They allegedly hid the methylamphetamine, cocaine, and ecstasy in bags and tried to disguise it under seaweed, ABC reported.
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According to authorities, the bust is one of the biggest in Australia's history, and the largest seizure of liquid methylamphetamine ever.
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"Methylamphetamine poses -- by far -- the greatest threat to the Australian public of all illicit drug types, and by a significant margin," he said.
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"This largest seizure of liquid methylamphetamine to date is the result of organized criminals targeting the lucrative Australian ice market from offshore," Keenan told reporters.
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Australian Crime Commission NSW State Manager Warren Gray said that joint operations such as this one have a pivotal role to play in the fight against methylamphetamine.
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"The ACC has assessed that methylamphetamine poses — by far — the greatest threat to the Australian public of all illicit drug types, and by a significant margin," he said.
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The tales of three-day freak-outs on STP—21967,22016-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine; the initials stand for Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace—are the stuff of both psychedelic legend and fact.
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"It's well-known that China is a very significant source country for methylamphetamine, not just here in Australia but around the world," said Australian Federal Police (AFP) State Manager NSW Commander Chris Sheehan.
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They found that most of these drugs — including LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine), the active ingredient in ecstasy — increased the number of synapses, branches and dendritic spines on the rat neurons.
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"This has been a complex investigation and we know the methylamphetamine in this import was headed for a clandestine lab in the Sydney Metropolitan area for the extraction process to occur," Acting Assistant Commissioner Stuart Smith said in a statement.
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According to The Age, he faces one charge each of possessing methylamphetamine with intent to sell and possessing stolen or unlawfully obtained property"This arrest sends a strong message to would-be fugitives," an AFP spokesperson said in a statement.
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Australian law enforcement agencies discovered 1.26 billion Australian dollars ($900 million) worth of methylamphetamine hidden in imported boxes of silicon bra inserts and art supplies in the country's largest haul of the illicit drug in its liquid form, officials said Monday.
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"This has been a complex investigation and we know the methylamphetamine in this import was headed for a clandestine lab in the Sydney Metropolitan area for the extraction process to occur," State Crime Commander Stuart Smith said in a statement.
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The 20103-litre haul, which has been described by police as the largest ever seizure of liquid methamphetamine (also known as methylamphetamine) in Australian history, is part of a months-long operation in which the Australian Federal Police (AFP) were monitoring an importation ring based out of Asia.
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The 2015 report, The Australian methylamphetamine market: The national picture, also showed the use of meth has been consistent since 2010 — 2% of respondents had used ice in the last 12 months — with a change in the frequency of use and an increase in the type of methamphetamine from powder to crystal form.
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Ortetamine (INN), also known as 2-methylamphetamine, is a stimulant drug of the amphetamine class. In animal drug discrimination tests it substituted for dextroamphetamine more closely than either 3- or 4-methylamphetamine, although with only around 1/10 the potency of dextroamphetamine itself.
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Medications, such as antihistamines and antidepressants, can also impair salivary flow. Stimulants, most notoriously methylamphetamine, also occlude the flow of saliva to an extreme degree. This is known as meth mouth.
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More recently it has been reported as a novel designer drug. In animal studies, 4-MA was shown to have the lowest rate of self-administration out of a range of similar drugs tested (the others being 3-methylamphetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, and 3-fluoroamphetamine), likely as a result of having the highest potency for releasing serotonin relative to dopamine. More than a dozen deaths were reported throughout Europe in 2012-2013 after consumption of amphetamine ('speed') contaminated with 4-methylamphetamine.
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Davis, CSC Case No. 198434, the California Supreme Court ruled that possession of ecstasy (MDMA or methylenedioxy-methylamphetamine) without additional evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction for possession of a controlled substance (11350 (a) HS).
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Hence, this property is not related to serotonin releasing potency as such, since PAL-287 was reported to be not at all neurotoxic even though it is a powerful 5-HT releasing agent. It is unclear where 4-methylamphetamine fits in on the neurotoxicity scale. The extensive serotonergic neurotoxicity of 4-chloroamphetamine (and its brominated derivative), and the increased serotonergic toxicity of 4-methylamphetamine suggest that para-substitution seems to increase overall serotonergic (neuro)toxicity, compared to amphetamine. Exceptions include 4-MTA, a para- substituted, non-neurotoxic amphetamine.
