112 Sentences With "more polluting" | Random Sentence Generator

MERCFA discourages the use of charcoal, which is more polluting.

A new breed of supersonic executive jets will be even more polluting.

Many of those plants are meant to replace older, more polluting ones.

At the same time, they are pouring resources into far more polluting S.U.V.s.

Proponents have argued that rail or truck transport is more polluting and dangerous than pipelines.

It is more polluting, even, than coal, generating less energy when burned while producing more emissions.

But environmentalists are worried that these faster planes will spew more polluting carbon into the environment.

Perversely, it is also becoming more polluting, producing ever more emissions of greenhouse gases to survive.

That would then raise the price of more polluting sources and make cleaner alternatives more viable.

Then there's this: Ride-hailing trips are 69 percent more polluting as the trips they displace.

With more low-emission cars in western Europe, older, more polluting models end up in eastern European markets.

So demand for air-conditioning is pushing countries to build not just more power plants, but more polluting ones.

The city regularly tries to ban older, more polluting vehicles from roads on days when pollution reaches critical levels.

By increasing taxes on more polluting energy products, it could more effectively contribute to the fight against climate change.

Power plants are responsible for just 16 percent of the state's greenhouse gases but are more polluting in other places.

In some regions, wind and solar are now cheaper than power produced by coal or natural gas, which are more polluting.

October 23 will see a new 'T-Charge' introduced to remove older, more polluting vehicles from the streets of central London.

Until we develop more capacity, the parts come largely from China, in which manufacturing is substantially more polluting than U.S. production.

One question that worries experts: Will the world embrace the S.U.V.'s even-more-polluting cousin, the all-American pickup truck?

The head of state-run Saudi oil giant Aramco, Amin Nasser, said investors would ultimately differentiate between cleaner and more polluting companies.

It may become the case where companies such as BHP will choose to preference energy efficient customers over those with more polluting operations.

Cost-based competition encouraged deployment of efficient, combined-cycle generation to displace older, more polluting generators, improving reliability while providing economic and environmental benefits.

Coal, diesel and fuel-oil, which are far more polluting than natural gas, are kept in reserve for emergencies to generate electricity in Israel.

"The use of cheaper but more polluting induction furnaces, while not being subjected to stringent carbon pricing mechanisms, also provides cost advantage," he added.

It had advantages over off-the-shelf alternatives but cost nearly twice as much, was cramped and hot, and was more polluting than promised.

Known as "deadheading," this tendency, also seen with taxis, makes a nonpooled ride-hailing trip 47 percent more polluting than a private car ride.

Some of the more-polluting businesses in and around the capital were told to shut down for a period before and during the gathering.

Wet coking uses water for cooling and is considered more polluting, as it generates more emissions and waste water that contains compounds that include cyanide.

"An airliner is over ten times as polluting as a modern train, and private jets are ten times more polluting still," Greenpeace UK's Paul Morozzo said.

The Stavanger-based company and its peers including Shell, BP and Exxon are also betting on natural gas to displace more polluting coal to produce electricity.

In both steel and coal, it has focused on shutting outdated, more polluting plants, while bringing on more efficient operations with lower emissions to ensure supply.

Some politicians and car executives have suggested that drivers of older, more polluting diesel cars could be encouraged to buy newer, cleaner models by offering state subsidies.

The reduction in U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in recent years has been a result of cheaper natural gas pushing out more polluting coal rather than regulations, he said.

Formosa was using 'wet' coking - a system which uses water for cooling and is considered more polluting, as it generates more emissions and wastewater containing compounds including cyanide.

Next week, for example, will see a new £10 'T-Charge' introduced to help discourage the use of older, more polluting vehicles on the streets of central London.

One possibility is that two very different auto markets emerge, one with cleaner cars generally along the coasts, and another with more polluting cars concentrated in Middle America.

In recent weeks there have been several indicators that China is planning on increasing the use of natural gas in winter heating, replacing boilers that use more polluting coal.

Others include overhauling car taxation to encourage the use of emissions-free vehicles such as electric cars, and reforming a truck toll to make more polluting vehicles pay more.

The closure of cheaper but more polluting induction furnaces in June had pushed many Chinese to move toward EAFs, but the limited supply of graphite electrode has stalled those plans.

China is developing its own carbon markets to curb emissions, which environmental campaigners say undermines the European steel industry's argument that it helps to protect against more polluting production elsewhere.

So they will shut down the smaller, less-efficient, more-polluting blast furnaces, but at the same time they will refocus all their production on the newest, largest blast furnaces.

But in the climate rule, the system for emissions cuts applies to the entire grid, allowing electric generation to shift from more polluting sources to less polluting ones, like wind power.

The combination of currently low carbon emission prices and coal prices in Europe is making coal-fired plants twice as profitable as gas-fired plants even though they are more polluting.

"Shorter flights and stopovers are more polluting per passenger-mile than longer flights as take off and landings generate a significant part of the total emissions per flight," Mr. Francis said.

"Confusing policy messages and changes to incentives continue to affect consumer and business confidence, causing drivers to keep hold of their older, more polluting vehicles for longer," said SMMT Chief Executive Mike Hawes.

As of Monday morning, drivers of "older, more polluting petrol and the dirtiest diesel vehicles" will have to pay a £10 ($7.93) "T-Charge" on top of the long-standing £11.50 Congestion Charge.

Related: The president of France says if Brexit won, so can Donald Trump Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has said she intends to "eradicate" diesel vehicles and the more polluting of vehicles by 2020.

While coal is more polluting than natural gas, nuclear plants do not produce any emissions, and some states like New York have moved to rescue their ailing reactors to help combat climate change.

The French energy group is looking to broaden its revenue streams with expansion in a retail power and gas market in which demand is shifting to low-carbon energy from more polluting fossil fuels.

But a car industry body said it would take time to bring forward the latest technology and the measure would do nothing to decrease the number of older, more polluting vehicles on Britain's roads.

Fortum is mainly interested in Uniper's assets in Sweden and Russia and less in its more polluting gas and coal fired power plants, which would be a better fit for RWE, the sources said.

There are 503 Chinese companies actively manufacturing and selling electric cars in China right now — and they can't wait to ship them here once Trump forces our manufacturers to make more polluting gas guzzlers.

Madrid's plan has been criticized by political opponents and industry representatives who argue that people drive older, more polluting vehicles because they can't afford to upgrade, and the new rules unfairly penalize lower-income drivers.

With projections for Arctic ice cover showing a nearly ice-free Arctic Ocean within the next few decades, it's likely that the Northabout will be joined in its route by many larger, more polluting, vessels.

TOKYO (Reuters) - Japanese utilities will rely on the return of coal-fired power plants from maintenance to meet peak electricity demand this summer, highlighting the country's dependence on the more polluting fuel instead of natural gas.

Bulgaria, the poorest member state in the European Union, faces more protests this weekend over higher fuel prices and tax increases for older, more polluting cars, though political analysts say they are unlikely to unseat Borissov's government.

The rollback wouldn't just be bad economically; it would be a nightmare for our climate – requiring more polluting fossil fuel power plants to work to provide the extra electricity just to waste it on old-fashioned bulbs.

This thesis may explain the strange spectacle from July 2014, in which the Environmental Protection Agency felt compelled to comment on an online video craze featuring drivers who'd modified their vehicles to make them visibly more polluting.

LONDON (Reuters) - Drivers of older and more polluting cars, vans and motorbikes will have to pay 12.50 pounds ($16) to enter the center of London from Monday in a bid by the city's mayor to improve air quality.

