Those who fail to make the adjustment will be doomed to marginalisation.
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It will only increase feelings of marginalisation and disenfranchisement in Muslim communities.
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Mr Barzani's humiliated Peshmerga fighters threaten to hit back if their marginalisation continues.
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"But their discontent is based on economic rather than religious or political marginalisation."
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Anglophones were aggrieved at their marginalisation in a country dominated by French-speakers.
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A tie-up between supplier and customer can solve this problem of "double marginalisation".
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Residents there say they suffer social and economic marginalisation in the predominantly Francophone country.
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That's about to change with "Hate Somebody", a tale of new money pageantry and marginalisation.
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Many sex workers do not sign up to the initiative because they face discrimination and marginalisation.
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Moderate MPs are responding to their rolling marginalisation in three ways that broadly map onto their ideological stances.
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Large parts of the country remain scarred by de-industrialisation and the marginalisation of a once proud working-class culture.
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Consultancy PwC has said carmakers face marginalisation by cash-rich technology firms unless they develop services based on vehicle usage.
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Some experts warn a focus on economic solutions to Rakhine's problems could cement the marginalisation of the mostly stateless Rohingya.
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But some experts warn purely economic solutions to the state's woes could cement the marginalisation of the mostly stateless Rohingya.
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The marginalisation of Sunnis by Shia governments pushed them into the arms of IS—a process encouraged by the jihadists themselves.
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The Arab youth population (aged 15-29) numbers 105m and is growing fast, but unemployment, poverty and marginalisation are all growing faster.
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"It is resulting in further impoverishment and marginalisation of already deprived urban communities, resulting in dispossession and creation of ghettos," she said.
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Barzani said that the Sunnis' feeling of marginalisation by the Shi'ite leadership had facilitated the takeover of their regions by Islamic State militants.
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The rumbustious suffragettes are relegated to small etchings on the new statue's plinth, a marginalisation that hints at lingering unease with their methods.
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"Policies that reduce social marginalisation, stigma and discrimination are needed as are increased funding for prevention and testing," Pozniak said in a statement.
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Saudi Shi'ites complain of marginalisation in the birthplace of Islam, which follows the rigid Wahhabi Sunni school that views the minority sect as heretical.
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The British, on the other hand, are very good at reconciling themselves to decline and marginalisation—indeed quite a number of Britons positively relish it.
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The economic reforms come two months after Abiy took power promising political changes to address roiling anger among young people over ethnic marginalisation and unemployment.
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We live in strange times, when innovations are expanding potential GDP hugely, and, at the same time, fuelling conflict, disenchantment and the marginalisation of many.
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Houthi group in north protests marginalisation of the local Zaydi Shi'ite Muslim sect and fights six wars with Saleh's forces and one with Saudi Arabia.
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The country is officially bilingual, but the roughly 20% of people (4-5m in a country of 24m) who mainly speak English claim decades of marginalisation.
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China's president and Communist Party boss, Xi Jinping, said there must be no "weakening, fading, blurring or marginalisation" of the party's leading role in state-owned enterprises.
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At its conference in Cologne this weekend the total marginalisation of Frauke Petry, its co-chair and until now most prominent figure, played out in plain view.
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But at very high levels of winter heating demand, the growing reliance on gas for power generation can still lead to a large storage drawdown (marginalisation dominates).
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Shi'ite communities in Iraq, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia have all suffered discrimination and marginalisation at the hands of Sunni-dominated governments and societies over the last century.
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Some argue that this is because of their "double marginalisation", by both bewildered non-Muslim friends and sceptical native Muslims, leaving them vulnerable to the overtures of radicals.
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The execution of the cleric, Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr, had sparked protests in the eastern region, where Shi'ites complain of marginalisation and discrimination by the Sunni-led kingdom.
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Here, they exist in an uneasy balance, neither properly settled nor free from a long history of marginalisation and discrimination that has led to high rates of poverty.
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The separatist revolt, which began as peaceful protests by English speakers against what they see as their marginalisation by the French-speaking majority, now aims to create an independent state.
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In the landmark judgement in 2014, the court also noted their economic and social marginalisation, and asked the state governments to take steps to treat them as socially and educationally backward.
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"The Immigration Department proposals are self-defeating as they risk creating greater marginalisation and disaffection among new arrivals," Paul Power, CEO of the Refugee Council of Australia, said in a statement.
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The second thing is that it's the further marginalisation of Britain as a power with influence, whether that is true diplomatically, economically or militarily (with the United States or more broadly).
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"Grenfell underscored the dire consequences of the marginalisation of social housing and its decline from 33 to 17 percent of housing over the last four decades," he said in emailed comments.
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The Labour Party is setting itself the task of reversing economic changes (such as the privatisation of utilities and the marginalisation of trade unions) that have now become rooted in British life.
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People in the southern swamps, where oil giants such as Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron operate, have for years complained about the oil industry's pollution and about economic marginalisation by the state.
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Apparently, because of their small and stable number over the years, female inmates suffer from a dual punishment – the forced marginalisation from society, and a total lack of regard when locked away.
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What began as a peaceful protest movement in 2016 by teachers and lawyers against perceived marginalisation of the English-speaking minority became an armed conflict last year following violent crackdowns by government forces.
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Demonstrations in Cameroon's English-speaking regions began nearly a year ago when Anglophone lawyers and teachers protested against having to work in French, saying it showed the wider marginalisation of the English-speaking minority.
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Isn't this odd when it would seem evident to anyone who works in the tech industry that economic privilege and lack of social mobility is intrinsically linked to the marginalisation of many underrepresented groups?
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Segregation "fostered the development of separate and unequal hospitals; raising barriers to entry for African Americans into health professions; endorsed the marginalisation of black midwives; and supported white-only state medical societies," Wailoo wrote.
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After decades of ethnic cleansing and economic marginalisation, still denied citizenship and any basic civil rights, they remain understandably fearful of how they will be treated by Myanmar's army and police if they return.
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The marginalisation of women in tech became a prominent subject in 2015 during a sex-discrimination lawsuit brought by Ellen Pao, who had worked at a venture-capital firm, Kleiner Perkins (she lost the case).
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Many Tunisians are concerned about the rising cost of living, unemployment and the continued marginalisation of rural areas - factors that helped fuel the country's uprising and, more recently, Islamist militancy among some disaffected young men.
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Some of the rebels objected to his business-friendly policies; others complained of his ruthless marginalisation of the party's old guard, including the night's main speaker, Pier Luigi Bersani, who led the PD until 2013.
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"Sadly, we are conscious that even today, religious experience, rather than fostering openness to others, can be used at times as a pretext for rejection, marginalisation and violence," he said in the Vatican's Sala Regia.
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Since October, people in the two western English-speaking regions of Cameroon have joined protests against what they say is their marginalisation by the French-speaking majority under President Paul Biya, in power since 1982.
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"A crisis can lead to marginalisation, but it can also mark the turning point for something better, for a real change of tack," Chief Executive Matthias Mueller told a staff meeting in Wolfsburg on Sept. 14.
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Many southerners now believe their time has come after two decades of what they see as marginalisation within the unified state, and the plundering of mostly southern oil reserves by corrupt northern tribal sheikhs and politicians.
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Indeed, HKEx chief executive Charles Li, speaking to Hong Kong investors in the original unveiling of the LME deal, stressed that the purchase "really consolidates our strategic relevance to China," helping to dispel nagging fears about "marginalisation".
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"Recognizing the diversity and marginalisation of political candidates amongst others helps to put into context where they're coming from and helps to put into context why they might be valuable in legislatures or in public life," she said.
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There were times of marginalisation, even irrelevancy, like that which followed Robert Peel's decision to repeal the Corn Laws in 1846 and the one that was ushered in by the victory of Tony Blair's New Labour in 1997.
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This year's curated section Sex Work likewise identifies institutional prejudice: this time in the marginalisation and even censorship of works by female artists from the 1960s onwards who have addressed female sexuality in frank and at times outrageous ways.
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Cameroon has been gripped by worsening violence since November 2016, when government forces crushed a movement of Anglophone teachers and lawyers protesting against their perceived marginalisation by the French-speaking majority — a movement which then morphed into an insurgency.
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One wonders whether the availability of hooligan videos on social media has not contributed to the marginalisation of the casual scene, with the feeling that casual culture is a niche interest only furthered by the conspicuous link to matchday violence.
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If London has a claim to be a capital of globalisation, Blackpool has one to be a capital of marginalisation, where 26% of women smoke during pregnancy, compared with less than 2% in Westminster, and male life expectancy is nine years shorter than in Kensington.
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What began last year as peaceful protests by Anglophone activists against perceived marginalisation by Cameroon's Francophone-dominated elite has become the gravest challenge yet to President Paul Biya, who is expected to seek to renew his 35-years in power in an election next year.
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The marginalisation of the 81-year-old Mr Berlusconi highlighted another characteristic of the biggest rearrangement of the political landscape since he stormed onto the scene in 1994: like Brexit and the election of Donald Trump, it was a thundering rejection of the establishment.
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Its assessment of the case found that the alleged competition concerns to be "of a serious nature and that Broadcom's conduct may result in the elimination or marginalisation of competitors before the end of proceedings" — allowing it to meet the threshold for ordering interim measures under EU law.
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The Tuareg peoples had also long complained of marginalisation within Mali.
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Due to the boundaries of knowledge, we reflect on it by considering marginalisation. The theory of marginalisation is concluded from different value judgement and boundaries will cause collusion within the groups of stakeholders or issues where they might be devalued or worse, obliterated. The marginalisation model will be standardised when the concerns and stakeholders are being marginalised. The process of marginalisation is significant to systemic intervention as it comprehensively analyses the critiques based on local situations by addressing the concerns with power and participation that have been neglected.
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The renaming is part of an effort to redress marginalisation of the Khoikhoi people.
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Also see: Brendan O'Brien. The Long War: The IRA & Sinn Féin, p. 133, (1999). on the marginalisation of Bell.
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ABC 03.13.76, available here Also later he kept denouncing subversive activitiesABC 20.05.76, available here and tried to prevent marginalisation of religion and faith in the University.ABC 25.07.
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Due to marginalisation produced by continuous Resettlement Policy, by 1969, political tensions and open hostilities developed between the Government of the Philippines and Moro Muslim rebel groups in Mindanao.
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Few such places remain operational today due to religious marginalisation, urbanisation and the decimation of vulture populations.New York Times. "Giving New Life to Vultures to Restore a Human Ritual of Death".
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The Tigers are fighting to create a separate homeland for Sri Lankan Tamils, many of whom complain of marginalisation by successive governments led by the Sinhalese majority since independence from Britain in 1948.
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191-202 They generally use the title Nainar.Reading History with the Tamil Jainas, A Study on Identity, Memory and Marginalisation, R. Umamaheshwari, Springer, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, p.4, 111 The former North Arcot and South Arcot (now Tiruvannamalai, Vellore, Cuddalore and Villupuram Districts) districts have a large number of Jain temples, as well as a significant Jain population.Reading History with the Tamil Jainas, A Study on Identity, Memory and Marginalisation, R. Umamaheshwari, Springer, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, p.
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US department of state Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Ukraine However, in 2012 ECRI stated "government policies themselves at times appear also to ignore the situation of marginalisation and discrimination faced by Roma".
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With the complete defeat of Antony and the marginalisation of Lepidus, Octavian, having been restyled "Augustus" in 27 BC, remained as the sole master of the Roman world, and proceeded to establish the Principate as the first Roman "emperor".
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Much of her work focuses on the marginalisation of women; her string quartet Erasure is about the erasure of women's achievements from mainstream history. Peacocke also collaborates with directors, filmmakers and choreographers to write music for theatre, film and dance performances.
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The indigenous population was growing somewhat faster than that of the nation as a whole, which he thought would gradually allay their fears of marginalisation and could lead to their being less fearful about being led by someone of a different ethnic group.
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Much new knowledge on sex work in India came from the first major survey, in April 2011. This was performed by the Centre for Advocacy on Stigma and Marginalisation (CASAM), which is part of SANGRAM, a major NGO that deals with sex workers.
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Abdallah Haybe, commonly called by various transliterations of Agalule, was as of 2018 the president of Khatumo State. He dismissed the 2018 election of Bihi as one distorted by clannism and characterised by marginalisation of the Dhulbahante clan. His vice president is Caano Nuug.
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London: Centaur Publishing, 2005, Vol. 25, Issue 1, p. 18. is a French public artist, stimulating debate in public space to catalyse social change. Firrell uses language to engage directly with the public, provoking dialogue, usually about aspects of marginalisation, equality and equitable social organisation.
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Lesbian Land, Word Weavers Press, 1976Valentine, Gill. Contested Countryside Cultures: Otherness, Marginalisation, and Rurality ed.: Paul J. Cloke, Jo Little, Routledge, , pp109–110. Cheney describes the reason for many of these separatists' move to lesbian land as a "spatial strategy of distancing ...from mainstream society".
