As residents began reporting more polluted beaches, environmentalists combed through the collected material.
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"The world is becoming more and more polluted," said one of Snowflake's residents.
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A study found that the air underground is more polluted than on the streets.
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For the first time, India's air was also found to be more polluted than China's.
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He's not going to be able to con the broad public into supporting more polluted waterways.
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The key to cleaning up more polluted sites is to become less reliant on fickle federal funding.
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"Many people do not know that the air inside is often more polluted than outside air," said Frerot.
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Last year, the country's air was also found to be more polluted than China's for the first time.
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The more polluted a water source is, the more processing required to make the water safe to drink.
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But your indoor air could be up to five times more polluted, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.
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It's a plan that makes America more polluted, worse off, and less prepared for the difficult century ahead.
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Senators who oppose the move said that tap water was sometimes more polluted and harmful than plastic bottles.
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India is probably not too far behind, given that its capital New Delhi is now more polluted than Beijing.
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Evidence has suggested that most indoor air is actually more polluted than outdoor air, according to The Environmental Protection Agency.
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Next year, he won't be so lucky—by which time our union will be in an even more polluted state.
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The decision is another small victory for young environmental activists who are fearful of inheriting a warmer, more polluted world.
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The air was more polluted in the days before the Clean Air Act of 1970, and the terraces got sooty.
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From cooking residue to paints, varnishes and fungal spores, the air we breathe indoors is often more polluted than that outside.
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In 2018, a study found the city was becoming more polluted between 2014 and 2016, after several years of decreasing pollution.
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He also said that she should shift her attention away from the United States to focus on other more polluted countries.
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He said the color would be familiar to those who used to travel to Los Angeles when the city was more polluted.
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This is part of a broader migration of aluminium smelting from northern higher-cost, more polluted provinces to the south of China.
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Slaking China's thirst on a national scale brings problems, though, for a country where water is becoming ever scarcer, and more polluted.
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The proliferation of SUVs has made our streets more congested, our roads more dangerous, and our environment more polluted for no good reason.
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The activists in St. James Parish oppose the project because they don't want their community to become more polluted than it already is.
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Windsurfers will compete in a more polluted area, but the government says it's fine since they won't be exposed to the water as much.
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The result is a political environment even more polluted by trolling, fake accounts, impostor news brands, and information operations, according to a new study.
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The majority of Americans told the EPA not to roll back regulations that, if cut, could return the country to a more polluted era.
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It will result in more polluted water and set us even further back from our goal of swimmable, fishable, drinkable water throughout the country.
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The city's roads are generally more polluted during the morning rush hour than during the evening rush hour, when winds tend to be greater.
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Santiago is more expensive, more chaotic and more polluted than the rest of the country, but … successful companies that start in the region end up migrating there.
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"There were noticeably more polluted air days each year in the president's first two years in office than any of the four years before," the AP said.
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In November of last year, the NAACP released a report indicating that black people breathe air that's nearly 40 percent more polluted than does the general U.S. population.
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This — coupled with endless wars in the Middle East — has made the American nation weaker, while totalitarians have become stronger and the rest of the world more polluted.
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No one wants a hotter, more polluted and less biodiverse planet, though most people want the modern lifestyles made possible by cheap energy, abundant food and industrial productivity.
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The fish is believed to be of high quality since it comes from relatively pure waters compared with the more polluted seas around industrialized Japan and South Korea.
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Some studies suggest indoor air is 7 times more polluted than the stuff we breathe outside — you know, the air laden with all those car and smokestack emissions.
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Five-hundred thousand people in Des Moines get their drinking water from a river, and like Flint, it is more polluted than federal standards allow, but for different reasons.
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During congressional testimony earlier this year, Pruitt said that Trump's EPA in 2017 had removed more polluted sites across the country than the previous administration had the previous year.
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It poses a host of risks to maternal and fetal health, but pregnant women can't be expected to move because they live in an area with more polluted air, DeNicola says.
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A not so fun fact: according to the Environmental Protection Agency, the air you spend most of your day breathing indoors can be up to five times more polluted than outside. Yeah.
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However, the new WHO data show that US cities on the more polluted side of the list include Los Angeles, Bakersfield and Fresno, California; Indianapolis; and the Elkhart-Goshen area of Indiana.
