflies and damselflies) is Megaloprepus caerulatus, attaining a size of as much as across the wings and a body length of over .
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Fincke, "Use of Forest", 105-108. The naiads are top predators in their aquatic habitats, feeding on the larvae of mosquitoes and other flies, tadpoles, and the naiads of their own and other odonate species.
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Austrolestes colensonis (), commonly known as the blue damselfly, is a species of damselfly of the family Lestidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and can commonly be found throughout the country, and at any time of the year. It is New Zealand's largest damselfly, and only blue odonate.
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Somatochlora uchidai is a species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It is native to Japan, China and Russia. It was described in 1909 by German entomologist Friedrich Förster based on specimens from Japan; the name uchidai refers to the Japanese odonate researcher Uchidas from whom Förster received the specimens.
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Many common Insects of the Eastern United States can be found in West Virginia. The state's beetle number about 15 species with more than 70 species of Odonate, some 18 species of spiders and a dozen species of Stonefly. There are about 17 Moth species. There are a little over seven dozen Cave invertebrate species.
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Fincke, "Population Ecology", 392, 403. As with other damselflies, the young—known as naiads, nymphs, or larvae—are carnivorous. The most ubiquitous prey in the tree holes they inhabit are mosquito larvae, but they will also feed on tadpoles, syrphid fly and chironomid fly larvae, and other odonate (dragonfly and damselfly) naiads.Fincke, "Population Ecology", 393.
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Odonate species inhabiting the area in the vicinity of Lily Lake include Aeshna clepsydra, Celithemis eponina, Libellula incesta, Ischnura kellicotti, and Sympetrum semicinctum. Plant species in the vicinity of the lake include Bidens discoidea, Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Schoenoplectus torreyi, and Utricularia intermedia. Species such as Elatine minima and Potamogeton robbinsii have also been observed near the lake in the past.
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Peter Northcott mentioned 1860-2380m in 1988 but Stephen Butler discovered larvae on Shivapuri at 1800m. Venation of E. superstes The larvae grow for five to six years, which is believed to be the longest for any odonate. Specimens may emerge after nine years in many cases. Stephen Butler notes that the larvae stridulate when disturbed.
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These insects later transform into reproductive adults. Odonates can act as bioindicators of water quality in rivers because they rely on high quality water for proper development in early life. Since their diet consists entirely of insects, odonate density is directly proportional to the population of prey, and their abundance indicates the abundance of prey in the examined ecosystem.Golfieri, B., Hardersen, S., Maiolini, B., & Surian, N. (2016).
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The Zygoptera are an ancient group, with fossils known from the lower Permian, at least 250 million years ago. All the fossils of that age are of adults, similar in structure to modern damselflies, so it is not known whether their larvae were aquatic at that time. The earliest larval odonate fossils are from the Mesozoic. Fossils of damselfly-like Protozygoptera date back further to 311–30 Mya.
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One study of the gut contents of wild-caught bantam sunfish revealed a diverse diet dominated by gastropods, odonate larvae, and micro-crustaceans. Bantam sunfish individuals of less than 21mm in length fed primarily upon aquatic Hemiptera, micro-crustaceans, and chironomids, while individuals of more than 40 mm in length commonly ate gastropods, amphipods, and larger dipteran larvae. Bantam sunfish of all size classes regularly consumed dragonfly larvae. The bantam sunfish has no known predators.
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The set of shared derived characters listed in the description section above demonstrate that Stenophlebiidae is clearly a monophyletic group (clade). Before the advent of cladistic classification Stenophebiidae was classified within the odonate suborder Anisozyoptera, which was later recognized to be a paraphyletic grade. In modern classifications the taxon Anisozygoptera is therefore either abandoned or restricted to the Recent relict family Epiophlebiidae. Bechly (1996) established a new suborder Stenophlebioptera for Stenophlebiidae and its closest relatives.
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They are found in shallow water zones also and feed on Cichlids (Nandopsis haitiensis). They remain mostly at the bottom of the lake and during bird nesting season they are found around a heron rookery to catch falling eggs of birds. Their foraging techniques vary from an active to a passive mode and they forage on non-aquatic invertebrates and also odonate larvae. Birds and fish (Cichilidae) are the common items of their diet.
