Even Crampton admitted that a majority of Hawaii residents probably haven't noticed the bird's disappearance, while tourists tend to assume that the island's brightly colored tropical birds (the Mexican redheaded parrot and the Indian tricolor munia, for example) are indigenous.
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African and Indian silverbill are now usually considered distinct species in the Genus Euodice, and the two races of black-throated munia are often also split. The munias are popular in the bird trade and many freed or escaped birds have formed feral colonies in different pockets across the world. The red munia Amandava amandava and green munia Amandava formosa also take the name munia, but are in the genus Amandava.
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Munia (The Tale) (also stylized as Munia: The Tale) is the third studio album by Cameroonian jazz bassist and musician Richard Bona. It was released on September 22, 2003 through Universal Music France.
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Munia Islam (born 5 September 1996) is a Bangladeshi model, TV presenter and film actress. She has worked in film Swapnajaal (2018). She also has worked in many Bangla TV dramas. Munia born to Nazrul Islam and Hasina Akter.
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The Serre Mourene is a pyrenean summit, located on the Franco-Spanish border between the cirques of Troumouse and Barrosa, culminating at ; it is the second highest summit of the massif de la Munia after the pic de la Munia.
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The genus name, Heteromunia infers "different from munia" from the Greek heteros meaning different and the common name munia. Munia is a common name used in Asia for many finches, perhaps derived from a Hindi word for seed eating birds. Pectoralis derives from the Latin pectoris for the breast but also evoking the Old French word pectorale meaning breastplate which reflects the white scalloped bib on this bird.
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Bird life includes junglefowl, white wagtail, grey wagtail, Richard's pipit, sooty- headed bulbul, kingfisher and munia.
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Birds in a flock sometimes preen each other, with the soliciting bird usually showing its chin. Allopreening is usually limited to the face and neck. The scaly-breasted munia is rarely hostile but birds will sometimes quarrel without any ritualized posturing. The scaly-breasted munia produces vocalizations to communicate with its flock.
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The summit is located on the pyrenean watershed in the central Pyrenees between the summits of la Munia and Troumouse.
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Jungle Babbler - जंगली सातभाई 17\. Scaly-breasted Munia - ठिपकेवाली मनोली (मुनिया) 18\. Oriental Magpie- Robin - दयाळ 19\. Indian Robin - चीरक 20\.
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Adult Chestnut munia nest. Nest is dome-shaped; entrance/exit point is visible The chestnut munia is a small gregarious bird which feeds mainly on grain and other seeds. It frequents open grassland and cultivation. The nest is a large domed grass structure in a bush or tall grass into which 4-7 white eggs are laid.
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It is a member of the estrildid finch family. Many authorities call it a domestic form of the white-rumped munia (known in aviculture as the striated finch), at least probably, though some state that it originated as a hybrid of this species with others in the genus Lonchura. A DNA study found that it was more closely related to the white-rumped munia but not belonged to Indian muniya family than either bird is to the finch, the chestnut-breasted munia, or the "Silver Bill" (presumably the silverbill), indicating that it originated from the white-rumped.
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The buff-bellied mannikin (Lonchura melaena), also known as the sooty munia or Bismarck munia, is a species of estrildid finch found in New Britain and Buka Island. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 to 50,000 km². It is found in subtropical/ tropical dry grassland habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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Four to five, occasionally six, white eggs are laid in a typical munia ball-shaped grass nest. Breeding is recorded in West Java for February.
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The chestnut munia was formerly considered conspecific with this species. Estrildinae may have originated in India and dispersed thereafter (towards Africa and Pacific Ocean habitats).
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Immature birds have pale brown upperparts, lack the dark head found in adults, and have uniform buff underparts that can be confused with juveniles of other munia species such as the tricolored munia (Lonchura malacca) across the Asian and island populations and the black-throated munia (Lonchura kelaarti) in parts of India or Sri Lanka. Populations within their wide distribution range show variations in plumage color and size. Along with other Estrildines, these species are thought to have originated in Asia. The species has been introduced to other parts of the world due to its popularity as a cage bird and populations have established in the wild.
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However scanning while hopping does not aid in vigilance and it is thought that the scrounger tactic is incompatible with antipredatory vigilance in the scaly-breasted munia.
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The red-backed mannikin (Spermestes nigriceps), also known as the brown-backed mannikin or brown-backed munia, is a common species of estrildid finch found in Africa.
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The chestnut-breasted mannikin (Lonchura castaneothorax), also known as the chestnut-breasted munia or bully bird (in Australia), is a small brown-backed munia with a black face and greyish crown and nape. It has a broad ferruginous breast bar above a white belly. The species is found in Australia, New Caledonia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. This species has also been introduced to French Polynesia and France.
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After having reached the col de la Munia (at 2,853 m), the route leading to the summit is clear-cut, leading straight east, by a sharp ridge. The second starts south, in the Pineta valley at about 1,900 m. A path leads (without any major difficulty) to the col de la Munia, this time from the other side of the mountain. The ascent concludes the same way as the first route.
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Observations on Green Munia from Abu Hills. Pp. 240-243. In Verma, A. (ed.) Conserving Biodiversity of Rajasthan, Himanshu Publications, Udaipur.Mehra, S. P., Mehra S. & Mathur, R. (2005).
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The streak-headed mannikin (Lonchura tristissima) also known as the streak- headed munia, is a small ( in length) estrildid finch. Some taxonomists consider ssp. leucosticta a distinct species.
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The scaly-breasted munia or spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata), known in the pet trade as nutmeg mannikin or spice finch, is a sparrow-sized estrildid finch native to tropical Asia. A species of the genus Lonchura, it was formally described and named by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Its name is based on the distinct scale-like feather markings on the breast and belly. The adult is brown above and has a dark conical bill.
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The red avadavat were earlier included in the genus Estrilda by Jean Delacour. This placement was followed for a while but morphological, behavioural, biochemical and DNA studies now support their separation in the genus Amandava. The Estrildinae are thought to have evolved somewhere in the Indian plate and moving into the African and Pacific regions and it has been estimated that the red munia diverged from the green munia about 9 million years ago.
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The hooded mannikin or hooded munia, (Lonchura spectabilis) also known as the New Britain mannikin or Sclater's mannikin is a species of estrildid finch found in New Britain and New Guinea.
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The tricoloured munia is a small gregarious bird which feeds mainly on grain and other seeds. It inhabits wet grassland habitats. It may also be found in tropical lowland moist forest habitats.