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Tamsin Elizabeth Wilton (1952 – 30 April 2006) was an English lesbian activist, and the UK’s first Professor of Human Sexuality. She researched and wrote extensively about gay and lesbian health, the process of transitioning to lesbianism, and the marginalisation of lesbian issues within sexuality studies.
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A homeless man in Paris. Social exclusion or social marginalisation is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society. It is a term used widely in Europe and was first used in France. It is used across disciplines including education, sociology, psychology, politics and economics.
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Denied entry to Spain,Clemente 1977, pp. 113-5 he limited himself to written protests over the marginalisation of Carlism within the Nationalist faction.His protests were related mostly to expulsion of the Carlist political leader, Manuel Fal Conde, following launch of the Carlist military academy. Clemente 1977, p.
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In December 2016, the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FPCCI) released a report that given the rate at which Chinese nationals were migrating to Balochistan for the CPEC project, the Chinese would outnumber the Baloch people by 2048, raising concerns of marginalisation of the Baloch citizens.
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Nugent (1999) 116 SALJ 501.Schwikkard "Silence and Common Sense" (2003) Acta Juridica 92. and of internationalSee, for example, Easton The Case for the Right to Silence 2 ed (1998).See also Dennis “Silence in the Police Station: The Marginalisation of Section 34” [2002] Criminal Law Review 25.
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The Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation Commission of Kenya has the ability to investigate, analyse, and report on what happened between 1963 and 2008 in regards to gross violations of human rights, economic crimes, illegal acquisition of public land, marginalisation of communities, ethnic violence, the context in which the crimes occurred, and educate the public about its work. The TJRC does not, however, have the power to prosecute. They can recommend prosecutions, reparations for victims, institutional changes, and amnesty in exchange for truth for perpetrators who did not commit gross human rights violations. The TJRC investigates, analyses, and reports on human rights abuses, economic crimes, illegal acquisition of land, marginalisation of communities, and ethnic violence.
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Since 2000, she has placed an emphasis on discussing strategy formulation in educational affairs and marginalisation of different groups, and her writing is connected to the above-mentioned issues, as well as ideas on democracy, human rights and education.Vísindavefurinn. (2018). Hvaða rannsóknir hefur Dóra S. Bjarnason stundað? Retrieved March 8, 2020.
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Michael, EB 1997. The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview. In Michael E. Brown et al, Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict: An International Security Reader, MIT Press, Massachusetts. It is stated by Dr Mansor Mohd Noor that the poverty and marginalisation has broken down the community and is unrelated to the government.
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Zoli explores the persecution of the Roma faced during World War II, as well as the impact of totalitarianism on Romani culture and lifestyles and experiences of otherness and marginalisation faced by Romani people in Europe. The novel is written from multiple perspectives, that include both first and third person narration.
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She is joined in her mission by Noor's tutor Mikaeel (played by Alyy Khan), who becomes his caretaker and treats him like his own son. Mikaeel also develops feelings for Mahagul. The serial sheds light on the stereotypes, gender discrimination and marginalisation that intersex people face within Pakistani society, and their identity crisis.
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Retrieved 15 July 2020. Academic views of crip time connected to ideas of futurity, which is based on temporal theory. This theory, developed by Alison Kafer in Feminist, Queer, Crip, builds on the work queer temporal theory. Crip time theory asks us to think about the connections between time, marginalisation, and visibility.
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In 1922 his article "On the Ideological Front" ("Na ideologicheskom fronte") was published in Pravda in September 1922. Here he defended Proletkult which was facing marginalisation at that time. He rejected class compromise and the use of experts. He was against the participation of the peasantry, the bourgeoisie, and the intelligentsia in Proletkult.
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The marginal, the processes of marginalisation, etc. bring specific interest in postmodern and postcolonial philosophy and social studies.Gilbert McInnis, The Struggle of Postmodernism and Postcolonialism, Laval University, Canada Postmodernism question the "center" about its authenticity and postmodern sociology and cultural studies research marginal cultures, behaviours, societies, the situation of the marginalized individual, etc.
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US homeownership rate according to race. Economically, African Americans have benefited from the advances made during the civil rights era, particularly among the educated, but not without the lingering effects of historical marginalisation when considered as a whole. The racial disparity in poverty rates has narrowed. The black middle class has grown substantially.
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Kalwant Bhopal is Professor of Education and Social Justice and Director of the Centre for Research in Race & Education at the University of Birmingham. Her work explores the achievements and experiences of minority ethnic groups in education with a focus on how processes of racism, exclusion and marginalisation operate in predominantly White spaces.
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Radio Free Europe (2011), Otkaz Za Sindikalniot Lider Na Novinarite. Radio Free Europe. Pressure on journalists are various and widespread, from marginalisation of critical journalists to reallocation across the media. The Code of Ethics of the Journalists of North Macedonia is set as the professional guideline; yet, violations of basic standards are widespread, e.g.
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Chatterjee, Debi [1981] (2004) Up Against Caste: Comparative study of Ambedkar and Periyar. Rawat Publications: Chennai. pp. 40-42. E.V. Ramasamy promoted the principles of rationalism, self-respect, women’s rights and eradication of caste. He opposed the exploitation and marginalisation of the non-Brahmin Dravidian people of South India and the imposition of what he considered Indo-Aryan India.
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Other risks are from hazards such as pesticide use, especially where the market gardeners are not trained in their use or able to read product information. Another consequence is marginalisation of the succeeding generation where they are relied upon as the fittest and strongest to succeed in continuing the farm rather than pursue other ambitions and opportunities.
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After apartheid ended in 1994, the status of Afrikaans in South Africa was much reduced and went from being equal to English to just one of 11 official languages, which led to a renewed dominance of English in the public sphere. Attempts to reverse the marginalisation of Afrikaans have been described as the third language movement.
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The problem of social exclusion is usually tied to that of equal opportunity, as some people are more subject to such exclusion than others. Marginalisation of certain groups is a problem in many economically more developed countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States, where the majority of the population enjoys considerable economic and social opportunities.
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The first one took place in 2006 and selected contributions have been published.Pleines, Heiko; Fischer, Sabine; Schröder, Hans-Henning (Eds.) Movements, Migrants, Marginalisation. Challenges of societal and political participation in Eastern Europe and the enlarged EU, ibidem-Verlag 2007, , ISSN 1863-8716. Tholen, Jochen; Lane, David; Lengyel, György (Eds.) Restructuring of the Economic Elites after State Socialism.
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45 Perhaps this was a strategic move. In limpieza de sangre statutes such stains of heresy expired after four generations and if this was the cause of their marginalisation, it also gave grounds for their emancipation.Hawkins, p.36. One early mention of the Cagots is from 1288, when they appear to have been called Chretiens or Christianos.
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Thirupanamoor and Karanthai are twin villages about 19 km from Kanchipuram. They host historically important Jain temples containing historical inscriptions.R. Umamaheshwari, Reading History with the Tamil Jainas, A Study on Identity, Memory, and Marginalisation, Springer/Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2017 p. 153-165 There is a population of local Jains in these and nearby villages.
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The shifts in politics, welfare, and the move from government to governance that characterised the 1990s have been of considerable interest here. Studies that reflect on the politics of the shift from centralised government to decentralised governance, and of the political economy of agrarian change in the wake of the intensifying impacts of globalising neoliberal capitalism, the politics of gender emergent in urban governance, have been carried out. Also, historical work on the politics of welfare in pre- and post-independence Kerala, on marginalisation, exclusion, and abjection in development particularly with reference to dalit people and sexual minorities, and local histories on politics and development in micro- sites of extreme marginalisation and deprivation in Kerala have been published. These studies too constitute a significant part of the interdisciplinary research at CDS in the recent decades.
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As a result, despite the removal of the Quota system, this alleged unfair advantage gives more places to undeserving students of Malay origin. Critics argue that this policy of the NEP has also contributed to a brain drain. Others suggest that the NEP has contributed to racial polarisation and a feeling of marginalisation among the non-Malays.Goh, Melissa (21 November 2006).
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The consequences were low self-esteem, loneliness, and sense of marginalisation. (Court of First Instance, para. 6) During the proceedings, Mr Leung challenged four provisions in the Crimes Ordinance infringing his constitutional rights to equality and privacy. After hearing the oral argument in July 2005, the Court of First Instance of the High Court handed down the judgment a month later.
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Del Burgo claimed that Tellería had never explained anything to him, and suggested that Tellería got sort of sold out to Francoism, Luengo Teixidor 1990, p. 87 he got convinced that the arrested Hedilla conspired against Franco, that with marginalisation of Falange “the moment is ours, entirely ours”, and that the Carlists should seize it and align with the military.
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Particularly during the implementation of the 'Cultivation System' legislation and regulations discriminatory against Indos were enforced. When the 'Cultivation System' policy was abandoned in 1870 it however also put in place a ban for Indos to own land.Article by Rober Cribb. Under threat of marginalisation the Indo community was forced to reflect on its position in the Dutch East Indies.
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Salikin Mardi Hardjo (1910- July 1993) was a Javanese-Surinamese social activist born in Malang, Jawa Timur (East Java), Indonesia. He is known for his opposition to Dutch colonial rule in Suriname in the 1930s, advocacy for the Javanese community in Suriname, and their perceived marginalisation and orchestrating the repatriation of many Javanese-Surinamese to Tongar in West Sumatra near Padang.
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His research includes the investigation of and inquiry into controversial deaths, most notably the Hillsborough disaster on 15 April 1989 in which 96 football fans were crushed to death. He has also researched deaths in custody, the marginalisation and criminalisation of children and young people, the politics of imprisonment, and the analysis of disasters and their impact on the bereaved and survivors.
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By the end of the 19th century, the number of residents was around 4,100. The town was the seat of the Prelog district () of Zala County in the Kingdom of Hungary until the Treaty of Trianon was signed in 1920. In the first half of the 20th century, the marginalisation of Prelog continued. It was relieved of its previous administrative functions.
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The artisanship among Binds is lost as there have been marginalisation of the community which couldn't maintain to revive its artisanship at community level. The crafts made by Binds used to be sold seasonally in fares across the Purvanchal region. A rough estimate is that there are 9.50 lakh Binds in India. It is one the numerically weaker sections of the society.
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363 Belu Zilber claimed that having himself been subject to suspicion and marginalisation, he had attempted to warn Pătrășcanu of the change in climate, and had asked him to consider fleeing the Eastern Bloc, only to be stiffly rebuffed.Tănase, "Belu Zilber".III Zilber was eventually arrested in February 1948, on suspicion that he had been a Siguranța Statului agent infiltrating the party.
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In 1991, the Cuban Communist Party approved the admission of religious members, and in 1992 the constitution was amended to declare Cuba a secular rather than an atheist state. The government's move away from the state atheism it previously espoused allowed Santería to leave behind the marginalisation it had faced, and throughout the 1990s Santería began to be practiced more openly in Cuba.
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Removal from the UTM could mean social exclusion, professional marginalisation or even open the way to a criminal investigation. One's social origin and membership in a communist organisation were the most important factors in climbing up the political, social and professional ladders. UTM purges were one way that institutions, universities, schools, army units and factories were cleansed of troublesome elements.
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Although no reason was given for the returns, two of the delisted books about the occupation were strong sellers at independent bookshops. Students staged a "read-in" of delisted books outside the Commercial Press on the campus of the Chinese University to draw attention to the marginalisation of independent books, and urging the public to independent booksellers in the city instead of subsidiaries of Sino.
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After Labour's defeat in the 1987 general election, Neil Kinnock, leader of the Labour Party, began a policy review, which sought to change Labour Party policies (e.g., abandonment unilateral nuclear disarmament). Labour Briefing was facing defeat and marginalisation. In the summer of 1989, Devon Labour Briefing supporters ceased to play a role in Exeter Labour Party; either through defeat in internal party elections or through resignation.
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Further liberalisation in November 1997 allowed the expansion of political parties from 11 to 26. President Moi won re-election as President in the December 1997 elections, and his KANU Party narrowly retained its parliamentary majority. Moi ruled using a strategic mixture of ethnic favouritism, state repression and marginalisation of opposition forces. He utilised detention and torture, looted public finances and appropriated land and other property.
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Adam Smith was not the only classical liberal political economist concerned with class conflict. In his Considerations on Representative Government, John Stuart Mill observed the complete marginalisation of workmen's voices in Parliament, rhetorically asking whether its members ever empathise with the position of workmen, instead of siding entirely with their masters, on issues such as the right to go on strike.John Stuart Mill. Representative Government, Chapter 3.
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Kameshwar Baitha was born in a village in the Bishrampur block of the Palamu district (then part of Bihar). The highest educational qualification attained by Baitha is matriculation. During the 1970s, the rampant feudalism and the resulting marginalisation of the landless lower castes led to social unrest in Palamu and other parts of Bihar. Several low-caste people joined the Naxalite–Maoist insurgent groups.