Germany is also set to fall far short of its goal to put 2968 million electric cars on the roads by 1115, as drivers are reluctant to switch from more-polluting, but also generally cheaper, diesel and petrol vehicles.

Rummelhoff also saw more room for the use of gas in home heating, where it currently accounts for around 50 percent of all units but is due to take market share from more polluting heating oil, and in transport.

LONDON, March 11 (Reuters) - Energy group BP is set to sell a new very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO) ahead of a ban on more polluting fuels for the shipping industry coming into force next year, it said on Monday.

Germany has set itself a goal of bringing 1 million electric cars onto its roads by 123, but has so far made little progress in encouraging drivers to switch from more-polluting - but also generally cheaper - diesel and petrol vehicles.

The majority of analysts had expected China — the world's biggest coal producer, consumer and importer — to import less of the fuel in 2016 because of a slowing domestic economy and an official push to limit use of more polluting energy sources.

While London's mayor, Sadiq Khan, has made tackling London's awful air quality, a policy priority — launching an 'ultra-low emission zone' in central London earlier this month which levies extra charges on motorists with more polluting vehicles if they drive into the zone.

"All technologies, regardless of fuel type, have a role to play in helping improve air quality whilst meeting our climate change targets, so government must do more to encourage consumers to buy new vehicles rather than hang onto their older, more polluting vehicles," he said.

While Fortum has said it has no plans for a restructuring, it is seen being mainly interested in Uniper's assets in Sweden and Russia and less in its more polluting gas and coal fired power plants, which would be a better fit for RWE.

Woodside Energy Chief Executive Peter Coleman said it was time to acknowledge that the industry creates emissions in Australia, but the overall impact of its LNG on global emissions is positive, assuming the fuel is used to replace more polluting coal, as is currently the case in China.

"I'm absolutely against any new tax on cars, which are already among the most taxed in the whole of Europe," League party leader Matteo Salvini said in an interview with Radio Rai1, adding that people who turned to more polluting models did so out of necessity, not choice.

However, a concerted effort by the authorities in Beijing to switch from more-polluting coal to natural gas has seen a surge in LNG imports, one that is likely to continue as cleaning up air pollution remains a priority, making 60 million tonnes per annum a realistic target.

Britain already has a domestic carbon floor price of about 25 euros per tonne, but a higher Europe-wide price could benefit companies such as French state-controlled utility EDF, which produces most of its electricity from nuclear sources but pays the same carbon levies as more polluting coal-fired power producers.

Daimler put its emissions numbers down to customers increasing preference for sports utility vehicles (SUVs), which tend to be more polluting than sedans, making it more difficult for carmakers to hit a European target for each new car to produce no more than 95 grams of carbon dioxide per kilometer by 2020.

"They will shut down the smaller, less-efficient, more-polluting blast furnaces, but at the same time they will refocus all their production on the newest, largest blast furnaces," he said, reflecting that it could be "a great piece of news" for Rio Tinto as such a shift will require higher quality raw material.

Wastewater from slaughtering activities is similar to milking parlour waste (see above) although considerably stronger in its organic composition and therefore potentially much more polluting. ;Treatment As for milking parlour waste (see above).

Haryana has 7.5 million old vehicles, of which 40% are old more polluting vehicles, besides 500,000 new vehicles are added every year. Other majorly polluted cities are Bhiwani, Bahadurgarh, Dharuhera, Hisar and Yamunanagar."From Punjab to Patna pollution spreads.", Dainik Jagran, 12 November 2017.

These restrictions placed higher limits on old, more polluting cars and lower limits on new, less polluting cars. The 1992 reform led to a significant impact on the emissions created by local pollutants in Santiago. A price effect that favored less polluting car models was also seen. Households in localities facing restrictions owned more 1992 or older built vehicles without catalytic converter than households in localities that did not face restrictions.

A prolonged soak has been shown to produce a post-soak liquid 9 times more polluting than raw sewage and should not be put down storm drains. In the UK DEFRA advises that the run-off from hay soaking should be directed to an impermeable lagoon or a sealed effluent tank. The liquid can then be removed by a licensed contractor for off-site disposal. Blundell et al.

When burned, it gave off a terrible smell because of high amounts of sulfur in its composition. When burned the sea coal released sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, soot, and particulates of organic matter into the atmosphere. The pamphlet suggests that burning wood, particularly aromatic woods, will be less harmful to the lungs and recommends relocating some of London's more polluting industries outside the capital, in particular lime-burning and brewing.

In 2009, in several spot cargo deals especially in East Asia, oil parity approached the full oil parity or even exceeds oil parity. In January 2016, the spot LNG price of has broken oil parity when the Brent crude price (≤32 US$/bbl) has fallen steeply. By the end of June 2016, LNG price has fallen by nearly 50% below its oil parity price making it more economical than more polluting diesel/gas oil in transport sector.

Government-owned Turkish Coal Operations Authority mine in Yeniköy, Milas Coal supplies over a quarter of Turkey's primary energy. The heavily subsidised coal industry generates over a third of the country's electricity and emits a third of Turkey's greenhouse gases. Every year, thousands of people die prematurely from coal-related causes, the most common of which is local air pollution. Most coal mined in Turkey is lignite (brown coal), which is more polluting than other types of coal.

A scrappage program is a government budget programme to promote the replacement of old vehicles with modern vehicles. Scrappage programmes generally have the dual aim of stimulating the automobile industry and removing inefficient, more polluting vehicles from the road. Many European countries have introduced large-scale scrappage programmes as an economic stimulus to increase market demand in the industrial sector during the global recession that began in 2008. Scrappage programmes were touted with different names, mostly referring to an environmental benefit.

Starting in the 19th century, stoves took the place of wood burning ovens in traditional Anatolian houses. For heating, every room had a stove with a stovepipe or chimney. After the late 1970s, coke was reserved for use in institutions such as schools, and the more polluting but cheaper coal was supplied to households. Imports of natural gas started in the late 1980s and by the end of the 2010s the pipeline distribution network had been extended to over 80% of the population.

In 2007, Duke Energy began to pursue permission to add two new combined cycle, natural gas-fired, 620 MW generating units to its fleet: one at the Dan River Steam Station, the other at the Buck Steam Station in Rowan County. This was done in order to diversify the company's fuel sources, expand its generating capacity, and to modernize its energy generation by moving away from less efficient, more polluting coal. After the two turbines were added, the three older coal units went offline in 2012.

In 2007, Duke Energy began to pursue permission to add two new combined cycle, natural gas-fired, 620 MW generating units to its fleet: one at the Dan River Steam Station in Rockingham County, the other at the Buck Steam Station. This was done in order to diversify the company's fuel sources, expand its generating capacity, and to modernize its energy generation by moving away from less efficient, more polluting coal. When the two turbines were added, two of the four older coal units were to go offline.

To reduce the environmental impact, the layout avoids the natural areas of Aizkorri, Urkiola and Aralar. The increase on the usage of railway, will reduce the usage of planes, more polluting than trains. In addition it will be more affordable than traveling by plane (very unusual for Spain, where general tariffs for the AVE service from Barcelona to Málaga cost €138.00 in "Turista" and €250.00 in "Club" class one way), and taking passengers to the very centre of cities, instead of the outskirts, where airports are usually located.

Among the downsides to rapid industrialization was pollution, of which St. Louis generated a great deal. Brick firing produced particulate air pollution and paint making created lead dust, while beer and liquor brewing produced grain swill. However, the worst pollution was coal dust and smoke, for which St. Louis was infamous by the 1890s. Nearly every factory relied on coal to fire steam boilers, the region's homes used a relatively more polluting form of bituminous coal, and railroad traffic created large, dense clouds of coal smoke around depots and railyards.