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Scaly- breasted munia clutches usually contain 4 to 6 eggs, but can contain up to 10. Both sexes build the nest and incubate the eggs, which hatch in 10 to 16 days.
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The black-throated munia or Jerdon's mannikin (Lonchura kelaarti) is a small passerine bird. This estrildid finch is a resident breeding bird in the hills of southwest India, the Eastern Ghats and Sri Lanka.
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The Pic de la Munia culminating at is the highest point of the three cirques of Troumouse, Barroude and Barrosa. It is located on the border between France (Hautes-Pyrénées department) and Spain (Huesca province).
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The white-capped munia (Lonchura ferruginosa) is a species of estrildid finch found in Java and Bali. It is found in marshes, swamps, fens, grasslands habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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The white-bellied munia (Lonchura leucogastra) is a species of estrildid finch. It is found in Malesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical/ tropical lowland moist forest habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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There are three main access routes which lead to the summit of la Munia. The first, most direct and most frequented, runs along the impressive north face, in the vast cirque de Troumouse. The starting point is located at the Troumouse car park, at about 2,100 m. The ascent is a bit technical (PD), with two delicate passages : a first small wall (III-) that one needs to climb before arriving at the col de la Munia, then the cat's footstep (II) shortly before the summit ~ all this achieved in a spectacular high mountain landscape.
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The dusky munia (Lonchura fuscans) is a species of estrildid finch which is endemic to Borneo. It is found in subtropical/ tropical lowland shrubland, forest and grassland habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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The great-billed mannikin or grand munia (Lonchura grandis) is a species of estrildid finch found in northern and eastern New Guinea. It is found in wetlands habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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Smallish (11 cm), white headed brown finch. Similar to the chestnut munia but paler brown and entire head and throat white. Young birds are brown on upperparts with underparts and face buff. Iris-brown; bill-grey; feet-pale blue.
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Sueiro Belfaguer was a medieval knight, the 1st Lord of the House of Sousa. Sueiro Belfaguer was of Visigoths origin, great-grandson of Flávio Ataúlfo de Coimbra, and descendant of Égica. His wife Munia Ribeiro also was of Gothic ancestors.
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The grey-banded mannikin is approximately 10 cm long. This species is a grey pale-headed munia with brownish-grey breast, narrow and grey lower breast-band, rufous-brown belly, dark brown mantle and wings, and pale yellow rump and tail.
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The pale-headed munia (Lonchura pallida) is a species of estrildid finch found in Indonesia. It is found in artificial landscapes, subtropical and tropical lowlands, dry shrubland and grassland habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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Umayalpuram is a plain in Cauvery delta and several birds that are endemic to Indian subcontinent are found here. Ashy Prinia, Tawny flanked prinia, red-vented Bulbul, white browed Bulbul, oriental Magpie Robin, Bushchat, munia, mynah etc., are found here.
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In many areas it is regarded as an agricultural pest, feeding in large flocks on cultivated cereals such as rice. In Southeast Asia, the scaly-breasted munia is trapped in large numbers for Buddhist ceremonies, but most birds are later released.
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The genus Lonchura was introduced by the English naturalist William Henry Sykes in 1832. The type species was subsequently designated as the scaly-breasted munia. The name Lonchura combines the Ancient Greek words lonkhē "spear-head" or "lance" with oura "tail".
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Juan in turn had sons Juan, Alfonso, Munia, wife of Osorio Osóriz, and Munio Johannes, who was father of Pedro Muñiz and Elsonza, wife of Pedro Ovéquez, in whose descendants the inheritance of this branch seems to have been vested.
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The white-headed munia (Lonchura maja) is a species of estrildid finch found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. This species is also introduced to Portugal. It is found in wetlands habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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The black-faced munia is native to Indonesia including the island group of Wallacea but is absent from the Lesser Sundas. It is also present in East Timor. It is a seed-eating bird and is found in small flocks in grassy areas.
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Muniadona of Castile (1066), also called Mayor or Munia, was Queen of Pamplona (10111035) by her marriage with King Sancho Garcés III, who later added to his domains the Counties of Ribagorza (1017) and Castile (1028) using her dynastic rights to these territories.
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Vigilance is an important trait for animals in order to watch out for predators. Typically a reduction in alertness is observed for animals that live in larger groups. Studies on vigilance have been conducted on various animals including the scaly-breasted munia.
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The five-colored munia (Lonchura quinticolor) is a common species of estrildid finch found in the Lesser Sunda Islands. It inhabits many different habitats even in artificial landscapes, forest, shrubland and wet grassland habitats. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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Newton, A. & H. Gadow. 1896. A dictionary of birds. Black.London. p.11 The name amandava, along with amadavat and amidavad are all corruptions of Ahmedabad, a city in Gujarat, India from where the first few specimens of the red munia Amandava amandava were obtained.
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Even the Nicobar Islands subspecies with its limited range seems to be able to cope well with human settlement. As it is a drab-coloured and rather reclusive bird inhabiting dense undergrowth, the white-rumped munia is not necessarily conspicuous even where it occurs in considerable numbers.
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The double-barred finch is a 10–11 cm long munia-like bird. It has a white face bordered with black, brown upperparts and throat, and white underparts. The throat and underparts are separated by another black line. The wings are patterned in brown and white.
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The scaly-breasted munia was one of the many bird species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in the 1758 10th edition of his Systema Naturae, where it was given the binomial name of Loxia punctulata. Sykes assigned it to the genus Lonchura in the combination Lonchura punctulata in 1823.
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The grey-crowned mannikin or grey-crowned munia, (Lonchura nevermanni) is a species of estrildid finch of southern New Guinea. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 to 50,000 km². It is found in moist savanna & wetlands habitats. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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The hooded mannikin is a small munia. It is whitish below, brown above and has a golden to orange rump. It is unlikely to be confused with other birds in its range. The juvenile is similar in appearance to the much larger in size juvenile great-billed mannikin L. grandis.
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The pictorella mannikin, pictorella munia, or pictorella finch (Heteromunia pectoralis) is small brown and grey finch with a grey bill and distinctive scaly white breast plate which is endemic to northern Australia. It is a seed- eater found in pairs and small flocks in dry savannah and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.