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It develops the topic of 'the world of dreams' ('mundo al revés') and is related to Goya's engravings series Los disparates. Goya had already touched on the issue in his 1793 painting Yard with Lunatics, but The Madhouse shows greater variety, with less mad, less picturesque, more individualised and more characterised figures, shown more humanity and clearly marked as poor victims of marginalisation and rejection.
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Political groups associated with the persecution of the Ahmadis include the Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam, Khatme Nabuwwat movements (Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat, Tanzeem-e-Islami and Tehreek-e-Khatme Nabuwwat), Jamaat-e-Islami, Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan and Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan.Saeed, S. (2007), Pakistani Nationalism and the State Marginalisation of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 7: 132–152.
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His stand led to his marginalisation in the party. In 1973, L. K. Advani, who became the president, expelled Madhok from the party for three years. Madhok was arrested during the Emergency and was imprisoned for 18 months, (1975–1977). He joined the Janata Party, into which Jana Sangh merged, but resigned in 1979 and tried to revive Jana Sangh under the name Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh.
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She sold public housing to tenants, all on favourable terms. The policy developed an important electoral dimension during the second Thatcher government (1983–87). It involved more than denationalisation: wider share ownership was the second plank of the policy. Thatcher advocated an "enterprise society" in Britain, especially in widespread share-ownership, personal ownership of council houses, marginalisation of trade unions and expansion of private healthcare.
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Amal Murkus (, , born 11 July 1968) is an Arab-Israeli singer. Her post-modern music style has a variety of Mediterranean influences. Her first album, Amal, was released in 1998, and her second, Shauq, in 2004. Her songs take inspiration by Palestinian folklore, traditional Arabic heritage, and pop music elements, and express the struggle against the marginalisation and exclusion that Arab Palestinian culture feels.
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The strong imbalance in the level of development and investment between Eastern & Northern Uganda on the one side, and Central & Western Uganda on the other perceived as the land of milk and honey, is a clear manifestation of economic marginalisation of the region, in spite of the fact that most top leadership in Uganda hailed from the north between 1962 and 1985. This marginalisation, deliberate or otherwise, with the adverse consequences of the war, has resulted in disparate poverty levels in northern Uganda, for the most part of the NRM's 20 plus years’ rule. Although poverty at times may be treated as an escalating factor that creates resentment in society, its role in the conflict in northern Uganda is part and parcel of the underlying structural factors. The Poverty Status Report, 2003, indicates that "one-third of the chronically poor (30.1%) and a disproportionate moving into poverty are from northern Uganda".
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Those who are successful succeed in getting jobs or starting their own businesses, which in turn creates more employment opportunities. On the other hand, cities can also become a setting in which marginalisation, inequality and social exclusion can abound. Access to adequate housing is an important factor in ensuring this is avoided. Another major issue is the ever-increasing risk posed by natural disasters as the climate crisis continues to develop.
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Nigel Randell Evans was the eldest son of Air Chief Marshal Sir Donald Randell Evans (1912-1975) and Pauline Evans. In 1973, he was awarded a Churchill Fellowship to explore new approaches to raising public awareness to the plight of marginalised people. As a result, he founded a charity, One-to- One, that aspired to break the marginalisation of people in mental hospitals."Growing Success of One-to-One".
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Re-victimization was prevalent within communities in post-conflict Sierra Leone, particularly during support processes and within community reintegration. It is widely recognised that it was more prevalent for females to be subjected to community rejection. Social and economic marginalisation between former female and male combatants was rife. An estimated 1000 women and girls were excluded from DDR programs and are believed to have been living with former rebel combatants.
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Kennedy promoted reparation and reconciliation with Indigenous Australians. Through his personal contacts, he established networks of influence through the local community, and through the indigenous communities of the nation. He preached and taught against what he perceived as exclusion and marginalisation of all kinds, whether because of race, income or sexual orientation. Progressive Catholics from all over Sydney travelled to Redfern weekly to be part of the parish community.
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Having recently reached the higher levels of the crew "Lords of Hucking", he was embroiled in a scandal involving a grapefruit, a rake and a bottle of bleach which resulted in his marginalisation from the crew. He now lives in Nelson, New Zealand with his family and is currently president of the Nelson Mountain Bike Club and a trustee on the Saxton Velodrome Trust and Nelson Tasman Cycle Trail Trust.
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South African Small Business Development Minister Lindiwe Zulu said that foreign business owners cannot expect to co-exist peacefully with local business owners unless they share their trade secrets. According to Zulu, foreign business owners had an advantage over South African business owners due to marginalisation under apartheid. "They cannot barricade themselves in and not share their practices with local business owners," Zulu said. The comments were met with widespread criticism.
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Some professionals estimate that there are between 900 - 1000 people who are HIV positive in Bosnia. In addition, significant attention should be paid to the Roma section of the population due to their marginalisation, and youths, particularly adolescents and primary school pupils in Urban areas. In the past couple of years HIV infection has been kept under control in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Only 0.009% (350) of the countries population (4.000.
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A vertical merger takes place when two or more businesses that operate at different levels merge. Such a merger leads to 'double marginalisation', resulting in more profit for the organisation if, e.g., material cost is reduced substantially or production processes are improved. Vertical integration may be backwards or forward, and may lead to a foreclosure of the upmarket if the upstream firm has a near monopoly over e.g.
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The Syrian civil war has made Syrian women and girls particularly vulnerable to sexual and gender-based violence, marginalisation and poverty. Up to 500 000 deaths have occurred from the crisis, causing unprecedented refugee levels. While both women and men are subjected to gender-based violence, women and girls are disproportionately targeted. Pre-existing gender inequalities put women and girls at greater risk of violence, trafficking, forced marriage and exploitation.
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53, 122 It is noted that Montejurra twice experienced major staff turnover: in 1964, probably related to marginalisation of Massó,Clemente 1999, pp. 52-3 and in 1968, when a few graduates from the Pamplona Instituto de Periodismo of Universidad de Navarra joined; they were led by Fernando García Romanillos.Clemente 1999, p. 53 Since early 1968 until the last issue José Maria Echarri Loidi was listed as "administrator".
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The conflict, considered one of the earliest struggles of the Cold War, resulted in further economic devastation, mass population displacement and severe political polarisation for the next thirty years.Mazower, Mark. After the War was Over. Although the post-war decades were characterised by social strife and widespread marginalisation of the left in political and social spheres, Greece nonetheless experienced rapid economic growth and recovery, propelled in part by the U.S.-administered Marshall Plan.
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More recently, Rolf Köhn has argued that they were taken very seriously by contemporaries and reflected a real concern about the spread of heresy in Europe. The Stedinger Crusade has attracted attention from historians of peasant movements as well as historians of the Crusades. Werner Zihn argues that the defeat of the Stedinger began with their increasing marginalisation in the decades before the crusade. Their inability to attract external allies assured their defeat.
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Due to Libya's fractured relations with the Khartoum government, they were willing to assist. The arms were pledged to the movement in Southern Sudan and Muortat gave his blessing for the SPLA, who later took up arms against Khartoum, to make good on this offer. As Muortat had predicted the Addis-Ababa agreement did not live long. Resource infringements and marginalisation of the South by the North led to increased unrest in the South.
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Government Ekpemupolo was born in 1971 to a royal family in Okerenkoko, the traditional Gbaramatu Kingdom, Warri South Local Government Area in Delta State. Ekpemupolo had his basic education at Okepopo Primary School in Warri. His early life was just like that of any regular growing boy until he began to notice the unethical marginalisation of his people from the benefits accruing from the production of oil which was drilled from his own community.
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Woolf (2004) p. 103; McDonald, RA (2000) p. 171. This man's attestation could indicate that, whilst Somairle's family may have suffered marginalisation as a result of Máel Coluim's defeat and David's consolidation of the region, Fergus and his family could have conversely profited at this time as supporters of David's cause. The record of Fergus amongst the Scottish elite at Cadzow is certainly evidence of the increasing reach of David's royal authority in the 1130s.
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While waiting for the train at the Ichchapuram railway station, Nalla begins to tell Aras his story. A few years earlier, a healthy Nalla took part in various street theatre performances protesting against multinational corporation-driven industrialisation, that resulted in the marginalisation of the labour force. He was at odds with Kandasamy Padayatchi, a manipulative factory owner who refused to give his workers a raise. Nalla satirically imitated Padayatchi in many of his shows.
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Lack of vertical integration with a tour operator, and an inefficient fleet mix dominated by ageing Boeing 727s and BAC One-Elevens made Dan-Air uncompetitive, resulting in increasing marginalisation and growing financial difficulties as well as a change in senior management and strategy by the early 1990s. Following unsuccessful attempts to merge Dan-Air with a competitor, the ailing airline was sold to British Airways in 1992 for the nominal sum of £1.
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In the book, Gilgit- Baltistan and Its Saga of Unending Human Rights Violations, Alok Bansal elaborates on sectarian and ethnic marginalisation, absence of political rights, lack of representation in governance and economic exploitation in the region. In 2018, Senge H Sering, president of the Institute for Gilgit Baltistan Studies, Washington DC, said that large parts of Gilgit-Baltistan are under the control of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and are used as terror centers.
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A puppet sultan was set up by the French and the decline and marginalisation of the north of the colony continued, exacerbated by a series of droughts. Though it remained something of a backwater, some limited economic development took place in Niger during the colonial years, such as the introduction of groundnut cultivation. Various measures to improve food security following a series of devastating famines in 1913, 1920 and 1931 were also introduced.
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Taiwan's accession to the WTO and its desire to become an Asia-Pacific "regional operations center" are spurring further economic liberalization. The economy of Taiwan is facing economic marginalisation in the world economy de-internationalization and lower salaries. This results in human resource talents seeking career opportunities elsewhere. Businesses in Taiwan suffer most from being the size of small and medium enterprises, which impedes on attempts of economic transformation of Taiwan by the Taiwanese government.
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It is considered the first autobiographical narrative by a Dalit woman writer. This book is included in the University of Mumbai's syllabus.Majhya Jalmachi Chitra Katha (TYBA) Shantabai K. Kamble Chiefly the book raises the issue of two- fold marginalisation and oppression one, faced by the Dalit group at the hands of 'Upper Caste' and secondly gendered discrimination towards women through their male patriarchal peers.In this context she portrays her struggle as a Dalit women writer.
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The rebellion was immediately crushed by the Federal and the old Eastern Nigeria government. On 27 May 1967, under the administration of General Yakubu Gowon, Decree No. 14 was issued, allowing the creation of Rivers State. From then on, complaints about political marginalisation, environmental degradation and economic pauperisation remained among the Ijaw groups, such that a separate Bayelsa State was carved out of Rivers State by the military government of Sani Abacha on 1 October 1996.
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Voice of Africa Radio (also known as VOAR) was a London-based FM radio station, founded on 1 January 2000 to correct the exclusion and marginalisation of the African community from the electronic media. Initially, the station operated unlicensed, covering the Greater London area on 107.7 MHz. It attracted a wide range of African businesses that advertised and sponsored most of its programmes. Listeners were mainly the youth, but also various African High Commissioners and Heads of State.
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Meanwhile, the Unfederated Malay States (UMS) began to receive British advisers but they remained more independent than the FMS. In 1909 however, High Commissioner Sir John Anderson expressed concerns over over- centralisation, which was marginalisation local sultans away from policymaking. The British had a formal pro-Malay policy and the colonial administrators were careful in developing mutual trust with the Malay sultans. However, the centralisation had eroded the trust, which the some British officials felt important to regain.
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2: Muslims must perceive themselves as being a civilisation, rather than members of a set of fragmented nation states. This is the only way to avoid stagnation and marginalisation. 3: Plurality and diversity must become the cornerstones of Islam. 4: Shaping viable and desirable futures for a Muslim civilisation must involve the active participation of communities and conscious effort at consultation (shura) at all levels of society with the aim of achieving a broad consensus (ijma).
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Among non-cis people, Gerdes argues that homonormativity functions to selectively relegate identities and behaviours into sanctioned acts and ideals. Rubin states that the replication of heterosexual norms - monogamy, white-privilege, gender binary - contribute to the stigmatisation and marginalisation of perceived deviant forms of sexuality and gender. In the 1990s, transgender activists deployed the term "homonormative" in reference to intracommunity discrimination that saw an imposition of gay and lesbian norms over the concerns of transgender people.Stryker, Susan. 2008.
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Gitanos continue to experience discrimination on an interpersonal level, such as by being refused entry to bars and clubs or losing their jobs if their ethnicity is made known to their employer. Marginalisation occurs on an institutional level; Gitano children are regularly segregated from their non-gitano peers and have poorer academic outcomes as a result. In 1978, 68% of adult gitanos were illiterate.Experiencias y trayectorias de éxito escolar de gitanas y gitanos en España, p. 100.
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Their races were recorded as 13,101 white, 100,346 coloured (mixed black and white), and 392,707 black. This period was marked by an economic slump, with many Jamaicans living in poverty. Dissatisfaction with this, and continued racial discrimination and marginalisation of the black majority, led to the outbreak of the Morant Bay rebellion in 1865 led by Paul Bogle, which was put down by Governor John Eyre with such brutality that he was recalled from his position.
