At the same time, a legitimate democracy can't deny rights to a national minority.
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Most people in the West don't even know that this national minority — one of Europe's largest — exists.
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In some European countries, to be sure, Jews' status as a national minority carries with it rights they might not otherwise have.
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As we mark the end of National Minority Health Month, we must continue to highlight the health disparities that affect minority communities year-round.
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Facing record driver shortages, trucking companies "are making the adjustments because they have to," said Kevin Reid, the founder of the National Minority Trucking Association.
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Last year, she was inducted into the National Minority Business Hall of Fame and was named a trailblazing woman in labor and business by the National Women's History Project.
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"Both of our owners are Indian-Americans, our workforce is over 60% minority, and we are certified as a diversity supplier by the National Minority Supplier Development Council," the statement continued.
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"On questions relating to the status of Israel's Arabs — issues like substantive equality and recognizing Arab citizens as a national minority with collective rights — it's virtually indistinguishable from Netanyahu's Likud," he wrote.
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"At that time, the general understanding was homogeneity, that if you studied one population that you could generalize to everyone else," says Gary Puckrein, the president and CEO of National Minority Quality Forum.
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Since April is National Minority Health Month, now is the perfect time to reflect on the inequities facing millions of Americans, as well as how we can collectively pave the path for building stronger, healthier communities.
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The EU, which Serbia is negotiating to join, has taken notice, warning in a 2016 progress report: "The rights of persons belonging to a national minority to establish and register religious institutions, build and use places of worship need to be fully guaranteed in practice".
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She was awarded the Association for Communal Harmony in Asia (ACHA) Star Award for Communal Harmony in 2005, Aamil Smriti Samman in 2005 and the National Minority Rights Award 2008 by the National Minority Commission.
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On the basis of the early parliamentary election of 2020, the composition of the Sabor is as follows. There has to be noted that national minority MPs can join other clubs as well beside the national minority group.
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On the basis of the early parliamentary election of 2016, the composition of the Sabor is as follows. There has to be noted that national minority MPs can join other clubs as well beside the national minority group.
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On the basis of the parliamentary election of 2015, the composition of the Sabor as of the dissolution is as follows. There has to be noted that national minority MPs can join other clubs as well beside the national minority group.
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The Italian national minority MP Furio Radin took over his position on 19 June 2017.
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The National Minority Council of Sarajevo Canton was established in 2012, with extended powers of legislative initiative.
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The former Greek refugees were later recognized as a national minority by the Government of the Czech Republic.
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On 8 February the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians had submitted its electoral list, thus becoming the first national minority to do so (according to electoral law there is no electoral threshold for national minority lists). SVM leader István Pásztor announced the plan is to secure the five MPs won at the previous election.
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Delyanov also introduced a certain percentage for accepting the Jews in educational institutions. National minority schools were subject to mandatory russification.
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In 1991, he was named National Minority Entrepreneur of the Year, as Parks Sausage grew into a $26 million company employing 240 workers.
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Since 2006, the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina established the Council of National Minorities, as a special advisory body to give opinions, advice and proposals to the Parliamentary Assembly of BiH on all matters concerning the law, position and interests of national minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The BiH National Minority Council is composed of 17 representatives of national minorities, one representative on behalf of each ethnic minority.ACFC/SR/IV(2016)007 The National Minority Council of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity was established in March 2016. The National Minority Council of the Republika Srpska entity was established in 2005.
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43 The party was led by Raphael Abramovitch.Pinkus, Benjamin. Jews of the Soviet Union: A History of a National Minority. [S.l.]: Cambridge, 1990. p.
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In the Czech Republic, national minorities are afforded classic national minority rights, including government funding for the protection of their language and culture. In recent years, the Vietnamese community has sought recognition as a national minority. In 2004, however, the Government Council for National Minorities, the advisory body of the Czech Government on the issues of national minorities, concluded that the Vietnamese do not constitute a "national minority", as this term only applies to indigenous minorities who have inhabited the Czech territory for a long period of time. Eventually in 2013, a representative of the Vietnamese was accepted as a member of the Government Council for National Minorities, which in the absence of precise legal criteria, has been understood as an official recognition of the Vietnamese ethnic minority as a national minority by both authorities and the public.
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Montenegrins in Bosnia and Herzegovina are an officially recognised national minority. The 1991 census counted 10,071 ethnic Montenegrins, while the 2013 census, counted some 7,150..
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An earlier one provides general information about national minority language policies. נאַציאַנאַלע מינאָריטעטן און מינאָריטעט־שפּראַכן National Minorities and Minority Languages. Retrieved 4 December 2006.
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The Montenegrins of Croatia are a national minority in the republic. According to the 2011 census, there are 4,517 ethnic Montenegrins in Croatia. The highest number of Montenegrins in Croatia is in the Croatian capital Zagreb. Montenegrins are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of four other national minorities.
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From 1996 on, the office started auditing. Ritter also has a tax expert qualification. After the Rendszerváltás, Ritter actively participated in the emerging national minority self-government.
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LPB is also part of the National Minority Consortia, an organization composed of several minority public broadcasting organizations that wish to bring more diversity to public broadcasting.
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Not only in the whole of Latvia but in all the historical regions of the country the number of this national minority grew constantly. According to the first statistical data of 1920, the number of the Russian population at that time was 91,000. In 1935 the number of the Russian minority had increased up to 206,000. During the whole period of independence, Russians remained the biggest national minority of the country.
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The convention does not define "national minority" and several countries set their own definition of the term when they ratified the treaty. For example, the United Kingdom ratified the convention on the understanding that it would be applied with reference to "racial groups" within the meaning of Section 3(1) of the Race Relations Act 1976.Hansard – Andrew George – March 2007 Since this excluded the Cornish people, this resulted in pressure, including from Cornwall Council, for the UK Government to recognise the Cornish as a national minority. In April 2014, it was announced by the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Danny Alexander, that the UK Government would recognise the Cornish as a national minority under the FCNM.
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Its large number of bot-generated articles brought attention to the Volapük language, which often exemplifies the extent of Wikipedia's multilingualism across national, minority, dead and constructed languages alike.
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This is a list of flags that are used exclusively in Cornwall, or by the Cornish people, a recognised national minority of the United Kingdom. The Cornish flag flying.
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In October 2015, Cornwall Council announced that staff would be encouraged to use "basic words and phrases" in Cornish when dealing with the public. In 2014 the Cornish people were recognised by the UK Government as a national minority under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. The FCNM provides certain rights and protections to a national minority with regard to their minority language.Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
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A History of the Jewish People. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1976. p. 966Pinkus, Benjamin. Jews of the Soviet Union: A History of a National Minority. [S.l.]: Cambridge, 1990. p.
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In 2008 and 2013, the institution also held the annual Festival of Lithuanian National Minority Sunday Schools. Each year this festival takes place in a different city. As of 2006, the institution has been regularly holding photography events where professional photographers interact with the national minority communities and high school students in order to create exhibits representing various cultures, which are later on displayed at various national cultural centers, galleries, schools, shopping malls and other public venues. The institution maintains close relationships with the non-governmental institutions of the national minorities (Armenians, Belorussians, Poles, Roma, Russians, Tartars, Ukrainians, Germans, Jews, etc.). Various events, gatherings and artists’ rehearsals are constantly held by the national minority communities in the premises of the institution.
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The Miao Rebellion of 1735-36 was an uprising of autochthonous people from southwest China (called by the Chinese "Miao", but including more than the antecedents of the present-day Miao national minority).
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In the 1917 elections in Russia, the party obtained around 8% of the Jewish votes.Pinkus, Benjamin. The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Soviet and East European studies.
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George Hardy (26 July 1884 – 4 May 1966) was an English communist. He was General Secretary of the Industrial Workers of the World in 1921 and later secretary of the National Minority Movement.
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The National Minority Movement was established at a convention held on 23–24 August 1924, attended by 271 delegates, claiming to represent 200,000 workers.E.H. Carr, Socialism in One Country, vol. 3, pt. 1, pg. 134.
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As a result of conflicts with the ethnically dominant Albanians, many Montenegrins moved from Kosovo to Montenegro or to Serbia proper. In December 2008, the Republic of Kosovo recognized the Montenegrin national minority in Kosovo.
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The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people or 14% of 770 million Europeans.Christoph Pan, Beate Sibylle Pfeil, Minderheitenrechte in Europa. Handbuch der europäischen Volksgruppen (2002)., English translation 2004.
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Hebrew is one of several languages for which the constitution of South Africa calls to be respected in their use for religious purposes. Also, Hebrew is an official national minority language in Poland, since 6 January 2005.
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After the 2019 parliamentary election, in which the Left Alliance gained four seats, the party joined the SDP-led Rinne Cabinet. Andersson became Minister of Education. Andersson is a member of the Swedish-speaking Finn national minority.
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According to the 2011 census, there were 186,633 Serbs living in Croatia (4.4% of the population) which are recognized as a national minority by the Croatian Constitution and therefore have 3 permanent seats in the Croatian Parliament.
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The establishment of the Latvian State, on November 18, 1918, made local Russians determine new principles in their relations with the government. Under the new conditions, the Russians of Latvia became a national minority whose special cultural interests were regulated by the Law on the Cultural-National Autonomy of Minorities, adopted by the People's Council. Russians enjoyed full rights as Latvian citizens and therefore, took part in the political life of the country. Russians, as a national minority, participated in the elections to the Constituent Assembly of Latvia and to all the four Saeimas.
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In parallel with the work in Zhejiang a similar exchange was established with Beijing Normal University and Professor Wang Yingjie. This led to a UNICEF supported program to research educational reform in three different districts – one rich, one poor, and one with a national minority population.Implementing basic education in China: progress and prospects in rich, poor and national minority areas, Keith M. Lewin and Wang Jing Yie, International Institute for Educational Planning, 1994. This was consolidated into a book published by the UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning.
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In 2010 Nandan's population was . 72.73% () of the people belong to the national minority. Ethnic groups include Zhuang, Han, Yao, Mulao, Maonan, Miao, and Shui. In these ethnic groups, Zhuang population was 101,165 (34.71%), Han was 75,903 (27.27%).
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Cited in L.J. Macfarlane, The British Communist Party, pg. 153. The 2nd Annual Conference of the National Minority Movement was held on 29 and 30 August 1925. The gathering was attended by 683 delegates, claiming to represent 750,000 workers.
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National Minority Enterprise Development Week, also known as National MED Week, is a special week in the month of October, observed in the United States to recognize and celebrate the achievements and contributions of the minority business enterprise community.
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The Jews of the Soviet Union: the history of a national minority. Cambridge University Press, January 1990. ; pp. 229-230. In addition, Soviet restrictions on religious education and expression prevented Jews from engaging in Jewish cultural and religious life.
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Cornwall Council backs the campaign for the Cornish to be recognised as a National Minority in the UK. The council's then chief executive Kevin Lavery wrote a letter to the Government in 2010, writing, "Cornwall Council firmly believes that the UK Government should recognise the Cornish as a national minority under the terms of the Framework Convention." Adding that, "Cornwall Council believes that the Government's current restricted interpretation is discriminatory against the Cornish and contradicts the support it gives to Cornish culture and identity through its own departments." Cornwall Council's support was officially reaffirmed as council policy in 2011 with the publication of the Cornish National Minority Report 2, signed and endorsed by the then leaders of every political grouping on the council. The council took an active role in the promotion of the options for registering Cornish ethnicity and national identity on the 2011 UK Census.
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The speech was in line with the previous condemnation of the antisemitic pogroms perpetrated by the White Army during the Russian Civil War.Benjamin Pinkus. The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
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Created and developed by Fred Hutton (among others) the early programming featured independent produced programs, along with 1930s and 1940s public domain race films. The company was the only minority-certified television network with the National Minority Supplier Development Council.
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This special regulation however does not necessarily apply to a Turkish party, as the Turkish do not yet enjoy the status of a national minority in Germany, unlike the Danish party in Schleswig-Holstein, the SSW, or the Sorbs in Saxony.
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In Prague, which has the largest community of Vietnamese, a Vietnamese representative had been a member of the city's National Minority Council and Vietnamese had been included in Prague's policy for national minorities before this happened at the national level.
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Although the 2011 census in Croatia listed Serbs as the largest national minority in Croatia, with 4.4% of the total population, the number of people who had declared Serbian language as their native was only 1.23% of the total population (52,879).
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In 1950, the Israeli Foreign Ministry published a booklet arguing against the return of Palestinian refugees to the country. It stated that any return of refugees would introduce the problem of a national minority, "which has been almost eliminated by the war".
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In 2005 Macedonians in Serbia also established a National Minority Council, which represents as a step towards safeguarding their interests. Jovo Radevski was elected as its president. The Democratic Party of Macedonians is the primary minority party. It is centered in Novi Sad.
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The ONS has projected that the population will grow by nine million between 2014 and 2039. England contains one indigenous national minority, the Cornish people, recognised by the UK government under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 2014.
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The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities defines a national minority implicitly to include minorities possessing a territorial identity and a distinct cultural heritage. By 2008, 39 member states had signed and ratified the Convention, with the notable exception of France.
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Murphy was active in the National Minority Movement, the British section of RILU, from the time of its formation in 1924. He was also a member of the Executive Committee of CPGB from its formation in 1920 until Murphy's resignation from the party in 1932.
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The Labour government failed to secure a fourth consecutive term, after the National Party entered into support agreements with the ACT, United Future and Māori parties, resulting in a National minority government. The Chief Electoral Officer released the official results on 22 November 2008.
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The third Congress was held in Göttingen, West Germany in May 1981, with 600 delegates and observers from 28 different countries. Attendees supported the call for Roma to be recognized as a national minority of Indian origin. The Porajmos was a major topic of discussion.
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In May 1995, in cooperation with the member organisations of the Central Council, Rose achieved recognition for German Sinti and Roma as a national minority in Germany with their own minority language, connected with their goal of equal participation in social and political life.
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Ukrainians in Hungary are a small group, numbering at around only 5,000 people, but are notable because of the shared border by Ukraine and Hungary, making them a national minority (one who is native to the nation bordering the one in which they live).
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The government funds religion and ethics classes in public schools. The school must receive the approval of the parents of at least 10 students in order to hold religion classes; if such approval is not obtained, students take courses on general ethics. The Center for Educational Content at the Ministry of Education must review the content of the classes to verify they do not violate freedom of conscience. Students at state-supported national minority schools may attend classes on a voluntary basis on the religion “characteristic of the national minority.” Other nontraditional religious groups without their own state-supported minority schools may provide religious education only in private schools.
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Flag of the Bosniak national minority in Serbia adopted by the Bosniac National Council amongst other national symbols In these new circumstances, the status of national minorities in Serbia and Montenegro was legally regulated. On 6 September 2003, the BNVS held an electoral assembly in Novi Pazar; Sulejman Ugljanin was re-elected president. During the Assembly, the Bosniac National Council of Sandžak was suspended, and, in accordance with the new law, the Bosniac National Council (; BNV) started functioning. The Statute of the Bosniac National Council, adopted on 13 September 2003, described the Bosniac National Council as the highest representative body of the Bosniak national minority in Serbia.
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President Trump with 2017 National MED Week Award Winners in the Oval Office The Agency holds National Minority Enterprise Development Week in the month of October, observed in the United States to recognize and celebrate the achievements and contributions of the minority business enterprise community. President Ronald Reagan first recognized National MED Week in 1983. The week is formally celebrated each year by the Minority Business Development Agency, a U.S. government agency housed within the U.S. Department of Commerce. On October 20, 2017, President Donald Trump issued a proclamation which officially designated October 22 through October 28, 2017 as National Minority Enterprise Development Week.
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This is a list of Tamils of Sri Lanka by their country of domicile or origin. All communities that speak (or spoke) Tamil and originally came from Sri Lanka are included. Tamils of Sri Lanka today are a trans-national minority and are found across the globe.
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In September 2011, a new general manager, Elizabeth Cheng, for the network was hired. United States budget sequestration in 2013 caused a cut in Corporation for Public Broadcasting's budget. The CPB then used some fund ($750,000) formerly earmarked for the National Minority Consortia towards the World network.
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More than 100,000 of the candidates were from national minority groups. A year later, there were approximately 1.8 million students taking the three-day college entrance examination to compete for 560,000 places. Liberal arts candidates were tested on politics, Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages, history, and geography.
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Poles in Romania form an officially recognised national minority, having one seat in the Chamber of Deputies of Romania (currently held by the Union of Poles of Romania ) (. Poles in Romania have access to Polish elementary schools and cultural centers which are referred to as "Polish Homes".
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These included the Kaganovich Yiddish Theater, the Yiddish publishing house, the Yiddish newspaper Birobidzhan, the library of Yiddish and Hebrew books, and the local Jewish schools.Pinkus, Benjamin (1990). The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 193. .
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Montenegrin municipal elections were held in all 21 municipalities, between June 2004 and October 2006. It resulted in the victory of the ruling DPS-SDP coalition in 15 out of 21 municipalities, where they secured a majority, alone or in a coalition with national minority parties.
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Linguistic map of North Macedonia, 2002 census. The main and official language of North Macedonia is the Macedonian language. The Albanian language is the largest minority language and has some official status. There are a further five national minority languages: Turkish, Romani, Serbian, Bosnian, and Aromanian.
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The attendees also claimed that they were "not protesting against Slovaks in general, they were protesting the fact, that they have no rights whatsoever as a national minority". All the major Slovak political parties denounced the meeting as counterproductive feat, that will only exacerbate the tension.
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Of those, 12,000 to 14,000 lived in Sarajevo, comprising 20% of the city's population. Today, there are 281 Jews living in Bosnia and Herzegovina, recognised as a national minority. They enjoy excellent relations with their non-Jewish neighbors. Sephardi Jewish couple from Sarajevo in traditional clothing.
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The National Minority Movement was a British organisation, established in 1924 by the Communist Party of Great Britain, which attempted to organise a radical presence within the existing trade unions. The organization was headed by longtime unionist Tom Mann and future General Secretary of the CPGB Harry Pollitt.
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In 2009 she was elected to the Norwegian parliament, the Storting for the first time, and from 2009 until the 2013 parliamentary election she served as the Labour Party's parliamentary leader. Officially registered as a member of the Sami national minority, Pedersen was Norway's first officially Sámi cabinet minister.
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Pinkus, Benjamin The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Cambridge; New York; New Rochelle, N.Y.; Melbourne; and Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1988. pp. 59–65 In 1930, the Yevsektsiya was dissolved, leaving no central Jewish organization in the Soviet Union, secular or religious.
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" From the open letter of the NPF "Pamyat" leader D. Vasilyev to the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin: :"Mr. President, your initiative to make taxes lower meets our demands. It is a positive step. Unfortunately, modern economy is an economy of national minority, which oppresses the majority.
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Reese is married to Sara and has three children. In 2012, he started the National Minority Angel Network to promote investment in companies owned by women, minorities, and veterans. As a panelist during Philly Tech Week 2017, Reese spoke on the benefit of a business plan for minority startups.
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In 2009, the Riksdag passed the Language Law ("Språklag" SFS 2009:600), which contains provisions concerning the Swedish language, the five national minority languages and Swedish Sign Language. Among its provisions is a general mandate to safeguard the Swedish language, linguistic diversity in Sweden, and individuals' access to language.
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During the 1930 Second All-Ukrainian Meeting on Working with National Minorities, held in 1930, participants noted that Zai Greit! was the sole national minority publication in the Ukrainian SSR with a satisfactory circulation.І. М. Конончук. КУЛЬТУРНО-ОСВІТНІЙ РОЗВИТОК ЕТНОНАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ МЕНШИН В УКРАЇНІ У 20–30-ті рр.
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Siberian Ukrainians (, "Sibirskye Ukraintsy"), (,"Sybirsʹki Ukrayintsy") form a national minority in Siberia and the Russian Far East, but make up the majority in some cities there. Siberian Ukrainians, one of the largest and historically important constituent parts of the Ukrainian diaspora, represent one of the first Ukrainian diasporas.
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The national minority of Sweden Finns usually does not include immigrated Swedish-speaking Finns, and the national minority of Sweden Finns is protected by Swedish laws that grant specific rights to speakers of the Finnish language. English somewhat lacks the distinction between Finns in Sweden (), which emphases nationality rather than linguistic or ethnic belonging and thereby includes all Finnish heritage regardless of language, and Sweden Finns () which emphases linguistic and ethnic belonging rather than nationality and usually excludes Swedish-speaking Finns. Such distinctions are, however, blurred by the dynamics of migration, bilingualism, and national identities in the two countries. Note that speakers of Meänkieli are singled out as a separate linguistic minority by Swedish authorities.
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"Serbian official says Hungarian Serbs exposed to threats," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring European, 14 September 2004 (Source: SRNA news agency, Bijeljina, in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian 1103 gmt 14 Sep 04). He also met with officials from the Republic of Macedonia on the status of Serbs in that country,"Macedonia promises to tackle Serb minority issue - Serbian report," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring European, 28 January 2005 (Source: FoNet news agency, Belgrade, in Serbian 1332 gmt 28 Jan 05). supported an effort by Serbs in Austria to gain official national minority status,"Austrian Serbs to demand national minority status," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring European, 4 February 2005 (Source: SRNA news agency, Bijeljina, in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian 1427 gmt 4 Feb 05).
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Most Sharchops speak Tshangla, a Tibeto-Burman language; fewer speak the Olekha language. They also learn the national language, Dzongkha. Because of their proximity to Northeastern India, some speak Assamese. Tshangla is also spoken by the Monpa (Menba) national minority across the border in China, distributed in Mêdog, Nyingchi and Dirang.
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At the beginning of 2017, 3,034 citizens of Belarus lived in Latvia.Распределение жителей Латвии по государственной принадлежности 01.01.2017 In total, 69,298 ethnic Belarusians live in Latvia, making them the second largest national minority in the country (about 3.3% of the population).Распределение жителей Латвии по национальности и государственной принадлежности 01.01.
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It was approved by a unanimous quorum, numbering 109 members. Eleven deputies representing the Serbian national minority boycotted the proceedings. All nine other ethnic minority representatives were part of the quorum. The terms of the declaration state that Kosovo's independence is limited to the principles outlined by the Ahtisaari plan.
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Montenegrin municipal elections were held in all 21 municipalities, between April 2004 and October 2006. It resulted in the decisive victory of the ruling Coalition for European Montenegro in 18 out of 21 municipalities, where he has secured a majority, on its own or in a coalition with national minority parties.
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The National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) has 113 members, elected for a five-year term, 105 members elected in multi-seat constituencies and 8 members elected in single- seat national minority constituencies. Political parties must attain at least 5% of the vote in order to gain a seat in the legislature.
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The Cornish people were finally recognised as a National Minority by the British Government on 24 April 2014 and incorporated into the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities giving the Cornish the same status as the United Kingdom's other Celtic peoples, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish.
