Otherwise, the message is: women are not equal to men.
|
|
"Women are not equal to men," she says in her interview.
|
|
There is no Perfect Unity, because unity is not equal to uniformity.
|
|
They're just not equal to the women's enlisted brothers, fathers and beaus.
|
|
"In many cases, the punishment is not equal to the crime," she said.
|
|
And it's something that we're not equal to, but that we're participating with.
|
|
For example, 7^4 ÷ 16 is a valid effort, though not equal to 240.
|
|
In that film somebody said, 'A person is not equal to their worst actions.
|
|
The BBC's position: Her work and her profile were not equal to her male colleague's.
|
|
"I feel so fat today" is not equal to living in a fat body every day. 10.
|
|
Alper says that a "love" swipe for Trump, for example, is not equal to a "love" for avocados.
|
|
"There are many people in this great world who think women are not equal to men," she writes.
|
|
But as we've heard from experts countless times, hard work is not equal to nonstop work, all the time.
|
|
"We have made a lot of progress, but Dalits are still not equal to the upper caste," Prasad said.
|
|
In the United States of America, women are still not equal to men in the eye of the U.S. Constitution.
|
|
Altogether, Nvidia's optimizations enabled performance on the laptop chips that's similar, but not equal to that of the desktop version.
|
|
They're not going to lend their name to something that is not equal to somebody that they revere so deeply.
|
|
It's not equal to the ratio of any two whole numbers, so an approximation -- 22/7 -- is used in many calculations.
|
|
Generally, the type of exercise did not equal to more or less happiness, so long as the person was physically active.
|
|
So, when I graduated from Stanford, the idea that women were not equal to men was a new concept to me.
|
|
Back then, Huawei's telephone technology was not equal to that of its Western peers, but it was much cheaper to operate.
|
|
Thus is the cycle of healthcare's disparity of access—there are always people for whom treatment is not equal to the rest.
|
|
Unfortunately, some are not equal to the task and disenfranchise voters through incompetence, poor training, and even willful violation of the law.
|
|
The billionaire businessman is "unrelentingly impatient with people not equal to his station in life or stature," Clark told Business in Vancouver.
|
|
But there are awkward moments with many of the dancers who are not equal to sustaining qualities of drive and undulating motion.
|
|
Let's go after our own rights so we never have to be treated in a way that we're not equal to again.
|
|
U.S. Soccer sponsors including Coca-Cola, Visa and Budweiser denounced the federation's assertion that women players are not equal to their male counterparts.
|
|
The question of motive remains a question to be tried under a standard approaching, if not equal to, proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
|
|
If we are blocked from the legal right to determine our futures as individuals, the proclamation is clear: women are not equal to men.
|
|
"In terms of ecological theory, a small patch of forest is not equal to a forest," explained Starry Sprenkle-Hypolite, an ecologist in Haiti.
|
|
In 2014, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said that a woman's natural role is as a mother and argued that women are not equal to men.
|
|
" Or read the Confederate vice president's proclamation that the "cornerstone" of the new nation was "the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man.
|
|
We can calculate x and y, but it's enough to know that they're messy irrational numbers and they're not equal to 1, 2 or 3, or to each other.
|
|
" Gibson has also repeatedly said that women were not equal to men, telling Playboy in 22014 that women should not become priests because "men and women are just different.
|
|
In order to blot out racism, sexism and other hate speech, Tay will have to be better than, not equal to, many of the human beings engaged in Internet conversation.
|
|
But for those wondering how this could happen — why backup systems, for example, were not equal to the challenge — a better question might be why it doesn't happen more often.
|
|
"Because the Saros period is not equal to a whole number of days, its biggest drawback is that subsequent eclipses are visible from different parts of the globe," NASA explains.
|
|
Given that Ms. Kistler was the last ballerina appointed by Mr. Balanchine — who said women "are not equal to men, they are better" — this violence had a particularly pointed symbolism.
|
|
Killing these officers is morally reprehensible and completely counterproductive to keeping us safe," he wrote, adding in another tweet, "Being against cops killing is not equal to being for killing cops.
|
|
"Obviously women are not equal to men in Morocco, that's a fact," Ahmed Benchemsi, the communications director for Human Rights Watch's Middle East and North Africa division, said in a telephone interview.
|
|
He said the "great" companies in China, such as Tencent, Alibaba and Baidu, are "very close if not equal to our very best AI companies," such as Alphabet, Facebook, Amazon and Apple.
|
|
I kept imagining what it would have been like covering the Civil Rights Movement and asking black people what it was like to be told they were not equal to white people.
|
|
The N.A.A.C.P. planned to challenge the new law school as not equal to the University of Missouri's, but Mr. Gaines, who had grown ambivalent about attending law school, left the state and disappeared.
|
|
President Obama's legacy will actually shine so bright next to Donald Trump's that it will put him in a pantheon with Lincoln, Jefferson and F.D.R.— if not equal to them, then near them.
|
|
Some people come within grasping reach of their most fervid wish only to find that in the end, whether through self-sabotage or the unremitting competition that is life, they're not equal to it.
|
|
Davidson told the Times that her monthly $2,000 pay as a part-time staffer was not equal to, or competitive with, the salaries offered part-time male organizers with the same title of district representative.
|
|
The last thing Democrats should do after electing a historic number of women to the Congress is to tell voters that a woman is not equal to the task of taking on an unfeminist president.
|
|
" In November 2014, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan claimed that women are not equal to men because of biological differences, and he has, on several occasions, called on Turkish families to have "at least three children.
|
|
The actor, 55, said he'd bite his tongue in speaking about her alleged involvement in the college admissions scandal until her trial but admitted he felt as though the punishment was "not equal" to the crime.
|
|
" Mediaite covered the rant with a headline , "Chris Cuomo Defends Antifa By Saying Their Attacks on Police, Journalists Are 'Not Equal' To Bigots," while TheWrap wrote that "Cuomo delivered a passionate monologue on Monday evening, defending Antifa.
|
|
Just this week, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reminded us that not only do millions of Palestinians living under military occupation have no right to vote, but even those who are Israeli citizens are not equal to Jews.
|
|
White supremacy is based on the concept that blacks and other people of color are not equal to whites -- many believe they are not even worth the three-fifths that was embodied in the original Constitution for tax and representation purposes.
|
|
The filing – a response to a motion for summary judgment by the women's lawyers at Winston & Strawn – argued (among other things) that the women's equal pay claims must fail because their work is not equal to the work of the men's U.S. national team.
|
|
I remain desperate to protect you from a society that quietly but habitually tells you that as a girl, you're not equal to boys -- that you're more valued for your body than your brains, that you don't deserve the same opportunities let alone the same basic respect.
|
|
"The Confederacy, by contrast, is founded upon exactly the opposite idea; its foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery, subordination to the superior race is his natural and moral condition," Stephens said.
|
|
Lee was well informed enough to know that, as the Confederate vice president, Alexander H. Stephens, declared, slavery and "the great truth that the Negro is not equal to the white man" formed the "cornerstone" of the Confederacy; he chose to take up arms in defense of a slaveholders' republic.
|
|
"Whatever happened, I'm pretty sure that the punishment is not equal to the crime, if there was a crime" Loughlin and her husband Mossimo Giannulli have been accused of bribery and money laundering for allegedly paying $500,000 to fraudulently get their daughters Olivia Jade and Isabella Rose into the University of Southern California.
|
|
I rode Zero's DS ZF6.5 late last fall, and it's wild fun — the instant torque of the electric motor, combined with the total lack of gears, makes for a giddy and futuristic riding experience that almost makes up for the fact that the range (about 60 miles) is still not equal to that of a traditional bike.
|
|
As my colleague Libby Nelson wrote in 2015: The Confederacy itself was founded to preserve slavery and promote white supremacy (see, for example ... the speech from the Confederacy's vice president that declared the Confederacy's cornerstone "rests upon the great truth that the Negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery — subordination to the superior race — is his natural and normal condition").
|
|
In 2012, MacDailyNews hit publish on a take that calls Android users the "Hee Haw demographic:" In 2014, MDN opinion writer SteveJack wrote (in a since-moved or deleted post with the slug "even-more-proof-that-android-is-for-poor-people): "The bottom line: Those who settle for Android devices are not equal to iOS users... The quality of the customer matters.
|
|
Google says: Merkle Tree Hash is used to prove that Leaf A is part of the root hash K by hashing Leaf A, and then combining the resulting hash E with intermediate nodes F and J to compute K. If the computed K is equal to the known-good K, the proof is correct and Leaf A is part of K. If the computed K is not equal to the known-good K, a data corruption warning must be displayed.
|
|
" Based on comments on Tuesday and his subsequent tweets, the President clearly doesn't know the difference between the accomplishments of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson (deeply flawed as they might have been) as opposed to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson, who are historically significant only because of their leadership in the attempt to establish what Confederacy Vice President Alexander Stephens described as a nation whose "corner- stone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition.
|
|
Fortunately for Temple, Coker's wits are not equal to the job.
|
|
This term is commonly used in the context of inequalities -- the phrase "strictly less than" means "less than and not equal to" (likewise "strictly greater than" means "greater than and not equal to"). More generally, a strict partial order, strict total order and strict weak order exclude equality and equivalence. When comparing numbers to zero, the phrases "strictly positive" and "strictly negative" mean "positive and not equal to zero" and "negative and not equal to zero", respectively. In the context of functions, the adverb "strictly" is used to modify the terms "monotonic", "increasing", and "decreasing".
|
|
Isherwood, Charles. "All Books Not Equal to Squabbling Family" New York Times, April 28, 2014.
|
|
If has characteristic not equal to 2, then a bilinear form is associated with the quadratic form .
|
|
Many known complexity classes are suspected to be unequal, but this has not been proved. For instance P ⊆ NP ⊆ PP ⊆ PSPACE, but it is possible that P = PSPACE. If P is not equal to NP, then P is not equal to PSPACE either. Since there are many known complexity classes between P and PSPACE, such as RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, PH, etc.
|
|
If the lines are inclined, the periods (p) along the axis of the movement are not equal to the distances (T) between the lines.
|
|
If s is in T, then by definition of T, s is not in f(s), so T is not equal to f(s). On the other hand, if s is not in T, then by definition of T, s is in f(s), so again T is not equal to f(s); cf. picture. For a more complete account of this proof, see Cantor's theorem.
|
|
The revival of human nature [not equal to the denial of human nurture: toward a consilient science of human behavior]. Skeptic, 11 (2). Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
|
|
Let F be a field of characteristic not equal to 2. A biquaternion algebra over F is a tensor product of two quaternion algebras.Lam (2005) p.60Szymiczek (1997) p.
|
|
This significantly improved speed control. Porter's governor became the leading type by 1880. The efficiency of the Porter-Allen engine was good, but not equal to the Corliss engine.
|
|
If target-color is equal to replacement-color, return. 2\. If color of node is not equal to target-color, return. 3\. Set Q to the empty queue. 4\. Add node to Q. 5\.
|
|
Let be an n-dimensional, non-degenerate symmetric bilinear space over a field with characteristic not equal to 2. Then, every element of the orthogonal group is a composition of at most n reflections.
|
|
They made the significant assumption that interaction can be undergone by exchange of particles with a rest mass not equal to zero. Based on their model, Nobel laureate Hideki Yukawa developed his meson theory.
|
|
If the incoming energy flux is not equal to the outgoing energy flux, net heat is added to or lost by the planet (if the incoming flux is larger or smaller than the outgoing respectively).
|
|
It is necessary to mention that in Bahrain the word of Sunni Muslim is not equal to reach people and shia means poor Bahrain people, but in the whole shia places in unsuitable economic situations.
|
|
Note that the money- weighted return over multiple sub-periods is generally not equal to the result of combining together the money-weighted returns within the sub-periods using the method described above, unlike time-weighted returns.
|
|
Hellhound was an excellent martial artist, although his skills were not equal to his lofty opinion of them. He also trained dogs to serve as his hunting pack. Much of this applies to the second Hellhound as well.
|
|
Who is he, the formidable Salavat? What he is famous and rich? He — the native land damask, He daring rich! Neither sleep nor waking Is not equal to such a lion, In heaven and on earth Not equal his arm.
|
|
Similarly, tensile strength of particle-reinforced composites can be expressed as, (T.S.)_c = V_m (T.S.)_m + K_s V_p (T.S.)_p where T.S. is the tensile strength, and K_s is a constant (not equal to K_c) that can be found empirically.
|
|
A rather peculiar property of their inverses is that A−1 is nearly a submatrix of B−1, except for the A−1n,n element, which is not equal to B−1n,n. A Lehmer matrix of order n has trace n.
|
|
Still many people see the Church's position on the ordination of women as a sign that women are not equal to men in the Catholic Church, though the Church rejects this inference.Rausch, Thomas P. Catholicism in the Third Millennium. Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 2003.
|
|
Consider g(x) = ax^2+bx+c for the ring Z/pkZ. Lemma: for k=1 (i.e. Z/pZ) such polynomial defines a permutation only in the case a=0 and b not equal to zero. So the polynomial is not quadratic, but linear.
|
|
As for Constantine III, he was not equal to the intrigues of imperial Rome and by 411 his cause was spent. His son was killed along with those major supporters who had not turned against him, and he himself was assassinated., Age of Tyrants.
|
|
Cammack, supra, p. 46. In 1890 the MacArthur-Forrest cyanidation process successfully overcame the problems of treating the refractory ore from deeper levels.Viljoen & Reimold, supra, p. 35. It soon became apparent that individual diggers were not equal to the task of mining gold in Johannesburg.
|
|
Samuelsonite is monolinic. There are three vectors of unequal length in this crystal system. The three vectors form a rectangular prism with a parallelogram at the base. Therefore, two of the vectors are perpendicular, while the third makes an angle that is not equal to 90°.
|
|
Bb A ray Aa is a limiting parallel to a ray Bb if they are coterminal or if they lie on distinct lines not equal to the line AB, they do not meet, and every ray in the interior of the angle BAa meets the ray Bb.
|
|
Wave Hill Station is a pastoral station which was run by British Pastoral Company Vesteys. It employed many local Aboriginal people, mostly Gurindji. Conditions on the station for Aboriginal people were very poor. Their wages were not equal to those paid to non-Aboriginal employees and were often controlled.
|
|
Retrieved 17 October 2007. The 2016 choice of Bob Dylan was the first time a musician and songwriter won the Nobel for Literature. The award caused some controversy, particularly among writers arguing that the literary merits of Dylan's work are not equal to those of some of his peers.
|
|
After hard campaigning and a lack of reinforcements, VI Corps was not in a good condition to fight. Furthermore, Marchand's talents were not equal to those of his absent chief. Del Parque advanced from Ciudad Rodrigo in late September. with the divisions of La Carrera, Losada, Belveder, and Anglona.
|
|
Tissot's indicatrix In the adjacent image, ABCD is a circle with unit area defined in a spherical or ellipsoidal model of the Earth, and A′B′C′D′ is the Tissot's indicatrix that results from its projection onto the plane. Segment OA is transformed in OA′, and segment OB is transformed into OB′. Linear scale is not conserved along these two directions, since OA′ is not equal to OA and OB′ is not equal to OB. Angle MOA, in the unit area circle, is transformed in angle M′OA′ in the distortion ellipse. Because M′OA′ ≠ MOA, we know that there is an angular distortion. The area of circle ABCD is, by definition, equal to 1.
|
|
For piecewise linear manifolds, the Poincaré conjecture is true except possibly in dimension 4, where the answer is unknown, and equivalent to the smooth case. In other words, every compact PL manifold of dimension not equal to 4 that is homotopy equivalent to a sphere is PL isomorphic to a sphere.
