For example, a galvanized and painted copper plate could fill in the missing eye socket and neighboring maxillary bone.
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The point of junction of the maxillary bone, lacrimal bone, and frontal bone is named the dacryon.
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Mouth terminal, protrusible, forming a tubular structure composed of two supramaxillary bones, which are associated with the maxillary bone.
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The cause is usually a direct blow to the malar eminence of the cheek during assault. The paired zygomas each have two attachments to the cranium, and two attachments to the maxilla, making up the orbital floors and lateral walls. These complexes are referred to as the zygomaticomaxillary complex. The upper and transverse maxillary bone has the zygomaticomaxillary and zygomaticotemporal sutures, while the lateral and vertical maxillary bone has the zygomaticomaxillary and frontozygomatic sutures.
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Steppan, 1995, p. 29 It is part of the maxillary bone, or upper jaw, which also contains the upper cheekteeth. Primitively, rodents have a nearly horizontal zygomatic plate.Wood, 1935, p.
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Fungal keratitis (corneal infection) can be caused by members of the black Aspergilli including A. tubingensis. Aspergillus tubingensis has also been implicated in the infection of maxillary bone following a tooth extraction.
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Zygoma implants (or zygomatic implants) are different from conventional dental implants in that they anchor in to the zygomatic bone (cheek bone) rather than the maxilla (upper jaw). They may be used when maxillary bone quality or quantity is inadequate for the placement of regular dental implants. Inadequate maxillary bone volume may be due to bone resorption as well as to pneumatization of the maxillary sinus or to a combination of both. The minimal bone height for a standard implant placement in the posterior region of the upper jaw should be about 10 mm to ensure acceptable implant survival.
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From the anterior extremity of the gland, the duct passes below the eye and above the maxillary bone, to the basal orifice of the venom fang, which is ensheathed in a thick fold of mucous membrane. By means of the movable maxillary bone hinged to the prefrontal bone and connected with the transverse bone, which is pushed forward by muscles set in action by the opening of the mouth, the fang is erected and the venom discharged through the distal orifice. When the snake bites, the jaws close and the muscles surrounding the gland contract, causing venom to be ejected via the fangs.
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The most common method to reconstruct the midface is by using the fracture/ incision lines described by René Le Fort. When the cleft involves the maxilla, it is likely that the impaired growth will result in a smaller maxillary bone in all 3 dimensions (height, projection, width).
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Most members of the family are all small. While the giant killifish (Fundulus grandissimus) and northern studfish (Fundulus catenatus) can reach in length, most species are under 10 cm in length. The distinguishing characteristic of the family is the maxillary bone, which is twisted instead of being straight.
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In human anatomy, the infraorbital foramen is an opening in the maxillary bone of the skull located below the infraorbital margin of the orbit. It transmits the infraorbital artery and vein, and the infraorbital nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve. It is typically from the infraorbital margin.
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The premaxillary bones each house a single incisor, which is located at the front tip. They end in a V shape at the front margin and in a narrow point at the back margin. Inside each premaxilla is a large opening, the anterior palatal foramen. The maxillary bone contains the other upper teeth.
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Illustration of P. grandicomis sexual dimorphism. Typically the length of the protruding maxillary bone of blennies is longer in males than in females of the same species, however, proportional differences are maintained among species. the horned blenny, both male and female have their horns located on the anterior half of the skull orbit.
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Engis 2 lateral view 1 - skull in profile, 2 - frontal view, 3 - upper incisor, 4 - upper jaw fragment, 5 - maxillary bone, 6 - fragment of lower jaw Engis 2 refers to part of an assemblage, discovered in 1829 by Dutch physician and naturalist Philippe-Charles Schmerling in the lower of the Schmerling Caves. The pieces that make up Engis 2 are a partially preserved calvaria (cranium) and associated fragments of an upper and a lower jaw, a maxillary bone and an upper incisor tooth of a two to three year old Neanderthal child. The Schmerling Caves are situated just north of the Belgian municipality Engis, whence the name of this group. In 1833 Schmerling described and publicized the find, which included animal bones and stone tools.