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The grey-headed mannikin or grey-headed munia (Lonchura caniceps) is a species of estrildid finch, native to the Papuan Peninsula. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 50,000 to 100,000 km². It is found in moist savanna, shrubland & wetlands. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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The eastern alpine mannikin or alpine munia (Lonchura monticola) is a species of estrildid finch native to the Papuan Peninsula. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 to 50,000 km². It is found in subtropical/ tropical high altitude grassland habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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The wood is used for certain applications in shipbuilding.FAO The tree is used for timber, for cutch (catechutannic acid)Cutch and Katha from its wood and for tannin. It is also used as food for bees.Sources of Bee Forage in India It is a preferred nesting site for the scaly-breasted munia.
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The black- throated munia is a small gregarious bird which feeds mainly on seeds. It frequents open hill woodland and cultivation. The nest is a large domed grass structure in a tree or creepers on a house into which 3-8 white eggs are laid in India, and usually five in Sri Lanka.
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The species has 11 subspecies across their range and differ slightly in size and colour. This munia eats mainly grass seeds apart from berries and small insects. They forage in flocks and communicate with soft calls and whistles. The species is highly social and may sometimes roost with other species of munias.
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Forbes's mannikin (Lonchura forbesi) or the New Ireland munia, is a species of estrildid finch breeding in Papua New Guinea. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 to 50,000 km². It is found in subtropical or tropical lowland dry grassland habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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The black-faced munia (Lonchura molucca) is a species of estrildid finch found in Indonesia. It occurs in a wide range of habitats including artificial landscapes (e.g. parks and gardens), forest, grassland and savannah. It was first described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae in 1766.
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The black mannikin or black munia (Lonchura stygia) is a species of estrildid finch found in New Guinea, from Mandum (Papua, formerly known as Irian Jaya, Indonesia) to Lake Daviumbu, Papua New Guinea. It is commonly found in flocks of maximum 20 birds, inhabiting savannas, wetlands, but sometimes they were also seen at rice crops.
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L. k. jerdoni The black-throated munia is 12 cm in length with a long black tail. The adult of the southwest Indian population, L. k. jerdoni, has a stubby grey bill, dark brown upperparts with pale shaft streaks; a blackish face and bib; and pinkish brown underparts with scaly marking towards the vent.
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He visited the court of Alfonso VI in 1089, where he subscribed to a royal charter. His brother, Ermeíldo Fernández, had a palace in Val de Trigueros in 1095. They had four sisters: Urraca (an abbess), Mayor, María and Munia. All six siblings gathered in 1101 to make a donation to the Abbey of Sahagún.
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Little is known about this species and genus. Transmission is presumably by the orofaecal route. This species is found in the duodenum and small intestine of both the Indian silverbill (Lonchura malabarica) and the scaly breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata). The sporulation time has been estimated to be 24–48 hours at 31 degrees Celsius.
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The black-faced munia has a black face, throat, and upper breast. The nape and back are dark brown, and the wings and tail are black. The underparts and rump are white with fine black speckling or barring. The bill is thick and bicoloured, with a dark upper mandible and blue-gray lower mandible, and the legs are dark.
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The black-breasted mannikin or black-breasted munia (Lonchura teerinki) is a species of estrildid finch endemic to West Papua, Indonesia. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 to 50,000 km². It is found in subtropical/ tropical lowland dry shrubland and high altitude grassland habitat. The status of the species is Least Concern.
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The reserve is in the lee of summits ranging from the pic de la Munia to the Arbizon massif and is generally exposed southwards, which induces a hotter and drier microclimate allowing a life limit extension. It is mostly made up of rich pine forests and of 70 lakes and laquettes.Site des réserves naturelles de France. Accessed July 2010.
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Era Munia could mean "nun", from « moniale », of Spanish origin.Marcellin Bérot, La vie des hommes de la montagne dans les Pyrénées racontée par la toponymie, avec le concours du Centre régional des lettres de Midi-Pyrénées, 1998, Milan et parc national des Pyrénées Otherwise, it could stem from Latin, moenia meaning « walls », which corresponds to its relief.
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When singing the male sits in what is called the slope posture—erect with the head feathers raised. There are two types of slope posture, a pre-copulatory one and an ordinary one. The pre-copulatory behavior of scaly-breasted munia includes a sequence of actions. The first involves either the male or female playing with nest-material.
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They are small gregarious birds which feed mainly on seeds, usually in relatively open habitats, preferring to feed on the ground or on reeds of grasses. Several species have been noted to feed on algae such as Spirogyra.Pillai, N. G. 1968 The green algae, Spirogyra sp., in the diet of the White-backed Munia, Lonchura striata (Linn.).
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At San Diego Zoo The magpie mannikin or magpie munia (Spermestes fringilloides) is a species of estrildid finch, sparsely present across Sub- Saharan Africa. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 1,400,000 km². It is found in subtropical/ tropical (lowland) moist shrubland, forest and dry grassland habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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The Madagascan mannikin (Lepidopygia nana) is a common species of estrildid finch native to Madagascar. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 100,000 to 1,000,000 km2. This bird is also known as Madagascar Munia, Bibfinch, African Bibfinch, African Parsonfinch, or Dwarf Mannikin. It is found in subtropical and tropical dry forest, grassland, shrubland and even artificial landscapes.
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The grey-banded mannikin or grey-banded munia, (Lonchura vana) is a species of estrildid finch is known to be found in Anggi Gigi, Tamrau Mountains and Arfak Mountains in the Vogelkop Peninsula in north-west Papua, Indonesia. This species inhabits at mid-mountain wet grassland and marshland. It also can be found at abandoned agricultural plots, near human settlements.
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The black-faced munia has a wide range and is said to be abundant in some places and common in many others. The population in Indonesia has not been evaluated but the population trend seems to be steady. The bird is facing few identified threats and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
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All six highland endemic birds are found here, including dull-blue flycatcher, Sri Lanka white-eye, Sri Lanka wood pigeon, and Sri Lanka bush warbler. Yellow- eared bulbul and black-throated munia are widespread throughout the highlands. Calotes nigrilabris at Horton Plains National Park Sri Lanka is considered a herpetological paradise in the world. Possibly about 15 amphibian species inhabit the park.
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The exaggerated version of the tail flicking movement may have undergone ritualization. As a social signal, tail flicking in several other species acts as a signal indicating the intent to fly and helps keep flocks together. When roosting communally, scaly-breasted munia sit side by side in close contact with each other. The outermost bird often jostles towards the center.
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Family of Munia went to Bhorgarh, District Delhi. Kishan Lal son of Ram Dayal came back from Bhorgarh on 21 December 1867 to reclaim his property. Moti, went away but came back in his own life time. Sukha from Heera Thola went away to Daryapur in Delhi and his successor Hansram came back in the year 1867 to reclaim his property.
