Elementos isn't alone in looking at this sort of project, with several other similar tin and nickel ventures trying to re-process old mine workings or restart abandoned deposits.
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It would also fail to maintain the "ecological integrity" of the land, putting into danger 26 swamplands in the surrounding area located above the mine workings due to fracturing of the bedrock beneath the swamps, which could change their ecological functioning and make them more fire prone.
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The creek also experiences seepage into mine workings via both surface seepage and streambed seepage.
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The estimated rate of streambed seepage into mine workings was 3.49 gallons per minute per inch of rain.
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The report estimated the rate of streambed seepage into mine workings to be per minute per of rainfall.
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In June 1952 the last two miles of the Black Devon disappeared Forth Naturalist and Historian Volume 19 page 17. into old coal mine workings. These eventually filled with a mixture of fresh and salt water, the river being tidal at the point where the collapse into the mine workings occurred.
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There is still evidence of the mine workings, with the remains of buildings, spoil heaps and tramways in the area.
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On the western side of the mountain, at between 1,500 and 1,700 metres, are the remains of old mine workings.
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However, during the heat of summer, it is an intermittent stream. A 1952 report estimated that the rate of surface seepage into mine workings was 8.35 gallons per minute per inch of rain. The report also estimated that the rate of streambed seepage into mine workings was 17.86 gallons per minute per inch of rain.
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The local high school, MacDonald High, sank slightly into one of these mine workings and had to be subsequently torn down.
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Old coal mine workings, some of which dated from the Middle Ages, had to be filled in before the tunnelling began.
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As a result, there are risks of collapse, or subsidence of underground mine workings, and many areas have been fenced off to prevent entry.
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The mines were abandoned in 1936. The Parque Minas de Aroa (Aroa Mines Park) was created on 21 September 1974, containing the old mine workings.
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Ortona Mine and Battery is situated on the banks of the Percy River on a large area of land that crosses a series of small seasonally active creeks. The place comprises early mine workings and the surviving components of a mill and mining camp. All of the components are located in close association. The mine workings comprise three groups of shallow open workings and a shaft.
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The Board of Trade was empowered to inspect the position of mine workings. The Petroleum (Production) Act 1918 (8 & 9 Geo. 5 c.52) was repealed.
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HM Inspectorate of Mines is responsible for the correct implementation and inspection of safe working procedures within all UK mine workings. It is based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire.
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The total site covers some 20 hectares, although the PCO curtilage is confined to the area immediately surrounding the main buildings and works. The Ottery mine workings lie on the side of a steep hill at the head of a narrow gully. All drainage from the gully flows into a small, unnamed ephemeral creek. Numerous derelict structures, open mine workings, eroding slimes dams, spoil heaps and pieces of machinery are scattered across the site.
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Formed as an oxidation product of arsenic-bearing sulfides in reaction with surrounding calcium-bearing rocks, and as a recent efflorescence in mine workings. Erythrite and pharmacolite are common associated minerals.
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The Carbondale mine fire began in either 1943 or 1946 when a fire in Carbondale's city dump spread to nearby mine workings. It is unknown if the fire was natural or man-made. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, a number of minor unsuccessful attempts were made to stop the fire by flooding the burning mine workings. It was the first time that an attempt to excavate a mine fire of that size had been made.
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Because of a combination of the age of the mine workings for lead in this area coupled with the short-lived nature of the various formalised cost-book companies that operated the mines, the records of the extent of workings are obscure. Most of the cost-book companies were not floated on the London Stock Exchange as was common practice at this time and, as a result, did not return reports that were then published in the contemporary Mining Journal. Dr Andrew claimed that in their assessment of the extent and impact of mine workings EirGrid had solely relied upon the information received from the GSI and EPA and did not appear to have conducted any detailed research. The GSI have admitted in correspondence concerning the extent of mine workings in the area that they “..do not necessarily capture the full extent of a feature, particularly if it is inaccessible and impractical..” and thus do not have information detailing the extent of mine workings such as shafts, trial pits, adits, stoped sections of veins and any lateral workings thereon.
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The concept is utilising the naturally heated water from the flooded former mine workings of Caerau Colliery through a heat exchanger to provide heat to homes. The project is projected to cost £9.4M.
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A partnership of organisations own the trails which are managed by Tamar Community Trust. The trail passes wooded copses and disused mine workings and is used for walking, cycling, mountain biking, jogging or segway.
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The project total is estimated to be £692 million once the cost of purchasing land is included.Glasgow's new £692m M74 extension opens There was a £12 million allowance for grouting of old mine workings.
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The mine workings southwest of the smelter comprise a large open cut containing several mine shafts. Rendered stone water tanks are located above the smelter terraces, and a limestone deposit is located to the west.
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The highest average monthly output in the latter period was 30 tonnes, and was entirely for export. There are several abandoned lead mine workings around Lead Mine Pass, some of which date back several centuries.
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A mid-20th-century report estimated that the rate of seepage of water from the surface into mine workings was 8.11 gallons per minute per inch of rain. The report estimated that the rate of seepage of water from the streambed into mine workings was 15.20 gallons per minute per inch of rain. In a 2013 study, the electrical conductivity of West Branch Tinklepaugh Creek ranged from 14.00 to 49.50 micro-Siemens per centimeter. The average electrical conductivity was 28.69 micro-siemens per centimeter.
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There are disused mine workings on the headland, local documents show that mining took place from at least the 1650s until closure in 1874, by which time the shafts had been sunk far below sea-level.
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The Browns retained a half share in this new operation and the Minmi operations were transferred to the new company in February 1863. However this new company was short lived as in June 1864 the mine workings at Minmi were flooded. It took until mid August to dewater the mine workings, by this stage the new company was in serious financial trouble. In December 1864 the new company was wound up and ownership of the Minmi workings was returned to the Browns once they paid the £17,500 in debts that the company owed.
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Mr McAdam, a civil engineering contractor in the UK, stated that the project he was currently engaged in North & South Lanarkshire had extensive mine workings. Extensive research and ground penetrating radar was used along with historical maps of the underground network was carried out prior to extensive grouting and rehabilitation of all known mines and shafts. All shafts were capped also. He made the point that EirGrid had not considered this scope of works whatsoever with relation to the areas of mine workings in Lemgare, Lisdrumgormley & Annaglogh relative to their proposed development.
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Rock burst damage at a deep US mine A rock burst is a spontaneous, violent failure of rock that can occur in high-stress mines. Although mines may experience many mining-related seismic events, only the tremors associated with damage to accessible mine workings are classified as rock bursts. The opening of mine workings relieves neighboring rocks of tremendous pressure, which can literally cause the rock to explode, or trigger abrupt movement on nearby geological structures. Rock bursts are a serious hazard; in South Africa, they kill roughly 20 miners each year.
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Kenneth William David Jack AM MBE RWS, (5 October 1924 – 10 June 2006) was an Australian watercolour artist who specialised in painting the images of an almost forgotten outback life: old mine workings, ghost towns, decaying farm buildings.
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Upcast, upcast shaft :The upcast is the shaft by which the spent air is expelled after ventilating the mine workings. It may be considered a type of chimney. Upthrow :An upthrow fault has moved a seam to a higher level.
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There were two levels of mine workings beneath the railway. The uppermost had not been used for some time, but miners in the lower level claimed they could hear trains above their heads and had already predicted a "big spill" someday.
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A series of large holes on the side of Green Side mountain, formed by the collapse of the old mine workings underneath The 18th-century mine workings began from adits driven into the sloping hillside along the line of the vein. These were known as the Top Level, Middle Level and Gilgower's Level. As each level was extended further into the hill, ore was obtained by cutting rises above the levels, or sumps below them. The ore was usually removed by overhead stoping (called "roofing" locally), that is, by cutting away the roof of a level.
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Until the invention of the steam engine, water power was the main source of energy utilised by the various mechanical engines employed in the mining industry, such as water wheels, reversible water wheels, water-column engines or water turbines. To enable mine workings to be driven ever deeper, more and more power was needed. The water available in the vicinity of the pits was insufficient for that purpose and springs frequently dried up as a result of be diverted for use in the mines. As a result, the water needed for the mine workings sometimes had to be transported over long distances.
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Mine rescuers have often been recognised in Britain by the award of gallantry medals. In Britain, mines rescue teams may be called to investigate holes in the ground that have appeared because of land surface subsidence into old mineshafts and mine workings.
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Graphite was mined at West Brother Islandhku.hk Metallic Mineral Resources between 1952 and 1971. By 1964, the mine workings had reached 90 m below sea level.Catalogue of Hong Kong Tunnels (December 2008) The two islands were leveled to avoid affecting aviation of the airport.
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Their communications were addressed to miners, rather than to their organization. Some owners of mines with dewatering pumps may have threatened to turn off the pumps, flooding adjacent interconnected mine workings, along with their own, to keep the adjacent mines from meeting the union demands.
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Many of the tools are of considerable historical value. The collection includes rare old boring hammers and drilling machines as well as more modern pneumatic drills. The complex array of tunnels also gives an impressive picture of the mine workings."National Mining Museum", De Kayldall.
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All mine workings inside the boundary of the planning application were stabilised using foam concrete to satisfy a 100-year design life while ensuring archaeologically important areas and bat habitats were protected. In some hydrologically sensitive areas, "stowing" – an infill with limestone aggregate – was undertaken. Archaeologically important areas were filled with sand and new bat caves and tunnels were created. The £154.6 million grant for the works came from the Land Stabilisation Programme which was set up by the government in 1999 to deal with "abandoned non-coal mine workings which are likely to collapse and threaten life and property" and managed by English Partnerships, the national regeneration agency.
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The services held there were well supported. The Birchgrove Colliery was closed in 1931. There are still relics of Birchgrove's industrial past in the area, The ruins of Scot's pit pump house dominate the lower end of Birchgrove and evidence of mine workings can still be found.
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Chloride is an unincorporated community in Sierra County, in the U.S. state of New Mexico. The community is located at the confluence of Chloride Creek with Mineral Creek. Most of the old mine workings are to the west along Chloride Creek. Winston is about two miles to the east.
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The borehole itself has a diameter of . The Askam Borehole is the main point by which the T-B mine workings discharge acid mine drainage into Nanticoke Creek. The borehole is the only source of water for the lower reaches of Nanticoke Creek. It discharges in two different locations.
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The reserve consists of two meadows and supports one of the largest United Kingdom populations of the rare Meadow Clary. It is on Inferior Oolitic limestone and Fuller's Earth and faces south. It overlies extensive mine workings. These produced high quality freestone used for building in the Stroud area.
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Poland is highly dependent on coal for electrical generation. Unlike in most of Western Europe, Polish coal mines are still active. Methane in the mine workings poses safety problems. Most methane is currently treated as waste, but studies show that coalbed methane can be profitably used as a gas resource.
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The tramway at the point where it passed over the former Ardda mine workings & tramway. The tell-tale signs of where sleepers have been removed. The minimal permanent way is evident in this photo too. The pipeline from Llyn Cowlyd still has the 'hump' where it passed over the Tramway.
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Harewood House was an ancient manor house, built originally by the Saxons, in Cornwall, England. It is located by an ancient river crossing, originally used by the Romans to get to a nearby Roman fort. Harewood Estate is surrounded by old mine workings, so the house faces towards Morwellham Quay.
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1489-1504; . Abstract Secondary ore minerals from the Sherman mine are popular with mineral collectors.Sherman mine data and photos at Mindat.org The prominent ruins of the historic buildings and structures of the Hilltop Mine (above the more recent Sherman mine workings) are often visited and photographed by hikers and mountaineers.
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With the Denniston and the smaller Millerton mining operations having ended, the nearby Stockton coalfield is continuing the tradition of West Coast coal. Solid Energy New Zealand has planned to extend the life of the Stockton mining area by opening up the old Millerton Mine workings, albeit as an open cast pit.
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The Preserve contains over of mine workings. The largest and oldest town, Nortonville, had a peak population of about 1,000. Somersville, Stewartville, West Hartley and Judsonville were located in valleys to the east. The sites of Stewartville and West Hartley are located on private property outside the eastern boundary of the Preserve.
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The upper 400m of the Wannig are characterised by crags and boulder fields, below which is a wide belt of mountain pine. In the lower regions of its western and southern slopes are the remains of old mine workings. Here in the Feigenstein Field (Revier Feigenstein), lead and zinc ore (Smithsonite) was mined.
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Whistle Inn The station is situated on the trackbed of the London and North Western Railway's Brynmawr and Blaenavon Railway which closed to passengers on 5 May 1941 and to goods on 23 June 1954. In September 1971, a section of the line between and Blaenavon Furnace Sidings was relaid by the National Coal Board for opencast mine workings. The relaid section came into use in March 1972 and carried approximately 1000 tons of coal per day until June 1975 when the mine workings ceased and the line was clipped out of use on 18 August. The Private Siding Agreement concluded by the Coal Board for the reinstatement of the section was not terminated until 30 April 1980, after which the track was removed.
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Old mine-workings on the hills indicate that at one time mining was abundant, probably for calamine, lead, copper and more recently yellow ochre. During the construction of the M5 motorway a Roman or pre-Roman settlement was uncovered at Christon. Christon Court has medieval origins, but the current building dates from the 17th century.
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In 1873, manganese was discovered in the Constantiaberg. In 1909 to 1911 manganese was mined in Hout Bay. Reminders of these activities are the ruins of the manganese ore jetty and the old mine workings up the mountain. In 1880, Crisp Arnold set up fishing sheds and started curing snoek for export to Mauritius.
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Work that had started on the eastern-bypass, the Berea-Sivewright Street section, was completed. At the southern end of the M1 Goch Street double-decker section, work began on the Westgate Interchange that would connect the M1 and M2 motorways but work was problematic when mine workings below the site became an issue.
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It was built for Dr Samuel Lodge on part of the garden of Mr Addison's house – which in 1864 had become the vicarage of St. Luke's church. All these houses, except Springfield Lodge, were in the classical style. Springfield Lodge had gothic elements. Despite the mine-workings Broomfields in 1840 still had a largely rural aspect.