Crit'air vignettes The French Crit'air air quality certificate () is a vignette (a secure sticker) issued to show a vehicle's compliance with European emission standards. Crit'air covers all road vehicles, including motorcycles, quad bikes, private cars, vans, trucks, coaches and buses. Under the Law on Energy Transition for Green Growth, local councils are allowed to provide benefits only to less polluting vehicles, and vignettes enable them to be identified. The system also allows urban areas to restrict the use of the more polluting vehicles, either at all times, or when pollution levels are high.

More expensive to run and more polluting than hydroelectric power plants, thermal plants are used to generate power during peak conditions, but most of the company's thermal plants serve remote communities not connected to the main power grid in Nunavik, on the Lower North Shore, in Haute-Mauricie and in the Magdalen Islands. A thermal power station such as Tracy converts the energy contained in heavy fuel oil into heat, motion, and then into electrical energy. Burning fuel vaporize water and the steam expands to drive a turbine that spins the rotor of an alternator to generate electricity.

U-Tokio was destroyed when a failed military operation to retake sectors of the surface allowed for the SoNs to access the tunnels, and now only exists as ruins. SoNs: An abbreviation of "Spawn of NOA," SoNs are robots designed and built by the supercomputer NOA for the express purpose of destroying human civilization. They were not originally meant to completely eradicate humanity, only to destroy their society and prevent it from rebuilding and once more polluting the planet. When NOA was defeated, it sent a final message to all SoNs to drive humanity to extinction as revenge.

The UK vehicle scrappage scheme (also vehicle discount scheme and car scrappage scheme) is a scrappage scheme that was introduced in the 2009 United Kingdom Budget to encourage British motorists to purchase a new, more environmentally-friendly car or van and scrap an older, more polluting one that they have owned for more than twelve months. The scheme was extended in September 2009 and again in February 2010 and it finished at the end of March 2010. In February 2010, a separate Plug-in Car Grant to provide £5,000 towards the cost of electric vehicles was announced and it began in January 2011.

China is deploying CCT in all new plants and closing older plants that are more polluting. As part of its current 5-year plan, China is building a Wide Area Monitoring system (WAMS) and by 2012 plans to have PMU sensors at all generators of 300 megawatts and above, and all substations of 500 kilovolts and above. All generation and transmission is tightly controlled by the state, so standards and compliance processes are rapid. Requirements to use the same PMUs from the same Chinese manufacturer and stabilizers conforming to the same state specified are strictly adhered to.

A fuel station in Zigui County on the Yangtze River HAZMAT class 3 fuel oil Oil has many uses; it heats homes and businesses and fuels trucks, ships, and some cars. A small amount of electricity is produced by diesel, but it is more polluting and more expensive than natural gas. It is often used as a backup fuel for peaking power plants in case the supply of natural gas is interrupted or as the main fuel for small electrical generators. In Europe, the use of diesel is generally restricted to cars (about 40%), SUVs (about 90%), and trucks and buses (over 99%).

Tar-like consistency of heavy fuel oil Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is a category of fuel oils of a tar-like consistency identified as a "worse case substance". Also known as bunker fuel, or residual fuel oil, HFO is the result or remnant from the distillation and cracking process of petroleum. For this reason, HFO is contaminated with several different compounds including aromatics, sulfur and nitrogen, making emission upon combustion more polluting compared to other fuel oils. HFO is predominantly used as a fuel source for marine vessel propulsion due to its relatively low cost compared to cleaner fuel sources such as distillates.

The projects were eventually abandoned, replaced with coal-fired powerplants that Udall thought more polluting than the dams would have been. However, in the opposite extreme, Udall's "proudest achievement" was passage of an Alaska lands bill, permanently preserving 104.3 million acres of extraordinary scenic wilderness, over the furious opposition of many in Alaska and in the natural resource industries. In 1973, Udall was named "Legislator of the Year" by the National Wildlife Federation. However, in 1974, his Land Use Bill was defeated—some environmentalists blaming Udall's inability to work the bill effectively on the floor of the House.

Schemes rationing access based on number plate have mixed results. If used infrequently or temporarily the alternate-day travel policy can have some impact. However, if used as a long term measure, inequality issues might arise, as wealthier people can afford to own two cars with opposite-parity number plates, to circumvent any restrictions, with the second vehicle being often older and therefore more polluting. Cities such as Tehran which have used such schemes are now looking to more sustainable methods of traffic and emissions control, such as low emission zone or traffic limited zones as used in Europe.

In June 2009, a nationwide scrappage programme was implemented, which offered rebates of $450-$900 for trading in older, heavy polluting cars and trucks for new ones until 31 May 2010. The program was expected to substitute 2,700,000 more polluting vehicles from the roads. Eligible vehicles included: used minivans, small and mid-size trucks and other mid-size passenger cars that no longer meet the emissions standards set by the Chinese Government. In addition, the Shanghai local government offered similar incentives of $450 to $1,100 per vehicle to its residents who traded in older vehicles; allowing the total subsidy to be as much as $2,000.

The program groups vehicles by their ending license plate digits, and every weekday vehicles having any of the day's two "hoy no circula" digits are banned from circulating. For instance, on Fridays, vehicles with plates ending in 9 or 0 may not drive. This program is controversial since it has resulted in households buying additional vehicles, either new cars for better-off houses, or very old cheap—and thus more polluting—vehicles. Moreover, newer vehicles are exempt from complying with the program—in that they are manufactured with stricter pollution-reduction equipment—a move said to have been pushed by auto makers to boost sales of new vehicles.

However, mining licence information that is held by the government in the "e-maden" database is not released to the public. In the late 2010s, the government attempted to auction mine licenses to private companies provided that they would build nearby power plants, but the auctions attracted little interest as the currency weakened. Also at that time the government tried to re-privatize the 290-MW Yunus Emre power station, but it remains publicly owned. And although lignite is more polluting than most other types of coal, the government tried to persuade other coal-fired power stations to convert to lignite to reduce import costs.

In the reshuffle after the sudden resignation of the Secretary of State for Transport, Ruth Kelly, during the 2008 Labour Party Conference, Hoon became the Secretary of State for Transport on 3 October 2008. His former role as Labour Chief Whip was given to Nick Brown. In January 2009, Hoon gave the official go-ahead for the controversial expansion of Heathrow Airport. Later that same year, Transport Secretary Hoon oversaw the launch of the vehicle scrappage scheme; which was intended to encourage motorists to scrap their older, more polluting vehicles for a discount off a more modern, more environmentally friendly newer car from participating companies.

Since writing this, George Monbiot is no longer opposed to nuclear power as an alternative to more polluting sources such as coal. In July 2011, Lynas published in the U.K. the book entitled The God Species: How the Planet Can Survive the Age of Humans. It was also published in the U.S. by National Geographic in October 2011 as The God Species: Saving the Planet in the Age of Humans (). Lynas argues that as Earth has entered the Anthropocene, and as such humanity is changing the planet's climate, its bio- geochemical cycles, the chemistry of the oceans and the colour of the sky, as well as reducing the number of species.

Ecopass traffic restricted zone (ZTL) The amount of the charge depended on the vehicle's engine emissions standard and fees vary from €2–10 on weekdays from 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Free access to the ZTL was granted to several types of alternative fuel vehicles and for conventional fuel vehicles compliant with the Euro3 and Euro4 or better. Residents within the restricted zone were exempted only if driving higher emission standard vehicles while owners of vehicles with older more polluting engines a discount only if they buy an annual pass that can go up to €250 depending on the vehicle's engine emission standards.