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The black-and-white mannikin (Spermestes bicolor) or black-and-white munia, is a species of estrildid finch, widely occurring throughout the African tropical rainforest. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 4,200,000 km2. It is found in moist savanna and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as least concern.
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The area is home to large numbers of coconut trees and mangroves. It is also the foraging and roosting area for several bird species like Lesser sand plover, Curlew sandpiper, Little stint, Gull billed tern, Brown headed Gull, Black headed Gull, Heuglin’s Gull, Blue-tailed bee-eater, Lesser Flamingoes, Greater Flamingoes, Purple moorhens, Eurasian Curlew, Ruddy Shelduck, Common Shelduck, Eurasian Coots, Spot-billed bucks, Pheasant tailed Jacana, Bar tailed Godwits, Black tailed Godwit, Ruff, Marsh sandpipers, Scaly breasted Munia, Tri-colored Munia, Red Avadavat, Indian Skimmer, the Asian Desert Warbler, the Bristled Grassbird, Caspian Plover and many more. Also, one can see as many as 800-900 flamingoes at Panje coastal village during the months of October–March. Last year, two rare wetland birds of the species Red-necked Phalarope were seen at Panje after a gap of 15 years.
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This is a liana with woody, corky, thorny stems that climb on trees, reaching up to 10 m in length. It has shiny green citrus-scented leaves, yellow-green flowers, and orange fruits about half a cm wide that taste like orange peel. The seeds are dispersed by birds and monkeys that eat the fruits. In particular, the scaly-breasted munia prefers to nest in these trees.
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These three morphs participate in a rock paper scissors sort of interaction such that no one morph completely outcompetes the other two. Another example occurs in the scaly-breasted munia, where certain individuals become scroungers and others become producers. A common misconception is that negative frequency-dependent selection causes the genetic diversity of influenza haemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins. This is not an example of negative frequency-dependent selection.
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In 1852 he published Prodromus fauna Zeylanica, on the Ceylonese vertebrate fauna. Kelaart died aboard the S.S. Ripon on the way to England on 31 August 1860 and was buried at Southampton. A bust of Kelaart was made by sculptor Henry Weigall. Two species of birds found in Sri Lanka are named after him: the black-throated munia (Lonchura kelaarti) and the hawk-eagle Nisaetus kelaarti.
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The bronze mannikin or bronze munia (Spermestes cucullata) is a small passerine (i.e. perching) bird of the Afrotropics. This very social estrildid finch is an uncommon to locally abundant bird in much of Africa south of the Sahara Desert, where it is resident, nomadic or irruptive in mesic savanna or forest margin habitats. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 8,100,000 km².
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It is the smallest and most widespread of four munia species on the African mainland, the other being black-and-white, red-backed and magpie mannikin. It co-occurs with the Madagascan mannikin on the Comoro Islands, and was introduced to Puerto Rico. Especially in the West Africa, it is considered a pest in grain and rice fields. It is locally trapped for the pet bird trade.
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The white-rumped munia is approximately 10 to 11 cm in length, with a stubby grey bill and a long black pointed tail. The adults are brown above and on the breast, and lighter below; the rump is white. There is some variation between the subspecies, but the sexes are almost impossible to distinguish in all subspecies; males have a more bulky head and bill.
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AdultThe chestnut munia is 11–12 cm in length. The adult has a stubby pale grey-blue bill, black head, and brown body, with a brick red patch on the lower back, visible only when it flies. Some races also have a black belly. The sexes are similar, but immature birds have uniform pale brown upperparts, lack the dark head and have white to pale buff underparts.
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The black-headed munia was the national bird of the Philippines until 1995, when that honorific was transferred to the Philippine eagle. There, due to urbanization and the resulting lack of awareness of local species, it is nowadays often confused for the Eurasian tree sparrow because that species, one of several also categorized as "maya" in the Philippines, is much more common in the urban areas.
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For the Pyrenees as a whole 50–60% of the glaciated area has been lost since 1991. The Balaitus, Perdigurero and La Munia glaciers have disappeared in this period. Monte Perdido Glacier has shrunk from 90 hectares to 40 hectares. As initial cause for glacier retreat in the alps since 1850, a decrease of the glaciers' albedo, caused by industrial black carbon can be identified.
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More than 70 species of birds have been recorded from the lake and its shore. Among unique species are Nepal fulvetta, white- bellied yuhina, little spiderhunter, streaked spinderhunter, yellow wagtail, black-capped kingfisher, hooded pitta, spot-breasted scimitar babbler, and white-rumped munia, which are rarely seen in other parts of the region. In addition aquatic birds and wild ducks in Palak Dil are found nowhere else in Mizoram.
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The yellow-rumped mannikin (Lonchura flaviprymna) also known as the yellow- rumped munia, is a species of estrildid finch found in the eastern Kimberley region and north-west Northern Territory, Australia. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 to 50,000 km². It is found in subtropical to tropical mangrove, moist savanna and wetland habitats. The conservation status of the species is evaluated as being of Least Concern.
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Lonchura punctulata is an abundant species and classified as "least concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The species occupies an extremely large range, and its population, while still unquantified, is large and stable. The scaly-breasted munia is not globally threatened and is common to very common throughout most of its range. However, some populations, such as those in the Lesser Sunda Islands are scarce.
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The western alpine mannikin (Lonchura montana) also known as Snow Mountain mannikin or western alpine munia is a small, approximately 11.5 cm long, estrildid finch. Both sexes are similar with dark brown plumage, black face, buff chest and black-barred white abdomen. The young has black bill, dark brown plumage and buffy-white below. Endemic to Indonesia, the western alpine mannikin is distributed in alpine grassland of the Snow Mountains and Star Mountains in western New Guinea.
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Thus, Ermesinda, Pelayo's daughter, was married to Alfonso, Dux Peter of Cantabria's son. Alphonse's son Fruela married Munia, a Basque princess from Alava, while his daughter Adosinda married Silo, a local chief from the area of Flavionavia, Pravia. After Pelayo's death in 737, his son Favila (or "Fafila") was elected king. Fafila, according to the chronicles, was unexpectedly killed by a bear while hunting in one of the trials of courage normally required of the nobility of that era.
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Pedro in turn removed the men and in their place re-installed the women. These may have included two of his three known sisters. Visclavara, who never married and was a prolific religious donor—to Jubia, Cines, Carboeiro, and the cathedral of Santiago—was still in secular life in 1097, but was described as a "handmaid of the handmaids of God" (ancillarum Dei ancilla) in 1114. The other sister, Munia, is consistently called "vowed to God" (Deo vota) in the sources.