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Ripley Ville – the surrounding landscape. OS map 1855 with developments to 1861 In 1865 more than 80 acres of Ripley's land holding were still undeveloped. The area was dotted with the Bowling Iron Company's former mine workings. Several old mine shafts had been converted to wells to provide the dye works with its soft water supply.
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In retirement, the old mine workings serve as the water supply for Globe-Miami and the district mines. Photo courtesy Jerry Willis. Specimen of malachite from the Old Dominion mine Globe is also known for having links to Geronimo and the Apache Kid. On October 23, 1889, the Apache Kid's trial was held in the Globe Courthouse.
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A vein of silver was discovered in 1843 but production was limited. Most of the activity at Ballycorus occurred at the smelting and rolling facility constructed by MCI in the valley below the mine workings. This facility received ore not only from Ballycorus but also from MCI's mine at Luganure, in Glendalough, County Wicklow for processing.Joyce, p. 71.
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In 1952, of land were purchased to connect the park to the canal. The open air baths were closed and filled in around 1956. A garden for the blind by the Lichfield Street lodge, on a former bowling green, was opened in 1958. In 1965, exploration began for tunnels connecting the Littleton Street mine workings, however none were found.
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The Heads of the Valleys towns, including Rhymney, Tredegar and Ebbw Vale, rose out of the industrial revolution, producing coal, metal ores and later steel. Aberfan: The Merthyr Vale colliery began to produce coal in 1875. Spoil from the mine workings was piled on the hills close to the village which grew nearby. Tipping went on until the 1960s.
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Harris later featured her efforts to revegetate the mine- workings at the Central Mine of the Sulphide Corporation in her book Australian Plants for the Garden (1953). Harris also lectured on Biological Science at University of Sydney and on Botany at Sydney Technical College.Harris, Thistle. Vertical File collection, The LuEsther T. Mertz Library, The New York Botanical Garden.
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Further developments included a quarry, stone pier and a lime kiln which can still be seen behind St. Blane's Villa. The limestone used in the kiln being mined on the hillside behind the village. Part of the old mine workings is now used as the reservoir for the village. Overlooking the reservoir is the ruined remain of Kelspoke Castle.
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5; pp. 668-682 The southeastern end of the range including the old mining area west of Silver City is referred to as the Silver City Range.Murphy, Idaho, 30x60 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1986 About west of Silver City is the De Lamar ghost town in Jordan Creek below the mine workings on De Lamar Mountain to the south.
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Old mill at Golden Point Mine Historic Area, near Macraes Flat. An excavation report from the Golden Bar Mine between the Macraes Flat and Palmeston, Otago, shows that located in front of the main mine workings of ca.1897, archaeological material was found. This material was a small heart- shaped brooch with 13 glass (paste) diamonds.
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Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland - Béara The completed conservation project and some of the underground mine workings were the subject of the TV documentary programme "Townlands" on RTÉ One in 2005. Daphne du Maurier’s novel Hungry Hill is a fictionalized saga of several generations of a mine-owning dynasty and based loosely on the history of the Puxley family.
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For its construction, the Wilhelm shaft was first equipped with Haspel (hoists). Under certain weather conditions the mine workings were vulnerable to changing weather conditions (Wetterwechsel). The mine was then properly aligned in 1825 and later in the same year its vulnerability was reduced. The mining of coal was then carried out through an adit in Muttenal.
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View of Snailbeach from the bottom of the Topography Trail. The area was mined for lead and other minerals until 1955. At one point it was believed to be the most productive lead mine in Europe, it even had its own railway network: Snailbeach District Railways. Relics from the mine workings can still be found today at the nearby village of Snailbeach.
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By 14 April 53 bodies had been recovered."The Mercury Hobart, Friday 14 April 1893, European Telegrams" at trove.nla.gov.au Sparks from the wooden brake blocks of a haulage engine had set fire to nearby brattice sheets. The fire spread quickly, fanned by the strong ventilation and ignited timber supports, sending dense clouds of smoke and fumes into the mine workings.
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It is not known if the mine workings under Warborough Road, Churston contain any linking passages to the old smugglers' tunnel due to the Warborough adits being untraceable or backfilled under the overgrown thicket. In a recent planning application regarding works at number 2 Warborough Road, it is documented that one of the deep shafts is capped underneath the property's garden.
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Most of the surface coal handling, processing and support facilities at Nordegg are still standing. They were declared a Provincial Historic Resource in 1992, and a National Historic Site of Canada in 2002. There are guided tours of the surface facilities during the summer months. Tours of the underground mine workings are not possible because most of the tunnels have collapsed.
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There were further delays during construction of the car park over suspected disused mine workings. Exhaustive surveys initially could not verify their precise locations, but two were eventually discovered under the station site. Opening was delayed to summer 2016, and then to May 2017. This date was revised again, and the station opened to passenger trains on Sunday, 2 April 2017.
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The mine was a consolidation of several previously inactive mines interconnected via the Treasury Tunnel. The Treasury Tunnel was initially created in 1896 with the hope of connecting older mine workings to allow for drainage and exploiting ore deposits thought to exist between the mines of Red Mountain and Telluride. The tunnel operated for about 10 years with limited success.
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Newport, 44 There is standing water in the underground mine workings in the creek's vicinity.Newport, 56 It drains a coal sheet known as Mine Sheet No. 1. The creek once flowed over a ledge of conglomerate of the Pottsville Formation upstream of its mouth. An 1887 book described this as "producing an effect especially interesting in the study of creek erosion".
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In the stream's watershed, there are some cropfalls hundreds of feet deep lead into underground mine workings. In the early 1900s, there was a small intake dam on Sugar Notch Run approximately upstream of the Sugar Notch borough line. The dam is at an elevation of and drains an area of . It has a capacity of 20,000 gallons or less.
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Mine workings in County Durham restricted the number of possible sites which could meet the requirement for solid foundations. The site also required good road and rail access. The estimated build time for the station was around four years, and once completed the station was expected to employ around 300 people. In June 1944, NESCo formally submitted their plans for consent of construction.
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It is a tangible link with nineteenth century mining on the Palmer Goldfield. The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The close combination of an intact battery and plant, intact living quarters, mine workings and alluvial workings is rare in Queensland.
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At the foot of the northern corrie are remnants of an old Scots Pine wood of Coille Coire Chuilc, part of the former Caledonian Forest. These northern foothills of the mountain were once heavily mined for lead and there are still prominent scars on the hillside. The Clan Campbell wrecked the mine workings in 1745 as they were then owned by a prominent Jacobite Sir Robert Clifton.
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Mellish Road Methodist Chapel was a grade II listed Methodist chapel in Mellish Road, Walsall, England, built in 1910. The building was of limestone ashlar, with some exposed brick, Buildings of England, Staffordshire, p295 and cost £3,600. In the 1990s, subsidence caused by the flooding of disused mine- workings beneath the chapel caused a significant crack to appear in its walls. It was declared unsafe and abandoned.
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The mines were abandoned in 1936. In 1957 the Venezuelan state acquired the mines and transferred them to the Venezuelan Petrochemical Institute, which extracted pyrite and copper carbonate from them for the production of sulfuric acid. In 1972 the Institute transferred its rights to Yaracuy state. The Parque Minas de Aroa (Aroa Mines Park) was created on 21 September 1974, containing the old mine workings.
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Poolburn is a small rural settlement in Central Otago, in the South Island of New Zealand. It is located in the Ida Valley nine kilometres to the southeast of Ophir. It has a Primary School, a former Hotel, a community Hall,sports ground, tennis courts and a (closed) church. It has nearby historic gold mine workings ( "Blacks No. 3" )at the eastern foot of the Raggedy Range.
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In 1972, a section of the line from to Waenavon was relaid by the National Coal Board for opencast mine workings. Coal traffic from Blaenavon continued until 8 October 1979 and the pit was closed in 1980 but the track remained down due to the prospect of its sale. A section from Big Pit, Blaenavon was subsequently sold to the Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway.
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The nature reserve lies in the heart of the Forest of Dean, on the B4226 between Cinderford and Coleford and east of Cannop. It is about half a mile to the east of Speech House. This has been a nature reserve managed by the Trust since 1984. It consists of reclaimed land from open-cast mine workings and has lake, marsh and open heath habitats.
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Like many hobbies or sports, mine exploration appeals to a specific subset of people. An interest in industrial archaeology may be a motivating factor for some enthusiasts. Relics and artifacts found in abandoned mine workings may include equipment such as pumps, cranes, drills, narrow gauge railway tracks, wagons and locomotives. Abandoned mines may occasionally contain larger features such as timber bridges, cable railways, or waterwheels.
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However, the alluvial gold supply was rapidly exhausted and underground mines following the outcropping vein produced decreasing amounts of gold, resulting in a slow but steady decrease in the population. The railway station was closed during the Great Depression, and by 1953 the town had been abandoned. The railway station platform, two cemeteries and mine workings are all that is left of the original town of Kanowna.
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Many old mine workings were often extensions of natural cave systems. They can be found at Castleton, Winnats, Matlock, Stoney Middleton, Eyam, Monyash and Buxton. Reservoirs such as Torside Reservoir, Damflask Reservoir, Carsington Water and Rudyard Lake are centres for water sports, including sailing, fishing and canoeing. Other activities include air sports such as hang gliding and paragliding, birdwatching, fell running, off-roading, and orienteering.
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Pevsner, N. (1952) South Devon. Penguin Books; p. 62 It is dedicated to the Irish Saint Bride or Bridget, who is depicted in one of the stained glass windows, and from whom the place-name is derived. Also within the parish are an Elizabethan mansion Great Bidlake, the seat of the Bidlake family since 1268, and disused mine-workings which once produced lead and copper.
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Cannel coal was found in Aspull. There were several large collieries dating back to the 18th century, also malt kilns and a cotton mill. In 1896 the Crawford, Kirkless, Moor and Woodshaw Pits in the township belonging the Wigan Coal and Iron Company employed over 1,000 workers. Aspull's long history of mining left a legacy of old mineshafts, water drainage tunnels (soughs) and abandoned mine workings.
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The pit is not just used as a visitor mine, however; it is also to supply drinking water and, during the winter, acts as sheltered haven for bats. In addition, work is underway to carry out further research and to preserve and protect the old mine workings. Great importance is attached to ensuring they are preserved as far as possible in their original state.
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In December 1984 the mine employed 326 miners, and 290 of those were working underground on three shifts-a-day, five days a week. Production averaged 11,000 tons of coal per day. After the fire, in 1985, the mine was divided into two separate mines. The mine workings on the west side of the fire seals became the Cottonwood Mine (MSHA ID No. 42-01944).
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EirGrid, a state-owned electric power transmission operator in Ireland, proposed a new electricity inter-connector between Counties Tyrone and Meath which crosses from Northern Ireland into the Republic of Ireland at Lemgare and runs through the townlands of Lisdrumgormley and Annaglogh - all of which had extensive mining operations in them. On Day 34 of the Oral Hearing (13 May 2016) a report and research were presented to the hearing which was chaired by An Bord Pleanala inspectors. Maurice McAdam, as part of his initial submission to An Bord Pleanala, had raised the issue of the uncharted mine workings in the Lemgare, Lisdrumgormley and Annaglogh area posed a series of questions to EirGrid, in particular about the research that they had carried out. Mr McAdam had questioned Eirgrid regarding the "incurred liability & associated costs" and the potential for harm or even death by collapse of underground mine workings in the area.
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Copper and gold were mined in the area starting in 1866, and the top of Baldy Mountain was developed as the Mystic Lode copper mine. Other mines near Baldy Mountain were the Aztec, French Henry, Bull-of-the-Woods, Homestake, Black Horse, and Montezuma mines. Mine workings and prospects are still evident on the slopes of the mountain as well. There are about of mines in the whole mountain.
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At the southeast corner of the site, a large quartz outcrop is visible alongside a station track. The place contains mine workings, a battery and concentration plant foundations arranged in close association. The main component of the place is an almost intact five head stamp battery set on rendered brick and stone mounts. Concrete foundations for the diesel power plant (which has been removed) are located alongside the stamp battery.
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Inside it there is a large chamber called Oyster Chamber, referring to the abundance of fossilised shells. Merlin Cavern has of passages from old lead mine workings. Fingals Cave is a tall passage with the largest entrance in the dale and is an old mine. Ivy Green Cave is long and in 1989 a local boy from Eyam got lost in it and his body was only found a year later.
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Dominion is an unincorporated community in Nova Scotia's Cape Breton Regional Municipality. It is located immediately west of the larger centre of Glace Bay. Founded in 1906, Dominion got its name from the local Dominion Coal Company and owed its birth to the coal mining industry as did many of the local communities. Coal was king, and remnants of many old mine workings still run under the town.
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170th Tunnelling Company began work for a mining attack on the Hohenzollern Redoubt on 14 December 1915. By the end of the month, it was in the process of sinking six shafts. Two sections of 180th Tunnelling Company were then attached to 170th Tunnelling Company, and the miners began another three shafts. Mining was carried out in the clay layer to distract the Germans from other mine workings in the chalk.
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The mine workings closed eventually in 1923."Hamish‘s Mountain Walk" Pages 79 & 80 (Gives info pine forest and lead mining). Beinn Dubhchraig is linked to the adjacent Munro of Ben Oss, which lies two kilometres to the west, by the Bealach Buidhe which has a height of 779 metres. The ridge down to the bealach is broad and holds a few small lochans within the schist rock hollows.
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However, most of the activity at Ballycorus occurred at the smelting facility constructed by MCI in the valley below the mine workings. Here, lead from Ballycorus, as well as lead from mines in counties Donegal, Wicklow and Wexford, was processed using a reverberatory furnace.Rynne, P. 145. After the mine was exhausted in the 1860s, the smelting facilities continued to receive and process ore from MCI's mines at Glendalough, County Wicklow.