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Thus, the world became more polluted and less free not because America gave up caring, but instead because of the partner and strategy we enlisted to make the world safe for democracy.
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Lower-income communities — especially black, Hispanic and Native American ones — tend to be more polluted and bear more of the burden of climate change than higher-income and white communities, experts say.
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If we continue on this path, "cities will become warmer, more polluted and generally more unhealthy for inhabitants," said David Nowak, a senior US Forest Service scientist and co-author of the study.
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Briefly, the Kuznets Curve shows that countries tend to get dirtier and more polluted in their early development, but hit an inflection point at a certain level of wealth and start getting cleaner.
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Without increased action, communities across the United States face a hotter and more polluted future—and higher rates of respiratory illnesses such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, along with increased emergency room visits.
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Long after the public has forgotten about Pruitt's scandals, the American people will be living in an environment shaped in part by his policy decisions, an environment that will be more polluted and less safe.
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On Olympics RIO DE JANEIRO — The brothers Dan and Anthony Rigney of Australia attended the Olympic weight lifting competition on Sunday and were not exactly mortified that the sport is more polluted than Guanabara Bay.
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Local paper Il Mattino says that the area is more polluted than Beijing, which has notoriously horrible smog, recently so bad that the city has had to issue alerts warning those with respiratory problems to stay indoors.
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Santiago is more expensive, more chaotic and more polluted than the rest of the country, but, almost invariably, successful companies that start in the region end up migrating there, if not for market access then for exposure to capital.
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"African-Americans are exposed to 38 percent more polluted air than Caucasian Americans, and they are 75 percent more likely to live in fence-line communities than the average American," the report said, referring to neighborhoods adjacent to industrial facilities.
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But while water quality in most of China's major waterways including the Yellow, Huai, Yangtze and Pearl rivers improved in 2018, those in northeastern China such as the Liao and Songhua were found to be even more polluted than in 2017.
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Stabilizing the climate would also provide significant economic benefit—billions of dollars saved from lessening the severity of extreme weather and sea level rise, as well as billions more from the avoided health impacts of a warmer, more polluted atmosphere.
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But it's consistent with a growing literature on the cognitive impact of air pollution, which finds that everyone from chess players to baseball umpires to workers in a pear-packing factory suffer deteriorations in performance when the air is more polluted.
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Scientists still aren't sure exactly what this solar system looked like before its star died, so by finding and studying more polluted white dwarfs, they might one day be able to figure out the exact makeup of these kinds of planetary systems.
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While trashing California with his gutter mouth, the president has used his office to physically trash the home to nearly one in eight Americans — seeking to make its air more polluted, its water less clean, its forests more vulnerable to catastrophic fires.
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SHANGHAI (Reuters) - The Yangtze River Delta region near Shanghai saw a key smog measure rise by a fifth in January, making it more polluted than Beijing and raising fears that the pollution crackdown in the north has forced heavy industries to head south.
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"A bunch of these districts are suburban districts, higher college education -- and a bunch of these suburban women do not want to wake up and find out their water and their air is potentially more polluted," said Pete Maysmith, the group's top political operative at the PAC.
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Meanwhile, there's no help coming from on high: we're breathing wave after wave of smoke-filled air just as at a moment when the Trump administration ignores dire climate reports arriving on his desk -- promising us only air that is more polluted, more full of carbon.
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You can see that PM2.5 levels have spiked near the major fires: During the most intense fires, the thick smoke left Australians in cities like Canberra with the worst air quality in the world, reaching conditions that were 20 times more polluted than the limit for hazardous pollution levels.
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"Voters in this election did not vote for deregulation of Wall Street, more polluted air and water, inaction on climate change, unsafe workplaces, fewer protections against discrimination and unequal pay, more food safety scandals, the gutting of consumer protections, and more," said the letter led by the Coalition for Sensible Safeguards.
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That reflects a growing desire to consider the effects of climate change on the disadvantaged, such as low-income people who might not be able to rebuild after an extreme weather event like a hurricane or the higher concentration of people of color living in in hotter or more polluted neighborhoods. Sen.
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"I usually joke with my friends, the more polluted the air is, the more prosperous I get," said Cao Xuan Trung, a Hanoi dealer in air purifiers, who expects monthly revenue to double by 2020, from 3 billion dong ($131,80) now, a value that is already 75 times higher than when he started in 2013.