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Paspalums are also food for caterpillars of lepidopterans such as the pasture day moth (Apina callisto), and those of the dark palm dart (Telicota ancilla) which feed on P. urvillei. Granivorous birds often eat paspalum seeds; the chestnut- breasted munia (Lonchura castaneothorax) readily feeds on the seeds of P. longifolium, for example. The ergot Claviceps paspali is a sac fungus that grows on Paspalum, producing ergot alkaloids and the tremorgen paspalitrem; it causes "paspalum staggers" poisoning in cattle. Tussock paspalum (P.
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The mammals of the district include wolf and golden jackal whilst wild boar and monkeys (including hanuman) are seen frequently. Poisonous snakes such as Indian cobra, common krait and Russell’s viper, as well as dhamnas and harmless grass snakes are very common. The common avifauna of the district include red-vented bulbul, bluethroat, Indian robin and common myna. Other bird species include fowls, crows, munia, sparrow, cuckoo, Asian koel, parakeet, woodpecker, kingfisher, owl, vulture, eagle, kite, hawk, stork, duck, pigeon, falcon and heron.
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The white-rumped munia or white-rumped mannikin (Lonchura striata), sometimes called striated finch in aviculture, is a small passerine bird from the family of waxbill "finches" (Estrildidae). These are not close relatives of the true finches (Fringillidae) or true sparrows (Passeridae). It is native to tropical continental Asia and some adjacent islands, and has been naturalized in some parts of Japan. Its domesticated hybrid descendant, the society finch or Bengalese finch, is found worldwide as a pet and a biological model organism.
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The Park contains a wide assortment of bird species and up to 136 different species are listed. Significant species include eastern grass owl, sea eagles, various parrot species, goshawks, kites, the white-throated needle tail, egrets, herons, wedge-tailed eagles and wrens. The nutmeg mannikin, also known as the scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata), is an introduced finch species native to tropical Asia. It is able to tolerate disturbed environments and may pose a threat to native finches through competition.
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Indian pitta, Asian brown flycatcher, Kashmir flycatcher, Indian blue robin, pied thrush, black-throated munia, and large-billed leaf warbler are amongst the large number of migratory species. Many endemic amphibians including Adenomus kelaartii, Polypedates cruciger, Philautus microtympanum, Philautus schmarda, Ramanella palmata, and Microhyla zeylanica together with Fejervarya limnocharis and bronzed frog inhabit the reserve. Notable reptiles include Uropeltis melanogaster, Rhinophis blythii, Aspidura brachyorrhos, A. trachyprocta, Hypnale nepa, geckos such as Calotes nigrilabris, Cophotis ceylanica, rhino horn lizard, and skink species Sphenomorphus striatopunctatum.
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Birds at the zoo include grey parrot, speckled pigeon, black-necked stork, black-headed ibis, budgerigar, dusky eagle owl, Eurasian eagle owl, Lady Amherst pheasant, ostrich, bar-headed goose, grey heron, Himalayan griffon, kalij pheasant, Black kite, sarus crane, Oriental pied hornbill, silver pheasant, Hyacinth macaw, white pelican, blue-and-yellow macaw, sulphur crested cockatoo, love bird, scaly-breasted munia, red avadavat, satyr tragopan, Reeve's pheasant, zebra finch, rose-ringed parakeet, white stork, ruddy shelduck, cockatiel, lesser adjutant, common emerald dove, emu etc.
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The green avadavat or green munia (Amandava formosa) is a species of Estrildid finch with green and yellow on the body, a bright red bill and black "zebra stripes" on the flanks. They are endemic to the Indian subcontinent and were formerly popular as cagebirds. The name "avadavat" is a corruption of the name the city of Ahmedabad in Gujarat, India, which was a centre of bird trade. They have a restricted distribution and populations are threatened by the bird trade.
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122 species of birds were sighted along the Rajang basin in 2004. 21 species were recorded along the mouth of the river while 96 species were recorded in Hose Mountains and 88 species at Lanjak Entimau which are located in the interior of Sarawak. The only endemic species of birds located at Rajang basin is Dusky munia which is found abundantly in paddy fields. Other species of birds which are commonly found along the Rajang basin are: Pacific swallow, Little spiderhunter, and Asian glossy starling.
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37, June 2005 , retrieved 11 May 2010 Over 50% of these forests are located within protected areas. There are over 300 bird species on the peninsula, of which at least 20 are unique to the ecoregion, and some live only in very restricted areas. These include the grey-banded munia, Vogelkop bowerbird, and the king bird-of- paradise.WWF: Bird wonders of New Guinea's western-most province , retrieved 11 May 2010 Road construction, illegal logging, commercial agricultural expansion and ranching potentially threaten the integrity of the ecoregion.
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The Indian silverbill or white-throated munia (Euodice malabarica) is a small passerine bird found in the Indian Subcontinent and adjoining regions that was formerly considered to include the closely related African silverbill (Euodice cantans). This estrildid finch is a common resident breeding bird in the drier regions of the Middle East and the Indian Subcontinent. It has also been introduced into many other parts of the world and has become established in some areas. They forage in small flocks in grassland and scrub habitats.
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Adult feeding young Adult feeding The scaly-breasted munia feeds mainly on grass seeds,small berries such as those of Lantana and insects. Although the bill is suited for crushing small grains, they do not show lateral movements of the lower mandible which help European greenfinches in dehusking seeds. Like some other munias, they may also feed on algae, a rich protein source, prior to the breeding season. The ease of maintaining these birds in captivity has made them popular for studying behavior and physiology.
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The site has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International principally because it is home to a population of endangered Gouldian finches. It also supports chestnut-backed buttonquails, bush stone-curlews, varied lorikeets, northern rosellas, hooded parrots, white-gaped, yellow-tinted, bar-breasted and banded honeyeaters, masked and long-tailed finches, and silver-crowned friarbirds. Other birds occasionally recorded from the IBA include the Australasian bittern, partridge pigeon, yellow-rumped munia and the northern subspecies of the crested shrike-tit.
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Munia Ganguli is an Indian biochemist, biotechnologist and a scientist at the Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB). She is known for the development of non-invasive protocols of drug delivery and the team led by her was successful in developing a drug delivery system for skin disorders, using a nanometer-sized peptide complex carrying plasmid DNA which has since shown effective penetration and apparently without harming the skin. She holds two patents for the processes she has developed. At IGIB, she has established her laboratory where she hosts several research scholars and scientists.