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4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA; PAL-313; Aptrol; p-TAP) is a stimulant and anorectic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. In vitro, it acts as a potent and balanced serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent with Ki affinity values of 53.4nM, 22.2nM, and 44.1nM at the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters, respectively. However, more recent in vivo studies that involved performing microdialysis on rats showed a different trend. These studies showed that 4-methylamphetamine is much more potent at elevating serotonin (~18 x baseline) relative to dopamine (~5 x baseline).
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Methoxyphenamine (trade names ASMI, Euspirol, Orthoxine, Ortodrinex, Proasma), also known as 2-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine (OMMA), is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist of the amphetamine class used as a bronchodilator. It acts as an anti- inflammatory in rats.
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3,4-Dimethoxy-N-methylamphetamine (DMMA) is a psychoactive drug and research chemical of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It appears to act as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), although it is significantly less potent than MDMA.
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In 2011 Thornberry was jailed for two years drug and gun possession. During a search for erratic driving in Brisbane, police uncovered several bags of methylamphetamine and a loaded semi-automatic pistol. Thornberry had been arrested for drug possession on previous occasions.
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Ecstasy Rising is an ABC News television documentary with Peter Jennings on the history of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine) also known as ecstasy. It includes a short history of the drug and criticizes the negative health claims made by the U.S. government.
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Halting steps mark bikie battle, au.news.yahoo.com; accessed 1 September 2015. Operation Baystone resulted in Milenkovski, Yavuz Ozan, Hao Bi, and Mark Vick Kitos being charged with various drug offences. The operation seized 7.5 kilograms of methylamphetamine imported into Western Australia from New South Wales.
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Methyl-DMA (2,5-dimethoxy-N-methylamphetamine) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and substituted methamphetamine. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL, the minimum dosage is listed as 250 mg, and the duration unknown.Methyl-DMA entry in PiHKAL Methyl-DMA produces slight paresthesia.
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IRIS (2-methoxy-5-ethoxy-4-methylamphetamine) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted amphetamine. It is also the 5-ethoxy analog of DOM. IRIS was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL, the minimum dosage is listed as 9 mg, and the duration unknown.
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3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine (MMA) is an entactogen and psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes. It was first synthesized in 1970 and was encountered as a street drug in Italy in the same decade.de Zorzi C, Cavalli A, Un nuovo allucinogeno: la MMA (p-metil-m-metossi anfetamina) Zacchia. 1974;49 (1) p.
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3,4-Ethylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (EDMA) is an entactogen drug of the methamphetamine class. It is an analogue of MDMA where the methylenedioxy ring has been replaced by an ethylenedioxy ring. EDMA was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL, the dosage is listed as 150–250 mg, and the duration listed as 3–5 hours.
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Hungarian researcher Lajos Rosza wrote that records of Hungary's State Defense Council meetings from 1962 to 1978 suggest that the Warsaw Pact forum had considered a psychochemical agent such as methylamphetamine as a possible weapon.Rózsa L 2009 A psychochemical weapon considered by the Warsaw Pact: a research note. Substance Use & Misuse, 44, 172-178. accessed: 30-03-2009.
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Pholedrine (Paredrinol, Pulsotyl, Veritol), also known as 4-hydroxy-N- methylamphetamine (4-HMA), 4-hydroxymethamphetamine, and para- hydroxymethamphetamine,P-HYDROXYMETHAMPHETAMINE CAS#: 370-14-9 is a drug that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. It is administered as a topical eye drop form for the purpose of dilating the pupil and can be used to diagnose Horner's syndrome.
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Methyl-DOB, or 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-methylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. It is similar in structure to DOB. Methyl-DOB was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved), the minimum dosage is listed as 8 mg, and the effects onset begin after 3 hours and last up to 36 hours.
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Beatrice (also known as MDO-D, MDOM, 2C-D, and 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxymethamphetamine) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. It is a substituted methamphetamine and a homolog of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM). Beatrice was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL, the minimum dosage is listed as 30 mg, and the duration listed as 6–10 hours.
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Criminal operations reported to be run by Room 39 include trafficking fake US dollars, peddling bogus Viagra, exporting the recreational drug N-methylamphetamine and obtaining Russian oil using dealers in Singapore. At some point, transactions and trade by Office 39 reached 25 to 50% of the total of North Korea. In 2009, a Washington Post report outlined a global insurance fraud scheme by the North Korean government.
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On 31 August 2016, Ziad Jneid and Rabih Jneid were convicted and sentenced by the Perth District Court after both pleading guilty before trial for their roles in the supply of almost and almost , respectively, of methylamphetamine in 2014. Ziad Jneid received fourteen-and- a-half years' imprisonment and Rabih Jneid received 15 years' imprisonment. Both were described as being upper-echelon drug suppliers motivated by greed.