There were also restrictions on entering the ZTL between 7:30 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. for trucks with a length greater than 7 m; commercial loading and unloading operations are restricted to pre-established schedules; and the vehicles with older more polluting engines were forbidden to enter the ZTL during six months a year. Milanese authorities decided to temporarily suspend charging the Ecopass fees during a three-week period in August 2008 in order to facilitate tourism inside the restricted area (ZTL), considering that during this time of the summer local traffic drops by around 30% and pollution levels are usually at a minimum level.

However, the bonus for the purchase of a pure electric car was slated to drop to from in 2016, but to compensate, the additional scrappage bonus was to be increased to from in 2016. Also, the government plans to introduce a purchase price cap to the vehicles eligible for the bonus, and to introduce a new bonus for two-wheeled motor vehicles. For the more polluting vehicles, the government intends to increase the maximum malus fee to from in 2016 for vehicles emitting more than 191 g/km, lowering the limit from 200 g/km in 2016. The government intended to maintain the purchase bonus for plug-in hybrids with a emission level between 21 and 60 g/km.

While there are different ways to power cars most rely on gasoline or diesel, and they consume almost a quarter of world oil production . In 2018 passenger road vehicles emitted 3.6 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide. , due to greenhouse gases emitted during battery production, electric cars must be driven tens of thousands of kilometers before their lifecycle carbon emissions are less than fossil fuel cars: but this is expected to improve in future due to longer lasting batteries being produced in larger factories, and lower carbon electricity. Many governments are using fiscal policies, such as road tax, to discourage the purchase and use of more polluting cars; and many cities are doing the same with low-emission zones.

Simple two-stroke engines are lubricated on a "total loss" method, mixing lubricating oil with their fuel; they are estimated to create exhaust in excess of 25% of their fuel and oil unburned in addition to the products of incomplete and complete combustion. The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act allowed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to begin regulating all recreational marine engines including PWC, as well as other off-road internal combustion engines. The agency began a dialogue with manufacturers in 1991, resulting in regulations that were enacted in 1996. These regulations, set to phase in between 1998 and 2006, are considered averaging standards, because they allow manufacturers to offset more-polluting engines in their product range by offering other engines that exceed the standard.

Many people criticize these new materials, referred to as white cork, since the black smoke they give off during the burning of the monument means the combustion can't be seen clearly. The pollution that these new materials cause has also been criticised in comparison with the supposedly lighter pollution from traditional materials. The Polytechnic University of Valencia carried out a study which seems to prove that, on the contrary, white cork is less polluting than the traditional materials. The student of Fallas Manuel Sanchis Ambrós carried out a study in which he assured that even though the combustion of cork gave off more heat, the combustion of wood and liquid materials used in making a wood structure is clearly more polluting.

A protest to modernization that would allow for refining of more polluting high sulphur crude Following the end of World War II, the refinery began a long-range modernization and expansion of its facilities to accommodate the new post-war consumer demands for petroleum products. The refinery constructed units that increased production of highly refined products for the postwar generation of higher-compression engines. In 1951, a residuum stripper was constructed to convert heavy residual fuel oil into lighter products. In 1959, the company made a major breakthrough when it developed the Isocracking process which uses catalysts to rearrange the existing molecules of heavy fuel oils to remove sulfur and convert low-value fuel oils into higher-yield products such as gasoline.

The Toyota Corolla was the CARS program's top seller. The Car Allowance Rebate System (CARS) was a $3,000,000,000 US federal program that helps US citizens to purchase a new, more fuel efficient vehicle when trading in an older, more polluting vehicle. The program officially started on 1 July 2009 and claims began to be processed until 24 July, and ended on 24 August 2009; as the appropriated resources were exhausted. The initial $1,000,000,000 for the system was exhausted by July 30, 2009, well before the anticipated end date of November 1, 2009, due to very high demand. In response, Congress approved an additional $2 billion for the program. On August 26 the DoT reported that the program resulted in 690,114 dealer transactions submitted requesting a total of $2.877 billion in rebates.

The eco-friendly vessel usually ran on a low emission fuel "derived mainly from animal fat, soybeans or other forms of bio- diesel" but was forced by operational reasons to switch to a more polluting petroleum diesel. Pete Bethune, the operator, said that an agreement was reached with Sea Shepherd for the boat to adopt a support role. Watson indicated that the Ady Gil would be used to intercept and block harpoons. It was also reported that the MV Steve Irwin was equipped with a new water cannon for this operation. On January 5, 2010, Sea Shepherd announced that TV personality Bob Barker had earlier donated $5 million to Sea Shepherd to buy in secret an ex-Norwegian whaling vessel, now named Bob Barker after the donor, and that the ship located the Nisshin Maru Japanese whaling vessel.

In some areas, such as Lake Tahoe, outboard motors and PWCs are permitted if they meet the 2006 EPA or California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2001 regulations. Some pre-2006 model year PWCs meet this EPA standard, including all four-stroke makes and models and all two-stroke cycle direct- injection (non-carbureted) models. Lake Tahoe Watercraft Environmental groups such as the Surfrider Foundation and the Bluewater Network claim that more rapid progress could be made, and that the diminishing numbers of pre-1998 watercraft in use continue to emit substantial pollution. Against this, industry groups such as the Personal Watercraft Industry Association point out that environmental groups continue to cite pollution levels of pre-regulation watercraft and ignore the improvements made to newer models; and furthermore, that personal watercraft are unfairly singled out when they are no more polluting than other powered boats.

Khan on a visit to Amritsar, India in 2018 Khan has called air pollution “the biggest public health emergency of a generation.” In October 2017, he introduced the Toxicity Charge (T-charge); operating within the same hours and zone as the London congestion charge, the T-Charge levied a £10 fine on top of that for older and more polluting vehicles (typically diesel and petrol ones registered before 2006) that do not meet Euro 4 standards. In that same year, he announced plans to establish a replacement: an "Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ)" across London that would charge owners of the most polluting cars a fine of £12.50 per day on top of the congestion charge. The all day, every day (except on Christmas Day) zone was introduced in 2019 in Central London, applying to diesel cars and vans whose engines aren't at the latest Euro 6 standard as well as most petrol cars over 14 years old; in addition, non- compliant buses, coaches and lorries will have to pay £100.

As the London Labour candidate, Khan was elected Mayor of London at the 2016 mayoral election, defeating London Conservatives rival Zac Goldsmith and then resigning as an MP. In office, he froze all Transport for London fares until he offered HM Government a 1% above-inflation fare rise in return for a £1.6bn bailout for TfL amid the COVID-19 pandemic, introduced the Hopper fare for unlimited bus and tram journeys for an hour, the Toxicity Charge (T-Charge) on older and more polluting vehicles, and the 24/7 Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) fee on all but the cleanest vehicles in Central London, and backed expansion at London City Airport and Gatwick Airport. He was a vocal supporter of the unsuccessful Britain Stronger in Europe and People's Vote campaigns for the UK to remain in the European Union and a second referendum on Brexit, respectively. As well as having a strained relationship with former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, whose socialist platform Khan thought unelectable, he attracted international attention for his Twitter arguments with United States President Donald Trump. He has been included in the Time 100 list of most influential people in the world.