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Due to the recession causing the marginalisation of Green issues, Roy Jenkins leaving the Labour Party to form the Social Democratic Party (SDP), and the inability of the party to absorb the rapid increase in membership, the early 1980s were extremely tough for the Ecology Party. Nonetheless, the party prepared for the 1983 General Election, spurred on by the success of Die Grünen in Germany. In the 1983 election, the Ecology Party stood over 100 candidates and gained 54,299 votes.
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Walters's second novel, The Sculptress, which was inspired in part by an encounter Walters had as a volunteer prison visitor, won the Mystery Writers of America Edgar Award. Walters's third novel, The Scold's Bridle, then won the CWA Gold Dagger, giving her a unique treble. Walters's themes include isolation, family dysfunction, rejection, marginalisation, justice and revenge. Her novels are often set against real backgrounds and real events to draw her readers into the 'reality' of what she is writing about.
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Rabri Devi, succeeded Lalu Prasad as Chief Minister though Lalu was able to influence the government from the jail.This period saw rise of strongmen from both upper and backward castes, who carved out their separate area of influence.The Lalu-Rabri regime was not supported by Forward Castes due to their political and socio-economic marginalisation under Lalu's rule.A number of influential criminals who were portrayed as leaders of their caste rose to the scene as a reaction against Lalu's "Backward caste politics".
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Economic factors played a major role in the outbreak of the Arab revolt.Yazbak, M. (2000). From Poverty to Revolt: Economic Factors in the Outbreak of the 1936 Rebellion in Palestine. Middle Eastern Studies, 36(3), pp. 93–113. Palestine's fellahin, the country's peasant farmers, comprised over two-thirds of the indigenous Arab population and from the 1920s onwards they were pushed off the land in increasingly large numbers into urban environments where they often encountered only poverty and social marginalisation.
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Government officials illegally sold much of the land around Gwadar, making massive profits at the expense of local Balochs. The Pakistani government responded to the Baloch's increased resentment and resistance to their economic marginalisation in Gwadar with a hardline approach, stationing soldiers in the area to secure it from insurgent attacks. The construction project resulted in the employment of a large number of non-Balochs, especially Punjabis, even though there is an excess in the number of unemployed Baloch engineers and technicians.
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Waechter's influence was called into question in 1994 when the Greens decided to break with his policy of non-alignment, instead deciding to adopt a markedly left-wing stance. The move prompted Waechter to leave the Greens. He went on to found the Independent Ecological Movement. In the following presidential election of 1995, Dominique Voynet polled a modest 3.8% but, in due to the marginalisation of Ecology Generation, the Greens captured the leadership into the family of the French political ecology.
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European colonisation impacted the health of Indigenous Australians via land dispossession, social marginalisation, political oppression, incarceration, acculturation and population decline. The process began with the arrival of the British in 1788. With them came foreign diseases, dispossession, exploitation, warfare and violence for the Indigenous population, and the immediate effect was a widespread increase in mortality and disease. By the end of the 19th century, Indigenous Australians were greatly reduced in numbers and the survivors were largely confined to remote reserves and missions.
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Issues such as anxiety, stress, grief, and sadness are produced from this trauma, which have led to higher suicide rates, violence, substance abuse and incarceration of Indigenous peoples today. Social, political and economic factors that result from colonisation present barriers to quality healthcare, health education, and health behaviours. Acculturation has produced xenophobia, which has socially marginalized Indigenous people and excluded them from society. Social inclusion is a social determinant of health, and social marginalisation allows for injustices against Indigenous people to persist.
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Vine is the patron of Radio St. Helier, a UK‐registered charity providing radio programmes to patients at St. Helier Hospital in southwest London. Vine is a practising Anglican and attends church. He has deplored what he sees as the marginalisation of Christians in British society, saying that "You can't express views that were common currency 30 or 40 years ago". In August 2016, a car driver threatened and was abusive to Vine while he was cycling along Hornton Street in Kensington, London.
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Feminine marginalisation is made the image of the general public's political marginalisation.Soňa Nováková Supposed details of the author's personal history appeared integrated in the Atalantic world with the story of "Delia" in Volume two, and this was followed up by her autobiographical Adventures of Rivella (1714). Two volumes published in 1710, The Memoirs of Europe, were (in the early 18th century) often referred to as volumes three and four of the Atalantis, although they did not share the fictional setting.
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This is also known as heteronormativity, which can be defined as "...the normalising of heterosexual structures and relationships and the marginalisation of everything that doesn't conform" (p. 142). Having to maintain an identity that conforms to these gendered sexual roles, however, has not necessarily suggested positive outcomes. Vanwesenbeeck suggests: "... restrictive gender norms, which undermine women's power, competence, and agency, help account for women's higher rates of depression, poorer standardized scores on a variety of psychological outcomes, and higher discontent with sex" (p. 888).
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The story of the village serves as a microcosmic representation of the history of the nation as a whole. It has its own creation myth and fertility goddess, as well as having a composite healer/trickster called: The One Who Destroys. Although the novel exposes the themes of marginalisation and outsiderhood, it also provides hope for a new beginning. This emphasizes the central theme of the novel: simultaneous ambiguity, in the amalgamation of past and present, fact and dream, as well as history and myth.
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Margaret picked interest and appreciated women and gender between 1996 and 1998 when she researched on women in the media for her Master's degree at the department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University. Due to lack of women's participation in the media, they helped to organise scholarship for women and 50 women were able to benefit. Since then, Margaret has been advocating for the integration of gender into media training and work to solve the issue of women marginalisation in media fraternity in Uganda.
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However, early methods of traffic calming such as speed humps are now avoided in favor of methods which make slower speeds more natural to drivers, rather than an obvious imposition. Implementations of living streets that fail to address motor vehicle speed and volume usually result in domination of the street by motor vehicles and the marginalisation of walking and cycling. Furthermore, the elimination of a clearly defined boundary between vehicles and pedestrians can negatively affect walkability for those with sensory disabilities, most notably blindness.
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The film's title is taken from a 17th- century millenarianist book of the same name written by Portuguese Jesuit Antonio Vieria (1608–1697) who dedicated his life to the evangelisation of the indigenous peoples of Brazil. His book prophesied the rise of the Brazilian Empire to be the world's fifth great civilisation, after the Assyrian, Persian, Greek and Roman empires. The film references the book and its historical context to highlight the ongoing forced assimilation of Brazil indigenous communities and the marginalisation of indigenous culture.
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Percentage of boys and girls who experienced bullying in the past 12 months School violence includes physical, psychological and sexual violence and bullying, and occurs in all countries. The root causes include gender and social norms and wider structural and contextual factors such as income inequality, deprivation, marginalisation and conflict. It is estimated that 246 million children and adolescents experience school violence in some form every year. Violence and bullying in schools violates the rights of children and adolescents, including their right to education and to health.
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The cumulative impact of 230 years of colonialisation and the ongoing effects of marginalisation from control of the institutions that affect has resulted in high levels of Indigenous disadvantage in Australia. Historical and contemporary colonialism finds its expression in many social indicators such as Indigenous life expectency. Cash poverty is no exception. In 2016, 31% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians lived in households whose income was below the poverty line (using the '50% of the median equivalised disposable household income before housing' poverty line).
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He called them "... a very deprived group ... living in conditions of high density, again without access to adequate sanitation and water. And just nearby, you see other neighbourhoods with much better services." Kothari's description of the position of the Laks suggests that economic marginalisation in Khuzestan is not only experienced by Khuzestani Arabs, but also other ethnic groups who are indigenous to the area. Kothari's findings led to condemnation of forced displacement of Khuzestani Arabs in a European Parliament resolution, passed in October 2005.
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She is also a contributor to the National Business Review. As President of the New Zealand Association of Scientists she publicly criticised the adoption of the National Science Challenges, due to the possible conflicting roles of the Prime Minister's Science Advisor and the marginalisation of Māori. She has however praised the stability of funding provided for the National Science Challenges as well as the development of the National Statement of Science Investment in mitigating some of the concerns surrounding the adoption of the National Science Challenges.
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Muslim organisations in France, such as the Union of Islamic Organisations of France, strongly condemned the attacks in Paris. The attacks affected business at high-profile venues and shopping centres in Paris, and many Parisians were concerned the attacks might lead to a marginalisation of Muslims in the city. There was not the same call for solidarity with Islam, as in January, following the attacks. Sales of the French flag, which the French had rarely displayed prior to the attacks, increased dramatically after the attacks.
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Arvind Gaur is an Indian theatre director known for innovative, socially and politically relevant plays in India. Gaur's plays are contemporary and thought-provoking, connecting intimate personal spheres of existence to larger social political issues. His work deals with Internet censorship, communalism, caste issues, feudalism, domestic violence, crimes of state, politics of power, violence, injustice, social discrimination, marginalisation, and racism. Arvind is the leader of Asmita, Delhi's "most prolific theatre group", and is an actor trainer, social activist, street theatre worker and story teller.
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From 1967 to 1970, her academic studies were impeded by the civil war, and after it ended, Briggs moved with her family to England where she studied Marketing. In 1998, after several years in Europe, she returned to the Niger Delta and established Agape Birthrights, a non- governmental non-profit organization headquartered in D-line, Rivers State. Briggs, through her organization assists with developing areas, documenting, cleaning oil spill and fighting against injustices and marginalisation. She also collaborates internationally with other organizations from around the world.
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In December 2010, Ofcom approved the request from Bauer Radio to drop local programming content from the three Kiss stations, creating a national service on the condition that Kiss would be available on 35 DAB multiplexes around the UK on the day local information is dropped, rising to 38 within 3 months of the changes. On 27 December 2012, Kiss 100 appeared nationally on Digital One's national DAB multiplex. In November 2012, David Rodigan who had been with Kiss since its legal launch resigned citing the "marginalisation of reggae music" on the station.
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In response to the marginalisation of the literary by both mainstream publishing houses and by academia, Amit Chaudhuri began, in December 2014, a series of annual symposiums on what he called ‘literary activism’. This brought together writers, academics, and artists each year. One of the features of Chaudhuri's initiative has been a resistance to specialisation, or what he calls ‘professionalisation’. The project has involved the fashioning of a new terminology by Chaudhuri, in which he creates terms like ‘market activism’, and assigns very particular means to words like ‘literary activism’ and ‘deprofessionalisation’.
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Small student protests in support of or directly inspired by the removal of the statue and the Rhodes Must Fall movement also occurred at the University of Edinburgh and the University of California, Berkeley. Berkeley protesters felt the demands of the Rhodes Must Fall movement were relevant to their own grievances of perceived black marginalisation at Berkeley. At the University of Cambridge the movement catalysed the creation of similar 'decolonisation' student led initiatives such as the return of the okukor cockerel statue (taken during the punitive Benin Expedition of 1897) at Jesus College to Nigeria.
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From then on, the lives of the two boys follow very different paths. To Samad's fury, Magid becomes an Anglicised atheist and devotes his life to science. Millat, meanwhile, pursues a rebellious path of womanising and drinking—as well as harbouring a love of mob movies such as The Godfather and Goodfellas. Angry at his people's marginalisation in English society Millat demonstrates against Salman Rushdie in 1989 and eventually pledges himself to a militant Muslim fundamentalist brotherhood known as "Keepers of the Eternal and Victorious Islamic Nation" (KEVIN).
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He used Islamised vocabulary throughout his works (such as referring to the Psalms as suras), even when he expressed Christian ideas completely in opposition to Islam, such as the Trinity or that the Psalms were prophecies of Jesus' life.van Koningsveld, P.. The Arabic Psalter of Hafs ibn Albar al-Quti: Prolegomena for a Critical Edition His free use of complex Arabic poetic forms and Islamic-sounding language limited the marginalisation that Christians felt during the 10th century and after. All major Mozarabic intellectuals who lived after Hafs used Arabic extensively.
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The "Jacobean consensus" was shattered, and the Church of England began defining itself less broadly. The suppression and marginalisation of Prayer Book Protestants during the 1640s and 1650s had made the Prayer Book "an undisputed identifier of an emerging Anglican self-consciousness." Historian Judith Maltby writes that Anglicanism as a recognisable tradition "owes more to the Restoration than the Reformation". It was in the period after 1660 that Richard Hooker's thought became influential within the Church of England, as Anglicans tried to define themselves in ways distinct from Protestant dissenters.
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The history of the Sami people is one of marginalisation and Norwegianization – the government policy of forced assimilation of the Sami into Norwegian society. Christian missions among the Sami people go back to the Middle Ages, but from 1700 the Protestant and pietistic mission among the Sami, together with state colonialism, brought lasting changes to the Sami society (as well as religion). From around 1850 a very rough assimilation policy held the Sami people in a firm grip until 1980. This period may be referred to as the Dark Ages of the Sami people.