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Distalization in the maxillary arch is easier than the mandibular arch because maxillary bone has more trabecular bone than the mandible, which has higher percentage of cortical bone. One of the most popular devices that is used to distalize molars is known as Pendulum appliance and Pendex Appliance. These were developed by Hilgers in 1990.
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Individuals of most species that develop them normally have four, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most species, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. The four canines in humans are the two maxillary canines and the two mandibular canines.
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The inferior oblique muscle or obliquus oculi inferior is a thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit. The inferior oblique is an extraocular muscle, and is attached to the maxillary bone (origin) and the posterior, inferior, lateral surface of the eye (insertion). The inferior oblique is innervated by the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve.
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The ability and degree of regeneration in reptiles differs among the various species, but the most notable and well-studied occurrence is tail-regeneration in lizards. In addition to lizards, regeneration has been observed in the tails and maxillary bone of crocodiles and adult neurogenesis has also been noted. Tail regeneration has never been observed in snakes. Lizards possess the highest regenerative capacity as a group.
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Lamarquesaurus is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Patagonia. It is known from a single species, Lamarquesaurus cabazai. This genus and species is represented by MML-PV-42, a well-preserved right maxillary bone (including 10 teeth of varying completeness). This bone was found at the Cerro Tortuga site near Lamarque, Argentina, which preserves fossils from the Cretaceous Allen Formation.
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C. senezensis (Martin 1973) is represented by two maxillary bone fragments. This medium-sized canid was discovered in Senez, France and dated 2.1-2.0 million years ago. In 2011, a study compared all of the 55 Early Pleistocene wolf-like specimens found across Europe and found that their morphometric variation was no different than that of modern wolf populations, with their difference in size representing male and female specimens. However, the study proposed two lineages.
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The palehead blenny lacks an opercular ocellus, which is a colored spot on the head resembling an eye. This feature is common of shorefishes in the greater Caribbean area, so this is one of the markers that Gobioclinus gobio is a non-endemic species. The blenny's jaw, or maxillary bone, is exposed posteriorly, and has multiple layers of teeth. The outer row consists of large teeth resembling canines or incisors in the upper jaw.
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Zygoma implants take the anchorage from the zygoma/zygomatic bone (cheek bone). The Zygomatic bone is denser in quality and more cortical in nature than posterior maxillary bone. Because of the sturdy anchorage achievable in the dense bone of the zygomatic region, and the wide stress distribution achieved on these tilted implants, a prosthesis can often be immediately placed at the time of surgery . The Zygoma implant is available in lengths ranging from 30 to 52.5 mm.
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Sea kraits are semiaquatic, so have morphological adaptations to both land and sea. Laticauda species show traits intermediate between those of sea snakes and terrestrial elapids. They have a vertically flattened and paddle-shaped tail (similar to sea snakes) and laterally positioned nostrils and broad, laterally expanded ventral scales (similar to terrestrial elapids). Their body has a striped pattern, nasal scales are separated by inter-nasals scales, and the maxillary bone extends forwards beyond the palatine bone.
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Rabbit Dental Diseases , hosted on the San Diego Chapter of the House Rabbit Society. Page accessed April 9, 2007. Rabbits have a total of 6 incisors (two upper and one lower on either side), three upper premolars on each side of the maxillary bone (total of six), three upper molars on each side, two lower premolars on each side of the jaw, and two lower molars on each side of the jaw. There are no canines.
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It was originally described by Oldfield Thomas as a subspecies of Oryzomys albigularis. It remained synonymized under this speciesMusser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1145 until it was recognized as a separate species when the genus Nephelomys was established for Oryzomys albigularis and related species in 2006. Unlike in the type species of the genus, N. albigularis, the lacrimal bone of the skull is connected primarily to the maxillary bone, not equally to the maxillary and frontal bones.