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234 The party advocated for full political autonomy of Subcarpathian Rus' within the Second Czechoslovak Republic. Politically, it displayed anti-semitic and far right characteristics.Němcová 2000, 247. In the programmatic declarations of the party, it demanded recognition of the Carpatho-Russian national minority, support or Slavic ideas and genuine democracy.
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The history of skyscrapers in Beijing began in 1959 with the completion of the National Minority Hotel. Beijing's skyline gradually expanded upward at a modest rate for three decades. The completion of the China World Trade Center Tower 1 in 1989 marked the beginning of Beijing's first building boom that lasted ten years.
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In January 2011, the representative of the Macedonians in Romania, Liana Dumitrescu, died. As she was a representative of a national minority, her seat had no college. As a result, her seat was left empty. In April 2011 Victor Surdu died, vacating his seat in the Chamber of Deputies, Neamț County constituency 6.
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The Ukrainians in Kuban in southern Russia constitute a national minority. The region as a whole shares many linguistic, cultural and historic ties with Ukraine. Ukrainians first settled in the Kuban region in 1792. Until the mid- twentieth century the majority of the population there identified themselves as Little Russians or Ukrainians.
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In 2009, the Riksdag passed a national language law recognizing Swedish as the main and common language of society, as well as the official language for "international contexts". The law also confirmed the official status of the five national minority languages — Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sámi languages and Yiddish — and Swedish Sign Language.
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He launched the first publicly owned MESBIC (Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company). President Richard Nixon appointed Hill as co-chairman of the National Minority Purchasing Council. In 1977, Hill opened W.H. Bone & Company, one of the first black-owned mainstream, fine dining restaurants in the nation. In 1982, Hill moved to Alameda, California.
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In mid-May 1985, Carson Broadcasting shut down KNAT altogether after being unable to sell the station. The station stayed up for sale through the Fall of 1985, when Trinity Broadcasting Network, through National Minority Television, purchased KNAT. By the winter of 1986, KNAT was back on the air running TBN programming 24/7.
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The Croat quest for independence led to large Serb communities within Croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the Croat republic. Serbs in Croatia would not accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign Croatia, since they would be demoted from the status of a constituent nation of the entirety of Yugoslavia.
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The term national minority is often used to discuss minority groups in international and national politics. All countries contain some degree of racial, ethnic, or linguistic diversity. In addition, minorities may also be immigrant, indigenous or landless nomadic communities. This often results in variations in language, culture, beliefs, practices, that set some groups apart from the dominant group.
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Derviçan (, also known as Dervician) is a settlement in the former Dropull i Poshtëm municipality, Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Dropull. It is within the larger Dropull region. In 1991, the political organization Omonoia was founded in Dervican, by representatives of the Greek national minority.
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Per government policy towards ethnic minorities, A Ge was recruited at age twelve to attend the Sichuan Fine Arts Institute and was encouraged to create art to publicize Yi minority culture and help development. In 1964 she graduated from the national minority class at the Sichuan branch of the China Artists Association. She is married to Xu Kuang.
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She has been invited more than 1000 conferences worldwide as chief guest or as Main Speaker. She spread the Jain religion concepts all over the world. She has given more than 100 talks on different radio and TV channels (Aastha, Sanskar, Jain TV .. etc.). She is nominated State coordinator (Maharashtar, state) by National Minority Commission for Educational institutions, Govt.
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Macedonians in Croatia refers to the group of ethnic Macedonians who reside in Croatia. According to the official census of 2011, there are 4,138 ethnic Macedonians in Croatia. Macedonians are recognised as an autochthonous national minority, and as such they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of four other national minorities.
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After the war, the newly established Republic of Czechoslovakia acknowledged Jews as a national minority, with the rights that go along with it. Jews in Ústí mostly spoke German prior to the rise of Czech nationalism and culture. In 1921, the Jewish population was 976. Zionism also took root in the Ústí Jewish community after Czech independence.
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Nariman Sabitov Ufa School of Music Education in Bashkortostan is part of the education system in Russia. A distinctive feature of this system is the possibility of studying in the Bashkir and Tatar languages and learning the languages of the national minority peoples in secondary schools with reservations: a substantial number of school students studying in Russian languages.
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In 2005, the Republic of Croatia ratified a bilateral agreement with Serbia and Montenegro on the protection of the Serbian and Montenegrin minority in Croatia and the Croatian national minority in Serbia and Montenegro. However, Serbs continue to face discrimination in public sector employment and the restitution of tenancy rights to social housing vacated during the war.
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In Bosnia and Herzegovina exists more than 100 national minority CSOs. Generally, associations operate individually or within the alliances. The Association of National Minorities of Republika Srpska (ANMRS) was established in 2003 as a voluntary and open non-partisan association of citizens. It gathers, as an umbrella organisations, 40 member associations of national minorities in Republika Srpska..
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Many Albanians at home, in the region and around the world speak more than two languages. Italian is widely spoken throughout Albania. Greek, the language of the Greek national minority is focused in southern Albania, however many Albanian nationals command the Greek language due to immigration. Nowadays, knowledge of English is growing very rapidly, especially among the youth.
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Article 16 of the Montserrat Constitution and Article 79 of the Labour Code ban discrimination based on sexual orientation: :The expression "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different persons on any ground such as sex, sexual orientation, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.
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In Britain, the Bureau worked closely with the National Minority Movement. The Communist Party of Canada established a national section called the Workers' Unity League. The American section began in 1922 as the Trade Union Educational League, succeeded in 1929 by a more radical variant which attempted to establish dual unions, the Trade Union Unity League.
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Daruvar (, , , ) is a spa town and municipality in Slavonia, northeastern Croatia, with a population of 8,567, as of 2011. It is located on the foothills of Papuk mountain and along the Toplica river. The main political and cultural centre of the Czech national minority in Croatia, it has a winemaking tradition reportedly dating back more than 2000 years.
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Jiang's (2015) data is mostly from Guzan Township. Most groups who speak languages that are part of the Qiangic subgroup of Tibeto-Burman are classified as members of the Tibetan national minority and live in western Sichuan province.Turin, M., & Zeisler, B. (Eds.). (2011). Himalayan Languages and Linguistics: Studies in Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax (p. 304).
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A large part of the population emigrated to Bulgaria. An armed conflict started in 1922 when pro-Bulgarian separatist IWORO carried out numerous assaults on the Tzaribrod–Belgrade railway. Bulgarians have received the status of a national minority after WWII. They live in the Caribrod and Bosilegrad municipalities and in some villages in Pirot, Babušnica and Surdulica municipalities.
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In Sweden, tattare is now considered a disparaging term and has been completely abandoned in official use. Since 2000 Swedish Travellers are officially referred to as resande (Travellers), and counted as one of several groups within the "Roma" national minority. They often refer to themselves as resandefolket (Travelling people), or dinglare. Less common is the term tavringar.
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The Hungarian name Hodos (the current name in the language of the national minority) and the former Slovak name Hodoš derive from Hungarian appellative hód - a beaver. After the abolition of serfdom and some noble privileges in 1848, the village was renamed to Nemeshodos (nemes - noble). In 1948, the village was renamed to Vydrany. This name comes from a translation mistake.
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He has served on the Board of Trustees of the University of Dayton since 2011. Hinrichs was Chairman of the Board for the National Minority Supplier Development Council (NMSDC) from October, 2016 to March, 2019. He has also been actively engaged in leading charity campaigns for organizations such as the March of Dimes, Boy Scouts, Focus: HOPE, JDRF, and the Arthritis Foundation.
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257-264:'Residents of the West Bank and Gaza say that the use of stones is traditional . . Most Palestinians interviewed here see the practice as hard evidence they were not using weapons.'(p.259). popular protestYitzhak Reiter, Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution: National Minority, Regional Majority: Palestinian Arabs Verses Jews In Israel,, Syracuse University Press, 2009 pp.60, 141.
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Bulgarians in Croatia (, ) are one of 22 national minorities in Croatia. According to the last census from 2001, there was 331 Bulgarians living in Croatia, from which most of them lived in Zagreb. Bulgarians are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of eleven other national minorities.
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Ibrahim al-Jaafari, leader of the Islamic Dawa Party, became th Prime Minister of Iraq and Jalal Talabani of the Kurdistani Alliance became the President of Iraq. In March 2005, the Iraqi Turkmen Front agreed to join the UIA’s caucus in the National Assembly. In return, Sistani reportedly pledged support for the recognition of Iraqi Turkmen as a national minority.
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The Bosniak National Council () is a representative body of the Bosniak national minority in Serbia. It was founded as the Muslim National Council of Sandžak (MNVS) on 11 May 1991. Its first president and founder is Sulejman Ugljanin. Until 2003, the Bosniak National Council was called the Bosniak National Council of Sandžak (BNVS), after which it took its current name.
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President Donald Trump became the first President of the United States to formally recognize minority-owned businesses in the Oval Office during National MED Week, when he welcomed winners of the National MED Week Awards on October 24, 2017. On October 20, 2017, President Trump issued a proclamation to officially designate October 22 through October 28, 2017 as National Minority Enterprise Development Week.
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Zoran Milanović in the Croatian Parliament on 23 December 2011 Milanović's approval rating since becoming Prime Minister, conducted by Ipsos Puls Milanović presented his cabinet to the Parliament on 23 December, 19 days after the election. The discussion resulted with 89 members, 81 Kukuriku and 8 national minority MPs, voting in favour of the Milanović cabinet."Pogledajte kako je izglasano povjerenje Vladi!", rtl.
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He was heavily influenced by the Communist intellectual Rajani Palme Dutt and the two remained close allies for many years. From 1924 to 1929 Pollitt was General Secretary of the National Minority Movement, a Communist-led united front within the trade unions. In 1925, Pollitt married Marjory Edna Brewer (b. 1902), a communist schoolteacher; the marriage eventually produced a son and a daughter.
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Polish primary school and gymnasium in Český Těšín. The Polish national minority has a network of schools including kindergartens, primary schools, grammar schools, and secondary modern schools, with Polish as a language of instruction. A number of the teachers have been educated at Polish universities. There are currently 25 Polish primary schools and two Polish high schools in Zaolzie, attended by 2,347 students.
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Mann was chairman of the British Bureau of the Red International of Labor Unions and its successor, the National Minority Movement, from their formation in 1921 until 1929.For more on the British Bureau of RILU see James Klugmann, History of the Communist Party of Great Britain: Volume 1: Formation and Early Years, 1919–1924. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1968. Pages 108–116.
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Money with Yiddish labels. Hadashot by Vaad of Ukraine. January of 2008 Before World War II, a little under one-third of Ukraine's urban population consisted of Jews who were the largest national minority in Ukraine. Ukrainian Jews are comprised by a number of sub-groups, including Ashkenazi Jews, Mountain Jews, Bukharan Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchak Jews and Georgian Jews.
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Ethnic Croats form a small minority North Macedonia. As of 2002, there were 2,686 declared Croats living in the country . They mostly live in the capital city Skopje, the second largest city Bitola and around Lake Ohrid. In 2006, Croatian President Stjepan Mesić and his Macedonian counterpart Nikola Gruevski announced that the Croats would receive national minority status in Macedonia.
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The two main Hungarian associations in Croatia are the Democratic Union of Hungarians of Croatia ( or HMDK) and the Union of Hungarian Associations ( or MESZ). Hungarians are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament. In the Croatian parliamentary election, 2016, HMDK member Robert Jankovics was elected as their representative.
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Currently, the number of Panonian Rusyns declines and is estimated to be about 15.000. The main reason for this is the increased number of Rusyns who decided to move to Canada. Rusyns are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority in Croatia and, as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of eleven other national minorities.
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Leader of the list and also a candidate for Mayor of Niš is Prof. Dr Milan Višnjić. # Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak – Sulejman Ugljanin (Stranka demokratske akcije Sandžaka - dr Sulejman Ugljanin/Странка демократске акције Санџака – др Сулејман Угљанин) M The Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak is a Bosniak national minority list on this election. Leader of the list is Sulejman Ugljanin.
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Croatian National Council of the Republic of Serbia () is the representative body of Croats in Serbia, established for the protection of the rights and the minority self-government of Croats in Serbia. It represents Croatian national minority in the official use of language, education, information and culture, participates in decision-making or decide on issues and establishes institutions in these areas.
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Wissenschaften, 1985. pp. 317-318 The party demanded nationalizations of key industries, equality for national minorities and development of bilateral links with the Soviet Union. In the summer of 1922, the Fareynikte merged into party. At the time of the merger, the Fareynikte had conditioned their entry into the party demanding that separate national minority sections (for Jews, Germans, Ukrainians, etc..) to be formed within the party.
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Babić is a medical doctor educated at the University of Novi Sad and based in Sombor in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. He was a member of the National Council of the Bunjevac National Minority from 2002 to 2010, at a time when council members were chosen by indirect election.'Elektori Nacionalnog saveta bunjevačke nacionalne manjine 2002. godine and Članovi Nacionalnog saveta bunjevačke nacionalne manjine od 2002.
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He also joined the National Minority Movement, and was the first chairman of the Glasgow Central Strike Co-ordination Committee during the 1926 UK general strike, although he was replaced by Peter Kerrigan after a few days. In 1928, he formed an unofficial Scottish district committee of the NUFW which prospered, despite the opposition of the union's leadership. He died, still in post, in 1941.
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Romanians (, ) are a recognised national minority in Serbia. The total number of declared Romanians according to the 2011 census was 29,332, while 35,330 people declared themselves Vlachs; there are differing views among some of the Vlachs over they should be regarded as Romanians or as members of a distinctive nationality. Declared Romanians are mostly concentrated in Banat, while declared Vlachs are mostly concentrated in Eastern Serbia.
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Boris Tadić - Postavi pitanje predsedniku Tadić received support from G17 Plus and Sanjak Democratic Party, partners from the Government. He also received support of various national minority parties including Hungarian and Romani parties. He received 1,457,030 votes (35.39 percent) in the first round. In the second round on 3 February 2008, he faced Tomislav Nikolić and won the election with 2,304,467 votes (50.31 percent).
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The Polish minority in Czechoslovakia (, , ) (today the Polish minority in the Czech Republic (, ) and Slovakia (, ) is the Polish national minority living mainly in the Zaolzie region of western Cieszyn Silesia. The Polish community is the only national (or ethnic) minority in the Czech Republic that is linked to a native specific geographical area.European Commission 2006. Zaolzie is located in the north-eastern part of the country.
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The Polish minority in the Czech Republic (, ) is a Polish national minority living mainly in the Zaolzie region of western Cieszyn Silesia. The Polish community is the only national (or ethnic) minority in the Czech Republic that is linked to a specific geographical area. Zaolzie is located in the north- eastern part of the country. It comprises Karviná District and the eastern part of Frýdek-Místek District.
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The Jino (also spelled Jinuo) people (, endonym: or ) are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They live in Xishuangbanna in Yunnan province, China. The Jino are one of the less numerous of the recognized minorities in China and the last one included as "national minority" because they were only recognized in 1979.
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The Ge () is an ethnic group in the People's Republic of China. The Ge people are not officially recognised as national minority group, but as a sub-group under the Miao people. This is primarily because they speak the same language as the Miao people called Hmongic language, with slight variation. They are also often classified as Gejia people, who are living in a different region.
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The statute of the Joint Council of Municipalities defines Bože pravde as the anthem of Serbian national minority. While majority of ethnic communities in Croatia use symbols of their mother countries it is not the case with Serbs in eastern Croatia as they accepted their symbols during the existence of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and modern symbols of the Republic of Serbia were accepted only in 2006.
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In December 2016 the Regional Council approved a bill, signed into law as act 28/2016, aimed at recognising Venetians as a "national minority" (under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities), protecting Venetian language and opening the way to its teaching in public schools. Also this law was challenged by the Italian government and finally overturned by the Constitutional Court in April 2018.
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The Jews living in Estonia could now defend their rights as a national minority. The Jewish Community was officially recognized with the approval of its charter on 11 April 1992. Estonia resumed its traditional regard of its Jews with friendship and accommodation. In support of this a new Cultural Autonomy Act, based on the original 1925 law, was passed in Estonia in October 1993.
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The name comes from a personal name with the Slavic/Slovak possessive suffix -ov. In historical records the modern name of the village was first mentioned in 1434 (Tomaschoff). In 1456, the village was mentioned as Thamashaza. Fél (1250, Feel) - the official modern name of Tomášov in the language of the Hungarian national minority was initially a separate village, but nowadays it is part of Tomášov.
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After the break-up of Yugoslavia, Czech areas were found near war operations and many Czechs participated in Croatian army. Czechs are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they, together with the Slovaks of Croatia, elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament. In the elections of 2000, 2003, and 2007, the Czech and Slovak representative was Zdenka Čunhil from the Croatian Peasant Party.
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The Albanians of Croatia (; ) are people of full or partial Albanian ancestry and heritage in Croatia. They are an autochthonous national minority recognized by the Constitution of Croatia. As such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of four other national minorities. The Albanian language is recognised in Croatia. In the 2011 Croatian census, there were 17,513 Albanians living in Croatia, 0.41% of total population.
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Slovenes of Croatia (, ) are one of 22 national minorities in Croatia. According to 2011 census, there were 10,517 Slovenes in Croatia, with majority (approximately 60%) living in only three counties Istria County, Primorje- Gorski Kotar County and consolidated city-county Zagreb. Slovenes are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of four other national minorities.
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Pan and Pfeil (2004) count 87 distinct "peoples of Europe", of which 33 form the majority population in at least one sovereign state, while the remaining 54 constitute ethnic minorities. The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people, or 14% of 770 million Europeans. (including Europeans in Asian Russia)Christoph Pan, Beate Sibylle Pfeil,Minderheitenrechte in Europa. Handbuch der europäischen Volksgruppen (2002). Living-diversity.
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The Istro-Romanians were not recognized as a national minority unlike other peoples. Actually, researchers of the time point the discrimination they suffer. The German linguist Gustav Weigand mentions that their schoolarization is very poor. Both Croats and Italians seek to assimilate them, and as a result, in the Istro-Romanian villages there are no schools in the Croatian or Italian languages, and even less in Istro-Romanian.
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The post of Special Rapporteur on Minorities has been created as minorities in all regions of the world are exposed to serious threats, discrimination and racism and are often excluded from participation in economic, political and social life. It shall provide for the implementation of the Declaration on the Rights of Members of National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, taking into account existing international norms and national minority laws.
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The organisation was founded in 1991, after the collapse of the authoritarian regime, in the village of Derviçan, by representatives of the Greek national minority. It called for the autonomy of Northern Epirus in 1991 on the basis that the rights provided for the minority under the Albanian constitution were highly precarious. This proposal was rejected and thereby spurred the organization's radical wing to 'call for Union with Greece'.Working Paper.
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At the time, Norwegian society viewed itself as homogeneously white and had not recognized its indigenous or national minority populations. Reese found similar situations to those she had experienced in the United States, when she was denied lodging numerous times. She persevered, making a name for herself and fell in love. In 1960, she permanently settled in Oslo, Norway and two years later married the bookstore owner Paul Shetelig.
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By Philip L. Martin, Susan Forbes Martin, Patrick Weil It is an estimated that 35,000 Albanian nationals in Greece belong to the Greek National Minority of Albania. Albanians in Greece are by far the most integrated, legal and settled community: Even before emigration, southern Albanians, primarily Orthodox Albanians were pressured to adopt assimilationist policies when moving to Greece. These included Hellenisation of their names, and adoption of new hybrid identities.
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He has been a national expert and spokesman promoting organ donation and transplantation among African Americans, who suffer disproportionately from chronic renal failure. A lifelong Christian, he served as a medical missionary in Africa early in his career. He was a featured speaker at the 2013 Annual Spirituality and Medicine Conference. In 2014, he was honored with a National Minority Donor Awareness Award and an honorary doctoral degree by Howard University.
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The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 205. . The Historical- Ethnographic Museum of Georgian Jewry, established in 1933, was shut down at the end of 1951. In Birobidzhan, the various Jewish cultural institutions that had been established under Stalin's earlier policy of support for "proletarian Jewish culture" in the 1930s were closed down between late 1948 and early 1949.
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Croats are a recognized national minority in Serbia, a status they received in 2002. According to the 2011 census, there were 57,900 Croats in Serbia or 0.8% of the country's population. Of these, 47,033 lived in Vojvodina, where they formed the fourth largest ethnic group, representing 2.8% of the population. A further 7,752 lived in the national capital Belgrade, with the remaining 3,115 in the rest of the country.
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The Roma started to develop an ethnic music culture from the 1970s and they obtained national minority status in Hungary. Two famous Romani musicians of the 18th century were Mihály Barna and Panna Cinka. The band of the latter had two violins (“prim” and “kontra”), a cimbalom, and double-bass. The boom of Romani music in the last decades of the 18th century was triggered by the Hungarian nationalist movement.
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Bulgarian Turks are descendants of Asian settlers who came across the narrows of the Dardanelles and the Bosporus following the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, as well as Bulgarian converts to Islam who became Turkified during the centuries of Ottoman rule in Bulgaria.Stein, Jonathan. The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Europe, p. 238. M.E. Sharpe, 2000. R.J.Crampton.
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Olden received the Toxicology Forum’s Distinguished Fellow Award, the HHS Secretary’s Distinguished Service Award, the American College of Toxicology’s First Distinguished Service Award, and the National Minority Health Leadership Award. Former President Bill Clinton also gave him the Presidential Distinguished Executive Rank Award and the Presidential Meritorious Executive Rank Award. Olden also received the Calver Award in 2002, the Sedgewick Medal in 2004, and the Julius B. Richmond Award in 2005.
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The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-Communist Europe: State-Building, Democracy, and Ethnic Mobilization. M.E. Sharpe. p. 91. . The project, officially announced in 2010, consisted mainly of the construction of colleges, museums and government buildings, as well as the erection of monuments depicting historical figures from the region of Macedonia. Around 20 buildings and over 40 monuments were to be constructed as part of the project.
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Mebyon Kernow had 6 councilors prior to the election, having added 2 since the 2009 election, their total following the election was reduced to 4. In the 2015 general election all Cornish seats were won by the Conservatives. This was repeated in the 2017 general election. In the UK's 2021 census plans, a "tickbox" for claiming "Cornish" as a national minority status has not been implemented and is under debate.
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As part of his commitment to break down racist and discriminative schemes in the Foreign Ministry, Patiño incorporated people of indigenous nationalities, afro-Ecuadorians, and "montubios" to the diplomatic service for the first time. Two public meritocracy-based rounds took place to select approximately 170 career diplomats that also were complaient of the gender equity concept and with the participation of national minority groups, traditionally discriminated in Ecuador.
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Parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 16 October 2016. The ruling Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) remained the largest party, winning 36 of the 81 seats, and subsequently formed a coalition government with the new Social Democrats and national minority parties. The elections were held in the midst of an alleged coup d'état attempt.Montenegro PM Accuses Opposition Over 'Plot to Kill Him' Balkan Insight, 10 November 2016.