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Annual exposure to an average of one more microgram of fine particle pollution per cubic meter of air (an amount well within the range of difference you could see if you moved from a clean neighborhood to a more polluted neighborhood) raised the typical US elder's risk of dementia as if they had aged 2.7 additional years.
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To see whether even a short shift from a less-polluted environment to a more-polluted one would affect so-called biomarkers that are known to be involved in heart disease, the researchers took advantage of a study-abroad summer program run by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the University of Peking in Beijing.
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As the AP detailed last week, according to numbers from Trump's own Environmental Protection Agency, US air quality has declined in each of the two full years since the record for least air-polluted days was set in 2016 — the last full year of Obama's presidency: Over the last two years the nation had more polluted air days than just a few years earlier, federal data shows.
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The reason why is because our world is changing tremendously and it is becoming more and more polluted every day … People in this generation are growing up not taking action in helping prevent a bad environment … I really believe that a large part of the reason that people are so apathetic about climate change is because it is almost never discussed in local news papers or in articles online about the environment.
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Higher numbers indicate more polluted air.The lack of an extremely polluted winter in 2017/18 is owed to policies from the central Chinese government that placed severe restrictions on heavily-polluting manufacturing plants and coal furnaces used for heating.
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In 2020 coal and wood are still burnt to heat some older buildings in cities, such as Samsun, although the yellow plaque shows that natural gas is available in the street Many cities are more polluted than typical European cities.
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He spoke about his personal experiences of growing up in Washington and going to a beach where he would collect clams for his mother to cook. As he grew older the beach became more polluted through logging and other forms of industrialization of the region.
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Typical Biesbosch creek.The area still faces many threats. One of them is the pollution of water and soil. Many streambeds contain severely polluted sediments, a remainder from the sixties and seventies, when the rivers Rhine and Meuse were much more polluted than they are today.
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The Denver Post, 22 Apr. 2016. Web. 25 Oct. 2016. In 2015, Denver was ranked the 13th most- polluted city in the United States. Experts cite coal mining, population growth, and the oil and gas industries as potential reasons for the Denver metro area becoming more polluted.
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University of Johannesburg Palala River analysis of C. Gariepinus The health of the upper reaches was such that the upper Lapala was used in subsequent studies as the healthy control group to compare to other South African rivers which were more polluted from discharge of untreated sewage and agricultural wastes within their watersheds.
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Unauthorized waste disposal also must be taken into account for the pollution. Additionally, waste dumped by industries is often more polluted than it should be. The oxygen levels in the Zadorra are below the standards required for the wildlife in the river. The river's situation is also aggravated by the presence of toxins.
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Because of the Tammerkoski rapids, the water in Pyhäjärvi is warmer and richer in ozone than that in the northern lake, Näsijärvi, which results in the life in this lake being richer, even though the water is more polluted. There are a number of other Pyhäjärvis in Finland and its former territories, as well.
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Beer brewing was a very important industry in Haarlem. Until the 16th century the water for the beer was taken from the canals in the city. These were, through the Spaarne and the IJ, connected to seawater. However, the water in the canals was getting more and more polluted, and no longer suitable for brewing beer.
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Portions near Lake Kampeska and between Willow and Stray Horse Creeks (Codington and Hamlin counties) exceeded federally allowable levels of E. coli and fecal coliform bacteria. However, the Big Sioux south of Sioux Falls is much more polluted with E. coli, fecal coliform, and suspended solids. Several portions heavily restrict fishing or human contact, and swimming is banned.
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Reliance on cars has resulted in heavy traffic and has helped make Atlanta one of the more polluted cities in the country. The Clean Air Campaign was created in 1996 to help reduce pollution in metro Atlanta. Since 2008, Metro Atlanta has ranked at or near the top of lists of longest average commute times and worst traffic in the country.
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The streets normally parallel the jubs and their lateral branches. As a result, the cities and towns are oriented consistent with the gradient of the land; this is a practical response to efficient water distribution over varying terrain. The lower reaches of the canals are less desirable for both residences and agriculture. The water grows progressively more polluted as it passes downstream.
