But a few applications will go even further to minimize cost and increase simplicity.
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Conferees said the service will require no additional billets to minimize cost and bureaucracy.
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One in four cancer patients says they've engaged in risky behavior to try and minimize cost.
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"To expedite completion of the project and minimize cost, a design/build project delivery method is proposed," Weaver wrote.
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IKEA's product lines rarely shift, and so the company can fine-tune the production of each product to minimize cost.
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Flynn points out that frozen and canned produce can be a way to minimize cost while still maintaining nutrient content.
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The big box store is gearing up to save you money and headaches by launching a line of store-exclusive routers that minimize cost and maximize performance.
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States that requested these waivers would be required to put in place protections to minimize cost increases for those with pre-existing conditions, such as high risk pools.
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Also, states that waived the ban would have to put in place protections to minimize cost increases for those with pre-existing conditions, such as high risk pools.
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This past weekend, former Facebook executive Antonio Garcia Martinez penned an op-ed for Wired detailing how the Trump campaign designed their Facebook ads and targeting system to minimize cost and maximize reach.
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"If your point is to own bonds for defensive purposes and your aim is to hold long term and to minimize cost, then definitely passive is the way to go," Ms. Dobrescu said.
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That's why the school's approach to the market is a valuable lesson for all investors seeking to minimize cost while generating reasonable long-term returns, and without stretching limited research skills and time or taking on too much risk.
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"Lots of math, science, technology and business roles involve, say, operating a power plant to maximize energy efficiency, or running an ad campaign to minimize cost per click," explained Mark Muro, a senior fellow at Brookings and one of the study's authors.
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Material selection is a step in the process of designing any physical object. In the context of product design, the main goal of material selection is to minimize cost while meeting product performance goals.George E. Dieter (1997). "Overview of the Materials Selection Process", ASM Handbook Volume 20: Materials Selection and Design.
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Commodore had a better implementation of BASIC but chose to ship the C64 with the same BASIC 2.0 used in the VIC-20 to minimize cost. This, however, did not stop countless people making thousands of programs in the BASIC V2 language, and teaching people their first steps in computer programming.
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One result of these theories is the home-market effect, which asserts that, if an industry tends to cluster in one location because of returns to scale and if that industry faces high transportation costs, the industry will be located in the country with most of its demand, in order to minimize cost.
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For contact sensory system, only targets within reach of contact appendages are detectable. Increase in length of appendages adds physical energy costs by adding weight during locomotion and investment for growth. As a compromise, whiskers of rats cover only 35% of their body. To minimize cost, rhythmic movements are coupled with stepping mechanisms of insects.
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The selection of an appropriate site for construction is very important as to minimize cost and maximize efficacy. The site should be where maximum storage of water is possible with minimum dam length, such as a deep, narrow section of a valley with steep slopes. Anicuts require a stream gradient of more than 1:100.
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The Suzuki Choinori was a scooter built by Suzuki from 2003 to 2007. It was designed to minimize the use of materials in general and plastics and threaded fasteners in particular in order to minimize cost. The Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan named the Choinori as one of the 240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology.
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The system would be developed and built locally utilizing local engineers and resources to minimize cost. Plans for the rapid transit system were revealed as early as December 2010. The electric, driverless, fully automated guideway transit system would be grade-separated, running on rubber tires. DOST assured that it will not harm the environment and no trees will be cut in the campus.
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This process is also known as precision forging. This process was developed to minimize cost and waste associated with post forging operations. Therefore, the final product from a precision forging needs little to no final machining. Cost savings are gained from the use of less material, and thus less scrap, the overall decrease in energy used, and the reduction or elimination of machining.
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ISRO commissioned two major facilities — a Hypersonic Wind Tunnel and Shock Tunnel — at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center as part of its continuous and concerted efforts to minimize cost of access to space. ISRO Chairman A. S. Kiran Kumar said commissioning of such facilities would provide adequate data for design and development of current and future space transportation systems in India.