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Other languages spoken in Ukraine are guaranteed constitutional protection. Russian is recognized as the language of a national minority. A 2012 law, called the law "On the principles of the State language policy" gave the status of regional language to Russian and other minority languages. It allowed the use of minority languages in courts, schools and other government institutions in areas of Ukraine where the national minorities exceed 10% of the population.
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The first direct elections for Serbia's national minority councils were held in 2010. Papuga founded the Ruska liga to contest the elections for the Ruthenian National Council and was elected when her list won five seats."Сутра конституисање Националног савета Русина", Radio-Television of Vojvodina, 2 July 2010, accessed 11 May 2018. She appeared in the first position on the same list in the 2014 elections and was elected when it won four mandates.
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"Shifra dhe fakte per Arsimin e Kosoves" , KEC, p.57 After the World War II, Kosovo was again part of Yugoslavia. During this period, ethnic Albanians were recognized as a national minority and Albanian language was accepted and Albanian- language primary schools were allowed while higher levels of education were offered still only in Serbo-Croatian. In 1968, the constitution was amended to allow the opening of Albanian-language schools at all levels.
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They are the third largest Tai-speaking group, preceded by the Tày and the Thái (Black Tai, White Tai and Red Tai groups), and sixth overall among national minority groups. They are closely related to the Tày and the Zhuang. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people. In 1954, several thousand Nùng Phàn Slình came to South Vietnam as refugees and settled in Tuyen Duc province.
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In addition, NMAC advocates for reentry initiatives to help prisoners find education and gainful employment after their release. Prisoners who successfully reintegrate into society will be better able to overcome mental health issues and substance issues that both lead them toward crime and put them at greater risk of HIV/AIDS.Fullilove, Robert et al. “African-Americans, Health Disparities, and HIV/AIDS: Recommendations for Confronting the Epidemic in Black Americans,” National Minority AIDS Council, Dec.
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There is a large national community of Ukrainians in the Czech Republic. The Ukrainian national minority in the Czech Republic together with the citizens of Ukraine make up the largest membership base with more than 194,833 members. Labour migration from Ukraine or southeast Slovakia to what is now the Czech Republic began to grow to a large scale in the early 1990s. In 1991, there were just 8,500 Ukrainian citizens on Czech territory.
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According to the 2002 census, 3,671 Poles live in Romania, mainly in the villages of the Suceava County (). There are even three exclusively Polish villages: Nowy Sołoniec (Soloneţu Nou), Plesza (Pleşa), and Pojana Mikuli (Poiana Micului). Poles in Romania form an officially recognised national minority and have one seat in the Chamber of Deputies of Romania (currently held by Ghervazen Longher) and access to Polish elementary schools and cultural centres (known as "Polish Houses").
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Immigrants who come under the Law of Return are entitled to a free course in an ulpan, or Hebrew language school. Most of them speak fluent Hebrew, but some do not. Most Israeli-Arabs, who comprise a large national minority, and members of other minorities are also fluent in Hebrew. Historically, Hebrew was taught in Arab schools from the third grade onward, but it has been gradually introduced from kindergarten onward starting in September 2015.
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Bilingual signs, even those privately purchased and placed on private property, are now seen by Lithuanian authorities as illegal. The only exception is provided for names of organisations of national minority communities and their information signs. According to the EU's Advisory Committee, this violates Lithuania's obligations under Article 11 (3) of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. A Polish- Lithuanian woman protested when her last name (Wardyn) was Lithuanized to Vardyn.
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Early PRC documents such as the 1982 constitutionConstitution of the People's Republic of China , 4 December 1982. Retrieved 27 February 2007. followed the Soviet practice of identifying "nationalities" (in the sense of ethnic groups; the concept is not to be confused with state citizenship)."China's Fresh Approach to the National Minority Question," by George Moseley, The China Quarterly The Chinese term mínzú (borrowed from Japanese during the Republican period) translates this Soviet concept.
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Accessed 3 February 2015 He was also elected as secretary of the International Miners' Federation. Although a member of the Independent Labour Party, Cook worked closely with the Communist Party after its formation in 1920 and the National Minority Movement from 1924 to 1929. Arthur Horner, a leading South Wales Communist and mining militant described Cook's tenure as General Secretary as “a time for new ideas — an agitator, a man with a sense of adventure”.
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The Vlachs in Bulgaria are not recognized as a national minority, and as an ethnic group and they don't have ethnic rights in schools or churches since the Interwar period. The Romance-speaking community in Bulgaria (the vlasi) are roughly divided into the "White Vlachs" of Vidin and "Kutzo-Vlachs" of the Rhodopes. A part of the Vidin Vlachs is identified as Romanians, however, the Bulgarian state identifies them as Vlachs and not Romanians.
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19 national minority groups in Croatia elected members of 288 councils and 173 individual minority representatives. Voters turnout was 13,5%. Elections were called by the decision of the Government of Croatia. The decision was made based on the Constitutional Act on the Rights of National Minorities in the Republic of Croatia, and ordinary Law on Election of Members of Representative of Bodies of Local and Regional Self-Government Units and the Law on Local Elections.
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In 1999, the Minority Language Committee of Sweden formally declared five languages as official minority languages of Sweden: Finnish, Meänkieli (also known as Tornedal, Tornionlaaksonsuomi or Tornedalian), Romani, Sámi languages (in particular Lule, Northern, and Southern Sámi), and Yiddish. The Language Law of 2009 confirms the recognition of these five languages as "national minority languages". This status enshrines the right of speakers of these languages to receive schooling and other services in their language.
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Beijing also hosted the inaugural National Peasants' Games in 1988 and the sixth National Minority Games in 1999. In November 2013, Beijing made a bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. On 31 July 2015, the International Olympic Committee awarded the 2022 Winter Olympics to the city becoming the first ever to host both Summer and Winter Olympics also for the 2022 Winter Paralympics becoming the first ever to host both Summer and Winter Paralympics.
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Komárno and Komárom are connected by the Elisabeth Bridge, which used to be a border crossing between Slovakia and Hungary until border checks were lifted due to the Schengen Area rules. Komárom is Slovakia's principal port on the Danube. It is also the center of the Hungarian community in Slovakia, which makes up 53.8% (2011 census) of the town's population. The town is the historic seat of the Serbian national minority in Slovakia.
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Pedersen is married to Erik Brenli, a journalist originally from Brandbu in Hadeland. The married 12 July 2008, after having been in a relationship for almost five years. Together they have two daughters, and they divide their time between Oslo and their rural estate in Vestertana, Finnmark. Both Pedersen and her children are officially listed as members of the Sámi national minority, gaining some privileges in regards to the Sami parliamentary elections, as well as in agriculture.
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Following devolution and the significant broadening of autonomous governance throughout the UK in the late 1990s, debate has taken place across the United Kingdom on the relative value of full independence, an option that was rejected by the Scottish people in the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. Cornwall is administered as a county of England, but the Cornish people are a recognised national minority, included under the terms of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 2014.
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Roughly 30,000 Jews travel to Uman each year for the Jewish New Year. According to a government spokesperson, the same three individuals also threw Molotov cocktails at a synagogue in Lviv (causing minor damage), and engaged in other attempted vandalism against Jewish buildings. The government claims that these individuals were primarily motivated to "smear Ukraine's reputation". In 2019, the independent National Minority Rights Monitoring Group reported no instances of violence against Jews and 14 cases of anti-Semitic vandalism.
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The Prague School was best known outside the field of Slavic linguistics. Throughout his life he published hundreds of scientific works in Polish, Russian, Czech, Slovenian, Italian, French and German. Apart from his scientific work, Baudouin de Courtenay was also a strong supporter of the national revival of various national minority and ethnic groups. In 1915 he was arrested by the Okhrana, the Russian secret service, for publishing a brochure on the autonomy of peoples under Russian rule.
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Flag of the Roma people The World Roma Congress is a series of forums for discussion of issues relating to Roma people around the world. There have been nine World Roma Congresses to date. Among the chief goals of these congresses have been the standardization of the Romani language, improvements in civil rights and education, preservation of the Roma culture, reparations from World War II, and international recognition of the Roma as a national minority of Indian native origin.
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Frederick has conducted research bridging health disparities with a particular emphasis on cancer outcomes among African Americans and other underrepresented groups. He has served as the principal investigator for major collaborations with the National Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, and local and national minority-serving oncology programs. At the UConn Comprehensive Cancer Center, he brought a new surgical technique to operate on patients with advanced rectal cancer, and radio frequency ablation for patients with liver cancer.
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The terms and procedures of execution thereof shall be specified by law. :Article 34 ::1. Citizens of national minorities or ethnic groups in the Slovak Republic shall be guaranteed their full development, particularly the rights to promote their cultural heritage with other citizens of the same national minority or ethnic group, receive and disseminate information in their mother tongue, form associations, and create and maintain educational and cultural institutions. Details thereof will be determined by law. ::2.
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From 2006 to 2012, the institution held the annual Lithuanian national minority festivals known as The Bridges of Culture, which was one of the biggest cultural events for the national minorities in Lithuania. The best ethnic minority art groups performed at the festivals and offered their finest artistic creations and workshops for children. Traditionally, it would be an open-air event taking place in the very heart of Kaunas. In 2013, the festival was relocated to Alytus.
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Some thought it likely that in the event of a National minority, unless ACT's fortunes dramatically improved, Brash would have to form a second coalition or seek a support agreement with New Zealand First to be able to form a government. Peters promised to support the party that won the most seats, or at least abstain in no-confidence motions against it. However, he also said he would not support any government that included the Greens within the Cabinet.
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A written record of the election must be presented to the District Returning Officer, who is responsible for checking the proposal. He points out possible deficiencies and allows remedies to be made. A county election nomination is only accepted if the nominee belongs to a party that is represented in the Bundestag or the Landtag, or if the party represents a national minority. Otherwise the nominee must have at least 200 signatures from eligible voters in the constituency.
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In May 2006, the FCC granted National Minority TV (a former TBN subsidiary that owned the station at the time)'s request for permission to digital flash-cut (end analog transmission and immediately began digital transmission on the same channel) the low-power analog translator for the station. The FCC gave the station until May 12, 2009 to complete the flash cut. The station has not begun digital broadcasting and continued to transmit an analog signal until going silent.
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Governance of the DSA is by the group's National Political Committee (NPC), which since 2001 has been a 16-person body. The DSA's constitution states that at least eight of the NPC's members shall be women and at least four members of "racial or national" minority groups. A 17th vote is cast by the representative of the DSA's youth affiliate who elects one male and one female delegate who split the vote. The NPC meets four times a year.
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Alan Clinton, The Trade Union Rank and File: Trades Councils in Britain, 1900-40, pp.76, 170 However, following World War I, the Communist Party of Great Britain became strong on the council, which affiliated to the National Minority Movement, leading some trade unions to withdraw.Alan Clinton, The Trade Union Rank and File: Trades Councils in Britain, 1900-40, p.148 In 1951, the council refused to obey an STUC order not to support CPGB- led peace campaign.
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Turkish The Turks constitute the largest minority group in the country. The Turks in Bulgaria are descendants of Turkic settlers who came from Anatolia across the narrows of the Dardanelles and the Bosporus following the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, as well as Bulgarian converts to Islam who became Turkified during the centuries of Ottoman rule.Stein, Jonathan. The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Europe, p. 238.
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There are numerous Ukrainian organizations in Serbia. Ukrainian national minority has its own National Council with seat in Novi Sad. They are closely related to Pannonian Rusyns (Ruthenians). Ukrainian-Rusyn organizations have seats in Inđija, Sremska Mitrovica, Vrbas, Kula, Đurđevo, Ruski Krstur, Šid, Kucura and Subotica.Українські та русинські організації національної меншини в РС, Embassy of Ukraine in Serbia According to the 2002 census there were 5,354 ethnic Ukrainians in Serbia and 15,905 Rusyns, mostly living in Vojvodina.
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Milanović presented his cabinet to Parliament on 23 December, 19 days after the election. The discussion resulted with 89 members, 81 Kukuriku and 8 national minority MPs, voting in favour of the Milanović cabinet.Pogledajte kako je izglasano povjerenje Vladi! The transition to power occurred the following evening when Jadranka Kosor welcomed Milanović to the government's official meeting place, Banski dvori, opposite the Sabor building on St. Mark's Square and handed him the necessary papers and documents.
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Constitution as adopted on 1 December 1995. :Article I ::(7) There shall be a citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to be regulated by the Parliamentary Assembly, and a citizenship of each Entity, to be regulated by each Entity, provided that: :::(b) No person shall be deprived of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Entity citizenship arbitrarily or so as to leave him or her stateless. No person shall be deprived of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Entity citizenship on any ground such as sex, race, color, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status. :Article II ::(4) The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms provided for in this Article or in the international agreements listed in Annex I to this Constitution shall be secured to all persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, color, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.
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This was successful in getting employers to back down, although the victory was shortlived. Hutchinson remained the leading left-wing member of the cotton unions, and led opposition to UTFWA calls for a new Cotton Control Board, arguing instead for the nationalisation of the industry. However, the Communist Party of Great Britain and its National Minority Movement, led in the cotton industry by Harold Dickinson, refused to work with him. By 1933, he had left the ILP and joined the Socialist League.
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In 1980, Bing opened Bing Steel with four employees in a rented warehouse from $250,000 in loans and $80,000 of his own money. Losing all his money in six months, the company shied away from manufacturing to focus on being a middleman. With General Motors as their first major client, the company turned a profit in its second year on revenues of $4.2 million. By 1984, Bing was awarded by President Ronald Reagan the National Minority Small Business Person of the Year.
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Russians in Lithuania are the second largest minority, concentrated mostly in two cities. They constitute sizeable minorities in Vilnius (12%)Delfi (2012) Kas penktas klaipėdietis yra rusas, vilnietis – kas aštuntas; Retrieved on 7 January 2017 and Klaipėda (19.6%), and a majority in the town of Visaginas (52%). About 3,000 Roma live in Lithuania, mostly in Vilnius, Kaunas and Panevėžys; their organizations are supported by the National Minority and Emigration Department. For centuries a small Tatar community has flourished in Lithuania.
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Countries with at least one autonomous area (in 2009, now out of date) This list of autonomous areas arranged by country gives an overview of autonomous areas of the world. An autonomous area is defined as an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or has freedom from an external authority. It is typical for it to be geographically distant from the country, or to be populated by a national minority. Countries that include autonomous areas are often federacies.
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Greeks in Serbia number 725 people according to the 2011 census (up from 572 in the 2002 census), and they are recognized as a national minority by the Serbian government. An estimation by the Association of Greeks in Serbia has the number of Serbs of Greek descent at 4,500 people. They are mostly concentrated in four Serbian cities: Belgrade, Smederevo, Niš and Novi Sad. Greek presence is also recorded in Sombor, Pančevo, Subotica, Kragujevac, Požarevac, Bor, Bački Petrovac and Zrenjanin.
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However, Jews were disproportionately targeted in terms of the "frequency of denunciations", "intensity of attacks", and the severity of sanctions. He concludes "...it is no longer possible to doubt the anti-cosmopolitan campaign had acquired a totally Jewish character", and posits several reasons supporting "the view that the anti-cosmopolitan campaign became an out-and-out anti-Jewish campaign".Benjamin Pinkus. ‘The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority’, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 152-157.
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In more recent times, the numbers of the minority have dwindled. Both Albania and Greece hold different and often conflicting estimations, as they have done so for the last 20 years. In addition, the Greek National Minority of Albania also holds a different view, with the most recent so called "Greek census" in Albania by the group Omonoia putting the number at 287,000 (within southern Albania and some parts of Greece only). This census is not recognised by the Albanian government.
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Although the Coalition for a European Montenegro failed to win the majority on its own, they succeeded in remaining in power once again, forming a government with the national minority parties. The sixth cabinet of Milo Đukanović was elected on December 4, 2012, by the parliament of Montenegro. The governing coalition was formed by Coatition for a European Montenegro members Democratic Party of Socialists and Social Democratic Party and national minorities parties Bosniak Party and Croatian Civic Initiative, which run independently.
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Since Cornwall was officially given "official national minority status" in 2014, the Cornwall Council's Party Leaders have submitted a letter to the cabinet office of Chloe Smith for the Minister of State. In the coming weeks, Parliament is set to debate The Census Order. If enough Members of Parliament side with the Cornish people and stand in solidarity with their cause, a box to select a "Cornish" identity could be added—reaffirming the official identity they established 6 years prior.
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After the War, half of the survivors choose to settle in Israel while an estimated 2,500 continued to live in Croatia. Today there are 9 synagogues with Jewish organizations in Croatia; Zagreb (x2), Rijeka, Osijek, Split, Dubrovnik, Čakovec, Daruvar and Slavonski Brod. Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences's Chair of Judaism offers undergraduate and graduate programs in Jewish studies. Jews are officially recognized as a national minority by the Croatian Constitution and therefore have their own permanent seat in the Croatian Parliament.
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It is estimated that 28,000 Roma perished in the conflict, in concentration and extermination camps such as Jasenovac. In Socialist Jugoslavia, the situation of Roma improved considerable, as they became officially recognised as a “national minority”, and came to enjoy a large degree of security and welfare. During the war in Bosnia of 1992–1995, the Roma suffered mistreatment by all conflict parties, being often considered as agents of the enemy, or forcefully conscripted. Over 30,000 Bosnian Roma were expelled based on ethnic cleansing.
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In the Republic of Karelia, Karelian has official status as a minority language, and since the late 1990s there have been moves to pass special language legislation, which would give Karelian an official status on par with Russian. Karelians in Tver Oblast have a national-cultural autonomy which guarantees the use of the Karelian language in schools and mass media. In Finland, Karelian has official status as a non-regional national minority language within the framework of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.
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John Mahon (1901 – 1975) was a British communist political activist. The son of socialist leader John Lincoln Mahon, John Mahon was born in Dublin, but grew up in London. He was educated at St Olave's and St Saviour's Grammar School before finding employment at an engineering works.Graham Stevenson, "Mahon, John", Compendium of Communist Biography Mahon was a founder member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), and soon became a full-time worker for the party, achieving prominence in the party's National Minority Movement.
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Radin was first elected to the Croatian Parliament in the 1992 parliamentary election, as a representative for the Italian national minority, and was reelected in the next 7 elections. He did not actively campaign for the 2011 parliamentary election because he was the sole candidate. Between 1993 and 2001, he served as councillor in the Assembly of Istria County. Since 2000, Radin has presided over Parliament's Committee on Human Rights and Rights of National Minorities, having been elected to that function six times by 2017.
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The 1931 constitution of the Chinese Communist Party accepted secession as legal with article 14 stating “The Soviet government of China recognizes the right of self-determination of the national minorities in China, their right to complete separation from China, and to the formation of an independent state for each national minority.” However, the CCP's change from a revolutionary group to the dominant state power in 1949 led to this language being left out of later constitutions and any legal chance for secession disappeared from Chinese law.
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Through his writings and speeches during the mid-to-late 1930s, Robeson would go on to champion the cultural and political revolutions of the Soviet Union especially, as Robeson put it, "its national minority policy as it operates among the peoples of Central Asia."Duberman, Martin. Paul Robeson, 1989, pg 187. Robeson also advocated the similarities he found between blacks all over the world and the Russian peoples, urging African Americans to look towards the Soviet Union for inspiration in gaining full citizenship within the United States.
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The preponderant number of Aromanian speakers is found in Greece, with substantial numbers of speakers also found in Albania, Bulgaria, Serbia, and North Macedonia. The latter was the only country where Aromanians are officially recognized as a national minority, until October 2017 when Albania also officially recognized them. Large Aromanian-speaking communities are also found in Romania, where some Aromanians migrated from Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and Serbia, mainly after 1925. Aromanians may have settled in Turkey due to the influence of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans.
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Heinek was one of the founding members of the National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary (MNOÖ), which was established on 11 March 1995. He was elected Deputy Chairman of MNOÖ in the inaugural congress, he served in this capacity until 17 January 1999, when he was elected Chairman. He was re- elected in 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015. He was elected spokesperson of the German national minority during the 2014 Hungarian parliamentary election, but resigned from this position before the inauguration of the new plenary session.
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Following his death, the Kremlin ordered the publication of the poet's first-ever Turkish-language collected works in communist Bulgaria, where at that time a large and still recognized Turkish national minority existed. The eight volumes of these collected works, Bütün eserleri, appeared at Sofia between 1967 and 1972, that is, in the very last years of the existence of the Turkish minority educational and publishing system in Bulgaria.Nâzım Hikmet. 1967-1972. Bütün eserleri [Collected Works] (8 vols, edited by Ekber Babaef {Babaev}, illustrated by Abidin Dino).
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Beech was a supporter of the IWW, and attended the 2nd World Congress of the Comintern as a supporter of it. This convinced him to join the Communist Party (British Section of the Third International), and he was one of its two delegates in the unity negotiations which re-established the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB). He served on its executive for most of 1921, while working as a travelling salesman. During the mid-1920s, Beech devoted much of his time to the National Minority Movement.
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Fehratović was a leading member of the Bosniak Democratic Union (Bošnjačka demokratska zajednica, BDZ) in the early 2010s. In 2010, Serbia organized the first direct elections to the country's national minority councils. Fehratović contested the Bosniac National Council election at the head of an electoral list for the Bosniak Cultural Community, which was aligned with Chief Mufti Muamer Zukorlić. This list won seventeen seats, as against thirteen for the Bosniak List led by Sulejman Ugljanin and five for the Bosniak Renaissance list of Rasim Ljajić.
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The National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) has 113 members, elected for a five-year term, 105 members elected in multi-seat constituencies and 8 members elected in single-seat national minority constituencies. The multi-seat constituency members are elected using a party-list (Scrutin du liste) proportional representation system. For these seats, political parties must attain at least 5% of the vote in order to gain a seat in the legislature. The remaining eight seats are single constituency, elected by a first-past-the-post system.
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In the Cabinet of Ivo Sanader II, their member Slobodan Uzelac received the position of vice- president of government. In the 2011 Croatian parliamentary election, they again won their three seats in the Parliament on the Serbian minority electoral list. In the 2015 and 2016 Croatian parliamentary elections, the SDSS also held all of 3 Serb national minority seats in the Croatian Parliament, continuing to support the HDZ-led government of Croatia. The party participated in 2019 European Parliament election in Croatia, winning 2.66% of votes.
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2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53. Some ultranationalist organisations have been designated as terrorist movements by certain nation states. According to Janusz Bugajski, "in its most extreme or developed forms, ultra-nationalism resembles fascism, marked by a xenophobic disdain of other nations, support for authoritarian political arrangements verging on totalitarianism, and a mythical emphasis on the 'organic unity' between a charismatic leader, an organizationally amorphous movement-type party, and the nation".The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Europe.
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Born in Gori, Georgia (then in the Russian Empire) and educated at an Orthodox seminary in Tiflis (Tbilisi) before becoming a professional revolutionary and a Marxist around the start of the 20th century, Stalin appears unlikely to have been stirred by antisemitism in his early years and met only a limited number of revolutionaries of Jewish origin during his first years of political activity.Pinkus, Benjamin (1990). The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 143–144. .