|
|
Retrieved 23 May 2019. Due to variation in sun incidence during the day, the average conversion efficiency achieved is not equal to these maximum efficiencies, and the net annual solar-to- electricity efficiencies are 7-20% for pilot power tower systems, and 12-25% for demonstration-scale Stirling dish systems.
|
|
Montúfar condemned the transatlantic slave trade and sought its cessation and viewed the benefits of incorporating Africans into Christianity as slave not equal to the cost to rending their ties to family in Africa. His pleas and condemnations were ignored. Sierra Silva, Urban Slavery in Colonial Mexico, pp. 40-42Lucena Salmoral, Manuel.
|
|
Ada is a structured programming language, meaning that the flow of control is structured into standard statements. All standard constructs and deep-level early exit are supported, so the use of the also supported "go to" commands is seldom needed. \-- while a is not equal to b, loop. while a /= b loop Ada.Text_IO.
|
|
D means "description of" and reads A's concept of T produces A's description of T, evoking Dirac notation (required for the production of the quanta of thought: the transfer of "set-theoretic tokens", as Pask puts it in 1996). : TA = A(T) = , A's Concept of T, : TB = B(T) = , B's Concept of T, or, in general : TZ = Z(T) = , also, in general : AA = A(A) = , A's Concept of A, : AB = A(B) = , A's Concept of B. and vice versa, or, in general terms : ZZ = Z(Z) = , given that for all Z and all T, the concepts : TA = A(T) is not equal to TB = B(T) and that AA = A(A) is not equal to BA = B(A) and vice versa, hence, there are no Doppelgangers. Q.E.D.
|
|
It is believedBoaz Barak's course on Computational Complexity Lecture 2 that NP is not equal to co-NP; however, it has not yet been proven. It is clear that if these two complexity classes are not equal then P is not equal to NP, since P=co-P. Thus if P=NP we would have co-P=co-NP whence NP=P=co-P=co-NP. Similarly, it is not known if L (the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P. Again, there are many complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes.
|
|
The concept of J-structure was introduced by to develop a theory of Jordan algebras using linear algebraic groups and axioms taking the Jordan inversion as basic operation and Hua's identity as a basic relation. In characteristic not equal to 2 the theory of J-structures is essentially the same as that of Jordan algebras.
|
|
Opportunities for women have been greatly expanded, however with certain aspects they are still not equal to men in society. There is evidence that the male gets paid higher than females in North Korea. Thus, the wage difference reflects the unequal representation of women in various occupational structures, which indicates a sexual division of labor.
|
|
Fauve collective, sometimes stylized as FAUVE, is a French arts collective of music and videography established in 2010 in Paris. The band also uses the not equal to sign ≠. The act depends mostly on story telling through acting, through spoken word and musical accompaniment. The collective has its own record label called FAUVE CORP.
|
|
One implicitly stack- based (recursive) flood-fill implementation (for a two-dimensional array) goes as follows: Flood-fill (node, target-color, replacement-color): 1\. If target- color is equal to replacement-color, return. 2\. ElseIf the color of node is not equal to target-color, return. 3\. Else Set the color of node to replacement-color. 4\.
|
|
In Typographical Number Theory, negation, i.e. the turning of a statement to its opposite, is denoted by the "~" or negation operator. For instance, :~(SSS0 + SSS0 = SSSSSSS0) is a theorem in TNT, interpreted as "3 plus 3 is not equal to 7". By negation, this means negation in Boolean logic (logical negation), rather than simply being the opposite.
|
|
A space with quadratic form is split (or metabolic) if there is a subspace which is equal to its own orthogonal complement; equivalently, the index of isotropy is equal to half the dimension. The hyperbolic plane is an example, and over a field of characteristic not equal to 2, every split space is a direct sum of hyperbolic planes.
|
|
However, there is at least one solution to this problem, which is the property we are interested in with decision problems. If we would take b=11 for the same X, Y and Z, this problem would have no solution (all numbers sum to 30, which is not equal to k\cdot b=33 in this case).
|
|
Together with her husband she acted in a Polish national organisation in Łódź. Maria and Konstanty were an outwardly well-matched couple. Konstanty, a teacher in an elementary school in Chocianowice was a kind, good and decent man, above all loving his Homeland. Wealth was the only reason why he was not equal to his wife.
|
|
Since the calculus is a query language for relational databases we first have to define a relational database. The basic relational building block is the domain (somewhat similar, but not equal to, a data type). A tuple is a finite sequence of attributes, which are ordered pairs of domains and values. A relation is a set of (compatible) tuples.
|
|
Firstly, token physicalism does not imply supervenience physicalism because the former does not rule out the possibility of non-supervenient properties (provided that they are associated only with physical particulars). Secondarily, supervenience physicalism does not imply token physicalism, for the former allows supervenient objects (such as a "nation", or "soul") that are not equal to any physical object.
|
|
Adding the atomisation and first ionisation energies gives a quantity closely related to (but not equal to) the activation energy of the reaction of an alkali metal with another substance. This quantity decreases going down the group, and so does the activation energy; thus, chemical reactions can occur faster and the reactivity increases down the group.
|
|
Wan Chai District Council, in 2004 published her position paper Our Urban Renewal of Wan Chai emphasizing the following four principles. Firstly, renewal does not equal to reconstruction. It is ridiculous to demolish a community of vitality for the purpose of reconstruction. The New and the old can be able to exist in the same community.
|
|
Let R be a ring and suppose that the additive identity 0 and the multiplicative identity 1 are equal, or 0 = 1. Let r be any element of R. Then : r = r × 1 = r × 0 = 0 proving that R is trivial, that is, R = {0}. The contrapositive, that if R is non-trivial then 0 is not equal to 1, is therefore shown.
|
|
The autoencoder weights are not equal to the principal components, and are generally not orthogonal, yet the principal components may be recovered from them using the singular value decomposition. However, the potential of Autoencoders resides in their non- linearity, allowing the model to learn more powerful generalizations compared to PCA, and to reconstruct back the input with a significantly lower loss of information.
|
|
This was not the only effort at coordinating legal defense efforts for the hundreds of members of Socialists, Wobblies, and conscientious objectors facing prosecution. Believing the Civil Liberties Bureau was not equal to the task of nationally organizing publicity and fundraising efforts on behalf of political prisoners, a stillborn effort called the Liberty Defense Union was made by IWW organizer Elizabeth Gurley Flynn.
|
|
Focusing on current, reversible couples are characterized by ipa/ipc = 1. When a reversible peak is observed, thermodynamic information in the form of a half cell potential E01/2 can be determined. When waves are semi-reversible (ipa/ipc is close but not equal to 1), it may be possible to determine even more specific information (see electrochemical reaction mechanism).
|
|
The `SBNZ a, b, c, d` instruction ("subtract and branch if not equal to zero") subtracts the contents at address a from the contents at address b, stores the result at address c, and then, if the result is not 0, transfers control to address d (if the result is equal to zero, execution proceeds to the next instruction in sequence).
|
|
If I is a right ideal of R, then the quotient module R/I is simple if and only if I is a maximal right ideal: If M is a non-zero proper submodule of R/I, then the preimage of M under the quotient map is a right ideal which is not equal to R and which properly contains I. Therefore, I is not maximal. Conversely, if I is not maximal, then there is a right ideal J properly containing I. The quotient map has a non- zero kernel which is not equal to , and therefore is not simple. Every simple R-module is isomorphic to a quotient R/m where m is a maximal right ideal of R.Herstein, Non-commutative Ring Theory, Lemma 1.1.3 By the above paragraph, any quotient R/m is a simple module.
|
|
He remained fond of her and spoke well of her in her later career as a theatre actress; he used his influence to help and encourage her. With the withdrawal of royal favour, creditors closed in. The Langtrys' finances were not equal to their lifestyle. In October 1880, Langtry sold many of her possessions to meet her debts, allowing Edward Langtry to avoid a declaration of bankruptcy.
|
|
That is why she said "Mom should have believed you". # Due to the urgency of the building's demolition, Xianglun played the score faster than the normal tempo. Hence, the time and space he finally returned was not equal to 20 years ago, but earlier, where Xiaoyu was still alive. However, the movie had not mentioned how early he had returned and if Xiaoyu knew about Xianglun.
|
|
Reviews of the piece were mixed. The Era said, "The entertainment is certainly not equal to many other efforts of the same accomplished author, but it furnished considerable amusement to the audience." The Graphic devoted only 74 words to its review, but it praised the piece as "eminently amusing" and commented that the music was "as usual extremely lively."The Graphic, 10 July 1875, p.
|
|
Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film one star out of four and wrote that the actors "are simply not equal to the demands of the script that, if not controlled, easily slips into laughable melodrama", adding that "the film has the unfortunate physical appearance of a vampire tale."Siskel, Gene (5 May 1971). "'Mad Dogs' and..." Chicago Tribune. Section 2, p. 7.
|
|
In characteristic not equal to 2, which we assume in this section, the theory of J-structures is essentially the same as that of Jordan algebras. Let A be a finite-dimensional commutative non-associative algebra over K with identity e. Let L(x) denote multiplication on the left by x. There is a unique birational map i on A such that i(x).
|
|
Every quadratic form q in n variables over a field of characteristic not equal to 2 is equivalent to a diagonal form : q(x)=a_1 x_1^2 + a_2 x_2^2+ \cdots +a_n x_n^2. Such a diagonal form is often denoted by \langle a_1,\ldots,a_n\rangle. Classification of all quadratic forms up to equivalence can thus be reduced to the case of diagonal forms.
|
|
He failed, however, to achieve a real success on this particular occasion because his lyric voice was not equal to the heavyweight dramatic demands of Otello's score, which had been written by Verdi to suit the more powerful tones of his stentorian rival Tamagno.Scott 1977. Thereafter, Marconi built his operatic career increasingly in Eastern Europe, singing often in Poland and Russia to considerable acclaim during the 1890s.
|
|
No similar result is known for the time complexity classes, and indeed it is conjectured that NP is not equal to co-NP. The principle used to prove the theorem has become known as inductive counting. It has also been used to prove other theorems in computational complexity, including the closure of LOGCFL under complementation and the existence of error-free randomized logspace algorithms for USTCON..
|
|
Usually reclamation of disturbed lands to a land use condition is not equal to the original use. Existing land uses (such as livestock grazing, crop and timber production) are temporarily eliminated in mining areas. High- value, intensive-land-use areas like urban and transportation systems are not usually affected by mining operations. If mineral values are sufficient, these improvements may be removed to an adjacent area.
|
|
In February 1977, a late winter Canadian Great Lakes convoy of three tankers was created to deliver much- needed fuel oil and chemical supplies to sites on Lake Superior. Griffon was deployed to break ice for the convoy. However, the ship was not equal to the task as the ice proved thicker than Griffon was designed to break. While en route to Sault Ste.
|
|
According to the time value of money, the present value of money is not equal to its future value (e.g., $1000 today is worth more than $1000 a year from now). Those wishing to borrow money from a lender must provide a measure of compensation above the value of the principal being borrowed. This compensation usually happens in the form of an interest rate payment.
|
|
Then, there is the identity theory which claims that there is no hierarchy or fundamentality to parts and wholes. Instead wholes are just (or equivalent to) their parts. There can also be a two-object view which says that the wholes are not equal to the parts—they are numerically distinct from one another. Each of these theories has benefits and costs associated with them.
|
|
Yılmaz accepted the existence of JİTEM but argued that "military officials were not involved and they intervened when they learned about it." Yılmaz carefully tried to relieve military officials, the Gendarmerie's former Commander General Teoman Koman from responsibility. Deputy Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit said, "JİTEM is mentioned in the report. However, the Gendarmerie and JİTEM are not equal to the army." accepted the existence of JİTEM.
|
|
It is said that she resides in a world where concepts such as fate and probability can be visualized. She comes to Beatrice's game to ease her boredom. She assists the player by giving some hints around the workings of the game. Her "Magic of Miracles" allows her to reset a desperate situation as long as the probability of a favorable situation is not equal to zero.
|
|
The choice of jobs was largely limited to the "female-type" jobs, such as secretaries and nurses. Not many women attained managerial positions. Thus, the wages were not equal to the men of Latvia, and women remained dependent on their spouses throughout their lives. Smith suggests that labour equality was not seen as an advantage as it added to the amount of work women had to do.
|
|
The method can be adapted to multi-winner elections by removing the name of a winner from the ballots and re-calculating, though this just elects the highest-ranked n candidates and does not result in proportional representation. Schwartz in 1986 studied a slight variant of Nanson's rule, in which candidates less than but not equal to the average Borda count score are eliminated in each round.
|
|
Local attraction at a place can be detected by observing bearings from both ends of the line in the area. If fore bearing and back bearing of a line differ exactly by 180°, there is no local attraction at either station. But if this difference is not equal to 180°, then local attraction exists there either at one or both ends of the line.surveying by Prof.
|
|
In most cases, the distance between two nodes in the TSP network is the same in both directions. The case where the distance from A to B is not equal to the distance from B to A is called asymmetric TSP. A practical application of an asymmetric TSP is route optimization using street- level routing (which is made asymmetric by one-way streets, slip-roads, motorways, etc.).
|
|
While still an undergraduate he returned to Eton and became an assistant master in 1835. Soon he succeeded his former tutor, John Wilder, as the housemaster of a large house, in which a number of the resident boys were from his own and the adjacent counties. As a housemaster he was liberal and kind, but his management was not equal to his good intentions.
|
|
When he is enraged, especially regarding someone threatening Ritsuka, his eyes will turn red and his fingernails transform into claws. In episode nine, it is revealed that he is a dhamphir, half-human, half-vampire. ; : :A womanizing devil (incubus) who serves as the vice-president of the student council. While he is not equal to Rem in status, they are closely matched in power.
|
|
The Huffington Post writer Maureen Ryan complimented the screener copy of the episode, calling it "quite solid", but not equal to the previous two episodes. HitFix writer Daniel Feinberg critically panned the episode, calling it "dreadful" and criticized the Iowa storyline and McPhee's performance of "Redneck Woman" calling it "embarrassing" and "kinda repulsive". He also mentioned that the storyline kept him from enjoying the good parts of the episode.
|
|
On a sphere, the sum of the angles of a triangle is not equal to 180°. A sphere is not a Euclidean space, but locally the laws of the Euclidean geometry are good approximations. In a small triangle on the face of the earth, the sum of the angles is only slightly more than 180 degrees. The surface of a sphere can be represented by a collection of two dimensional maps.
|
|
For the Diophantine equation a^{n/m} + b^{n/m} = c^{n/m} with n not equal to 1, Bennett, Glass, and Székely proved in 2004 for n > 2, that if n and m are coprime, then there are integer solutions if and only if 6 divides m, and a^{1/m}, b^{1/m}, and c^{1/m} are different complex 6th roots of the same real number.
|
|
While in England, Abayomi had joined the Girl Guides. When she returned to Nigeria, she connected with the local Lagos Nigerian Girl Guides Association, which was founded by an English woman. Abayomi joined the group and was the first Nigerian woman to serve as a supervisor. She also became active in the education of women and girls in Nigeria, which was not equal to that of men and boys.
|
|
In 1984 Furst, Saxe, and Sipser showed that calculating the parity of an input cannot be decided by any AC0 circuits, even with non-uniformity. It follows that AC0 is not equal to NC1, because a family of circuits in the latter class can compute parity. More precise bounds follow from switching lemma. Using them, it has been shown that there is an oracle separation between the polynomial hierarchy and PSPACE.