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Rational Unified Process white paper ; Develop iteratively:It is best to know all requirements in advance; however, often this is not the case. Several software development processes exist that deal with providing solutions to minimize cost in terms of development phases. ; Manage requirements: Always keep in mind the requirements set by users. ; Use components: Breaking down an advanced project is not only suggested but in fact unavoidable.
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Reliability improvements target all aspects of UAV systems, using resilience engineering and fault tolerance techniques. Individual reliability covers robustness of flight controllers, to ensure safety without excessive redundancy to minimize cost and weight. Besides, dynamic assessment of flight envelope allows damage-resilient UAVs, using non-linear analysis with ad hoc designed loops or neural networks. UAV software liability is bending toward the design and certifications of crewed avionics software.
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He showed that gross cost of transport is minimized at about , which corresponded to the preferred speed of his subjects. Supporting this, Wickler et al. (2000) showed that the preferred speed of horses both uphill and on the level corresponds closely to the speed that minimizes their gross cost of transport. Among other gait costs that human walkers choose to minimize, this observation has led many to suggest that people minimize cost and maximize efficiency during locomotion.
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Next, the space for the long bypass tunnel was excavated using the New Austrian tunnelling method. A bypass tunnel was used to avoid disrupting service through the main tunnel and to minimize cost and time. The bypass tunnel is in diameter, except for a reinforced section crossing the fault, where it takes on an oval cross-section wide for a length of . In the reinforced section, the concrete liner of the tunnel is thick, instead of the thickness elsewhere in the bypass tunnel.
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Globalization is sometimes perceived as a cause of a phenomenon called the "race to the bottom" that implies that to minimize cost and increase delivery speed, businesses tend to locate operations in countries with the least stringent environmental and labor regulations. Pressure to do this is increased if competitors lower costs by the same means. This both directly results poor working conditions, low wages, job insecurity, and pollution, but also encourages governments to under-regulate in order to attract jobs and economic investment.Olney, W. W. (2013).
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The ability to track and serialize unit level saleable packages (e.g. bottle of 25 pills) not just cases or pallets can create business value in knowing exactly where their products are purchased can do the following: 1) Minimize cost of chargebacks through 100% accurate adjudication. Chargebacks account for 2-15% of gross revenue for a pharmaceutical manufacturer. 2) Minimize risk by increasing accuracy in Medicare/Medicaid pricing calculations by fully knowing all fees, rebates, and chargebacks that should be applied to a specific unit sale.
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The Toyota FCV concept can accommodate up to four occupants. For the full-scale market launch in 2015, the cost of the fuel cell system is expected to be 95% lower than that of the 2008 Toyota FCHV-adv. The FCV concept also uses portions of Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive technology including the electric motor, power control unit and other parts and components from its hybrid vehicles to improve reliability and minimize cost. The hybrid technology is also used to work together with the fuel cell.
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Optimization is the mathematical practice of finding the maximum or minimum values for a specific function. It has many real-world uses, and is a common practice for people of many different professions. Economists and businessmen use this to maximize profit and minimize cost, a builder may use this to minimize the amount of materials for a given square feet of area, and a farmer may use this to maximize crop output. Common maximizations are areas, volumes, and profits, and common minimizations are distances, times, and costs.
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Optimization, by contrast, finds the best solution for a set of conditions. Optimization models have three parts: # An objective, such as "Minimize cost" # Decision variables, which correspond to the options available to management # Constraints, which describe the technical or physical requirements imposed on the options To use hydrological optimization, a simulation is run to find constraint coefficients for the optimization. An engineer or manager can then add costs or benefits associated with a set of possible decisions, and solve the optimization model to find the best solution.
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The final version of the JASC/ATA 100 code was released by the FAA in 1999. In 2000 the ATA Technical Information and Communications Committee (TICC) developed a new consolidated specification for the commercial aviation industry, ATA iSpec 2200. It includes an industry-wide approach for aircraft system numbering, as well as formatting and data content standards for documentation output. The main objectives of the new specification are to minimize cost and effort expended by operators and manufacturers, improve information quality and timeliness, and facilitate manufacturers' delivery of data that meet airline operational needs.
