Wages are not robust, but it's above their long-term average.
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Similarly, traditional polling is not robust to violations of the underlying assumptions.
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John McCain, an Arizona Republican, criticized the defense numbers as not robust enough.
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The PMIs today were not robust but certainly better than expected, Franulovich said.
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The supply chain is not robust which means manufacturers need to rely on importing components.
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So it is hardly surprising that Kenya's constitution is not robust enough to stem corruption.
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Wind and solar are not robust without massive battery installations and their attendant environmental risks.
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The overall economy has been decent but not robust enough to explain these striking outcomes.
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"It's not that the economy is on life support but it's certainly not robust," Cashin said.
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The company's internal controls were not robust enough to prevent the fraud, or even to find it.
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India is stuck in between, with a democracy that is not robust enough to force environmental-policy change.
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State support for Medicaid is not robust, especially in economic downturns, even with the "incentive" of federal matching.
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"Without this the balance sheet is not robust enough to support the operations of the group," Hughes said.
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This is a step in the right direction but is not robust enough to convey a clear message.
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Indeed, the much-ballyhooed Clinton economic "miracle" was significantly built on a credit bubble, not robust or sustainable wage growth.
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Some even now are entering bankruptcy proceedings, while others are emerging into a more favorable, if not robust, price environment.
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"Because it's not B2B and not robust enough like the Times, it was caught in this limbo," one insider said.
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Facial Detection: Previously, facial detection was not robust in corner cases like side angles, partial shading or occlusion, or babies' faces.
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However, some have said the sanctions are not robust enough, and blame China in particular for failing to curb North Korea's economy.
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The experience taught them that "NLP in general is not robust" for handling more complex commands and queries, says other co-founder Ajay Patel.
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"As I think about this marketplace, it's pretty clear to me that it's not functioning properly, that there's not robust competition there," Cicilline said.
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Two percent GDP growth for the first quarter — which the U.S. will likely get close to — is certainly not robust, but it's also nowhere near a recession.
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Judith Ganes at J Ganes Consulting said after seeing photos of the flowering taken by Reuters that it was not robust and could be lost before harvest.
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"I think deterrence is critical right now, sir, absolutely, and that requires a strong military," Mattis said, arguing that the US military is not robust enough right now.
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"There is little evidence related to the efficacy of apple cider vinegar to treat yeast infections, and the studies that are out there are not robust," Dr. Linhorst says.
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"Because dietary supplements are not regulated by the FDA, there are not robust studies done to ensure that they are efficacious or have a reliable safety profile," she said.
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There are concerns that Russian may try similar tactics during this year's midterms, though such hacking efforts are not "robust" so far, according to the Department of Homeland Security.
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Though they can be up to 80 times more massive than our solar system's giant, Jupiter, their cores are not robust enough to generate starlight through hydrogen-helium fusion.
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But there are huge caveats: Scientists essentially working with anecdotal evidence at this point, not robust clinical trials typically needed to greenlight medical advances, and the drugs aren't yet actually approved.
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"The retail sales number was not robust, giving a little bit more reason to question the direction of the economy again," said Peter Tuz, president of Chase Investment Counsel in Charlottesville, Virginia.
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"Their health care infrastructure is not robust, and to date their willingness to share information about what's really going on inside the Islamic Republic of Iran has not been robust," Pompeo said.
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Background: Some current vehicles have anti-malware systems adapted from the IT world, but those are not in wide use and are not robust enough to fully protect connected vehicles, let alone AVs.
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"The major (cost-saving) measures are good but are not robust enough for the government to create enough savings to help it meet its budget requirements," Harare-based economist Gift Mugano told Reuters.
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In addition, the power grids in London and elsewhere in Britain are not robust enough to meet the hefty demand for electricity that large numbers of trucks plugging in at once might create.
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And if you find that the online version of Office is not robust enough for your needs, Microsoft's various Office 365 subscriptions and software offer better compatibility for a monthly, annual or one-time price.
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"(It) doesn't really impact borrowing costs, and fluctuations of this level are very normal in the interbank market," he said, adding that he thought China's economy was not robust enough to handle a benchmark rate increase.
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Many of us, though, are not robust, young college students, and whether the impacts of becoming inactive, even for a short period of time, are likely to be as ephemeral for us has been less clear.
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Growth is not robust enough to generate sustained inflation that the BOJ wants, and the risk of rising protectionism could discourage Japanese exporters from raising wages, seen as key to boosting consumption and economic activity at home.
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Similar older, pointed high-rises are prime candidates for terraces, but for decades, rents in many neighborhoods were not robust enough to cover their costs, said Mr. Sealy of TF Cornerstone, who has worked in real estate since 2000.
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They argued that the genetic pool of Yellowstone sub-population was not robust enough to continue its recovery and that hunting would slow merging of the sub-population genes with northern grizzly bears, especially those in Glacier National Park.
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As the economy's old growth drivers lose momentum, the new ones are still not robust enough to substitute them, which is the biggest problem for China's economy at present, said Huang Yiping, a member of the central bank monetary policy committee.