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Mining, particularly of copper, lead (often associated with quantities of silver), baryte, graphite and slate, was historically a major Lakeland industry, mainly from the 16th to 19th centuries. Coppiced woodland was used extensively to provide charcoal for smelting. Some mining still takes place today; for example, slate mining continues at the Honister Mines, at the top of Honister Pass. Abandoned mine workings can be found on fellsides throughout the district.
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At Cathedral Arch a branch canal led into the Little Tess Cavern mine workings. This route is now blocked, but has been by-passed by two new tunnels (see below). The southern end, including the southern portal, of the tunnel had to be rebuilt in 1884 due to subsidence caused by adjacent coal mines. This section of the tunnel was built several feet wider than the original tunnel bore.
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These only coalesced into a single village in the nineteenth century, when most of the mine workings had moved onto the surrounding hillsides. Following the end of mining, Polgooth's population dropped sharply and the village became a mainly agricultural, rural settlement. More recently, from the 1960s onwards, large numbers of bungalows and suburban houses have been built, thanks to the proximity of St Austell, Truro, and the south Cornish coast.
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The church was built in 1769 to replace an earlier church on the site. It was replaced in 1837 by St John's Church, Snods Edge, Shotley Bridge, several miles to the south. In the 19th century St Andrew's suffered from subsidence due to mine workings, and it was remodelled in 1892. St Andrew's was declared redundant on 29 October 1971, and was vested in the Trust on 13 April 1973.
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The hill going down into Lowertown can also flood, but has never had a dramatic flood. There are still remains of the mills and mines at Lowertown. The mills have been turned into houses as well as the other historic features and the old mines have now been taken away; however there are still remnants such as leats and other mine workings. The hamlet of Gwavas is joined onto Lowertown.
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In 1663, Rosbach received town privileges under the control of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the Count of Nassau and the Electorate and Archbishopric of Trier. Rosbach was a part of the Historic road along the Long Hesse () connecting Frankfurt and Leipzig. During 1850 and 1926 manganese ore was mined in 80 mine workings. During this time the natural resource brought technological progress and the population increased dramatically.
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The bassist and lyricist of Manic Street Preachers Nicky Wire lived in Wattsville and wrote a song about the village called "Wattsville Blues", where he describes his love of the village. The song appears on the album Know Your Enemy. About halfway up the main street, there is a noticeable gap in the terrace. This is where 4 houses used to stand, which were flattened due to underground mine workings.
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There is not much trace of silver to be found now, as the dumps have been well worked over by mineral collectors. Some fine examples of crystallized dendritic silver were found in the 1980s.Moreton (2007) There are other mine workings at Carnaughton Glen, on the west side of Alva (just above the golf course), which are often confused with the Silver Glen. These are barren trials from the 1770s.
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In 1995, Sunshine acquired the neighboring Consolidated Silver (ConSil) property consisting of the surface facilities and underground workings of the Silver Summit Mine. This mine has served as the Sunshine Mine's second access for years. The ConSil underground mine workings are primarily accessed by an adit to an internal 5600 feet shaft. The surface opening of this adit is located about two miles east of the Jewell shaft.
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Mining activity declined in Lucknow by the 1920s, only to be renewed under amalgamated companies, particularly during the ownership of the Marshall family from the 1930s era. Most of the current infrastructure situated on the Wentworth main Mine site was constructed during this era. The Wentworth Main Shaft was used for dewatering, rather than mining access and extraction. Of note is the complex underground system of interconnected mine workings.
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In 2005, the Big Pit National Coal Museum won the prestigious Gulbenkian Prize. The museum hired mining apprentices in 2011; after serving an apprenticeship, the trainees would then have the necessary qualifications to work in a mine. The museum features a range of above ground attractions including a winding house, saw mill, pithead, baths. Visitors are also taken below ground to the pit bottom where they tour the mine workings.
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Additional work was performed at the site during this time, such as the including the assessment and stabilisation of nearby mine workings. The design for the proposed station was developed by engineering firm AECOM on behalf of Derbyshire County Council. As designed, it features two separate platforms, one each side of the twin track railway running in between. At 100 meters, these are long enough to accommodate four- carriages train.
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The road is of significance for its associated historical places including wayside house, staging posts, Chinese gardens and mine workings. The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage. It is one of the few remaining historic access routes on the Palmer which has not been subjected to extensive up-grading. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
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The direct associations of stone retaining walls, Chinese camp sites and conventional mine workings is exceptional. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history. Further archaeological and archival investigation could yield information on the extent of Chinese activities and involvement in the Star of Normanby mine area. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
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The term mine drainage tunnel is also common, at least in the United States. Workings above this level (known as "above adit") will remain unflooded as long as the adit does not become blocked. All mine workings below both the drainage adit ("below adit") and the water table will flood unless mechanical means are used for drainage. Until the invention of the steam engine this was the main restriction on deep mining.
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Flooding in open pit mines leads to the so-called pit lakes, where a wide range of creatures can be seen. The flooding process happens because the drainage wells or dewatering pumps stop to work and the open mining spaces are filled with groundwaters and surface waters. Surface waters come from precipitation and water bodies (e.g. rivers) and groundwaters come from bodies connected to the pit or from abandoned underground mine workings.
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Main Street, Schumacher, Ont., early 1900s Porcupine Gold Mines is currently engaged in a surface diamond drilling program on the previous Hollinger and McIntyre properties. This activity aims to better determine the location and extent of underground mine workings in the area, which have caused sinkholes to appear. In addition, it is done to evaluate the potential to mine remnant gold mineralization as part of a possible future open-pit mining operation.
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Although all water that enters pit workings originates from atmospheric precipitation, the miner distinguishes between surface water and groundwater. Surface water enters the pit through openings in the mine at the surface of the ground, such as tunnel portals or shaft entrances. During heavy rain, water seeps into the earth and forms ground water when it meets layers of impervious rock. Pit water is mainly interstitial water and groundwater that seeps into the mine workings.
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The summit of the mountain consists of the Pilot Knob National Wildlife Refuge which is the home for nearly one-third of the world's population of Indiana bats. The bats hibernate in the abandoned mine workings. Pilot Knob Ore Company donated the land for conservation purposes after ceasing its mining operations on July 22, 1987. Currently the Pilot Knob National Wildlife Refuge is closed to the public to protect habitat for the endangered Indiana bat.
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Subsidence affected the canal in 1894, when a section near Blackbrook Junction, including part of the Two Lock Line, fell into mine workings. The canal remained closed for some time while repairs were made. Blowers Green Lock was built near the junction of Line No. 1 and Line No. 2 at this time, to replace two original locks. A wharf was constructed for the Birmingham Battery and Metal Company in Selly Oak.
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The highest point bears a small cairn from which a fine Lakeland panorama is displayed southward. Thirlmere and Derwentwater are seen along with all of the major fell groupings. To the other points of the compass the northern fells intervene, close up but less inspiring.Wainwright, Alfred: A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells,Book 5 The Northern Fells: View showing the crags below the summit and the former mine workings in the Glenderaterra valley .
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An illustration of how the spoil reside from Foxdale would have been crushed in a Ball mill. Although none of the mine workings were re-opened, in 1955 it was thought that re- processing the spoil from the mines could extract a further yield of ore. A company, Metalliferous Holdings Ltd, had been formed and was already in the process of undertaking such work at the old Snaefell Mine.Isle of Man Times.
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There were probably mine workings in the area of Wheal Busy since the 16th century, but it was not until the 1720s that the mine started to produce large amounts of copper ore. The principal landowner was the Boscawen family.Kain, Roger & Ravenhill, William, (eds.) (1999) Historical Atlas of South-West England, Exeter, p.293. The mine was located in what was known at the time as "the richest square mile on Earth".
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Namaqualand Railway mule train, c. 1876 The Namaqualand Railway was a narrow gauge railway operating between Port Nolloth and O'okiep in the Namaqualand region of the former Cape Colony in South Africa. It was originally a mule- drawn railway built to provide an outlet for the copper mines of the region. Constructed between 1869 and 1876, the railway was long, with an additional 8 miles purely associated with the copper mine workings.
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The first explosion causing large numbers of deaths at Black Vein was in January 1846. Local newspapers reported that around 150 men were working in different sides of the mine workings, but the explosion only affected one area. Miners working elsewhere were not aware of any noise but just felt a strong current of air. 35 were killed; 4 burned, 30 suffocated and 1 was hit by a carriage at the bottom of the shaft.
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Mine dewatering is the action of removing groundwater from a mine. When a mine extends below the water table groundwater will, due to gravity, infiltrate the mine workings. On some projects groundwater is a minor impediment that can be dealt with on an ad-hoc basis. In other mines, and in other geological settings, dewatering is fundamental to the viability of the mine and may require the use of very large resources and management.
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The caves and abandoned mine workings are home to large colonies of the rare horseshoe bat. This small flying mammal navigates the caves and tunnels by using echo location to obtain a mental picture of its surroundings. During the daytime, horseshoe bats are found suspended from the roof of tunnels and caves, with their wings tightly wrapped around their bodies. Only at dusk do the bats leave the caves and mine shafts, to feed on beetles and moths.
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As well as plate tectonics Styles has specialised in the detection of abandoned mine workings using microseismology and microgravity. He is a past president of the Geological Society of London. Styles served two terms on the board of the British Geological Survey and has advised the UK government of underground storage of nuclear waste. In 2008 he took part in a visit to King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah to set up accreditation of geoscience degrees by the Geological Society.
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Grant and his colleague, Sumner, saw potential in the extraction of coal in India and attempted to capitalise on that and their relationship with the East India Company, which they envisaged as being a significant purchaser. Their project involved several mine workings, the precise location of which has been debated. It was beset by problems, including those related to extraction, logistics and disease, and eventually petered out. Sumner had left before its demise, and others had become involved.
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St Aidan's nature park comprises the former St Aidan's opencast site, Lowther North opencast site and parts of the former Savile Colliery, Methley. In March 1988, there was a slope failure on the banks of the River Aire, resulting in a massive flood of of water. RAF Chinook helicopters were used to ferry sandbags into the breach, but it did not stop the water cascading in. It took four days for the floodwater to fill the mine workings.
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A multi-tentacled creature with two luminous eyes is also shown inhabiting the Lake of Mutations. A large, aggressive, tentacled animal called a "Slyther" appears in The Dalek Invasion of Earth (1964). It is described as the Black Dalek’s "pet" and is used to patrol the Dalek mine workings. Giant land-based clams, capable of crushing bone, are seen in Genesis of the Daleks (1975). They are described as being the discarded results of Davros’ genetic experiments.
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Thenardite is an anhydrous sodium sulfate mineral, Na2SO4 which occurs in arid evaporite environments, specifically lakes and playas. It also occurs in dry caves and old mine workings as an efflorescence and as a crusty sublimate deposit around fumaroles. It occurs in volcanic caves on Mt. Etna, Italy. It was first described in 1825 for an occurrence in the Espartinas Saltworks, Ciempozuelos, Madrid, Spain and was named for the French chemist, Louis Jacques Thénard (1777–1826).
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Their social networks with other formally employed miners help them to obtain access to underground mine workings. Other miners are properly artisanal, opening adits and driving shafts and tunnels using hand tools such as hammers, chisels and spades. They train each other and typically have little or no formal mining experience. Gold-beading quartz vein in interior of an artisanal mine near Low's Creek, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, showing chisel marks from hand-driven chisels in working the mine.
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If in doubt, don't enter. The main mine workings are about 15 minutes walk from the car park and can entertain for the entire day. There are two maps of the mines known to be in existence with the latter from the mid-1990s, prepared by a local surveyor/town planner is considered the most accurate. The area is now the site of Danjera Dam a part of the Shoalhaven water supply and the site of a picnic area.
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Pilot Knob is located in the Arcadia Valley of Iron County, Missouri, between the towns of Ironton and Pilot Knob. Pilot Knob, so named because of its distinctive shape and prominent position, reaches an elevation of rising above the Arcadia Valley floor and has a large deposit of iron ore in its upper regions. Pilot Knob is a peak in the St. Francois Mountains. The mountain was heavily mined in the 19th century, leaving many open mine workings.
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Slit Woods is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Wear Valley district of County Durham, England. It occupies the valley of Middlehope Burn, a tributary of the River Wear, which it joins at Westgate, just south of the site. The site has a variety of habitats, including woodland, calcareous grassland, fen, and revegetated mine workings. The woodland is characterised by ash, Fraxinus excelsior, and wych elm, Ulmus glabra, over an understorey of hazel, Corylus avellana.
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He strikes a deal with the Rani that she may return to Earth at any time to harvest more brain fluid if she helps him achieve this. While the villains are away, the Doctor returns to the washhouse and dodges the booby traps to find a way into the Rani's TARDIS. Her control room contains jars of preserved dinosaur embryos. She summons her ship to the old mine workings using a remote control device, with the Doctor still inside.
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Eleven limestone routes there are listed by the BMC, ranging in grade from Very Severe to E7, and several more have been claimed since the guidebook's publication; a few routes are bolted. Caving takes place in the natural caves, potholes and old mine workings found in the limestone of the White Peak. Peak Cavern, the largest and most important cave system, is even linked to the Speedwell system at Winnats. The largest potholes are Eldon Hole and Nettle Pot.
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By the end of the month, it was in the process of sinking six shafts. Two sections of 180th Tunnelling Company were then attached to 170th Tunnelling Company, and the miners began another three shafts. Mining was carried out in the clay layer to distract the Germans from other mine workings in the chalk. The British tunneling effort over the winter gradually overtook the German mining operation and a plan was made to destroy the German galleries.
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As described by Max Sargent, the tenth of fourteen children of the Sargent family: "We were possibly the best fed people in Australia right through the depression, with butter, cream and milk, cheese, dried fruits and fresh fruits, fresh vegetables the year round, more than what we could use, but no money!" The simple bush architecture of the homestead and the opportunistic nature of the mine workings illustrate the harsh conditions under which the Sargent family lived.