MERCFA discourages the use of charcoal, which is more polluting. from Reuters
A new breed of supersonic executive jets will be even more polluting. from Economist
Many of those plants are meant to replace older, more polluting ones. from The New York Times
At the same time, they are pouring resources into far more polluting S.U.V.s. from The New York Times
Proponents have argued that rail or truck transport is more polluting and dangerous than pipelines. from The New York Times
It is more polluting, even, than coal, generating less energy when burned while producing more emissions. from Vice
But environmentalists are worried that these faster planes will spew more polluting carbon into the environment. from The Verge
Perversely, it is also becoming more polluting, producing ever more emissions of greenhouse gases to survive. from Economist
That would then raise the price of more polluting sources and make cleaner alternatives more viable. from Vox
Then there's this: Ride-hailing trips are 69 percent more polluting as the trips they displace. from Mashable
With more low-emission cars in western Europe, older, more polluting models end up in eastern European markets. from Economist
So demand for air-conditioning is pushing countries to build not just more power plants, but more polluting ones. from Economist
The city regularly tries to ban older, more polluting vehicles from roads on days when pollution reaches critical levels. from Reuters
By increasing taxes on more polluting energy products, it could more effectively contribute to the fight against climate change. from Reuters
Power plants are responsible for just 16 percent of the state's greenhouse gases but are more polluting in other places. from Wired
In some regions, wind and solar are now cheaper than power produced by coal or natural gas, which are more polluting. from The New York Times
October 23 will see a new 'T-Charge' introduced to remove older, more polluting vehicles from the streets of central London. from CNBC
Until we develop more capacity, the parts come largely from China, in which manufacturing is substantially more polluting than U.S. production. from The Hill
One question that worries experts: Will the world embrace the S.U.V.'s even-more-polluting cousin, the all-American pickup truck? from The New York Times
The head of state-run Saudi oil giant Aramco, Amin Nasser, said investors would ultimately differentiate between cleaner and more polluting companies. from Reuters
It may become the case where companies such as BHP will choose to preference energy efficient customers over those with more polluting operations. from CNBC
Cost-based competition encouraged deployment of efficient, combined-cycle generation to displace older, more polluting generators, improving reliability while providing economic and environmental benefits. from The Hill
Coal, diesel and fuel-oil, which are far more polluting than natural gas, are kept in reserve for emergencies to generate electricity in Israel. from Reuters
"The use of cheaper but more polluting induction furnaces, while not being subjected to stringent carbon pricing mechanisms, also provides cost advantage," he added. from Reuters
It had advantages over off-the-shelf alternatives but cost nearly twice as much, was cramped and hot, and was more polluting than promised. from New Yorker
Known as "deadheading," this tendency, also seen with taxis, makes a nonpooled ride-hailing trip 47 percent more polluting than a private car ride. from Wired
Some of the more-polluting businesses in and around the capital were told to shut down for a period before and during the gathering. from Reuters
Wet coking uses water for cooling and is considered more polluting, as it generates more emissions and waste water that contains compounds that include cyanide. from Reuters
"An airliner is over ten times as polluting as a modern train, and private jets are ten times more polluting still," Greenpeace UK's Paul Morozzo said. from Reuters
The Stavanger-based company and its peers including Shell, BP and Exxon are also betting on natural gas to displace more polluting coal to produce electricity. from Reuters
In both steel and coal, it has focused on shutting outdated, more polluting plants, while bringing on more efficient operations with lower emissions to ensure supply. from Reuters
Some politicians and car executives have suggested that drivers of older, more polluting diesel cars could be encouraged to buy newer, cleaner models by offering state subsidies. from Reuters
The reduction in U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in recent years has been a result of cheaper natural gas pushing out more polluting coal rather than regulations, he said. from Reuters
Formosa was using 'wet' coking - a system which uses water for cooling and is considered more polluting, as it generates more emissions and wastewater containing compounds including cyanide. from Reuters
Next week, for example, will see a new £10 'T-Charge' introduced to help discourage the use of older, more polluting vehicles on the streets of central London. from CNBC
One possibility is that two very different auto markets emerge, one with cleaner cars generally along the coasts, and another with more polluting cars concentrated in Middle America. from The New York Times
In recent weeks there have been several indicators that China is planning on increasing the use of natural gas in winter heating, replacing boilers that use more polluting coal. from Reuters
Others include overhauling car taxation to encourage the use of emissions-free vehicles such as electric cars, and reforming a truck toll to make more polluting vehicles pay more. from Reuters
The closure of cheaper but more polluting induction furnaces in June had pushed many Chinese to move toward EAFs, but the limited supply of graphite electrode has stalled those plans. from Reuters
China is developing its own carbon markets to curb emissions, which environmental campaigners say undermines the European steel industry's argument that it helps to protect against more polluting production elsewhere. from Reuters
So they will shut down the smaller, less-efficient, more-polluting blast furnaces, but at the same time they will refocus all their production on the newest, largest blast furnaces. from CNBC
But in the climate rule, the system for emissions cuts applies to the entire grid, allowing electric generation to shift from more polluting sources to less polluting ones, like wind power. from The Hill
The combination of currently low carbon emission prices and coal prices in Europe is making coal-fired plants twice as profitable as gas-fired plants even though they are more polluting. from Reuters
"Shorter flights and stopovers are more polluting per passenger-mile than longer flights as take off and landings generate a significant part of the total emissions per flight," Mr. Francis said. from The New York Times
"Confusing policy messages and changes to incentives continue to affect consumer and business confidence, causing drivers to keep hold of their older, more polluting vehicles for longer," said SMMT Chief Executive Mike Hawes. from Reuters
As of Monday morning, drivers of "older, more polluting petrol and the dirtiest diesel vehicles" will have to pay a £10 ($7.93) "T-Charge" on top of the long-standing £11.50 Congestion Charge. from CNBC
Related: The president of France says if Brexit won, so can Donald Trump Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has said she intends to "eradicate" diesel vehicles and the more polluting of vehicles by 2020. from Vice News
While coal is more polluting than natural gas, nuclear plants do not produce any emissions, and some states like New York have moved to rescue their ailing reactors to help combat climate change. from The New York Times
The French energy group is looking to broaden its revenue streams with expansion in a retail power and gas market in which demand is shifting to low-carbon energy from more polluting fossil fuels. from CNBC
But a car industry body said it would take time to bring forward the latest technology and the measure would do nothing to decrease the number of older, more polluting vehicles on Britain's roads. from Reuters
Fortum is mainly interested in Uniper's assets in Sweden and Russia and less in its more polluting gas and coal fired power plants, which would be a better fit for RWE, the sources said. from Reuters
There are 503 Chinese companies actively manufacturing and selling electric cars in China right now — and they can't wait to ship them here once Trump forces our manufacturers to make more polluting gas guzzlers. from The New York Times
Madrid's plan has been criticized by political opponents and industry representatives who argue that people drive older, more polluting vehicles because they can't afford to upgrade, and the new rules unfairly penalize lower-income drivers. from The Verge
With projections for Arctic ice cover showing a nearly ice-free Arctic Ocean within the next few decades, it's likely that the Northabout will be joined in its route by many larger, more polluting, vessels. from Mashable
TOKYO (Reuters) - Japanese utilities will rely on the return of coal-fired power plants from maintenance to meet peak electricity demand this summer, highlighting the country's dependence on the more polluting fuel instead of natural gas. from Reuters
Bulgaria, the poorest member state in the European Union, faces more protests this weekend over higher fuel prices and tax increases for older, more polluting cars, though political analysts say they are unlikely to unseat Borissov's government. from Reuters