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Sanders is more comfortable talking about a transformed world and can argue that the worries suddenly raining down on voters are proof that the American system, relying so much on private industry, was simply not robust enough to handle a major test.
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Separate data out on Wednesday showed wholesale prices rose at a slower pace in February, painting a picture of an economy that is healthy enough to continue growing but not robust enough to generate the inflation the Bank of Japan needs to overcome the country's deflationary mindset.
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In the earlier stages of a company, it's possible that policies are not rigorous enough and the guardrails on various APIs are not robust enough that this kind of information can just get out in the open without additional scrutiny, allowing firms to take advantage of those shortcomings.
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"History has demonstrated that [MOAs], which are not court-enforceable, are not robust enough to remedy longstanding problems," added Vanita Gupta, the president and CEO of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, and former head of the Civil Rights Division at the Justice Department under Obama.
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"The currency pegs in Oman and Bahrain are not robust to severe terms-of-trade shocks, and sustainability issues may become increasingly more pressing over the next 12-24 months if oil prices stay at below $60-$70 per barrel," Goldman Sachs said in a research note in late January.
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In the aftermath of the double-barrelled disasters in Indonesia, it has been reported that a network of detection devices, donated by foreign countries after the 2004 tsunami and which might have helped saved more lives, was not fully operational or not robust enough to withstand the forces of nature.
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Critics have said that the rate review process is not robust enough.
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While many studies have shown that women tend to be attracted to more masculine characteristics at high fertility, results have been mixed, and two meta-analyses have concluded that the effect is not robust.
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The pitchers themselves are unknown. Nepenthes mollis has a racemose inflorescence. The female inflorescence is unknown. The male inflorescence is densely covered with flowers and is described by Danser as "not robust" and "at last seemingly lateral".
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A parliamentary panel report tabled in parliament on 3 May declared that security cover at the airbase was not robust. It mentioned that the perimeter wall was poorly guarded and the base did not have a road around it for patrolling.
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The ATSC transmission method is not robust enough against Doppler shift and multipath radio interference in mobile environments, and is designed for highly directional fixed antennas. To overcome these issues, additional channel coding mechanisms are introduced in ATSC-M/H to protect the signal.
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Benson, p. 300 Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Helena's health was not robust, and she was addicted to the drugs opium and laudanum.Packard, pp. 269–270 However, the Queen did not believe that Helena was really ill, accusing her of hypochondria encouraged by an indulgent husband.
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His obituary in The Eugenics Review, described him as "very much a Border Scot", shy, deflecting praise with a joke, an agnostic, of strong views but personally generous. Tall at , he was, however, not robust and his extensive travels were the result of determination and an inherently roving nature.
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Its industry comprised too many small, inefficient firms.J. H. Clapham, Economic Development of France and Germany: 1815–1914 (4th ed. 1936), pp. 58–63, 235–43 20th century growth was not robust, due more to traditional social and economic attitudes than to inherent geographic, population, or resource factors.
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The good-enough approach to understanding language hypothesizes that semantic representations are usually incomplete and language processing partial. A good-enough interpretation may occur when the linguistic representation is not robust or supported by context and must cope with potentially interfering information. Thus, interfering information is inhibited for successful comprehension.
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Moses donated an acre of land to the Baptist church and built a chapel. The family grew wheat and grapes and made wine. Daniel, whose health was not robust, took little part in the farming business. He ran his architecture practice from "Uley", later sharing an office with Smith & Cullen in nearby Gawler.
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Data on the rates at which CO2 is being released into the atmosphere is not robust currently; however, research is being conducted to gather a better information to analyze trends. Loss of underground biomass (roots and rhizomes) will allow for CO2 to be emitted changing these habitats into sources rather than carbon sinks.
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The complicated valve gear was not robust enough and frequently gave trouble owing to wear and breakage. The result was that the locomotives had to be shopped at under .Soul of A Railway, System 7, Western Transvaal, based in Johannesburg, Part 21: Witbank Line by Les Pivnic, Eugene Armer, Peter Stow and Peter Micenko. Captions 6, 7.
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Using this contour it extracts the spatial and temporal information required to define the motion in the scene. Though it is a simple technique to implement it is not robust to noise. Another difficulty with these techniques is the camera movement. When the camera moves there is a change in the entire image which has to be accounted for.
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Song and Perrig identify that this is not robust enough against collisions and thus suggest using a set of independent hash functions, randomly selecting one, and then hashing the IP along with a FID or function id and then encoding this. They state that this approach essentially reduces the probability of collision to (1/(211)m). For further details see Song and Perrig.
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Generalized resource deficits will cause the coping mechanisms to fail whenever the sense of coherence is not robust to weather the current situation. This causes illness and possibly even death. However, if the sense of coherence is high, a stressor will not necessarily be harmful. But it is the balance between generalized resource deficits and resources that determines whether a factor will be pathogenic, neutral, or salutary.
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As estimated, there are more than 25,000 mango trees in Bhagwan pur toal. The economy is not robust and the village is considered one of the poorest in India. Flooding destroys enormous amounts of crops every year. Due to the absence of industry, a weak educational infrastructure, and criminal politics, the majority of the area's youth have had to relocate for education and earnings.