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TOM, or methylthio-methyl-methoxyamphetamine, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs and substituted amphetamines with the molecular formula C12H19NOS. 2-TOM and 5-TOM are the 2- and 5-methylthio analogs of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), respectively. They were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin and described in his book PiHKAL.2-TOM entry in PiHKAL5-TOM entry in PiHKAL Very little is known about their dangers or toxicity.
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4-Ethylamphetamine (4-EA) is a substituted amphetamine derivative which has been sold as a designer drug. It is mainly known as a synthetic intermediate used as a building block to manufacture larger molecules, but 4-EA is closely related in chemical structure to designer drugs such as 4-methylamphetamine and 4-ethylmethcathinone, and is both a synthetic precursor and a metabolite of the 25-NB derivative 4-EA-NBOMe.
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Substituted phenethylamines are a chemical class of organic compounds based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Many substituted phenethylamines are psychoactive drugs, which belong to a variety of different drug classes, including central nervous system stimulants (e.g., amphetamine), hallucinogens (e.g., 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine), entactogens (e.g.
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3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDHMA; FLEA) is an entactogen, psychedelic, and stimulant of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It is the N-hydroxy homologue of MDMA ("Ecstasy"), and the N-methyl homologue of MDOH. MDHMA was first synthesized and assayed by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved), Shulgin listed the dosage range as 100–160 mg, and the duration as approximately 4–8 hours.
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"Severe dopaminergic neurotoxicity in primates after a common recreational dose regimen of MDMA3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) is the chemical name for the psychotropic drug commonly known as "ecstasy". ("ecstasy")", was a paper by Dr. George Ricaurte which was published in the leading journal Science, and later retracted. The reason was that instead of using MDMA, methamphetamine had been used in the test. The retraction of the paper led to questions over its publication.
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2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane (also known as β-methylamphetamine) is a stimulant of the phenethylamine class that is closely related to its α-methyl analog Pentorex. It was first synthesized by the German scientists Felix Haffner and Fritz Sommer in 1939 as a stimulant with milder effects, shorter duration, lower toxicity and fewer side effects compared to previously known drugs such as amphetamine. 2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane is banned in some countries as a structural isomer of methamphetamine.
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2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM; known on the street as STP, standing for "Serenity, Tranquility and Peace") is a psychedelic and a substituted amphetamine. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, and later reported in his book PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. DOM is classified as a Schedule I substance in the United States, and is similarly controlled in other parts of the world. Internationally, it is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
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The 2012 United Nations World Drug Report published data that indicated that Australia has one of the highest global prevalence of cannabis use. The report also stated that cocaine use had increased over the four years leading up to 2012. The use of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA), more commonly known as "Ecstasy", declined from 3.7 per cent to 3.0 percent between 2007 and 2010; however, the highest number of manufacturing laboratory interceptions occurred in Australia during this period.
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The activity of amphetamine-type stimulants depends on their unsubstituted phenyl ring, alphy methyl group, primary amino group and two-carbon side-chain that connects the primary amino group and the phenyl ring. Hallucinogenic activity of ATS are often caused by multiple substitutions on the phenyl ring, examples include 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine. When the methoxy group is substituted in the para position of the ATS molecule, the hallucinogenic potency will become significantly high.
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In 2014 brothers Ziad Jneid and Rabih Jneid were arrested and charged as part of a drug syndicate co-ordinating the distribution of drugs ( of crystal methylamphetamine) across the Perth metropolitan area. Ziad and Rabih Jneid were charged with conspiracy to sell or supply a prohibited drug. Two other men also charged with supplying a prohibited drug. Ziad Jneid has repeatedly denied any role in a Lebanese crime gang operating in Perth called the Sword Boys.
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In 2014, the Police used drug-detection dogs to passively searched 1100 of the 8000 people that attended the Big Pineapple Music Festival. This resulted in a detection rate of 7.2%, with 80 people testing positive for drugs. Of these 80, 18 law breakers were identified and charged with 19 drug offenses. 18 people were charged with possession of dangerous drugs, including MDMA, ecstasy, cannabis, methylamphetamine and cocaine, and 1 person received an additional charge of possession of a dangerous weapon (knife).
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MDDM produces only mild effects that are not well characterized in PiHKAL. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of MDDM. This compound is however occasionally encountered as an impurity in 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) which has been synthesized by methylation of MDA using methylating reagents such as methyl iodide. An excess of reagent or a reaction temperature that is too high results in some double methylation of the amine nitrogen, yielding MDDM as well as MDMA.