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Yucatec Maya Sign Language, is used in the Yucatán region by both hearing and deaf rural Maya. It is a natural, complex language which is not related to Mexican Sign Language, but may have similarities with sign languages found in nearby Guatemala. As the hearing villagers are competent in the sign language, the deaf inhabitants seem to be well integrated in the community – in contrast to the marginalisation of deaf people in the wider community, and also in contrast to Highland Mayan Sign Language. The oral language of the community is the Yucatec Maya language.
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Since the Post Cold War era, oil based revenues and its disbursements in the Niger Delta region has led to massive protests and violence among youth. Young people have engaged in attacks against oil firms and Nigerian militants, hostage taking and hijacking oil workers, youth militancy, vandalising oil pipelines, and detonating bombs. Tension in the public has caused conflict among minority and majority groups which has crippled national and social development. The youth's participation in violence is their way of expressing feelings of marginalisation and that their voices are not heard in competing for resources.
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Kikon was granted the Riksbankens Jubileumsfond Postdoctoral Fellowship at Stockholm University (2013–15) for "The Indian Underbelly: Marginalisation, Migration and State in the Periphery." This work traced the increasing outmigration from Northeast India to the rest of the country. Focusing on migration, it examined the expansion and outcomes of developmental activities of the Indian state in areas associated with economic backwardness, subsistence agriculture and armed conflict. Kikon and Karlsson define 'wayfinding' as a "voyage without a map or beaten paths or pathways to follow and with no clear destination or end station".
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A downward spiral is created in many underdeveloped countries by overgrazing, land exhaustion and overdrafting of groundwater in many of the marginally productive world regions due to overpopulation pressures to exploit marginal drylands for farming. Decision-makers are understandably averse to invest in arid zones with low potential. This absence of investment contributes to the marginalisation of these zones. When unfavourable agro-climatic conditions are combined with an absence of infrastructure and access to markets, as well as poorly adapted production techniques and an underfed and undereducated population, most such zones are excluded from development.
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The Pattern and Decoration movement consisted of artists, many of whom had art education backgrounds, who had been involved with the abstract schools of art of the 1960s. The westernised, male dominated climate of artistic thought throughout Modernism had led to a marginalisation of what was considered non-Western and feminine. The P&D; movement wanted to revive an interest in minor forms such as patterning which at that point was equated with triviality. The prevailing negative view of decoration was one not generally shared by non-Western cultures.
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Systemic drivers of insecurity, which may be transnational, include climate change, economic inequality and marginalisation, political exclusion, and militarisation. In view of the wide range of risks, the security of a nation state has several dimensions, including economic security, energy security, physical security, environmental security, food security, border security, and cyber security. These dimensions correlate closely with elements of national power. Increasingly, governments organise their security policies into a national security strategy (NSS); as of 2017, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States are among the states to have done so.
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The most prominent theme of this story is the rapid modernisation of Africa, coupled with the rapid evangelisation of the population. This has driven a wedge between the traditionalists, who seek to nullify the changes done in the name of progress due to vested interests or simply not liking the result of progress, and the modernists, who want to see the last of outdated traditional beliefs at all cost. Another core theme is the marginalisation of women as property. Traditionally, they were seen as properties that could be bought, sold or accumulated.
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Kemalism turned Alevis into legally equal citizens, and its reforms had a radical impact on them as roads were built through their formerly isolated areas, compulsory schooling was introduced, and communications improved, drawing them out of their marginalisation into active engagement in social and political life and into deeper contact with the outside world and the state centre. The new Turkish Republic fulfilled many Alevi expectations, enabling them to identify with and support its nation- building measures – the Alevis still see themselves as the protectors of Kemalism and democracy in Turkey.
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The town of Pocklington in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England has a recorded written history that goes back around 1,500 years, and archaeological evidence shows settlement at the site as long as 2,500 years ago. This gives it a longer history of settlement than larger contemporary settlements in the region and country such as York and even London. During this time, it has experienced plague, several invasions, the loss of its railway, and its marginalisation to a backwater under the Romans. Nevertheless, Pocklington has prospered where other market towns have failed.
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Furthermore, the vast majority of Limousin breeders could not afford to raise livestock in addition to their working animals, as was the case on larger properties that practiced crossing with Durham cattle. Finally, the marginalisation of English animals in competitions from the late 1860s reinforced the case to improve the breed by itself. The French Limousin Herd Book was then created in 1886 to ensure the breed's purity and improvement by recording only those animals that satisfied a strictly enforced breed standard. The real revolution of the 19th century was improved grazing.
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Affected people living on community land, in particular pastoralists, have raised concern about violation of land rights in association with the LAPSSET. . This includes fears expressed by pastoralist communities over land speculations, and subsequent dispossession and marginalisation . Pastoralists are furthermore threatened by a disruption of seasonal grazing routes caused by the construction of the highway that is part of the LAPSSET project . Environmental hazards have been listed as an issue of concern for local communities, especially in terms of environmental degradation in the context of oil exploration and transport .
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Roman trade with India according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 1st century AD The Flavians, although a relatively short-lived dynasty, helped restore stability to an empire on its knees. Although all three have been criticised, especially based on their more centralised style of rule, they issued reforms that created a stable enough empire to last well into the 3rd century. However, their background as a military dynasty led to further marginalisation of the senate, and a conclusive move away from princeps, or first citizen, and toward imperator, or emperor.
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The marginalisation of Bulawayo artists in Zimbabwe saw the influence of South African music dominating hence the emergence of kwaito music in Bulawayo pioneered by Go- Boyz in 1996 and more groups like GTI, Achuzi, Amagangsters, etc., emerged. A brand of Jazz was created in Bulawayo, in the 1940s and 1950s, and was made popular by August Musarurwa with his African Dance Band of the Cold Storage Commission of Southern Rhodesia. He recorded the legendary song Sikokiana which went on to be recorded in USA by Louis Armstrong and many others.
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She has identified several barriers to the progression of ALANA investigators, including the marginalisation of interests, apartheid within academia and microaggressions. Byars-Winston demonstrated that race and ethnicity impact career expectations more than aspirations. She launched the Training and Education to Advance Minority Scholars in Science program (TEAM-Science) and Culturally Aware Mentoring (CAM) programs, which look to embed self-reflective dialogue about race and ethnicity in science. She is working with the National Academy to examine the effectiveness of programs that look engage individuals marginalised in STEM fields.
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The petition expresses NFBUK's concerns with the switch-off, citing that the service is "vital for visually impaired, deaf, disabled and older people, as well as many other people who want to find out information independently in an easy, convenient and accessible format, who are not online." They're concerned that the withdrawal of the service would leave many already vulnerable people into further isolation and marginalisation from society. NFBUK states they cannot understand how the BBC can meet their obligations set in the Royal Charter following the cut of the Red Button Teletext service.
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The syndicate's initial main priority, according to Malika Amaouche, member of the collective Droits et prostitution and coordinator of the assises de la prostitution in 2009, was the repeal of the law on internal security (2003), which prohibited passive soliciting. It also aims to fight against discrimination and marginalisation faced by sex workers by claiming professional status to ensure their social protection and benefits. The syndicate also seeks to allow sex workers to speak in the public debate about their professional activity, according to its treasurer Mistress Nikita.
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Successful persuasion to minimize tormenting consequences. His renewed endeavours were aimed here at minimising tormenting consequences continually STILL faced by, not less than an estimated 20% of Sri Lanka's population – i.e. 4 Million People – experiencing impediments to their physical mobility, stability, dexterity and / or eyesight – in accessing and using in daily life even the NEW constructions. These include potential threat to their safety, marginalisation beyond expectations and unwanted dependency on others and thereby potentially CRIPPLING precious human life economically, socially and mentally – remain the most vulnerable, voiceless yet the country's largest minority group.
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The Latin Mass Society of England and Wales said: "Thirty-seven years ago, the Latin Mass Society was denounced by The Universe newspaper for its attachment to the Traditional Latin Rite under the banner headline, 'Latin Madness'. Today, the loyalty, determination and sufferings of the Traditional faithful have been vindicated by Pope Benedict XVI's wise and pastoral motu proprio. This [decision] puts an end to the discrimination, marginalisation and exclusion which, too often, Traditional Catholics have suffered. ...However, now is the time for the 'interior reconciliation in the heart of the Church' for which Pope Benedict calls".
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Explicit discrimination and violent homophobia are carried out mainly by religious extremists, while subtle discrimination and marginalisation occur in daily life among friends, family, at work or school. LGBT people often suffer abuse by the hands of the police, but it is hard to document due to victims refusing to give statements due to their sexuality. LGBT people are often arrested or charged due to their sexual orientation. Gays in jails are often sexually abused due to their sexual orientation, and often do not report it due to being traumatised and fear of being sent back to prison to suffer further abuse.
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It pitted today's majimboists, represented by Odinga, who campaigned for regionalism, against Kibaki, who stood for the status quo of a highly centralised government that has delivered considerable economic growth but has repeatedly displayed the problems of too much power concentrated in too few hands – corruption, aloofness, favouritism and its flip side, marginalisation. In the town of Londiani in the Rift Valley, Kikuyu traders settled decades ago. In February 2008, hundreds of Kalenjin raiders poured down from the nearby scruffy hills and burned a Kikuyu school. Three hundred thousand members of the Kikuyu community were displaced from Rift Valley province.
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In the years leading up to the outbreak of the war, the Flemish Movement had become increasingly prominent in Belgian politics. French had traditionally been the dominant language of government and the upper class of Belgian society. After a period of marginalisation, the Flemish Movement succeeded in achieving increased status for Dutch language, one of the movement's chief objectives, culminating in the legal recognition of Dutch as a national language in 1898. In 1914 new laws were passed giving further concessions to the movement, but the outbreak of war meant that their implementation had been postponed.
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The Qemant are a minority in Amhara pursuing greater autonomy. TPLF leaders are also angry at the displacement of around 100,000 Tigrayans, mostly from Amhara and Oromia regions, during and after the 2015–2018 anti- government protests. Since Abiy's rise to power, trends in Amhara are as troubling as those in Oromia and recent mass unrest occurred when Amhara nationalist militias attempted coup d'état. The Oromo have themselves long faced marginalisation and exclusion at the hands of the central government; in this instance, those targeted have largely comprised members of other ethnic groups that constitute minorities in the Oromia region.
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The British settlement of Parramatta began soon after the arrival of the First Fleet in Sydney Cove in January 1788. Governor Phillip, acutely aware of the agricultural deficiencies of the area surrounding Sydney Cove and seeking to achieve self-sufficiency for the colony, explored parts of Sydney Harbour and nearby rivers, finding Parramatta the most suitable local for agricultural settlement, where he established a settlement in November 1788.Kass et al 1996, p. 9. British settlement of Parramatta from 1788 began the marginalisation of the Burramatta people from their lands, as occurred with other peoples throughout the Sydney Basin.
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Philosopher of science Michael Ruse has written that followers of biodynamic agriculture rather enjoy the scientific marginalisation that comes from its pseudoscientific basis, revelling both in its esoteric aspects and the impression that they were in the vanguard of the wider anti-science sentiment that has grown in opposition to modern methods such as genetic modification. Steiners theory was similar to those of the agricultural scientist Richard Krzymowski, who was teaching in Breslau since 1922. The environmental scientist Frank M. Rauch mentioned in 1995, concerning the reprint of a book from Raoul Heinrich Francé, another source probably used by Steiner.
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The Traveller Movement (TM) is a charity based in the United Kingdom that supports the Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (GRT) community and challenge discrimination against GRT people. TM was founded in 1999 as a community organisation to combat the 'gap in service provision and the marginalisation of the Irish Traveller community in Britain'. The charity is currently led by Yvonne MacNamara who was appointed CEO in 2008. The TM and other claimants took JD Wetherspoon PLC to court following an incident in 2011 in which members of the Irish Traveller and Romany Gypsy community were refused entry to a Wetherspoons pub.
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After that, the communist leader outplayed them, as the communist rulers declared that the church had consented to transfer the decision-making regarding all problems related to Saint Sava to the executive chamber of the Socialist Republic of Serbia. The church even received a changed record of their meeting, as it read that the church had agreed that the locality was to become a "museum of church antiquities" and "fresco gallery" under state supervision. The church, recognising its marginalisation, withdrew its consent and repeatedly demanded to build the planned church. Émigré circles were approached for financial support, which the government dismissed.
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The Ismaili Shiites of Najran said they had petitioned King Abdullah in 2006 to halt settlement of up to 10,000 Yemeni tribesmen in housing projects built for them on the surrounding area of Najran city. A protest letter sent in January 2008 to the Governor Mishaal bin Saud complained of marginalisation and said plans to settle another Yemeni tribe must stop. "We received assurances that some issues might be resolved, but others will take time," said Mohammed Al Askar, an Ismaili activist involved in drawing up the petition. Prince Mishaal's term was last renewed in April 2005.