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When his father died Kennerley leased his land and sold his livestock, planning to return to England. He sailed with his wife for London in March 1842 and returned to Sydney in January 1845. He resumed farming at Bringelly, became a magistrate and, in trust for his wife, acquired from Rouse more property in Parramatta. Kennerley was not robust and found the climate very trying.
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Charles IX of France, after François Clouet, c. 1565. The Venetian ambassador Giovanni Michiel described Charles as "an admirable child, with fine eyes, gracious movements, though he is not robust. He favours physical exercise that is too violent for his health, for he suffers from shortness of breath". At first Catherine kept the nine-year-old king, who cried at his coronation, close to her, and slept in his chamber.
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Roth's Oriental Silverwork, Malay and Chinese, appeared in 1910 (again with Truslove and Hanson). Around this time he began publishing a long series of Bankfield Museum notes, of which 23 numbers eventually appeared. In 1916 Sketches and Reminiscences from Queensland, Russia and Elsewhere, was privately printed. His health was not robust and in August 1924 he resigned from the museum, but continued to help in its work when his health permitted.
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Recently there are attempts at handling the theory of the real numbers with functions such as exp, sin by relaxing decidability to the weaker notion of quasi-decidability. A theory is quasi-decidable if there is a procedure that decides satisfiability but that may run forever for inputs that are not robust in a certain, well-defined sense. Such a procedure exists for systems of n equations in n variables ().
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From the point of view of robust statistics, pivotal quantities are robust to changes in the parameters – indeed, independent of the parameters – but not in general robust to changes in the model, such as violations of the assumption of normality. This is fundamental to the robust critique of non-robust statistics, often derived from pivotal quantities: such statistics may be robust within the family, but are not robust outside it.
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However, it is difficult to build large physical molecules, and all-atom physical models of even simple proteins could take weeks or months to build. Moreover, physical models are not robust and they decay over time. Molecular graphics is particularly valuable for representing global and local properties of molecules, such as electrostatic potential. Graphics can also be animated to represent molecular processes and chemical reactions, a feat that is not easy to reproduce physically.
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As Mosteller and Tukey remark ( p. 207) "the average of the two extreme observations uses all the sample information. This illustrates how, for short-tailed distributions, the extreme observations should get more weight." By contrast, it follows that the median of "U-shaped" bimodal distributions with modes at the edge of the distribution (with Beta(α, β) such that ) is not robust, as the sample median drops the extreme sample observations from consideration.
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A piece of Teledeltos with conductive electrodes at each end makes a simple resistor. Its resistance is slightly sensitive to applied mechanical strain by bending or compression, but the paper substrate is not robust enough to make a reliable sensor for long-term use. A more common resistive sensor is in the form of a potentiometer. A long, thin resistor with an applied voltage may have a conductive probe slid along its surface.
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The other pilots saw that they would have to get airborne without hitting the ramp, because Hurricane undercarriages were not robust enough to use the method. Each vic assembled at about , flew along the destroyer guide and after about twenty minutes reached the coast and turned to starboard. Visibility was good and after about seventy minutes' flying, Vaenga was easy to see, as was the first Hurricane to land, which had come in wheels-up.
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He held courts at first in his own house, which had the advantage that he was constantly on the premises. He was a sound lawyer and framed the first insolvency legislation of the colony. Though not robust looking, he was hospitable and interested in the social and intellectual life of the colony. While in South Australia he had a seaside residence adjacent "The Grange", Charles Sturt's property for which Grange Beach was named.
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Seven aircraft were ordered from J. Samuel White, but when the first one delivered was tested, it was found that its weight was higher than expected, its performance was unexpectedly poor and its undercarriage was not robust enough. Based on these findings, the contract for the remaining six aircraft was cancelled. The sole example is known to have survived until 1916, probably at the Royal Naval Air Service's Seaplane Experimental Station, Felixstowe base.
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Carriage, Mark I in British service. The BEF was fully mechanised and attempted to tow the weapon behind their vehicles, but quickly found that it was not robust enough, because English troops had been issued with the hippomobile version of the cannon (designed to be towed by horses). The solution was to use the gun as a portee, that is, carried in the back of a truck. It was the first artillery piece to be used in this way.
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The sample mean and sample covariance are not robust statistics, meaning that they are sensitive to outliers. As robustness is often a desired trait, particularly in real- world applications, robust alternatives may prove desirable, notably quantile- based statistics such as the sample median for location,The World Question Center 2006: The Sample Mean, Bart Kosko and interquartile range (IQR) for dispersion. Other alternatives include trimming and Winsorising, as in the trimmed mean and the Winsorized mean.
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Bimodality may be generated by colonization-extinction metapopulation dynamics associated with a strong rescue effect. This model is appropriate to explain the range structure of a community that is influenced by metapopulation processes, such as dispersal and local extinction. However, it is not robust because the shape of the occupancy frequency distribution generated by this model is highly sensitive to species immigration and extinction parameters. The metapopulation model does also not explain scale dependence in the occupancy frequency distribution.