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Bamboo Creek tin mine is an example of small scale, labour-intensive mine operated without the benefit of heavy earth machinery. It was typical of many of the mines in the Northern Territory which operated in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, especially those operated by the Chinese. The remains include the mine workings; the tin processing mill; and the associated domestic and industrial remains. Tin was discovered at Bamboo Creek in 1906 and was mined irregularly until 1955.
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The Roman landscape has been designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The parish was part of the Winterstoke Hundred. After the dissolution of the monasteries, it was granted to Robert May who constructed a substantial house here and one of his descendants John May became High Sheriff of Somerset in 1602. There is further evidence of mine workings in the medieval and Victorian periods, some of which survives within the Blackmoor Nature Reserve owned by Somerset County Council.
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Flow-through ventilation is the main ventilation circuit for the mine. Air enters the mine from surface via a shaft, ventilation raise or adit. The air is distributed through the mine via internal ventilation raises and ramps, and flows are controlled by regulators and permanently mounted ventilation fans. An auxiliary ventilation system takes air from the flow-through system and distributes it to the mine workings via temporarily mounted ventilation fans, Venturi tubes and disposable fabric or steel ducting.
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Charcoal and stonehammers were found inside the tip. The C14 samples place both areas at the Early Bronze Age 2000–1500 BC.O'Brien 1996; Timberlake 1990b; Timberlake 2003b The Great Orme mine exploitation, on the North Wales coast began in the Bronze Age and continued until the nineteenth century. According to remains, mine workings have been traced in the Bryniau, Poethion and Pyllau valley. The dolomitised limestone deposits are rich in copper which early miners must extract mostly by malachite.
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Hislop was born in Duns, Berwickshire on 8 September 1817, the youngest son of Stephen Hislop, a local builder, and his wife, Margaret Thomson. As a boy, he, like his older brother Robert, collected insects in the country around Duns, and rocks such as copper ore from old mine workings. Hislop was educated at Thomas Sherriff's school in Duns. He matriculated from the University of Glasgow in 1838 and completed his MA degree at the University of Edinburgh.
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The elevation near the mouth of South Branch Leach Creek is above sea level. The elevation of the creek's source is between above sea level. Coal is located within the watershed of South Branch Leach Creek. According to the mid-20th-century report Surface-Water Seepage into Anthracite Mines in the Lackawanna Basin, Northern Field: Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania, the estimated rate of surface seepage into mine workings at the creek is per minute per of rainfall.
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This level served two purposes, it drained the coal workings and provided a means of transporting coal out of the mines. The Worsley Navigable Levels developed into an extensive system of underground canals branching from the original level. The mine workings were also accessed by several shafts sunk along the main drainage level providing access for colliers and materials. These included Wood Pit, Ingles Pit and Kempnough Pit in Worsley and Edge Fold Pits and Magnall's Pit in Walkden.
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He was appointed under ill-defined provisions of the Mines and Collieries Act 1842, by Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet, a sole appointee who held the post for 16 years. While he had the title Inspector of Mines, his remit did not require him to inspect mine workings, and he did not go underground. A friend of Harriet Martineau, Tremenheere met William Wordsworth through her in 1845. In 1855 and 1861 Tremenheere made inquiries into the management of bleaching works and lace manufactories.
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Road Crossing on Student Championships Downhill Course. This 8 kilometer loop is graded Red for difficult and covers many of the venue's most popular descents including; Son and Daughter, Big Log and Topography. The latter of which passes the mine workings in the village of Snailbeach. The trail is approximately 8 kilometers in length and was built in partnership with The Eastridge Trail Partnership, Revelation is composed of tight twisty single track, off camber traverses, roots, rocks, ruts, climbs and hairpin bends.
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In 1932 and 1933, coaling operations being carried out at an adjacent mine discovered one body in 1932 and two further bodies in 1933. 72 bodies still remain in the sealed up mineworkings. In 1979, a law was passed, The Mines (Precautions Against Inrushes) Regulations 1979, which dictated that any new coal or mine workings should have a distance of at least between shafts to prevent collapse or flooding. In 2013, UK Coal announced plans for an opencast colliery on the site.
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Colonel Fullarton owned the estate of Bartonholm, which had various mine workings, steam pumping engines and early plateways. The workings were inundated when the coal workings broke through the bed of the River Garnock in 1833.Brotchie, Page 11 The surface of the Garnock was seen to be ruffled and it was discovered that a section of the river bed had collapsed into mineworkings beneath. The river was now flowing into miles of mineworkings of the Bartonholm, Snodgrass, and Longford collieries.
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On the sides of many of the pyrite cubes, small particles and crystals of gold may be observed, and this somewhat novel occurrence makes the ore of special mineralogic interest. The mine workings were situated from the wharf at Snettisham and above high tide water. The ledge has a width of from , averaging about , and is exposed for over in length. Fragments of the enclosing andesite are often included in the vein, and these as well as the quartz carry the gold values.
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In 1858, 14 men and boys died as a result of engine fumes being accidentally pumped into the Primrose Colliery.www.cilybebyll.net documents Accessed 20 May 2013 In 2008 the community council commemorated the 150th anniversary with a plaque on a park bench. On 15 September 2011, water poured into the mine workings at Gleision Colliery, a small scale colliery which had expanded as the price of anthracite had risen. Three miners escaped to the surface, with one taken to Morriston Hospital.
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The southern portal bears a brick date stone of 1884. Another canal tunnel at Castle Mill Basin, now blocked off by a dam, leads under Wren's Nest to two under ground basins, east basin and west basin, and was used to transport limestone from the underground mine workings. Surface quarries were also opened; they outlasted the underground workings and were last used in the early 1920s. The land above the underground workings, together with the surface quarries, became a National Nature Reserve.
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Shepherds station. A branch from Newquay to Treamble had been opened by the Cornwall Minerals Railway on 1 June 1874. When the Truro and Newquay line was constructed a passing loop was installed with two passenger platforms, immediately west of the junction for the Treamble line, which remained a goods line. The new line and the station opened on 2 January 1905 It was remote from any centre of population, and the name derived from former mine workings at the location.
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The Audenried Tunnel discharges into Catawissa Creek near where the Green Mountain Tunnel and the Catawissa Tunnel discharge into the creek. The Audenried Tunnel discharges in a strip mine not far from Catawissa Creek's headwaters. All of the mine workings in the Jeansville Coal Basin likely drain into the tunnel, as does some water from the surface. The discharge from the Audenried Tunnel contributes currently as much as 80% of the acid flowing through Catawissa Creek, with previous studies showing up to 84%.
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Good quality coal was being produced from surface workings and sent down the turnpike road to Galloway. The town grew after James Watt's steam engine had made deeper mine workings feasible, and the completion of the railway in 1858. Apart from the coal mining, there were 8,000 sheep and 800 black cattle on the hills, and plans were afoot for the spinning and weaving of wool. These plans resulted in two woollen mills which flourished for a time in the following century.
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Thirteen conveyances were chartered, including large brakes, buses and horse-drawn carts for their luggage. Trainloads of ballast continued to arrive and though most thought the worst had been seen, the full extent of the subsidence could only be guessed at and no one yet knew when rails might start to be safely relaid. The uppermost level of the mine workings were down and No. 115 was considered to be lost forever. Others speculated that the train was only down.
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The Forest of Dean had been a centre of mineral extraction for centuries. A coal and iron ore industry had been carried on by freeminers, who had certain statutory rights to regulate their own affairs. Stone quarrying was also undertaken in the Forest. In the 18th and 19th centuries the timber of the Forest became an important resource for the construction of ships for the Royal Navy, creating tension with the miners, who required timber for supports in their mine workings.
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The security system then registers the Doctor and Jo's presence in the pipe. Fell, who has actually arranged for the waste to be pumped down the pipe into the abandoned mine workings, is initially reluctant to rescue the two in the pipe. Elgin convinces Fell to help him open the hatch, and the Doctor and Jo escape as the oil waste cascades down the pipe. Fell goes to see Stevens, complaining about a 'headache', and Stevens puts the headphones on Fell.
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Nenagh, the largest town in northern County Tipperary, lies to the west of the Nenagh River, which empties into Lough Derg at Dromineer, 9 km to the north-west, a popular centre for sailing and other water sports. The Silvermine Mountain range lies to the south of the town, with the highest peak being Keeper Hill () at 694 m. The Silvermines have been intermittently mined for silver and base metals for over seven hundred years. Traces of 19th century mine workings remain.
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Moreover, Roman engineers used sequences of reverse overshot water-wheels to dewater mines, and the deep workings at Dolaucothi produced a fragment of such a wheel during the 1930s when deep mining operations were resumed. Sequences of such wheels increased the lift, and one extensive sequence of 16 wheels was found in old Roman mine workings on the Rio Tinto river in the 1920s. The wheels were arranged in pairs and could lift water about from the bottom of the mine there.
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In the early 1900s, Pancoast Creek was clear of culm from its source downstream to its mouth unlike Price Creek, into which it flows. However, Pancoast Creek was discolored by streams of surface water and sewage. The borough of Dickson City once applied for a permit to discharge stormwater into the creek. A mid-20th-century report estimated that the rate of surface water seepage into mine workings at Pancoast Creek was 6.24 gallons per minute per inch of rain.
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The kilns are also relatively complete. The main shaft, which is open, has been built up with an extensive timber retaining wall and a large mullock dump on the down hill side. The mine workings extend up the gully to the southwest of the main shaft and numerous adits, small shafts, holes and collapsed stones are scattered throughout the bush. Several large circular open cuts, thought to be relics from the earliest tin producing days, occur towards the top of the hill.
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The Star of Normanby gold mine workings, comprising a small open cut and a caved shaft, extend across Nuggety Gully about north of Prospect Creek and are in direct association with the retaining walls. A Chinese settlement site is located on Prospect Creek at its junction with Nuggety Gully. The site comprises nine small earth terraces, several containing stone edging and two containing fireplaces. The larger stone fireplace or oven has recently been partially reconstructed and sticks have been placed across the top.
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They left many traces; irrigation works, mine workings, remains of brick buildings, and probably the pottery industry at Kuala Tembeling. Ancient settlements can be traced from Tembeling to as far south as Merchong. Their tracks can also be found in deep hinterland of Jelai, along the Lake Chini, and up to the head-waters of the Rompin. One such settlement was identified as Koli from Geographia (2nd century CE), a thriving port located on the estuary of Kuantan River, where foreign ships stopped to barter and resupply.
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The worst mining accident in Scotland is the 1877 Blantyre mining disaster in Blantyre, Lanarkshire, which claimed 207 lives. Other fatal incidents occurred in the town in 1878 and 1879. Another serious incident occurred in the small Ayrshire mining village of Knockshinnoch in September 1950. For several tense days rescuers battled bravely against all odds to reach the 129 men trapped deep underground when a field above where they were working caved-in, flooding the mine workings with thick liquid peat, cutting off all means of escape.
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The Parade cuts across the easternmost part of Brownhills Common. Immediately to the west of the town is Brownhills Common, a heathland which once formed part of Cannock Forest (also known as "Canke Wood"). Although the forest was felled in the 15th and 16th centuries, the spread of heather and the grazing of sheep led to the creation of a huge area of heathland. The area was affected by mine workings but has now returned to a more natural state and lizards and dragonflies may be observed.
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There are three lodges, one is reserved for fishing, one for water sports such as canoeing and the third is a nature reserve for migratory birds and other wildlife. To the east of the lodges is one of the few sections of the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal that is still in water. The land between is reclaimed from old mine workings, one of which was Farnworth Bridge Collieries. The weir was constructed in the River Croal to provide a water supply for Crompton's Paper Mill.
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There was one fatality. Mining operations after the fire dwindled until 1971 when the Shoalhaven Council finished construction of the Danjera Dam which flooded most of the former town site and the lower mines. Some mine shafts and other diggings, the graveyard (the oldest grave dated 1854) and a stamping battery (five head) can still be seen. Of the 35 or so mine workings accessible by foot (or canoe) some are safe enough for a young child to walk and climb through whilst others are extremely dangerous.
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It suffered from subsidence due to local mine workings and a speed limit was imposed, followed by diversion of all passenger services in 1948 and complete closure of the line in 1952. The viaduct continued to deteriorate and British Rail applied for permission to partly demolish it, as by this time it was grade II listed. This permission was granted and the 14 arches at the northern end of the viaduct were demolished in 1987. Today, the viaduct is owned by BRB (Residuary) Ltd.
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The Grandview Mine, also known as the Last Chance Mine, was operated by Pete Berry from 1892 until 1901 in what later became Grand Canyon National Park. The Grandview Mine Historic District includes what remains of the mine workings and machinery as well as the ruins of a stone house and sleeping shanty. Physical evidence, including low stone walls and construction debris, suggests that several wood structures were also originally present on the site. Pete Berry established Last Chance Mine on Horseshoe Mesa in 1892.
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Today this arsenic contaminates surface water in the area and poses risks to the environment. Sediment samples from surrounding lakes showed elevated concentration levels of nickel, copper and arsenic while water samples exceeded the provincial water quality guideline for cobalt and arsenic. Fish from five of the lakes around Cobalt had mercury concentration which exceeded the consumption limit as well as elevated concentration for arsenic. The Cobalt area is also laced with many miles of underground mine workings, surface trenches, pits and shaft openings.
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The remains of mine workings former than 19th century are concentrated in five areas Ogofau, Niagara, Allt Cwmhenog, Pen- lan-wen and Cwrt-y-Cillion trenches. Furthermore, in the Ogofau region a number of pits came to light. Despite the concentrations of dump and posterior workings the opencasts of Roman period are visible and well preserved. The main one had preserved a depth of 24 metres at least other two opencasts are dated in the same period the co-called "Roman pit" and the "Mitchell pit".