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Linking the political and intercommunal schism in Identity politics was criticized by conservative intellectuals. It was argued that Mizrahi identity is an anachronism which endangers the Israeli melting pot. That argument has also been associated with his activities against the Israeli occupation and for a democratic Israel and Palestine. Shenhav said that while the Jews certainly had the right for a collective self-determination in Israel, the state must also reach an agreement with its Palestinian citizens regarding their collective representation as a national minority within it.
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The Greeks who live in the "minority zones" of Albania are officially recognised by the Albanian government as the Greek National Minority of Albania (, Elliniki Mionotita stin Alvania; ). In 1913, after the end of five centuries of Ottoman rule, the area was included under the sovereignty of the newly founded Albanian state. The following year, Greeks revolted and declared their independence, and with the following Protocol of Corfu the area was recognised as an autonomous region under nominal Albanian sovereignty. However, this was never implemented.
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According to the 2011 census, 2,543 Poles live in Romania, mainly in the villages of Suceava County (). There are three exclusively Polish villages: Nowy Sołoniec (Solonețu Nou), Plesza (Pleșa) and Pojana Mikuli (Poiana Micului), as well a significant Polish presence in Kaczyca (Cacica) and Paltynosa (Păltinoasa). Poles in Romania form an officially recognised national minority, having one seat in the Chamber of Deputies of Romania (currently held by the Union of Poles of Romania) and access to Polish elementary schools and cultural centres (known as "Polish Houses").
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Boris Tadić, the president of the Social Democratic Party denounced this move and stated that the party was in the process of expelling Đurišić and Konstantinović. In March 2020, Serbia 21 announced their participation in the 2020 Serbian parliamentary election as a part of the United Democratic Serbia coalition along with the Party of Modern Serbia, League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, and the Civic Democratic Forum, and some national minority parties. Konstantinović holds the second position on the list.ИЗБОРИ ЗА НАРОДНЕ ПОСЛАНИКЕ НАРОДНЕ СКУПШТИНЕ, 21.
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Horner became a founding member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in 1921. He was part of the nucleus of Communists who founded the National Minority Movement in August 1924. Elected to the Executive Committee of the SWMF in 1926, he played a leading role in the ten-month-long countrywide lockout of coalminers in 1926, following the General Strike. During the early years of the 1930s Horner's disaffection with the CPGB's policy towards trade unions was such that he faced expulsion from the party.
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Bosniaks of Croatia are one of the ethnic minorities of the Republic of Croatia. In the 2011 census, there were 31,479 Bosniaks or 0,73% of the total population, making them the third largest ethnic group in the country. Bosniaks are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of four other national minorities. Most Bosniaks live in the capital Zagreb (8,119), Istria County (6,146) and Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (4,877).
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After the schism within the HDZ BiH, Raguž was one of the founders of the HDZ 1990 led by Božo Ljubić. The schism occurred at the time of promoting the constitutional changes under the April Package (:hr:Travanjski paket), to which Ljubic objected, arguing that the package reduced the status of Croatian people in the nation to the level of a national minority. During this period, Raguž was a member of the Constitutional-Legal Committee of the House of Representatives.Bosnia: Constitutional Reform Package in Peril. Wikileaks.
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Serbs are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect three representatives to the Croatian Parliament. The major Serb party in Croatia is the Independent Democratic Serb Party (SDSS). In the elections of 2007 and 2011, the SDSS has won all 3 Serbian seats in the parliament. In the Cabinet of Ivo Sanader II, the party was part of the ruling coalition led by the conservative Croatian Democratic Union, and SDSS member Slobodan Uzelac held the post of Deputy Prime Minister.
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The report summarized at the time there were widespread unexplained variations in clinical decisions among dentists. Other reports published around the same time, stated there was "conflicting definitions of quality and quality-related activities." Industry and legal experts have stated that dental professionals are bound by legal and professional standards, no matter which dental model they choose to participate in. A 2015 National Minority Quality Forum report stated that Dental Support Organizations (DSOs) are one innovation that is helping to address the accessibility problem in dental care.
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In recent years there has been an attempt to term Swedish Travellers as tschiwi, but this usage is contested. For Norwegian Travellers, however, the name tatere is severely disputed. For one part it does not carry the same stigma as in Sweden, the counterpart has for many years fought for the same rights as swedish romani; some Traveller organizations maintain this term in their official names. In Norway the Travellers are categorized as a national minority group, officially referred to as romanifolk or tatere, reisende (Travellers).
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Official sponsorship was not withdrawn, but Ferguson received no practical support from the national Labour Party. He increased his vote total to over 11,000, but again missed out as many Liberal Party supporters voted tactically for the Conservative. In 1925, most of the CPGB leadership was arrested, and Ferguson was appointed to an emergency committee, alongside Bob Stewart, George Hardy, Andrew Rothstein, and Emile Burns. Following this, he addressed the executive of the Comintern in 1926 on the perspectives of the National Minority Movement.
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Born on 18 October 1940, Roderick Martin was educated at the Royal Grammar School in Lancaster and at Balliol College, Oxford.Who's Who in Scotland (Carrick, 1994), p. 306. He completed his doctorate at the University of Oxford under the supervision of Hugh Clegg and Philip Williams; his DPhil was awarded in 1965 for his thesis "The National Minority Movement: a study in the organisation of trade union militancy in the inter-war period"."The National Minority Movement : a study in the organisation of trade union militancy in the inter-war period", EThOS (British Library). Retrieved 17 September 2018. A lecturer at the University of York from 1964 to 1966, Martin returned to Oxford as a lecturer in sociology (1966–69) before being elected a fellow and tutor in politics and sociology at Trinity College, Oxford, in 1969. He remained there until 1984, when he was appointed Professor of Industrial Sociology at Imperial College London. In 1988, he moved to Templeton College, Oxford, where he was a fellow, and then in 1992 he became Professor of Organisation Studies and Director of the Glasgow Business School (the latter appointment lasting until 1996).
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For instance in the municipality of Grue, Norway, over a quarter of the place names are still Finnish.East Norway and its Frontier – by Frank Noel Stagg, George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. 1956. The Forest Finns, who are defined as a national minority in Norway today, are a distinct group from the other Finnish groups in Scandinavia: the Tornedalians along the Swedish-Finnish border, the Kvens in the Northern Norwegian counties of Troms and Finnmark, and the Finns who have moved to Sweden following World War II. However, all these groups share a Finnish ethnicity.
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According to the State Language Law, the official state language of Latvia is Latvian, however national minority education programmes are provided in 7 languages: Russian, Polish, Hebrew, Ukrainian, Estonian, Lithuanian, and Belarussian. In 2018 there were a total of 104 educational institutions implementing minority education programs. 94 schools were implementing education programs in Russian and bilingually, 4 – in Polish and bilingually, 1 – in Ukrainian and bilingually, 2 – in Hebrew, 1 – in Latvian and Lithuanian, and 1 – in Latvian and Estonian, but 68 schools had both Latvian and minority language programmes.
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On her release, Smith relocated to nearby Bolton, where she stood in the 1932 council election. In that year, she led the Women's Hunger March, and was elected to the CPGB's Central Committee, serving until 1938. Although generally loyal to the party line, she opposed the dissolution of the National Minority Movement, and lobbied for the party to support birth control. From 1942 until 1955, Smith worked as a journalist with the Daily Worker; she then retired to Chesterfield and devoted the remainder of the decade to the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.
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The purpose of Språkåret 2013 was to embrace and celebrate the diversity of language that exists in Norway. One sought to put focus on the positive effects that arise out of living in a country with several languages. The two official written versions of Norwegian, Bokmål and Nynorsk, the language of the indigenous people in the north, Sámi, and the three recognised national minority languages; Kvensk, romani, romanes as well as Norwegian sign language, another official language. In addition there is huge variation in local dialects as well as the many languages spoken by immigrants.
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The pro-Serbian parties in Montenegro declared the new Constitution to be "Anti-Serbian", which may deepen political divisions within Montenegro. They said they would not respect the new constitution, saying that it violated principles of a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic Montenegro. Predrag Popović, leader of the People's Party, said that he was unable to believe that Serbs would be limited to being classified as a national minority. He also said that this issue would enforce divisions among the ethnic groups and heighten the risk for conflict.
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In July 2015, Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Kotzias visited Albania for two days (14–16) as part of his Western Balkans tour. During his visit both nations reaffirmed their close ties, saying there are no open issues or taboo topics between the two. They agreed the sea issue will be sorted in due course, but both Ministers stressed the close, strategic and friendly ties of the people. Kotzias made note of the Greek National Minority, Albanians in Greece and their common past and future as bridges to sustainable, strong and fruitful relations.
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This venture was not a success, and by 1927 he had instead joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and stood unsuccessfully as a National Minority Movement candidate for the executive of the National Union of Scottish Mineworkers (NUSM).Alan Campbell, The Scottish Miners, 1874-1939, pp.198-199 Pearson was soon elected to the NUSM executive and in 1940 became President of the Lanarkshire Miners' County Union. That year, President of the NUSM Andrew Clarke died, and Pearson became acting President until Abe Moffat was elected, two years later.
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Even though the draft was not part of Croatian family law, it referred to it, and defined same-sex couples as family. The draft also banned any present and future discrimination, and every future change of family law regarding marriage must include life partnerships as well. On 12 December 2013, the Croatian Government passed the proposed bill. On 29 January 2014, the Parliamentary Committee on Human and National Minority Rights passed it as well, with 6 members in favor and 2 against (who were both members of HDZ).
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According to the IHF, the issue regarding full recognition of Slovenes remained problematic. For example, the governor of the province of Carinthia refused to implement rulings by higher courts that gave certain rights to the Slovene minority. The law recognizes Croats, Czechs, Hungarians, Roma, Slovaks, and Slovenes as national minority groups and requires any community, where at least 25 percent of the population belongs to one of these groups, to provide bilingual town signs, education, media, and access to federal funds earmarked for such minorities. The law affects 148 communities.
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He advocated the use of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, stating that "the Cyrillic alphabet symbolizes Serbs in Croatia", and that those who say that the Cyrillic alphabet is not desirable actually want to say that Serbs are the ones who are undesirable. In July 2019, he became the president of the Serb National Council (SNV), and he came to that position after Milorad Pupovac, who led SNV for 22 years. He was elected to the Croatian Parliament following the 2020 election, in which the SDSS won all seats belonging to the Serb national minority.
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A protest, led by national minority groups, namely SANDUGO and Lakbayan ng Pambansang Minorya para sa Sariling Pagpapasya at Makatarungang Kapayapaan, gathered in front on U.S. embassy in Manila. The protest was to demand an end to the Oplan Bayanihan, a counterinsurgency campaign and the pulling out of troops and militias from indigenous people's communities. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (BAYAN) secretary general Renato Reyes, Jr. said that the violent dispersal, which happened when the protest was about to conclude, was "planned and ordered" by a certain Col. Marcelino Pedroso.
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Hutson co-founded and leads the NIAM group, a national minority owned group that focuses on policy and community development for local governments. He has also participated in many national initiatives, such as the Obama Administration's White House Forum on Environmental Justice, and the PEW Charitable Trusts and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Impact Project. In his book The Urban Struggle for Economics, Environmental, and Social Justice: Deepening Their Roots (Routledge, 2016), he writes of the relationship of local residents with their community leaders to challenge the gentrification of the neighborhood.
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Clive O. Callender (born 1936) is an American surgeon and professor of surgery at Howard University College of Medicine in Washington, D.C. Trained in organ transplantation, he founded the Howard University Hospital Transplant Center in 1974. To increase the frequency of organ donation among African Americans he founded the National Minority Organ Tissue Transplant Education Program (MOTTEP) in 1991. During the 2019/20 academic year he continued his academic work as Professor of Surgery at Howard University College of Medicine. Callender was born in New York City and attended public schools there.
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To enhance organ donation among African Americans and hence improve transplantation outcomes, he founded the National Minority Organ Tissue Transplant Education Program (MOTTEP), which received $16 million in funding over two decades from the National Institutes of Health Office of Research On Minority Health. Since the beginning of the program African American organ donation rates more than tripled. He was a leader in the fight against discriminatory policies in organ allocation. Authoring over a hundred scientific publications he became Professor of Surgery and Chair of the Department of Surgery at Howard University in 1996.
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Glading returned to Britain from the continent in 1927. He soon joined one of the most pro-Soviet English trade unions of the day, the National Minority Movement (NMM), and became a national organiser for the group. Along with another communist and fellow NMM organiser, Joe Scott, Glading launched the Members' Rights Movement at the Engineers' Rank and File Movement local conference in Yorkshire. This was a caucus within the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU) which rejected a national pay settlement in 1931 and urged the formation of workers' councils in the workplace.
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In 2006 he was one of the founders of Bosniak Party (BS), a Bosniak national minority party in Montenegro and he was chosen as the first president of the new party. He was a Minister Without Portfolio in 6th cabinet of Milo Đukanović (2009-2010) and cabinet of Igor Lukšić (2010–2012). In December 2012 he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister for Regional Development in 7th cabinet of Milo Đukanović (2012–2016). After 2016 parliamentary election, he keep the same function in cabinet of Duško Marković (2016-present).
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Wappel was re-elected to the House of Commons in the 2006 federal election, as the Conservative Party won a national minority government. Wappel was one of twenty-four Liberal MPs to vote for an extension of Canada's military mission in Afghanistan in May 2006.John Ivison, "Vote on Afghanistan reveals the Grit divide", National Post, 19 May 2006, A4. He also renewed his call for abortion legislation, describing Canada as "the only western democracy that has absolutely no law whatsoever when it comes to protecting the unborn child".
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New York, New York: Harper Collins The National Minority Small Business Person of the year by the U.S. Small Business Administration and inducted in 1996, Corporate Leaders Hall of Fame by the Ohio Assembly of Councils. Thigpen has consulted for EPA, Goodyear, Harris County Flood Control District, NASA, Ohio Lottery, The Cleveland Cavaliers, and others. Her doctorate dissertation “Factors Influencing the Success of African American Women Small Business Owner” is in working for book publication. Dr. Thigpen is on the faculty of Purdue University Global and North American University.
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In the 19th century folklore collecting of ethnic minorities – non-Estonian Finno-Ugric peoples, Baltic Germans, Russians, Swedes, Jews, Romani people – was rather scant because of lack of interest and linguistic competence of the collectors who were mostly amateurs. The situation with Finno-Ugric folklore was approximately the same in that period as the feeling of kinship encompassed mostly with Finns. The situation changed in independent Estonia. In EFA, there appeared separate series of national minority collection (such as ERA, Vene – Russian collection; ERA, Saksa – Baltic German collection; ERA, Rootsi – Estonian Swedish collection, etc.).
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2015 Croatian national minorities' councils and representatives elections took place on 31 May. The elections were the fourth minority elections since 2003 and 278.932 citizens of Croatia were entitled to vote for councils and additional 24.399 for representatives. Citizens over the age of 18 who are members of a certain national minority group were entitled to vote. They had the right to vote in their municipality or town of residence for local council or representative of their minority if such elections are required based on an absolute or relative local minority population.
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The sixth cabinet of Milo Đukanović was the cabinet of Montenegro from 4 December 2012 to 28 November 2016. It was a coalition government composed of centre-left Coalition for a European Montenegro (DPS and SDP) and national minority parties. Split in the ruling DPS-SDP coalition in January 2016, leaving the government functioning as a de facto minority government."Montenegro Parliament Set to Oust Speaker", Balkan Insight The Cabinet was functioning as the provisional government (of electoral trust), from 12 May to 28 November 2016, with several Ministers from opposition parties joined the government.
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After World War I, Hungarians found themselves in the difficult position of a "superior" nation which had become a national minority. Dissolution of the historical Kingdom of Hungary was understood as an artificial and violent act, rather than a failure of the anti-national and conservative policy of the Hungarian government. During the whole interwar period, Hungarian society preserved archaic views on the Slovak nation. According to such obsolete ideas, Slovaks were tricked by Czechs, became victims of their power politics and dreamed about returning to a Hungarian state.
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The Constitutional Act on The Rights of National Minorities in the Republic of Croatia Croatian Parliament. Chapter 16 thereof reads as follows: ″Members of national minorities, their associations and national minority councils and representatives may freely maintain contacts with people with whom they share the same ethnic, linguistic, cultural and/ or religious traits, and with legal entities based in the country of that people which engage in educational, scholarly, cultural, publishing and humanitarian activities.″Kulturnu autonomiju održavanjem, razvojem i iskazivanjem vlastite kulture, te očuvanjem i zaštitom svojih kulturnih dobara i tradicije. The government of Croatia.
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While the groundwork for ties between the Soviet and western trade union movement began to be successfully laid, the situation between the international organizations based in Amsterdam and Moscow festered. The Second International and the IFTC held a joint meeting in Brussels during the first week of January 1925 and emerged with a scathing denunciation of the Soviet Union and its sympathizers in the British trade union movement that were organized in a RILU-subsidized organization known as the National Minority Movement.Carr, Socialism in One Country, vol. 3, pt.
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The Serbs of Croatia ( / Srbi u Hrvatskoj) or Croatian Serbs ( / hrvatski Srbi) constitute the largest national minority in Croatia. The community is predominantly Eastern Orthodox Christian by religion, as opposed to the Croats who are Roman Catholic. In some regions of modern-day Croatia, mainly in southern Dalmatia, ethnic Serbs have been present from the Early Middle Ages. Serbs from modern-day Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina started actively migrating to Croatia in several migration waves after 1538 when the Emperor Ferdinand I granted them the right to settle on the territory of the Military Frontier.
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The Akha are often classified by the Chinese government as part of the Hani, an official national minority. The Akha are closely related to the Hani, but consider themselves a distinct group and often resist being subsumed under that identity. In Thailand, they are classified as one of the six hill tribes, a term used for all of the various tribal peoples who migrated from China and Tibet over the past few centuries and who now inhabit the dense forests on the borders between Thailand, Laos, and Burma. Few Akha in Thailand are citizens and most are registered as aliens.
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Sweden Finns (; ) are a Finnish-speaking national minority in Sweden consisting of Finns historically residing in Sweden as well as Finnish immigrants to Sweden. Sweden-Finns should not be confused with the Swedish- speaking Finland-Swedes in Finland, who comprise a linguistic minority in Finland. People with Finnish heritage comprise a relatively large share of the population of Sweden. In addition to a smaller part of Sweden Finns historically residing in Sweden, there were about 426,000 people in Sweden (4.46% of the total population in 2012) who were either born in Finland or had at least one parent who was born in Finland.
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Because of the shared language, Finland-Swedes are overrepresented in the migration of Finnish nationals to Sweden. Swedish-speakers make out 5.3% of the total Finnish population, while around 20% of Finnish immigrants to Sweden were Swedish-speakers according to a 2004 estimation. Sweden-Finns, however (this article), refers rather to Finnish-speaking Finns in Sweden, since Swedish authorities connect the rights of this national minority with the usage of the Finnish language. Using a wider definition, people of Finnish origin, regardless of language, may be Sweden Finns (in the sense of Finnish nationals in Sweden).
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In a study on Maronites' identity in Israel, performed at Haifa University, it was found that the large majority of this community reject Arab identity in favor of a distinct Maronite identity. Many Maronite residents of Jish consider themselves as Aramean Christian Maronites. In 2014, Israel decided to recognize the Aramean community within its borders as a national minority, allowing some of the Christians in Israel to be registered as "Aramean", instead of "Arab" or "Unclassified". The Christians, who may apply for recognition as Aramean, are mostly Galilean Maronites, who trace their culture, ancestry and language to Arameans.
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In addition, Istrian Democratic Assembly also confirmed that it would negotiate only with Croatia is Growing. A total of 17 parties won representation in the 8th assembly of the Croatian Parliament: HDZ (51), SDP (42 + 1 representative of national minorities), MOST (19), HNS (9 + 2 national minority representatives), Labourists (3), IDS (3), HSP-AS (3), HSU (2), HSLS (2), Bandić Milan 365 (2), HDSSB (2), BUZ (1), HSS (1), Human Blockade (1), HRAST (1), HDS (1) and Reformists (1). Such a fractured political situation meant that forming a stable majority that would serve a full 4-year term would be a challenge.
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279 In September 1985, an unmarked bus crashed into the car he was driving, causing the pastor to suffer multiple fractures. Dugulescu's autobiography, Ei mi-au programat moartea ("They Programmed My Death", translated into English under the title Repenters), details this interval and includes his own account of the events. Following the Revolution, Petru Dugulescu joined the PNȚ, and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Timiș County during the 1992 suffrage, and again in the 1996 election. He served on the Committee for Human Rights, Religious Affairs and National Minority Issues, as well as on the Committee for Foreign Policy.
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The 2008 New Zealand general election was held on 8 November 2008 to determine the composition of the 49th New Zealand Parliament. The liberal-conservative National Party, headed by its parliamentary leader John Key, won the largest share of votes and seats, ending nine years of government by the social- democratic Labour Party, led by Helen Clark. Key announced a week later that he would lead a National minority government with confidence-and-supply support from the ACT, United Future and Māori parties. The Governor-General swore Key in as New Zealand's 38th Prime Minister on 19 November 2008.
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Niewiadomski's grave at Powązki Cemetery On December 9, 1922, Gabriel Narutowicz was elected by the National Assembly as the first President of Poland. After a heated debate, Narutowicz's candidacy managed to gather 289 votes, including 113 votes of various national minority MPs. The defeated candidate of the National Democratic Party Maurycy Zamoyski gathered 227 votes, yet the National Democrats decided to boycott the President and announced that he was elected by the Reds, Jews, and Germans rather than Poles. This started a period of civil unrest in Warsaw, where the supporters of nationalist ideas protested against the election of their president.
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In the 1920s, the council affiliated to the Communist Party of Great Britain-led National Minority Movement.Alan Clinton, The Trade Union Rank and File: Trades Councils in Britain, 1900-40, p.148 Although the Labour Party set up its own Manchester Borough organisation, the council continued to campaign on a wide range of labour issues, remaining the leading labour movement organisation in the city into the 1930s, and attracted the support of John Maynard Keynes for its proposals on local industrial policy.Alan Clinton, The Trade Union Rank and File: Trades Councils in Britain, 1900-40, pp.
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At the 2000 Romanian legislative election, Becali was a candidate of the "League of Italian Communities in Romania" for the seat in the Chamber of Deputies reserved for the Italian minority. He received 16,266 votes (0.15%) countrywide, of which 7,677 in Ilfov County. Nevertheless, he lost to Ileana Stana-Ionescu, who got only 2,943 votes in one constituency. Becali contested the results, but according to Romanian election law, for national minorities, it is not the total number of votes that matters; the individual who gains the largest percentage in one constituency wins the seat reserved for that national minority.