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Suzman was the first social anthropologist to work in Namibia's eastern Omaheke among "Southern Ju/'hoansi", where he exposed the brutal marginalisation of San that had lost their lands to white cattle ranchers and pastoralist Herero.Witness to the Persecution, Sunday Times Magazine, 1 November 1998 In 1998 Suzman was appointed to lead the landmark study, The Regional Assessment of the Status of the San in Southern Africa. Based on an ACP/EU resolution. Suzman later led an assessment by the Minority Rights Group International to assess how Namibia's ethnic minorities had fared in the first ten years of Namibian Independence.
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It has been compared to Margaret Atwood's later The Handmaid's Tale. Stand We at Last is a historical novel written from a feminist perspective; it politically subverts the form of the family saga, in the same way that Here Today is a crime novel, while pushing the genre to its limits. This novel asks questions about female identity in the contemporary world, and depicts the marginalisation of 'temps' owing to new technology. Closing traces the lives of women who meet at a sales training course, and argues that capitalism can have benefits for the women's movement.
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On 12 August 2009, Khan of Kalat Mir Suleiman Dawood declared himself ruler of Balochistan and formally made announcement of a Council for Independent Balochistan. The Council's claimed domain includes "Baloch of Iran", apart from Pakistani Balochistan, but does not include Afghan Baloch regions, and the Council contains "all separatist leaders including Nawabzada Bramdagh Bugti." After the Soviet invasion, around 4 million refugees from Afghanistan arrived and settled in the region which has resulted in substantial demographic imbalance. Perceived marginalisation as a result of increased Pashtun migration from Afghanistan during the Afghan War drives the insurgency.
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Gender discrimination is the stark and shameful reality of a country facing Nepal, a country that marches on the path of progress and aims to achieve modernity. Violence against women is pervasive and to this day, remains marked with acute poverty, inequality and marginalisation, especially in cases of single women. Research clearly indicates the horrific situation of the women in Nepal, caused by age-old norms of a male-dominated society. According to the 2011 Nepal Demographic Health Survey, 1 in every 5 women between the ages of 15-49, experience domestic violence at least once in their life.
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The New Age has also been identified by various scholars of religion as part of the cultic milieu. This concept, developed by the sociologist Colin Campbell, refers to a social network of marginalised ideas. Through their shared marginalisation within a given society, these disparate ideas interact and create new syntheses. Hammer identified much of the New Age as corresponding to the concept of "folk religions" in that it seeks to deal with existential questions regarding subjects like death and disease in "an unsystematic fashion, often through a process of bricolage from already available narratives and rituals".
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In 2009 Allotey moved to Monash University Malaysia as Professor of Public Health at the Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine. Her research has considered the relationships between gender, equity, human rights, marginalisation and global health, with a focus on tropical health and non-communicable diseases. She has investigated how gender enables the Sustainable Development Goals, and how to engage with communities to co- produce research and influence policy related to their health. Together with Daniel Reidpath she founded the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), a health and demographic surveillance system that was established in 2011.
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In around 20 percent of these cases opposition was from a small number of people. According to Michael Humphrey, a professor of sociology at the University of Sydney, much of Islamic culture and organisation in Australia has been borne of the social marginalisation experiences of Muslim working class migrants. This "immigrant Islam" is often viewed by the host society as a force of "cultural resistance" toward the multicultural and secular nature of the general Australian culture. Muslim practices of praying, fasting and veiling appear as challenging the conformity within public spaces and the values of gender equality in social relationships and individual rights.
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Jobs that were traditionally occupied by Indos were more and more taken over by indigenous people. As Indos numbered only 0.3 percent of the 60 million native people inhabiting the Dutch East Indies they came under increasing threat of marginalisation. At the same time the educated indigenous elite was also developing an Indonesian nationalist political agenda. During the early '30s the IEV still mainly orientated itself on the colonial top layer of Dutch expatriates and settlers, striving for true equality between the Dutch ruling class and the Indo-Europeans and profiling themselves as exponents of Western modernity in the Dutch East Indies.
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The quota was established to prevent, or at least slow, the marginalisation of rural interests as the New Zealand population became increasingly urbanised. It was also a way to counteract the influence of recently enfranchised working men; until 1879 only (male) property owners could vote, which meant that a disproportionate number of electors lived in the countryside. The quota was originally 33%, meaning that urban electorates were 33% larger than rural electorates and, essentially, rural votes were worth 33% more. In 1887 the quota was reduced to 18%, but then increased two years later to 28%.
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In the ensuing confusion, Sukarno agreed to allow Suharto to assume emergency command and control of Jakarta and the armed forces stationed there. Blame for the failed coup was attributed to the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), and in the following weeks and months a campaign of imprisonment and lynching of PKI members and sympathisers broke out across Jakarta and Indonesia. With Suharto's grip on power in Jakarta and Indonesia delicately poised, the scale and intensity of Indonesia's campaign of infiltrations into Borneo began to ease. The train of events set off by the failed coup led to Suharto's gradual consolidation of power and marginalisation of Sukarno.
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Critical systems thinking is a systems thinking framework that wants to bring unity to the diversity of different systems approaches and advises managers how best to use them.Werner Ulrich (2003). A Brief Introduction to "Critical Systems Thinking for Professionals & Citizens" Critical Systems Thinking according to Bammer (2003) "aims to combine systems thinking and participatory methods to address the challenges of problems characterised by large scale, complexity, uncertainty, impermanence, and imperfection. It allows nonlinear relationships, feedback loops, hierarchies, emergent properties and so on to be taken into account and Critical Systems Thinking has particularly problematised the issue of boundaries and their consequences for inclusion, exclusion and marginalisation".
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The Sustainable Security Programme aims to highlight the limitations of orthodox security policy that seeks to contain the symptoms of deeper conflict and to develop policy alternatives that address such underlying drivers as marginalisation, militarisation, climate change and resource scarcity. The Strategic Peacebuilding Programme is ORG’s conflict resolution programme. It deploys a unique methodology to build the capacity of local partners to engage in strategic dialogue towards lasting political settlements. Formerly the Middle East Programme, it has brokered a series of Track II dialogues in Israel, Palestine and Egypt and between Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria and other states. The programme uses a strategic thinking methodology based in ‘radical disagreement’ theoryRamsbotham, Oliver.
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It brings sex workers together to share information with each other about potential dangers."Sex workers abused by men posing as gardai", Irish Independent, 7 December 2014 Ruhama (Hebrew: Renewed life), established in 1989, is a Dublin-based NGO operated by the Catholic Sisters of Our Lady of Charity order, which works on a national level with women affected by prostitution and other forms of commercial sexual exploitation. The organisation regards prostitution as violence against women and violations of women's human rights. Ruhama sees prostitution and the social and cultural attitudes which sustain it as being deeply rooted in gender inequality and social marginalisation.
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The Flavians, although a relatively short-lived dynasty, helped restore stability to an empire on its knees. Although all three have been criticised, especially based on their more centralised style of rule, they issued reforms that created a stable enough empire to last well into the 3rd century. However, their background as a military dynasty led to further marginalisation of the senate, and a conclusive move away from princeps, or first citizen, and toward imperator, or emperor. Little factual information survives about Vespasian's government during the ten years he was emperor, his reign is best known for financial reforms following the demise of the Julio- Claudian dynasty.
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McDonald & Cusack, UDA, p. 49 The emergence of these two leaders at the same time however was to bring the fledgling movement into near civil war. Following a period of marginalisation Jim Anderson, who was serving as caretaker leader of the UDA, had resigned as chairman of the UDA and as a result a meeting was called of the group's leaders in March 1973 to determine who would succeed him. By this time Smith and Herron were recognised as the undisputed leaders of the Belfast UDA; there was a fear that whichever of the two was chosen as chairman the other one would automatically feel obliged to challenge his leadership.
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The Black Cobra gang follow certain rules and conducts on their actions, and have a system of delegated leadership power, if gang members do not comply with their rules, they risk facing membership expulsion, or a fine. Various factors have been found to contribute towards a member's decision to join the gang, such as socio-economic, schooling, family circumstances and immigration. It has been studied that reasons to join a gang are connected to societal marginalisation and exclusion, and often linked to anti-immigration sentiments. One argument on the cause for an individual joining a gang, is that it is believed that individuals of immigration background face negative scrutiny from society.
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Nitish initially decided not to attend the rally but lastly he had to go there along with George Fernández. Nitish used the forum to launch a direct and open attack upon Lalu's rule and alleged marginalisation of other castes who were equally ambitious to the Yadavs. Initially Nitish suffered defeats at the hand of Lalu Yadav and his party but later he was able to form a successful social axis of "Forward castes" with Koeri and Kurmi caste, who were the core supporters of Nitish. Also, after assuming power he launched a series of strike against criminal politicians and all the former Bahubalis (strogman) politicians were put behind the bars.
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As well as being a triumph for the Labour Party, the election confirmed the popular acceptance of the Treaty. The Civil War broke out shortly later, between the IRA and the new National Army, and ravaged the country in the following months. The new Dáil did not meet until September preventing Labour from having any influence over events. Public opinion and voting habits crystallised in a deeply polarised fashion in this period between the two sides of the national movement, and led to the effective marginalisation of the Labour Party and of social and economic issues that was to last for the rest of the twentieth century.
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145 This led to the marginalisation or disappearance of pro-independence political groups, and for a time the gap was filled by militant groups such as Terra Lliure.Lluch (2014), p. 53 In 1981, a manifesto issued by intellectuals in Catalonia claiming discrimination against the Castilian language, drew a response in the form of published letter, ' ("Call for Solidarity in Defence of the Catalan Language, Culture and Nation"), which called for a mass meeting at the University of Barcelona, out of which a popular movement arose. The Crida organised a series of protests that culminated in a massive demonstration in the Camp Nou on 24 June 1981.
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This significant growth in the Muslim population relative to the Christian population created tension over political representation, particularly when large sections of the Poso economy were controlled by Muslim migrants. The lucrative production and export of cocoa, especially, had been dominated by Bugis and Chinese migrants. Following the devaluation of the rupiah, the cultivation of such cash crops by migrants increased and several trans-migrant groups established plantations in previously forested interior areas considered to be Christian land. This marginalisation of the indigenous Christian population led to fears that the traditional, if unwritten, power-sharing structure of the Poso district, which separated administration between Christians and Muslims, may be threatened.
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Like Suhrawardy, Bose also felt that the partition would severely hamper Bengal's economy, and almost half of the Hindus would be left stranded in East Pakistan. The agreement was published on 24 May 1947 but was largely a political agreement. The proposal had hardly any support at grassroots level, particularly among Hindus. The Muslim League's continuous propaganda for the two-nation theory during the past six years, as well as the marginalisation of Hindus in the Suhrawardy ministry and the vicious 1946 riots, which many Hindus believed had been sponsored by the state, left little room for trust in Muslim League by Bengali Hindus.
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The party was formed in the backdrop of alleged marginalisation of the Koeri caste and autocratic rule by the Nitish Kumar government in Bihar. The formation of the party was supported by Chhagan Bhujbal, the deputy chief minister of Maharashtra. In November 2009, the party was merged into the Janata Dal (United) with the mending of ties between Kushwaha and Kumar. On 4 January 2013, Upendra Kushwaha who at the time was a Rajya Sabha member resigned from the Janata Dal (United). He alleged that the Nitish model had failed and that the law and order situation was becoming as bad as it had been 7 years ago.
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However, in the part of the Amazon Basin where the highway was scheduled to be built, they are known as "colonists" for having migrated to the region. He came to power on the promise of ending discrimination and marginalisation. Morales said that the US$420 million, highway project, funded by Brazil in the quest to access the Pacific Ocean, would be a principal part of his infrastructure plan. The highway would connect the agricultural region of Beni with the commercial crossroad of Cochabamba; it would also reduce travel time by half as it short-circuits Santa Cruz, a region that had opposed Morales' presidency.
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The Saskatchewan Métis' requested land grants; they were all provided by the government by the end of 1887, and the government resurveyed the Métis river lots in accordance with their wishes. The Métis did not understand the long term value of their new land, however, and sold much of it to speculators who later resold it to farmers. The French language and Catholic religion faced increasing marginalisation in both Saskatchewan and Manitoba, as exemplified by the emerging controversy surrounding the Manitoba Schools Question. The Métis themselves were increasingly forced to live on undesirable land or in the shadow of Indian reserves (as they did not themselves have treaty status as Indians with a right to land).
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He permitted few trusted Carlists to sit in the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET) executive, but expelled from the Comunión Tradicionalista those who had taken seats without his consent. In full accord with the actual Carlist political leader in Spain, Manuel Fal Conde, in 1938-1939 Don Javier managed to prevent incorporation into the state party, thus the intended unification turned into absorption of offshoot Carlists. On the other hand, Don Javier failed to prevent the marginalisation of Carlism, the suppression of its circulars, periodicals and organizations, and failed to avert growing bewilderment among rank and file Carlists. In 1939 he repeated his offer to Franco.