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The most common cocaine adulterants found in 1998 in samples in Rome, Italy were lidocaine and caffeine. Cocaine is sometimes mixed with methylamphetamine, methylphenidate, and ephedrine, but is usually mixed with non psychoactive chemicals such as mannitol, inositol, pectin, glucose, lactose, saccharin, white rice flour, and maltodextrin. Other of agranulocytosis, including 2 deaths, according to an alert from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The emergence of fentanyl-laced cocaine has led to an increase in cocaine overdose fatalities in New York City.
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Black market ecstasy pills are frequently found to contain other drugs in place of or in addition to methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA). Since the slang term "ecstasy" usually refers only to MDMA, any pill which contains other compounds may be considered adulterated. 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA), amphetamine, methylamphetamine, benzylpiperazine (BZP), trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), caffeine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and dextromethorphan (DXM) are all commonly found in pills being sold as ecstasy. Less common drugs in ecstasy include diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, 5-MeO-DiPT, 2C-B, procaine, and phencyclidine (PCP).
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6-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (6-Methyl-MDA) is an entactogen and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine class. It was first synthesized in the late 1990s by a team including David E. Nichols at Purdue University while investigating derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA). 6-Methyl-MDA has IC50 values of 783 nM, 28,300 nM, and 4,602 nM for inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in rat synaptosomes. In animal studies it substitutes for MBDB, MMAI, LSD, and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), though not amphetamine, but only partially and at high doses.
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The subjective effects of 4-fluoroamphetamine include euphoria which some find similar to the effects of MDMA and amphetamine, increased energy (stimulation), mood elevation, feelings of warmth and empathy, excessive talking, bruxism, and suppressed appetite (anorexic). The general course of effects involves primarily empathogenic effects for the first few hours, which fades out as increased stimulation develops over the next several hours. The dopamine reuptake inhibition produced by 4-FA is stronger than that of either 4-CA or 4-IA. 4-FA also produces less hyperthermia than similar compounds such as PMA, 3-MTA and 4-methylamphetamine.
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Howlett received 2 years' imprisonment with 20 months suspended, with Justice Peter Underwood noting, "I have not heard such convincing evidence of self-motivated rehabilitation by a prison inmate". On 24 March 2010, Howlett pleaded guilty to trafficking in methylamphetamine, after a "sting" operation saw him exchange 27.1 grams of the drug and $4,100 for five pistols. Howlett received 2 years' imprisonment for this crime. On 24 June 2018 Howlett took a taxi to the corner of Liverpool Street and Harrington Street, and walked a short distance to Pablos cocktail bar whilst his face was smeared with red war- paint, and armed with a 7.2 × 39-mm-calibre self-loading rifle, fitted with a bayonet.
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Examples of SNDRAs include specific amphetamines such as MDMA, MDA, 4-methylamphetamine, methamphetamine (in high doses), certain substituted benzofurans such as 5-APB and 6-APB, naphthylisopropylamine; cathinones such as mephedrone and methylone; tryptamines such as αMT and αET; along with agents of other chemical classes such as 4,4'-DMAR, and 5-IAI.Bruce E. Blough, Richard Rothman, Antonio Landavazo, Kevin M. Page, Ann Marie Decker. Phenylmorpholines and analogues thereof. US Patent 2013/0203752 αET and αMT are of special notability among SNDRAs in that those tryptamines were once used as pharmaceutical drugs, specifically as antidepressants, but were withdrawn shortly after introduction in the 1960s due to problems with toxicity and recreational use.
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Simpson's burial service took place at the 12th- century All Saints Parish Church, Harworth. Initial media reports suggested that Simpson's death was caused by heat exhaustion, until, on 31 July 1967, British journalist J. L. Manning of the Daily Mail broke the news about a formal connection between drugs and Simpson's death: "Tommy Simpson rode to his death in the Tour de France so doped that he did not know he had reached the limit of his endurance. He died in the saddle, slowly asphyxiated by intense effort in a heatwave after taking methylamphetamine drugs and alcoholic stimulants." French authorities confirmed that Simpson had traces of amphetamine in his body, impairing his judgement and allowing him to push his body beyond its limit.