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During the 1990s the pace of debate gathered parallel to discussions relating to National Minority status for the Cornish under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, and recognition for the Cornish language within the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (both campaigns ultimately being successful). The calls for Cornish devolution also gained more widespread attention. In 1990, a Guardian newspaper editorial commented “Smaller minorities also have equally proud visions of themselves as irreducibly Welsh, Irish, Manx or Cornish. These identities are distinctly national in ways which proud people from Yorkshire, much less proud people from Berkshire will never know.
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EPSO applies an equal opportunities policy and accepts applications without distinction on grounds of sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation. EPSO applies a policy of anonymity as a guarantee of equal treatment for candidates and its selection procedures are organised, to the greatest extent possible, to ensure equal treatment. The testing methods and test items are regularly assessed in terms of gender equality. The Institutions do not organise personnel selection competitions specifically for persons with a disability.
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Eddie Payton is the former head golf coach at Jackson State,Outside the Lines: 1... And Only ESPN, Retrieved on 2006-12-03. coaching both the men's and women's teams. From 1986 – 2016, Payton led the Jackson State Golf program to 37 Southwestern Athletic Conference championships. His men’s team won 23 conference titles, 8 National Minority championships, and was the first HBCU to make the NCAA Men’s National Golf Championships in 1995. He helped start the women’s golf program in 1994. From there, he led the women’s team to 14 SWAC titles and also the first HBCU NCAA appearance for women in 1999.
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The CDNI and other groups opposed restoration of Turkish names, Turkish language lessons in Bulgarian schools and the recognition of ethnic Turks as a national minority in Bulgaria. These conditions forced the government to find a balance between Turkish demands and demonstrations for full recognition of their culture and language, and some Bulgarians' concerns about preferential treatment for the ethnic minority. In 1991 the most important issue of the controversy was restoring Turkish language teaching in the schools of Turkish ethnic districts. In 1991 the Popov government took initial steps in this direction, but long delays brought massive Turkish protests, especially in Kurdzhali.
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The year of her graduation from the University of Michigan she was named "U-M Woman of the Year in Human Relations", and in 2002 she earned the Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences Alumni Merit Award. In 2003, Alexander was awarded the Emerald Honor for Women of Color in Research & Engineering by Career Communications Group, Inc.—publisher of Black Engineer & Information Technology Magazine—at the National Women of Color Research Sciences and Technology Conference.JPL press release, Research Scientist Receives National Minority Award The Claudia Alexander Scholarship was established for undergraduate students at her alma mater in 2007 by her uncle, Jiles Williams.
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The Miao Rebellion of 1795–1806 was an anti-Qing uprising in Hunan and Guizhou provinces, during the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor. It was catalyzed by tensions between local populations and Han Chinese immigrants. Bloodily suppressed, it served as the antecedent to the much larger uprising of Miao Rebellion (1854–73). The term "Miao", as the anthropologist Norma Diamond explains, does not mean only the antecedents of today's Miao national minority; it is a term, which had been used by the Chinese to describe various indigenous, mountain tribes of Guizhou and other south-western provinces of China, which shared similar cultural traits.
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It had jurisdiction in the use of language and script, education, culture and information on Bosnian language. Among the most important decisions of the Bosniac National Council were those determining the national flag and the coat of arms of the Bosniak national minority, its national holidays, national awards and acknowledgments and national manifestations. Following Montenegro's independence in 2006, the Bosniac National Council remained active only in Serbia. In 2009, the Bosniac National Council participated in the creation of the draft of the Law on National Councils of National Minorities, which improved protection mechanism of the national minorities in Serbia.
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Convention against Discrimination in Education is a multilateral treaty adopted by UNESCO on 14 December 1960 in Paris and came into effect on 22 May 1962, which aims to combat discrimination, cultural or religious assimilation, or racial segregation in the field of education. The Convention also ensures the free choice of religious educationArticle 2 (b) and private school,Article 2 (c) and the right to use or teach their own languages for national minority groups.Article 5, (c) The Convention prohibits any reservation.Article 9 The Convention enters into force for each State 12 months after the deposit of instrument of ratification.
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During this period, ethnic Albanians were recognized as a national minority and Albanian language was accepted and Albanian- language primary schools were allowed while higher levels of education were offered still only in Serbo-Croatian. In 1968, the constitution was amended to allow the opening of Albanian-language schools at all levels. After the WWII, education in Kosovo was provided in three languages: Serbian, Albanian, and Turkish, while after 1953 lessons in these three languages were offered in the same school. After 1968, the foundation of Albanian-language educational institutions continued. In 1969, the Albanian University of Pristina was opened.
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In 2019, Đurišić, along with Nenad Konstantinović joined a liberal movement called Serbia 21. Boris Tadić, the president of the Social Democratic Party denounced this move and stated that the party was in the process of expelling Đurišić and Konstantinović. In March 2020, Serbia 21 announced their participation in the 2020 Serbian parliamentary election as a part of the United Democratic Serbia coalition along with the Party of Modern Serbia, League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, and the Civic Democratic Forum, and some national minority parties. Đurišić was selected to appear in first position on the list.
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Atakhan Abilov (Атахан Вели оглы Абилов), is a Talysh national minority and human rights activist from Azerbaijan, lawyer and author of books on International law.Талыши требуют расследования нападения на правозащитника Атахана Абилова, Rosbalt, 2008 He has refugee status from the Russian Government and UN,UCSJ: Volume 8, Number 47: December 5, 2008 as his colleagues from the "Voice of Talysh" newspaper's editorial staff have already been convicted and have received real terms of imprisonment in Azerbaijan.ОТЧЕТ Комитета «Гражданское содействие» о работе по соглашению с УВКБ ООН за период с 1 января по 31 декабря 2007 г.
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He was the first chairman of the American Quality Foundation, developed by the American Society for Quality Control. He was a member of the board of directors and chairman of the National Industrial Advisory Council to the Opportunities Industrialization Centers of America, Inc.; the National Minority Supplier Development Council; and the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association; the Highway Users Federation and the United Way of Southeastern Michigan. He was a member of Detroit's Conference Board, The Business Roundtable, and The Business Council and he was a trustee of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Detroit Renaissance, and New Detroit, Inc.
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Polish Institute in Berlin Today the German government does not recognise German nationals of Polish ethnicity as a national minority. Polish agencies claim, that this way Germany is not recognising the right of self-determination for the group. After Poland joined the European Union, several organisations of Poles in Germany attempted to restore the pre-war official minority status, particularly claiming that the Nazi decree is void. While the initial memorandum to the Bundestag remained unanswered, in December 2009 the Minority Commission of the Council of Europe obliged the German government to formally respond to the demands within four months.
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Several other groups are represented, but they live neither in compact settlements nor do they reach the required threshold of five thousand to be awarded the official status of being present in the province. Some groups, such as the Mosuo, who are officially recognised as part of the Naxi, have in the past claimed official status as a national minority, and are now recognised with the status of Mosuo people. Ethnic groups are widely distributed in the province. Some twenty-five minorities live in compact communities, each of which has a population of more than five thousand.
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According to the Federal Election Law the nominations for the regional lists basically result from the same system as the constituency nominations. In addition, the order of the regional list is determined by secret election. The regional list of a party which is neither represented in the Federal Parliament nor in a State Parliament and which does not represent a national minority, requires for its admission the signing of at least one-thousandth of the state's eligible voters, not exceeding 2,000 signatures. For the nomination of confidants and the modification of the regional list, the regulations concerning the constituency nominations are applied correspondingly.
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Article 14 contains a prohibition of discrimination. This prohibition is broad in some ways and narrow in others. It is broad in that it prohibits discrimination under a potentially unlimited number of grounds. While the article specifically prohibits discrimination based on "sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinions, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status", the last of these allows the court to extend to Article 14 protection to other grounds not specifically mentioned such as has been done regarding discrimination based on a person's sexual orientation.
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Negative responses to minorities within the nation state have ranged from cultural assimilation enforced by the state, to expulsion, persecution, violence, and extermination. The assimilation policies are usually enforced by the state, but violence against minorities is not always state initiated: it can occur in the form of mob violence such as lynching or pogroms. Nation states are responsible for some of the worst historical examples of violence against minorities not considered part of the nation. However, many nation states accept specific minorities as being part of the nation, and the term national minority is often used in this sense.
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In Austria the concept was equally needed, but in a multi-ethnic monarchy. Thus in the 1976 National Minorities Act the term "Volksgruppe" served approximately as a synonym for national minority, according to the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities of the Council of Europe. Section 6 in the German Federal Expellee Law also used the expression.§ 6 Bundesvertriebenengesetz The legislature of Switzerland explained Volkstum, at the time of ratification of the Framework Convention, as "inspired by the desire [...] to together preserve what relates to their common identity, including their culture, their traditions, their religion or their language".
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The period following 1926 was marked by much in-fighting between communist and non-communist factions in the coalfields. Davies and other non-communists found themselves accused of collaboration with "social fascism"; a leaflet issued by the communist-led National Minority Movement termed him "the sham militant". Nevertheless, he continued to work for cooperation between all factions on the left. After Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933, Davies argued for unity around the Labour Party, believing that the ILP's increasingly left-wing stance, and the Communist Party's commitment to violent revolution, might create the conditions for fascism.
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Nightingale resigned as general secretary, concerned he would lose an election, and former secretary of the London wholesale drug workers, Arthur Gillian, was elected as his replacement. Under Gillian's leadership, the union grew a little, membership reaching 3,376 by 1926. The union strongly supported the UK general strike, and became strongly influenced by the Independent Labour Party, of which Gillian was a member, and the National Minority Movement, with Dick Beech and the employees of the Russian Oil Products Company playing a leading role. In 1936, the union decided to try to become the sole union for chemical workers.
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Article 16 of the Constitution bans discrimination based on sexual orientation: :In this section, "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions such as by race, national or social origin, political or other opinion, colour, religion, language, creed, association with a national minority, property, sex, sexual orientation, birth or other status whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
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Jan Kustos (September 5, 1893 in Syrynia, Wodzisław Śląski - July 28, 1932 in Katowice) was a Silesian politician, philosophy magister, press editor, founder and chairman of the Union of Upper Silesians Defence from 1925-1932, spokesman rights national minority for Silesians in Poland, member of town council in Katowice in the period 1926-1927, founder of the Trade Union of Upper Silesians in 1927, and a representative of Silesian nationality in the time of conversation with representative League of Nations in 1929.Dariusz Jerczyński, Historia Narodu Śląskiego (History of Silesian Nation), second edition (implemented and corrected), Zabrze 2006.
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The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (, ; , ) are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group native to Southeast European historical region of Bosnia, which is today part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A native minority of Bosniaks live in other countries in the Balkans; especially in the Sandžak region of Serbia and Montenegro (where Bosniaks form a regional majority), and in Croatia and Kosovo. Bosniaks are typically characterized by their historic ties to the Bosnian historical region, adherence to Islam since the 15th and 16th centuries, and culture, and the Bosnian language. As of 2017 Bosniaks are also recognised as a national minority in Albania.
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States with at least one area labelled "autonomous" or defined as such by law An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous area, entity, unit, region, subdivision, or territory) is a subdivision or dependent territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomy — self-governance — from an external authority. Autonomous areas are distinct from the constituent units of a federation (e.g. a state, or province) in that they possess unique powers for their given circumstances. Typically, it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the state or populated by a national minority.
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Nikola Tesla Memorial Center in Smiljan Tension and violence between Serbs and Croats has reduced since 2000 and has remained low to this day, however, significant problems remain. The main issue is thought to be due to high-level official and social discrimination against the Serbs. In 2005, the Republic of Croatia ratified a bilateral agreement with Serbia and Montenegro on the protection of the Serbian and Montenegrin minority in Croatia and the Croatian national minority in Serbia and Montenegro. Some Croats, including politicians, continue to deny and minimise the magnitude of the genocide perpetrated against Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia.
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In 2017 a new law on education has been adopted by Ukrainian government to reform the education system. The language provisions of the law made it highly controversial both locally and in neighboring states, as it envisages that all secondary education will be taught in Ukrainian. According to the law an instruction in minority languages at kindergarten and primary school level remains unaffected, but at the secondary level national minority languages are now being reduced to special lessons. The approval of the legislation provoked a harsh reaction in Hungary, Romania, Russia, Poland, Bulgaria and some other countries.
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She graduated from the Fráter György Catholic High School. She earned a degree in law from the State and Legal Studies faculty at the Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, before completing a master's degree in Public International Law at the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom. She received a PhD absolutorium from the State and Legal Studies faculty at the University of Szeged. Her area of research was the protection of the rights of national minority groups as practised by the European Council, for which her supervisor was László Trócsányi, Minister of Justice in Hungary.
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Linguistic map (2002 census) The official language is Serbian, member of the South Slavic group of languages, and is native to 6,330,919 or 88% of the population. Recognized minority languages are: Hungarian (mother tongue to 243,146 people or 3.4% of population), Slovak, Romanian, Bulgarian and Rusyn as well as Bosnian and Croatian which are completely mutual intelligible with Serbian. All these languages are in official use in municipalities or cities where more than a 15% of population consists of national minority. In Vojvodina, provincial administration uses, besides Serbian, five other languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian and Rusyn).
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In 2014, Israel decided to recognize the Aramaic community within its borders as a national minority, allowing some of the Christians in Israel to be registered as "Aramean" instead of "Arab". As of October 2014, some 600 Israelis requested to be registered as Arameans, with several thousand eligible for the status – mostly members of the Maronite community. The Maronite Christian community in Israel of around 7,000 resides mostly in the Galilee, with a presence in Haifa, Nazareth and Jerusalem. It is largely composed of families that lived in Upper Galilee in villages such as Jish long before the establishment of Israel in 1948.
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The ECtHR observed that the three applicants lived together in a situation that was alike to that of a heterosexual family unit. The European Convention on Human Rights provided the human rights framework which the Court examined in relation to Austrian adoption laws. Articles 8 and 14 are relevant to LGBT adoption. Article 8 provides that “everyone has a right to respect for his family and private life, his home and his correspondence” and Article 14 prevents discrimination based on any grounds such as “sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status”.
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In addition, he was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and named one of the NBA's 50 Greatest Players of all-time. Bing founded Bing Steel, a processing company that earned him the National Minority Small Business Person of the Year award in 1984. Soon the business grew into the multimillion-dollar Detroit-based conglomerate, the Bing Group, one of the largest steel companies in Michigan. Bing entered Detroit politics as a Democrat in 2008, announcing his intentions to run for mayor in the city's non-partisan primary to finish the term of Kwame Kilpatrick, who had resigned amid a corruption scandal.
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Bolshevik revolutionaries Leon Trotsky, Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev, later executed or assassinated on Stalin's orders Continuing the policy of the Bolsheviks before the Revolution, Lenin and the Bolshevik Party strongly condemned the pogroms, including official denunciations in 1918 by the Council of People's Commissars. Opposition to the pogroms and to manifestations of Russian antisemitism in this era were complicated by both the official Bolshevik policy of assimilationism towards all national and religious minorities, and concerns about overemphasizing Jewish concerns for fear of exacerbating popular antisemitism, as the White forces were openly identifying the Bolshevik regime with Jews.Benjamin Pinkus. The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority.
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Under the Constitutional Act on the Rights of National Minorities, municipalities and cities or towns where members of minority consist from 5% up to 15% they have right to have one representative in local council. If locally some minority consist more than 15% or at the county level more than 5% of population, that minority have right on proportional representation in local and regional councils. In administrative units where national minority have right on proportional representation in representative bodies, it also have right on proportional representation in executive bodies. Minorities have right to elect deputies of municipal/town/city mayor or deputy county prefects.
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Briggs joined the Communist Party of America in 1921 as a result of direct solicitations to join the still underground movement made by Rose Pastor Stokes of the CPA and Robert Minor of the rival United Communist Party."Letter to Theodore Draper in New York from Cyril Briggs in Los Angeles, March 17, 1958." Corvallis, OR: 1000 Flowers Publishing, 2007; p. 1. Briggs later recalled in a letter to historian Theodore Draper that his motivation for joining the Communist movement related to the domestic policy of Soviet Russia towards its national minority groups and to the fledgling Soviet state's explicitly anti-imperialist foreign policy.
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Moreover, in the Opole (Oppeln) region of Upper Silesia, citizens who claimed Polish ethnicity were allowed to remain, even though some, not all, had uncertain nationality, or identified as ethnic Germans. Their status as a national minority was accepted in 1955, along with state subsidies, with regard to economic assistance and education.Piotr Madajczyk, Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki Tom I "Mniejszość niemiecka w Polsce w polityce wewnętrznej w Polsce i w RFN oraz w stosunkach między obydwu państwami", Warsaw, 1992 The attitude of Soviet soldiers was ambiguous. Many committed atrocities, most notably rape and murder, and did not always distinguish between Poles and Germans, mistreating them equally.
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The Romanian Constitution (Article 62), under the conditions imposed by the Electoral Law, provides seats in the Chamber of Deputies for the party and cultural association of ethnic minorities in Romania (with the limitation that each national minority is to be represented by one organization only). Traditionally, these groups support the government in power. "Minorităţile nu participă la viitoarea guvernare" ("Minorities Will Not Participate in the Next Government"), Ziarul Financiar, 5 December 2008; accessed October 15, 2009 The number of seats awarded to ethnic minorities varied from 10 in 1990 up to 18 between 2000 and 2016. Following the 2016 elections, 17 seats were awarded in accordance with the constitutional provision.
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The study was replicated in 2009–2011 after twenty years of development had transformed many parts of urban and rural China. The new study show dramatic changes in all the case study areas and draws attention to changing patterns of horizontal and vertical equity and to large scale demographic changes related to internal migration.Education and Change in Rich, Poor and National Minority Areas in China: Two Decades of Transition, Keith M Lewin, Wang Lu, CREATE PATHWAYS TO ACCESS Research Monograph No. 61, April 2011 Lewin was made an Honorary professor at Hangzhou University (now Zheijiang University) in 1993 and at Beijing Normal University in 1994.
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Lenin feared a comparable shattering of the RSDLP along national lines and sought to crush the Austro-Marxist slogan of "national–cultural autonomy." Stalin, as an antinationalist Georgian with no fear of ethnic Russian domination of the RSDLP, was seen both as an expert on the current interrelationship of the various nationalities of Transcaucasia and as a potential national minority voice in favor of maintenance of a centralized and unified party organization.Tucker, Stalin as Revolutionary, pg. 152. Stalin was set on the task of writing a lengthy article for publication in the Bolshevik theoretical monthly Prosveshchenie (Enlightenment) detailing an official position on the matter.
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38-39 In 1922, the entire branch joined the new Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), although as she was married and had young twin children, the CPGB decided to place her on a special probationary membership. Despite this, Smith became a highly active member, the secretary of the Mansfield Labour College, a delegate to Mansfield Trades Council, and a prominent member of the National Minority Movement. In 1928, Smith became the CPGB's National Women's Officer, and the following year, she became a full- time organiser for the CPGB. She stood as the party's candidate in Mansfield at the 1929 general election, taking only 533 votes.
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Percy Anthony Pierre (born January 3, 1939) is an American electrical engineer. He is recognized as the first African-American Ph.D. in electrical engineering, the first African-American appointed assistant secretary of the U.S. Army for Research and Development, and the first African-American appointed acting Secretary of the Army. Pierre was a principal architect of the national minority engineering effort."Changing the Face of Engineering: The African American Experience," edited by John Brooks Slaughter, Yu Tao, and Willie Pearson Jr., Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2015 He currently is vice president emeritus and professor of electrical and computer engineering at Michigan State University.
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The National Minority AIDS Council frequently testifies on Capitol Hill and in state legislatures across the country to recommend programs and policy reforms that can both assist minority persons living with HIV/AIDS and address the social, behavioral, and economic risk factors that fuel the rates of infections within minority communities. Stances that NMAC has taken over the years include the following: Needle exchanges and anti-drug-abuse initiatives. NMAC’s landmark Dec. 1, 2006, report “African-Americans, Health Disparities, and HIV/AIDS: Recommendations for Confronting the Epidemic in Black Americans,” spelled out a series of initiatives for curbing the disproportionately high rates of HIV/AIDS infections among African-Americans.
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Both peripheral and island branches consider themselves to be an inseparable part of the corresponding Slavic ethnic nations: the Banat Bulgarians - the Bulgarians, the Chakavians and the Kajkavians, as well as the Burgenland Croats and the Molise Croats - the Croats, etc., but also as an independent Slavic language, as it is used by an ethnic group (community), claiming the role of nationality. However, the border between microlanguages and independent Slavic languages and in some other cases turns out to be indistinct: for example, the “insular” Sorbian, representing the Slavic national minority in Germany, and peripheral to the Polish Kashubian tradition established in Russian linguistics, are considered as separate languages.
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In March 1953 he joined the Communist Party of China, and in September he was sent to study Mongolian language at Beijing University. After graduation, in 1954, he was assigned to teach at the Inner Mongolia Mongolian Specialist College (内蒙古蒙文专科学校). In 1954 he went back to Beijing to participate in a survey of Mongolic languages, and on completion of this work he transferred to the National Minority Languages Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. From 1955 to 1956 he engaged in fieldwork in Qinghai, collecting materials for the study of the Monguor language.
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The party confined itself to stewarding Conservative Party meetings and canvassing for the party. In particular it campaigned vigorously on behalf of Oliver Locker-Lampson, whose "Keep Out the Reds" campaign slogan struck a chord with the group's strong anti-communism. The group also indulged in a series of high-profile stunts, many of which were more in the vein of elaborate practical jokes than genuine subversion. In one such example, five British Fascisti forcibly removed Harry Pollitt from a train to Liverpool, where he was due to address a National Minority Movement event, and attempted to bundle him on to a different train.
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One such method was a creation of an alternative government, a Soviet Republic, which would then take over authority as the Red Army ousted the existing government. That was the case with Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan and failed campaigns such as in the Baltic States and Poland. Alternatively, it would use the presence of a minority to undermine the standing army (such as the establishment Tatar and Bashkir autonomies) and, where there was no national minority, a government based on geographical locale – Far Eastern Republic, Turkestan. However, the Red Army's ultimate failure in the Polish–Soviet War placed the Bolshevik world revolution plans on hold.
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Articles 4 and 114 of the Constitution of Latvia form the foundation for language policy in Latvia, declaring Latvian to be the official state language and affirming the rights of ethnic minorities to preserve and develop their languages. Livonian language is recognized as "the language of the indigenous (autochthon) population" in the Official Language Law, but Latgalian written language is protected as "a historic variant of the Latvian language." All other languages are considered foreign by the law on state languages. Latvia provides national minority education programmes in Russian (the first language for one fourth of the population), Polish, Hebrew, Ukrainian, Estonian, Lithuanian, and Belarussian.
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Individual requirement was that voter is registered as a member of national minority at the time of last census. Collective condition required the Government of Croatia to organize councils elections only in those counties or local units in which certain minority constitute required proportion of population in relative (1,5% of the entire population) or absolute (200 individuals in town or municipality or 500 in county) numbers. If those conditions are not fulfilled Government organizes representatives elections in those units where there are at least 100 members of a certain minority. National minorities were entitled to elect 471 councils in 17 counties, 38 cities or towns and 80 municipalities.