|
|
Further research was largely grounded in Gestalt psychology and Perception, which largely corroborated and expanded upon Dent's model. In summarizing the work to date, MacEachren added Orientation and Convexity to Dent's list, with the acknowledgment that these are relatively minor influences compared to the others.MacEachren, Alan M., How Maps Work, Guilford Press, 1995 MacEachren discussed the concept of visual levels as "related," but not equal, to figure- ground contrast.
|
|
The districts and their populations (as of December 31, 2019) are listed below, by region and by province (with capital district in bold text). In 16 provinces with greater municipality the total population of the province is not equal to the summation of all district populations. In greater municipalities some (in case of İstanbul and Kocaeli all) districts are within the capital city. Those intracity districts are shown as " (central district) " .
|
|
Vira Bahu I (1196) was son of Nissanka Malla and king of the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa, in present-day Sri Lanka. He came to the throne after his father's death, however only managed to reign for less than a day, being crowned at night and slain at dawn by the commander-in-chief of the army, Tavuru Senevirat on the grounds that he was a son not equal to his father.
|
|
In configuration management (CM), one has to control (among other things) changes made to software and documentation. This is called revision control, which manages multiple versions of the same unit of information. Although revision control is important to CM, it is not equal to it. Synchronization Models, also known as Configuration Management Models (Feiler, 1991), describe methods to enable revision control through allowing simultaneous, concurrent changes to individual files.
|
|
In 1966, Jameson joined the Aerodynamics Section of Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation in Bethpage, New York. In this period, his work was largely directed toward the application of automatic control theory to stability augmentation systems. Starting in 1970, he began to concentrate on the problem of predicting transonic flow. Existing numerical methods were not equal to the task, and it was clear that new methods would have to be developed.
|
|
On a sphere, the sum of the angles of a triangle is not equal to 180°. The surface of a sphere is not a Euclidean space, but locally the laws of the Euclidean geometry are good approximations. In a small triangle on the face of the earth, the sum of the angles is very nearly 180°. Two dimensional Euclidean geometry is modelled by our notion of a "flat plane".
|
|
Her quickness of perception and efforts to divine what others meant to say caused them to forget, or not to realize, that her hearing was not equal to their own. She graduated first in her class in the Frederick Female Seminary, in 1872, having studied mental and moral philosophy, evidences of Christianity, modern history, mythology, rhetoric and composition. The following year, she graduated with highest honors from Mt. Vernon Institute, Baltimore.
|
|
Following Archimedes' argument in The Measurement of a Circle (c. 260 BCE), compare the area enclosed by a circle to a right triangle whose base has the length of the circle's circumference and whose height equals the circle's radius. If the area of the circle is not equal to that of the triangle, then it must be either greater or less. We eliminate each of these by contradiction, leaving equality as the only possibility.
|
|
Quadratic Jordan algebras are a generalization of (linear) Jordan algebras introduced by . The fundamental identities of the quadratic representation of a linear Jordan algebra are used as axioms to define a quadratic Jordan algebra over a field of arbitrary characteristic. There is a uniform description of finite-dimensional simple quadratic Jordan algebras, independent of characteristic: in characteristic not equal to 2 the theory of quadratic Jordan algebras reduces to that of linear Jordan algebras.
|
|
Adding an overall parity-check digit to a quadratic residue code gives an extended quadratic residue code. When p\equiv 3 (mod 4) an extended quadratic residue code is self-dual; otherwise it is equivalent but not equal to its dual. By the Gleason–Prange theorem (named for Andrew Gleason and Eugene Prange), the automorphism group of an extended quadratic residue code has a subgroup which is isomorphic to either PSL_2(p) or SL_2(p).
|
|
This integer is called the ramification index of P. Usually the ramification index is one. But if the ramification index is not equal to one, then P is by definition a ramification point, and Q is a branch point. If Y is just the Riemann sphere, and Q is in the finite part of Y, then there is no need to select special coordinates. The ramification index can be calculated explicitly from Cauchy's integral formula.
|
|
They show that, if G is a subrealization, and i is the smallest index of a vertex in G whose degree is not equal to di, then G may be modified in a way that produces another subrealization, increasing the degree of vertex i without changing the degrees of the earlier vertices in the sequence. Repeated steps of this kind must eventually reach a realization of the given sequence, proving the theorem.
|
|
Closed-end fund discount (the case when net asset value of a mutual fund does not equal to its market price) reported to be possible measure of investor attention (Zweig (1973) and Lee et al. (1991)). The studies suggest an evidence that changes in discounts of closed-end funds are highly correlated with fluctuations in investor sentiment. Brown et al. (2003) investigate daily mutual fund flow as possible measure of investor attention.
|
|
Equilateral pentagon built with four equal circles disposed in a chain. In geometry an equilateral pentagon is a polygon with five sides of equal length. Its five internal angles, in turn, can take a range of sets of values, thus permitting it to form a family of pentagons. The requirement is that all angles must add up to 540 degrees and must be between 0 and 360 degrees but not equal to 180 degrees.
|
|
In Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance and Orbitrap type mass spectrometers the signal intensity (Y-axis) is related to the amplitude of the free induction decay signal. This is fundamentally a power relationship (amplitude squared) but often computed as an [rms]. For decaying signals the rms is not equal to the average amplitude. Additionally the damping constant (decay rate of the signal in the fid) is not the same for all ions.
|
|
In statistics and information geometry, divergence or a contrast function is a function which establishes the "distance" of one probability distribution to the other on a statistical manifold. The divergence is a weaker notion than that of the distance, in particular the divergence need not be symmetric (that is, in general the divergence from p to q is not equal to the divergence from q to p), and need not satisfy the triangle inequality.
|
|
Instead, he reiterated the need for every person to be respected regardless of their sexual orientation, and to be free from threats of aggression and violence. He avoided any recognition of unions between same sex couples, but rather maintained that these were not equal to heterosexual unions. Some parts of the media interpreted his remarks as more moderate on the issue of homosexuality than that taken by church leaders in previous years.
|
|
First, a spin-forbidden reaction proceeds through the minimum energy crossing point (MECP) rather than through transition state (TS). Second, unlike TST, the probability of transition is not equal to unity during the reaction and treated as a function of internal energy associated with the reaction coordinate. At this stage non-relativistic couplings responsible for mixing between states is a driving force of transition. For example, the larger spin-orbit coupling at MECP the larger the probability of transition.
|
|
A Ratio spread is a complex, multileg options position that is a variation of a vertical spread. Like a vertical, the ratio spread involves buying and selling options on the same underlying security with different strike prices and the same expiration date. Unlike a vertical spread, a number of option contracts sold is not equal to a number of contracts bought. An unequal number of options contracts gives this spread certain unique properties compared to a regular vertical spread.
|
|
In finance, in particular with reference to bonds and swaps, a stub period is a length of time over which interest accrues are not equal to the usual interval between bond coupon. These periods normally occur because the interval between coupons does not fit neatly into the period for which the bond was issued, thus sometimes a bond's final or first coupon period may be adjusted to make the bond start and mature on the desired dates.
|
|
In SI, which is a coherent system, the unit of power is the watt, which is defined as one joule per second.SI Brochure, Table 4, pg 118 In the US customary system of measurement, which is non-coherent, the unit of power is the horsepower, which is defined as 550 foot-pounds per second (the pound in this context being the pound-force); similarly the gallon is not equal to a cubic yard but instead 231 cubic inches.
|
|
He is also one of the oldest warriors, and one of the few who treats Keane like a real adversary rather than just "cattle." He is often shunned because the Tugar thought is that cattle are not equal to Tugars. Qubata led the horde to victory at the famous battle of Orki defeating their rival horde the Merki in an epic battle. He guides and advises Muzta as a friend and mentor, though Muzta does not always listen.
|
|
He had been in failing health for twelve months, but continued the Handfuls of Pasture monthly as before – most sweet, profitable teaching. Mr Mackintosh's breathing greatly distressed him, and for some time he was not equal to going to the Meetings, or even to leaving the house, but did not take to his bed. I went as often as I could to see him. When inquiring how he was, the answer ever was – 'Just as I ought to be.
|
|
When she tried to gain admission to the Maryland Bar, a judge lectured her and told her that God Himself had determined that women were not equal to men and never could be. When she tried to respond on her own behalf, he said she had no right to speak and had her removed from the courtroom."Notes", Albany Law Journal, Nov 9, 1878, p.380 She also applied to the Court of Claims to represent veterans and their families, but was denied.
|
|
The Rado graph arises almost surely in the Erdős–Rényi model of a random graph on countably many vertices. Specifically, one may form an infinite graph by choosing, independently and with probability 1/2 for each pair of vertices, whether to connect the two vertices by an edge. With probability 1 the resulting graph is isomorphic to the Rado graph. This construction also works if any fixed probability p not equal to 0 or 1 is used in place of 1/2.
|
|
Since V comes equipped with a quadratic form Q, in characteristic not equal to 2 there exist bases for V that are orthogonal. An orthogonal basis is one such that for a symmetric bilinear form :\langle e_i, e_j \rangle = 0 for i eq j, and \langle e_i, e_i \rangle = Q(e_i). The fundamental Clifford identity implies that for an orthogonal basis :e_i e_j = -e_j e_i for i eq j, and e_i^2 = Q(e_i). This makes manipulation of orthogonal basis vectors quite simple.
|
|
In topology, the cartesian product of topological spaces can be given several different topologies. One of the more obvious choices is the box topology, where a base is given by the Cartesian products of open sets in the component spaces.Willard, 8.2 pp. 52-53, Another possibility is the product topology, where a base is given by the Cartesian products of open sets in the component spaces, only finitely many of which can be not equal to the entire component space.
|
|
A runaway is a moving lineset that cannot be safely controlled by its operator. Runaways can occur when the weight on the arbor is not equal to the weight of the batten and its load. Linesets are often intentionally unbalanced to facilitate quick flying in one direction and, in such cases, runaways are more likely to occur. In the rare event that an unbalanced lineset gains so much momentum that the operator cannot stop it, a specified safety procedure is usually followed.
|
|
Selling beer in unmeasured glasses without using some other form of calibrated measure is illegal. Half- pint, one-third pint and two-thirds pint (schooners) glasses are also available and are subject to the same laws. Please note that two-thirds of a pint is not equal to the Canadian, US or Australian schooners, which are respectively of different measures. Instead, the term "schooner" is sometimes informally used within the UK to describe two-thirds of a pint (379 ml).
|
|
There is one and only one line that contains any two given distinct points and . Postulate III: Postulate of angle measure. The set of rays through any point can be put into 1:1 correspondence with the real numbers so that if and are points (not equal to ) of and , respectively, the difference of the numbers associated with the lines and is . Furthermore, if the point on varies continuously in a line not containing the vertex , the number varies continuously also.
|
|
The good suffix rule requires two tables: one for use in the general case, and another for use when either the general case returns no meaningful result or a match occurs. These tables will be designated and respectively. Their definitions are as follows: > For each , is the largest position less than such that string matches a > suffix of and such that the character preceding that suffix is not equal to > . is defined to be zero if there is no position satisfying the condition.
|
|
In abstract algebra, the Cartan-Brauer-Hua theorem (named after Richard Brauer, Élie Cartan, and Hua Luogeng) is a theorem pertaining to division rings. It says that given two division rings such that xKx−1 is contained in K for every x not equal to 0 in D, either K is contained in the center of D, or . In other words, if the unit group of K is a normal subgroup of the unit group of D, then either or K is central .
|
|
Moreover, some noble titles of prince conferred on Frenchmen by the Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy or Spain were eventually accepted at the French court (e.g., Prince de Broglie, Prince de Beauvau-Craon, Prince de Bauffremont) and became more common in the eighteenth century. But they carried no official rank, and their social status was not equal to that of either peers or foreign princes. Unsurprisingly, foreign princes began adopting a custom increasingly common outside France; prefixing their Christian names with "le prince".
|
|
Jordan The Lord Admiral would authorize others as his deputies or surrogates to act. Generally, he would appoint a person as a judge to sit in the Court as his surrogate. By appointing Vice-Admirals in the colonies, and by constituting courts as Vice-Admiralty Courts, the terminology recognized that the existence and superiority of the “mother” court in the United Kingdom. Thus, the “vice” tag denoted that whilst it was a separate court, it was not equal to the “mother” court.
|
|
When the measured power is not equal to the scheduled power, the Programme Imbalance is the difference between the realised sum of production and consumption and the forecast sum of production and consumption. If only production from wind energy is taken into account, Programme Imbalance reduces to realised wind production minus forecast wind production. The programme imbalance is the wind production forecast error. Programme Imbalance is settled by the System Operator, with different tariffs for negative Programme Imbalance and positive Programme Imbalance.
|
|
In his book Good and Real (2006), Gary Drescher compares qualia with "gensyms" (generated symbols) in Common Lisp. These are objects that Lisp treats as having no properties or components and which can only be identified as equal or not equal to other objects. Drescher explains, "we have no introspective access to whatever internal properties make the red gensym recognizably distinct from the green [...] even though we know the sensation when we experience it."Drescher, Gary, Good and Real, MIT Press, 2006.
|
|
Its Lexorian materials can withstand several attacks by Superman before sustaining damage and its force field offers further protection still. Wearing it grants Lex great superhuman strength, not equal to Superman but still enough to overpower many of Earth's heroes. The suit can deliver powerful energy blasts and a molecular sheath capable of blocking Superman's body from absorbing energy from solar radiation, meaning his powers will weaken over time. Powered by red solar radiation, the suit can also deliver red solar beams to directly weaken Superman.
|
|
In mathematics, a J-structure is an algebraic structure over a field related to a Jordan algebra. The concept was introduced by to develop a theory of Jordan algebras using linear algebraic groups and axioms taking the Jordan inversion as basic operation and Hua's identity as a basic relation. There is a classification of simple structures deriving from the classification of semisimple algebraic groups. Over fields of characteristic not equal to 2, the theory of J-structures is essentially the same as that of Jordan algebras.
|
|
One example is the number of tweets linking to a paper where the number can vary widely depending on how the tweets are collected. Besides, online popularity may not equal to scientific values. Some popular online citations might be far from the value of generating further research discoveries, while some theoretical-driven or minority-targeted research of great science-related importance might be marginalized online. For example, the top tweeted articles in biomedicine in 2011 were relevant to curious or funny content, potential health applications, and catastrophe.
|
|
The corner solution is a very extreme and special case. It refers to the situation that when consumers do not consume or choose one commodity, but only choose to consume another commodity, their optimal choice is to point to the endpoint of the budget constraint line. When the corner solution appears, the marginal substitution rate of consumers is not equal to the price ratio of each consumption level in all cases. At this point, consumers can maximize their utility by consuming only one of two goods.
|
|
Before the Yi Dynasty and Neo-Confucianism was introduced, women comparatively had more rights and freedom. Women during the Shilla period held higher positions and statuses (although not equal to those of men) in society and had many legal rights including the right to be considered the head of a household. Furthermore, during the Koryo period, remarriage of women as well as equal property inheritance between men and women was completely acceptable.Park, Kyung Ae. "Women and Revolution in North Korea." Pacific Affairs Winter 65.4 (1992): 528. Print.
|
|
Such an ambiguity can be mitigated by writing "x is strictly positive" for x > 0, and "x is non-negative" for x ≥ 0\. (A precise term like non- negative is never used with the word negative in the wider sense that includes zero.) The word "proper" is often used in the same way as "strict." For example, a "proper subset" of a set S is a subset that is not equal to S itself, and a "proper class" is a class which is not also a set.
|
|
While negotiating a price for his apples with a Muslim, he was accused of desiring to become a Muslim by his customer after they were unable to agree on the value of his apples. As was the custom in the Ottoman period, Christos was brought before Islamic authorities, where those bearing false witness testified that he indeed declared he wanted to convert. Christos persisted that he would not become a Muslim and since he was a Christian, his testimony was not equal to that of a Muslim.