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The seven bones that form the orbit: yellow = Frontal bone green = Lacrimal bone brown = Ethmoid bone blue = Zygomatic bone purple = Maxillary bone aqua = Palatine bone red = Sphenoid bone teal = Nasal bone (illustrated but not part of the orbit) The bony walls of the orbital canal in humans do not derive from a single bone, but a mosaic of seven embryologically distinct structures: the zygomatic bone laterally, the sphenoid bone, with its lesser wing forming the optic canal and its greater wing forming the lateral posterior portion of the bony orbital process, the maxillary bone inferiorly and medially which, along with the lacrimal and ethmoid bones, forms the medial wall of the orbital canal. The ethmoid air cells are extremely thin, and form a structure known as the lamina papyracea, the most delicate bony structure in the skull, and one of the most commonly fractured bones in orbital trauma. The lacrimal bone also contains the nasolacrimal duct. The superior bony margin of the orbital rim, otherwise known as the orbital process, is formed by the frontal bone.
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The lateral view of a king cobra's skull showing fangs All elapids have a pair of proteroglyphous fangs to inject venom from glands located towards the rear of the upper jaw. The fangs, which are enlarged and hollow, are the first two teeth on each maxillary bone. Usually only one fang is in place on each side at any time. The maxilla is intermediate in both length and mobility between typical colubrids (long, less mobile) and viperids (very short, highly mobile).
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The species within the genus Gymnocephalus have a number of characters in common including that their dorsal fins are not completely separate, they have enlarged canals extending from the lateral line on their heads, the preorbital bone covers the maxillary bone, presence of setiform or bristle-like teeth, having very few or no vomerine and palatine teeth and the possession of three paired bones in the neck, known as extrascapulars, in their lateral line system, of which, two are simple tubes.
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At age 1–7 years the child is regularly reviewed by the cleft team. Age 7–12 years, for the children born with alveolar clefts, they may need to have a secondary alveolar bone graft. This is where autogenous cancellous bone from a donor site (often the pelvic bone) is transplanted into the alveolar cleft region. This transplant of bone will close the osseous cleft of the alveolus, close any oro-nasal fistulae and will become integrated with the maxillary bone.
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Husson's yellow bat is primarily distinguished from other species in the genus Rhogeessa (particularly from R. io which is also found in Brazil) by its fur colour. Both its ventral and dorsal fur is golden brown with brown tips. Its muzzle is similar to that found in the genus Eptesicus with more obvious pads than R. io. Cranial measurements including breadth of the upper canines and palate, and the length of the teeth across the maxillary bone were all larger in Husson's yellow bat.
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W. Auchinleck was born in Dublin on the 19th May, 1787. On the 6th August, 1802, Auchinleck was indentured to Gerard Macklin, and commenced his studies at the College of Surgeons and Mercer's Hospital. On the 23rd June, 1810, he became a licentiate, and on the 7th April a member of the College. He was appointed a Surgeon to Mercer's Hospital, in which institution, about the year 1842, he successfully removed the inferior' maxillary bone, the patient making a good recovery; this was the first occasion upon which this operation was performed in Dublin.
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The tip and upper side of the snout were not preserved, but most of the other skull bones are known. The orbits (eye holes) were large, and the skull was longer in front of the eyes than behind them. The lower edge of each orbit was formed by a long forward branch of the jugal bone, which overlies an equally elongated rear branch of the tooth-bearing maxillary bone. The skull was somewhat broader than that of most other "younginiforms", as indicated by the width and curvature of the frontal and prefrontal bones.
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The horned blenny is a brown colored fish covered in pale mottling all over its body and head, Dorsal, anal, and tail fins have dark brown bases, and pale or clear edges. This species is characterized by having elongated snouts that are blunt at the end and a singular large horn called the maxillary bone branching from their heads, additionally thin strands of cirrus cover the nostrils and line its stalk from eyes to dorsal fin. The blenny’s spine is composed of 34-35 small vertebrae, giving it a maximum length of only 4 centimeters.