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Larger stream fish are more likely to inhabit areas that either maximize energy gain or minimize energy expenditure. Similarly, darter body size is positively correlated with prey size and diet breadth. Adult dusky darters prey on ephemeropteran, plecopteran and odonate nymphs, as well as trichopteran and dipteran larvae. Generally, prey size increases when darter size increases, but small darters tend to have better diets than large darters because of better positioning in relation to the prey-size spectrum.
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Odonates as indicators of the ecological integrity of the river corridor: Development and application of the Odonate River Index (ORI) in northern Italy. Ecological Indicators, 61, 234-247. Species richness of vascular plants has also been positively correlated with the species richness of dragonflies in a given habitat. This means that in a location such as a lake, if one finds a wide variety of odonates, then a similarly wide variety of plants should also be present.
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The species has been collected in small streams along the Loa River at about above sea level. The streams are bordered by Baccharis glutinosa and Tessaria absinthioides and are located in a high desert environment. Stomach contents of two adult specimens revealed a diet consisting of odonate larvae, snails of genus Littoridina, and amphipods (Hyalella gracilicornis); the last were the dominant group. Beetles from families Dytiscidae and Elmidae were present in the habitat but not identified in the stomach contents.
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Fabricius coined the term Odonata from the Ancient Greek (Ionic form of ) 'tooth' apparently because they have teeth on their mandibles, even though most insects also have toothed mandibles. The word dragonfly is also sometimes used to refer to all Odonata, but odonate is a more correct English name for the group as a whole. Odonata enthusiasts avoid ambiguity by using the term true dragonfly, or simply anisopteran, when referring to just the Anisoptera. The term Warriorfly has also been proposed.
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As many as 13 females may oviposit in a single large tree hole, laying up to 250 eggs each, but the numbers of naiads are reduced by cannibalism. Even when there is a high concentration of other prey, Megaloprepus naiads still kill each other until a density of one naiad per 1-2 liters of water is reached.Fincke, "Population Regulation", 118, 124. They are not territorial, but larger individuals displace smaller ones; their aggressive behavior includes raising and swinging the caudal lamellae and striking with the labium, the hinged, extensible lower "lip" that odonate naiads use to catch prey.
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The structure of the apparatus in Tarsophlebiidae is suggestive of an intermediate state between protodonates and modern odonates. An exceptionally well-preserved male specimen of Namurotypus sippeli showed that protodonate Meganisoptera completely lacked a secondary genital apparatus on abdominal segments 2 and 3 and still had primary genitalia on segment 9 that strongly resemble those of wingless silverfish, who do not copulate but deposit external spermatophores. Only on the basis of such a mating behaviour is the evolution of the odonate secondary copulation conceivable at all. A first step probably was the attachment of a spermatophore to the basal sternites of the male abdomen instead of a deposition on substrate.
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The most diverse groups of invertebrates are butterflies (Lepidoptera) with 34 species of which three are endemic, and arachnids, with 30 species of which six are endemic. Regarding sub-groups, the 188 species of invertebrates found in the NEC can be divided as follows: sponges: 1, cnidaria: 12, molluscs: 9, annelids: 1, arachnids: 30, crustaceans: 18, millipedes: 6, odonate: 8, cockroaches: 5, termites: 1, Orthoptera: 5, stick insects: 2, true bugs: 11, beetles: 9, Hymenoptera: 18, flies: 15, butterflies and moths: 34, mayflies: 1, Echinoderms: 2. Most fish in the NEC have commercial and recreational value as the mangroves act as nurseries for juvenile fish. This group has 36 native species of which four are freshwater and 32 marine.
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In some of the Hymenoptera a basal subdivision of the femur simulates a second trochanter, but the insertion of the reductor muscle on its base attests that it belongs to the femoral segment, since as shown in the odonate leg, the reductor has its origin in the true second trochanter. The femur is the third segment of the insect leg, is usually the longest and strongest part of the limb, but it varies in size from the huge hind femur of leaping Orthoptera to a very small segment such as is present in many larval forms. The volume of the femur is generally correlated with the size of the tibial muscles contained within it, but it is sometimes enlarged and modified in shape for other purposes than that of accommodating the tibial muscles. The tibia is characteristically a slender segment in adult insects, only a little shorter than the femur or the combined femur and trochanter.
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