|
|
If the original network is removed then port 1 of the second network will present the same iterative impedance as before since port 2 of the second network still has an infinite chain of networks connected to it. Thus the whole infinite chain can be replaced with a single lumped impedance equal to the iterative impedance, which is the condition for the second definition.Bakshi & Bakshi, pp. 9.4-9.5 In general, the iterative impedance of port 1 is not equal to the iterative impedance of port 2.
|
|
Around the mid-1980s both the New and the Lower villages are one whole village according to mailing codes. But as time went, the New and Lower villages gradually separated and the mailing codes are now different. So, writing "Pik Uk New Village", is not equal to writing "Pik Uk Lower Village", since omitting the New or Lower in the address (e.g. Pik Uk Village) will make the mailing services think that it will go to the Lower village, and also the Lower village has more population.
|
|
In addition, they knew fugitive slaves often used Pennsylvania as a destination or byway to other free areas, as it was bordered by slave states to the south. Forten believed the bill was a step backward for black Pennsylvanians. In his "Letters," Forten argued that the bill would violate the rights of any free blacks entering the state and set the people apart as somehow not equal to whites. Forten wanted the many respectable citizens of the black community to be recognized and valued.
|
|
Marriages of same-sex couples in Ireland began being recognised from 16 November 2015, and the first marriage ceremonies of same- sex couples in Ireland occurred the following day. Civil partnerships, granted under the Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010, gave same-sex couples rights and responsibilities similar, but not equal, to those of civil marriage. The 2011 Irish census revealed 143,600 cohabiting couples, up from 77,000 in 2002. This included 4,042 in same-sex relationships, up from 1,300.
|
|
He entered Bowdoin College in 1821, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824,Who Belongs To Phi Beta Kappa , Phi Beta Kappa website, accessed Oct 4, 2009 and graduated in 1825. He published his first work in 1828, the novel Fanshawe; he later tried to suppress it, feeling that it was not equal to the standard of his later work. He published several short stories in periodicals, which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody.
|
|
Thus, calculated values of mean polarizability of Ng@C60 do not equal to the sum of polarizabilities of a fullerene cage and the trapped atom, i.e. exaltation of polarizability occurs.,. The sign of the Δα polarizability exaltation depends on the number of atoms in a fullerene molecule: for small fullerenes (n<30), it is positive; for the larger ones (n>30), it is negative (depression of polarizability). The following formula, describing the dependence of Δα on n, has been proposed: Δα = αNg(2e−0.06(n – 20)−1).
|
|
If exponentiation is indicated by stacked symbols using superscript notation, the usual rule is to work from the top down: : which typically is not equal to (ab)c. However, when using operator notation with a caret (^) or arrow (↑), there is no common standard. For example, Microsoft Excel and computation programming language MATLAB evaluate `a^b^c` as (ab)c, but Google Search and Wolfram Alpha as a(bc). Thus `4^3^2` is evaluated to 4,096 in the first case and to 262,144 in the second case.
|
|
His wife Mary, the sister of Henry Thrale, was pregnant at the time of his death and bore a posthumous son who succeeded to the baronetcy. This Sir John Lade was cited by Samuel Johnson as an example of a young man whose personal gifts were not equal to his fortune—Johnson's intimacy with the Thrales giving him an opportunity to know the young baronet. On the death without issue of the second baronet of the second creation, 10 February 1838, the second baronetcy also became extinct..
|
|
Insert s in B. Set the current boundary point p to s i.e. p=s Let b = the pixel from which s was entered during the image scan. Set c to be the next clockwise pixel (from b) in M(p). While c not equal to s do If c is black insert c in B Let b = p Let p = c (backtrack: move the current pixel c to the pixel from which p was entered) Let c = next clockwise pixel (from b) in M(p).
|
|
Taylor's theorem gives quantitative estimates on the error introduced by the use of such approximations. If the Taylor series of a function is convergent, its sum is the limit of the infinite sequence of the Taylor polynomials. A function may be not equal to the sum of its Taylor series, even if its Taylor series is convergent. A function is analytic at a point if it is equal to the sum of its Taylor series in some open interval (or open disk in the complex plane) containing .
|
|
If is one public key and is another, then if by chance (but q is not equal to q′), then a simple computation of factors both n and n′, totally compromising both keys. Lenstra et al. note that this problem can be minimized by using a strong random seed of bit-length twice the intended security level, or by employing a deterministic function to choose q given p, instead of choosing p and q independently. Nadia Heninger was part of a group that did a similar experiment.
|
|
If k is close, but not equal, to one, the second orbit resembles the first, but revolves gradually about the center of force; this is known as orbital precession (Figure 3). If k is greater than one, the orbit precesses in the same direction as the orbit (Figure 3); if k is less than one, the orbit precesses in the opposite direction. Although the orbit in Figure 3 may seem to rotate uniformly, i.e., at a constant angular speed, this is true only for circular orbits.
|
|
Some constraint languages (or non-uniform problems) are known to correspond to problems solvable in polynomial time, and some others are known to express NP-complete problems. However, it is possible that some constraint languages are neither. It is known by Ladner's theorem that if P is not equal to NP, then there exist problems in NP that are neither polynomial- time nor NP-hard. , it is not known if such problems can be expressed as constraint satisfaction problems with a fixed constraint language.
|
|
Ptolemy reports in his Harmonics (2. 14) that two other theorists, Archytas and Didymus, replaced the ditone with the smaller, just major third with the number ratio of 5:4, making the pyknon correspondingly larger . This pyknon was divided differently by these two theorists, but in both cases the two intervals were not equal to one another. Archytas, who was the first theorist to give ratios for all of the genera, chose 28:27 and 36:35, and Didymus, some four centuries later, gave 32:31 and 31:30 .
|
|
A fundamental belief of the Barelvi movement is that Muhammad has knowledge of the unseen, which is attained from God (ata'e) and is not equal to God's knowledge. This relates to the concept of Ummi as mentioned in the Quran . Barelvis do not see this word as referring to unlettered or illiterate, but see it as referring to 'untaught' meaning that Muhammad is not taught by man. The consequence of this belief is that Muhammad therefore learns directly from God and his knowledge is universal in nature and encompasses the seen and unseen realms.
|
|
Thus (q1 \- p1) is not 1, but is positive, so it factors into primes: (q1 \- p1) = (r1 ... rh). This yields a prime factorization of :t = (r_1 \cdots r_h)(q_2 \cdots q_n), which we know is unique. Now, p1 appears in the prime factorization of t, and it is not equal to any q, so it must be one of the r's. That means p1 is a factor of (q1 \- p1), so there exists a positive integer k such that p1k = (q1 \- p1), and therefore :p_1(k+1) = q_1.
|
|
Geometric complexity theory (GCT), is a research program in computational complexity theory proposed by Ketan Mulmuley and Milind Sohoni. The goal of the program is to answer the most famous open problem in computer science – whether P = NP – by showing that the complexity class P is not equal to the complexity class NP. The idea behind the approach is to adopt and develop advanced tools in algebraic geometry and representation theory (i.e., geometric invariant theory) to prove lower bounds for problems. Currently the main focus of the program is on algebraic complexity classes.
|
|
Values of sii < 1 suggest decay in the memory or impact of previous valences over time, whereas values of sii > 1 suggest growth in impact over time (primacy effects). The negative lateral feedback coefficients, sij = sji < 0 for i not equal to j, produce competition among actions so that the strong inhibit the weak. In other words, as preference for one action grows stronger, then this moderates the preference for other actions. The magnitudes of the lateral inhibitory coefficients are assumed to be an increasing function of the similarity between choice options.
|
|
PANS is an exclusively clinical diagnosis based on the exclusion of other disorders (exclusion diagnostics) and is characterized by symptoms typical of basal ganglia dysfunction and the results of altered functions of the inert part of the immune system. PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) is basically PANS caused by streptococcal infection and has symptoms similar (but not equal) to PANS. However, the pathological mechanisms of PANDAS are still under research. Possible laboratory markers for PANDAS have been discussed and tested, with no promising results.
|
|
When a sun-photometer is placed somewhere within the earth's atmosphere, the measured radiance is not equal to the radiance emitted by the sun (i.e. the solar extraterrestrial radiance), because the solar flux is reduced by atmospheric absorption and scattering. Therefore, the measured radiant flux is due to a combination of what is emitted by the sun and the effect of the atmosphere; the link between these quantities is given by Beer's law. The atmospheric effect can be removed with Langley extrapolation; this method therefore allows measuring the solar extraterrestrial radiance with ground-based measurements.
|
|
Due to all this, Sophia Louise made no friends in her new Court and her only confidante was the Lady-in-waiting she brought with her from Mecklenburg, Eleonore von Graevenitz, sister of Wilhelmine von Grävenitz, who became her influential favorite and adviser. Sophia Louise was not equal to the intrigues of the Berlin court. She came in conflict with Countess Catharina von Wartenberg, who was both wife of Count Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg, the first Minister President of Prussia and the King's mistress. One incident was particularly known.
|
|
"De Veldmaarschalken van het Nederlandsche Leger", Militaire Spectator, nr 485, 9 May 1849 (Dutch) The marshals were compensated with new imperial titles, such as Comte de l'Empire. The title Marshal of Holland was not equal to the rank of field marshal (veldmaarschalk). This rank had been dropped when the Batavian Republic was installed in 1795, and was not restored until the end of the Napoleon era. The first to be given the rank, on 7 May 1815 (about a month before the Battle of Waterloo), was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.
|
|
4 The Times praised both the libretto and the music of the first act ("Everything sparkles with the flashes of Mr. Gilbert's wit and the graces of Sir Arthur Sullivan's melodiousness... one is almost at a loss what to select for quotation from an embarrassment of humorous riches.") but rated the score, as a whole, "of a fair average kind, being not equal to The Sorcerer but certainly superior to Princess Ida." Punch also thought the second act weak: "The idea of the burlesque is funny to begin with, but not to go on with".
|
|
Still many people see the Church's position on the ordination of women as a sign that women are not equal to men in the Catholic Church, though the Church rejects this inference.Rausch, Thomas P. Catholicism in the Third Millennium. Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 2003. In a separate but related issue, Pope Francis set up the Pontifical Commission for the Study of the Diaconate of Women to study women deacons in the early church, to help answer the question of whether women could also serve as deacons today.
|
|
In classical logic, propositions are typically unambiguously considered as being true or false. For instance, the proposition one is both equal and not equal to itself is regarded as simply false, being contrary to the Law of Noncontradiction; while the proposition one is equal to one is regarded as simply true, by the Law of Identity. However, some mathematicians, computer scientists, and philosophers have been attracted to the idea that a proposition might be more or less true, rather than wholly true or wholly false. Consider My coffee is hot.
|
|
Whereas Plato was open to the potential equality of men and women, stating both that women were not equal to men in terms of strength and virtue, but were equal to men in terms of rational and occupational capacity, and hence in the ideal Republic should be educated and allowed to work alongside men without differentiation, Aristotle appears to have disagreed. In his theory of inheritance, Aristotle considered the mother to provide a passive material element to the child, while the father provided an active, ensouling element with the form of the human species.
|
|
Once a student is taking a Grade 12 university-bound course, then the student is expected to be academically and intellectually challenged in order for them to build their knowledge and skills for a university post-secondary education. Even though college-bound courses are academically rigorous, there is more of a focus on skills-based learning and making the content of the course practical for everyday life. Workplace-bound courses are even more practical. Each stream has different learning expectations, so marks in each stream are not equal to one another.
|
|
Continue this process whereby choosing a neighbourhood Un+1 ⊂ Un whose closure does not contain xn+1. Then the collection {Ui : i ∈ N} satisfies the finite intersection property and hence the intersection of their closures is non-empty by the compactness of X. Therefore, there is a point x in this intersection. No xi can belong to this intersection because xi does not belong to the closure of Ui. This means that x is not equal to xi for all i and f is not surjective; a contradiction. Therefore, X is uncountable.
|
|
Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East, 5 September 1876 Soon, a new Russo- Turkish war had begun. Despite fighting better than they ever had before, the advanced Ottoman armies still were not equal to the Russian forces. This time there was no help from abroad; in truth, many European nations supported the Russian war, as long as it did not get too close to Istanbul. Ten and a half months later when the war had ended the age of Ottoman domination over the Balkans was over.
|
|
Prior to the legalization of same-sex marriage, the Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010 allowed same sex couples to enter civil partnerships. The Act came into force on 1 January 2011 and gave same- sex couples rights and responsibilities similar to, but not equal to, those of civil marriage. On 22 May 2015, Ireland held a referendum. The referendum proposed to add to the Irish Constitution: "marriage may be contracted in accordance with law by two persons without distinction as to their sex".
|
|
Curves on the graph can be traced by a cursor, where local maximum, local minimum, and intersections of the curves can be solved by a graph solver tool. Conics having their axes parallel to x-axis or y-axis can be plotted through a separate application. This means that the calculators cannot plot other conic/quadratic equations Ax^2+Bxy+Cy^2+Dx+Ey+F=0 where B is not equal to 0. The Algebra FX series cannot plot any implicit function of two variables, while the Texas Instrument's TI-89 series can.
|
|
Nuran Çamlı Maraşlı is an example for it: "We were 75 women in a ward for 25 prisoners. As women we are not equal to men, but in Diyarbekir dungeon we were equal relating to torture, isolation, military drill etc. For years we did in prison what soldiers do in their barracks."Taken from part of her story DİYARBEKİR ZINDANINDA KADIN OLMAK, To be a woman in the dungeon of Diyarbekir, published on 5 November 2005; accessed on 21 May 2011 Many books have been written on Diyarbakır Prison.
|
|
Wu, Sofia – Taipei Central News Agency. (9 November 2004) World News Connection Tsu Lawmakers Call For Taiwan-centric History Textbooks. Although the resulting draft outline of history course for regular senior middle schools was criticized by a variety of groups,People's Daily Online (11 November 2004) Islanders Criticize Taiwan Authorities' Outline of New History Course. President Chen Shui-bian responded that "to seek the truth of Taiwan's history" is not equal to desinicization nor an act of independence and indicated that he would not interfere with the history editing and compilation efforts.
|
|
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulants of a probability distribution are a set of quantities that provide an alternative to the moments of the distribution. The moments determine the cumulants in the sense that any two probability distributions whose moments are identical will have identical cumulants as well, and similarly the cumulants determine the moments. The first cumulant is the mean, the second cumulant is the variance, and the third cumulant is the same as the third central moment. But fourth and higher-order cumulants are not equal to central moments.
|
|
For example, during, and particularly after, the American Civil War, white Americans used Chinese immigrants in order to build the transcontinental railroads. During this time it was common for the Chinese immigrants to follow the religions of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, because of this the Chinese were considered different and therefore not equal to white Americans. Due to this view Chinese workers were denied equal pay, and they also suffered many hardships during the time which they spent working on the railroad. The third and most extreme category of oppression is violence.
|
|
Planes not derived from finite fields also exist (e.g. for n=9), but all known examples have order a prime power. The best general result to date is the Bruck–Ryser theorem of 1949, which states: :If n is a positive integer of the form or and n is not equal to the sum of two integer squares, then n does not occur as the order of a finite plane. The smallest integer that is not a prime power and not covered by the Bruck–Ryser theorem is 10; 10 is of the form , but it is equal to the sum of squares .
|
|
Shōkū, its founder, was said to recite the nembutsu 60,000 times a day and would endure other ascetic practices. Unlike some of Hōnen's disciples, such as Kōsai, who attempted to eschew other Buddhist practices in favor of the nembutsu, the Seizan branch attempted to organize all Buddhist practices into a hierarchy, with the nembutsu being the foremost practice. This is a similar approach to that found in Shingon, Tendai and Kegon sects of Buddhism. In Seizan thought, it is thought that practices other than the nembutsu do contain some merit, but not equal to even one recitation of the nembutsu.