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María Amparo Ruiz de Burton (July 3, 1832 - August 12, 1895) was the first female Mexican-American author to write in English. In her career she published two books: Who Would Have Thought It? (1872) and The Squatter and the Don (1885); and one play: Don Quixote de la Mancha: A Comedy in Five Acts: Taken From Cervantes' Novel of That Name (1876). Ruiz de Burton's work is considered to be a precursor to Chicano literature, giving the perspective of the conquered Mexican population that, despite being granted full rights of citizenship by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, was a subordinated and marginalized national minority.
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He was active in other groups, such as the National Minority Movement, and when he married, his wife, Elizabeth, joined him in his political activity. He was prominent in the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU), but his political activity resulted in dismissal from the Royal Arsenal, a security-sensitive post, as the government regularly dismissed those suspected of subversive activities from its employment. MI5 opened a file on him in 1925 and considered him an extreme communist. The OGPU and its successor, the NKVD (the Soviet secret police) kept in touch with him through a series of handlers (including Arnold Deutsch, who later recruited Kim Philby).
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The institution holds over 70 cultural events each year: concerts, art exhibitions, social gatherings, poetry readings, tastings of culinary inheritance and book presentations. It also organizes training trainings and seminars to the leaders of the national minority communities, active members of the organization and other young people. The institution welcomes scientists and specialists to scientific conferences, seminars and debates about the history, activities, problems and integration of national minorities. The administration of the institution gather, sort and distribute the information about the national minorities, assist the scientists, students and school children to carry out their researches, prepare articles and press releases and participate in various TV and radio shows.
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This was motivated by his fear of what factionalism could to a union which had won its unity only with great effort (after a complicated amalgamation and the earlier attempt at a breakaway by the communist-led National Minority Movement). Those who knew her commented on her ability to express complex arguments lucidly and in terms that everyone could understand. Employers respected this barely woman, and she could gain concessions that others could not. She was not afraid to speak out about the injustices she found – whether these were in small, back-street clothing workshops or in large public companies employing thousands of clothing workers.
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A vigilance committee is an unofficial grouping within a trade union, formed for the purpose of putting pressure on that union's leadership to pursue alternative policies or to pursue existing policies with increased vigour. Vigilance committees are usually formed when large numbers of union members disagree with the union's official policy, believe that they cannot trust the leadership to protect their interests properly, or that it is necessary for union members to scrutinise the actions of the leadership. In the United Kingdom, vigilance committees were widespread during the 1920s, appearing, for example, amongst seamen, dockers and railwaymen. These vigilance committees were influenced by communist militants of the National Minority Movement.
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The Federal Constitutional Court approves of the threshold clause, arguing that it is allowed to violate a constitutional principle within certain limits, if this is essential to achieve a more important constitutional objective such as the adherence to a principle of electoral law. Because of this, the Federal Constitutional Court allows the threshold clause to be maximally five percent. Thus the legislator has no possibility of increasing it. National minority parties, such as the SSW, which last ran for parliamentary election in 1961, are now freed from the electoral threshold due to the fact that under Constitutional Law it is imperative that minorities are protected.
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1286) writes in his Book of Rays of the "Aramean-Syrian nation". However, references such as these to an Aramean identity are scarce after the early Middle Ages, until the development of Aramean nationalism in the late 20th century. In 2014, Israel has decided to recognize the Aramean community within its borders as a national minority, allowing most of the Syriac Christians in Israel (around 10,000) to be registered as "Aramean" instead of "Arab". This decision on part of the Israeli Interior Ministry highlights the growing awareness regarding the distinctness of the Aramean identity as well as their plight due to the historical Arabization of the region.
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The union also lost ground at this time to the Seamen's Section of the National Minority Movement (formed 1924), which attracted many of those seafarers who were most determined to resist the reductions. The Minority Movement, which was sponsored by the Communist Party and included black activist seafarers in this xenophobic period, was suspicious of the AMWU. Such activists regarded the AMWU as a sectional organisation. In 1926, a former member of the National Union of Ship's Stewards launched a legal challenge to the union's status, alleging that the ballot which brought about the merger of the two organisations had not been properly conducted.
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The 151 members of the Croatian Parliament are elected by three methods; 140 are elected in ten 14-seat constituencies by open list proportional representation using a 5% electoral threshold, with seats allocated using the d'Hondt method; 3 are elected in a special constituency for Croatian citizens and people of Croatian descent living overseas; and 8 are elected from a constituency for ethnic national minority groups:Electoral system Inter-Parliamentary Union 3 for Serbs, 1 for Italians, 1 for Hungarians, 1 for Czechs and Slovaks, 1 for Albanians, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Montenegrins and Slovenes, and 1 for Austrians, Bulgarians, Germans, Jews, Poles, Roma, Romanians, Rusyns, Russians, Turks, Ukrainians and Vlachs.
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According to the 1934 census, there were 7,641 Estonian Swedes (Swedish speaking, 0.7% of the population in Estonia), making Swedes the third largest national minority in Estonia, after Russians and Germans. During World War II, almost the entire community of Estonian Swedes fled to Sweden. Today there are, at most, a few hundred Estonian Swedes living in Estonia and a few hundred in Russia and Ukraine, with the estimates varying widely depending on who identifies, or can be identified, as a Swede. Many of them are living in northwestern mainland Estonia and on adjacent islands and on the island of Ruhnu (Runö) in the Gulf of Riga.
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Gagauz people in Moldova Sámi family in Lapland of Finland, 1936. The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people, or 14% of Europeans. The member states of the Council of Europe in 1995 signed the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. The broad aims of the Convention are to ensure that the signatory states respect the rights of national minorities, undertaking to combat discrimination, promote equality, preserve and develop the culture and identity of national minorities, guarantee certain freedoms in relation to access to the media, minority languages and education and encourage the participation of national minorities in public life.
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However, in the 1930s and early 1940s Budapest was a safe haven for Slovak, German, and Austrian Jewish refugees and a center of Hungarian Jewish cultural life. In 2006 the Company for Hungarian Jewish Minority failed to collect 1000 signatures for a petition to declare Hungarian Jews a minority, even though there are at least 100,000 Jews in the country. The official Hungarian Jewish religious organization, Mazsihisz, advised not to vote for the new status because they think that Jews identify themselves as a religious group, not as a 'national minority'. There was no real control throughout the process and non-Jewish people could also sign the petition.
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Most newspapers of Abkhazia campaigned for one of the candidates, with Edinoy Abkhazii, Amtsakhara and Respublika Abkhaziya on the side of incumbent President Bagapsh, and Ekho Abkhazii, Forum, Novy Den and Nuzhnaya on the side of the opposition. The League of Voters "For Fair Elections" condemned the unbalanced and incomplete reporting in both pro- government and pro-opposition papers. It particularly condemned the fact that Butba had replaced all the journalists of his newspaper Ekho Abkhazii by political activists. It also criticised an article by Daur Achugba in Forum for its gross unsubstantiated accusations against the government and President Bagapsh in particular, and its statements directed against a national minority.
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His motions to replace the term "Reich" by "Republic" and to address German Jews as a national minority in the Weimar Constitution were denied by the Assembly.Heid (2002) p. 93 In November 1919, Cohn became a member of the so-called "Schücking Commission", an official commission to investigate Allied allegations of illegal treatment of prisoners of war in Germany, named after its chairman Walther Schücking. In the case of Charles Fryatt, who had been executed by German authorities in 1916, Cohn and Eduard Bernstein dissented from the commission's verdict and publicly declared that they regarded the execution as a severe infringement of international law and an "inexcusable judicial murder".
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In the 20th century, a few states passed (or attempted to pass) nationality laws through efforts that share certain similarities. All took place in countries with at least one national minority that sought full equality in the state or in a territory that had become part of the state and in which it had lived for generations. Nationality laws were passed in societies that felt threatened by these minorities' aspirations of integration and demands for equality, resulting in regimes that turned xenophobia into major tropes. These laws were grounded in one ethnic identity, defined in contrast to the identity of the other, leading to persecution of and codified discrimination against minorities.
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Banner from the first issue of the Yidishe Folksshtime ("Yiddish People's Voice"), published in Stockholm, 12 January 1917. In June 1999, the Swedish Parliament enacted legislation giving Yiddish legal status Regeringens proposition 1998/99:143 Nationella minoriteter i Sverige, 10 June 1999. Retrieved 17 October 2006. as one of the country's official minority languages (entering into effect in April 2000). The rights thereby conferred are not detailed, but additional legislation was enacted in June 2006 establishing a new governmental agency, The Swedish National Language Council, the mandate of which instructs it to "collect, preserve, scientifically research, and spread material about the national minority languages", naming them all explicitly, including Yiddish.
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In 2003, she was honored as one of the "Best Doctors in America" and inducted into the Achievers Hall of Fame of the United Negro College Fund. In 2004 and 2006, she was listed as one of the "Top Doctors in America", and then in 2006 she began working with other transplant surgeons, the Coalition on Donation, and the National Minority Organ and Tissue Transplant Education Program in an endeavor called Linkages to Life to educate the black community and dispel myths regarding transplants. She was rewarded for her work by the Caribbean American Medical and Scientific Association and received the Order of Barbados Gold Crown of Merit.
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The New Way: Protestantism and the Hmong in Vietnam, By Tm T. T. Ng The aftermath of the rebellion causes many Miao, Hmong and other groups to migrate into Vietnam and Laos. The term "Miao", explains the anthropologist Norma Diamond, does not mean only the antecedents of today's Miao national minority; it is much more general term, which had been used by the Chinese to describe various aboriginal, mountain tribes of Guizhou and other southwestern provinces of China, which shared some cultural traits. They consisted of 40–60% population of the province. To date, the only English language account of the Miao Rebellion was written by Robert D. Jenks.
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The St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009 bans discrimination based on sexual orientation. Article 21 reads: :[T]he expression "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different persons on any ground such as sex, sexual orientation, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, age, disability, birth or other status. The Equality and Human Rights Commission is charged with monitoring human rights laws in Saint Helena, promoting "understanding of the importance of equality" and working towards the elimination of unlawful discrimination. The Commission may also conduct inquiries and investigations on persons suspected of having committed an unlawful act.
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According to estimates and available data, at the beginning of 2009 in Međimurje County there lived about 5,500 Roma, 4.7% of the total population, which made them the largest national minority group in the county. According to the census in 2011, 2,887 people (2.44%) identified themselves as Romani. The difference between the census data and the actual Roma population can be explained by the fact that many Roma choose not to reveal their minority affiliation due to stigmatization. For example, in Donja Dubrava municipality, according to the 2001 census there wasn't a single Roma living there, even though at that time in the municipality there were little Romani settlements with about 70 people.
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It is known that the Istro-Romanians are actually not indigenous to Istria, since the differences between the Istro-Romanian language and the now extinct geographically close Dalmatian are notable. In addition, they count several similarities with the Transylvanian Romanians and Timok Vlachs, suggesting that the Istro-Romanians originate from the current areas west of Romania or Serbia. Although it is not known exactly how and when, the Istro-Romanians settled in Istria, where they would remain for centuries until they began to suffer assimilation. Even now, with several associations and projects that aim to preserve their culture and with the support of both Croatian and Romanian governments, the Istro- Romanians are not officially recognized as a national minority.
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Hispanism in the United States has a long tradition and is highly developed. To a certain extent this is a result of the United States's own history, which is tied closely to the Spanish empire and its former colonies, especially Mexico, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Cuba. Historically, many Americans have romanticized the Spanish legacy and given a privileged position to the Castilian language and culture, while simultaneously downplaying or rejecting the Latin American and Caribbean dialects and cultures of the Spanish-speaking areas of U.S. influence. There are now more than thirty-five million Spanish-speakers in the United States, making Spanish the second most spoken language in the country and Latinos the largest national minority.
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Furio Radin (born 1 June 1950) is a Croatian politician who is currently serving as a Member of the Croatian Parliament for the Italian national minority, an office he has held since 7 September 1992. He has also been the Chair of the Parliamentary Committee on Human Rights and Rights of National Minorities since 2000 and one of the Deputy Speakers of the Parliament since 9 June 2017. Radin is the longest-serving Member of Parliament in Croatian history, with a service lasting , as of . Radin was first elected to the parliament in the 1992 election and was subsequently reelected to eight more terms, in the 1995, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2016 and 2020 elections respectively.
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As a senior Member of the House Armed Services Committee, Reyes worked to transfer ownership of Castner Range from the Department of Defense to preserve the 7,000-acres of undeveloped desert, foothills, and mountains in Northeast El Paso. In 2012 The Minority Business Development Agency presented Reyes with their Venable Legacy Award for Lifetime Achievement ABE during their National Minority Enterprise Week Conference. The Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute honored Reyes known on the hill for his humor by naming their annual stand up comedy event the "Reyes of Comedy" in 2000. The event seeks to promote a positive image of Latinos while raising critical funds for CHCI's programs that empower Latino youth through educational attainment and leadership development programs.
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For many years, she was known as a strong supporter of Paul Martin in his bid to succeed Jean Chrétien as leader of the Liberal Party. Chamberlain won another easy victory in the election of 2004, defeating her Conservative opponent by nearly 10,000 votes in the redistributed riding of Guelph. Chamberlain was elected a fifth time in the election of 2006, in which the Conservative Party won a national minority government. She was one of the more socially conservative members of the Liberal caucus, and was a vocal opponent of her own party's plans to decriminalize the possession of small amounts of marijuana. Chamberlain also voted against her party's same-sex marriage bill in 2005.
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NMAC’s work is sustained by cadres of dues-paying members and private donors. Dues-paying members receive regular updates on NMAC activities, programs and services. Members also are given preference for USCA conference scholarships and other awards. Some private donations are “memorial gifts” that a donor makes in memory of a lost loved one. Many employers will match a donating employee’s contribution, in which case it is a “matching gift.” Combined Federal Campaign (CFC) and United Way. Federal employees may support the “AIDS Programs of the National Minority AIDS Council” through the CFC, the annual fund-raising drive conducted in Federal and military workplaces, from September 1 to December 15. NMAC’s CFC Designation Code is 10557.
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The Bosniac National Council issued the Declaration on Status of the Bosniaks of Sandžak in the Republic of Serbia on 27 June 2009. In the Declaration, the Bosniac National Council warned the Serbian authorities about alleged halt in the process of the consummation of collective rights of the Bosniak national minority. Later, the Bosniac National Council adopted the Decision on Determining Traditional Names of the Units of the Local Self-Administration, Populated Places and Other Geographical Names in the Bosnian Language on the territory of Novi Pazar, Tutin, Sjenica and Prijepolje. The Bosniac National Council created the Model for Education of the Bosniaks of Sandžak, the Strategy of Informing on Bosnian Language, and founded the Institute for Culture.
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The Supreme Court has been the object of criticisms on a range of issues. Among them Court are a poor check on executive power, the Court has been criticized for keeping its deliberations hidden from public view, failing to protect individual rights. Court decisions have been criticized for failing to protect individual rights: Court has "become increasingly hostile to voters, especially poor and national minority voters". The harassment of national minorities and political prisoners: In March 2017 Azamat Abutalipov, Aivar Khabibullin, Airat Ibragimov, Timur Munasypov and Shamil Khusnitdinov were sentenced at Ufa's October district court to suspended sentences under Article 282.2 of the Russian Federation (organisation of the activity of an extremist organisation).
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Francophones living in Flanders want Flanders to ratify the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, which has been signed by almost every country in Europe, though in Belgium, it has been signed but not ratified (also the case in a handful of others). The Framework would allow Francophones to claim the right to use their own language when dealing with the authorities, bilingual street names, schooling in French, etc. The Framework, however, does not specify what a "National Minority" is, and the Flemings do not see the Francophones in Flanders as being one. Flanders is not inclined to approve the Framework, in spite of frequent appeals by the Council of Europe to do so.
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Fletcher was later appointed as the treasurer of the National Minority Movement.Matthew Worley, Class Against Class: The Communist Party in Britain Between the Wars, p.7 Although he was chair of the local CPGB branch, Fletcher was also adopted as a Labour Party candidate, and was elected to the Board of Guardians in 1922, representing Darnall, and acting as the board's treasurer. He was expelled from Labour in 1928, and then stood for the CPGB in Sheffield Attercliffe at the 1929 and 1931 general elections. The Board of Guardians was abolished in 1929, and Fletcher stood for Sheffield City Council unsuccessfully that year, then in 1932 and 1935 in Manor, each time taking more than 1,000 votes.
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Some Slovak representatives argued for autonomy for Slovakia and for the country to have its own devolved assembly, but that was rejected by the Czechoslovak government, and Šrobár dissolved the Slovak National Council in January 1919. The delegates at Turčiansky Svätý Martin had not defined exactly what they meant by the "Czecho-Slovak Nation" but seemingly had in mind a definition that upheld the distinct national identity and individuality of the Slovak people. The Slovaks had been promised to become equal partners in what Edvard Beneš, the foreign minister of the Provisional Czechoslovak government, had declared would be a Swiss-style federated state. Instead, the Slovaks found themselves being relegated to the status of a national minority.
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The Liberal Democratic Party was originally invited to be a part of ex republic president Boris Tadić's large civic democratic bloc. After rejecting it accusing Boris Tadić for a policy of failure and the past, and failing to attempt to arrange a coalition with LSV (its partner at the 2007 elections and with whom it shares many ideological similarities), LDP had talks for joining Djilas' Democratic Party-led coalition. After those negotiations reached a moot end, LDP finally decided to form its own list. It will go in coalition with the national minority Bosniak Democratic Union of Sandžak, a political party founded the previous year as a fraction of BDU, and LDP's traditional ally, the Social Democratic Union.
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Poroshenko in Melitopol (2014) In mid-June Poroshenko started the process of amending Ukraine's constitution to achieve Ukraine's administrative decentralization. According to Poroshenko (on 16 June 2014) this was "a key element of the peace plan". In his draft constitutional amendments of June 2014 proposed changing the administrative divisions of Ukraine, which should include regions (replacing the current oblasts), districts and "hromadas" (united territorial communities). In these amendments he also proposed that "Village, city, district and regional administrations will be able to determine the status of the Russian language and other national minority languages of Ukraine in accordance with the procedure established by the law and within the borders of their administrative and territorial units".
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He worked for the Boston Consulting Group. He is a board member of Citigroup, a member of The Business Council and the Business Roundtable, and Vice Chairman of the Peterson Institute for International Economics. He has served on the boards of the Graduate Business School at the University of Virginia, the National Minority Supplier Development Council, the U.S.-ASEAN Business Council, the Transatlantic Business Dialogue and the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art. In 1975 David began working for Otis Elevator Co., which was taken over by United Technologies Corp that same year. In 1999, the Russian Federation awarded David with the Order of Friendship for his contributions to that nation’s economy, particularly to its aerospace industry.
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Kovač Cerović was Serbia's deputy minister of education from 2001 to 2004, during the premierships of Zoran Đinđić and Zoran Živković. In 2002, she indicated that the ministry was drafting a new policy for elementary and secondary schools, with specific plans for educational reform in Serbia's national minority communities. This followed a report from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's ministry of national and ethnic minorities indicating that as much as 78% of Serbia's Roma population and 70% of its Vlach population were illiterate."Illiteracy of Romanies as high as 80 per cent," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring European – Political, 2 August 2002 (Source: B92 TV, Belgrade, in Serbo-Croat 1630 gmt 1 Aug 02).
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ISM currently offers two professional qualifications: CPSM and CPSD. Certified Professional in Supply Management (CPSM) In 2008, ISM launched its Certified Professional in Supply Management (CPSM) certification to address the changing demands of the profession and the international marketplace. According to ISM’s 2017 annual salary survey, the average salary for a CPSM recipient was $118,300. Certified Professional in Supplier Diversity (CPSD) ISM’s Certified Professional in Supplier Diversity (CPSD), launched in January 2011, is currently the only certification for professionals whose responsibilities include supplier diversity, and it is supported by various diversity organizations such as the National Minority Supplier Development Council and the Women’s Business Enterprise National Council. According to ISM’s 2017 annual salary survey, the average salary for a CPSD recipient was $120,243.
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Numerous professional organizations have formed to address the need for higher levels of supply management skill and expertise. One of the largest of these is the Institute for Supply Management, a United States not-for-profit association that includes more than 40,000 members. It is affiliated with the International Federation of Purchasing and Supply Management, a union of local and national purchasing associations with approximately 200,000 members. For companies seeking to fulfill diversity supplier spend commitments, the National Minority Supplier Development Council with 37 affiliated regional councils, was established in 1972 to assist in promoting supplier development of Asian, Black, Hispanic and Native American- owned businesses, and providing management training and capacity-building to minority business enterprises and corporate program staff.
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Jean Michaud explains the many dilemmas that arise from the language used to address the group of people residing in Zomia in his Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif. The people of Zomia are often referred to as "national minority groups," and Michaud argues that contention arises with each of these words. In regards to the word "national," Michaud claims that the peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif are in fact transnational, as many groups span over several countries. According to Michaud, "minority" is not the legitimate way to label the group either, since the populations are so vast. Michaud even claims that the word "group" is problematic because of its connotation with community and “social cohesion” that not all groups share.
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The situation is more complicated with national minorities, particularly if (a) they were involuntarily incorporated into the larger state (as the Palestinians claim with regard to their incorporation into the Jewish state), and (b) they have their own formalized governments, with their own internal mechanisms for dispute resolution. In these circumstances, the legitimate scope for coercive intervention by the state may be limited. Cohen- Almagor and Kymlicka maintain that there are several things which liberals can do to promote respect for individual rights within non-liberal minority groups. Since a national minority which rules in an illiberal way acts unjustly, liberals have a right - indeed a responsibility - to speak out against such injustice, and to support any efforts the group makes to liberalize their culture.
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Jewish national problems arising within the countries where Jews reside can be solved on the basis of freedom and democracy – more securely, by democratic Socialism – which will guarantee Jews the rights of freedom and equality, including the right to a free, autonomous self-determination to maintain their own Jewish identity and national culture. Within the Jewish community the Bund strives for a secularized Jewish culture in the Yiddish language. 7\. Two criteria of Jewish policies – one for Israel, another for the Diaspora - should not be followed. Wherever Jews live – whether as a national minority throughout the world or as a majority in Israel – Jewish policy, certainly Jewish Socialist policy, should be based on the same principles of freedom, democracy, international justice and brotherhood.
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He strongly supported the October Revolution, but was not a Marxist and so decided not to join the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB). Despite this, he consistently championed CPGB positions within the ILP, the Trades Union Congress and the Labour Party, and was one of only a few non-CPGB members to join the National Minority Movement and the National Left Wing Movement. He also served on the first executive of the League Against Imperialism, and repeatedly called for the CPGB to be permitted to affiliate to the Labour Party. When the CPGB adopted Third Period policies of breaking with existing trade unions, he was unhappy, and spoke out against their claims that unorganised workers had a more revolutionary character.