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Also Indian leopard, sloth bear, indian wolf, wild dog, porcupine, monkey, jungle cat, fox, striped hyena, gaur, four-horned antelope and barking deer live in the park. The park is rich in bird life too. According to an estimate of the wildlife authorities, the park harbours more than 210 species including several migratory ones. Some of them are peafowl, junglefowl, crow pheasant, crimson-breasted barbet, red-vented bulbul, racket-tailed drongo, Indian roller, magpie robin, lesser whistling teal, pintail, shoveller, egret and herons, minivet, oriole, wagtail, munia, myna, waterfowl and common kingfisher.
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The abundant species identified were: grey francolin, Eurasian collared dove, laughing dove, Indian robin, red-vented bulbul, common babbler, house sparrow and plain munia. Greater short-toed lark (Calandrella brachydactyla) was the common migratory bird seen here in large numbers. The birds sighted less frequently, called the 'specialists' were ortolan bunting, desert warbler, pied tit, white-browed fantail, lesser spotted eagle, sirkeer malkoha, Eurasian wryneck and yellow-crowned woodpecker. ;Fauna The faunal diversity consists of 14 species of mammals, nine species of reptiles and six species of snakes.
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The bronze mannikin is one of the smallest munia species, measuring 9–10 cm in length and weighing 7–12 grams. The adult is a compact bird with a short black tail, and stubby black and pale grey (not distinctly bluish) mandibles. It is black to brownish black on the head, chin, throat and center of the chest, with some purple-green iridescence on the face and sides of the breast. It has greyish brown upper parts and white underparts with irregular barring on the flanks and rump.
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It feeds mainly on seeds, but also takes insects and has been known to visit nectar bearing flowers, such as those of Erythrina trees. This munia was described as Loxia malabarica by Linnaeus who placed it along with the crossbills. Subsequently, they were included in the genera Uroloncha and Aidemosyne and later in the genus Lonchura into which many of the estrildid finches were included by Jean Delacour in his 1943 revision. The species earlier included Lonchura cantans, the African silverbill, which is found in the dry savannah habitats south of the Sahara Desert.
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Recent models of economic defence in a group- foraging context predict that the frequency of aggressive interactions should decline as resource density increases. Studies with scaly-breasted munia show that the intensity of aggressive encounters was highest when patch location was signaled, and the effect of changing resource density depended on whether patch location was signaled or not. Signaling patch location was equivalent to making the resources more spatially predictable. Changing patch density had no effect on the number of aggressive encounters when the location of food was not signaled.
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The species has also been observed in Kashmir, though this is rare. Outside their native range, escaped birds frequently establish themselves in areas with a suitable climate and can then colonize new areas nearby. Escaped cage-birds established in the wild and such populations have been recorded in the West Indies (Puerto Rico since 1971), Hawaii (since 1883), Australia, Japan and southern United States, mainly in Florida and California. In Oahu, Hawaii, they compete for habitats with the tricolored munia and tend to be rare where this competitor is present.
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The red avadavat (Amandava amandava), red munia or strawberry finch, is a sparrow-sized bird of the family Estrildidae. It is found in the open fields and grasslands of tropical Asia and is popular as a cage bird due to the colourful plumage of the males in their breeding season. It breeds in the Indian Subcontinent in the monsoon season. The species name of amandava and the common name of avadavat are derived from the city of Ahmedabad in Gujarat, India, from where these birds were exported into the pet trade in former times.
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Haryana Tourism runs the Mountain Quail tourist resort at Tikkar Taal, grounds of which also have dormitory style camping accommodation for campers. Indian Forest Department rest house named Lal Munia and a PWD rest house have also been constructed to accommodate tourists and trekkers. The resort includes playgrounds for children, along with a roller skating rink and a swimming pool. Tikker taal itself has large camping and picnic ground with outdoor seats, cobbled paths, a very high fountain, picnic facilities, boating, paragliding, cafe, adventure park for kids built in 2013.
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The national park was recognized as an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area by BirdLife International in 2016. Some of the endangered, vulnerable and near threatened species of birds reported includes Black-bellied tern, Pale-capped pigeon, Yellow-throated bulbul, Oriental darter, Pallid harrier, Great Thick-knee, River lapwing, River tern, Malabar pied hornbill, Alexandrine parakeet. Some of the tropical moist forest species of birds sighted were Black-throated munia, Indian scimitar babbler, Jerdon's nightjar, Malabar trogon Malabar whistling thrush. A subspecies of Abbott's babbler identified and named after ornithologist K. S. R. Krishna Raju was sighted around the periphery of the national park.
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The fluttering of the bird gave rise to a traditional Japanese dance, the Suzume Odori, developed in Sendai, which was depicted by artists such as Hokusai. In the Philippines, where it is one of several species referred to as maya, and is sometimes specifically referred to as the "mayang simbahan" ("church maya" or "church sparrow"), the Eurasian tree sparrow is the most common bird in the cities. Many urban Filipinos confuse it with the former national bird of the Philippines, the black-headed munia – also called a maya, but specifically differentiated in folk taxa as the "mayang pula" ("red maya").
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Silo (774–83) succeeded Aurelio after his death, and transferred the court to Pravia. Silo was married to Adosinda, one of the daughters of Alphonse I (and therefore, Pelayo's granddaughter). Alphonse II was elected king after Silo's death, but Mauregato organized a strong opposition and forced the new king to withdraw to lands in Alava (his mother, Munia, was Basque), obtaining the Asturian throne. The king, despite the bad reputation attributed by history, had good relations with Beatus of Liébana, perhaps the most important cultural figure of the kingdom, and supported him in his fight against adoptionism.
