Most imaginable virtues and virtually every Roman province was personified on coins at some point, the provinces often initially seated dejected as "CAPTA" ("taken") after its conquest, and later standing, creating images such as Britannia that were often revived in the Renaissance or later.Sear, 36–42, 46–48, 49–51 Lucian (2nd century AD) records a detailed description of a lost painting by Apelles (4th century BC) called the Calumny of Apelles, which some Renaissance painters followed, most famously Botticelli. This included eight personifications of virtues and vices: Hope, Repentance, Perfidy, Calumny, Fraud, Rancour, Ignorance, Suspicion, as well as two other figures.Lightbown, Ronald, Sandro Botticelli: Life and Work, 234, 1989, Thames and Hudson Platonism, which in some manifestations proposed systems involving numbers of spirits,Luc Brisson, Seamus O'Neill, Andrei Timotin, Neoplatonic Demons and Angels, 1–5, 2018, Brill, , 9789004374980, google books was naturally conducive to personification and allegory, and is an influence on the uses of it from classical times through various revivals up to the Baroque period.
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