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Bruno and Nuno Da Silva, two Portuguese immigrant twin brothers and former Brisbane Hells Angels members, were arrested following a police surveillance operation and pleaded guilty to trafficking methylamphetamine from June 2012 to October 2013. The brothers operated from an East Brisbane locksmith business and passed a percentage of their drug earnings to the Hells Angels at weekly meetings, although they had left the club at the time of their arrest. In December 2015, Bruno was sentenced to nine years imprisonment, while Nuno was sentenced to seven years. In 2012, Peter Sidirourgos and Zeljko "Steve" Mitrovic, both senior Hells Angels members in Sydney, were granted Nomad status and spearheaded a push into the Gold Coast, founding a chapter in the suburb of Burleigh Heads.
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The C&ED; and the Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) are responsible for anti-drug law enforcement. Seizures of illicit drugs in 2003 included 52.87 kilograms of heroin, 562.15 kilograms of herbal cannabis, 24.46 kilograms of cannabis resin, 8.33 kilograms of cocaine, 41.1 kilograms and 1,272 tablets of methylamphetamine, 35.56 kilograms and 141,038 tablets of ecstasy-type tablets (MDMA, etc.), 51.3 kilograms and 238 tablets of ketamine, and substantial quantities of various narcotics, analgesics and tranquillisers. A total of 8,652 persons were arrested for drug offences, including 2,827 for major offences such as drug trafficking and manufacturing, with the remaining 5,825 for minor offences such as possession of illicit drugs. As well as intercepting smuggled drugs at entry/exit control points, the department launches proactive investigations and surveillance operations on syndicated drug trafficking activities throughout Hong Kong.
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3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-oneRegulation (EC) No 273/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 on drug precursors or piperonyl methyl ketone (MDP2P or PMK) is a chemical compound consisting of a phenylacetone moiety substituted with a methylenedioxy functional group. It is commonly synthesized from either safrole (which, for comparison, is 3-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-2-propene) or its isomer isosafrole via oxidation using the Wacker oxidation or peroxyacid oxidation methods. MDP2P is unstable at room temperature and must be kept in the freezer in order to be preserved properly. MDP2P is a precursor in the chemical synthesis of the methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDxx) class of compounds, the classic example of which is 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA), and is also an intermediate between the MDxx family and their slightly more distant precursor safrole or isosafrole.
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UWA-001 (also known as α-phenyl-MDMA and methylenedioxymephenidine) is a phenethylamine derivative invented at the University of Western Australia as non-toxic alternative to 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and researched as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease. It has a 5-HT2A receptor affinity of 1.2 μM (∼10-fold increase compared to MDMA), 1.3 μM for the serotonin transporter (∼4-fold decrease compared to MDMA), 13.4 μM for the norepinephrine transporter (∼26-fold increase compared to MDMA) and virtually no affinity for the dopamine transporter (>50 μM). Unlike MDMA and para- methoxyamphetamine (but similarly to ketamine), UWA-001 increases prepulse inhibition and was therefore considered to be non-psychoactive, though it was not assayed at other binding sites. It is toxic to the SH-SY5Y cell line at high concentrations, however significantly less toxic than MDMA at all concentrations tested.
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The concert was to take place at the Yotsukaido Cultural Hall in Tokyo, Japan's capital. Namubiru was found carrying ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine), the drug was concealed in her luggage. She was transferred from the Tokyo airport detention facility to a police station in Central Tokyo where she recorded a statement in connection to the possession of MDMA commonly known as "ecstasy" (being in possession of this drug is a crime in Japan); she however denied any knowledge of the drug. On 24 May 2013, at a hearing in Japan, the court did not find her guilty of drug-trafficking charges as the evidence provided by the state was not enough to pin the star to the level of a drug dealer, and so, now that the court had found Namubiru to be innocent, police in Japan had her cleared of drug trafficking charges and set her free.
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Both terms adopted and used in naming the class of therapeutic drugs for MDMA and related compounds were chosen with the intention of providing some reflection of the reported psychological effects associated with drugs in the classification and distinguishing these compounds from classical psychedelic drugs such as LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin and major stimulants, such as methamphetamine and amphetamine. Chemically, MDMA is classified as a substituted amphetamine (which includes stimulants like dextroamphetamine and psychedelics like 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine), which makes MDMA a substituted phenethylamine (which includes other stimulants like methylphenidate and other psychedelics like mescaline) by the definition of amphetamine. While chemically related both to psychedelics and stimulants, the psychological effects experienced with MDMA were reported to provide obvious and striking aspects of personal relatedness, feelings of connectedness, communion with others, and ability to feel what others feel—in short an empathic resonance is consistently evoked. While psychedelics like LSD may sometimes yield effects of empathic resonance, these effects tend to be momentary and likely passed over on the way to some other dimension or interest.
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