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In 1973, Pierre co-chaired the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) Symposium, which officially launched the national minority engineering effort.Reference 1Proceedings: Symposium on Increasing Minority Participation in Engineering: Commission on Education, National Academy of Engineering, Washington D.C. 1973 He worked with NAE to implement the recommendations of the symposium. In a parallel effort, Pierre served as the program officer for minority engineering at the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation where he helped establish numerous minority engineering organizations to increase the financial support and mentoring opportunities available for minority engineering students. These include the National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME); National Consortium for Graduate Degrees for Minorities in Engineering and Science (GEM); Math, Engineering and Science Achievement (MESA); and Southeastern Consortium of Minorities in Engineering (SECME).
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The first convoy departed on October 9. A number of Germans stayed; they were interned in camps, and afterwards they left the country and moved mainly into Austria and Germany. After the liberation of these areas, the Battle of Batina started which was the biggest battle in this region where soldiers of the Red army and the brigades of Vojvodina commanded by the lieutenant Sreta Savić, managed to defeat German forces numbering 60,000 soldiers, crossed Danube and liberated Darda and Beli Manastir, which resulted with suppressing the German forces on the territory of Hungary. After the end of World War II the population in the less developed areas in Vojvodina was colonized so that the areas where German national minority lived could be populated.
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Communal Contender: culturally distinct peoples, tribes, or clans in heterogeneous societies who hold or seek a share in state power. -Disadvantaged: subject to some degree of political, economic, or cultural discrimination but lack offsetting advantages -Advantaged: those with political advantage over other groups in their society -Dominant: those with a preponderance of both political and economic power 5\. Religious Sect: communal groups that differ from others principally in their religious beliefs and related cultural practices, and whose political status and activities are centered on the defense of their beliefs. 6\. National Minority: segments of a trans-state people with a history of organized political autonomy whose kindred control of an adjacent state, but who constitute a minority in the state in which they reside.
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The Pitcairn Islands Constitution Order 2010 bans discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, among other categories, reading: :[T]he expression "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different persons on any ground such as sex, sexual orientation, race, colour, language, religion, age, disability, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status. The term "gender identity" is mentioned only twice in Pitcairn law. Firstly, the Marriage Ordinance states that "'marriage' means the union of two people regardless of their sex, sexual orientation or gender identity". Secondly, the Sentencing Ordinance requires courts to take into account certain individual factors when dealing with an offender, including if the offence was committed on the basis of the victim's gender identity.
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Nonetheless, on June 30, 1917 PKW in its appeal to the Central Council indicated that "the Congress of Polish organizations in Ruthenia warmly welcomes the aspirations of the fraternal Ukrainian nation to political liberation and declares that the Poles, who are considered an indigenous citizens of the land, are ready to work together in laying the foundations of the Ukrainian nation own existence with ensuring the rights of the Polish national minority in Ukraine". Among the former members of PKW was the Polish Democratic Central (Polska Centrala Demokratyczna,. Asta publishers. Poland, 2011 leader - Jevgeniusz Straczewski and S.Stempowski) which was a block of four democratic parties in Ukraine, and the conservative Party of National Labor (Stronnictwo Pracy Narodowej, leader - Janusz Radziwill, Waclaw Grzybowski, and Stanislaw Horwatt).
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On 20 January 2014, the Government of India awarded the minority status to the Jain community in India, as per Section 2(c) of the National Commission for Minorities (NCM) Act (NCM), 1992. This made the Jain community which makes for 7 million or 0.4 percent of the population as per 2001 census, the sixth community to be designated this status as a "national minority", after Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Parsis. Though Jains already had minority status in 11 states of India including Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan, in 2005 a petition was filed with Supreme Court of India, by community representatives, which was also backed by the National Minorities Commission. In its judgement the court left the decision to the Central government.
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Reiter's studies on the Arab society and Jewish-Arab relations in Israel resulted in a number of works.In his National Minority, Regional Majority] Reiter used the theory of “interlocking conflict” in criticizing studies that refer only to the special tension between the Jewish and democratic nature of Israel while ignoring the impact of the regional conflict. In another article Reiter strongly criticized the four manifestos published by Israeli Arab NGOs during 2006–2007 concluding with a vision of how to compromise between Jewish and Arab worldviews and political interests. This was also the result of a three-year academic brainstorming project that he initiated and headed at the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies concluding with a vision of "Inclusive Citizenship".
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On January 20, 2014, the Government of India awarded the minority status to the Jain community in India, as per Section 2(c) of the National Commission for Minorities (NCM) Act (NCM), 1992. This made the Jain community which makes for 4.5 million or 0.36 percent of the population as per 2011 census, the sixth community to be designated this status as a "national minority", after Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Parsis. Though Jains already had minority status in 11 states of India including Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan, in 2005 a petition was filed with Supreme Court of India, by community representatives, which was also backed by the National Minorities Commission. In its judgement the court left the decision to the Central government.
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The South Schleswig Voters' AssociationOther translations include South Schleswig Voter Alliance, South Schleswig Voters' Committee, South Schleswig Voter Federation, South Schleswig Voters Group, South Schleswig Voters League, South Schleswig Voters List, South Schleswig Voters' Union, South Sleswig Electoral Association. (Danish: Sydslesvigsk Vælgerforening, German: Südschleswigscher Wählerverband, North Frisian: Söödschlaswiksche Wäälerferbånd) is a regionalist political party in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany. The party represents the Danish and Frisian minorities of the state. As a party representing a national minority, the SSW declines to identify itself with a left-right political scale, but it models its policies on those of the Nordic countries, which often means favouring a strong welfare state, but, on the other hand, a more free market labour policy than the German social market economy model.
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Speaking on behalf of the United Kingdom government, UK Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Karen Pierce, "emphasized that the Declaration was non-legally binding and did not propose to have any retroactive application on historical episodes. National minority groups and other ethnic groups within the territory of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories did not fall within the scope of the indigenous peoples to which the Declaration applied."GENERAL ASSEMBLY ADOPTS DECLARATION ON RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; at www.un.org The UK position was also allegedly intended to prevent formal appeal of Canadian decisions to UK courts: Canadian indigenous peoples never accepted the 1982 constitution in which such appeal (regarding early treaties made with the Crown of the British Empire) was cut off.
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The Cornish people or Cornish (, ) are a Celtic ethnic group and nation native to, or associated with Cornwall: and a recognised national minority in the United Kingdom, which can trace its roots to the ancient Britons who inhabited southern and central Great Britain before the Roman conquest. Many in Cornwall today continue to assert a distinct identity separate from or in addition to English or British identities. Cornish identity has been adopted by migrants into Cornwall, as well as by emigrant and descendant communities from Cornwall, the latter sometimes referred to as the Cornish diaspora. Although not included as an explicit option in the UK census, the numbers of those claiming Cornish ethnic and national identity are officially recognised and recorded.
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Zadar Cathedral Dalmatian Italians are the historical Italian national minority living in the region of Dalmatia, now part of Croatia and Montenegro. Since the middle of the 19th century, the community, counting according to some sources nearly 20% of all Dalmatian population in 1840, suffered from a constant trend of decreasing presenceFor example in the Austrian Census of 1857 the Dalmatian Italians were only 45,000 -or nearly 15% of the Dalmatia without the Quarner islands (read and now numbers only around 1,000–4,000 people. Throughout history, though small in numbers in the last two centuries, it exerted a vast and significant influence on the region. They are currently represented in Croatia and Montenegro by the Italian National Community (Italian: Comunità Nazionale Italiana) (CNI).
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In the early 1930s, he started actively working as a researcher at the Minority Institute in Ljubljana, a private institution established to study the position of Slovene minorities in Italy, Austria and Hungary. In 1935, he published the monograph Life-and-death Struggle of a National Minority: the Yugoslavs in Italy, in which he described the persecution of the Slovenes and Croats in the Julian March and in the Venetian Slovenia. The book was later translated into French, German, Italian and Russian, becoming a referential work on the subject. When the Italian army occupied the so-called Province of Ljubljana after the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Čermelj was arrested by the Italian authorities and trialed at the Second Trieste trial.
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The affirmative action of the Chinese government has been called into question of late, especially from the ethnic group of Han Chinese. Unfair policies on Chinese College entrance exams as well as human rights considered to be favoring the national minority have both been believed to be causing reverse discrimination in the mainland. Han chauvinism has been becoming more popular in mainland China since the 2000s, the cause of which has been attributed to the discontent towards Chinese affirmative action.《凭栏观史》第34期：中国到底有没有大汉族主义 Since Xi Jinping has assumed power as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China in 2012, he has increased efforts to assimilate the people with mainland China.
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The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) was a Marxist–Leninist organization whose primary objective was "to compel the Turkish Government to acknowledge publicly its alleged responsibility for the deaths of 1.5 million Armenians in 1915, pay reparations, and cede territory for an Armenian homeland". PKK and ASALA held a press conference on April 8, 1980, in Sidon which declared their cooperation, that resulted with the Strasbourg, November 9, 1980, and Rome, November 19, 1980, activities of ASALA and PKK cooperation.PKK Relations with Sub-National Terrorist Groups The Armenian guerilla fighter and ASALA member Monte Melkonian considered in his writings Armenian self-determination as a national minority within a revolutionary Kurdish state. However, after July 1983, ASALA disappeared in the Lebanese Beqaa Valley where the PKK established its camps.
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The Constitution of Croatia was passed in December 1990, which reduced the status of Serbs from "constituent" to a "national minority" in the same category as other groups such as Italians and Hungarians. Some would later justify their claim to an independent Serb state by arguing that the new constitution contradicted the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution, because, in their view, Croatia was still legally governed by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, although this ignores the fact that Serbia's constitution, promulgated three months before Croatia's, also contained several provisions violating the 1974 Federal Constitution. Serbs in Croatia had established a Serbian National Council in July 1990 to coordinate opposition to Croatian independence. Their position was that if Croatia could secede from Yugoslavia, then the Serbs could secede from Croatia.
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Romania officially supports the rights of the so-called "Romanians abroad", that is, all those who "assume a Romanian cultural identity, people of Romanian origin and persons that belong to the Romanian linguistic and cultural vein, Romanians who live outside Romania, regardless how they are called". This legislation includes not only the Istro- Romanians, but also the Aromanians, "" (Romanians from the Hertza region in Ukraine), Moldovans, Megleno-Romanians, Vlachs and many others, all seen as ethnic Romanians by the Romanian state. Today, the Istro-Romanians are not officially recognized as a national minority in Croatia and are not protected under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. They are more exposed than ever to asmiliation and are declining in number rapidly, with risks of disappearing completely in the following decades.
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In the first years after introduction of new Constitutional Act on the Rights of National Minorities some local governments resisted implementation of its legal obligations. In 2005 Ombudsman report, municipalities of Vojnić, Krnjak, Gvozd, Donji Kukuruzari, Dvor and Korenica were mentioned as those that do not allow the official use of the Serbian language, although the national minority in these places meets the threshold provided for in the Constitutional Act. The report pointed out that Serbian minority in Vukovar can not use the Serbian language although minority constituted less than one percent less population than it was prescribed by law. After 2011 Croatian census Serbs of Vukovar meet the required proportion of population for co-official introduction of Serbian language but it led to Anti-Cyrillic protests in Croatia.
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Serbian Language and Serbian Cyrillic alphabet is the second official language in the municipality of Borovo alongside with the Croatian language which is official at the national level. Both Serbian and Croatian language are standardized varieties of the Serbo-Croatian language. According to the municipal Statute, individuals who are members of the Serbian national minority are ensured the freedom of expression of national belonging and freedom to use their language and script in public and private use on the whole territory of the Municipality of Borovo. The statute guarantees that the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet will be used in the same font as Latin alphabet in text of the local seals and stamps, on official plates of public representative, executive and administrative bodies, as well as on those of legal persons with public authorities.
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11, 2001. NMAC organizes every USCA conference in conjunction with more than 30 co- sponsors. These include government agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Office of Aids Research (OAR); nonprofit organizations, such as the National Association of People with AIDS and the AIDS Alliance for Children, Youth, and Families; and pharmaceutical corporations, such as GlaxoSmithKline and Abbott Laboratories.Business Wire, “National Minority AIDS Council Announces Program for 2003 U.S. Conference on AIDS,” Business Wire, August 5, 2003. In 2002, when then-President Bush appointed Joseph O’Neill to be director of the U.S. Office of National AIDS Policy, O’Neill delivered his first major public address at the USCA, which took place that year in Anaheim, Calif.Windy City Times, “AIDS czar to address conference on AIDS,” Windy City Times, Aug.
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1962): 138–157. Nominally, this process was guided by the principle of "voluntary parental choice." But other factors also came into play, including the size and formal political status of the group in the Soviet federal hierarchy and the prevailing level of bilingualism among parents.Brian D. Silver, "The Status of National Minority Languages in Soviet Education: An Assessment of Recent Changes," Soviet Studies 26 (Jan. 1974): 28–40; Isabelle Kreindler,"The Changing Status of Russian in the Soviet Union," International Journal of the Sociology of Language 33 (1982): 7–39; Anderson and Silver (1984). By the early 1970s schools in which non-Russian languages served as the principal medium of instruction operated in 45 languages, while seven more indigenous languages were taught as subjects of study for at least one class year.
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The League for the Fifth International calls for the creation of rank and file movements in the trade unions, based on the National Minority Movement formed by the Communist Party of Great Britain in the 1920s. It is an anti-bureaucratic organisation and is critical of 'Broad Left' alliances in the unions which, they argue, act as electoral machines for left wing leader trade union bureaucrats. The Broad Left projects prevent criticism of left leaders in the unions and can act to frustrate action at certain times since it does not create a rank and file mechanism for organising strikes. Their analysis includes differentiating between left and right wing bureaucrats but also between the union full-time apparatus and the members of the union in the branches and work places.
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However in its Resolution 1301 (2002) on Protection of minorities in Belgium the European Council clarified this point in reiterating the definition it had already provided in its Recommendation 1201 (1993). the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted Resolution 1301 (2002) on Protection of minorities in Belgium supporting French speakers' claim to be recognised as a "national minority" in the Flemish region, like Dutch speakers and German speakers in Wallonia.Resolution 1301 (2002) on Protection of minorities in Belgium However, this assembly has a moral advisory role and not authority to impose rules on its members. Until now, neither the French-speaking authorities nor the German-speaking authorities have taken any formal step to restrict language facilities in a similar way for the Dutch/French/German speakers living in Walloon municipalities with language facilities.
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The law also stipulates that each electoral district must be within one administrative unit of the first level (oblast, city of Kyiv or Sevastopol, Autonomous Republic of Crimea), i.e. it is not allowed for a part of an electoral district to be in one administrative unit and another part in another unit. In addition, territories inhabited by national minorities and adjacent to each other must be included into one electoral district. Referring to this provision, the Hungarian national minority in Zakarpattia Oblast demands the restoration of Tisza electoral district, which existed prior to 2012, but in 2012 the Hungarians were divided between 73rd, 68th and 69th electoral districts, where they now are the minority of voters, which deprived them of the ability to elect their own deputy to the Verkhovna Rada.
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This migration flow presents a prima facie controversial acknowledgment in consideration of the fact that we have mentioned that an Albanian national minority was called into being: The great majority of the emigrants chose to leave for Turkey and not Albania. However, a closer reading of the relevant documents indicates that the Greek Authorities were unofficially encouraging (legal) migration to Turkey while discouraging, or even forbidding, migration to Albania. One more fact that should not be underestimated is that there was an underground migration to Albania, which was not documented in the reports of Local Authorities to the Centre (since, for instance, no passports were issued) and only indirectly referred to in Greek sources. However, this migration is testified to by the relevant Albanian bibliography which includes the testimonies of members of the community.
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Ian Saltern, Cornish National Minority Report 2, 2011 Throughout classical antiquity, the ancient Britons formed a series of tribes, cultures and identities in Great Britain; the Dumnonii and Cornovii were the Celtic tribes who inhabited what was to become Cornwall during the Iron Age, Roman and post-Roman periods. The name Cornwall and its demonym Cornish are derived from the Celtic Cornovii tribe. The Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement of Britain in the 5th to 6th centuries restricted the Romano-British culture and language gradually into the north and west of Great Britain whilst the inhabitants of southern and eastern Britain became English. The Cornish people, who shared the Brythonic language with the Welsh and Bretons across the sea, were referred to in the Old English language as the "Westwalas" meaning West Welsh.
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This, however, would be mainly a change on paper, not in actual ethnic or national identities. The sharply contracted list in 1939 was later expanded again for the 1959 census, though not to the number of peoples listed in 1926; the director of the 1959 census criticized the earlier effort at contraction as artificial. The development of so-called "national schools" (национальные школы) in which the languages of minority nationalities were the main media of instruction continued, spreading literacy and universal education in many national minority languages, while teaching Russian as a required subject of study. The term korenizatsiya went out of use in the latter half of the 1930s, replaced by more bureaucratic expressions, such as "selection and placement of national cadres" (подбор и расстановка национальных кадров).
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Stefan Nowaczek, Capt. Jan Rybczyński, Lt. Jan Helcman, Józef Skarżyński, Aleksander Eugeniusz Piwnicki, Stefan Sipa, Lt. Antoni Zaręba; # at the Ministry of Internal Affairs: Henryk Suchanek- Suchecki, Stanisław Łaniecki, Emil Miśkiewicz; # at the Ministry of Education: Aleksander Kawałkowski, Franciszek Salezy Potocki, Zdzisław Meyer, Juliusz Znaniecki, Adam Miłobędzki; # in the socio-political sphere: Senator Stanisław Siedlecki (president of the Eastern Institute), Wacław Sieroszewski, Stanisław Trzeciak, Antoni Wincenty Kwiatkowski, Antoni Około-Kułak, Prof. Olgierd Górka (general secretary and director of the Eastern Institute), Stanisław Korwin- Pawłowski (general secretary of the Eastern Institute), Bolesław Bielawski, Stanisław Józef Paprocki (director of the Institute for Study of National Minority Affairs), Leon Wasilewski, Włodzimierz Bączkowski, Feliks Ibiański- Zahora, Wacław Wincenty Łypacewicz, Władysław Wielhorski (director of the Institute for Study of Eastern Europe, in Vilnius), Marian Świechowski, Prof. Jan Kucharzewski, Prof.
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To teach a modern, secular Hebrew, they believed, required teaching methods that were concrete and active, involving the body. They founded their own publishing house, "Novaya Pedagogika" (New Pedagogy), to publish their theory and methodology. Migrating to Moscow with other refugees during World War I, he and Wolf (under the collective title of the "Brat'ya Gordinii," the Gordin Brothers) joined the editorial staff of the influential newspaper, Anarkhiia, published from 1917-1918. There, they published a series of works delineating the principles of "Pan-Anarchism," a form of anarchism intended to address the distinctive problems and aspirations of "the Oppressed Five": > The "Oppressed Five" referred to those categories of humanity which endured > the greatest hardships under the yoke of Western civilization: "worker- > vagabond," national minority, woman, youth, and individual personality.
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Dervo Sejdić In the case Sejdić and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, the European Court of Human Rights in December 2009 found that the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina violated the rights of Mr Dervo Sejdić (a Roma representative) because of the arrangements reserving the candidacy for the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina and for the House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the affiliates to the so-called "constituent peoples" (Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats), thus directly discriminating against other groups, including Roma and Jews, as well as citizens without ethno-national affiliation. Bosnia and Herzegovina has not yet amended its Constitution to bring it in line with the European Convention on Human Rights. Roma representatives take part in the National Minority Councils, legislative advisory bodies at state and entity levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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The rights of ethnic minorities in Poland are guaranteed in article 35 of the 1997 Constitution: :1. The Republic of Poland shall ensure Polish citizens belonging to national or ethnic minorities the freedom to maintain and develop their own language, to maintain customs and traditions, and to develop their own culture. :2. National and ethnic minorities shall have the right to establish educational and cultural institutions, institutions designed to protect religious identity, as well as to participate in the resolution of matters connected with their cultural identity. The Bill on Ethnic and National Minorities and Regional Languages of 6 January 2005 () stipulates that in order to be recognized as an ethnic or national minority a given group must reside in Poland for at least 100 years, which excludes minorities previously recognized as such under the Communist regimes, such as the Greeks.
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Mirror Weekly. 20 March 2014 Currently the Russian government considers Crimean Tatars to be a "national minority", not an indigenous people of Crimea, and continues to deny that they are a titular people of Crimea; however, before the deportation and exile of Crimean Tatars from Crimea in 1944 and the subsequent dissolution of the Crimean ASSR the Soviet government considered Crimean Tatars to be the indigenous people of the Crimea. Crimean Tatars constituted the majority of Crimea's population from the time of ethnogenesis until the mid-19th century, and the largest ethnic population until the end of the 19th century. Almost immediately after the retaking of Crimea from Axis forces, in May 1944, the USSR State Defense Committee ordered the deportation of all of the Crimean Tatars from Crimea, including the families of Crimean Tatars serving in the Soviet Army.
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On tenth anniversary of Constitutional law Serb Democratic Forum sent a statement arguing that law served just to strengthen minority elites and did not actually strengthen the rights of national minorities. According to them, Constitutional Law is just collection of good wishes and European standards which face constant obstruction from state and at local levels. They add that national minority councils have failed to consume their role and become bodies without any real role and functions in local communities while Council for National Minorities became politicized institution through which minority elites generate their own, and not the interests of the minority communities they represent. In 2011 Constitutional Court of Croatia after Left of Croatia, Serb Democratic Forum, Croatian Helsinki Committee and GONG repealed Law provision which guaranteed that Serbian minority will elect three members of parliament in one of regular constituency.
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The Workers' Unity League (WUL) was established in January 1930 as a militant industrial union labour central closely related to the Communist Party of Canada on the instructions of the Communist International. This was reflective of the shift in Communist theory during the Communist International's "Third Period". Rather than "boring from within"—the policy of the "Second Period" that encouraged Communists to join mainstream labour unions and progressive organizations in order to move them to the revolutionary left—this new philosophy emphasized creating Communist groups to popularly defend the Soviet way. The WUL paralleled similar alternative trade union structures elsewhere: the Trade Union Unity League in the US, the National Minority Movement in the UK. Unlike both the TLC (Trades and Labor Congress of Canada) and the ACCL (All Canadian Congress of Labour), the WUL organized the unemployed as well.
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On 30 March, the National Assembly passed an act 137–53 that made the state of emergency indefinite and allowed Prime Minister Orbán to rule by decree during it. During the state of emergency, by-elections and national and local referendums must be postponed until after the conclusion of the state of emergency, and deliberate bodies of a local governments and national minority self-governments cannot be dissolved. The act also makes the deliberate distribution of misleading information that obstructs responses to the pandemic punishable by up to five years in prison, and breaking quarantine punishable by up to three. The bill faced opposition for containing indefinite restrictions on these powers, as well as concerns over the possibility that the "fake news" prohibition in the bill could be abused for censorship of dissenting opinions towards the government's response.