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American Public Transportation Association, Heavy Rail Transit Ridership Report , Fourth Quarter 2007. The rail system is complemented by MARTA's bus system, the 14th-largest in the country. A 2011 Brookings Institution study placed Atlanta 91st of 100 metro areas for transit accessibility. Reliance on cars has resulted in heavy traffic and has helped make Atlanta one of the more polluted cities in the country.
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Therefore, there is a large quantity drugs of a relative high purity/quality available. This means that users will not have to rely on more polluted substances with greater health risks. Together with an approach that focuses on easily accessible health care, harm reduction and prevention, this causes the medical condition of the Dutch addicts to be less severe than that of many other countries.
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Their single "Mo fami Peser" gives us an idea of how life has evolved for the black indentured laborer post-slavery. It tells about how life as a fisherman becomes more difficult as the seas become more polluted and even though they tried to find a normal city job, they still prefer peaceful life of a fisherman. It remains one of their most successful and loved singles.
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Transmission requirements established for the Brazilian digital television standards comply with the general characteristics existing in its Japanese counterpart, while addressing the challenges of broadcasting within a more polluted and unregulated spectrum environment. The additional requirements set by the document ABNT NBR 15601:2007 - Digital terrestrial television – Transmission can be seen as evolutions suggested for better overall performance levels in the transition period between analog and digital television.
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The bonga shad (Ethmalosa fimbriata) accounts for about 75% of the catch, especially in the more polluted waters near Abidjan where it is more abundant than other species. Other fish are found away from the urban areas in unpolluted waters, with the Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus chrysurus) and the Madeiran sardinella (Sardinella maderensis) being abundant, and the Guinean striped mojarra (Gerres nigri) and Senegal jack (Caranx senegallus) also contributing to the catch.
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The optimal ventilation strategy controls the supply outlets to limit the mixing of supply air with room air to just below the breathing height of the space. Above this height, stratified and more polluted air is allowed to occur. The air that the occupant breathes will have a lower concentration of contaminants compared to conventional uniformly mixed systems. The theoretical behavior of UFAD systems is based on the plume theory for DV systems.
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Three Rivers Wet Weather. Some of the smaller tributaries are even more polluted than the large rivers. In a 2005 study, a Carnegie Mellon University project tested water quality and found that only 32 percent of Allegheny County's streams meet Pennsylvania's safety standard for fecal coliform bacteria.Up Shit Creek: A new survey of Allegheny County streams shows that wet or dry, they're worse than we care to think about, Pittsburgh City Paper, June 30, 2005.
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Within the entrainment zone, cleaner free troposphere eddies will mix with more polluted boundary layer eddies resulting in high variances at the height of the entrainment layer. The use of satellite derived boundary layer heights provides another method for verifying climate model output. Some remote sensing instruments have limitations. Since CALIOP relies on the use of backscattered light, daytime retrievals can contain high signal to noise ratios as sunlight can add background noise.
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Increasing the amount of thermal insulation is the main component of preventing energy loss. According to the EPA Office of Air and Radiation, indoor air is more polluted than outdoor air, and is in the top five human health risks. Such pollution could be caused by toxic chemicals and mold and could lead to asthma induced illnesses. Insulation in Eco-homes include draft exclusion, glazing, wall, roof insulation, and other nontoxic materials.
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In the river sediments and soils it inhabits, this worm is part of the benthos group. It has been shown that interaction between this species and another soil nematode Bursilla monhysteria in damp podzols increases both bacterial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation. It is one of the nematodes present in estuarine mud, and because of the absence of quantifiable levels of megafauna present in more polluted sediments, these nematodes can be used to assess pollution levels.
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Each evening the pool was drained and every morning the water was replenished in a process lasting several hours. This system of flushing the Spring Hill drain was employed for three-quarters of a century. Not until 1914 did the city council install a salt-water supply scheme to which the baths were linked. As the Brisbane River grew more polluted, chemicals were added to the pool water, and finally a filtration system was installed in 1961.
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In the 1920s a mythology formed around burakumin which claimed them to have become outcaste due to their work in the tanning industries. In fact, tanning was a minority profession among burakumin and, strictly speaking, ritual pollution was considered separately from the four occupations in the Tokugawa period. It was or who treated dead bodies of horses and cattle. Their status was immobile and they were thought to be more polluted, although hinin’s status was not necessarily immobile.