|
|
Samvatsara (संवत्सर) is a Sanskrit term for a "year" in Vedic literature such as the Rigveda and other ancient texts. In the medieval era literature, a samvatsara refers to the "Jovian year", that is a year based on the relative position of the planet Jupiter, while the solar year is called varsha. A jovian year is not equal to a solar year based on the relative position of Earth and Sun. A Jovian year is defined in Indian calendars as the time Brihaspati (Jupiter) takes to transit from one constellation to the next relative to its mean motion.
|
|
Almost all of the manuscripts dated to the medieval period have been rebound. For example, Add. 18719 was rebound in modern times the stitching of the new binding is characteristic of the tight stitch technique that was used by the British Museum in the second half of the nineteenth century.[Lowden, The making of the Bibles moralisées, 191], Vienna 1179 was badly damaged by water at an early date; the damage was not equal to all pages but sufficient to require the rewriting of all the texts positioned in the upper part of the affected pages.
|
|
Kingslake, pp 182-183. Before the zoom lens, afocal attachments were a way to provide a cheap sort of interchangeable lens system to an otherwise fixed lens camera. In the zoom lens era, they are a cheap way to extend the reach of a zoom. Some afocal attachments, such as the Zeiss Tele-Mutar 1.5× and Wide-Angle-Mutar 0.7× (1963, West Germany) for various fixed lens Franke and Heidecke Rolleiflex brand 120 roll film twin-lens reflex cameras, were of higher quality and price, but still not equal to true interchangeable lenses in image quality.
|
|
In his dissertation, entitled "The conjectures of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer for constant abelian varieties over function fields," he proved the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton–Dyer for constant abelian varieties over function fields in characteristic not equal to zero. He also gave the first example of abelian varieties with finite Tate–Shafarevich group. He then went to study Shimura varieties (certain hermitian symmetric spaces, low-dimensional examples being modular curves) and motives. His students include Piotr Blass, Michael Bester, Matthew DeLong, Pierre Giguere, William Hawkins Jr, Matthias Pfau, Victor Scharaschkin, Stefan Treatman, Anthony Vazzana, and Wafa Wei.
|
|
Whenever is not equal to , this is clear because the factors of cancel. When equals , then the difference quotient for is zero because equals , and the above product is zero because it equals times zero. So the above product is always equal to the difference quotient, and to show that the derivative of at exists and to determine its value, we need only show that the limit as goes to of the above product exists and determine its value. To do this, recall that the limit of a product exists if the limits of its factors exist.
|
|
Retrieved 2012-07-07 Assyrians were excluded from specific duties and occupations reserved for Muslims, they did not enjoy the same political rights as Muslims, their word was not equal to that of a Muslim in legal and civil matters, as Christians they were subject to payment of a special tax (jizya), they were banned from spreading their religion further or building new churches in Muslim-ruled lands, but were also expected to adhere to the same laws of property, contract and obligation as the Muslim Arabs.H. Patrick Glenn, Legal Traditions of the World. Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 219.
|
|
Alice can generate a valid MicroID for a document Y, not equal to X, in Bob's name). Assuming the identity is not known (e.g. 1) the publisher has chosen to remain anonymous and 2) denies others the ability to verify the MicroID claim until a time in the future when he or she reveals her identity) then someone with email addresses can perform a trivial dictionary attack to find ownership of resources, someone with a URI can perform a trivial dictionary attack to find an email address. So the (only) remaining usecase is where an entity generates a strong cryptographic nonce (e.g.
|
|
In their work, Seiden and Woeginger refer to Sylvester's sequence as "Salzer's sequence" after the work of on closest approximation. Znám's problem concerns sets of numbers such that each number in the set divides but is not equal to the product of all the other numbers, plus one. Without the inequality requirement, the values in Sylvester's sequence would solve the problem; with that requirement, it has other solutions derived from recurrences similar to the one defining Sylvester's sequence. Solutions to Znám's problem have applications to the classification of surface singularities (Brenton and Hill 1988) and to the theory of nondeterministic finite automata.
|
|
" Gadot also stated "I don't want people to think she is perfect", further explaining, "She can be naughty." On Diana leaving Themyscira, a mystical island inhabited only by females, and going to the world in Wonder Woman, Gadot stated "When Diana comes to the real world she's completely oblivious about gender and society rules, that women are not equal to men." Describing her role in the Batman v Superman, Gadot said, "In this movie you get a glimpse of who Wonder Woman is — she's being introduced into this DC Comics universe. But we were talking about her strengths, her façade, her attitude.
|
|
Heyting arithmetic adopts the axioms of Peano arithmetic (PA), but uses intuitionistic logic as its rules of inference. In particular, the law of the excluded middle does not hold in general, though the induction axiom can be used to prove many specific cases. For instance, one can prove that is a theorem (any two natural numbers are either equal to each other, or not equal to each other). In fact, since "=" is the only predicate symbol in Heyting arithmetic, it then follows that, for any quantifier-free formula p, is a theorem (where x, y, z… are the free variables in p).
|
|
Yet for Schmitt the political was not an autonomous domain equivalent to the other domains, but rather the existential basis that would determine any other domain should it reach the point of politics (e.g. religion ceases to be merely theological when it makes a clear distinction between the "friend" and the "enemy"). The political is not equal to any other domain, such as the economic (which distinguishes between profitable and not profitable), but instead is the most essential to identity. Schmitt, in perhaps his best-known formulation, bases his conceptual realm of state sovereignty and autonomy upon the distinction between friend and enemy.
|
|
Amazingly, this cochain turns out to be a cocycle and so defines a cohomology class in the nth cohomology group of X with coefficients in . When this cohomology class is equal to 0, it turns out that the mapping may be modified within its homotopy class on the (n-1)-skeleton of X so that the mapping may be extended to the n-skeleton of X. If the class is not equal to zero, it is called the obstruction to extending the mapping over the n-skeleton, given its homotopy class on the (n-1)-skeleton.
|
|
The actual charge change that occurs due to a PD event is not directly measurable, therefore, apparent charge is used instead. The apparent charge (q) of a PD event is the charge that, if injected between the terminals of the device under test, would change the voltage across the terminals by an amount equivalent to the PD event. This can be modeled by the equation: :q= C_b \Delta(V_c) Apparent charge is not equal to the actual amount of changing charge at the PD site, but can be directly measured and calibrated. 'Apparent charge' is usually expressed in picocoulombs.
|
|
The growth rate of incomes and net new investments must then also increase, in order to accelerate the growth of the capital stock. Simply put, the bigger capital grows, the more capital it takes to keep it growing and the more markets must expand. The Harrodian model has a problem of unstable static equilibrium, since if the growth rate is not equal to the Harrodian warranted rate, the production will tend to extreme points (infinite or zero production).Serrano, F., Freitas, F., & Bhering, G. The Trouble with Harrod: the fundamental instability of the warranted rate in the light of the Sraffian Supermultiplier.
|
|
A sphere is not equal to the form of the cutting stylus and by the time diamond needles came to the market, a whole discussion was started on the effect of circular forms moving through a non-circular cut groove. It can be easily shown that vertical, so called "pinching" movements were a result and when stereophonic LPs were introduced, unwanted vertical modulation was recognized as a problem. Also, the needle started its life touching the groove on a very small surface, giving extra wear on the walls. Cross-section diagram comparing two common types of stylus.
|
|
The Synod of Elvira mentions the presence of three Lusitanian dioceses: Ebora, Ossonoba, and Mérida. In 318 or 319, Arius had founded Arianism, denying Trinitarianism by positing that Jesus' existence was not eternal and that his substance was not equal to that of God. In 325, the Roman Emperor Constantine convened the First Council of Nicaea, led by Hosius of Corduba, in which Arianism was strongly rejected and Arius exiled by Constantine. Later, Arianism managed to regain some importance in the Roman Empire, mostly be the actions of Eusebius of Nicomedia and his (successful) attempts to exile the Nicean Athanasius of Alexandria.
|
|
The magnitude of invariant mass of this two-body system (see definition below) is different from the sum of rest mass (i.e. their respective mass when stationary). Even if we consider the same system from center-of-momentum frame, where net momentum is zero, the magnitude of the system's invariant mass is not equal to the sum of the rest masses of the particles within it. The kinetic energy of such particles and the potential energy of the force fields increase the total energy above the sum of the particle rest masses, and both terms contribute to the invariant mass of the system.
|
|
But Bart Ehrman and others have argued that the correct translation is in fact "something to be grasped after," implying that Jesus was not equal to God before his resurrection. Outside of this passage, "harpagmon" and related words were almost always used to refer to something that a person doesn't yet possess but tries to acquire. It is widely agreed by interpreters, however, that the Christ poem depicts Jesus as equal to God after his resurrection. This is because the last two stanzas quote ("Every knee shall bow, every tongue confess"), which in the original context clearly refers to God the Father.
|
|
Civil partnerships, introduced by the Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010 (), gave same-sex couples rights and responsibilities similar, but not equal to, those of civil marriage. The ability to enter into a civil partnership ended on 16 November 2015. Constitutional protections granted to spouses, such as the spouse of a witness not being compelled to give evidence against their spouse in most cases, is one example of protections granted under civil partnerships. Spouses may further claim privilege in so far as necessary to protect the constitutional right to marital privacy.
|
|
In addition there are fundamental strings and their electromagnetic duals, which are called NS5-branes. Although obviously there are no −1-form gauge connections, the corresponding 0-form field strength, G0 may exist. This field strength is called the Romans mass and when it is not equal to zero the supergravity theory is called massive IIA supergravity or Romans IIA supergravity. From the above Bianchi identity we see that a D8-brane is a domain wall between zones of differing G0, thus in the presence of a D8-brane at least part of the spacetime will be described by the Romans theory.
|
|
This is consistent with the known results on rational points, notably Faltings's theorem on subvarieties of abelian varieties. More precisely, let X be a projective variety of general type over a number field k. Let the exceptional set Y be the Zariski closure of the union of the images of all nonconstant holomorphic maps C → X. According to the Green–Griffiths–Lang conjecture, Y should be not equal to X. The strong Lang conjecture predicts that Y is defined over k and that X − Y has only finitely many F-rational points for every finite extension field F of k.Lang (1986), Conjecture 5.8.
|
|
Different theories exist as of how exactly the Kalix river valley came to be settled by Germanic speakers. Related Germanic language is also spoken further to the southeast, with areas with mainly Finnic speakers in between. This suggests movement along both sides of the Bothnian Bay, and a relatively peaceful relationship between the three different groups, Germanic, Sami and Finnic, long before all of them fell under state control. The Germanic settlers spoke a north dialectal development of Proto-Norse, related to, but not equal to the Old Norse spoken by Vikings many hundred kilometers down the Scandinavian coast.
|
|
As such, they occupied a relatively high status in society (although not equal to men). Under the communist regime, the country was industrialized and "modernized", and people came from rural areas to urban areas. The communist new ideology and economy integrated women in paid employment - in the late 1970s, Bulgaria had the highest percentage of working women in the world. Women were integrated in almost all fields, including science and medicine, nevertheless they were strictly under the control of the state, were educated to be submissive to the state authorities (who were mostly male), and had very little power of self- expression.
|
|
In mathematics, the irrelevant ideal is the ideal of a graded ring generated by the homogeneous elements of degree greater than zero. More generally, a homogeneous ideal of a graded ring is called an irrelevant ideal if its radical contains the irrelevant ideal. The terminology arises from the connection with algebraic geometry. If R = k[x0, ..., xn] (a multivariate polynomial ring in n+1 variables over an algebraically closed field k) graded with respect to degree, there is a bijective correspondence between projective algebraic sets in projective n-space over k and homogeneous, radical ideals of R not equal to the irrelevant ideal.
|
|
The keystream generated by the RC4 is biased in varying degrees towards certain sequences making it vulnerable to distinguishing attacks. The best such attack is due to Itsik Mantin and Adi Shamir who showed that the second output byte of the cipher was biased toward zero with probability 1/128 (instead of 1/256). This is due to the fact that if the third byte of the original state is zero, and the second byte is not equal to 2, then the second output byte is always zero. Such bias can be detected by observing only 256 bytes.
|
|
For example, the proper divisors of 15 (that is, the positive divisors of 15 that are not equal to 15) are 1, 3 and 5, so the aliquot sum of 15 is 9 i.e. (1 + 3 + 5). The values of s(n) for n = 1, 2, 3, ... are: :0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 6, 1, 7, 4, 8, 1, 16, 1, 10, 9, 15, 1, 21, 1, 22, 11, 14, 1, 36, 6, 16, 13, 28, 1, 42, 1, 31, 15, 20, 13, 55, 1, 22, 17, 50, 1, 54, 1, 40, 33, 26, 1, 76, 8, 43, ...
|
|
The Cornerstone Speech is so called because Stephens used the word "cornerstone" to describe the "great truth" of white supremacy and black subordination upon which secession and the Confederacy were based: > [I]ts foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests upon the great truth, that > the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery—subordination to the > superior race—is his natural and normal condition. This, our new government, > is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, > philosophical, and moral truth.Schott, Thomas E. (1996). Alexander H. > Stephens of Georgia: A Biography. p. 334.
|
|
Temperature influences the operating frequency; various forms of compensation are used, from analog compensation (TCXO) and microcontroller compensation (MCXO) to stabilization of the temperature with a crystal oven (OCXO). The crystals possess temperature hysteresis; the frequency at a given temperature achieved by increasing the temperature is not equal to the frequency on the same temperature achieved by decreasing the temperature. The temperature sensitivity depends primarily on the cut; the temperature compensated cuts are chosen as to minimize frequency/temperature dependence. Special cuts can be made with linear temperature characteristics; the LC cut is used in quartz thermometers.
|
|
In a special case when a company's return on equity is equal to its risk adjusted discount rate, SPM is equivalent to the Gordon growth model (GGM). However, because GGM only considers the present value of dividend payments, GGM cannot be used to value a business which does not pay dividends. Also, when a firm's return on equity is not equal to the discount rate, GGM becomes highly sensitive to input value changes. Alternatively, SPM values dividends and retained earnings separately, taking into consideration the present value of the future income generated by retained earnings, and then summing this result with the present value of expected dividends held constant in perpetuity.
|
|
Perhaps not surprisingly, W. Botting Hemsley, a botanist who was employed by Kew, was critical of the quality of Andrews' 664 coloured plates in the Botanist's Repository: > "The drawing is usually fairly good, though not equal to some of this > artist's later work... There is no pretense of giving any analysis of the > flowers, but they themselves are often inexact and generally inadequate to > be of any use botantically. The descriptive part is also unequal, and > synonymy altogether excluded. Nevertheless, the Repository was in one sense > superior to the Botanical Magazine of that date, because the majority of the > plants figured were of recent introduction."Hemsley, 1906.
|
|
At the same time, prices though of course not equal to, are exactly proportional to the quantity of labour embodied in each commodity. This is a perfectly clear labour theory of value. The attentive reader may notice that the two major results (on income distribution and on value respectively) depend on two assumptions that are implicit in the formulation of the model, i.e. of the above set of equations, namely: 1) that capitalist appropriate the whole surplus of the economic system, after paying rents to landowners, and conventional wages to workers; and 2) that the proportion of labour to capital is exactly the same in all sectors.