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Energy efficiency over the entire life cycle of a building is the most important goal of sustainable architecture. Architects use many different passive and active techniques to reduce the energy needs of buildings and increase their ability to capture or generate their own energy.M. DeKay & G.Z. Brown, Sun Wind & Light, architectural design strategies, 3rd ed. Wiley, 2014 To minimize cost and complexity, sustainable architecture prioritizes passive systems to take advantage of building location with incorporated architectural elements, supplementing with renewable energy sources and then fossil fuel resources only as needed.
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The systematic layout planning (SLP) - also referred to as site layout planning \- is a tool used to arrange a workplace in a plant by locating areas with high frequency and logical relationships close to each other.Muther, R. (1984) Systematic layout planning, Cahners Books The process permits the quickest material flow in processing the product at the lowest cost and least amount of handling. It is used in construction projects to optimize the location of temporary facilities (such as engineers' caravans, material storage, generators, etc.) during construction to minimize transportation, minimize cost, minimize travel time, and enhance safety.
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The synthesis, or design, of four-bar mechanisms is important when aiming to produce a desired output motion for a specific input motion. In order to minimize cost and maximize efficiency, a designer will choose the simplest mechanism possible to accomplish the desired motion. When selecting a mechanism type to be designed, link lengths must be determined by a process called dimensional synthesis. Dimensional synthesis involves an iterate-and- analyze methodology which in certain circumstances can be an inefficient process; however, in unique scenarios, exact and detailed procedures to design an accurate mechanism may not exist.
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Protein nutrition is complex because any proteinogenic amino acid may be the limiting factor in metabolism. Mixing livestock feeds can optimize for growth, or minimize cost while maintaining adequate growth. Similarly, human nutrition is subject to Liebig's law of the minimum: The lowest level of one of the essential amino acids will be the limiting factor in metabolism. :If the content of a single indispensable amino acid in the diet is less than the individual’s requirement, then it will limit the utilization of other amino acids and thus prevent the normal rates of synthesis even when the total nitrogen intake level is adequate.
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With the utilization of this idea, Lange claimed, a state- run economy would be at least as efficient as a capitalist or private market economy. He argued that this was possible, provided the government planners used the price system as if in a market economy and instructed state industry managers to respond parametrically to state-determined prices (minimize cost, etc.). Lange's argument was one of the pivots of the socialist calculation debate with the Austrian School economists. At that time, the view among English socialists of the Fabian Society was that Lange had won the debate.
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Display behaviour is a set of very conspicuous behaviours that allows for the attraction of mates but also can result in the attraction of predators. As a result, animals have certain environmental and social cues that they can use to decide when is the most beneficial time to show such behaviours; they use these triggers to minimize cost (predator avoidance) and maximize gain (mate attraction). The first factor is temporal. Depending on the time of the season, animals (more specifically, tropical frogs, in this study) show strong seasonal trends in display behaviour favouring times closer to the beginning of the mating season.
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Unlike lean manufacturing, from which the principles and methods of Lean IT derive, Lean IT depends upon value streams that are digital and intangible rather than physical and tangible. This renders difficult the visualization of IT value streams and hence the application of Lean IT. Whereas practitioners of lean manufacturing can apply visual management systems such as the kanban cards used in the Toyota Production System, practitioners of Lean IT must use enterprise IT management tools to help visualize and analyze the more abstract context of IT value streams.CA Enables Lean IT to Help Maximize Value and Minimize Cost. April 27, 2009.
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Several inherent logistical and economic weaknesses are present within the social franchising model. These include the difficulty in standardizing medical care among participants, the need for networks to be sufficiently large to attain an economy of scale, the cost and challenge of regulatory oversight of outlets, and the need to base organizational decisions on the population demand which may not maximize quality or minimize cost. There also exists the possibility of “tragedy of the commons” wherein franchisees provide low quality, low cost due to incomplete monitoring. Social franchising for health services runs the risk of overly procedural, “cookie cutter” medical provision, overtreatment of disease conditions, and the possibility of fraud if oversight is not present.