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The place demonstrates unusual technology in the use of a three outlet mortar box, usually associated with tin mining, and the site has the potential to yield more information about nineteenth century milling techniques. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The Alexandra battery is situated on a narrow hillside terrace directly adjacent to the mine workings. The tightly grouped plant and machinery and nine metre high chimney form a compact and easily interpreted site.
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31, 42. The mine workings discovered in the 1970s were attributed by A. K. Hamilton Jenkin to an old tin mine known as Wheal Roots, which had probably been worked between about 1720 and 1780. By 1856 it had become part of the Wendron Consols mine and is shown on the surface plan of that mine as 'old men's workings' meaning that it was at that date considered a very old mine. The mine was worked using horses and water wheels to power all the machinery and to pump water from it.
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Ripley Ville occupied most of the Broom Hall Estate: Broom Hall was a working farmhouse into the 1860s. The northern part of the estate had been acquired by the Great Northern Railway Company (GNR) to build the Bowling Curves that opened in 1867. The site chosen for Ripley Ville had the disadvantage being irregularly shaped with steep gradients. Its central street fell 40 feet over a distance of 300 feet but it was relatively free of old mine workings and contiguous to the urban development along Hall Lane which gave access to the town centre.
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In 2020 these fears came to light when abandoned mine workings subsided below the property, which required repairs from the Coal Authority. The core of the Thoresby furniture collection was retained by the family who built a new house on the other side of the lake, while the remainder was sold at auction by Sotheby's in 1989. After a number of owners it was acquired by Warner Leisure Hotels. The Salvin house had a new bedroom wing added before opening as a 200-room country house hotel with spa facilities in 2000.
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The car park was commissioned as part of the redevelopment of the established market square in Gateshead town centre, and hence was sometimes referred to as the Inner Market Car Park. However the landscaping ultimately created an exposed and unattractive shopping precinct on two levels with poor access. While construction of the car park was in progress subsidence was noticed due to mine workings, but this was overcome. At the same time nearby Newcastle upon Tyne had begun the covered Eldon Square Shopping Centre and this further undermined the long-term success of the development.
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The Dwarves dug too deep, greedy for mithril, and disturbed a demon of great power: a Balrog, which destroyed their kingdom. By the end of the Third Age, Moria had long been abandoned by the Dwarves, and was a place of evil repute. It was dark, in dangerous disrepair, and in its labyrinths lurked Orcs and the Balrog. Scholars have identified likely sources for Tolkien's Moria: he had studied a Latin inscription about a lost ring at the temple of Nodens in Gloucestershire, at a place called Dwarf's Hill full of old mine-workings.
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In 1989-1990 the Green Island motorway was extended northwards up Calton Hill past the Burnside Freezing Works to re-connect with SH1 at Lookout Point. A major extension was completed in 2003 when the 4.5-km Fairfield Bypass was opened. This connected the southern terminus of the Green Island Motorway with the northern end of the Saddle Hill section of SH1. There were several delays in construction of this stretch due to the presence of mine workings that created major difficulties in the stabilisation of the land along the route.
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Regulation of AMD has been vague and enforcement is lacking. AMD from mines that were established before the Resource Management Act 1991 has been allowed to continue. The Tui mine in the Kaimai Range which closed in 1973 is considered one of the worst toxic waste sites in New Zealand and the government has allocated almost $10 million for cleaning up the site. Structural failure of historic underground mine workings have led to subsidence, cracking and collapse on properties in Waihi, a township that has built up around the current open pit.
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Los Santos Run of mine stockpile The plant is primarily based on gravimetric separation, aimed at recovering scheelite, so as to provide a concentrate containing greater than 65% WO3. Current overall plant recovery of scheelite is approximately 60%. The plant is located immediately to the south of the Los Santos Sur pit, near the existing underground portal, in an area close to existing mine workings, the main waste dump and other infrastructure. With improvements in mill recovery, this has meant that specific areas where tailings have historically been deposited still contain economic WO3 grades.
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Location of the Swords and Crystal caves with the gypsum crystals within the idealized block diagram of Naica mine Water-clear selenite crystal "floater" from the Naica Mine. Size: , weight In 1910, miners discovered a cavern beneath the Naica Mine workings, the Cave of Swords (). It is located at a depth of , above the Cave of the Crystals, and contains spectacular, smaller ( long) crystals. It is speculated that at this level, transition temperatures may have fallen much more rapidly, leading to an end in the growth of the crystals.
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After the closure of the Stirling-Alloa- Dunfermline line in 1968 and the Devon Valley Railway in 1973, the town had no passenger railway services for 40 years until 2008. The Stirling-Alloa- Kincardine rail link project was completed in May 2008,. The laying of new track had commenced in September 2006 after much preparatory work, including new drainage works and the grouting of a large number of shallow mine workings. The project also involved the construction of a new bypass road, and a bridge which replaced a level crossing in the town.
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The first known human presence in the territory of San Martín goes back to the neolithic period, as witnessed by tumulus remains found in Os Pedrousos (Teixera). There are also remains of ancient mine workings at Arruñada, Piorno, Covas del Resalao, and in the Sotuelo and Ahío valleys. There are remains of ancient fortified settlements at San Isidro and Pico de la Mina, near to Bousoño, both situated in elevated positions clearly motivated by defensive considerations. The defensive nature is underlined by ditches, walls and stones embedded in the surrounding ground to hinder approach.
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The site was allowed to flood in 1920; it was deep, connected to old mine workings which provided a steady and substantial water flowClements, Page 92 which has to be pumped out continuously to prevent flooding. Ballast and other material from the old Caledonian Railway embankment nearby was used to infill much of the old quarry. The Parkend Quarry produced 'Osmond Stone' which as a form of whinstone was very heat resistant and was used in ovens, furnace linings, etc.Love, Page 46 The Wand House was located near to the Master Gott.
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Part of the underground mine workings are now open to the public as the King Arthur's Labyrinth tourist attraction (a fantasy journey into Arthurian legend taking place on one level of the mine) and the newly launched Corris Mine Explorers. Through the subterranean Corris Mine Explorer expeditions, the working lives of 19th- century Welsh miners can be seen firsthand. Equipment and discarded personal belongings remain untouched as relics of Welsh industry. The landscaped site above ground is also home to the Corris Craft Centre, a retail site from which several craft based shops operate.
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By late 1996 it was clear the ore body was of sufficient size and value to support the mine's return to full production. The reserves were then developed by trackless ramp and lateral development methods using LHD (Load-Haul-Dump) equipment. The working areas outside the West Chance were shut down and salvaged in an orderly fashion and all resources were directed toward the West Chance. By July 1997, the mine workings below the 4000 level were salvaged of all usable equipment and materials and allowed to begin filling with water.
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On the M1 motorway northern route, contracts were awarded for work from Braamfontein through University Ridge to Rockridge Road in Parktown. As the motorway was to cross under Jan Smuts Avenue on this section, work was begun on an underpass. Work that had started on the eastern- bypass, the Berea-Sivewright Street section, was completed. At the southern end of the M1 Goch Street double-decker section, work began on the Westgate Interchange that would connect the M1 and M2 motorways but work was problematic when mine workings below the site became an issue.
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Village Creek is a stream in Madison County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Little Saint Francis River. The stream headwaters arise just south of the Madison - St Francois county line at and an elevation of 1020 feet.Womack, Missouri, 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1959 (1983 rev.) The stream flows south past the mine workings and Mine La Motte then turns southwest to pass just north of Junction City and to its confluence with the Little Saint Francis at (elevation: 606 ft.) northwest of Fredericktown.
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In the early 1900s, Price Creek was a clear stream until it arrived at the Johnson Colliery, where mine water and waste water was drained into it. From this point downstream to its mouth, the creek's streambed was full of a type of anthracite known as culm. The tributary Pancoast Creek is unaffected by culm, but it was affected by streams of surface water and sewage. A mid-20th-century report estimated the volume of surface seepage into mine workings at Price Creek was 4.22 gallons per minute per inch of rainfall.
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Mining was carried out in the clay layer to distract the Germans from other mine workings in the chalk. The British tunneling effort over the winter gradually overtook the German mining operation and a plan was made to destroy the German galleries. By late February 1916, 170th Tunnelling Company had driven deep galleries through the chalk between to within of the German front-line trenches, where four mines were placed underneath the shallower galleries dug by the Germans. An infantry attack was prepared by the 12th Division for 2 March.
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There are hillocks in the north of the parish that mark the sites of other mines.Helen Harris, Industrial archeology of the Peak District (David & Charles,1971) There are also sinkholes present- the most recent appeared in late 2013- believed to result from mine workings. It is probable that mining, whether lead or other mineral, has been an occupation for the people of Foolow since at least the 15th century. Robert Roworth, of Folowe, a miner, appears as owing £4 to Thomas Calton of Chesterfield, in a legal record of 1470.
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At a private bridge approximately upstream of Green Cove Road, the peak annual discharge has a 1 percent chance of reaching 430 cubic feet per second. A mid-20th-century report estimated the volume of surface seepage into mine workings at Hull Creek was 9.53 gallons per minute per inch of rainfall. The rate of streambed seepage in the area was estimated to be 17.02 gallons per minute per inch of rainfall. The rate of seepage is much higher than a number of other streams in the area.
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Wenlock Goldfield has the potential to provide valuable information contributing to an understanding of Queensland's history. Analysis of the spatial positioning of dwelling sites in relation to mine workings, would provide new information about life at isolated mines on Cape York goldfields in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The diversified collection of surviving mining plant has the potential to contribute significantly to our understanding of early to mid- 20th century gold mining techniques. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
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The site was so productive that by 1600BC, there were no other copper mines left open in Britain because they could not compete with the Great Orme. The mine was abandoned and evidence suggests it was not worked again until the late 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Mining began in the late 17th century due to the demand for copper and improved ability to pump water out of the mine. A steam engine was introduced in 1832 and ten years later an 822-metre long tunnel was mined at sea level to drain the deeper mine workings.
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A shaft was dug well back in the defensive system and then a gallery was driven forward, with branch galleries dug at intervals. As the main gallery got close to German defences, the need for silence became paramount, to elude the Germans conducting a similar mining operation. Plans of the mine workings were kept, on which rival German works were plotted, based on mines already sprung and the reports of listeners. When galleries came close, a (a small mine insufficient to disturb the surface) would be planted, to collapse the opponents' gallery and then the digging of the offensive gallery would resume.
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Miners' village in Glendalough In 1795, a local schoolmaster discovered gold in the Aughatinavought River, a tributary of the River Aughrim since renamed Gold Mines River that rises on the slopes of Croghan Kinsella mountain. During the subsequent gold rush, some of gold was recovered from the river by local prospectors, including a single nugget weighing , the largest lump of gold ever discovered in Ireland and Britain. The mine workings were subsequently seized by the British government who extracted a further of gold. Various attempts have been made to locate the motherlode on Croghan Kinsella but to no avail.
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Built largely by volunteers, the new ground had banking around the pitch made from mine workings,Consett Pyramid Passion with two stands erected, one of which was paid for by the £1,150 transfer fee received from Charlton Athletic for Tommy Lumley. The first match at Belle Vue Park was played in August 1950, attracting a record attendance of 7,000 to see a game against Sunderland reserves. One of the stands was later closed, although the steel structure was left in place. The remaining stand consisted of covered bench seating and a small terraced area in front.
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By 16 July, the 1st Canadian Division infantry had transferred from the south-west of Lens to the north- western fringe of Hill 70. On 22 July, the divisional artillery arrived and by 25 July was in position from the south of Liévin to Bully-Grenay, among mine workings, slag heaps and ruined villages, many next to light rail lines, the Canadians having inherited the preliminary work done by I Corps. Wire cutting had been going on since 11 July but there was no time for the fifteen-day preliminary bombardment laid down in the artillery plan of 11 July.
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It was originally a farming village but, with the coming of the collieries in Bagworth and the Coalville area, many miners lived in Thornton too. There was no colliery or mine workings in Thornton and it is understood that underground faults made any coal under Thornton unworkable. Some believe that the collieries of Desford and Bagworth failed to mine below Thornton and thus deny it the ravages of subsidence as it may have caused severe damage to the railway or drained the reservoir, this is hearsay. Bagworth Heath Woods now stands on the site of Desford colliery.
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This river was highly polluted at times in the past and devoid of any fish life along its full length from Sheffield to its confluence with the Barlow Brook due to mine workings discharging into the river. Also, as with other local rivers, it suffered from sewage discharges from storm overflows. It has been cleaned up in recent years, as the water boards have to meet tighter environmental regulations with brown trout making an appearance below Unstone. The flow of the river has been measured using a weir, just below the confluence with the Barlow Brook at Sheepbridge since 1976.
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Most mining operations had ceased by the beginning of the First World War, and Black Friday bushfires destroyed many mine workings in 1939. By the 1990s, the town had become a popular tourist destination, boosted by Lake Eildon (situated adjacent to the Jamieson township and formed by the damming of the Goulburn River) reaching 100% capacity in 1996. However the tourism industry suffered in the early 2000s following a drought which affected Lake Eildon. The drought has proven to be long term and in March 2007, the capacity of the lake reached a historic low of 7.9%.
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At the time of the Roman invasion, the area of present-day Flintshire was inhabited by the Deceangli, one of the Celtic tribes in ancient Britain, with the Cornovii to the east and the Ordovices to the west. Lead and silver mine workings are evident in the area, with several sows of lead found bearing the name 'DECEANGI' inscribed in Roman epigraphy. The Deceangli appear to have surrendered to Roman rule with little resistance. Following Roman Britain, and the emergence of various petty kingdoms, the region had been divided into the Hundred of Englefield (), derived from the Latin Deceangli.
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One or both of these would seem to fit the description in the Old Statistical Account Old Statistical Account - Parish of St. Ninians"The water which comes from the old coal-workings of Bannockburn and Auchenbowie joins the river Bannock, a little below the village of Bannockburn." Little or nothing of these old mine workings, which are not shown on OS maps dated 1896, and are probably much older, is still visible. Several coal seams must have been exposed in the bed or banks of the burn, but all traces have been obscured by later developments such as the mills in that area.