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Numerous varieties of birds are found in Madhu Road including Alexandrine parakeet, ashy-crowned sparrow- lark, ashy prinia, ashy woodswallow, Asian koel, Asian palm swift, baya weaver, black drongo, black-hooded oriole, black-rumped flameback, black- winged kite, blue-faced malkoha, brahminy kite, brown-headed barbet, changeable hawk-eagle, common emerald dove, common iora, common myna, common tailorbird, common woodshrike, coppersmith barbet, crested honey buzzard, crimson-fronted barbet, greater coucal, greater racket-tailed drongo, green bee-eater, green imperial pigeon, grey-breasted prinia, house crow, house sparrow, Indian paradise flycatcher, Indian peafowl, Indian robin, Indian roller, Jerdon's bush lark, Jerdon's leafbird, jungle crow, jungle prinia, large cuckooshrike, Malabar pied hornbill, orange-breasted green pigeon, oriental magpie-robin, paddyfield pipit, plain prinia, Sri Lanka green pigeon, purple sunbird, red-rumped swallow, red-vented bulbul, red-wattled lapwing, rock dove, rose-ringed parakeet, scaly-breasted munia, shikra, small minivet, spotted dove, Sri Lanka grey hornbill, Sri Lankan junglefowl, tawny-bellied babbler, white-bellied sea eagle, white-browed bulbul, white-browed fantail, white-rumped munia, white-rumped shama, yellow-billed babbler, yellow-eyed babbler and Zitting cisticola. Mammals found in the park include Asian elephant, bear, chevrotain, chital, golden jackal, grey langur, grizzled giant squirrel, Indian grey mongoose, Indian hare, Indian palm squirrel, leopard, muntjac, purple-faced langur, ruddy mongoose, toque macaque, water buffalo and wild boar.
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Three trans-Fly endemic bird species have been recorded, including the Fly River grassbird and the grey-crowned munia. The introduction of the rusa deer to Papua by the Dutch at Merauke in 1928, led to an extensive spread of this species to most of the southern coastlands of the island. According to the indigenous communities of the National Park, this led to major changes to the local ecosystem, including: the reduction of tall swamp grasses and consequent ceasing of breeding of the Australian pelican and magpie goose, reduction of the Phragmites reed species, and the extensive spread of Melaleuca onto the open grasslands.Bowe, Michele et al.
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The white-rumped munia is a common resident breeder ranging from the Indian subcontinent to southern China east to Taiwan, and through Southeast Asia south to Sumatra; it frequents open woodland, grassland and scrub, and is well able to adapt to agricultural land use. It is a gregarious bird which feeds mainly on seeds, moving through the undergrowth in groups and sometimes accompanying other birds such as puff-throated babblers (Pellorneum ruficeps). The nest is a large domed grass structure in a tree, bush or grass into which three to eight white eggs are laid. They are also known to use abandoned nests of Baya weaver.
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If this were true, then Rodrigo would have become Count of Castile and when he was still a child (as Ramiro and Paterna did not marry until around 842), which makes a number of historians consider this unlikely. Furthermore, Barrau-Dihago dismissed this interpretation due to the lack of support from primary sources. It has been suggested that the first count was the brother of Ordoño's wife Munia. Some Iberian Muslim writers refer to a brother or brother-in-law of Ordoño I, while others assign the same role to a Ruderick without stating a relationship, and the references have been interpreted as referring to the same man.
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The forests of central India are also one of the few known refuges for several globally threatened and restricted-range species like Malabar pied hornbill (Anthracoceros coronatus), spotted grey creeper (Salpornis spilonotus), white- bellied minivet (Pericrocotus erythropygius), Asian brown flycatcher (Muscicapa dauurica) and green munia (Amandava formosa) (Ali & Ripley, 1983). A recent survey on breeding birds of Central Indian Highlands by Wildlife Institute of India (Jayapal et al., 2005) has added several new breeding records and range-extensions like crested goshawk (Accipiter trivirgatus), Oriental scops owl (Otus sunia), spot-bellied eagle owl (Bubo nipalensis), drongo-cuckoo (Surniculus lugubris), ashy drongo (Dicrurus leucophaeus), and striated grassbird (Megalurus palustris).
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Alibijaban's mangrove forest Alibajaban has some of the most undisturbed mangrove wilderness in the Philippines. It hosts at least 22 mangrove species and 14 species of birds, including the Tabon scrubfowl, white-collared kingfisher, jungle crow, black- naped oriole, island collared dove, Asian glossy starling, chestnut munia, Philippine pied fantail, common emerald dove, black-crowned night heron, common snipe. It also supports a number of fruit bats and monitor lizards. Since the establishment on the island of a wilderness protected area in 1981, the Community Environment and Resources Office (CENRO) under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and Provincial Government of Quezon now administers the area.
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Ticlo, jointly with Diego González, Gonzalo Salvadórez, doña Elvira and children (Goto, Tota, Moma, Duenna, Garsea, and Gudesteus) donated to the Monastery of Valvanera on 25 July 1074 the third part of their threshing land in Herreruela. Goto, Toda, Munia, Dueña, García, and Gustio. His second wife, Sancha Sánchez, daughter of Sancho Macerátiz, bore him two: count Gómez González, Gonzalo's eventual heir and the premier noble and one-time suitor of queen Urraca of León, and Fernando. Goto married Fernando Díaz and was dead by July 1087, when, as the executor of her will, he made a donation to San Salvador de Oña of some land in Hermosilla that she had inherited from her father and uncle Álvaro Salvadórez.
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No wildlife was introduced to the park but the introduction of the naturalised river into the park has seen the park’s biodiversity increase by 30%. Singapore lies within the East Asian – Australasian Flyway so the park can expect to receive some special migratory bird visitors. A few surprise visitors have been spotted including the Zanzibar red bishop, a native to Africa, the spotted wood owl, native to the jungle forest in Indonesia, long-tailed parakeet, native in the Andaman Islands and the orange-cheeked waxbill, native to western and central Africa. Birds such as the purple heron, scaly-breasted munia and white-breasted waterhen that are seldom seen in a high-dense urban neighbourhood have also been spotted roosting among the vegetation.
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Alfonso II in the twelfth-century Libro de los Testamentos. Alfonso II of Asturias (842), nicknamed the Chaste (), was the king of Asturias during two different periods: first in the year 783 and later from 791 until his death in 842. Upon his death, Nepociano, a family member of undetermined relation, attempted to usurp the crown in place of the future Ramiro I. During his reign, which covered a span of 51 years, Alfonso discovered the supposed tomb of apostle Santiago in the town of Compostela, which later became known as the city of Santiago de Compostela. He was the son of Fruela I and Munia, a Basque woman captured and brought back to Asturias by the former following a military campaign.
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Lantana overgrowing an abandoned plantation in Sdei Hemed, Israel Some species are invasive, and are considered to be noxious weeds, such as in South Asia, Southern Africa and Australia. In the United States, lantanas are naturalized in the southeast, especially coastal regions of the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and the Gulf Coast. The spread of lantana is aided by the fact that their leaves are poisonous to most animals and thus avoided by herbivores, while their fruit is a delicacy for many birds, including the yellow-fronted white-eye of Vanuatu, the superb fairy-wren in Australia, the scaly-breasted munia, and the Mauritius bulbul in the Mascarenes; these distribute the seeds and thereby unwittingly contribute to the degradation of their home ecosystem. Biological control of introduced lantanas has been attempted, without robust success.