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Mini-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) involves the forces being applied directly to the maxillary bone instead of the teeth. This technique involves placing anywhere from 2-4 mini-implants in the palatal vault area of maxilla to anchor the RME appliance to the screws. The patient is then asked to turn the jackscrew with the rapid approach over next two weeks. This technique allows palatal expansion to be performed in adults, in which the palatal suture is already fused, a result which was previously only achieved surgically.
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The palate is moderately long, extending beyond the molars but not beyond the posterior margins of the maxillary bone. In most specimens, the roof of the mesopterygoid fossa, the gap behind the back of the palate, is not perforated by sphenopalatine vacuities and thus it is fully ossified; if present, these vacuities are small. Mindomys lacks an alisphenoid strut; in some other oryzomyines, this extension of the alisphenoid bone separates two openings (foramina) in the skull, the masticatory–buccinator foramen and the foramen ovale accessorium. There are no openings in the mastoid bone.
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Heavily restored skull of S. ferox in the Field Museum The skull of Sphenacodon is very similar to that of Dimetrodon. It is narrow from side to side and vertically deep, with an indented notch at the front of the maxillary bone in the upper jaw. The upper and lower jaws are equipped with an array of powerful teeth, divided into sharp pointed "incisors" [precaniniforms], large stabbing "canines" [caniniforms], and smaller slicing back teeth [postcaniniforms]. The orbit is set high and far back with a single opening (temporal fenestra) behind and partly below the eye, a characteristic of synapsids.
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The John Dory catches prey by stalking it, then extending its jaw forward in a tube-like structure to suck the fish in with some water. The water then flows out through the gills; the pre-maxillary bone, the only tooth-bearing bone in this fish, is used to grind the food. The John Dory has a high laterally compressed body – its body is so thin it can hardly be seen from the front. The large eyes at the front of the head provide it with the binocular vision and depth perception it needs to catch prey.
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The shape of these bones varies across the bird families. The lower mandible is supported by a bone known as the inferior maxillary bone—a compound bone composed of two distinct ossified pieces. These ossified plates (or rami), which can be U-shaped or V-shaped, join distally (the exact location of the joint depends on the species) but are separated proximally, attaching on either side of the head to the quadrate bone. The jaw muscles, which allow the bird to close its beak, attach to the proximal end of the lower mandible and to the bird's skull.
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Bones in a skeleton of C. bauri at the American Museum of Natural History, now interpreted as those of a crocodylomorph The teeth of Coelophysis were typical of predatory dinosaurs, blade-like, recurved, sharp and jagged with fine serrations on both the anterior and posterior edges. Its dentition shows that it was carnivorous, probably preying on the small, lizard-like animals that were discovered with it. It may also have hunted in packs to tackle larger prey.Coelophysis bauri has approximately 26 teeth on the maxillary bone of the upper jaw and 27 teeth on the dentary bone of the lower jaw.
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Many aulopiforms are deep-sea fishes, with some species recognized as being hermaphrodites, some with the ability to self-fertilise. Some are benthic, but most are pelagic nekton. In general, aulopiform fish have a mixture of advanced and primitive characteristics relative to other teleost fish. A shortnose greeneye, Chlorophthalmus agassizi (Chlorophthalmoidei: Chlorophthalmidae) Aulopiforms have either a vestigial gas bladder, or lack it entirely, a hypaxialis muscle that is unusually extended to forward at its upper end and attaches to the neurocranium below the spine (perhaps to snap the upper part of the skull down when catching prey) and the position of the maxillary bone.
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Thymallus species are distinguished from other members of the salmon family by their larger scales, their small mouths with teeth on the maxillary bone, and most striking of all, their showy, sail-like dorsal fins. This fin is longer in males and highly colourful, with spots of red, orange, purple or green. The body is also colourful; the dorsal surface is a dark purplish to bluish black or gray, grading to dark blue or silver gray on the flanks and gray or white on the belly. The body is further decorated with a smattering of small dark spots; these are much more numerous in juveniles.