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These tenements are unique since they are built on concrete rafts due to the heavy mine workings in the district from the Garscube Estate. They were planned as four-storey, but due to Scots law they were reduced to three stories. The district is dominated by the Temple gas holders (erected in 1891, now de- commissioned and Category B listed in 2018) which were reputed to be the biggest in the United Kingdom. During the Second World War the Royal Air Force stationed a balloon unit on what is now ex-MoD housing on Dorchester Avenue.
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Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. This technology has been increasingly investigated and employed at sites with soils contaminated heavy metals like with cadmium, lead, aluminum, arsenic and antimony. These metal can cause oxidative stress in plants, destroy cell membrane integrity, interfere with nutrient uptake, inhibit photosynthesis and decrease plant chlorophyll. Phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air.
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On the night of three more German mines were sprung close to . On the night of a German sapper at La Boisselle inadvertently broke into French gallery, which was found to have been charged with explosives; a group of volunteers took racking minutes to dismantle the charge and cut the firing cables. Between April 1915 and January 1916 alone, sixty-one mines were sprung around , some with of explosives. In summer 1915, the French mine workings in the La Boisselle area were taken over by the Royal Engineers as the British moved into the Somme front.
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Many of these workings were once owned by the eighteenth century entrepreneur Ralph Allen (1694–1764). The mines were closed in the 19th century but building work continued above ground, with some roads and houses eventually resting on only a thin crust – in places between only one and two metres deep – above large underground cavities with inadequate support. A five-year central government-funded project began in late 2005 to stabilise and fill the abandoned mine workings. Bath and North East Somerset Council approved the planning application in June 2003 and approximately 760 village properties were included within its boundary.
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The Great Laxey Mine was an extensive system of mine shafts and tunnels, which descended to a depth of 2,200 feet underground. The uppermost level of mine workings, known as the adit, was a series of tunnels extending to a mile and a half, which entered the hillside at ground level, and connected the heads of all the working mine shafts. Within this adit level a railway was provided from 1823, to allow transportation of mined ores from the mine shafts out to the external washing floors and mine yards. The railway was originally hand-operated, with miners pushing small wagons.
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The chalk soil of the Somme was ideal for tunnelling and the British inherited a number of mine workings begun by the French army. The British tunnelling companies placed 19 mines beneath the German front positions and prepared Russian saps from the British front line into no man's land, to be opened at Zero Hour and allow the infantry to attack the German positions from a comparatively short distance. The mines on the Somme were the largest yet in the war. The mines were to destroy the German defences and to provide shelter in no man's land for the advancing infantry.
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Writhlington SSSI () is a 0.5 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near the town of Radstock, Bath and North East Somerset, notified in 1992. This is the site of old mine workings on the Somerset coalfield, including 3,000 tons of Upper Carboniferous spoil from which more than 1,400 insect fossil specimens have been recovered, including the world's earliest known Damselfly. It is a Geological Conservation Review Site, because it has yielded the largest ever collection of Carboniferous insects in Britain. The commonest forms belong to the order Blattodea (cockroaches) and include the extinct families Archimylacris and Mymarommatidae.
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Big Pit Halt railway station with the museum in the background In 1866, the Brynmawr and Blaenavon Railway opened, with access sidings to the mine workings. The line was immediately leased to the London and North Western Railway, allowing coal to be transported directly to the Midlands via the Merthyr, Tredegar and Abergavenny Railway. By 1880, the line had extended south to meet the Great Western Railway at Abersychan & Talywain. Here the line carried on down the valley through Pontypool Crane Street Railway Station to the coast at Newport, and hence to overseas markets via Newport Docks.
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The Highland Range is a mountain range in Lincoln County, Nevada. Nearby ranges include the Bristol Range to the north, the West Range to the northwest, the Ely Springs Range to the west, the Black Canyon Range to the southwest, the Chief Range to the south and the Pioche Hills to the east. Mine workings in the range are associated with the historic Pioche silver mining district.Paul Gemmill (1968) The geology of the ore deposits of the Pioche district, Nevada, in Ore Deposits of the United States 1933-1967, New York: American Institute of Mining Engineers, p.1128-47.
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Steam capstan engine for cable changing Hunslet Austerity 0-6-0ST No. 2758, acts as a gate guard to the museum The complete above ground mine workings remain intact on site, with the steam winding engine from No.2 shaft now electrically driven. Manufactured in 1927, the Worsley Mesne steam winding engine sits in the boiler house with its suite of six Lancashire steam boilers.European Route of Industrial Heritage The engine has two cylinders with a bore of , while the drum is wide. The drum held two ropes each over long, with a breaking strain of 234 tons.
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To this day, there are still more than of old silver-mine workings and tunnels beneath the slopes at Park City Mountain Resort and its neighboring resort, Deer Valley. Treasure Mountain's name was changed to the Park City Ski Area for its fourth season of 1966-67, and in 1996, became known as the Park City Mountain Resort. The resort had grown to include eight peaks and nine bowls, with of skiing and 16 chairlifts. The resort has also developed summer activities including an alpine slide, alpine coaster, zip-lines, and several hiking and biking trails.
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A second British soldier was captured when 1st East Lancashire troops of the 4th Division were wiring in no man's land. The soldier got lost in fog near the River Ancre and blundered into the German lines near the ("beaver colony"). During the summer months, the French mine workings in the area of Ovillers and La Boisselle were taken over by the Royal Engineers as the British moved into the Somme front and great secrecy was maintained to prevent the discovery of the mines. No continuous front line trench ran through , which was defended by posts near the mine shafts.
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However, with a considerable number of old mine workings, some of which have not been charted, this was abandoned. North Bourtreehill has been a troubled community since its inception with several different construction companies being involved, some of which went bankrupt partway through the project. This has resulted in a wide variety of housing styles of varying quality. Since the disbanding of IDC, the houses which had not been sold to private ownership fell under either local council administration (Cunninghame District Council, now North Ayrshire council) or, in some cases, were owned by a housing association.
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After a prisoner drew a map of the German mine workings, the British dug a deep system under the galleries beyond the German lines. On 11 December, several big camouflets were sprung and the German mine galleries were captured, making it impossible for German tunnellers to retaliate and the area was declared safe. On 7 June 1917, the Germans were driven from the area during the Battle of Messines Ridge. The Germans re-took the Bluff during the Spring Offensive of 1918 and it changed hands for the last time on 28 September 1918, after an attack by the 14th (Light) Division.
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An illustration of how the spoil reside from Snaefell would have been crushed in a Ball mill. Although none of the mine workings were re- opened, in 1955 it was thought that re-processing the spoil from the mines could extract a further yield of ore.Isle of Man Times. Friday, September 23, 1955; Section: Front page, Page: 1 A company, Metalliferous Holdings Ltd, had been formed employing 22 men in the undertaking working around the clock. Spoil residue was tipped into an automatic sieve and in turn fed into an 80 ton Ball mill which the company had sourced from the Gold Coast.
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With such extensive damage, the harbour reverted to being a little fishing haven, but the village industries had enough local custom to survive, for a while at least. Surprisingly, a new and important industrial concern opened to the north of the village in 1800- the Lowca engineering company. In 1817, the large tannery at the south end of the village was bought for development as a colliery; the coal being mined some distance inland and brought to Parton along a tunnel called the Parton Drift, which also drained the mine workings. To convey coal to the port of Whitehaven a horse-drawn tramway was built along the foot of the cliffs.
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Poldark Mine is a tourist attraction near the town of Helston in Cornwall, England, UK. It lies within the Wendron Mining District of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site. Its features include underground guided tours through ancient tin mine workings, a museum of industrial heritage, mining equipment and Cornish social history, a scheduled ancient monument and riverside gardens. It opened in 1972 as Wendron Forge and was later known as Ha'penny Park. After an ancient tin mine was discovered on the site it was renamed after Winston Graham's Poldark novels and the BBC television series that was first broadcast in 1975.
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The initial plan was for the line to serve Sheffield directly via a new raised station adjacent to Tinsley Viaduct, near to Meadowhall Interchange. This met with opposition from Sheffield Council, which lobbied for the line to be routed via a spur to the site of the former Sheffield Victoria Station. It was claimed that the initial proposed route, which incorporated a viaduct 6 tracks wide along a two mile long viaduct across the Don valley would have sat on a major geological fault with flooded historic mine workings below. Sheffield Council's alternate route was rejected in favour of a route along existing tracks.
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The first evidence of mining is from bell-shaped pits and monastic mine workings discovered in the 20th Century during tunnelling. Ashington developed from a small hamlet in the 1840s when the Duke of Portland built housing to encourage people escaping the Great Famine of Ireland to come and work at his nearby collieries. As in many other parts of Britain, "deep pit" coal mining in the area declined during the 1980s and 1990s leaving just one colliery, Ellington which closed in January 2005. In 2006 plans for an opencast mine on the outskirts of the town were put forward, although many people objected to it.
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As at 20 November 2006, there had been no apparent attempt to preserve any indicators of the Chinese occupation of the site. Archaeological potential was assessed as low due to the extensive mine workings that cover the site, but some archaeological deposits may be located in some of the less disturbed areas located towards the edges of the site. The preservation of Blackguard Gully as a reserve has meant it is possible to gain an understanding of the use of this site as a Chinese camp, its relation to the European camp at Tipperary and the distance covered by those who marched on 30 June 1861.
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The water produced was used to maintain water levels in the Ashton Canal by draining into the Fairbottom Branch Canal at Fennyfield Bridge, just south of the engine. In 1801 the canal company was approached to contribute to the costs of its refurbishment, work that may have been carried out by Bateman and Sherratt engine builders of Manchester. The original pit appears to have been worked out in the 1820s, although others nearby were working as 'Fairbottom Pits'. Draining the old mine workings and supplying water to the canal kept the engine working after the Cannel Colliery closed until the engine was abandoned in 1826 or 1827.
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No. 21 Maintenance Unit RAF Bomb Storage dump consisted of old gypsum mine workings which had been made into storage for a variety of ordnance; in addition to shells and bombs, the specifications included several types of weapons and up to 500 million rounds of small arms ammunition. Up to 4,000 tonnes exploded, including 3,500 tonnes of bombs packed with high explosives. At 11:15 hours on 27 November 1944, two huge explosions took place at the dump. Eyewitnesses reported seeing two distinct columns of black smoke in the form of a mushroom cloud ascending several thousand feet, and a blaze at the foot of the column.
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It is also worth noting that the other statutory body, the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") have also confirmed (to Maurice McAdam) that "As per your complaint to the EPA, in relation to the EPA Inventory of Disused Mine Sites 2009, this national inventory taken does not account of every mine site but is risk based taken to define the mine waste/spoil sites, the waste geo-chemistry and to account for Public Health and Safety." In the opinion of Dr Andrew, it appears that the two statutory bodies are unaware of the locations of mine workings and their attendant risk and EirGrid have not conducted any form of site investigation.
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The first steam weaving mill was opened in 1828 by James Rothwell Barnes, later becoming a spinning mill. At Nob End a chemical works was founded and the whole area is riddled with old coal mine workings from shallow pits to deep shafts which have all now been capped. The mill at Farnworth passed to William James Rideout who continued the tradition of making paper until the great depression of 1883 when the mill closed and paper manufacture ceased. In 1894, the mill was reopened as a bleach works by J. B. Champion but a few years later the mill once again stood empty.
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Medieval Pinge and ring-shaped bank at a mineshaft on the Ochsenhügel near Suhl in Germany's Thuringian Forest The Pinge of an iron ore pit near Warstein A Pinge (pronounced "pinger", plural: Pingen) or Binge ("binger") is the name given in German-speaking Europe to a wedge-, ditch- or funnel-shaped depression in the terrain caused by mining activity.Joachim Huske: Die Steinkohlenzechen im Ruhrrevier. 3rd edition, German Mining Museum, Bochum, 2006, This depression or sink-hole is frequently caused by the collapse of old underground mine workings that are close to the Earth's surface.Walter Bischoff, Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum, In: Das kleine Bergbaulexikon.
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Edge End is about 1.5 miles NW of Coleford and about 1 mile north of the Royal Forest of Dean College. Originally close to some mine workings, all of which have now closed, the hamlet consists of 62 private dwellings, with no pubs, shops or schools (the one village shop closed some time ago and is now a bed and breakfast establishment). The village is effectively split in half by a village green, which is co-owned by the residents and is maintained by contributions. On the green there is one goalpost and there used to be a small park but it has been taken way.
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OK Copper Mine Smelters, 1907 The smelter works and associated open cut mine workings are located around the base of a small hill, on the southern side of small watercourse. The smelter site comprises four terraces with stone retaining walls, of which there are two main levels. The lowest level, or copper floor, contains a number of items of plant including four copper converter vessels and two converter hoods, a portable steam engine and an Aveling and Porter, Rochester steam traction engine. Below the upper level, or furnace floor, there is evidence of a long brick flue leading to the tall brick chimney which is octagonal in section.
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The Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources created the Abandoned Mine Openings Database, which is an inventory of abandoned mine workings from both underground operations and advanced exploration in the province. In the database, over 600 mining areas have been identified, consisting of over 7,000 shafts, adits, slopes, trenches, and associated underground workings which are or once were open to the surface. The database is updated regularly whenever locations are visited, or new mine openings are identified. The inventory can be filtered by mine opening name, mine opening type, location, claim, reference map, landowner type, commodity mined, county, name of vein or seam, hazard degree and by mine opening original depth.
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Railway No.3 was inspected by Major General C S Hutchinson on behalf of the Board of Trade on 11 October 1878, stating that "I must report that by reason of the incompleteness of the work (viz. the want of a terminal station) the Halifax, Thornton and Keighley Railway and its westerly fork cannot be opened for passenger traffic without danger to the public". Goods trains started to use the line almost immediately, but passenger services were not introduced until 1 December 1879. In 1882, defects were found in the arch and sidewalls at several locations through the tunnel, caused by poor workmanship and the effects of adjacent mine workings.