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At the 2009 National Railway Heritage Awards the reconstruction of the station's train shed roof gained a certificate of merit for the quality of the work carried out. In 2019, a report showed that Earl's Court was one of the most polluted stations in London. The levels of nitrogen dioxide in the station complex approached , over three times the recommended objective limit of . It was concluded that the station was more polluted than Strand in the City of Westminster.
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The river was measured for E. coli on ten separate dates from May through September 2009. Results concluded that the river is to be considered class B (on the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection rating system) from the watershed through Trumbull and to the entry of Bunnell Pond in Bridgeport. Areas further south on the river such as the Washington Street Bridge and into Bridgeport Harbor have considerably higher levels of e.coli and are correspondingly more polluted.
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Both results show that Barnes' air is the cleanest it has been since 2011, at least. Whilst Castelnau is on the kerbside, the Wetlands monitoring site recorded far lower (i.e. cleaner) results than Castelnau did in 2017, with an annual mean () concentration at 21μgm-3, and a mean reading of 15μgm-3 for PM10. A monitoring site on Barnes High Street recorded more polluted air than the other, with () levels at 43.0μgm-3 (annual mean, 2017).
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In most cases, the adults were made older, heavier, had a few lines added to the face, and less hair. On Homer, the redesign was minimal, making him a bit heavier, removing one hair and placing an extra line under the eye. Krusty's design is based on Groucho Marx. The night sky was intentionally made a more reddish color in a subtle joke about how the producers thought the world would be much more polluted in 2010.
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The report points out that the successes of the 20th century (decreases in infant mortality, increases in life expectancy, increases in literacy, and global food production) have given rise to trends that have caused environmental decay "in an ever more polluted world among ever decreasing resources." Hope, however, existed for traditional lifestyles. The report declared that tribal and indigenous peoples had lifestyles that could provide modern societies with lessons in the management of resources in complex forest, mountain, and dryland ecosystems.
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It is now considered the commonest disease of corals in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, especially in warmer or more polluted waters. The spread of the disease across an infected coral has been measured at in the Red Sea and around the Great Barrier Reef. Corals of the families Acroporidae and Pocilloporidae are the most vulnerable to infection. A study in 2008 found that the infection spread at about per day in colonies of Acropora muricata, eventually wiping out 95% of its victims.
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For example, a carbon tax would help society get off of fossil fuels and go towards renewables much faster. This is one step that many scientists and experts agree needs to happen in order to transition away from fossil fuels and delay or even prevent man-made climate change. Deregulation of governmental programs such as the EPA, and other environmental organizations may be good for business, but it doesn't serve the people who must live on a more polluted earth.
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In 2015, Denver was ranked the 13th most-polluted city in the United States. Experts cite coal mining, population growth, and the oil and gas industries as potential reasons for the Denver metro area becoming more polluted. In 2008, the EPA created “nonattainment areas” for ozone in which ozone levels shall not exceed the federal standard of 75 parts per billion averaged over the course of three years. The EPA put the revised ozone standard into effect on October 1, 2015 (Salley, 2015).
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Before CERES, the land was occupied by the Wurundjeri, whose main focus of lifestyle was the Merri Creek. Then, following the European invasion and the growth of Melbourne into a city, the site was quarried for bluestone, and then eventually turned into a landfill for household and construction items. The water became more polluted as a result of this. In 1982, some locals of the area suggested making use of the land to grow vegetables and make compost as part of a “work-for-the-dole” program.
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As the area became rapidly urbanized after the World War II, which was not followed by the adequate communal infrastructure, the Vizelj got more and more polluted. It was partially cleaned in 2009. In 2012 sisters Nikolina Moldovan and Olivera Moldovan, who practiced on the Vizelj, petitioned to the mayor Dragan Đilas to do something about the worsening conditions of the river as it is important for the national sport. City decided to financially support the cleaning, though that is not administratively under the city jurisdiction.
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Tests of water samples reveals almost zero dissolved oxygen and substantial presence of faecal coliform bacteria, besides heavy metals such as lead, zinc and cadmium. The study of the river was undertaken as part of a World Bank-funded project and shows that it is 80 percent more polluted than treated sewer. Fish were able to survive in the water for only 3 to 5 hours even after samples were diluted. There are traces of heavy metals like copper and pesticides like endosulphan and lindane in it.
