He had an effortless masculinity and a slightly more effortful sensitivity.
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It's a narrative which with each passing day requires more effortful delusion to maintain.
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So the book, when it's done, it's much more effortful—and much less good.
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"We saw better scores and more effortful pressing after the infant cries," Dr. Young said.
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What's more, the people who exercised more effortful self-control also reported feeling more depleted.
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Although decoding is serious work for beginning readers, it's automatic by high school, and no more effortful or error prone than listening.
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Baritone Mark Stone was by turns menacing and vulnerable as the Protector, but his performance occasionally seemed a bit more effortful than those of his co-stars.
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Mr. Tao's piano-based score is more effortful in its use of electronics and its many modes — Romantic, Modernist, swinging jazz, all oddly with a harmonic and rhythmic undertow of Bossa Nova.
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But differences emerged in the slower, more effortful cogitative phase that followed, leading to divergent success rates in the end: 18 percent for the mathematics students versus 6 percent for the history students.
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Several years ago, as the mother of small children and in a different place, I tried to live without using a car, an undertaking that made every action more effortful in what was already an effortful phase of life.
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In this way, what's whole becomes fractured: a series of variants is generated, some better than you had imagined, others worse, all converging in an impulse to control what we see reflected through a more effortful arrangement of the hair, body, and face.
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Second, the decrease in length of the referring expressions and the concomitant reduction in conversation length over the trials showed that the participants were exploiting their increased common ground to decrease the amount of talk needed, and thus their collaborative effort. # Time pressures: Parties will select more effortful means of communication when mutual understanding must occur within a fixed amount of time. # Errors: Parties will select more effortful means of communication when the chance for error is high or previous low effort communications have resulted in error.
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Therefore, bilinguals may be 'less proficient' relative to monolinguals, purely because they use one sole language less frequently than monolinguals, who use the same language all the time. In addition, the need to select the appropriate language system makes ordinary linguistic processing more effortful. The simple act of retrieving a common word is more effortful for bilinguals than monolinguals due to the competition of the two languages. Other things to consider in this area of a bilingual's language were pointed out in Bialystok, Luk, Peets, and Yang's study from 2010.
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According to research conducted by Pyc and Rawson (2009) successful but effortful retrieval tasks during practice enhance memory in an account known as the retrieval effort hypothesis. Spacing out the learning and relearning of items leads to a more effortful retrieval which provides for deeper processing of the item.
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There are two prominent trade-offs between each type of study. Feedback studies involve answering questions more frequently and in situ, therefore enabling more accurate recall but more effortful recording. In contrast, elicitation studies involve quickly capturing media in situ but answering questions much later, therefore enabling less effortful recording but potentially inaccurate recall.
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The researchers combined the liking and quality measures into one composite result and found participants provided more favorable evaluations of the poem when they thought it took the poet 18 hours to compose rather than when they thought it took him 4 hours. They also judged the more effortful poem to be worth more money.
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However, half of the subjects reported that they thought that their speech was more effortful than other peoples' speech. Horton and colleagues discussed the relationship between ankyloglossia and speech. They believe that the tongue-tie contributes to difficulty in range and rate of articulation and that compensation is needed. Compensation at its worst may involve a Cupid's bow of the tongue.
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This principle stated that in the interest of economy, the mind would often process with the least amount of effort (i.e., use a heuristic), and for more detailed information processing would use more effortful processing (systematic). This was the major difference when compared with the ELM, which described the two different ways information was processed, through central and/or peripheral processing.Chaiken, S., & Trope, Y. (1999).
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Hu and her team subsequently explored the effects of winning a social competition on social neural circuits across dominance rank. They found that activating the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) induces winning in social competitions. Specifically, the medial dorsal thalamic (MDT) inputs to the dmPFC, when stimulated, led to increased dominance behavior through increased initiations of competitions and more effortful behaviors. They propose that mPFC neural computations are fundamental in guiding dominance based behaviors, such as competition.
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Those students who were going to personally be affected by this change would think more about the issue than those students who were not going to be personally affected. An additional factor that affects degree of motivation is an individual's need for cognition. Individuals who take greater pleasure in thinking than others tend to engage in more effortful thinking because of its intrinsic enjoyment for them, regardless of the importance of the issue to them or the need to be correct.
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Once the face is perceived by the VT cortex, the hippocampus is used to encode the memory in the parietal lobe. Overall, same-race faces undergo better memory encoding processes than other-race faces because they are remembered more often, however, other-race faces that are remembered undergo a more effortful memory encoding process. More brain activation is needed to effectively encode an other-race face. Memory encoding isn't the only found cause of the cross-race effect; memory retrieval is also involved.
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According to the retrieval effort hypothesis, "difficult but successful retrievals are better for memory than easier successful retrievals". For example, Pyc and Rawson showed that repeated testing is more beneficial for learning if the intervals between repeated testing are long and each test is therefore more difficult than when the intervals are short and tests are easy. This finding is related to the theory that certain conditions that make learning more effortful through so-called desirable difficulties are beneficial. Another finding showed that weaker cues for recalling information will be more beneficial to future recollection compared to that of stronger cues.
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Distractions can present themselves in the form of auditory sounds, such as other children talking in the classroom, noise from a television, cars driving by outside, etc. However, visual information can also be distracting to children, hindering them from properly focusing their attention. For instance, if a child is attempting to concentrate on a given task in a room where there are many interesting things around her, the abundance of visual information will make it harder for her to concentrate on the task at hand. The more distractions that are present in the child's environment, the more effortful it will be for the child to effectively focus her attention.
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In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of people to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and more effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. See also other chapters in the same book: "Framing and the cognitive miser" (chapter 7); "A different pitfall of the cognitive miser: thinking a lot, but losing" (chapter 9). Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain how and why people are cognitive misers.
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