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The Saskatchewan Métis' requested land grants were all provided by the government by the end of 1887, and the government resurveyed the Métis river lots in accordance with their wishes. The Métis did not understand the long term value of their new land, however, and it was soon bought by speculators who later turned huge profits from it. Riel's worst fears were realised—following the failed rebellion, the French language and Roman Catholic religion faced increasing marginalisation in both Saskatchewan and Manitoba, as exemplified by the controversy surrounding the Manitoba Schools Question. The Métis themselves were increasingly forced to live on undesirable land or in the shadow of Indian reserves (as they did not themselves have treaty status).
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First session of the alt=Men in traditional Indian dresses posing for a photograph Mumbai had been a traditional stronghold and birthplace of the Indian National Congress, also known as the Congress Party. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay from 28–31 December 1885. The city played host to the Indian National Congress six times during its first 50 years, and became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the 20th century. The 1960s saw the rise of regionalist politics in Bombay, with the formation of the Shiv Sena on 19 June 1966, out of a feeling of resentment about the relative marginalisation of the native Marathi people in Bombay.
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The two clashed especially on issues related to centralisation and regional rights. Serrano intervened to make sure the address of Rodezno, delivered when accepting the hijo predilecto title from Navarrese diputación, is not distributed, Martorell Pérez 2008, p. 176 already in early 1938 heavily disappointed with the new partyin April 1938 Rodezno complained to Franco about marginalisation of Carlism and apparently managed to extract from caudillo a fairly frank opinion; the generalissimo valued the Carlists higher than the Falangists, yet noted that they were "pocos y sin atractivo pasa los masas", while Falange enjoyed "capacidad proselitista y captadora", referred after Javier Tusell, Franco en la Guerra Civil, Madrid 1992, , p. 298 and the emering regime in general.
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Disability and the Global South Journal; Special issue: Disability in the Sustainable Development Goals: Critical Reflections • Miles, S., Fefoame, G O., Mulligan, D. & Haque, Z. (2012) 'Education for diversity: the role of networking in resisting disabled people's marginalisation in Bangladesh'. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education Routledge. • Wickenden, M., Mulligan, D., Fefoame, G.O. & Katende, P. (2012) 'Stakeholder consultations on community-based rehabilitation guidelines in Ghana and Uganda', African Journal of Disability 1(1) Article #1. • Mulligan, D, & Barclay, H. (2009) 'Tackling violence against women – lessons for efforts to tackle other forms of targeted violence', Safer Communities, Pier Professional, Hove, UK. • Howell, J. & Mulligan, D. (eds.) (2005) Gender and Civil Society: Transcending Boundaries, Routledge, London.
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If HEC and ESCP join this system, ESSEC positions itself as a challenger and keeps its own preparatory classes and competitions. Two systems coexist as well. To be at the level of its competitors, however ESSEC passes its schooling from two to three years from the year 1947. This situation lasts until 1951, when ESSEC closed its preparatory classes to open to candidates of the public preparatory classes, more numerous, and thus avoid the marginalisation of its competition. If the ESSEC management criticizes the university model, it understands that the legitimacy of the school goes through increased recognition of the state, which recognizes it in 1942 and aims to graduate from 1962.
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Maphisa is located about 110 km south of Bulawayo and 10 km south of Kezi,Maphisa is also located 66 km from the Province's Capital Gwanda but due to negligence and marginalisation the road is in poor state making it difficult to connect the capital, To reach Gwanda you must travel via Bulawayo about 464 km. The small town was named after king Mzilikazi's Chief Maphisa Fuyana who was the regimental head of that area. Before its rename by locals to 'Maphisa', it was known as Antelope Mine, named after Antelopes which were comon in the area before human settlements.Maphisa is also a site of Antelope gold mine which started operating in 1913 but closed in 1919.
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His earliest work was based on the case of Nepal, where the marginalisation of peasant farmers onto steep slopes has resulted in erosion. Blaikie writes "A principal conclusion of this book is that soil erosion in lesser developed countries will not be substantially reduced unless it seriously threatens the accumulation possibilities of the dominant classes" (p147).David Simon (ed) (2006) Fifty Key Thinkers in Development, Routledge Blaikie's legacy from this book was the beginnings of regional political ecology, a particular approach to understanding the economic and political drivers of resource degradation and particularly the lack of access to natural resources suffered by poor or marginalised people. In Land Degradation and Society (1987) the approach received further development.
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To understand this concept, Wacquant argues for a single analytical frame unifying expansive 'prisonfare' and attenuating workfare, resulting in a deepening marginalisation and social and political subordination of stigmatized and defamed 'surplus' populations. Inspired by Bourdieu, Wacquant analyzes the structural constraints and consequences, but like Bourdieu endeavours to provide a more nuanced analysis than, for example, a reductionist Marxian economic analysis (cf. Rusche and Kirchheimer's Punishment and Social Structure, referenced by Wacquant in his Punishing the Poor (2009)). The ghetto and the prison are now locked in a whirlpool, when it is no longer clear which is the egg and which is the chicken: the two look the same and have the same function (p. 115).
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Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital (also known as "AAFH" and "Hamlin Fistula Hospital") and its regional Hamlin Fistula Centres provide comprehensive care for women who suffer from incontinence, physical impairment, shame and marginalisation as a result of an obstetric fistula. The hospital was created by the Australian obstetrician and gynaecologists Catherine Hamlin and her husband Reginald Hamlin to care for women with childbirth injuries and has been in operation since 1974. It is in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. It is the only hospital of its kind in the world dedicated exclusively to women with obstetric fistula (a condition common in the developing world where the maternal health provisions are poor), and it treats all patients free of charge.
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Cambridge House also provides arts & sports services for people with disabilities, youth empowerment projects, and 'Sports for Social Justice' programmes. Cambridge House's indirect services promote social innovation and systemic change through research and knowledge exchange, and by providing work and service spaces to other charities and civil society organisations. Cambridge House is a founder member of Locality and International Federation of Settlements, and part of a national and international networks of building-based and community-asset owned practitioners tackling poverty. The charity particularly focuses on tackling multiple deprivation, working to break cycles of disadvantage and crisis by providing a portfolio of specialist services which tackle the network of risk factors which maintain poverty and social marginalisation.
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The Commission of Inquiry into Post Election Violence (CIPEV) put it thus: > The post election violence [in early 2008]therefore is, in part, a > consequence of the failure of President Kibaki and his first Government to > exert political control over the country or to maintain sufficient > legitimacy as would have allowed a civilised contest with him at the polls > to be possible. Kibaki's regime failed to unite the country, and allowed > feelings of marginalisation to fester into what became the post election > violence. He and his then Government were complacent in the support they > considered they would receive in any election from the majority Kikuyu > community and failed to heed the views of the legitimate leaders of other > communities.
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47-50; Rodón Guinjoan 2015, pp. 324, 356, 417-8 The monthly helped to educate a generation of young militants who understood Carlism as a socialist movement of protest; it proved instrumental for the Progressist takeover of the movement and gradual marginalisation of the Traditionalists. However, it is not clear whether Montejurra was from the very onset a platform controlled by supporters of prince Carlos Hugo or whether it was rather a platform of first coexistenceaccording to one scholar Montejurra was "mosaico de opiniones", and those publishing included "progresistas, integristas, opusdeístas colaboracionistas, legitimistas, antifranquistas", Miralles Climent 2015, p. 47 and then competition between the Traditionalists and the Progressists, with the latter taking the upper hand around 1968.
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Mehta resigned from the National Knowledge Commission in 2006 in protest against the UPA government's Higher Education Policies. Mehta also resigned from the Executive Committee of the prestigious Nehru Memorial Museum & Library in 2016 to protest the appointment of a politically-connected bureaucrat as director. He cited discomfort at being complicit in what he considered was the marginalisation of academic considerations by the government in making the appointment. Mr Mehta also believes that reading news from authentic sources is the need of the hour especially when the youth of the nation is using websites such as quora and wikipedia to gain information and form an opinion, especially when misinformation and disinformation is on the rise.
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Niinistö said that increasing security cooperation within the EU might make joining the NATO unnecessary in the long run. Biaudet stressed European defence as well, while Arhinmäki wanted to strengthen the role of the UN. EU issues were topmost in the YLE debate on 15 December as well. In a debate organised by Helsingin Sanomat and Nelonen on 17 January, the last day of advance voting, all candidates expressed concerns regarding the social marginalisation of the youth. All eight were also critical toward possible increases of Finland's guarantees in the European Financial Stability Facility, although Lipponen stressed the importance of European cooperation and Biaudet said that Finland should actively participate in the solving of the EU's debt problems.
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A revived language or "Phoenix language" and "Zombie language" is one that, having experienced near or complete extinction as either a spoken or written language, has been intentionally revived and has regained some of its former status. The most frequent reason for extinction is the marginalisation of local languages within a wider dominant nation state, which might at times amount to outright political oppression. This process normally works alongside economic and cultural pressures for greater centralisation and assimilation. Once a language has become marginalised in this way, it is often perceived as being "useless" by its remaining speakers, who associate it with low social status and poverty, and consequently fail to pass it on to the next generation.
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China's "Strike Hard" campaign against crime, beginning in 1996, saw thousands of arrests, as well as executions, and "constant human rights violations", and also marked reduction in religious freedom. These policies, and a feeling of political marginalisation, contributed to the fermentation of groups who carried out numerous guerrilla operations, including sabotage and attacks on police barracks, and occasionally even acts of terrorism including bomb attacks and assassinations of government officials. A February 1992 Ürümqi bus bombing, attributed to the Shock Brigade of the Islamic Reformist Party, resulted in three deaths. A police roundup and execution of 30 suspected separatists during Ramadan resulted in large demonstrations in February 1997, characterised as riots by Chinese media and peaceful by Western media.
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The act divided the Cape of Good Hope into seven electoral provinces (or "circles"), with each being entitled to elect three representatives to the Legislative Council. In subdividing the country, Molteno had decided that seven was a sufficiently high number to allow for stable disagreement between the divisions, without causing lasting polarisation. He had insisted on an uneven number so as to avoid political deadlock, and had rejected an earlier suggestion of three, as it would allow for a persistent marginalisation of one of the three. A proposal for five was worked out in details but more minor objections were raised, and in the end it was decided that seven was the ideal number so as to ensure stability.
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"Raluca Turcan: 'Electoratul va vota covârşitor de partea preşedintelui'" ("Raluca Turcan: 'the Electorate Will Vote Overwhelmingly for the President'"), stirilocale.ro, 19 April 2007; accessed 5 May 2009 She also predicted that then-PNL leader Crin Antonescu would lose to Băsescu at the 2009 election and noted the party risked marginalisation if it continued its anti-Băsescu strategy. "Raluca Turcan pe post de 'mama Omida': Îi prevăd eşecul lui Crin Antonescu la prezidenţiale" ("Raluca Turcan as 'mama Omida': I Predict Crin Antonescu's Failure at the Presidential Elections"), Ziua, 27 March 2009; accessed 5 May 2009 Turcan supports modifying the Constitution in order to enhance presidential powers to those found in a consolidated semi-presidential system.
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Udaari (title from ; lit: To fly) was an Urdu and Punjabi language social Pakistani television series that was created and co-produced by Momina Duraid with Kashf Foundation for Hum TV. It focused on the social and economic marginalisation of citizens in Pakistani rural society alongside highlighting deeply rooted issues such as child sexual abuse, sexism and gender discrimination within these areas. It was aired from 10 April 2016 to 4 September 2016. The show is written by Farhat Ishtiaq and directed by Mohammed Ehteshamuddin. The plot of Udaari centres on the families of two Punjabi villagers Sheedan and Sajida, with Sheedan holding criticism being a local musician, being labelled as a Marasi whereas Sajida struggles for her daughter after her husband's death.
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However, the route through Armenia was politically impossible due to the unresolved war between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the status of Nagorno-Karabakh. According to Samuel Lussac, "[the project] will contribute to further regional cooperation between Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey," but it will also, "constitute a new stage in the further marginalisation of Armenia within the South Caucasus." The president of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev in 2005 reportedly declared, "If we succeed with this project, the Armenians will end in complete isolation, which would create an additional problem for their already bleak future." As further objectives, the railways is expected to provide stable goods turnover between Azerbaijan, Turkey, Georgia and the countries located on the other side of the Caspian Sea.
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The party has failed to regain the electoral support it enjoyed upon its foundation (e.g. 36% of the popular vote in 1921 general election).Hepburn, E. (2009) 'Explaining Failure: the Highs and Lows of Sardinian Nationalism', Regional & Federal Studies, 19(4/5) The party has been mostly marginal in the Sardinan political scene since the post-war period and this marginalisation has increased with the Italian establishment of a bipolar political system in the 1990s. Eve Hepburn, a political scientist, has suggested the reasons for the party's failure in getting electoral success and influence can be identified in different factors that include its ideological incoherence, its consequent erratic choices of coalition partners, its inability to adapt to multi-level politics (e.g.