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Biggart had an intense, highly strung nature, and was not robust. Her close application to her profession and her studies more than once forced her to rest. She held several important positions in colleges and seminaries, and for five years, she had charge of rhetoric and elocution in the West High School, Cleveland, Ohio. A bronchial trouble sent her to Denver, Colorado, where she was instrumental in building up an institution called the Woman's Polytechnic Institute.
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Citywire Fund Manager Ratings track managers, not their funds, looking at how they've performed across all the funds they've run, wherever they've run them over the past three years. The methodology is purely quantitative, rewarding managers for superior risk-adjusted returns. The service judges fund managers on performance relative to a benchmark on the funds they run. Citywire chooses the benchmark, just in case the asset management group has chosen one it believes is not robust enough.
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The constant factor 3 in the definition of the Z-factor is motivated by the normal distribution, for which more than 99% of values occur within 3 standard deviations of the mean. If the data follow a strongly non- normal distribution, the reference points (e.g. the meaning of a negative value) may be misleading. Another issue is that the usual estimates of the mean and standard deviation are not robust; accordingly many users in the high-throughput screening community prefer "Robust Z-prime".
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However, until today, how democratic institutions affect human well-being, particularly people's health is still argued. Existing evidences are not robust or strong in providing critical insights into the significance of democratic institutions on achieving better life expectancies and reducing mortalities (Besley and Kudamatsu, 2006). Life expectancies have increased dramatically and mortalities have significant reduced over the years. Such progress has been mostly attributed to increasing income per capita (Li and Zhu, 2006), improved medical technologies and interventions (Papageorgiou et al.
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The Walther WA 2000 is a semi-automatic bullpup sniper rifle produced by the Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen company from 1982 until 1988. It was produced in three different calibers. Production of the rifle was limited and it was shortly stopped because it was too expensive to achieve widespread sales and not robust enough for military use as a sniper rifle. Only 176 were built due to its high cost, making it one of the rarest and most sought production firearms ever made.
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Different approaches to portfolio optimization measure risk differently. In addition to the traditional measure, standard deviation, or its square (variance), which are not robust risk measures, other measures include the Sortino ratio, CVaR (Conditional Value at Risk), and statistical dispersion. Investment is a forward-looking activity, and thus the covariances of returns must be forecast rather than observed. Portfolio optimization assumes the investor may have some risk aversion and the stock prices may exhibit significant differences between their historical or forecast values and what is experienced.
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The immune system then recognizes foreign agents bound to antibodies and triggers a more robust immune response. The use of antiserum is particularly effective against pathogens which are capable of evading the immune system in their unstimulated state but are not robust enough to evade the stimulated immune system. The existence of antibodies to the agent depends on an initial survivor whose immune system, by chance, discovered a counteragent to the pathogen or a host species which carries the pathogen but does not suffer from its effects.
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He found that performance decreased over time, but also found that over time the students 'remembered' the story in a manner that increasingly followed British cultural norms. Although many researchers had trouble replicating Bartlett's results, a number of researchers followed this precedent of using meaningful prose to probe false memories, leaving the more controlled method of list learning underrepresented in the literature. While a few studies had looked at false memories for word lists, their results were not robust and tended to show very small effects.
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In data sets containing real-numbered measurements, the suspected outliers are the measured values that appear to lie outside the cluster of most of the other data values. The outliers would greatly change the estimate of location if the arithmetic average were to be used as a summary statistic of location. The problem is that the arithmetic mean is very sensitive to the inclusion of any outliers; in statistical terminology, the arithmetic mean is not robust. In the presence of outliers, the statistician has two options.
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Metaplasia () is the transformation of one differentiated cell type to another differentiated cell type. The change from one type of cell to another may be part of a normal maturation process, or caused by some sort of abnormal stimulus. In simplistic terms, it is as if the original cells are not robust enough to withstand their environment, so they transform into another cell type better suited to their environment. If the stimulus causing metaplasia is removed or ceases, tissues return to their normal pattern of differentiation.
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The Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA) published a report into the incident on 9 October 2013. It found "following the rupture of her membranes, four-hourly observations including temperature, heart rate, respiration and blood pressure did not appear to have been carried out at the required intervals", noting "that though UHG [University Hospital Galway] had a guideline in place for the management of suspected sepsis and sepsis in obstetric care, the clinical governance arrangements were “not robust enough to ensure adherence to this guideline".
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DC-3 Dakotas served the domestic markets and Nicosia, Cyprus starting in March 1948. The Greek airline market in the 1940s and 50s was not robust and the Greek Civil War continued to disrupt transportation and all four airlines struggled to stay aloft. By 1950, Daedalus had gone bankrupt. Due to the financial difficulties of all three remaining carriers and to ensure that Greece maintained a Greek-flagged carrier, in 1951, the Greek government forced the merger of all three companies into TAE Greek National Airlines.