The rollback wouldn't just be bad economically; it would be a nightmare for our climate – requiring more polluting fossil fuel power plants to work to provide the extra electricity just to waste it on old-fashioned bulbs. from The Hill
This thesis may explain the strange spectacle from July 2014, in which the Environmental Protection Agency felt compelled to comment on an online video craze featuring drivers who'd modified their vehicles to make them visibly more polluting. from New Republic
LONDON (Reuters) - Drivers of older and more polluting cars, vans and motorbikes will have to pay 12.50 pounds ($16) to enter the center of London from Monday in a bid by the city's mayor to improve air quality. from Reuters
Germany is also set to fall far short of its goal to put 2968 million electric cars on the roads by 1115, as drivers are reluctant to switch from more-polluting, but also generally cheaper, diesel and petrol vehicles. from Reuters
Rummelhoff also saw more room for the use of gas in home heating, where it currently accounts for around 50 percent of all units but is due to take market share from more polluting heating oil, and in transport. from Reuters
LONDON, March 11 (Reuters) - Energy group BP is set to sell a new very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO) ahead of a ban on more polluting fuels for the shipping industry coming into force next year, it said on Monday. from Reuters
Germany has set itself a goal of bringing 1 million electric cars onto its roads by 123, but has so far made little progress in encouraging drivers to switch from more-polluting - but also generally cheaper - diesel and petrol vehicles. from Reuters
The majority of analysts had expected China — the world's biggest coal producer, consumer and importer — to import less of the fuel in 2016 because of a slowing domestic economy and an official push to limit use of more polluting energy sources. from Reuters
While London's mayor, Sadiq Khan, has made tackling London's awful air quality, a policy priority — launching an 'ultra-low emission zone' in central London earlier this month which levies extra charges on motorists with more polluting vehicles if they drive into the zone. from TechCrunch
"All technologies, regardless of fuel type, have a role to play in helping improve air quality whilst meeting our climate change targets, so government must do more to encourage consumers to buy new vehicles rather than hang onto their older, more polluting vehicles," he said. from Reuters
While Fortum has said it has no plans for a restructuring, it is seen being mainly interested in Uniper's assets in Sweden and Russia and less in its more polluting gas and coal fired power plants, which would be a better fit for RWE. from Reuters
Woodside Energy Chief Executive Peter Coleman said it was time to acknowledge that the industry creates emissions in Australia, but the overall impact of its LNG on global emissions is positive, assuming the fuel is used to replace more polluting coal, as is currently the case in China. from CNBC
"I'm absolutely against any new tax on cars, which are already among the most taxed in the whole of Europe," League party leader Matteo Salvini said in an interview with Radio Rai1, adding that people who turned to more polluting models did so out of necessity, not choice. from Reuters
However, a concerted effort by the authorities in Beijing to switch from more-polluting coal to natural gas has seen a surge in LNG imports, one that is likely to continue as cleaning up air pollution remains a priority, making 60 million tonnes per annum a realistic target. from Reuters
Britain already has a domestic carbon floor price of about 25 euros per tonne, but a higher Europe-wide price could benefit companies such as French state-controlled utility EDF, which produces most of its electricity from nuclear sources but pays the same carbon levies as more polluting coal-fired power producers. from Reuters
Daimler put its emissions numbers down to customers increasing preference for sports utility vehicles (SUVs), which tend to be more polluting than sedans, making it more difficult for carmakers to hit a European target for each new car to produce no more than 95 grams of carbon dioxide per kilometer by 2020. from Reuters
"They will shut down the smaller, less-efficient, more-polluting blast furnaces, but at the same time they will refocus all their production on the newest, largest blast furnaces," he said, reflecting that it could be "a great piece of news" for Rio Tinto as such a shift will require higher quality raw material. from CNBC
Wastewater from slaughtering activities is similar to milking parlour waste (see above) although considerably stronger in its organic composition and therefore potentially much more polluting. ;Treatment As for milking parlour waste (see above).
Haryana has 7.5 million old vehicles, of which 40% are old more polluting vehicles, besides 500,000 new vehicles are added every year. Other majorly polluted cities are Bhiwani, Bahadurgarh, Dharuhera, Hisar and Yamunanagar."From Punjab to Patna pollution spreads.", Dainik Jagran, 12 November 2017.
These restrictions placed higher limits on old, more polluting cars and lower limits on new, less polluting cars. The 1992 reform led to a significant impact on the emissions created by local pollutants in Santiago. A price effect that favored less polluting car models was also seen. Households in localities facing restrictions owned more 1992 or older built vehicles without catalytic converter than households in localities that did not face restrictions.
A prolonged soak has been shown to produce a post-soak liquid 9 times more polluting than raw sewage and should not be put down storm drains. In the UK DEFRA advises that the run-off from hay soaking should be directed to an impermeable lagoon or a sealed effluent tank. The liquid can then be removed by a licensed contractor for off-site disposal. Blundell et al.
When burned, it gave off a terrible smell because of high amounts of sulfur in its composition. When burned the sea coal released sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, soot, and particulates of organic matter into the atmosphere. The pamphlet suggests that burning wood, particularly aromatic woods, will be less harmful to the lungs and recommends relocating some of London's more polluting industries outside the capital, in particular lime-burning and brewing.
In 2009, in several spot cargo deals especially in East Asia, oil parity approached the full oil parity or even exceeds oil parity. In January 2016, the spot LNG price of has broken oil parity when the Brent crude price (≤32 US$/bbl) has fallen steeply. By the end of June 2016, LNG price has fallen by nearly 50% below its oil parity price making it more economical than more polluting diesel/gas oil in transport sector.
Government-owned Turkish Coal Operations Authority mine in Yeniköy, Milas Coal supplies over a quarter of Turkey's primary energy. The heavily subsidised coal industry generates over a third of the country's electricity and emits a third of Turkey's greenhouse gases. Every year, thousands of people die prematurely from coal-related causes, the most common of which is local air pollution. Most coal mined in Turkey is lignite (brown coal), which is more polluting than other types of coal.
A scrappage program is a government budget programme to promote the replacement of old vehicles with modern vehicles. Scrappage programmes generally have the dual aim of stimulating the automobile industry and removing inefficient, more polluting vehicles from the road. Many European countries have introduced large-scale scrappage programmes as an economic stimulus to increase market demand in the industrial sector during the global recession that began in 2008. Scrappage programmes were touted with different names, mostly referring to an environmental benefit.
Starting in the 19th century, stoves took the place of wood burning ovens in traditional Anatolian houses. For heating, every room had a stove with a stovepipe or chimney. After the late 1970s, coke was reserved for use in institutions such as schools, and the more polluting but cheaper coal was supplied to households. Imports of natural gas started in the late 1980s and by the end of the 2010s the pipeline distribution network had been extended to over 80% of the population.
In 2007, Duke Energy began to pursue permission to add two new combined cycle, natural gas-fired, 620 MW generating units to its fleet: one at the Dan River Steam Station, the other at the Buck Steam Station in Rowan County. This was done in order to diversify the company's fuel sources, expand its generating capacity, and to modernize its energy generation by moving away from less efficient, more polluting coal. After the two turbines were added, the three older coal units went offline in 2012.
In 2007, Duke Energy began to pursue permission to add two new combined cycle, natural gas-fired, 620 MW generating units to its fleet: one at the Dan River Steam Station in Rockingham County, the other at the Buck Steam Station. This was done in order to diversify the company's fuel sources, expand its generating capacity, and to modernize its energy generation by moving away from less efficient, more polluting coal. When the two turbines were added, two of the four older coal units were to go offline.
To reduce the environmental impact, the layout avoids the natural areas of Aizkorri, Urkiola and Aralar. The increase on the usage of railway, will reduce the usage of planes, more polluting than trains. In addition it will be more affordable than traveling by plane (very unusual for Spain, where general tariffs for the AVE service from Barcelona to Málaga cost €138.00 in "Turista" and €250.00 in "Club" class one way), and taking passengers to the very centre of cities, instead of the outskirts, where airports are usually located.