|
|
In the diagram below, the curve MN is a social utility frontier. Point D corresponds with point C from the earlier diagram. Point D is on the social utility frontier because the marginal rate of substitution at point C is equal to the marginal rate of transformation at point A. Point E corresponds with point B in the previous diagram, and lies inside the social utility frontier (indicating inefficiency) because the MRS at point C is not equal to the MRT at point A. File:Social indifference curve diagram.svg Although all the points on the grand social utility frontier are Pareto efficient, only one point identifies where social welfare is maximized.
|
|
An explicitly queue-based implementation (sometimes called "Forest Fire algorithm") is shown in pseudo- code below. It is similar to the simple recursive solution, except that instead of making recursive calls, it pushes the nodes onto a queue for consumption: Flood-fill (node, target-color, replacement-color): 1\. If target-color is equal to replacement-color, return. 2\. If color of node is not equal to target-color, return. 3\. Set the color of node to replacement- color. 4\. Set Q to the empty queue. 5\. Add node to the end of Q. 6\. While Q is not empty: 7\. Set n equal to the first element of Q. 8\.
|
|
The 2016 discovery of gravitational waves and subsequent observations have yielded constraints on the maximum mass of gravitons, if they are massive at all. Following the GW170104 event, the graviton's Compton wavelength was found to be at least , or about 1.6 light- years, corresponding to a graviton mass of no more than . This relation between wavelength and energy is calculated with the same formula (the Planck–Einstein relation) that relates electromagnetic wavelength to photon energy. However, photons, which have only energy and no mass, are fundamentally different from massive gravitons in this respect, since the Compton wavelength of the graviton is not equal to the gravitational wavelength.
|
|
The graviton's Compton wavelength is at least , or about 1.6 light- years, corresponding to a graviton mass of no more than . This relation between wavelength and mass-energy is calculated with the Planck–Einstein relation, the same formula that relates electromagnetic wavelength to photon energy. However, if gravitons are the quanta of gravitational waves, then the relation between wavelength and corresponding particle energy is fundamentally different for gravitons than for photons, since the Compton wavelength of the graviton is not equal to the gravitational-wave wavelength. Instead, the lower-bound graviton Compton wavelength is about times greater than the gravitational wavelength for the GW170104 event, which was ~ 1,700 km.
|
|
In a speech known today as the Cornerstone Address, Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens described its ideology as being centrally based "upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery, subordination to the superior race, is his natural and normal condition". Before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861, a provisional Confederate government was established on February 8, 1861. It was considered illegal by the United States federal government, and many Northerners thought of the Confederates as traitors. The Confederate states volunteered militia units, and the new government formed its own Confederate States Army practically overnight.
|
|
The logarithm of to base is denoted as , or without parentheses, , or even without the explicit base, , when no confusion is possible, or when the base does not matter such as in big O notation. More generally, exponentiation allows any positive real number as base to be raised to any real power, always producing a positive result, so for any two positive real numbers and , where is not equal to , is always a unique real number . More explicitly, the defining relation between exponentiation and logarithm is: : \log_b(x) = y \ exactly if \ b^y = x\ and \ x > 0 and \ b > 0 and \ b e 1. For example, , as .
|
|
It produces lengthened sleep in functional nervous insomnia, and is also useful in insanity, being given with mucilage of acacia or in hot liquids, owing to its insolubility, or in large capsules. Its hypnotic power is not equal to that of chloral, but as it is not a depressant to the heart or respiration it can be used when morphine or chloral are contra-indicated. It is, however, very uncertain in its action, often failing to produce sleep when taken at bedtime, but producing drowsiness and sleep the following day. The drowsiness the next day following a medicinal dose can be avoided by a saline laxative the morning after its administration.
|
|
Assuming the algorithm turns left at the first wall, one gets turned around a full 360 degrees by the walls. An algorithm that only keeps track of "current heading" leads into an infinite loop as it leaves the lower rightmost wall heading left and runs into the curved section on the left hand side again. The Pledge algorithm does not leave the rightmost wall due to the "sum of turns made" not being zero at that point (note 360 degrees is not equal to 0 degrees). It follows the wall all the way around, finally leaving it heading left outside and just underneath the letter shape.
|
|
This appointment appears to have been made rather on the ground of his father's great services than from any proof as yet given of special personal fitness on the part of Lord Canning. The new governor sailed from England in December 1855 and entered upon the duties of his office in India at the close of February 1856. In the year following his accession to office, the deep-seated discontent of the people broke out in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Fears were entertained, and even the friends of the Governor-General to some extent shared them, that he was not equal to the crisis.
|
|
The History of the Corps of Royal Engineers, Volume I, Whitworth Porter. His valuable services in preparing the plans and the means for the capture of Louisburg in 1745 were also acknowledged by Governor Shirley of Massachusetts in a message to the House of Representatives. However, Pepperrell later expressed serious reservations concerning Bastide's engineering abilities, describing him to the Duke of Newcastle in November as not "equal to the care of the Works of this important Fortress." For his conduct during this siege, Bastide was given a company in Shirley's American Provincials (67th Foot), which garrisoned Louisbourg from 1746 to 1749, with the rank of captain (1 September 1745).
|
|
The Witt group of k can be given a commutative ring structure, by using the tensor product of quadratic forms to define the ring product. This is sometimes called the Witt ring W(k), though the term "Witt ring" is often also used for a completely different ring of Witt vectors. To discuss the structure of this ring we assume that k is of characteristic not equal to 2, so that we may identify symmetric bilinear forms and quadratic forms. The kernel of the rank mod 2 homomorphism is a prime ideal, I, of the Witt ringMilnor & Husemoller (1973) p. 66 termed the fundamental ideal.
|
|
A common-law marriage entitles the partners to most of the rights of a formally married couple in relation to inheritance, pensions and the landlord and tenant matters. However, the status of common-law marriage is not equal to that of formal marriage in many fields. For example, exemption from military service for a married woman only applies to a formally married woman. Jurist Frances Radi supports these attempts to "bypass the law in legal ways", but points out that the necessity of an Israeli to resort to the use of a foreign state in order to marry diminishes the value of the alternative ways to marry.
|
|
One property he discovered was that the denominators of the fractions of Bernoulli numbers are always divisible by six. He also devised a method of calculating based on previous Bernoulli numbers. One of these methods follows: It will be observed that if n is even but not equal to zero, # is a fraction and the numerator of in its lowest terms is a prime number, # the denominator of contains each of the factors 2 and 3 once and only once, # is an integer and consequently is an odd integer. In his 17-page paper "Some Properties of Bernoulli's Numbers" (1911), Ramanujan gave three proofs, two corollaries and three conjectures.
|
|
"Lent", Catholic Encyclopedia Historically, an evening collation was leniently defined by the Catholic Church as being less than eight ounces of food, and even a single "hearty meal" at lunchtime is allowed when fasting. The traditional Black Fast of Western Christianity, which was broken after sunset, did not permit a collation if strictly observed. After the 14th century AD, taking a collation became a part of Christian fasting practices in many localities. Today, on Christian fasting days of Lent (Ash Wednesday and Good Friday), the Catholic Church prescribes "one full meal, as well as two smaller meals that together are not equal to a full meal".
|
|
The RoboLogix instruction set contains 16 commands, which are usually written as a program on a line-by-line basis. These commands are used to instruct the robot to perform tasks such as moving to a specific location, picking up an object, executing a subroutine, waiting, etc. One of the more popular commands in the instruction set is the IF instruction, which compares numerical values located in two registers. If a register has a value that is greater than (>), less than (<), greater than/equal to (>=), less than/equal to (<=), equal to (=), or not equal to (<>) another register, it will execute the next line in the program if the condition is true.
|
|
A continuum C is a nonempty compact connected metric space. The arc, the n-sphere, and the Hilbert cube are examples of path connected continua; the topologist's sine curve and Warsaw circle are examples of non-path connected continua. A subcontinuum C' of a continuum C is a closed, connected subset of C. A space is nondegenerate if it is not equal to a single point. A continuum C is decomposable if there exist two subcontinua A and B of C such that A eq C and B eq C but A \cup B = C. A continuum which is not decomposable is an indecomposable continuum.
|
|
Early Westrobothnian settlements typically end with -böle or -mark and most of them are from the pre-Christian era, the villages with the ending -mark are derived from a male name; for example, Tvare for Tväråmark in Umeå municipality or Arne for Arnemark outside Piteå. The highest density of villages ending with -mark is found between Umeå and Skellefteå. The Germanic settlers spoke a north dialectal development of proto-Norse, related to, but not equal to the Old Norse spoken by Vikings many hundred kilometers down the Scandinavian coast. Old Norse is rather well preserved in runestones and later also in a Bible translation.
|
|
One of the basic notions in complexity theory is the notion of completeness. Given a class of polynomials (such as VP or VNP), a complete polynomial f for this class is a polynomial with two properties: (1) it is part of the class, and (2) any other polynomial g in the class is easier than f, in the sense that if f has a small circuit then so does g. Valiant showed that the permanent is complete for the class VNP. So in order to show that VP is not equal to VNP, one needs to show that the permanent does not have polynomial size circuits.
|
|
In February 2019, while still in hunger strike, she was sentenced to 15 years in prison for being a member of a terrorist organization and making propaganda for a terrorist organization. In September 2020, another sentence under the controversial Article 299 of Turkey's penal code over 11 months followed for insulting the Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The sentence was given for calling Erdoğan an "enemy of women" in a speech in 2016. She had made this statement after two controversial statements of Erdoğan where in 2014 he had publicly said "women are not equal to men" and in 2016 he said "women who reject motherhood are deficient and incomplete".
|
|
A derivation of the test consists of using a population genetics model to obtain the expected proportions for the quantities a,b,c and d in the table above. In particular, one can show that under nearly all disease models the expected proportion of b and c are identical. This result motivates the use of a binomial (asymptotically \chi^2 ) test to test whether these proportions are equal. On the other hand, one can also show that under such models the proportions a,b,c and d are not equal to the product of the marginals probabilities (a+b)/2n, (c+d)/2n and (a+c)/2n , (b+d)/2n .
|
|
By the end of the 1820s, American politics had generally adapted to a two-party system whereby rival parties stake their claims before the electorate, and the winner takes control of the government. As time went on, the Federalists lost appeal with the average voter and were generally not equal to the tasks of party organization; hence, they grew steadily weaker. After 1816, the Federalists had no national influence apart from John Marshall's Supreme Court. They retained some local support into the 1820s, but important leaders left their fading cause, including future presidents John Quincy Adams and James Buchanan, and future Chief Justice Roger B. Taney.
|
|
The same year, he promulgated the Evening Continuation School Code, which laid the foundation for adult education, and issued Circular 321, which required inspectors to submit a report to the Education Department about the condition of buildings and apparatus in each public elementary school. Acland's physical and mental health were not equal to the tasks he undertook, and his ill health continued after he left office after the Liberals' defeat in the General Election of 1895. Although re-elected, he effectively resigned from Parliament in 1899 by requesting appointment to the position of Steward of the Manor of Northstead, a nominal office of profit under the Crown.
|
|
Davis recounted later in life her difficulties in making the film. She had been very enthusiastic about the challenge of playing Elizabeth (in 1955, she would play her as an old woman in The Virgin Queen). She had lobbied for Laurence Olivier to play the part of Essex, but Warner Brothers, nervous at giving the part to an actor who was relatively unknown in the United States, instead cast Errol Flynn, who was at the height of his success. Davis felt he was not equal to the task, and also believed from past experience that his casual attitude to his work would be reflected in his performance.
|
|
The function in the middle is given by x2 sin(1/x) for x not equal to 0 and given by 0 for x=0. This cannot be an analytic function, because it has infinitely many zeros in every neighborhood of the origin, but is not itself the zero function. In mathematics, the principle of permanence states that a complex function, suitably well-behaved, which is 0 on a set containing a non- isolated point is 0 everywhere (or at least on the connected component of its domain which contains the point). There are various statements of the principle, depending on the type of function or equation considered.
|
|
Consumption – The growth of consumption and the cult of consumption, or consumerist ideology, is the major cause of economic growth. Overdevelopment, seen as the only alternative to poverty, has become an end in itself. The means for curbing this growth are not equal to the task, since the phenomenon is not confined to a growing middle class in developing countries, but also concerns the development of irresponsible lifestyles, particularly in northern countries, such as the increase in the size and number of homes and cars per person. Destruction of biodiversity – The complexity of the planet's ecosystems means that the loss of any species has unexpected consequences.
|
|
Another factor that limits women’s capabilities to access healthcare is their relative low wage compared to men. China promotes itself as having almost no gender bias when it comes to wages yet we see that compared to men women are making less money. The Chinese government touts their “equal pay for equal work” mantra, however, women find that their work in the textile industries is not equal to the work done in industries requiring “heavy” labor so in the end women make less than men because they are perceived as not being able to do the “heavy” work. This inequitable pay leaves women more vulnerable and with less capability to pay for their individual healthcare when compared to men.
|
|
When the rate of interconversion between A and B is much faster than either k1 or k2, then the Curtin–Hammett principle tells us that the C:D product ratio is not equal to the equilibrium A:B reactant ratio, but is instead determined by the relative energies of the transition states (i.e., difference in the absolute energies of the transition states). If reactants A and B were at identical energies, the product ratio would depend only on the activation barriers of the reactions leading to each respective product. However, in a real-world scenario, the two reactants are likely at somewhat different energy levels, although the barrier to their interconversion must be low for the Curtin–Hammett scenario to apply.
|
|
Other branches continued the political vision of equal suffrage, notably Bangor, while the Cardiff WSS busied itself by attempting to secure the election of women to local government posts. The fact that the terms of enfranchisement were not equal to men ensured that the surviving suffragist societies still had a focus, and the first point of order was the bill to admit women as MPs. This was passed in October 1918 and seventeen women stood at the 1918 General Election. There was one female candidacy in Wales, Millicent Mackenzie, a former professor of education from the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, who unsuccessfully contested the newly formed University of Wales seat.
|
|
Cumulative process is a contribution to the economic theory of interest, proposed in Knut Wicksell's 1898 work, Interest and Prices. Wicksell made a key distinction between the natural rate of interest and the money rate of interest. The money rate of interest, to Wicksell, is the interest rate seen in the capital market; the natural rate of interest is the interest rate at which supply and demand in the market for goods are in equilibrium – as though there were no need for capital markets. According to the idea of cumulative process, if the natural rate of interest was not equal to the market rate, demand for investment and quantity of savings would not be equal.
|
|
Dov Jarden gave a simple non-constructive proof that there exist two irrational numbers a and b, such that ab is rational: Consider ; if this is rational, then take a = b = . Otherwise, take a to be the irrational number and b = . Then ab = () = · = 2 = 2, which is rational. Although the above argument does not decide between the two cases, the Gelfond–Schneider theorem shows that is transcendental, hence irrational. This theorem states that if a and b are both algebraic numbers, and a is not equal to 0 or 1, and b is not a rational number, then any value of ab is a transcendental number (there can be more than one value if complex number exponentiation is used).
|
|
14 This generalised view of the port concept helps to explain why the port condition is so defined in electrical analysis. If the algebraic sum of the currents is not zero, such as in example diagram (c), then the energy delivered from an external generator is not equal to the energy entering the pair of circuit poles. The energy transfer at that place is thus more complex than a simple flow from one subsystem to another and does not meet the generalised definition of a port. The port concept is particularly useful where multiple energy domains are involved in the same system and a unified, coherent analysis is required such as with mechanical-electrical analogies or bond graph analysis.
|
|
These breeds are more frequently owned by people involved in crime. In a study comparing media accounts of 256 dog bite related deaths, when a strict definition was used ("documented pedigree, parentage information, or DNA test results or on the basis of concordance among media breed descriptor, animal control breed descriptor, and the veterinarian- assigned breed from a photograph") the resulting 45 dogs comprised 20 recognized breeds and 2 known crosses. The study also published information comparing when multiple media reports (or media reports compared with animal control reports) differed in reporting the breeds. When using a strict definition ('Rottweiler' is NOT equal to 'Rottweiler-mix') 30%-40% of the reports varied.