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The Tegnue have been adversely affected by pollution and local human activities. The Mediterranean Sea has become more and more polluted and the problem is worse in narrow basins and coastal areas more exposed from pollution for the land brought in by the waters of rivers. This is the case of the upper Adriatic, which is narrow and close to Italy's industrial heartland and its large intensive farming areas and where there is an extensive river network. On top of this there has been an increase in water turbidity in this basin.
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As the city expanded and became more polluted in the 19th century, the Hospital governors began to consider relocation to a healthier, more rural location. With the advent of the railways, travel outside the city was much easier. In 1926, the Foundling Hospital relocated temporarily to Redhill, Surrey, while a new, purpose-built school was constructed in Berkhamsted on land obtained from the Ashlyns Estate. The new building, designed by John Mortimer Sheppard in a neo-Georgian style and modelled on the original Foundling Hospital, opened in 1935.
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It is consequently one of the more polluted bodies of water in the world (nutrient-rich, from the perspective of cyanobacteria).) Globally, the most common toxins present in cyanobacterial blooms in fresh and brackish waters are the cyclic peptide toxins of the nodularin family. Like the microcystin family (above), nodularins are potent hepatotoxins and can cause serious damage to the liver. They present health risks for wild and domestic animals as well as humans, and in many areas pose major challenges for the provision of safe drinking water.
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This suggests that when a mother fails to expel environmental toxins, this creates stress and developmental instability for the foetus, later leading to increased asymmetry in that individual. Greater exposure to pollution may also be a fundamental cause of FA. Research on skull characteristics of Baltic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) demonstrated that those born after 1960 (marking an increase in environmental pollution) had increased levels of asymmetry. Also, shrews (Crocidura russula) from more polluted areas show higher levels of asymmetry. Radioactive contamination may also increase FA levels, as mice (Apodemus flavicollis) living closer to the failed Chernobyl reactor show greater asymmetry.
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Sometimes a drywell with a series of gravel layers near the lowest spot in the rain garden will help facilitate percolation and avoid clogging at the sedimentation basin. However, a drywell placed at the lowest spot can become clogged with silt prematurely, turning the garden into an infiltration basin and defeating its purpose as a bioretention system. The more polluted the runoff water, the longer it must be retained in the soil for purification. Capacity for a longer purification period is often achieved by installing several smaller rain garden basins with soil deeper than the seasonal high water table.
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Construction of the covering and tunnels, The covering of the Senne (, ) was the covering and later diverting of the main river of Brussels, and the construction of public buildings and major boulevards in its place. Carried out between 1867 and 1871, it is one of the defining events in the history of Brussels. The Senne/Zenne (French/Dutch) was historically the main waterway of Brussels, but it became more polluted and less navigable as the city grew. By the second half of the 19th century, it had become a serious health hazard and was filled with pollution, garbage and decaying organic matter.
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Some speculated that the more polluted air was caused by the many construction sites and industrial parks in Jurong, but NEA refuted this, claiming that they did not contribute to the haze. Polyclinics in Jurong and Bukit Batok had an increase of 20 percent admission for patients with respiratory problems and asthma. Schools islandwide restricted outdoor activities and had to rethink post-examination activities and training or revert to wet-weather programmes. The Singapore Sports School's swim team had to cut back on training when the haze reached unhealthy levels even though they were in the midst of various international competitions.
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The most impaired tributaries are Dog Creek from its headwaters to the confluence with Meadow Creek, Telegraph Creek, and the unnamed creek flowing into Ontario Creek. The upper Little Blackfoot River (headwaters to Dog Creek) are only partially able to support aquatic life or a viable fishery, but otherwise may be safely used for agriculture, drinking water, industry, and recreation. The lower Little Blackfoot River (Dog Creek to mouth at the Clark Fork) are slightly more polluted. It, too, is only partially able to support aquatic life or a viable fishery, and caution should be used when utilizing the river for drinking water or recreation.
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In his book Redeeming Calcutta, while the introduction lays the pitch for an effort at redemption, the photographs often betray the plan. For all his nuanced understanding of perceived notions, Raymer devotes around nine frames to the hand-drawn rickshaws or portraits of its pullers as an emphatic continuation of a Calcutta visual cliché. Some of the captions seem stretched, erroneous and irrelevant. A photograph of an elderly lady sitting on a rickshaw is explained as the lady being vulnerable to the toxic brew of vehicle exhausts, with the additional information that Calcutta is the air pollution capital of India, even though a 2011 World Health Organization survey found Ludhiana, Kanpur, Delhi, Lucknow and Indore to be more polluted.