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Empirical studies mainly focus on a few parameters as being the determinants of the original sin: (i) the level of development, (ii) monetary credibility, (iii) level of debt burden, (iv) the exchange rate regime, (v) slope of the yield curve, and (vi) size of the investor base. The first determinant is level of development; measured generally with GDP per capita. Empirical studies indicate that GDP per capita is significantly correlated with original sin. However, this result is not robust to inclusion of other regressors (Hausmann and Panizza, 2003).
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Some data analysis techniques are not robust to missingness, and require to "fill in", or impute the missing data. Rubin (1987) argued that repeating imputation even a few times (5 or less) enormously improves the quality of estimation. For many practical purposes, 2 or 3 imputations capture most of the relative efficiency that could be captured with a larger number of imputations. However, a too-small number of imputations can lead to a substantial loss of statistical power, and some scholars now recommend 20 to 100 or more.
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It is a form of evolutionary robustness. The term was coined in 1942 by C. H. Waddington to capture the fact that "developmental reactions, as they occur in organisms submitted to natural selection...are adjusted so as to bring about one definite end-result regardless of minor variations in conditions during the course of the reaction". He used this word rather than robustness to take into account that biological systems are not robust in quite the same way as, for example, engineered systems. Biological robustness or canalisation comes about when developmental pathways are shaped by evolution.
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A 2016 review concluded that "current evidence from observational studies and small clinical trials is not robust enough to understand whether soy protein or isoflavone supplements may help prevent or inhibit the progression of prostate cancer." A 2010 review showed that neither soy foods nor isoflavone supplements alter measures of bioavailable testosterone or estrogen concentrations in men. Soy consumption has been shown to have no effect on the levels and quality of sperm. Meta-analyses on the association between soy consumption and prostate cancer risk in men concluded that dietary soy may lower the risk of prostate cancer.
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In their description of the newly discovered Orthrozanclus (2007), which has similarities to both Wiwaxia and the halkieriids, Conway Morris and Caron also took account of the siphogonuchitids, a group known only from isolated mineralized sclerites that resemble those of the halkieriids. They proposed the two "family trees" described above: # The halkieriids formed part of a "sister" group to the molluscs. This hypothesis implies that the halwaxiids were not monophyletic, since the siphogonuchitids appear between Wiwaxia and the halkieriids. Nevertheless, Conway Morris and Caron found that this phylogeny fitted the available data better, although it was not robust.
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Because laserdisc players of the day were not robust enough to handle the wear and tear of constant arcade use, they required frequent replacement. The laserdiscs that contained the footage were ordinary laserdiscs with nothing special about them save for the order of their chapters and, if removed from the arcade console, would play their video on standard, non-interactive laserdisc players. Later advances in technology allowed interactive movies to overlay multiple fields of FMV, called "vites", in much the same way as polygonal models and sprites are overlaid on top of backgrounds in traditional video game graphics.
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However, Protoavis is also remarkedly non-bird like in that it possess only a single exit for the trigeminal. However, these characters are not robust enough to identify Protoavis as a bird. The skull has an extremely narrow parietal with block like dorsal aspect, very broad, T-shaped frontals that form the "lateral wings" that Chatterjee applies to the lack of postorbitals. There are short curved ulnae with olecranon processes, and a possible scapula with bent shaft, and the cervicals have profiles and aspects to their exterior that are very similar to the Megalancosaurus cervical series.
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In their description of the newly discovered Orthrozanclus (2007), which has similarities to both Wiwaxia and the halkieriids, Conway Morris and Caron also took account of the siphogonuchitids, a group known only from isolated mineralized sclerites that resemble those of the halkieriids. They proposed the two "family trees" described above: # The halkieriids formed part of a "sister" group to the molluscs. This hypothesis implies that the halwaxiids were not monophyletic, since the siphogonuchitids appear between Wiwaxia and the halkieriids. Nevertheless, Conway Morris and Caron found that this phylogeny fitted the available data better, although it was not robust.
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Like many commonly used statistics, the sample statistic r is not robust, so its value can be misleading if outliers are present. Specifically, the PMCC is neither distributionally robust, nor outlier resistant (see Robust statistics#Definition). Inspection of the scatterplot between X and Y will typically reveal a situation where lack of robustness might be an issue, and in such cases it may be advisable to use a robust measure of association. Note however that while most robust estimators of association measure statistical dependence in some way, they are generally not interpretable on the same scale as the Pearson correlation coefficient.
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Pregnant women and children are typically excluded from clinical trials as vulnerable populations, though the data to support excluding them is not robust. By excluding them from clinical trials, information about the safety and effectiveness of therapies for these populations is often lacking. During the early history of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, a scientist noted that by excluding these groups from potentially life-saving treatment, they were being "protected to death". Projects such as Pregnancy Research Ethics for Vaccines, Epidemics, and New Technologies (PREVENT) have advocated for the ethical inclusion of pregnant women in vaccine trials.
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In 1936, the company built a prototype 3-wheeled articulated vehicle for the Midland Railway Company (MR), but no production vehicles were manufactured, as the MR felt it was not robust enough for their needs. The design was not wasted, however, as in 1940 Brush Electrical Engineering asked them to design a small battery tractor unit for use within their factory. The result was a scaled-down version of the Midland Railway vehicle, which Brush manufactured. Having built several for their own use, they then started selling them to other customers, and branched out into battery electric road vehicles in 1945, effectively becoming a competitor to Morrisons.