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A venomoid is a venomous snake that has undergone a surgical procedure to remove or inhibit the production of snake venom. This procedure has been used for venomous snakes kept as pets or used in public demonstrations in order to remove the risk of injury or death when handled. The removal of venom glands or fangs of exhibited animals may be by surgery or simple mutilation; some or all of these procedures have been considered illegal and unethical.Jeff Miller Venomoids: An Overview The Southeastern Hot Herp Society March 29, 2001 Removal of fangs is uncommon, as snakes frequently regenerate teeth, and the more invasive procedure of removing the underlying maxillary bone would be fatal.
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A Le Fort fracture of the skull is a classic transfacial fracture of the midface, involving the maxillary bone and surrounding structures in either a horizontal, pyramidal or transverse direction. The hallmark of Lefort fractures is traumatic pterygomaxillary separation, which signifies fractures between the pterygoid plates, horseshoe shaped bony protuberances which extend from the inferior margin of the maxilla, and the maxillary sinuses. Continuity of this structure is a keystone for stability of the midface, involvement of which impacts surgical management of trauma victims, as it requires fixation to a horizontal bar of the frontal bone. The pterygoid plates lie posterior to the upper dental row, or alveolar ridge, when viewing the face from an anterior view.
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Oral jaw from side and above of Piaractus brachypomus, a close relative of piranhas In vertebrates, the lower jaw (mandible or jawbone)The mandible is also in some sources still referred to as the inferior maxillary bone, though this is an outdated term which goes back to at least the 1858 first edition of Gray's Anatomy, if not earlier. is a bone forming the skull with the cranium. In lobe-finned fishes and the early fossil tetrapods, the bone homologous to the mandible of mammals is merely the largest of several bones in the lower jaw. It is referred to as the dentary bone, and forms the body of the outer surface of the jaw.
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On the maxillary bone of a new dinosaur (Priodontognathus phillipsii), contained in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 31:439-443. Because the replacement teeth had not yet erupted, their serrations had not been worn down and many sharp denticula could be seen, shaped as the points of a saw. Because armored dinosaurs were very poorly known at the time, he had little to compare it to, and in light of this it is not too surprising that he later, in 1893, had it mixed up with the stegosaurian Omosaurus (now Dacentrurus); stegosaurs are most closely related to the ankylosaurs within the Thyreophora.
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Anostomidae are generally considered edible, and some of the larger species are caught for food on a regular basis, much like large Leuciscinae (which are superficially similar Cypriniformes) are in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.Weitzman & Vari (1998), FishBase (2004), Sidlauskas & Vari (2008) Their jaws are rather short, with the maxillary bone small and excluded from the mouth opening, while the ascending process of the premaxilla is triangular in overall shape and robustly developed. One row of six or eight curved teeth occur in each jaw, arranged by length in a step-like fashion, with the front teeth being the longest; the pharyngeal teeth are enlarged and have two or more cusps each. Anostomid gill openings are small, with the gill membranes firmly joined to the isthmus; the ligament between the interopercle and the mouth is elongated and the interopercle is clearly separated from the retroarticular.
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The pterygo-maxillary or zygomatic Fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity, situated below and on the inner side of the zygoma; bounded, in front, by the zygomatic surface of the superior maxillary bone and the ridge which descends from its malar process; behind, by the posterior border of the external pterygoid plate and the eminentia articularis; above, by the pterygoid ridge on the outer surface of the great wing of the sphenoid, and the under part of the squamous portion of the temporal; below by the alveolar border of the superior maxilla; internally, by the external pterygoid plate; and externally, by the zygomatic arch ramus of the lower jaw. It contains the lower part of the temporal, the external and internal pterygoid muscles, the internal maxillary artery and vein, and inferior maxillary nerve and their branches. At its upper and inner part may be observed two fissures, the spheno-maxillary and pterygo-maxillary.
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