|
|
Adoptionism is one of two main forms of monarchianism (the other is modalism, which regards "Father" and "Son" as two historical or soteriological roles of a single divine Person). Adoptionism denies the eternal pre-existence of Christ, and although it explicitly affirms his deity subsequent to events in his life, many classical trinitarians claim that the doctrine implicitly denies it by denying the constant hypostatic union of the eternal Logos to the human nature of Jesus.Justo L. González, Essential Theological Terms, page 139 (Westminster John Knox Press, 2005). Under adoptionism Jesus is currently divine and has been since his adoption, although he is not equal to the Father, per "my Father is greater than I" ().
|
|
The effect of a character assassination driven by an individual is not equal to that of a state-driven campaign. The state-sponsored destruction of reputations, fostered by political propaganda and cultural mechanisms, can have more far-reaching consequences. One of the earliest signs of a society's compliance to loosening the reins on the perpetration of crimes (and even massacres) with total impunity is when a government favors or directly encourages a campaign aimed at destroying the dignity and reputation of its adversaries, and the public accepts its allegations without question. The mobilisation toward ruining the reputation of adversaries is the prelude to the mobilisation of violence in order to annihilate them.
|
|
Under the Arab Islamic empires, the Christian Assyrians were classed as dhimmis, who had certain restrictions imposed upon them. Assyrians were thus excluded from specific duties and occupations reserved for Muslims, they did not enjoy the same political rights as Muslims, their word was not equal to that of a Muslim in legal and civil matters without a Muslim witness, they were subject to payment of a special tax (jizyah) and they were banned from spreading their religion further in Muslim-ruled lands. However, personal matters such as marriage and divorce were governed by the cultural laws of the Assyrians.H. Patrick Glenn, Legal Traditions of the World. Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 219.
|
|
KFB mode outputs m bits (typically m = 8) at a time and uses a constant bitstring p as block cipher input, a key k of n bit length, and a n × m matrix with non-zero rows as IV. It is possible to reduce the size of the matrix and it does not need to be secret but must be random. If the output block size of the block cipher is not equal to the key size, a function is needed to form a valid key from the output block. The speed of KFB is a bit lower than for other modes of operation like OFB, mainly because the key schedule has to be done for each key.
|
|
Geometrically, this means that the graph has no cusps, self-intersections, or isolated points. Algebraically, this holds if and only if the discriminant : \Delta = -16(4a^3 + 27b^2) is not equal to zero. (Although the factor −16 is irrelevant to whether or not the curve is non- singular, this definition of the discriminant is useful in a more advanced study of elliptic curves.) The (real) graph of a non-singular curve has two components if its discriminant is positive, and one component if it is negative. For example, in the graphs shown in figure to the right, the discriminant in the first case is 64, and in the second case is −368.
|
|
A hybrid of Monster and Spell, they can either be summoned conventionally, or "activated" in the newly added Pendulum Zones as Spell Cards, with their own separate effect. On the Pendulum Scale, the cards have a "Scale" a number that if there are two Pendulum Cards on both zones, the player can perform a new type of summon. Known as Pendulum Summoning, the player is allowed to simultaneously Special Summon an unlimited amount of monsters from their hand (or face-up from their Extra Deck) to the field provided their Levels are in between (and not equal to) the Scales of the cards on the Pendulum Zone. Players can only perform one Pendulum Summon per turn.
|
|
At first glance, a periodic driving force with zero mean is able to entrain a particle into an oscillating movement without unidirectional drift, because integral momentum provided to the particle by the force is zero. The possibility of unidirectional drift can be recognized if one takes into account that the particle itself loses momentum through transferring it further to the medium it moves in/at. If the friction is nonlinear, then it may so happen that the momentum loss during movement in one direction does not equal to that in the opposite direction and this causes unidirectional drift. For this to happen, the driving force time-dependence must be more complicated than it is in a single sinusoidal harmonic.
|
|
He continued in favour under Charles X, for whom was executed Monks of Mount St Gotthard, exhibited in 1824. In 1831, Hersent made his last appearance at the Salon with portraits of Louis Philippe, Marie Amélie and the duke of Montpensier; that of the king, though good, is not equal to the portrait of Spontini (Berlin), which is probably Hersent's chef-d'œuvre. After this date, Hersent ceased to exhibit at the yearly salons. Although in 1846 he sent an excellent likeness of Delphine Gay and one or two other works to the rooms of the Société d'Artistes, he could not be tempted from his usual reserve even by the international contest of 1855.
|
|
Given the date of an eclipse, one saros later a nearly identical eclipse can be predicted. During this 18-year period, about 40 other solar and lunar eclipses take place, but with a somewhat different geometry. One saros equaling 18.03 years is not equal to a perfect integer number of lunar orbits (Earth revolutions with respect to the fixed stars of 27.32166 days sidereal month), therefore, even though the relative geometry of the Earth–Sun–Moon system will be nearly identical after a saros, the Moon will be in a slightly different position with respect to the stars for each eclipse in a saros series. The axis of rotation of the Earth–Moon system exhibits a precession period of 18.59992 years.
|
|
In particle physics, CLs represents a statistical method for setting upper limits (also called exclusion limits) on model parameters, a particular form of interval estimation used for parameters that can take only non-negative values. Although CLs are said to refer to Confidence Levels, "The method's name is ... misleading, as the CLs exclusion region is not a confidence interval." It was first introduced by physicists working at the LEP experiment at CERN and has since been used by many high energy physics experiments. It is a frequentist method in the sense that the properties of the limit are defined by means of error probabilities, however it differs from standard confidence intervals in that the stated confidence level of the interval is not equal to its coverage probability.
|
|
Erdoğan, who was the AKP Prime Minister between 2003 and 2014, had previously declared that women are not equal to men and also criticised feminists for going against Islam during their protests following the incident. Women's rights activists linked comments made by Erdoğan and his fellow party members, such as "you cannot make men and women equal" by Erdoğan and "women should not laugh out loud in public" by Bülent Arınç to an alleged attempt to solidify gender roles and suppress women's rights. CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu accused the government of intervening in the private lives of citizens while not taking action against a sharp increase in sexual harassment, referring to a 658% rise in child drug use and a 1,400% rise in harassment claims since 2002.
|
|
In 1943, he purchased the Ashley House, an estate in Woodford County, that became his home for the rest of his life. Later in life, O'Rear became more conservative, and friends quipped that he resented "everything from the outcome of the Civil War to the advent of the twentieth century". He was serving on the University of Kentucky's board of trustees by 1949 when federal judge Hiram Church Ford held that the university's refusal to admit Lyman T. Johnson, a black man, to its graduate school was a violation of Johnson's equal protection rights under the Fourteenth Amendment because the graduate programs at Kentucky State University, which was designated for blacks, were not equal to those at the University of Kentucky.Hardin, p.
|
|
The name "double" derived from the French "double deniers", although the value of the coin was equal to the liard (three-denier piece) still circulating. Coins were issued in denominations of 1, 2, 4 and 8 doubles. The 8 double coin was a "Guernsey penny", with twelve to the "Guernsey shilling" (worth 1.2 francs). However, this shilling was not equal to the British shilling (worth 1.26 francs, as the exchange rate according to the respective gold standards was 25.22 francs = 1 pound sterling). Banknotes were also produced by the States of Guernsey from 1827, denominated in pounds. In 1848, an ordinance was passed that the pound sterling should be legal tender at a value of £1 1s 3d (2040 doubles).
|
|
This happens as follows: Due to CP-symmetry violating electroweak interactions, some amplitudes involving quarks are not equal to the corresponding amplitudes involving anti-quarks, but rather have opposite phase (see CKM matrix and Kaon); since time reversal takes an amplitude to its complex conjugate, CPT-symmetry is conserved. Though some of their amplitudes have opposite phases, both quarks and anti-quarks have positive energy, and hence acquire the same phase as they move in space-time. This phase also depends on their mass, which is identical but depends both on flavor and on the Higgs VEV which changes along the domain wall. Thus certain sums of amplitudes for quarks have different absolute values compared to those of anti-quarks.
|
|
In real analysis, this example shows that there are infinitely differentiable functions whose Taylor series are not equal to even if they converge. By contrast, the holomorphic functions studied in complex analysis always possess a convergent Taylor series, and even the Taylor series of meromorphic functions, which might have singularities, never converge to a value different from the function itself. The complex function , however, does not approach 0 when approaches 0 along the imaginary axis, so it is not continuous in the complex plane and its Taylor series is undefined at 0. More generally, every sequence of real or complex numbers can appear as coefficients in the Taylor series of an infinitely differentiable function defined on the real line, a consequence of Borel's lemma.
|
|
But in a Robinson Crusoe/Friday economy, there is another way to exchange goods – to produce less of one good and more of the other. Figure 8: Production possibilities set in Robinson Crusoe economy and the Edgeworth box showing a Pareto-efficient situation within From the figure 8, it is clear that an economy operating at a position where the MRS of either Crusoe or Friday is not equal to the MRT between coconuts and fish cannot be Pareto efficient. This is because the rate at which, say Friday is willing to trade coconuts for fish is different from the rate at which coconuts can be transformed into fish. Thus, there is a way to make Friday better off by rearranging the production pattern.
|
|
The operation of a lock-in amplifier relies on the orthogonality of sinusoidal functions. Specifically, when a sinusoidal function of frequency f1 is multiplied by another sinusoidal function of frequency f2 not equal to f1 and integrated over a time much longer than the period of the two functions, the result is zero. Instead, when f1 is equal to f2 and the two functions are in phase, the average value is equal to half of the product of the amplitudes. In essence, a lock-in amplifier takes the input signal, multiplies it by the reference signal (either provided from the internal oscillator or an external source), and integrates it over a specified time, usually on the order of milliseconds to a few seconds.
|
|
In July 1908 The Ford & Johnson Company was to receive a $100,000 contractBig Contract For Ford & Johnson Co. Frankfort Weekly News - July 11, 1908 to provide furniture for the United States Senate office building in Washington DC. Ford Johnson had designed chairs, desks, tables and a luxurious 10 foot wide settee to be built from solid mahogany for each Senator's office. However, the contract was awarded to GW Cobb/S. Karpen Brothers at the last minute due to an unusual guarantee and lower bid. S. Karpen Brothers bid just under $62,000 for 2,100 pieces of furniture and provided a guarantee bond which essentially stated that if the US government deemed the quality of the furniture was not equal to the samples provided they could have it made by another company at S. Karpen Brothers expense.
|
|
In the early 1880s Davies became a pawnbroker. At the same time, he was working to improve his social position in Fremantle: he joined local lodges, institutes and societies and was active on their committees, and in 1887 became rate collector to the Fremantle Municipal Council. He eventually resigned as rate collector in August 1888 after protesting that "from the very illiberal manner his demands had received in many quarters since starting in July, in consequence no doubt of the general depression, he felt that his talents were not equal to the occasion." Despite this, Davies took up the position again in early 1890. With the onset of a gold rush in Western Australia 1893, Davies’ property investments paid dividends and he was elected to Fremantle Municipal Council.
|
|
In March 2018, Parliament Speaker İsmail Kahraman forbid the women of a troupe from being onstage, at a tribute to the anniversary of the Gallipoli Campaign at the Turkish Parliament. He was offended that actresses playing the mothers of soldiers would be giving guys public hugs.Turkey’s Government Is Censoring the Movies, But the Istanbul Film Festival Is Soldiering On In September 2020, a female politician of Kurdish origin Sebahat Tuncel was sentenced to 11 months in prison for calling Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan an enemy of women in a speech in 2016. She had made this statement after two controversial statements of Erdogan where in 2014 he said "publicly women are not equal to men" and in 2016 he said "women who reject motherhood are deficient and incomplete".
|
|
The tribal unit organizational system was adopted by the council in 471 BC, although the exact relationship between the Tribunes and tribes is unclear, as the number of Tribunes was not equal to the number of tribes. Additionally, most tribes were located outside of the city, whereas the plebeian Tribunes were exclusive to the city. Image depicting the engraving of the Twelve Tables In the Tribal system, the Council of the Plebeians elected Tribunes of the Plebs, who acted as spokespeople for the plebeian citizens. The Tribunes were revered, and plebeians swore an oath to take vengeance on anyone who would bring them harm. Over time, the Concilium Plebis became the most effective medium of legislation in the Republic, until the introduction of Sulla’s measures in 88 BC.
|
|
Alexander Stephens, namesake of Stephens County Originally inhabited by Mississippi Indian mound builders and then by Cherokee Indians, the first non-Indians in the area were Revolutionary War veterans who migrated up the Savannah River and the Tugaloo River after the war. Created on August 18, 1905 from parts of Franklin County and Habersham County, the county is named for Alexander Stephens, U.S. representative, Vice President of the Confederate States of America, and fifty-third governor of Georgia. In Stephens' Cornerstone Speech in 1861, Stephens said the Confederacy was founded “upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition.” Stephens was charged with treason against the United States for his role in the American Civil War.
|
|
The two features of Rodger's method that have been mentioned thus far, its increased statistical power and the impossibility of type 1 error rate inflation when using it, are direct by-products of the decision-based error rate that it utilizes. "An error occurs, in the statistical context, if and only if a decision is made that a specified relationship among population parameters either is, or is not, equal to some number (usually, zero), and the opposite is true. Rodger’s very sensible, and cogently argued, position is that statistical error rate should be based exclusively on those things in which errors may occur, and that (necessarily, by definition) can only be the statistical decisions that researchers make" (Roberts, 2011, p. 69).Roberts, M. (2011). Simple, Powerful Statistics: An instantiation of a better ‘mousetrap’.
|
|
The number of electrodes necessary for reading or room navigation may differ in implanted subjects, and further testing needs to be conducted within this clinical population to determine the required spatial resolution for specific visual tasks. Simulation results indicate that 600-1000 electrodes would be required to enable subjects to perform a wide variety of tasks, including reading, face recognition, and navigating around rooms. Thus, the available spatial resolution of retinal implants needs to increase by a factor of 10, while remaining small enough to implant, to restore sufficient visual function for those tasks. It is worth to note high-density stimulation is not equal to high visual acuity (resolution), which requires a lot of factors in both hardware (electrodes and coatings) and software (stimulation strategies based on surgical results).
|
|
In addition to exposing the reality of America's shameful and sinful chattel slavery—some were fugitive slaves—they put the lie to the Confederate position that negroes were "unintellectual, timid, and dependant", and "not equal to the white man...the superior race," as it was put by Confederate Vice-President Alexander H. Stephens in his famous Cornerstone Speech. Frederick Douglass, Henry Highland Garnet, Sarah Parker Remond, her brother Charles Lenox Remond, James W. C. Pennington, Martin Delany, Samuel Ringgold Ward, and William G. Allen all spent years in Britain, where fugitive slaves were safe and, as Allen said, there was an "absence of prejudice against color. Here the colored man feels himself among friends, and not among enemies". One speaker alone, William Wells Brown, gave more than 1,000 lectures on the shame of American chattel slavery.
|
|
These humans who may enter the "God family" are currently only those found to be attending the congregations that openly support "pluralism", but after Jesus's return salvation shall be offered to all during the Great White Throne Judgment, which is a form of universal reconciliation. God's plural identification in Genesis as "Elohim", as the Father and the Word or Logos () who became the Son of God, the firstborn of many brethren, leaves room for untold numbers to be added to God's family. This binitarian view posits that humanity eventually will have access to become members of God's family in their own right each with the power of the Holy Spirit, however, not equal to Father or Son. As part of the binitarian view it is also believed that, as the Bible states, the Father is greater than Jesus.