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The name Hohenheim had been used originally by Hermann Eckstein, one of the first Rand Lords to name his house after the place of his own birth. When Phillips became the head of Eckstein & Co, he moved in to Eckstein's house but due to the expansion of the city decided to build the new Hohenheim in an enviable site further from the mine workings. Sir Lionel Phillips was banished from the Republic for his involvement in the Jameson Raid. It is perhaps fitting that the next occupant of this famous house was none other than Sir Percy Fitzpatrick, the author of the best selling book 'Jock of the Bushveldt'.
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The Memorial to Mick McGahey in Cambuslang He married Catherine Young in 1954 with whom he had two daughters and a son. A heavy smoker for most of his life, McGahey suffered in later years from chronic emphysema and pneumoconiosis. A significant memorial, in the form of mine workings, stands to him at the east end of Cambuslang Main Street and there have been calls in the Scottish Parliament for a more national memorial. On 28 April 2006, in Bonnyrigg, ex-UNISON general secretary Rodney Bickerstaffe unveiled a memorial to mark the 10th Anniversary of McGahey's address to the Midlothian TUC Worker's Memorial Day event in George V Park.
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In November 1937 the Great Western Railway were contracted to build a long raised twin-loading platform at Shockerwick, between Box and Batheaston, with two sidings from the adjacent Bristol-London mainline branching off just outside the eastern entrance to the Box Tunnel at . below and at right angles to this point, the War Office had built a narrow gauge wagon sorting yard. This was attached by a tunnel built by The Cementation Company, descending at a rate of 1:8.5 to the Central Ammunition Depot, housed in the former mine workings. The whole logistics operation was designed to cope with a maximum of of ammunition a day.
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Chinakuri mining area is located in the south-western part of Raniganj Coalfield and is under the administrative control of the Sodepur Area of ECL. The pits of the colliery are located to the north of the Damodar, while the mine workings are to the south. It is the deepest coal mine in India. A total of ten standard coal seams are present in Raniganj Coalfield of which seams R-VII, R-IV, R-X, and partially R-II have been worked or are being worked within the Chinakuri Colliery. In Mine No. 1 galleries and longwall panels were developed till 1994 to a depth of 700 m (2,300 ft).
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Sightings of the Beast of Exmoor were first reported in the 1970s, although the period of its notoriety began in 1983, when a South Molton farmer named Eric Ley claimed to have lost over a hundred sheep in the space of three months, all of them apparently killed by violent throat injuries. There was even a report of the Beast seen "fishing" with its paw into the River Barle at Simonsbath, whilst some locals theorised that its lair might be in old mine workings on the Moor. The Daily Express offered a reward for the capture or slaying of the Beast. Farm animal deaths in the area have been sporadically blamed on the Beast ever since.
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They lived in hill forts running in a chain through the Clwydian Range and their tribal capital was Canovium. Assaults on the Welsh tribes were made under the legate Publius Ostorius Scapula who attacked the Deceangli in 48 AD. They appear to have surrendered with little resistance, unlike the Silures and the Ordovices who put up a long and bitter resistance to Roman rule. No Roman town is known to have existed in the territory of this tribe, though the auxiliary fort of Canovium (Caerhun) was probably in their lands and may have had a civilian settlement around it. Roman mine workings of lead and silver are evident in the regions occupied by the Deceangli.
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Golden Gate Mining and Town Complex was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 14 August 2009 having satisfied the following criteria. The Golden Gate Mining and Town Complex, which contains remnants of mine workings, battery, cyanide plant, township and cemetery, has the potential to provide information on important aspects of Queensland's history, especially early gold mining practices and treatment processes, and patterns of settlement in North Queensland. The Golden Gate Reef was the most productive on the Croydon goldfield and the complex demonstrates the pattern and development of gold mining on this important field. The complex features extensive archaeological evidence relating to a wide range of gold mining and processing activities.
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Calaminarian grassland is grassland where the process of seral succession has been halted due to the toxicity of soils containing high levels of toxic metal ions. These habitats may be semi-natural on naturally exposed deposits, or the result of mining, or from erosion by rivers, sometimes including washed-out mine workings. In the United Kingdom calaminarian grassland is regarded as one of its 'habitats of principal importance for biodiversity conservation' and is predominantly found on industrial or post-industrial land, especially in the east of Cumbria and western dales, the Peak District and north west Wales and parts of the Scottish Highlands. Semi-natural examples are rarer and found mainly in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland.
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The village was founded in spring 1965, hence its name, although local history records that the reason the settlement was so called was because spring was always said to come earlier to this part of Chukotka than any other part of the Okrug.History of Vesenny Twenty years after the foundation of the settlement, it boasted a health center and a clinic, sauna, laundry service, savings bank, two hotels, a kindergarten and 205 children enrolled in secondary school. The location of the settlement was initially not entirely successful. The first buildings were situated too close to the mine workings and so as the village began to grow new buildings were constructed further up the slope.
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New Marske is situated near an area of woodland called Errington Woods, in which are the remains of disused mine workings. There are several farms in the vicinity, and there is a primary school (first opened in the 1970s to replace the old school house) The recent building of housing on the old primary school site has meant that the other school of the village has been extended to cater for the new children and closing of the old school. This new housing reflects the rapid growth of villages in the area. There is a small row of shops known locally as the 'top shops' due to their position uphill from the older part of the village.
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Points Bridge as seen from the south bank of the River Tyne Wylam Railway Bridge (also known as Points Bridge and the Half Moon bridge) is located at Hagg Bank, approximately west of the town. It is a wrought iron bridge built by the Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway Company in 1876 to link the North Wylam Loop with the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway. The original plan had been to build a bridge with four spans resting on three piers on the river bed. This was rejected by the local coal companies who feared that the construction of the piers on the river bed would disturb the shallow mine workings below, which already suffered from flooding.
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The settlement is first recorded (as "Brownhill") on Robert Plot's 1680 map of Staffordshire, at which time it was a hamlet within the manor of Ogley Hay, which in turn was part of the parish of Norton Canes. Ogley Hay itself had existed since at least the 11th century and is mentioned in the Domesday Book, although the 1801 census lists it as having a population of only 8 people. Beyond Ogley Hay lay Catshill, another hamlet which pre- dated Brownhills and which lay within the parish of Shenstone. During the 17th century, shallow mine workings began to develop in the area and in 1759 a turnpike was erected in the Catshill area.
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EirGrid stood by the accuracy and extent of the environmental impact statement and the basis on which they had carried out the research. They said none of the new information would change their assessment which had been done with the help of GSI information and LiDAR technology to provided details of the topography. The assessment they had already made of the Lemgare area which showed the old mine workings extending away from the area where the pylons would be going. In their response document published in December 2015 the company noted that a number of submissions raised issues in respect of the potential of the proposed development to impact on specific mines.
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Demand for charcoal in the smelting process rapidly depleted Gwennap's ancient woodland, leaving a wild, moorland, landscape. Deep exploitation of the tin lodes was not possible with the limited technology of the early modern period as Cornish mines were wet due to the high rainfall of the area. De-watering workings at depth with 'rag and chain pumps', leather bags or 'kibbles' (metal buckets) were all ineffective. Deep lode mining was only made possible by two innovations, the first of which occurred in 1748, when John Williams of Scorrier House initiated the construction of the Great County Adit, a phenomenal feat of engineering, which drained mine workings through a system of adits.
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They migrated to the then British colony of Southern Rhodesia in the 1950s from Northern Rhodesia (the present-day Zambia) and Nyasaland (now Zambia) to work as migrant labourers in the mineral extraction and agricultural industries. During the Zimbabwean government's Gukurahundi campaign against the Ndebele population of southern Zimbabwe in the 1980s, the disused mine workings at Antelope Mine were the site of a concentration camp run by the Fifth Brigade of the Zimbabwean Army. Many prisoners were reported to have been killed and their bodies thrown down the mineshaft. On two instances in 1996 and 1999, skeletal remains believed to be of executed ZAPU prisoners were discovered in the abandoned mineshaft.
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Near Penistone, ochre discharged into the river from old ganister mine workings, giving it an orange colour for about six miles, eventually remedied, while at Beeley Wood, the ochre comes from a pile of waste metal on the river bank. A nearby paper mill has also been a significant polluter of the river. Some of the problem has been mitigated by the construction of lagoons, into which mine discharges have been diverted. Water quality on the Dearne and the Rother has not improved as much as on the Don, and pollution of the lower reaches is compounded by the fact that the pollutants, which include dioxins, are locked up in the river bed sediments.
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The Ochil Fault remained active throughout geological time, and some later movements allowed intrusive eruptions of diorite or quartz-dolerite to rise at various places along its length. An aerial view of the Ochil Fault Modern movements of the fault are very minor but occasionally give rise to discernible earthquakes, particularly in the village of Menstrie, and the town of Tillicoultry. However the latter may be easily confused with the collapse of old room and pillar coal mine workings which undoubtedly underlie the southern part of the town. The Ochil Fault is one of Britain's finest examples of a fault line scarp, and can be best appreciated from vantage points such as the Wallace Monument near Stirling.
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They migrated to the then British colony of Southern Rhodesia in the 1950s from Northern Rhodesia (the present-day Zambia) and Nyasaland (now Zambia) to work as migrant labourers in the mineral extraction and agricultural industries. During the Zimbabwean government's Gukurahundi campaign against the Ndebele population of southern Zimbabwe in the 1980s, the disused mine workings at Antelope Mine were the site of a concentration camp run by the Fifth Brigade of the Zimbabwean Army. Many prisoners were reported to have been killed and their bodies thrown down the mineshaft. On two instances in 1996 and 1999, skeletal remains believed to be of executed ZAPU prisoners were discovered in the abandoned mineshaft.
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Various plans for the sale of the site fell through and it was becoming vandalised and dangerous with the air-raid shelters still remaining and increased subsidence from old mine-workings. In 1962 some of the site was cleared by 213 Field Squadron Royal Engineers (TA) from Cannock and 293 Squadron from Stafford. The remaining buildings in the North-East corner of the site were used by the Army as "No 81 Week End Training Centre" used by Territorial and Cadet units ( a caretaker's bungalow, firing range and some other buildings were added). In 1963 the camp was acquired by Staffordshire council who had the remaining air-raid shelters demolished and the mining subsidence filled in.
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Echo Bay Mines Limited was a Canadian company which was organized in 1964 by Northwest Explorers Limited to develop a silver deposit at Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada, which had been staked in 1930 by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company. The company leased the old Port Radium settlement from Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited and used the old camp and mill to recover silver and copper values from what became known as the Echo Bay Mine. Production in the Echo Bay workings ceased in 1975. The company then reopened the old Eldorado Mine workings and produced more silver and copper until 1981 when low silver prices closed the mine for good.
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Following the closure of the pits there were large areas of the district left derelict, with old mine workings and spoil tips from the last 150 years of industrialisation. Over the last few years these sites have been re mediated and regenerated by open cast mining the remaining surface deposits and reclamation of coal from the old spoil heaps. The sites have then being restored as a mix of parkland, business parks and housing sites. A lot of the work being part funded by EEC Coalfield community regeneration grants, to provide money to help clean up the environmental legacy and fund the creation of job opportunities by providing the infrastructure for developments.
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Its eastern face dominates the Clark River valley, which separates it from Mount Darwin. Because of its position, its appearance and dominance over the Macquarie Harbour just north east of Sarah Island, it was an early named mountain, and no doubt one which gave a sense of barrier to convicts with dreams of escape. Some folklore passed from convict times claim leg irons or other items were found by troops looking for escaped convicts on its slopes. It has no points of access like the nearby mountains, and in general remains relatively untouched compared to the West Coast Range mountains with old mine workings, walking track, and other signs of human activity.
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Beinn Chùirn has two popular routes of ascent and used together they can be utilised for a complete traverse of the hill if transport can be organised. One route starts in the Cononish glen and uses the south east ridge as a means of ascent, passing the old mine workings and waterfalls around the Eas Anie gorge on the way to the summit. The other route starts in Glen Lochy at grid reference , there is no footbridge over the River Lochy but a railway bridge can be used to cross the river if it is in spate. The route then goes through the forest following the water course into the Garbh Choirean and climbing onto the summit ridge.
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The lake at Rowley and the Brun's course onward to Heasandford is an artificial creation of the 1970s. Previously this section of the river flowed further to the west, with the Don collecting Swinden Water before meeting the Brun close to the mill lodge. Bank Hall was formerly the site of a significant coal mine that operated for over 100 years up to 1971, with another near Rowley Hall that operated between 1861 and 1928, and the area was used as a spoil tip for generations. The mine workings caused significant levels of pollution in the river and the diversion scheme also allowed the valley of the old route to be used as a landfill site.
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However, in 1287 he revolted against English rule, and the castle was besieged and captured after a three-week siege by the forces of King Edward I. The English troops numbered 11,000 and methods of assault included the use of a trebuchet and the undermining of the curtain walls. Several English knights were killed when one of the mine workings collapsed while they were inspecting it. Rhys's revolt petered out the following year, and Rhys himself was captured and executed in 1292. Dryslwyn was seized by Owain Glyndŵr in the summer of 1403 and when the English forces recaptured it, they decommissioned it by blocking various access routes, walling up the gatehouse, removing the treads from stone stairs and even removing the hinges from the main gate.
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The Mount Jukes Mine sites were a series of short-lived, small mine workings high on the upper regions of Mount Jukes in the West Coast Range on the West Coast of Tasmania. Upper Lake Jukes, and Lake Jukes had short lived mining companies incorporating the names of the lakes. These mine sites (including Jukes Proprietary on the Northern edge of Mount Jukes above the King River Gorge) are examples of early twentieth century ingenuity where all equipment was transported with difficulty up small tracks from locations such as Crotty. Access to parts of the slopes of Mount Jukes have been assisted by the construction of the Mount Jukes road by the HEC following their construction of the King River Dam and the impoundment of Lake Burbury.