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An unsuccessful election for the new composition of the Bosniac National Council was held on 6 June 2010, after which the old leadership continued to lead the Council. This led to the new halt in the relations between the Council and Serbian authorities, after which the Council adopted the Resolution on Status and Consummation of Rights of the Bosniak people in Serbia on 1 March 2012, and later the Declaration to the Bosniak People and Citizens of Sandžak as an instruction to the Bosniak political parties and associations to carry out a pressure on the Serbian authorities. On 6 April 2012, the Bosniac National Council adopted the national anthem of the Bosniak national minority called "Ja sin sam tvoj" (I'm your son). The first elections for the national councils of various national minorities in Serbia were held in October 2014.
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The number of students by language of instruction in Latvian schools from 1999 to 2006 Russian is one of the seven minority languages alongside Polish, Hebrew, Ukrainian, Estonian, Lithuanian, and Belarusian national minority education programmes are provided in. In 2018 there were 94 schools implementing education programs in Russian and bilingually in Latvia. In 2014 schoolchildren of Latvia demonstrated the highest overall results in Russian language (70.9%) of all the exit exams, a 6.75% increase in comparison with 2013. In 2017 a total of 7% or 5,332 students studied in Russian in Latvia's state and private higher education institutions (around one third in private colleges and less than 1 percent in state higher institutions), the most being at the Transport and Telecommunication Institute, where the share of the students with Russian as the language of tuition reached 86% or 2,358.
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Constitution as adopted on 2 April 1997. :Article 27 ::Polish shall be the official language in the Republic of Poland. This provision shall not infringe upon national minority rights resulting from ratified international agreements :Article 35 ::(1) The Republic of Poland shall ensure Polish citizens belonging to national or ethnic minorities the freedom to maintain and develop their own language, to maintain customs and traditions, and to develop their own culture. ::(2) National and ethnic minorities shall have the right to establish educational and cultural institutions, institutions designed to protect religious identity, as well as to participate in the resolution of matters connected with their cultural identity. :Article 233 ::(2) Limitation of the freedoms and rights of persons and citizens only by reason of race, gender, language, faith or lack of it, social origin, ancestry or property shall be prohibited.
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At the time, Franjo Tuđman considered the SDS as the primary representative of the Serbs in Croatia. They were the largest explicitly nationally inclined Serb party in Croatia, although their election success hardly matched the percentage of Serb population in Croatia, at the time 12.2% of the total population. The self- professed main goal of SDS was to protect the Serb population, which it reckoned endangered as per the new Croatian Constitution that revoked the status of its Serbs from a constituent nation to a national minority. On July 6, 1990, Milan Babić convened a meeting of representatives of Serb-populated municipalities, where they rejected the constitutional changes which would preclude such municipal associations, introduce exclusively Croat symbols, and change the name of the language spoken in Croatia (from hrvatskosrpski Croato- Serbian to hrvatski or Croatian).
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During his youth Alfons Benedikter experienced the Italian fascist oppression and discrimination policy towards the German national minority in his home village of Schlanders. He was educated in law and Russian at the University of Naples from which he graduated in 1940. During the tragic period of the so-called “Option” in 1939 (the agreement stipulated by Hitler and Mussolini to transfer all Germans living in South Tyrol into the German “Reich”) his family decided to remain living in the province, which had been annexed by Italy in 1918. Consequently, Alfons Benedikter, served five years in the army, first in the Italian army, later in the German Wehrmacht, deployed on many battlefields between Russia and Southern Italy during World War II. At the end of the war his knowledge of the Russian language saved his life.
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J Marshall, "The legal recognition of personality: full-face veils and permissible choice", International Journal of Law in Context, Cambridge University Press, 2014 at 72. The enjoyment of these rights and freedoms in the ECHR are protected under Article 14, and "shall be secured without discrimination regardless of sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status." However, these are the opinions of only some scholars. This is a contested issue and others believe that the banning of full-face veils is about liberating females to express their sexuality and providing them the opportunity to show the world who they truly are.J Selby, "Un/veiling Women’s Bodies: Secularism and Sexuality in Full-face Veil Prohibitions in France and Quebec" SAGE Journals Vol.
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Vesna Pusić Milorad Pupovac In 2010 request to amend legal standing of the entity reached the Parliament of Croatia during the discussion on amendments of the Constitutional Act on the Rights of National Minorities. The original proposal by the Cabinet of Jadranka Kosor to lawmakers included constitutional amendment accepting requests for a changed legal standing with the following provision: This proposal by the center right government provoked a heated Parliamentary debate with criticism arising from the centrist liberal Croatian People's Party and followed by the center left MPs. Opponents argued that this proposal will create a kind of local government unit with no parallel in the rest of the country. Milorad Pupovac, MP of the Serb national minority condemned the MPs who were willing to recognize the full independence of Kosovo, while objecting to the autonomy of the local Serbian community.
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Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In the case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.
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The roughly 400,000 ethnic Germans who remained in Romania were treated as guilty of collaboration with Nazi Germany and were deprived of their civil liberties and property. Many were impressed into forced labour and deported from their homes to other regions of Romania. In 1948, Romania began a gradual rehabilitation of the ethnic Germans: they were not expelled, and the communist regime gave them the status of a national minority, the only Eastern Bloc country to do so."Dokumentation der Vertreibung der Deutschen aus Ost- Mitteleuropa", Das Schicksal der Deutschen in Rumänien, pp. 81–116 In 1958 the West German government estimated, based on a demographic analysis, that by 1950, 253,000 were counted as expellees in Germany or the West, 400,000 Germans still remained in Romania, 32,000 had been assimilated into the Romanian population, and that there were 101,000 "unresolved cases" that remained to be clarified.
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The agency advances its mission through a variety of programs and services geared to minority faith- and community-based organizations (MF/CBOs), AIDS service organizations and health departments that deliver prevention, care and treatment to people of color living with and/or at risk for HIV/AIDS. NMAC facilitates two of the largest annual HIV/AIDS-related conferences in the country: United States Conference on AIDS (USCA). The largest conference of HIV/AIDS workers in the United States to date, USCA draws a crowd of 3,000 to 5,000 attendees every year. Attendees include both persons living with HIV/AIDS, as well as a diverse array of professionals committed to stopping the epidemic—nonprofit activists, health- care providers, government officials, think-tank scholars, social-services case managers, and clergy, among others.Business Wire, “National Minority AIDS Council Announces Program for 2003 U.S. Conference on AIDS,” Business Wire, August 5, 2003.
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Following the Second World War and until 1966, Ranković upheld Serbian control of Kosovo through repressive anti-Albanian policies. According to Olivera Milosavljević, from the mid-1980s along with Albanian name were used words such as "genocide", "oppression", "robbery" and "rape", while negative connotation was carried by mention of this national minority in political speeches. Modern intellectuals according to Milosavljević write about Albanians mainly within stereotype framework about theirs hatred towards Serbs which is "congenital" and with desire for their destruction, which is a product of their dominant characteristic such as "robbery" and "primitivism".Olivera Milosavljević; (2002) U tradiciji nacionalizma ili stereotipi srpskih intelektualaca XX veka o "nama" i "drugima" p.218-219; Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji During the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, on some occasions activities undertaken by Serbian officials in Kosovo have been marked as albanophobic.
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The position of the German government is, that after the German territorial losses after World War II, the current Polish minority has no century old roots in the remaining German territory, because Germany lost all the territories where people of German and Polish ethnicity overlapped. Since they are therefore only recent immigrants, they do not fulfill the requirements of a national minority according to the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the Treaty of Good Neighbourship. Being German citizens, they still retain all civil and political rights every German citizen possesses, and therefore can voice their will in the political system.Answer to Small inquiry to the German Government by MP Ulla Jelpke and the PDS, 9 September 2000, German Federal Government About 10,000 Polish citizens have recently moved to German localities along the Polish-German border, depopulated after the unification of Germany.
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As a result, for the first time there will be a national space standard for the interior of housing. As Minister for Communities, Williams also announced new funding for promotion of the Cornish language and gave recognition to the people of Cornwall as a national minority on the same basis as the other Celtic people of the British Isles. In 2017, it emerged that Williams had responded to 2014 concerns from the All-Party Parliamentary Fire Safety and Rescue Group about the fire safety of Britain's tower blocks, especially the absence of sprinklers in many of these, by saying, "I have neither seen nor heard anything that would suggest that consideration of these specific potential changes is urgent and I am not willing to disrupt the work of this department by asking that these matters are brought forward." The correspondence was leaked to the BBC after the Grenfell Tower fire.
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The Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences published a Statement on the Amendment of the Slovak Language Law, and it has been signed by many people from around the world, including linguists such as Noam Chomsky, Peter Trudgill, Bernard Comrie, Ian Roberts, and Ruth Wodak.Statement on the Amendment of the Slovak Language Law; this has a link to the list of signatories. The Ethnic-National Minority Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences analyzed the law and found that "in the interest of protecting and supporting the mother tongue, the Slovak legislature's law amendment violates several basic rights the protection of which is in any case required by international legal obligations". The institute brought an example of a fireman helping an escaping person who does not speak Slovak, and is forced to only reply in Slovak, according to their analysis of the law.
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Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In the case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.
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The applicants, whose children totalled more than 800, asserted that the law of the Dutch-speaking regions where they lived did not include adequate provisions for French-language education. They also complained that the Belgian state withheld grants from institutions in these regions that did not comply with the linguistic provisions set out in the legislation for schools and refused to homologate certificates issued by these institutions. Further, the state did not allow the applicants’ children to attend French classes in certain places, forcing applicants to enrol their children in local schools, contrary to their aspirations, or send them further afield, which entailed risks and hardships. The Government argued that the right to education in one's own language was not included in the Convention and the Protocol, and that the applicants did not belong to a national minority within the meaning of Article 14.
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Xinjiang is a large central-Asian region within the People's Republic of China comprising numerous minority groups: 45% of its population are Uyghurs, and 40% are Han. Its heavily industrialised capital, Ürümqi, has a population of more than 2.3 million, about 75% of whom are Han, 12.8% are Uyghur, and 10% are from other ethnic groups. In general, Uyghurs and the mostly Han government disagree on which group has greater historical claim to the Xinjiang region: Uyghurs believe their ancestors were indigenous to the area, whereas government policy considers present-day Xinjiang to have belonged to China since around 200 BC. According to PRC policy, Uyghurs are classified as a National Minority rather than an indigenous group—in other words, they are considered to be no more indigenous to Xinjiang than the Han, and have no special rights to the land under the law. The People's Republic has presided over the migration into Xinjiang of millions of Han, who dominate the region economically and politically.
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Unlike in Banat, in Bačka there were drastic punishment of members of the Hungarian national minority, especially those found, often on the basis of witness statements, that took direct or indirect involvement in the January 1942 raid and in the suffering of the Serbian population in April 1941. Members of Arrow Cross Party were especially targeted, as well as members of collaborationist apparatus, leadership of the DMKSZ (Cultural Union of the Hungarians of the Southern Territories that was also proclaimed to be a fascist organization), but also and others that were considered to fall under the category of associates of the occupiers. The largest number of people of Hungarian ethnicity died after the liberation of Vojvodina was recorded in places where, during the occupation, the Hungarian army and local Hungarians participated in mass crimes against the Serbian, Jewish and Roma population. The largest number of Hungarians killed was recorded in the region of Šajkaška (towns Žabalj, Čurug and Mošorin), which were affected by the January 1942 raid.
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Also, at the request of NYC Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg he served as one of the industry chairs of Fashion.NYC.2020, which looked at the future of NYC's fashion industry and made recommendations for actionable steps the NYC government could take to promote NYC's fashion industry He has been presented with numerous business recognition awards and has served as dinner chairman or as honoree for numerous retail industry organizations and charities, including Carnegie Hall, MoMA, BRAG, the Fresh Air Fund, American Jewish Council, Breast Cancer Awareness, NOW Legal Defense, Parsons School, Fashion Institute of Technology and the Ovarian Cancer Society. Lundgren is a former board member of The New York City Partnership and United Way of New York City, in addition to participating in numerous other charitable and civic efforts. He served for two terms as chairman of the National Minority Supplier Development Council, and was co-chair of the American Heart Association's CEO Roundtable.
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Editor of the group's English-language official organ was another American, Harrison George. The PPTUC counted among its members eleven radical trade union organizations. These were the Australian Council of Trade Unions, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the Indonesian Labor Federation, the Japanese Trade Union Council, the National Minority Movement (Great Britain), the Confédération Générale du Travail Unitaire (France), the Korean Workers and Peasants Federation, the Philippine Labor Congress, the National Confederation of Farm Laborers and Tenants of the Philippines, the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (USSR), and the Trade Union Educational League (USA). Member organizations endorsed a seven point platform which pledged the PPTUS to carry on a joint struggle against war between the military powers of the Pacific, to defend the Chinese Revolution, to aid oppressed nations of the region to liberate themselves from imperial powers, to fight against racial and national barriers, joint action, and a unified world trade union movement through a single Trade Union International.
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Results by municipality, shaded according to winning party's percentage of the vote. On November 9, 2015 State Election Commission published only the provisional official results from the 99.9% of regular polling stations because elections were repeated in 7 polling stations due to irregularities on election day. Final results were announced on 24 November. Centre-right Patriotic Coalition won 5956 + 3 from District XI seats, centre-left Croatia is Growing coalition 58 (2 national minority representatives side with the Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats), centre Bridge of Independent Lists 19, centre-left Istrian Democratic Assembly 3, right wing Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja and centre Milan Bandić 365 - The Party of Labour and Solidarity 2 each, centre Human Blockade and centre People's Party - Reformists 1 each. As for the 8 mandates of minority representatives, 3 go to Croatia is Growing because those representatives are members of HNS party or its parliamentary club, while Independent Democratic Serb Party that won 3 seats confirmed that it would negotiate with Croatia is Growing.
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Article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms provides the right of the national and ethnic minorities to education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) provides that a citizen of the Czech Republic who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on a long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, has the right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In the case that the administrative agency does not have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in the courts of law) the same also applies to members of national minorities in the courts of law.
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In 1972 Vincenz Rose founded the first self organisation of German Sinti, the Central Committee of Sinti in West Germany, in which the then not even 13 year old Romani Rose helped out. Since June 1979 he has led the work for the civil rights of German Sinti and Roma before the eyes of the German as well as the international public; he has also fought for their protection from racism and discrimination, for compensation for the survivors of the Holocaust – at the same time announcing the magnitude and the historical importance of the genocide of 500,000 Sinti and Roma in National Socialist occupied Europe. In May 1995, in cooperation with the member organisations of the Central Council, Rose achieved recognition for German Sinti and Roma as a national minority in Germany with their own minority language, connected with their goal of equal participation in social and political life. Rose was also one of the driving forces behind the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism in Berlin.
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The party was the political expression of the Union of Romanian Germans (UGR, Uniunea Germanilor din România), which oversaw a wide range of activities (political, cultural, religious, economic). Although it claimed to speak for all local Germans, in reality the party overwhelmingly represented the interests of the wealthiest layer of that national minority. The programme adopted in 1919 and which, in essence, remained the same for the entire interwar period, called for the application of the resolution adopted at the Alba Iulia National Assembly on 1 December 1918 regarding minorities, respect for the rights and liberties guaranteed by Romanian legislation, and the promotion of certain specific interests (cultural rights; maternal-language education; the right to found schools and other institutions maintained through special contributions paid by the German population; the right to associate for religious, cultural, economic, and other purposes). A core motivation was to secure recognition of the UGR by successive governments as a distinct entity within Romania, with the right to speak on behalf of all ethnic Germans.
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Immediately after the launch of the translator in beta mode in the spring of 2010, it was only available in three languages — English, Russian and Ukrainian, with a limit of 10,000 characters. Yandex.Translate has some languages that are missing from Google Translate, such as Russian national minority languages of Hill Mari. As of , translation is available in 97 languages: #Afrikaans #Albanian #Amharic #Arabic #Armenian #Azerbaijani #Basque #Bashkir #Belarusian #Bengali #Bosnian #Bulgarian #Burmese #Catalan #Cebuano #Chinese #Chuvash #Croatian #Czech #Danish #Dutch #Elvish (Sindarin) #Emoji #English #Esperanto #Estonian #Finnish #French #Galician #Georgian #German #Greek #Gujarati #Haitian Creole #Hebrew #Hill Mari #Hindi #Hungarian #Icelandic #Indonesian #Irish #Italian #Japanese #Javanese #Kannada #Kazakh #Khmer #Korean #Kyrgyz #Lao #Latin #Latvian #Lithuanian #Luxembourgish #Macedonian #Malagasy #Malay #Malayalam #Maltese #Maori #Marathi #Mongolian #Nepali #Norwegian #Papiamento # Persian #Polish #Portuguese #Punjabi #Romanian #Russian #Scottish Gaelic #Serbian #Slovak #Slovenian #Somali #Spanish #Sundanese #Swahili #Swedish #Tagalog #Tajik #Tamil #Tatar #Telugu #Thai #Turkish #Udmurt #Ukrainian #Urdu #Uzbek #Vietnamese #Welsh #Xhosa #Yakut Yiddish #Yiddish #Zulu The translation direction is determined automatically. It is possible to translate words, sentences, or web pages if needed.
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Article 16 of the 2008 Constitution bans discrimination based on sexual orientation:The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008 :In this section, the expression "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different persons on any grounds such as sex, sexual orientation, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status. The Crimes Ordinance 2014 provides for fines or imprisonment of up to 7 years for a person who "uses threatening words or behaviour, or displays any written material which is threatening, and intends by doing so to stir up religious hatred, or hatred on the grounds of sexual orientation". The Criminal Procedure and Evidence Ordinance 2014 allows courts to treat an offence committed on the basis of the victim's sexual orientation as an aggravative factor. Moreover, the Prisons Ordinance 2017 requires prison staff to treat all prisoners equally without distinction to, among other categories, sexual orientation, and the Communications Ordinance 2017 forbids the distribution of material which incites hatred or discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
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His political platform included a few simple but important elements: the rejection of communist and fascist Ustasha ideology as a supra-national totalitarian regimes buried by history; bracing of the Croatian diaspora, but with the awareness that the struggle for sovereign Croatia will be led in the country; he attempted to make an agreement with the Serbs as the most numerous and influential people in Yugoslavia, and the largest national minority in Croatia, connecting Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina as countries geo politically, economically and spatially directed one to another. In many important traits his views and program remained incomplete: for example, even though it was obvious that totalitarianism is collapsing, it was still uncertain how long the process would take (the same was true for the former Yugoslavia). Tudjman likely took into account both options: staying in some kind of confederal Yugoslavia with a socialist-capitalist hybrid economic system, as well as fully independent Croatian state, with the principles of economic liberalism (privatisation controversy). Logo of the Croatian Democratic Union The modern Croatian history saw three processes.
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Xinjiang is a large central-Asian region within the People's Republic of China comprising numerous minority groups: 45% of its population are Uyghurs, and 40% are Han. Its heavily industrialised capital, Ürümqi, has a population of more than 2.3 million, about 75% of whom are Han, 12.8% are Uyghur, and 10% are from other ethnic groups. In general, Uyghurs and the mostly Han government disagree on which group has greater historical claim to the Xinjiang region: Uyghurs believe their ancestors were indigenous to the area, whereas government policy considers present-day Xinjiang to have belonged to China since around 200 BC. According to Chinese policy, Uyghurs are classified as a National Minority; they are considered to be no more indigenous to Xinjiang than the Han, and have no special rights to the land under the law. During the Mao era the People's Republic oversaw the migration into Xinjiang of millions of Han, who have been accused of economically dominating the region, although a 2008 survey on both ethnic groups has contradicted the allegation.
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The name Lifan Yuan has various translations in English, including the Board for National Minority Affairs,The biographies of the Dalai Lamas By Hanzhang Ya, P33 Court of Territorial Affairs,Opium and the limits of empire: drug prohibition in the Chinese interior ... By David Anthony Bello, P65 Board for the Administration of Outlying Regions,Political frontiers, ethnic boundaries, and human geographies in Chinese history By Nicola Di Cosmo, Don J. Wyatt, P367 Office for Relations with Principalities,Imperial China 900-1800 By Frederick W. Mote, P868 Office of Barbarian Control,Sino-Russian Relations: A Short History By R. K. I. Quested, P46 Office of Mongolian and Tibetan AffairsTraditional government in imperial China: a critical analysis By Mu Qian, Mu Ch'ien, George Oakley Totten, P135 and Court of Colonial Affairs, etc. The office was initially known as the Mongol Yamen (; , lit. the Mongol department) when it was first created in 1636. In 1639 the department was renamed and expanded to "Lifan Yuan" in Chinese and "Tulergi golo be dasara jurgan" in Manchu.
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"'Naked interest' keeping Serbian government 'alive' - analyst," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring European, 25 December 2008 (Source: Glas javnosti website, Belgrade, in Serbian 24 Dec 08). In 2009, Pásztor indicated that his party would support for a bill providing for the direct election of national minority councils."Serbia: Bill offers direct ballot to minorities with one-half registered voters," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring European, 10 July 2009 (Source: Vecernje novosti website, Belgrade, in Serbian 7 Jul 09). He also called for Serbia to join North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in this period, arguing that it was a necessary step for the country to join the European Union."Serbian governing parties differ on military neutrality, NATO membership," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring European, 14 July 2009 (Source: Danas website, Belgrade, in Serbian 7 Jul 09). The VMSZ became increasingly alienated from the Cvetković administration throughout 2009. While the party did not move into opposition, it refused to support the government's budget for 2010, and Pásztor indicated to the newspaper Danas that it did not see its alliance with the Democratic Party as a long-term "marriage.""Ethnic Hungarian MP says Serbian budget not in line with constitution," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring European, 22 December 2009 (Source: B92 TV, Belgrade, in Serbian 1400gmt 22 Dec 09).
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The opposition will run very fragmented. The key opposition force, Democratic Party, struck by the most recent mid-campaign resignation of honorary party and former republic president Boris Tadić, intends to run in a coalition with: the recently formed New Party of ex PM Zoran Živković, Rich Serbia (which was formerly a coalition partner of the LDP), the Associated Syndicates of Serbia "Concord" and a number of activists for human rights and civic liberties, among whom is also Aida Ćorović. Former Serbian president and DS long-time leader Tadić broke off a fraction of the party and announced the formation of a New Democratic Party, which would supposedly be loyal to the ideas of his old party, rather than the authoritarian approach of his successor Dragan Đilas (former Belgrade mayor). It will be a broad political alliance of civic and pro-European political parties and movements, including the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, Together for Serbia (a political party already formed by breaking off from the DS when Đilas took over leadership from Tadić after the 2012 elections), Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians, Greens of Serbia and the "Bosniak Bloc" national minority political alliance led by minister Sulejman Ugljanin.
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