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The ceiling painted in tempera with Olympic gods, in allegory to the fine arts, and his collected items haphazardly stored. Gubernatis describes his subject matter as: > Nothing serious, nothing solid, no classical concepts, not robust, no lofty > ideas, no deep thoughts. His canvases, like the genre paintings of > Meissonier, are well-designed witticisms, smiling color, interiors full of > life and of panache, costume scenes preening with grace and trivial levity: > everything exudes the fashion of the past salons. Once you have accepted the > genre, Vinea is no doubt that the few who treat it with fertility of > imagination, careful study of detail and splendor of the palette.
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He had a sparse diet that consisted mostly of vegetables and drinking vast amounts of water, and was not robust enough to prevent the effects of being bled upon the advice of various doctors throughout his life. He was known for "vague 'startings' and 'paroxysms'", along with experiencing tremors. Richardson once wrote to a friend that "my nervous disorders will permit me to write with more impunity than to read" and that writing allowed him a "freedom he could find nowhere else". Portrait of Richardson from 1750s by Mason Chamberlin However, his condition did not stop him from continuing to release the final volumes Clarissa after November 1748.
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In robust statistics, robust regression is a form of regression analysis designed to overcome some limitations of traditional parametric and non- parametric methods. Regression analysis seeks to find the relationship between one or more independent variables and a dependent variable. Certain widely used methods of regression, such as ordinary least squares, have favourable properties if their underlying assumptions are true, but can give misleading results if those assumptions are not true; thus ordinary least squares is said to be not robust to violations of its assumptions. Robust regression methods are designed to be not overly affected by violations of assumptions by the underlying data-generating process.
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In 1425, the castle defences were strengthened and, in 1437, when the House of Sponheim became extinct on the death of John V, it was transferred by inheritance treaty into the possession of the margraves of Baden. However its defences were not robust enough to withstand a siege by Prince Elector Frederick the Victorious; in 1462 he took the castle and had it slighted. It was clearly not rebuilt in a systematic way. In 1480 Hans von Trotha, who was already the liegeman of Berwartstein Castle, was also given Grafendahn as a fief by the prince elector, and took full ownership in 1485 through purchase.
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After a brief attempt to follow his late father's profession and a failure at acting in Glasgow, he moved to London and became a music hall comedian under the name of Chump Buchanan and first appeared on the West End in September 1912 in the comic opera The Grass Widow at the Apollo Theatre. Hardship dogged him for a while before he became famous whilst on tour in 1915 in Tonight's the Night. He produced and acted in his own plays both in London and New York City. Buchanan's health was not robust, and, to his bitter regret, he was declared unfit for military service in the First World War.
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In other words, the problem is an exercise in multivariate analysis rather than the univariate approach of most of the traditional methods of estimating missing values and outliers; a multivariate model will therefore be more representative than a univariate one for predicting missing values. The Kohonen self organising map (KSOM) offers a simple and robust multivariate model for data analysis, thus providing good possibilities to estimate missing values, taking into account its relationship or correlation with other pertinent variables in the data record. Standard Kalman filters are not robust to outliers. To this end have recently shown that a modification of Masreliez's theorem can deal with outliers.
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Diagram showing the arrangement of the boat lifts Green's use of boat lifts was innovative. The idea was not new, as he acknowledged in an article describing the lifts which he published in TransactionsTransactions of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Volume 2, 1838 in 1838, having been suggested in principle by a Dr James Anderson of Edinburgh in 1796. Robert Weldon had tried to build one on the Somersetshire Coal Canal in 1798, which was replaced by an inclined plane after persistent failures. One was built at Ruabon on the Ellesmere Canal in 1796, but was replaced as it was not robust enough for regular use.
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In such cases, MW could have more than alpha level power in rejecting the Null hypothesis but attributing the interpretation of difference in means to such a result would be incorrect. In the presence of an outlier, the t-test is not robust. For example, for two independent samples when the data distributions are asymmetric (that is, the distributions are skewed) or the distributions have large tails, then the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (also known as the Mann–Whitney U test) can have three to four times higher power than the t-test. The nonparametric counterpart to the paired samples t-test is the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples.
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In August 2005, in Sydney, Australia a speed camera photograph was challenged on the basis that an MD5 cryptographic hash function used to protect the digital photograph from tampering was not robust enough to guarantee that it had not been altered. Magistrate Lawrence Lawson demanded that the Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) produce an expert witness who could prove the photographs were tamper-proof, but the RTA was unable to provide such evidence. The defendant was acquitted and awarded court costs. In June 2011, the New South Wales (NSW) government was reported to have raised million over the previous five years from speed cameras.