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The line ran from an end-on junction with the MNR west of St. John's, then passed to the north of the IMR station before curving south and crossing the IMR's line from Douglas via an overbridge (the only place where railway crossed railway on the Isle of Man unless one counts the 19-inch gauge Great Laxey Mines Railway tunnel under the Manx Electric Railway) to the east of the station. The line had a fairly constant incline through Waterfall Halt, the only intermediate station, to the terminus in Upper Foxdale. The tracks extended beyond Foxdale into the mine workings area. There were at one time plans to extend the line to join with the IMR's Port Erin line at Ballasalla, but these came to nothing.
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As the men remained trapped underground, rescue teams began to try and reach them before they were engulfed by the encroaching sludge or they were overcome by the rapidly deteriorating air quality and gas. A telephone line to the surface remained intact, allowing the trapped miners to provide details of their location to their rescuers. British Pathe News described this as "a truly remarkable story of how ordinary men worked tirelessly in a race against time and the forces of nature to achieve one of the most dramatic and remarkable rescues ever attempted." After three days, the men were eventually rescued by being led through the old disused gas-filled Bank No. 6 mine workings which ran close to Knockshinnoch.
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Holme Beck becomes visible east of Ned Lane and follows an approximately eastern course until it is joined by a tributary stream from the north. Passing Charles Pit, a former coal mine which was in operation from 1884 to 1925, it turns slightly towards east-southeast, passes some old mine workings on its right bank and passes under the bridge of Scholebrook Lane. Below the bridge and upon entering Park Wood, it is joined from the southwest by Kit Wood Beck which is named after a woodland on its course and whose source is north of Tong High School. Holme Beck turns east-northeast just south of Scholebrook Farm and is joined from the south by Peter's Shrog, a stream coming from a source east of Tong High School.
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The SSSI owes its importance to a rare liverwort, the western rustwort (Marsupella profunda), which in the UK can be found only at this site and at two others: Lower Bostraze and Leswidden and Tregonning Hill SSSIs, both within Cornwall, to the west. It is mostly found growing in moist conditions on micaceous or clay waste substrates with no or little sloping, as well as on soft or crumbling granite rocks. Lansalon Pit, within St Austell Clay Pits Important Plant Area Owing to the presence of the rare western rustwort, Plantlife has designated a large area of active and disused mine workings in the St Austell area as an Important Plant Area, with the same name as the SSSI. This area includes all the SSSI sites, as well as many others.
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The reserve gets its name from the saline water that welled up in the mine workings. In his Natural History of Staffordshire, published in 1686, the naturalist Dr Robert Plot wrote: "in Pensnett Chase South from Dudley about a mile and a half there is another weak brine belonging to the right Honorable Edward Lord Ward, of which his Lordship once attempted to make salt; but the brine proving too weak, he thought fit to desist". In the 19th and early 20th centuries, people came to bathe in the water, which was claimed to have healing properties. The baths were near the present-day Saltwells Inn.. An 1833 publication noted: "in Lady-wood is a valuable spring, called the Spa Well, in high estimation for its efficacy in cutaneous disorders and complaints arising from indigestion".
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In the late 1990s several properties had to be condemned and roads such as Brickfield Road, Pipe Lane, Junction Road and parts of Bulltown Road, Hobson Street, Grey Street, Slevin Street, Newman Street, Barry Road, and main road Seddon Avenue permanently closed after the land under them subsided as a result of the collapse of old underground mine workings, with visible holes and cracks on the surface. In December 2001, a home adjacent to Martha Pit collapsed into historical workings, 14 neighbouring homes were affected, some never able to return to get personal belongings. Another 31 homes were also bought once more areas were identified to be at high, medium or low risk of collapse into historical workings adjacent to the pit. Today the mine's smoko room sits near this site.
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The Lapal Tunnel was regularly affected, and a section near Blackbrook Junction fell into mine workings in 1894. The route was restored, but the short Two Locks Line nearby was abandoned in 1909, and the Lapal Tunnel, which has used a pump and stop- locks to create flows to assist the boats in their passage, suffered the same fate in 1917. Most of the canal was abandoned in the 1960s, but a committee was formed, which became the Dudley Canal Trust, and restoration took place, culminating in the reopening of Dudley Tunnel in 1973. Lapal Tunnel remains closed, and although the Lapal Tunnel Trust originally campaigned for it to be reopened, they have modified their plans to include a surface route, following the conclusion of an engineering study.
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Haldoran believes that the Master is getting his Dalek weapons from DA-17, but in fact he is supplying Haldoran from a private cache of his own and intends to open DA-17, since he has learnt of a powerful secret weapon inside which he intends to seize. Susan manages to escape from her guards and break into the mine workings around DA-17, but is too late to stop the technicians from completing their work. By supplying DA-17 with power the Master was hoping to decode the security locks keeping the Artefact sealed, but in fact he has supplied it with enough power to begin manufacturing new Daleks from its store of raw minerals and Dalek embryos. The Daleks emerge, capture Susan and transform the Master’s guards and technicians into Robomen.
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The Wiradjuri people are the traditional owners of the land around Cadia, the area now known as the Cadia Valley. In the 1860s, mines were opened on either side of Cadiangullong Creek, which flows through the valley into the Belubula River. Cadia developed on its eastern bank, near what became the main crossing of the creek, downstream of the confluence of Cadiangullong Creek with its tributary, Cadia Creek, formerly Rodd's Creek. The first phase of copper mining ended in 1868, resuming again at 'Iron Duke,' the hill also known as 'Big Cadia', between 1882 and 1898. From around the start of new copper mining activity, in 1905, the centre of settlement at Cadia moved northward and uphill, toward the underground copper mine workings, at the location known 'Iron Duke', and closer to the road to Orange.
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The mine workings, battery, and cyanide plant at Golden Gate provides a rare opportunity to examine, through archaeological remains, a wide range of gold mining and processing activities and technologies. The spatial organisation and layout of the complex's extensive archaeological evidence including shafts, machinery and other physical remains has the potential to reveal information about early gold mining operations and provide an understanding of the continuity and change in gold mining practices. Archaeological investigation of the Golden Gate Mining and Town Complex also provides for comparative and complementary research into other gold mining operations on the Croydon goldfield, including Enterprise Battery, Content Mine and the Homeward Bound Battery and Dam. Archaeological investigations at the Golden Gate Mining and Town Complex have potential to answer important research questions about the community's establishment, development, interaction, trade and decline.
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In the same year, however, days after the final game of the season was played against Stourbridge and clinching the title, mine workings under the adjacent cricket ground collapsed, leading to the Sports Ground and the club's stadium being closed down and condemned, forcing the Robins to ground share with a number of different local clubs. There were a number of plans over the next few years for the old ground to be made safe and enable the club's return, but this never happened and by the early 1990s it was decided that the ground would be redeveloped as a business and leisure park. On 24 April 1986 Dudley won the Birmingham Senior Cup against local rivals Willenhall Town 4–2. This was played at West Bromwich Albion's ground, The Hawthorns in front of over 4,000 fans.
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Track and signalling upgrades between Hebden Bridge and Leeds (following on from work already carried out between Littleborough and Manchester) will allow for quicker journey times by the autumn of 2018. The work will see four existing signal boxes between Hebden Bridge and Mill Lane Junction in Bradford closed and signalling control transferred to the Rail Operating Centre at York."Track and signalling works target journey time and capacity" Halifax and District Rail Action Group news article; Retrieved 10 August 2017 The ROC will also take over the operation of the parts of the line through Brighouse and Mirfield currently controlled from Huddersfield and Healey Mills panel boxes. station, between Bradford Interchange and Halifax, reopened on 2 April 2017 after the original opening planned for 2005 was delayed by the discovery of disused mine workings under the station site.
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In 1912, William Crossing, writer and documenter, said that the name High Willes had been thought to have derived from the word huel or wheal meaning mine, but he did not think that very likely as old mine workings were invariably located near to streams. He suggested instead that the name derived from gwylfa, a watching place, noting its similarity with Brown Willy, the name of the highest hill on nearby Bodmin Moor, and suggested that a watch for beacon fires used to be kept here. He also posited a possible link to the word gwili meaning winding or tortuous, but said it was unlikely this was where it originated from. The Place-Names of Devon (1931) notes that the peak was named Hight Wyll in a document of 1532, and was known in 1827 as High Willows.
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Manx Sun. Saturday, March 29, 1873; Page: 16 However the yield realised from the mine workings never compared to that of the company's prospectus and in February 1874, less than a year after its inception, the Maughold Head Mining Company went into liquidation. Despite its operations being confined to the Isle of Man the Maughold Head Mining Company was never registered on the Isle of Man under the Companies' Act.Manx Sun. Saturday, February 10, 1877; Page: 2The company remained in liquidation for a considerable time, the winding up being unable to be undertaken on the Isle of Man as the company was registered in the United Kingdom, a completely separate jurisdiction. A protracted litigation of the creditors against the company continued finally being settled in 1881 following which the company was wound up.Isle of Man Times.
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He researched combustion processes, specifically the suppression of methane explosions in coal mines and suppressing the detonation of fuel-air mixtures in the cylinders of internal combustion engines. In May 1934, scientist published an article in the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics in which he described calculating the frequency of rotation in the newly-studied phenomenon known as spin detonation, where the flame front in combustible gaseous mixtures advances (for example) in a spiral manner along a cylinder, which drew the attention of combustion specialists. He also wrote about experiments concerning the effect of irregularities in the walls of mine workings which caused turbulence that could accelerate flame propagation should combustion occur if the chambers were filled with combustible gases. He gained his Ph.D. in December 1938 with a thesis presented to the Academy: “On the theory of the onset of detonation in gas mixtures”.
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Some examples include Cwmystwyth in West Wales, Halkyn Mountain in Flintshire, Upper Teesdale in County Durham, Oxclose in Tyne and Wear, Caenlochan in eastern Scotland, the Isle of Rhum in western Scotland and Keen of Hamar in Shetland. Situations where such grasslands occur include near-natural, on Serpentine soil and mineral vein outcrops with thin soils; on riverside shingle in areas with high levels of lead and zinc, especially when there has been mining activity upstream; spoil heaps and areas surrounding old mine workings, especially in limestone areas. Species typical of Calaminarian grasslands include spring sandwort (Minuartia verna), field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense), genetically adapted races of species such as thrift (Armeria maritima) and bladder campion (Silene uniflora). Other notable species include Young's helleborine (Epipactis youngiana), forked spleenwort (Asplenium septentrionale), Cornish path-moss (Ditrichum cornubicum), western rustwort (Marsupella profunda), Cephaloziella nicholsonii, Ditrichum plumbicola, Scottish sandwort (Arenaria norvegica) and Shetland mouse-ear (Cerastium nigrescens).
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There were more than forty documented conflicts in the southern half of the Tablelands between the 1830s and 1860s. In 1852 gold was discovered at Rocky River and by 1856 there were 5,000 miners operating there. Gold was discovered at Bakers Creek, Hillgrove in 1857 but it was not until the late 1880s that the recorded population rose to 2,274 and later to almost 3,000 in about 1898. The difficulties and expense of the deep underground mine workings eventually reduced the gold mining here after 1900.HILLGROVE Tourism and History Retrieved on 21-3-2009 Captain Thunderbolt the famous bushranger (Frederick Wordsworth Ward, 1836–1870) who escaped from Cockatoo Island came to the Northern Tablelands, where he robbed properties, mail coaches and hotels in the region. In 1866 the Colonial Secretary's Office posted a reward of £100 for his capture, which was raised to £200 by mid-1867 and £400 in December 1869.
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William Stenson George Stephenson Coal has been mined in the area since the medieval period, a heritage also traceable in the place name Coleorton, and examples of mine workings from these times can be found on the Hough Mill site at Swannington near the Califat Colliery site. A life-sized horse gin has been built on the Hough Mill site and craters can be seen in the ground, where the medieval villagers dug out their allocation of coal. The seam is at ground level in Swannington, but gradually gets deeper between Swannington and the deepest reserves at Bagworth; consequently, it was not until mining technology advanced that shafts were sunk in the district now known as Coalville, beginning with Whitwick in 1824 and at Snibston in 1831. Deep coal mining was pioneered by local engineer William Stenson who sank the Long Lane (Whitwick) Colliery on a relative's farm land in the 1820s.
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Mining of tin and copper was also an industry, but today the derelict mine workings survive only as a World Heritage Site. However, the Camborne School of Mines, which was relocated to Penryn in 2004, is still a world centre of excellence in the field of mining and applied geology and the grant of World Heritage status has attracted funding for conservation and heritage tourism. China clay extraction has also been an important industry in the St Austell area, but this sector has been in decline, and this, coupled with increased mechanisation, has led to a decrease in employment in this sector, although the industry still employs around 2,133 people in Cornwall, and generates over £80 million to the local economy.Imerys Minerals Ltd (2003) Blueprint: Vision for the Future In March 2016, a Canadian company, Strongbow Exploration, had acquired, from administration, a 100% interest in the South Crofty tin mine and the associated mineral rights in Cornwall with the aim of reopening the mine and bringing it back to full production.
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The first construction of a recognisable railway along this route was in 1858 when The Ingleby Ironstone & Freestone Mining Company constructed a narrow gauge line to link existing mining operations with the North Yorkshire and Cleveland Railway at Battersby (then known as Ingleby Junction). Because of the difference in height between the junction at Battersby railway station and the moorland location of the workings, a steep 1 in 5 (20%) incline was located at Ingleby, where trucks would be hauled up the slope to a height of above sea level using the weight of descending full wagons. The length of the incline was and the wagons descended at an average speed of which resulted in a journey time of 3 minutes from top to bottom. When the NY&CR; had been absorbed into the NER, the NER decided to convert the line to standard gauge operations and extend the track from the top of the incline to mine workings at Rosedale run by the Rosedale Ironstone Mining Company, whom the NER had interests in.
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