Among the downsides to rapid industrialization was pollution, of which St. Louis generated a great deal. Brick firing produced particulate air pollution and paint making created lead dust, while beer and liquor brewing produced grain swill. However, the worst pollution was coal dust and smoke, for which St. Louis was infamous by the 1890s. Nearly every factory relied on coal to fire steam boilers, the region's homes used a relatively more polluting form of bituminous coal, and railroad traffic created large, dense clouds of coal smoke around depots and railyards.
Crit'air vignettes The French Crit'air air quality certificate () is a vignette (a secure sticker) issued to show a vehicle's compliance with European emission standards. Crit'air covers all road vehicles, including motorcycles, quad bikes, private cars, vans, trucks, coaches and buses. Under the Law on Energy Transition for Green Growth, local councils are allowed to provide benefits only to less polluting vehicles, and vignettes enable them to be identified. The system also allows urban areas to restrict the use of the more polluting vehicles, either at all times, or when pollution levels are high.
More expensive to run and more polluting than hydroelectric power plants, thermal plants are used to generate power during peak conditions, but most of the company's thermal plants serve remote communities not connected to the main power grid in Nunavik, on the Lower North Shore, in Haute-Mauricie and in the Magdalen Islands. A thermal power station such as Tracy converts the energy contained in heavy fuel oil into heat, motion, and then into electrical energy. Burning fuel vaporize water and the steam expands to drive a turbine that spins the rotor of an alternator to generate electricity.
U-Tokio was destroyed when a failed military operation to retake sectors of the surface allowed for the SoNs to access the tunnels, and now only exists as ruins. SoNs: An abbreviation of "Spawn of NOA," SoNs are robots designed and built by the supercomputer NOA for the express purpose of destroying human civilization. They were not originally meant to completely eradicate humanity, only to destroy their society and prevent it from rebuilding and once more polluting the planet. When NOA was defeated, it sent a final message to all SoNs to drive humanity to extinction as revenge.
The UK vehicle scrappage scheme (also vehicle discount scheme and car scrappage scheme) is a scrappage scheme that was introduced in the 2009 United Kingdom Budget to encourage British motorists to purchase a new, more environmentally-friendly car or van and scrap an older, more polluting one that they have owned for more than twelve months. The scheme was extended in September 2009 and again in February 2010 and it finished at the end of March 2010. In February 2010, a separate Plug-in Car Grant to provide £5,000 towards the cost of electric vehicles was announced and it began in January 2011.
China is deploying CCT in all new plants and closing older plants that are more polluting. As part of its current 5-year plan, China is building a Wide Area Monitoring system (WAMS) and by 2012 plans to have PMU sensors at all generators of 300 megawatts and above, and all substations of 500 kilovolts and above. All generation and transmission is tightly controlled by the state, so standards and compliance processes are rapid. Requirements to use the same PMUs from the same Chinese manufacturer and stabilizers conforming to the same state specified are strictly adhered to.
A fuel station in Zigui County on the Yangtze River HAZMAT class 3 fuel oil Oil has many uses; it heats homes and businesses and fuels trucks, ships, and some cars. A small amount of electricity is produced by diesel, but it is more polluting and more expensive than natural gas. It is often used as a backup fuel for peaking power plants in case the supply of natural gas is interrupted or as the main fuel for small electrical generators. In Europe, the use of diesel is generally restricted to cars (about 40%), SUVs (about 90%), and trucks and buses (over 99%).
Tar-like consistency of heavy fuel oil Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is a category of fuel oils of a tar-like consistency identified as a "worse case substance". Also known as bunker fuel, or residual fuel oil, HFO is the result or remnant from the distillation and cracking process of petroleum. For this reason, HFO is contaminated with several different compounds including aromatics, sulfur and nitrogen, making emission upon combustion more polluting compared to other fuel oils. HFO is predominantly used as a fuel source for marine vessel propulsion due to its relatively low cost compared to cleaner fuel sources such as distillates.
The projects were eventually abandoned, replaced with coal-fired powerplants that Udall thought more polluting than the dams would have been. However, in the opposite extreme, Udall's "proudest achievement" was passage of an Alaska lands bill, permanently preserving 104.3 million acres of extraordinary scenic wilderness, over the furious opposition of many in Alaska and in the natural resource industries. In 1973, Udall was named "Legislator of the Year" by the National Wildlife Federation. However, in 1974, his Land Use Bill was defeated—some environmentalists blaming Udall's inability to work the bill effectively on the floor of the House.
Schemes rationing access based on number plate have mixed results. If used infrequently or temporarily the alternate-day travel policy can have some impact. However, if used as a long term measure, inequality issues might arise, as wealthier people can afford to own two cars with opposite-parity number plates, to circumvent any restrictions, with the second vehicle being often older and therefore more polluting. Cities such as Tehran which have used such schemes are now looking to more sustainable methods of traffic and emissions control, such as low emission zone or traffic limited zones as used in Europe.
In June 2009, a nationwide scrappage programme was implemented, which offered rebates of $450-$900 for trading in older, heavy polluting cars and trucks for new ones until 31 May 2010. The program was expected to substitute 2,700,000 more polluting vehicles from the roads. Eligible vehicles included: used minivans, small and mid-size trucks and other mid-size passenger cars that no longer meet the emissions standards set by the Chinese Government. In addition, the Shanghai local government offered similar incentives of $450 to $1,100 per vehicle to its residents who traded in older vehicles; allowing the total subsidy to be as much as $2,000.
The program groups vehicles by their ending license plate digits, and every weekday vehicles having any of the day's two "hoy no circula" digits are banned from circulating. For instance, on Fridays, vehicles with plates ending in 9 or 0 may not drive. This program is controversial since it has resulted in households buying additional vehicles, either new cars for better-off houses, or very old cheap—and thus more polluting—vehicles. Moreover, newer vehicles are exempt from complying with the program—in that they are manufactured with stricter pollution-reduction equipment—a move said to have been pushed by auto makers to boost sales of new vehicles.
However, mining licence information that is held by the government in the "e-maden" database is not released to the public. In the late 2010s, the government attempted to auction mine licenses to private companies provided that they would build nearby power plants, but the auctions attracted little interest as the currency weakened. Also at that time the government tried to re-privatize the 290-MW Yunus Emre power station, but it remains publicly owned. And although lignite is more polluting than most other types of coal, the government tried to persuade other coal-fired power stations to convert to lignite to reduce import costs.
In the reshuffle after the sudden resignation of the Secretary of State for Transport, Ruth Kelly, during the 2008 Labour Party Conference, Hoon became the Secretary of State for Transport on 3 October 2008. His former role as Labour Chief Whip was given to Nick Brown. In January 2009, Hoon gave the official go-ahead for the controversial expansion of Heathrow Airport. Later that same year, Transport Secretary Hoon oversaw the launch of the vehicle scrappage scheme; which was intended to encourage motorists to scrap their older, more polluting vehicles for a discount off a more modern, more environmentally friendly newer car from participating companies.
Since writing this, George Monbiot is no longer opposed to nuclear power as an alternative to more polluting sources such as coal. In July 2011, Lynas published in the U.K. the book entitled The God Species: How the Planet Can Survive the Age of Humans. It was also published in the U.S. by National Geographic in October 2011 as The God Species: Saving the Planet in the Age of Humans (). Lynas argues that as Earth has entered the Anthropocene, and as such humanity is changing the planet's climate, its bio- geochemical cycles, the chemistry of the oceans and the colour of the sky, as well as reducing the number of species.
