Valladolid (with 300,000 inhabitants) became the largest city in Spain to municipalize water services.
|
|
As places like San Francisco municipalize, the wealthiest ratepayers with the cheapest electricity will peel off, leaving (often poorer) residents of more sparsely populated areas facing ever-rising costs, further accelerated by wildfires.
|
|
My organization recently released an in-depth study of the outcomes from new efforts to municipalize and, simply put, municipalizing does not bring lower costs, increased reliability, better energy choices, or more renewable energy.
|
|
Key Motivating Factors: The California energy crisis spiked public support for publicly owned and controlled municipal utilities. Timeline of Significant Events: 1990s: Angered by power outages and rate hikes San Franciscans engaged in various attempts to municipalize their electricity. 2001: Two ballot propositions which would have enabled the city to municipalize its electricity faced strong opposition from the incumbent utilities. Both ballot propositions were defeated, one by a narrow margin of 500 votes.
|
|
Basic Information: "The Long Island Power Authority territory consists of New York's Nassau and Suffolk counties and part of Queens, New York City, including the JFK International Airport." Key motivating factors: The effort to municipalize Long Island's electricity was primarily motivated by rising (and high) prices and bad reliability. Timeline of Significant Events: 1980s: The investor-owned Long Island Lighting Company (LILCO) faces near bankruptcy catalyzing the effort to municipalize led by then Governor Mario Cuomo. Despite public support for municipalization the effort faced strong opposition from LILCO.
|
|
2002: Advocates tried ballot measures once more but were outspent by the incumbent utilities, which spent over $2 million. Results: This is a key example of a place where several attempts to municipalize have failed giving evidence to the importance of the transaction costs associated with municipalization.
|
|
The issue was decided upon by the municipal council on 19 May 1892. The concession had a duration of thirty years, of which the municipality retained the right to municipalize the company after fifteen years and at the end of the duration. Shares worth 800,000 Norwegian krone (NOK) issued in October 1892, which sold out in a month.
|
|
While this is most often applied to electricity it can also refer to solar energy, water, sewer, trash, natural gas or other services. Between 2006 and 2016, there have been 13 different communities in the United States that have successfully switched from an IOU to a municipal utility. Most of these communities consisted of 10,000 people or less. Although proponents of municipalization have attempted to municipalize via ballot initiatives, many have failed.
|
|
On January 8, 1997, Alioto left the Board of Supervisors due to term limits. During her tenure on the Board, Alioto fought tobacco companies with several pieces of legislation, including the first anti-smoking ordinance of its kind anywhere in the United States. Alioto also focused on protecting neighborhood health care, created a comprehensive homelessness plan, increased funding for AIDS services, wrote the San Francisco needle exchange legislation, co-sponsored the minority business laws, crimes legislation, protected workers rights, assured environmental protection, helped small business, and furthered efforts to municipalize the City's electrical utility system. Alioto also created the San Francisco Film Commission and the San Francisco Youth Commission.
|
|
The transition from Direct Current systems to Alternating Current systems in the early twentieth century allowed for greater access to electricity for Americans and enabled the electricity industry to shift to a larger scale. The economies of scale associated with providing a utility created natural monopolies and the associated consolidation of different types of electrical service in urban areas: street lighting, building lighting, industrial machinery, and streetcars. The recent efforts to municipalize electricity represent a return to municipalization as a mechanism to curb monopoly power and corruption. It is also important to acknowledge that the monopoly power of many incumbent utility providers means that they have strong financial and political resources to resist municipalization.
|
|
The key motivation for municipalization stems from a difference in priorities and goals of the community members and the incumbent utility. While incumbent IOUs have a single, focused objective--reliable and safe electricity at the minimized cost, municipalized utilities also focus on the pursuit of other policy goals, especially sustainability measures and experimentation with alternative energy policy. Efforts to municipalize often also begin with the sentiment that the IOU is not managed well and the notion that by undertaking municipalization of electricity services, a city government can better capture profits and exercise greater control over electricity generation and distribution (also often tying this process to sustainability measures). There is also a neoliberal argument stemming from the historical formation of utility conglomerates.
|
|
By 1897 the Liberal Party had received a majority in the municipal council. The party had as part of its program stated that it wanted to municipalize the tramway operations. That year there was a political debate regarding an expansion of the KSS' tramway towards St. Hanshaugen and Sagene, two areas which were being developed. KSS applied to build a tramway there, but on 23 September 1897 the municipal council voted to establish its own tram company, Kristiania Kommunale Sporveie (KKS), and build a line to St. Hanshaugen Sagene itself.Fasting: 52 This resulted in three new lines. Sagene Ring opened in November 1899.Faster: 56Fristad: 45 The Rodeløkka Line, which opened in January 1900, used the lower section of the Grünerløkka Line to reach the city center. The Vippetangen Line was completed in August.
|
|
As a result, the administration passed into the hands of the municipality of Comodo, centralizing these camps and neighborhoods in the Northern Zone; which was imposed a political division into five districts and a popular neighborhood representation by Neighborhood Associations in 1972 . The town or locality happened to be since then one more district of Comodoro, but it was not part of its agglomerate until then. 8 Another destabilizing blow that helped depopulation was the closure of its station and total closure of the Comodoro Rivadavia Railroad in 1979 During the 1980s, he participated along with other neighborhoods in the northern zone of Comodoro in the failed attempt to municipalize Zona Norte, ending the separatist pretensions since then. In 1987 and was built thanks to contributions from YPF Paleontological Museum of Astra on one side of the National Route 3 .
|
|