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Three collected and preserved specimens of I. periglenes were found to be negative for B. dendrobatidis. There is a possibility that the B. dendrobatidis was too damaged to detect, but even with this data, there is not enough to prove that climate change had a significant enough impact on the growth and spreading of the deadly fungus. It is possible that either the testing methods were not robust enough to detect the nascent infection, or that the specimens were too damaged to be tested. The more likely explanation is that the specimens were collected prior to the presumptive emergence and documentation of B. dendrobatidis in Monteverde.
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Estlin's health was not robust, and in 1832 he visited the island of St. Vincent, where the warm climate restored him. He obtained and circulated in 1838 a fresh supply of vaccine lymph from cows near Berkeley, Gloucestershire, the place where Edward Jenner had originally discovered the effectiveness of vaccination in preventing smallpox. Estlin rendered other public services in regard to temperance, the abolition of slavery, the education of the poor, the maintenance of religious toleration, and the suppression of medical impostures. Estlin was a Unitarian with definite theological opinions, and wrote in favour of the Christian miracles and On Prayer and Divine Aid, 1825.
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Without access to flash memory the reboot cycle was broken. On January 24, 2004 (sol ) the rover repair team announced that the problem was with Spirit's flash memory and the software that wrote to it. The flash hardware was believed to be working correctly but the file management module in the software was "not robust enough" for the operations the Spirit was engaged in when the problem occurred, indicating that the problem was caused by a software bug as opposed to faulty hardware. NASA engineers finally came to the conclusion that there were too many files on the file system, which was a relatively minor problem.
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However, as gradient magnitudes are used for estimation of relative penalty weights between the data fidelity and regularization terms, this method is not robust to noise and artifacts and accurate enough for CS image/signal reconstruction and, therefore, fails to preserve smaller structures. Recent progress on this problem involves using an iteratively directional TV refinement for CS reconstruction. This method would have 2 stages: the first stage would estimate and refine the initial orientation field – which is defined as a noisy point-wise initial estimate, through edge-detection, of the given image. In the second stage, the CS reconstruction model is presented by utilizing directional TV regularizer.
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The old aircraft carrier Argus (launched in 1917) took part in Operation Strength (30 August – 14 September) with the heavy cruiser and the destroyers , and , protected by the Dervish covering force. Strength ferried pilots, their 24 Hurricanes and other personnel of 151 Wing RAF to Russia; the Hurricanes were flown off Argus direct to Vaenga airfield, near Murmansk. The ships reached the flying-off point safely due to the scarcity of reconnaissance aircraft in the region. Normal naval aircraft used a ramp at the end of the flight deck to help get into the air but the Hurricane undercarriage turned out to be not robust enough and the first two Hurricanes to take-off were damaged.
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The Johns Hopkins University Press However, these features are now thought to be ancestral for lissamphibians and not indicative of close relationships between the two groups. One of the things that made them different from salamanders was that their skin was embedded with bony, fish like scales.Wesserpeton evansae: making 'albanerpetontid' a household name Albanerpetontids are now recognized as a distinct clade of lissamphibians separate from the three living orders of amphibians – Anura (frogs), Caudata (salamanders), and Gymnophiona (caecilians). Most studies show them as more closely related to frogs and salamanders than to caecilians, but bootstrap and Bayesian analyses show that this result is not robust and that they could also be sister-group of the Lissamphibia.
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Flying doctor The Guardian, 10 May 2003 At the time, e-med's instant popularity (with six hundred patients signed up in the first month) was criticisedPatients flock to net doctors BBC, 25 May 2000 by the medical establishment, including the BMA (British Medical Association). Dr Paul Cundy, a member of the BMA's IT committee, argued: "When it comes to online consultation or diagnosis, then I think the internet is simply not robust enough. There are no regulations to protect patients and they are completely and utterly at the mercy of internet doctors."BBC, Patients flock to net doctors In 2011, e-med had logged over one million consultations and was serving 500,000 patients worldwide annually.
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Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia, the Russian Empire and the Austrian Empire which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves, changing the landscape of Central Europeand politics for the next hundred years. European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued. Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the French and Indian War in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India, especially Bengal. However, Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution and Indian wars.
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As a result of the human rights reports of misconduct in Uzbekistan, several companies such as H&M;, Tesco, IKEA, Adidas and Marks & Spencer have detached themselves and have proclaimed that they are doing all they can to avoid and boycott the use of Uzbekistani cotton in their products. Josefin Thorell, a spokeswoman for IKEA said "We do all we can to ensure that Uzbek cotton is not used in our products, but the traceability process for the cotton industry is not robust. In the case of, for example, Bangladesh, where much of the cotton used in manufacturing is traditionally from Uzbekistan, IKEA suppliers are required to buy from India." In October 2014 Tesco signed the Responsible Sourcing Network's pledge not to source cotton from Uzbekistan.
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A pivotal quantity is a function of data, whose underlying population distribution is a member of a parametric family, that is not dependent on the values of the parameters. An ancillary statistic is such a function that is also a statistic, meaning that it is computed in terms of the data alone. Such functions are robust to parameters in the sense that they are independent of the values of the parameters, but not robust to the model in the sense that they assume an underlying model (parametric family), and in fact such functions are often very sensitive to violations of the model assumptions. Thus test statistics, frequently constructed in terms of these to not be sensitive to assumptions about parameters, are still very sensitive to model assumptions.