Ecopass traffic restricted zone (ZTL) The amount of the charge depended on the vehicle's engine emissions standard and fees vary from €2–10 on weekdays from 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Free access to the ZTL was granted to several types of alternative fuel vehicles and for conventional fuel vehicles compliant with the Euro3 and Euro4 or better. Residents within the restricted zone were exempted only if driving higher emission standard vehicles while owners of vehicles with older more polluting engines a discount only if they buy an annual pass that can go up to €250 depending on the vehicle's engine emission standards.
There were also restrictions on entering the ZTL between 7:30 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. for trucks with a length greater than 7 m; commercial loading and unloading operations are restricted to pre-established schedules; and the vehicles with older more polluting engines were forbidden to enter the ZTL during six months a year. Milanese authorities decided to temporarily suspend charging the Ecopass fees during a three-week period in August 2008 in order to facilitate tourism inside the restricted area (ZTL), considering that during this time of the summer local traffic drops by around 30% and pollution levels are usually at a minimum level.
However, the bonus for the purchase of a pure electric car was slated to drop to from in 2016, but to compensate, the additional scrappage bonus was to be increased to from in 2016. Also, the government plans to introduce a purchase price cap to the vehicles eligible for the bonus, and to introduce a new bonus for two-wheeled motor vehicles. For the more polluting vehicles, the government intends to increase the maximum malus fee to from in 2016 for vehicles emitting more than 191 g/km, lowering the limit from 200 g/km in 2016. The government intended to maintain the purchase bonus for plug-in hybrids with a emission level between 21 and 60 g/km.
While there are different ways to power cars most rely on gasoline or diesel, and they consume almost a quarter of world oil production . In 2018 passenger road vehicles emitted 3.6 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide. , due to greenhouse gases emitted during battery production, electric cars must be driven tens of thousands of kilometers before their lifecycle carbon emissions are less than fossil fuel cars: but this is expected to improve in future due to longer lasting batteries being produced in larger factories, and lower carbon electricity. Many governments are using fiscal policies, such as road tax, to discourage the purchase and use of more polluting cars; and many cities are doing the same with low-emission zones.
Simple two-stroke engines are lubricated on a "total loss" method, mixing lubricating oil with their fuel; they are estimated to create exhaust in excess of 25% of their fuel and oil unburned in addition to the products of incomplete and complete combustion. The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act allowed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to begin regulating all recreational marine engines including PWC, as well as other off-road internal combustion engines. The agency began a dialogue with manufacturers in 1991, resulting in regulations that were enacted in 1996. These regulations, set to phase in between 1998 and 2006, are considered averaging standards, because they allow manufacturers to offset more-polluting engines in their product range by offering other engines that exceed the standard.
Many people criticize these new materials, referred to as white cork, since the black smoke they give off during the burning of the monument means the combustion can't be seen clearly. The pollution that these new materials cause has also been criticised in comparison with the supposedly lighter pollution from traditional materials. The Polytechnic University of Valencia carried out a study which seems to prove that, on the contrary, white cork is less polluting than the traditional materials. The student of Fallas Manuel Sanchis Ambrós carried out a study in which he assured that even though the combustion of cork gave off more heat, the combustion of wood and liquid materials used in making a wood structure is clearly more polluting.
A protest to modernization that would allow for refining of more polluting high sulphur crude Following the end of World War II, the refinery began a long-range modernization and expansion of its facilities to accommodate the new post-war consumer demands for petroleum products. The refinery constructed units that increased production of highly refined products for the postwar generation of higher-compression engines. In 1951, a residuum stripper was constructed to convert heavy residual fuel oil into lighter products. In 1959, the company made a major breakthrough when it developed the Isocracking process which uses catalysts to rearrange the existing molecules of heavy fuel oils to remove sulfur and convert low-value fuel oils into higher-yield products such as gasoline.
The Toyota Corolla was the CARS program's top seller. The Car Allowance Rebate System (CARS) was a $3,000,000,000 US federal program that helps US citizens to purchase a new, more fuel efficient vehicle when trading in an older, more polluting vehicle. The program officially started on 1 July 2009 and claims began to be processed until 24 July, and ended on 24 August 2009; as the appropriated resources were exhausted. The initial $1,000,000,000 for the system was exhausted by July 30, 2009, well before the anticipated end date of November 1, 2009, due to very high demand. In response, Congress approved an additional $2 billion for the program. On August 26 the DoT reported that the program resulted in 690,114 dealer transactions submitted requesting a total of $2.877 billion in rebates.
The eco-friendly vessel usually ran on a low emission fuel "derived mainly from animal fat, soybeans or other forms of bio- diesel" but was forced by operational reasons to switch to a more polluting petroleum diesel. Pete Bethune, the operator, said that an agreement was reached with Sea Shepherd for the boat to adopt a support role. Watson indicated that the Ady Gil would be used to intercept and block harpoons. It was also reported that the MV Steve Irwin was equipped with a new water cannon for this operation. On January 5, 2010, Sea Shepherd announced that TV personality Bob Barker had earlier donated $5 million to Sea Shepherd to buy in secret an ex-Norwegian whaling vessel, now named Bob Barker after the donor, and that the ship located the Nisshin Maru Japanese whaling vessel.
In some areas, such as Lake Tahoe, outboard motors and PWCs are permitted if they meet the 2006 EPA or California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2001 regulations. Some pre-2006 model year PWCs meet this EPA standard, including all four-stroke makes and models and all two-stroke cycle direct- injection (non-carbureted) models. Lake Tahoe Watercraft Environmental groups such as the Surfrider Foundation and the Bluewater Network claim that more rapid progress could be made, and that the diminishing numbers of pre-1998 watercraft in use continue to emit substantial pollution. Against this, industry groups such as the Personal Watercraft Industry Association point out that environmental groups continue to cite pollution levels of pre-regulation watercraft and ignore the improvements made to newer models; and furthermore, that personal watercraft are unfairly singled out when they are no more polluting than other powered boats.
Khan on a visit to Amritsar, India in 2018 Khan has called air pollution “the biggest public health emergency of a generation.” In October 2017, he introduced the Toxicity Charge (T-charge); operating within the same hours and zone as the London congestion charge, the T-Charge levied a £10 fine on top of that for older and more polluting vehicles (typically diesel and petrol ones registered before 2006) that do not meet Euro 4 standards. In that same year, he announced plans to establish a replacement: an "Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ)" across London that would charge owners of the most polluting cars a fine of £12.50 per day on top of the congestion charge. The all day, every day (except on Christmas Day) zone was introduced in 2019 in Central London, applying to diesel cars and vans whose engines aren't at the latest Euro 6 standard as well as most petrol cars over 14 years old; in addition, non- compliant buses, coaches and lorries will have to pay £100.
As the London Labour candidate, Khan was elected Mayor of London at the 2016 mayoral election, defeating London Conservatives rival Zac Goldsmith and then resigning as an MP. In office, he froze all Transport for London fares until he offered HM Government a 1% above-inflation fare rise in return for a £1.6bn bailout for TfL amid the COVID-19 pandemic, introduced the Hopper fare for unlimited bus and tram journeys for an hour, the Toxicity Charge (T-Charge) on older and more polluting vehicles, and the 24/7 Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) fee on all but the cleanest vehicles in Central London, and backed expansion at London City Airport and Gatwick Airport. He was a vocal supporter of the unsuccessful Britain Stronger in Europe and People's Vote campaigns for the UK to remain in the European Union and a second referendum on Brexit, respectively. As well as having a strained relationship with former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, whose socialist platform Khan thought unelectable, he attracted international attention for his Twitter arguments with United States President Donald Trump. He has been included in the Time 100 list of most influential people in the world.