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Research by Environmental Protection in the Caribbean (EPIC) on lagoon and watershed water quality has shown that enterococci bacterial levels exceeded allowable levels in 96% (n=26) of samples. Land-based sites were found to be more polluted than the Lagoon, indicating that a significant portion of contamination originates from the land and not just from boats. With only two narrow channels which permit the flow of fresh water into this large body of water, certain urbanized areas of the lagoon, such as Cole Bay and Marigot, do not experience sufficient water flow to remove or dilute pollutants. High pollution areas therefore frequently exhibit murky or brown water with a foul odor and excessive algal growth and eutrophication.
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Gaia (voiced by Whoopi Goldberg in 1990–1992, Margot Kidder in 1993–1996), is the spirit of the planet who sends five magic rings – four with the power to control an element of nature and one controlling the element of Heart – to five chosen youths across the globe. She claims to have been asleep for the entire 20th Century and awakens to see a more polluted world than when she was last awake, however this is contrasted with a flashback episode to the 1920s where people get guidance from Gaia. Her appearance seems to be a mixture of attractive women of all races, and is often seen as an intangible spirit. However, in cases of serious problems, Gaia gains corporeal form, which puts her in danger of death.
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Although in Mark's youth the river was relatively clean, as the Industrial Revolution progressed it became more and more polluted, and indeed when the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, the Irwell was jokingly renamed the "Sewage Canal". However, the increasingly poisonous condition of the river did not seem to deter him from plunging in at a moment's notice: In 1872 or 1873 a drunken and mentally unstable woman threw herself in the river in an attempt at suicide. Due to her struggles to fight him off, Mark was almost drowned himself, but despite the cries of onlookers to leave her and save himself, he subdued her and brought her ashore. On another occasion Addy was roused from his sleep by a boatman who informed him that a woman was drowning in the river.
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A varied fauna and flora exists along the Yamaska, reflecting the various regions it traverses; species of birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, crustaceans, insect, fungi, lichen, algae and many more populate its waters, banks, and surrounding marshes. Pollution has greatly affected the nature that used to thrive in and around the river, reducing the number of species of fish from 70 to 33 between 1963 and 2003; to counter this the Quebec government proceeds to implement fish in the river to increase fishing as a sport. The main fish cruising its waters are white sucker (Castostomus commersonii) and Cyprinidae; more polluted areas are occupied by brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus). Species sought after for fishing include muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), Esox, black bass (Micropterus sp.), Sander, yellow perch (Perca flaescens), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and mud cat.
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One of the first tasks of the Metropolitan Board of Works was to address London's sanitation problems. Sewers were far from extensive, and the most common form of human waste disposal was cesspools, some 200,000 by mid-century, which were often open and prone to overflowing. An 1847 ordinance of the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers requiring all waste to be discharged into sewers meant that the Thames, where all the discharge went, became much more polluted. The combination of cesspools and the raw sewage pumped into the city's main source of drinking water led to repeated outbreaks of cholera in 1832, 1849, 1854, and 1866 and culminated in The Great Stink of 1858. The 1866 cholera epidemic was the fourth in the city's history, but also the last and the least deadly.William Luckin, "The final catastrophe—cholera in London, 1866." Medical history 21#1 (1977): 32-42. Further epidemics were forestalled by Bazalgette's improved sanitation system.
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Due to coming from a much more polluted Earth from six centuries in the future, the unpolluted atmosphere of 21st century Earth is too "clean" for Observers to live in for prolonged periods of time (or perhaps, simply uncomfortable): thus after conquering present-day Earth, the Observers set up terraforming factories to increase the level of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, which will cut short the life expectancy of regular humans by decades. In the episode "The Boy Must Live", September explains that the final emotionless version of the Observers were "born" out of an experiment performed by a Norwegian scientist in 2167. That scientist was the first scientist to replace space in the brain usually designated for negative human emotions, such as rage, with brain cells tuned to increase intellect. Many generations of humanity later, brain cells currently tuned for emotions (not just the bad ones but the good ones as well) were engineered to be intellectual brain cells.
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