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The MAX-C rover would have relied on significant inheritance of MSL's Curiosity rover design, flight design, test design, test and handling hardware to minimize cost and risk. This solar-powered rover required a range of no less than and a lifetime of at least 500 Martian days (sols). Since many of the geologically interesting terrains on Mars expose stratified layers on slopes in craters, channels, and hillsides, it would be extremely useful for the proposed MAX-C mission to be capable to navigate on slopes of up to 30 degrees, as both of the Spirit and Opportunity MERs have done. The mass would have been about 300 kg, bigger than the MERs, comparable in mass to the ExoMars rover, but lighter than the Curiosity rover.
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Also, while traditional clinical trials focus primarily on therapeutic efficacy and safety, outcomes research may consider additional parameters such as cost, timeliness, convenience, geographical accessibility and patient preferences. Consequently, the field is more multi-disciplinary, involving, in addition to healthcare professionals and the manufacturers of medical devices or pharmaceuticals, medical economists, sociologists, and public health researchers. The results of outcomes research are used to inform the decisions of legislative bodies that make decisions related to healthcare, as well as of financial bodies (governments, insurers, employers) who seek to minimize cost and waste while ensuring the provision of an acceptable level of care. Patients also have a significant stake in outcomes research because it facilitates their decision- making, both in deciding what intervention is best for them given their circumstances, and as members of the public who have ultimately to pay for medical services.
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The distinction between pragmatic and explanatory trials is not the same as the distinction between randomized and nonrandomized trials. Any trial can be either randomized or nonrandomized and have any degree of pragmatic and explanatory power, depending on its study design, with randomization being preferable if practicably available. However, most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to date have leaned toward the explanatory side of the pragmatic-explanatory spectrum, largely because of the value traditionally placed on proving causation by deconfounding as part of proving efficacy, but sometimes also because "attempts to minimize cost and maximize efficiency have led to smaller sample sizes". The movement toward supporting pragmatic randomized controlled trials (pRCTs) hopes to make sure that money spent on RCTs is well spent by providing information that actually matters to real- world outcomes, regardless of conclusively tying causation to particular variables.
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Key Questions Prescriptive Analytics software answers for oil and gas producersEnergy is the largest industry in the world ($6 trillion in size). The processes and decisions related to oil and natural gas exploration, development and production generate large amounts of data. Many types of captured data are used to create models and images of the Earth’s structure and layers 5,000 - 35,000 feet below the surface and to describe activities around the wells themselves, such as depositional characteristics, machinery performance, oil flow rates, reservoir temperatures and pressures. Prescriptive analytics software can help with both locating and producing hydrocarbons by taking in seismic data, well log data, production data, and other related data sets to prescribe specific recipes for how and where to drill, complete, and produce wells in order to optimize recovery, minimize cost, and reduce environmental footprint.
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Originally ordered by the IJN in the 1937 and 1939 Supplementary Naval budgets, the Katori-class cruisers were purpose- designed to replace the aging armored cruisers in the officer training role, and as such differed from other IJN cruisers in several aspects. Built to commercial standards to minimize cost, the Katori class had a lower length-to- beam ratio than was usual for cruisers, giving the ships greater initial stability for trainees unfamiliar with lives at sea. Unusually for IJN ships, the Katori class had mixed steam turbine/diesel propulsion, intended to maximize the ships' instructional value rather than speed: even at a combined 8000 shp the maximum speed was only 18 knots, too slow for conventional cruiser duties. The main armament of each ship was four guns in two twin-gun turrets, the same type used on the light cruiser Yūbari, in "A" and "Y" positions.
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An early algorithmic use of pseudoforests involves the network simplex algorithm and its application to generalized flow problems modeling the conversion between commodities of different types.. In these problems, one is given as input a flow network in which the vertices model each commodity and the edges model allowable conversions between one commodity and another. Each edge is marked with a capacity (how much of a commodity can be converted per unit time), a flow multiplier (the conversion rate between commodities), and a cost (how much loss or, if negative, profit is incurred per unit of conversion). The task is to determine how much of each commodity to convert via each edge of the flow network, in order to minimize cost or maximize profit, while obeying the capacity constraints and not allowing commodities of any type to accumulate unused. This type of problem can be formulated as a linear program, and solved using the simplex algorithm.
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