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In his 1995 paper titled "Rationalist Explanations of War", James Fearon examines the five, predominant rationalist explanations for war and aims to evaluate their theoretical strength and empirical plausibility. He concludes that the first three rationalist explanations of warfare are not robust explanations within the rationalist framework because they do not explain away the fact that states can still reach a negotiated bargain in those cases. In all of the first three explanations, negotiation is still a more rational course of action than war. Fearon concludes that asymmetric information and commitment problems are the two sufficient explanations for why rational actors might choose to wage war because they appropriately explain why an actor's most rational choice is to fight instead of negotiate.
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In fact, railway vehicles are not contained by the flanges of the wheels except in very sharp curves, and in normal running the steering effect due to the conicity of the wheels is dominant. In reducing the track gauge, the effective conicity is increased – worsened – and the tendency of the wagons to yaw and roll was increased. Many derailments took place on relatively new continuously welded rail track, and often such a derailment destroyed about a mile of the new track, as the freight train might take that distance to stop; the concrete sleepers were not robust under a derailed wagon's wheels. The effect reduced as the wagon fleet was modernised (and other effects took first place) and the track gauge for new track was quietly restored to .
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While cautioning that the findings relating to "murder are not robust if New York and the District of Columbia are included," Wolpaw Reyes concluded: "Overall, the phase-out of lead and the legalization of abortion appear to have been responsible for significant reductions in violent crime rates." She additionally speculated that by "2020, all adults in their 20s and 30s will have grown up without any direct exposure to gasoline lead during childhood, and their crime rates could be correspondingly lower." According to Reyes, "Childhood lead exposure increases the likelihood of behavioral and cognitive traits such as impulsivity, aggressivity, and low IQ that are strongly associated with criminal behavior".Brazilian-German economist Achim Steiner, speaking as then head of the U.N. Environment Programme, described anti-lead efforts as a key sustainable development success.
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Some studies have shown that humans tend to form long-term partnerships with individuals who have more dissimilar MHC, and find the scent of MHC-dissimilar individuals more attractive, especially at high fertility. However, other studies have found little or no effect of MHC on mate preferences, and some have even shown a reverse effect, that people prefer partners with more similar MHC to their own. Several reviews and one meta-analysis on the human and primate literature regarding MHC have concluded that the effects of MHC similarity on attraction are not robust, but that humans are reliably attracted to individuals with more heterozygous, or diverse, MHC genotypes, regardless of whether they are similar to their own. However, it is unclear whether attraction to MHC heterozygosity changes across the ovulatory cycle.
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CDC NOS batch file to get the file STARTRK and output it to the card punch From the late 1960s onwards, interactive computing such as via text-based computer terminal interfaces (as in Unix shells or read-eval- print loops), and later graphical user interfaces became common. Non- interactive computation, both one-off jobs such as compilation, and processing of multiple items in batches, became retrospectively referred to as batch processing, and the term batch job (in early use often "batch of jobs") became common. Early use is particularly found at the University of Michigan, around the Michigan Terminal System (MTS). Although timesharing did exist, its use was not robust enough for corporate data processing; none of this was related to the earlier unit record equipment, which was human-operated.
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However, the authors caution that "the limited number of studies performed to date, combined with methodological flaws in many of the studies, prompts caution in interpreting the results of the meta-analysis performed". Similarly, a second review of dry needling found insufficient high-quality evidence for the use of direct dry needling for short and long-term pain and disability reduction in patients with musculoskeletal pain syndromes. The same review reported that robust evidence validating the clinical diagnostic criteria for trigger point identification or diagnosis is lacking and that high-quality studies demonstrate that manual examination for the identification and localization of a trigger point is neither valid nor reliable between-examiners. Three more recent reviews reached similar conclusions: little evidence supporting the use of trigger point dry needling to treat upper shoulder pain and dysfunction, evidence not robust enough to draw a clear conclusion about safety and efficacy, and that dry needling for the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome in the lower back appeared to be a useful addition to standard therapies, but stated clear recommendations could not be made because the published studies were small and of low quality.
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A limitation of Pareto Q–Q plots is that they behave poorly when the tail index \alpha (also called Pareto index) is close to 0, because Pareto Q–Q plots are not designed to identify distributions with slowly varying tails. On the other hand, in its version for identifying power- law probability distributions, the mean residual life plot consists of first log-transforming the data, and then plotting the average of those log- transformed data that are higher than the i-th order statistic versus the i-th order statistic, for i = 1, ..., n, where n is the size of the random sample. If the resultant scatterplot suggests that the plotted points tend to "stabilize" about a horizontal straight line, then a power-law distribution should be suspected. Since the mean residual life plot is very sensitive to outliers (it is not robust), it usually produces plots that are difficult to interpret; for this reason, such plots are usually called Hill horror plots A straight line on a log–log plot is necessary but insufficient evidence for power-laws, the slope of the straight line corresponds to the power law exponent.
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