|
|
Apart from Otello, the operas from which he elected to record arias, in multiple takes, were Il trovatore, Guillaume Tell (Guglielmo Tell), Le prophète (Il profeta), Samson et Dalila (Sansone e Dalila), Hérodiade, Messaline and Andrea Chénier. When he stepped before the recording horn, Tamagno was in poor health and semi-retirement after a long and demanding career. Consequently, his voice, although still astonishingly powerful and kept under firm technical control, was no longer at its peak, though the recording technology of the time was almost certainly not equal to the task of capturing the full breadth of Tamagno's ability at the time. Potter pays tribute to Tamagno's vocal attributes in his book about the history of tenor singing, averring that his "recorded legacy" is "a priceless connection with Verdi" while Steane, writing in The Grand Tradition (pp.
|
|
The court was known until 9 October 1998 as the Official Referees' Court, a name which reflected its old status as a tribunal with no jurisdiction per se, but which could report to judges on its findings. The new court, which was founded under the leadership of Mr Justice Dyson (later the Master of the Rolls), aimed to rid the perception this created that the court was not equal to others in the Queen's Bench Division. When opening the new court, Dyson said the new changes were "of real significance", and included technological advancements to aid the court's running, such as a centralised listing system. With the introduction of the new Civil Procedure Rules on 26 April 1999 following Lord Woolf's report, the TCC's caseload dropped slightly as a result of the new Rules' focus on alternative dispute resolution.
|
|
The Most Excellent (Spanish: Excelentísimo Señor (male) or Excelentísima Señora (female), literally "Most Excellent Sir/Madam") is an honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain people in Spain and certain Spanish- speaking countries. Following Spanish tradition, it is an ex officio style (the holder has it as long as they remain in office, in the most important positions of state) and is used in written documents and very formal occasions. The prefix is similar (but not equal) to that of "His/Her Excellency", but in the 19th century "The Most Excellent" began to replace the former. The proper use of the prefix Excellency was re-introduced in Francoist Spain by Generalísimo Francisco Franco himself, who was formally styled as Su Excelencia el Jefe del Estado ("His Excellency The Head of State"), while his ministers and senior government officials continued using the prefix "The Most Excellent".
|
|
Saudades de Nápoles (Missing Naples), 1895 by Bertha Worms. Saudade is similar but not equal to nostalgia, a word that also exists in Portuguese. In the book In Portugal of 1912, A. F. G. Bell writes: A stronger form of saudade may be felt towards people and things whose whereabouts are unknown, such as old ways and sayings; a lost lover who is sadly missed; a faraway place where one was raised; loved ones who have died; feelings and stimuli one used to have; and the faded, yet golden memories of youth. Although it relates to feelings of melancholy and fond memories of things/people/days gone by, it can be a rush of sadness coupled with a paradoxical joy derived from acceptance of fate and the hope of recovering or substituting what is lost by something that will either fill in the void or provide consolation.
|
|
The team acted as the feeder team of Switzerland national under-17 football team, thus only participate friendlies tournament. ;Relationship with U15 The team that bear U15 title only re-birthed in 2007, however the old U16 team was equivalent to the current U17, thus the old feeder U15 team was only renamed to U16 since 2001. The team born in 2007 was a new policy to commence the U16 season earlier (in second half of previous season), thus equivalent to old U14. The U15 team was active in 2007 when U17 failed to qualify to final tournament, thus U16 team de facto became U17 and new member for U16 team was selected but credited as U15. The U17 qualified from 2008 to 2010, thus U16 team was not equal to U15 team in that period, the de facto first year of commencing U15.
|
|
" Among the > milder examples of his description of Jacobins was the following: "Where the > voice of the people has the most weight in public affairs, there it is most > easy to introduce novel and subversive doctrines. In such States too, there > generally, not to say always, exists a party who, from the long habit of > hating those who administer the Government, become the enemies of the > Government itself, and are ready to sell their treacherous services to the > first bidder. To these descriptions of men, the sect of the Jacobins have > attached themselves in every country they have been suffered to enter. They > are a sort of flies, that naturally settle on the excremental and corrupted > parts of the body politic ... The persons who composed this opposition, and > who thence took the name of Anti-Federalists, were not equal to the > Federalists, either in point of riches or respectability.
|
|
The SI base unit for time is the SI second. The International System of Quantities, which incorporates the SI, also defines larger units of time equal to fixed integer multiples of one second (1 s), such as the minute, hour and day. These are not part of the SI, but may be used alongside the SI. Other units of time such as the month and the year are not equal to fixed multiples of 1 s, and instead exhibit significant variations in duration. The official SI definition of the second is as follows: At its 1997 meeting, the CIPM affirmed that this definition refers to a caesium atom in its ground state at a temperature of 0 K. The current definition of the second, coupled with the current definition of the meter, is based on the special theory of relativity, which affirms our spacetime to be a Minkowski space.
|
|
The ring of invariants of binary septics is anomalous and has caused several published errors. Cayley claimed incorrectly that the ring of invariants is not finitely generated. gave lower bounds of 26 and 124 for the number of generators of the ring of invariants and the ring of covariants and observed that an unproved "fundamental postulate" would imply that equality holds. However showed that Sylvester's numbers are not equal to the numbers of generators, which are 30 for the ring of invariants and at least 130 for the ring of covariants, so Sylvester's fundamental postulate is wrong. and showed that the algebra of invariants of a degree 7 form is generated by a set with 1 invariant of degree 4, 3 of degree 8, 6 of degree 12, 4 of degree 14, 2 of degree 16, 9 of degree 18, and one of each of the degrees 20, 22, 26, 30.
|
|
In 1777, when presenting the bill for the increase of the civil list to the king, he told George III that "parliament has not only granted to your majesty a large present supply, but also a very great additional revenue; great beyond example; great beyond your majesty's highest expense." This speech aroused general attention and caused some irritation; but the Speaker was supported by Charles James Fox and by the city of London, and received the thanks of the House of Commons. The king did not forget these plain words, and after the general election of 1780, the prime minister, Lord North, and his followers declined to support the re- election of the retiring Speaker, alleging that his health was not equal to the duties of the office, and he was defeated when the voting took place. In 1782 he was made a peer as Baron Grantley of Markenfield in the County of York.
|
|
Here his roles included Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro, and he sang in three Wagner premières, playing Orsini in Rienzi in 1842, The Dutchman in The Flying Dutchman (Der Fliegende Holländer) in 1843, and Biterolf in Tannhäuser in 1845.Oxford Music Online The last scene of Wagner's The Flying Dutchman (1843) Hector Berlioz, who heard The Flying Dutchman in Dresden, considered Wächter's baritone ‘...one of the finest I have ever heard, and he uses it like a consummate singer. It is of that rich and vibrant timbre that has such a wonderful power of expression, provided that the artist sings with soul and feeling, which Wächter does to a high degree’.Hector Berlioz, 'Mémoires de Hector Berlioz comprenant ses voyages en Italie, en Allemagne, en Russie et en Angleterre, 1803-1865', Michel Levy Freres, Éditeurs, Paris (1870) Wächter, an old friend of Wagner's, was not equal to the demanding role of the Dutchman.
|
|
Chernow (2004) In the end, the nation synthesized the two positions, adopting representative democracy and a strong nation state. Just as importantly, American politics by the 1820s accepted the two-party system whereby rival parties stake their claims before the electorate and the winner takes control of majorities in state legislatures and the Congress and gains governorships and the presidency. As time went on, the Federalists lost appeal with the average voter and were generally not equal to the tasks of party organization; hence they grew steadily weaker as the political triumphs of the Republican Party grew.Shaw Livermore, Jr., The Twilight of Federalism: The Disintegration of the Federalist Party 1815–1830 (1962) For economic and philosophical reasons, the Federalists tended to be pro-British—the United States engaged in more trade with Great Britain than with any other country—and vociferously opposed Jefferson's Embargo Act of 1807 and the seemingly deliberate provocation of war with Britain by the Madison Administration.
|
|
If Γ is a quiver, then a path in Γ is a sequence of arrows an an−1 ... a3 a2 a1 such that the head of ai+1 is the tail of ai for i = 1, ..., n−1, using the convention of concatenating paths from right to left. If K is a field then the quiver algebra or path algebra KΓ is defined as a vector space having all the paths (of length ≥ 0) in the quiver as basis (including, for each vertex i of the quiver Γ, a trivial path e_i of length 0; these paths are not assumed to be equal for different i), and multiplication given by concatenation of paths. If two paths cannot be concatenated because the end vertex of the first is not equal to the starting vertex of the second, their product is defined to be zero. This defines an associative algebra over K. This algebra has a unit element if and only if the quiver has only finitely many vertices.
|
|
The influence of the University of Seville, from the ecclesiastical point of view, was considerable, though not equal to that of the Universities of Salamanca and of Alcalá. Renowned alumni include Sebastián Antonio de Cortés, Riquelme, Rioja, Luis Germán y Ribón, founder of the Horatian Academy, Juan Sánchez, professor of mathematics at San Telmo, Martín Alberto Carbajal, Cardinal Belluga, Cardinal Francisco Solís Folch, Marcelo Doye y Pelarte, Bernardo de Torrijos, Francisco Aguilar Ribón, the Abate Marchena, Alberto Lista, and many others who shone in the magistracy, or were distinguished ecclesiastics. The University of Seville had a great influence on the development of the fine arts in Spain. In its shadow the school of the famous master Juan de Mal Lara was founded, and intellects like those of Fernando de Herrera, Juan de Arguijo, and many others were developed, while literary and artistic clubs were formed, like that of Francisco Pacheco, which was a school for both painting and poetry.
|
|
Your power is great—and there I am not equal to you—but it lies even in me to make you smile and if you and I never meet, then this play of love remains incomplete.' The great distinguished people of the world do not know that these beggars—deprived of education, honour and wealth—can, in the pride of their souls, look down upon them as the unfortunate ones who are left on the shore for their worldly uses but whose life ever misses the touch of the Lover's arms. This feeling that man is not a mere casual visitor at the palace-gate of the world, but the invited guest whose presence is needed to give the royal banquet its sole meaning, is not confined to any particular sect in India. A large tradition in medieval devotional poetry from Rajasthan and other parts of India also bear the same message of unity in celestial and romantic love and that divine love can be fulfilled only through its human beloved.
|
|
A skew- symmetric form \varphi on a vector space V over a field K of arbitrary characteristic is defined to be a bilinear form :\varphi: V \times V \mapsto K such that for all v, w in V, :\varphi(v, w) = -\varphi(w, v). This defines a form with desirable properties for vector spaces over fields of characteristic not equal to 2, but in a vector space over a field of characteristic 2, the definition is equivalent to that of a symmetric form, as every element is its own additive inverse. Where the vector space V is over a field of arbitrary characteristic including characteristic 2, we may define an alternating form as a bilinear form \phi such that for all vectors v in V :\varphi(v, v) = 0. This is equivalent to a skew-symmetric form when the field is not of characteristic 2, as seen from :0 = \varphi(v + w, v + w) = \varphi(v, v) + \varphi(v, w) + \varphi(w, v) + \varphi(w, w) = \varphi(v, w) + \varphi(w, v), whence :\varphi(v, w) = -\varphi(w, v).
|
|
Given two sets A and B, A is a subset of B if every element of A is also an element of B. In particular, each set B is a subset of itself; a subset of B that is not equal to B is called a proper subset. If A is a subset of B, then one can also say that B is a superset of A, that A is contained in B, or that B contains A. In symbols, A ⊆ B means that A is a subset of B, and B ⊇ A means that B is a superset of A. Some authors use the symbols ⊂ and ⊃ for subsets, and others use these symbols only for proper subsets. For clarity, one can explicitly use the symbols ⊊ and ⊋ to indicate non-equality. As an illustration, let R be the set of real numbers, let Z be the set of integers, let O be the set of odd integers, and let P be the set of current or former U.S. Presidents.
|
|
The hundred () was an English unit of measurement used in the production, sale, and taxation of various items in the medieval kingdom of England. The value was often not equal to 100 units, mostly owing to the continued medieval use of the Germanic long hundred of 120. The unit's use as a measure of weight is now described as a hundredweight. The Latin edition of the Assize of Weights and Measures, one of the statutes of uncertain date from around the year 1300, describes hundreds of (red) herring (a long hundred of 120 fish), beeswax, sugar, pepper, cumin, and alum (" stone, each stone containing 8 pounds" or 108 Tower lbs.), coarse and woven linen, hemp canvas (a long hundred of 120 ells), and iron or horseshoes and shillings (a short hundred of 100 pieces).. & & Later versions used the Troy or avoirdupois pounds in their reckonings instead and included hundreds of fresh herrings (a short hundred of 100 fish), cinnamon, nutmegs ( stone of 8 lb), and garlic ("15 ropes of 15 heads" or 225 heads).
|
|
The controversial "Cornerstone Speech", Alexander H. Stephens (Vice President of the Confederate States), March 21, 1861, Savannah, Georgia : "Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea; its foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery—subordination to the superior race—is his natural and normal condition." In an editorial about Native Americans and the American Indian Wars in 1890, author L. Frank Baum wrote: "The Whites, by law of conquest, by justice of civilization, are masters of the American continent, and the best safety of the frontier settlements will be secured by the total annihilation of the few remaining Indians." Full text of both, with commentary by professor A. Waller Hastings The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U.S. citizenship to whites only. In some parts of the United States, many people who were considered non-white were disenfranchised, barred from government office, and prevented from holding most government jobs well into the second half of the 20th century.
|
|
From the point of view of the logical empiricist, in fact, the question of the "true geometry" of spacetime does not arise, given that saving, e.g., Euclidean geometry by introducing universal forces which cause rulers to contract in certain directions, or postulating that such forces are equal to zero, does not mean saving the Euclidean geometry of actual space, but only changing the definitions of the corresponding terms. There are not really two incompatible theories to choose between, in the case of the true geometry of spacetime, for the empiricist (Euclidean geometry with universal forces not equal to zero, or non-Euclidean geometry with universal forces equal to zero), but only one theory formulated in two different ways, with different meanings to attribute to the fundamental terms on the basis of coordinative definitions. However, given that, according to formalism, interpreted or applied geometry does have empirical content, the problem is not resolved on the basis of purely conventionalist considerations and it is precisely the coordinative definitions, which bear the burden of finding the correspondences between mathematical and physical objects, which provide the basis for an empirical choice.
|
|
The results above give a complete description of which complex manifolds are Kobayashi hyperbolic in complex dimension 1. The picture is less clear in higher dimensions. A central open problem is the Green–Griffiths–Lang conjecture: if X is a complex projective variety of general type, then there should be a closed algebraic subset Y not equal to X such that every nonconstant holomorphic map C → X maps into Y.Demailly (1997), Conjecture 3.7. Clemens and Voisin showed that for n at least 2, a very general hypersurface X in CPn+1 of degree d at least 2n+1 has the property that every closed subvariety of X is of general type.Voisin (1996). ("Very general" means that the property holds for all hypersurfaces of degree d outside a countable union of lower-dimensional algebraic subsets of the projective space of all such hypersurfaces.) As a result, the Green–Griffiths–Lang conjecture would imply that a very general hypersurface of degree at least 2n+1 is Kobayashi hyperbolic. Note that one cannot expect all smooth hypersurfaces of a given degree to be hyperbolic, for example because some hypersurfaces contain lines (isomorphic to CP1). Such examples show the need for the subset Y in the Green–Griffiths–Lang conjecture.
|
|