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Individuals in flocks adjusted their use of the two skills and two birds in each flock specialized on a different skill resulting in a variant of both the food source variation hypothesis and frequency dependent choice hypothesis. Aviary experiments conducted with captive flocks of scaly-breasted munia have tested whether producers and scroungers reach the predicted stable equilibrium frequency (see Evolutionarily stable strategy) when individuals are free to choose either behavior. The numbers choosing either producers and scrounger strategies have been shown to converge on stable frequencies while demonstrating that variation in tactics arise through frequency dependent pay- offs from the choice of different feeding strategies. Furthermore, foraging birds may feed actively on the substrate or pick grains dropped on the ground and these strategies may be chosen according to the situation.
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The scaly-breasted munia (subspecies topela) has established in parts of eastern Australia such as Queensland Scaly-breasted munias are found in a range of habitats but are usually close to water and grassland. In India, they are especially common in paddy fields where they are considered a minor pest on account of their feeding on grain. They are found mainly on the plains, but can be observed in the foothills of the Himalayas, in which they may be present at altitudes near , and in the Nilgiris, where they are found at altitudes up to during the summer. In Pakistan, they are restricted to a narrow region from Swat in the west to Lahore, avoiding the desert zone, and then occurring again in India east of an area between Ludhiana and Mount Abu.
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The disaster is also placed in 1084 by the Chronicon Iriense, Chronicon Burgense, and Annales Complutenses. The date of the Historia Roderici, however is confirmed by the Chronica Naierensis and has the support of Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Antonio Ubieto Arteta, R. A. Fletcher, and B. F. Reilly. Coat of arms on the lid of the sepulchre of Count Gonzalo and his brother Munio at the monastery of San Salvador de Oña Gonzalo was buried at Oña as he had requested, and where his ancestors continued to be buried. Gonzalo's first wife was Elvira Díaz, daughter of Diego Álvarez and sister of Ticlo, wife of Íñigo López, who bore him six children:Perhaps only five since Munia and Dueña, as mentioned in a charter in Valvanera, could have been only one person, Muniadona, or Mayor, who Canal Sánchez-Pagín 2003 believes was the wife of Pelayo Peláez and mother of count Gonzalo Peláez.
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Kodachadri Hills The Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary has west coast tropical evergreen forests, west coast semi evergreen forests, southern secondary moist mixed deciduous forests and dry grasslands in its ranges. The sanctuary has fauna like tiger, leopard, dhole (wild dog), jackal, sloth bear, Indian wild boar, Indian porcupine, sambar, spotted deer, muntjac (barking deer), mouse deer, gaur (Indian bison), Indian hare, lion tailed macaque, bonnet macaque, common langur, giant flying squirrel, king cobra, python etc. Jungle myna, Peafowl, Great Indian hornbill, Malabar grey hornbill, Common fowl, Common myna, White cheeked bulbul, Red vented bulbul, Little cormorant, Cattle egret, Little egret, Black drongo, Jungle crow, Crow pheasant, Brahminy kite, Grey jungle fowl, Pea fowl, White breasted water hen, Red wattled lapwing, Spotted dove, Blue rock pigeon, White breasted king fisher, Golden backed threetoed wood pecker, Scarlet minivet, Ashy swallow shrike, Paradise fly catcher, Magpie robin, Tailor bird, Purple sunbird, White-rumped munia, Golden oriole.
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During its initial phase, the leadership of ACMS tended to be dominated by upper-caste Hindus who themselves were not tea labourers. However, over the passage of time an 'insider' cadre of leaders from within the ranks of the tea labourers emerged. Prominent leaders in the history of ACMS includes Kamakhya Prosad Tripathi, Bijoy Chandra Bhagoboti, Amiyo Kumar Das, Keder Nath Goswami, Robin Kakoti, Mahendra Nath Sharma, Ghanakanta Moran, Jadunath Bhuyan, Dolbir Singh Lohar, Chanu Kharia, Durgeswar Saikia, Jogendra Nath Rajmedhi, Molia Tanti, Radhanath Khemka, Sarbeswar Bordolai, Durgeswar Saikia, Lakhan Chandra Karmakar, Narad Kumar, Probin Goswami, Mohitush Purakayastha, Chatragopal Karmakar, Sunil Kumar Nag, Prafulla Sarkar, Harlal Garh, Dipak Murmoo, Surendra Nath Mishra, Luthru Bhumij, Tarun Chutia, Durga Prosad Khargoria, Patras Ekka, Lokeswar Gogoi, Satya Narayan Ram, Bancha Saikia, Hemanta Dutta, Mahananda Bora, Labanya Deka, Joy Chandra Das, Santosh Kumar Sinha, Munia Bhat and many others which was registered under Indian Trade Union Act 1926 on District wise unit basis. Union office bearers are elected for three-year terms.
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Bugun liocichla was discovered at Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary in 1995 Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary is well known as a major birding area. It is home to at least 454 species of birds including 3 cormorants, 5 herons, black stork, Oriental white (black-headed) ibis, 4 ducks, 20 hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and vultures, 3 falcons, 10 pheasants, junglefowl, quail, and peafowl, black-necked crane, 3 rails, 6 plovers, dotterels, and lapwings, 7 waders, ibisbill, stone-curlew (Eurasian thick-knee), small pratincole, 2 gulls, 14 pigeons, 3 parrots, 15 cukoos, 10 owls, 2 nightjars, 4 swifts, 2 trogons, 7 kingfishers, 2 bee-eaters, 2 rollers, hoopoes, 4 hornbills, 6 barbets, 14 woodpeckers, 2 broadbills, 2 pittas, 2 larks, 6 martins, 7 wagtails, 9 shrikes, 9 bulbuls, 4 fairy- bluebirds, 3 shrike, brown dipper, 3 accentors, 46 thrushes, 65 Old World flycatchers, 6 parrotbills, 31 warblers, 25 flycatchers, 10 tits, 5 nuthatches, 3 treecreepers, 5 flowerpeckers, 8 sunbirds, Indian white-eye, 3 bunting, 14 finches, 2 munia, 3 sparrows, 5 starlings, 2 orioles, 7 drongos, ashy woodswallow and 9 jays.Athreya Ramana (4/13/2005) Birds of W. Arunachal Pradesh, Checklist, Kaati Trust, Pune Eaglenest record (E) The sanctuary has the distinction of having three tragopan species, perhaps unique in India.Choudhury, A.U. (2005).
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