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Together, these European medical regimes pathologized and invalidated homosexualities. Most importantly, both paradigms appeared frequently in Vietnamese historical sources, likely through French colonial transmission, contextualizing the current marginalisation of Vietnamese les and queer communities. As evidenced in Proschan and Tran's historical studies, European colonial, socio-cultural, and scientific modernity fundamentally altered gender norms in Vietnam. Prior to the arrival of European colonial modernity, “Vietnamese society did not show particular prejudice to people of diverse sexual orientations and gender identity.”UNDP and USAID, Vietnam, 11. For more details on the history of homosexuality in Vietnam from the 14th Century, see UNDP and USAID, Vietnam, 11-15, and Natalie Newton, “Homosexuality and transgenderism in Vietnam,” in Routledge Handbook of Sexuality Studies in East Asia, ed.
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' Anthony Breznican goes on to respond "I think its great, but also it is very British. It’s not just about black culture, but it's also about being a young British guy…" As the series progressed, Brothers With No Game received National press coverage in The Guardian, with the writer asking the question of why the show was not on UK television, despite its success online. In 2014, the main cast of Brothers With No Game were featured on BBC Radio 1xtra with Nick Bright, where each actor speed dated with guest host Sian Anderson. In May 2017, an academic research on screen comedy audiences featured a chapter on the shows and its audiencen in the context of 'the marginalisation of blackness on British television'.
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The changing nature of Irish society following the 1801 Act of Union saw a redefining of the status of women, with an idealisation of nuns at one extreme and a marginalisation of prostitutes at the other. Yet it was estimated that there were 17,000 women working as prostitutes in Dublin alone, and a further 8 brothels in Cork. Dublin's sex trade was largely centred on the Monto district, reputedly the largest red light district in Europe. A major part of the demand came from the large number of British army military personnel stationed in Ireland at the time. The ‘Wrens of the Curragh’, for instance were a group of some sixty women working as ‘army camp followers’ around the Curragh.
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It could be argued that the formation of the first triumvirate was the result of the marginalisation of an enemy (Caesar) and an outsider (Pompey) and the rebuttal of interests associated with Crassus by the optimates who held sway in the senate. A Roman bust of Lucius Cornelius Sulla in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek With respect to the aristocratic circles of the optimates who wanted the supremacy of the senate over Roman politics, Pompey was an outsider. He built his political career as a military commander. He raised three legions in his native Picenum (in central Italy) to support Lucius Cornelius Sulla in retaking Rome, which had been seized by the supporters of Gaius Marius prior to Sulla's second civil war (83–82 BC).
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He has examined the psychology of acculturation and intercultural relations, and has developed the concepts of acculturation strategies and acculturative stress. The concept of acculturation strategies refers to some different ways for how groups and individuals seek to live together, using the four concepts of integration (engaging both cultures), assimilation or separation (engaging only one or the other culture) and marginalisation (engaging neither culture). The outcomes of these ways of intercultural living have been described in terms of three forms of adaptation: psychological wellbeing; sociocultural competence; and intercultural relations. The concept of acculturative stress was developed as an alternative to culture shock; this concept uses the stress, coping and adaptation framework to describe the challenges encountered during the acculturation process.
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Gandhi with Lord Pethwick-Lawrence, British Secretary of State for India, after a meeting on 18 April 1946 The populations of some colonial territories, such as Canada, enjoyed relative peace and prosperity as part of a European power, at least among the majority; however, minority populations such as First Nations peoples and French-Canadians experienced marginalisation and resented colonial practises. Francophone residents of Quebec, for example, were vocal in opposing conscription into the armed services to fight on behalf of Britain during World War I, resulting in the Conscription crisis of 1917. Other European colonies had much more pronounced conflict between European settlers and the local population. Rebellions broke out in the later decades of the imperial era, such as India's Sepoy Rebellion.
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No Sugar is a postcolonial play written by Indigenous Australian playwright Jack Davis, set during the Great Depression, in Northam, Western Australia, Moore River Native Settlement and Perth. The play focuses on the Millimurras, an Australian Aboriginal family, and their attempts at subsistence. The play explores the marginalisation of Aboriginal Australians in the 1920s and 1930s in Australia under the jurisdiction of a white government. The pivotal themes in the play include racism, white empowerment and superiority, Aboriginal disempowerment, the materialistic values held by the white Australians, Aboriginal dependency on their colonisers, and the value of family held by Aboriginal people. The play was first performed by the Playhouse Company in association with the Australian Theatre Trust, for the Festival of Perth on 18 February 1985.
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These other parties included the Australian Party (established by former prime minister Billy Hughes) and the All for Australia League, and had little in common other than being "anti-political", often deriving from "the clashing of factions within the major parties", and not representing "any kind of long-term challenge" to the party system. John McCarthy suggests Campbell's attempts to promote the party as centrist were a result of the "complete marginalisation of the far right" at the preceding 1932 state election. However, despite Campbell's appeal to the middle-class, Keith Amos notes the party was "almost completely disregarded by the popular press", with "public interest in right-wing militancy" evaporating. Other authors have debated the extent to which the Centre Party was fascist.
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Saferworld was founded in 1989 in Bristol, UK. After changing its name from the Nuclear Freeze Campaign to Saferworld, its focus moved from nuclear weapons proliferation to campaigning for more effective controls on the proliferation and misuse of conventional arms. This included advocating for an EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports, and involvement in the first discussions about what is now known as the Arms Trade Treaty. In the 1990s, Saferworld began looking at the broader elements of conflict such as governance, power, marginalisation, access to resources, and development. Saferworld moved from Bristol to London in 1995, and a grant from the UK Department for International Development in 2000 enabled it to expand its work to start in-country programming.
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Most factories are deserted and the infrastructure has since been left to deteriorate. The reason for the de- industrialization has largely been political, with some factories like Goldstar Sugars removing machinery to open new factories in Harare. When the Zimbabwean government passed indigenisation laws, some successful businesses were taken over by ZANU-PF supporters, only to close down a fews years later. Many locals argue that it is because of marginalisation they experience against the government due to cultural differences between the Shona in Harare and the Ndebele in Bulawayo because the National railways of Zimbabwe (headquarters in Bulawayo) is a government parastatal and, as such, should have been thriving had it not been for embezzlement of funds by company executives who are believed to be Shona.
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Between 1922-1923, emigration consisted of not just families, but also young individuals. In the period between 1926–1936, a greater proportion of young Protestants between the ages of 10–24 years old appear to have emigrated from the Free State compared to older Protestants. The decrease in the number of Protestants resulted in an even greater proportion of Catholics and thus the culture associated with it, furthering Protestant marginalisation and giving the perception of Catholic triumphalism. The coverage of the 1936 census results by The Irish News in 1939 was later reprinted by the Ulster Unionist Council as vindication for their belief of what would happen to Irish Protestants as a whole in a united Ireland under home rule.
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Supreme Court again in landmark judgement. Perera saw the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka, after hearing submissions and arguments, in a 28-page long LANDMARK judgement given on 18 April 2019, clearly stated: "The stark truth is: Meaningful implementation of these Accessibility Laws by the State and the Private Sector is a continual failure and thereby, beyond doubt, even at numerous NEWLY built environments, there is destructive marginalisation". "It has caused continual violation of the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Article 12(1) and Article 14(1)(h) of the Sri Lanka Constitution, to the Petitioner, Dr. Perera and thereby denial of opportunity of equality for SAFE access and their use in daily life by the Country’s largest minority – others similarly circumstanced with restricted ability / mobility".
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Trans women in the United States have encountered the subject of anti-trans stigma, which includes criminalization, dehumanization, and violence against those who identify as transgender. From a societal stand point, a trans person can be victim to the stigma due to lack of family support, issues with health care and social services, police brutality, discrimination in the work place, cultural marginalisation, poverty, sexual assault, assault, bullying, and mental trauma. The Human Rights Campaign tracked over 128 cases that ended in fatality against transgender people in the US from 2013–2018, of which eighty percent included a trans woman of color. In the US, high rates of Intimate Partner violence impact trans women differently because they are facing discrimination from police and health providers, and alienation from family.
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Tombstone of Zalmen Berger (d. 1915), a Jewish soldier who fell while serving in the German army during World War I, Jarosław, Poland. Feldrabbiner Aaron Tänzer during World War I, with the ribbon of the Iron Cross and a Star of David, 1917 Fritz Beckhardt in his Siemens-Schuckert D.III fighter of Jasta 26; the reversed swastika insignia was a good luck symbol. Poster in memory of 12,000 German Jewish Soldiers who died in world war I (1920) Jewish war veterans entering synagogue for service to honor the war dead; Munich 1935 Some Jews did fear marginalisation as the German public enthusiastically geared up for the Great War, but once the war began such attitudes dissipated and the general reaction of Germany's Jewry was to greet the war with enthusiasm.
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Instead, let us build upon the rich histories of activism and bring our shared experiences of oppression and marginalisation together" A simple way of looking at it is a slogan adopted by self-advocates 'nothing about us, without us', encouraging educators to co-teach with people who have lived experience of mental illness or distress. A key concept in this ontolology is the idea of san[e]ism – a seventh structural oppression to go alongside those associated with race, gender, disability, age, class, and species. It is also defined as Mentalism (discrimination) : "From where we stand, san[e]ism is a devastating form of oppression, often leading to negative stereotyping, discrimination, or arguments that Mad individuals are not fit for professional practice or, indeed, for life (Poole et al., 2012).
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The activists were dragged away by the police and detained for four hours. Since 1997, as a result of the executive-led model preferred by Beijing and the lack of democratic accountability of the Chief Executive, and the marginalisation of the pro-democracy camp in the legislature by functional constituencies and split voting between constituency groups, giving pro-Beijing groups an effective veto over all motions, the pan-democrats have relied more on supervisory and control issues, backed by public opinion.Ma, Ngok. Political Development in Hong Kong: State, Political Society, and Civil Society, pg. 129. Hong Kong University Press (2007). Following a massive protest against a proposal to implement Article 23, which took place on 1 July 2003 and attracted half a million marchers, Beijing appointed Zeng Qinghong to oversee policy issues for Hong Kong.
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The party's ideology was built upon the philosophical foundation of Russia's Narodnik–populist movement of the 1860s–1870s and its worldview developed primarily by Alexander Herzen and Pyotr Lavrov. After a period of decline and marginalisation in the 1880s, the Narodnik–populist school of thought about social change in Russia was revived and substantially modified by a group of writers and activists known as neonarodniki (neo- populists), particularly Viktor Chernov. Their main innovation was a renewed dialogue with Marxism and integration of some of the key Marxist concepts into their thinking and practice. In this way, with the economic spurt and industrialisation in Russia in the 1890s, they attempted to broaden their appeal in order to attract the rapidly growing urban workforce to their traditionally peasant-oriented programme.
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The Small Business Development Centre (now named the Small Business Unit) eventually became the first group in Jordan to offer Islamic microcredit, a novel means of offering credit in a way that conforms with the Islamic prohibition on charging interest. In 2002, JOHUD created another sub-organisation dedicated to the rights of young people. The Princess Basma Youth Resource Centre (PBYRC) is now the group's busiest programme leader, and its success has seen the group shift its priorities toward combating the structural issue of youth unemployment and poor civic engagement. Now holding the view that youth unemployment and marginalisation is the greatest barrier to development in Jordan, JOHUD has officially declared youth issues to be one of the group's biggest priorities, alongside its traditional focus on poverty and women's rights.
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Para 61. The court noted that South Africa has a multitude of family formations that are evolving rapidly as society develops, so that it is inappropriate to entrench any particular form as the only socially and legally acceptable one. There is an imperative constitutional need to acknowledge the long history in South Africa and abroad of marginalisation and persecution of gays and lesbians, although a number of breakthroughs have been made in particular areas. The court also found that there is no comprehensive legal regulation of the family law rights of gays and lesbians, and that the Constitution represents a radical rupture with a past based on intolerance and exclusion, and the movement forward to the acceptance of the need to develop a society based on equality and respect by all for all.
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From the time of their arrival in New Zealand, Māori lived in tribes that functioned independently under the leadership of their own chiefs. However, by the 1850s Māori were faced with increasing numbers of British settlers, political marginalisation and growing demand from the Crown to purchase their lands. From about 1853 Māori began reviving the ancient tribal or chiefly war councils where land issues were raised and in May 1854 a large meeting – attracting as many as 2000 Māori leaders – was held at Manawapou in south Taranaki where speakers urged concerted opposition to selling land. Inspired by a trip to England during which he had met Queen Victoria, Te Rauparaha's son, Tamihana Te Rauparaha, used the to promote the idea of forming a Māori kingdom, with one king ruling over all tribes.
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Flag of the Flemish National Union (VNV) which drove recruitment for the Flemish Legion There were several political parties in Belgium at the time of the German invasion in May 1940 that were broadly sympathetic to the authoritarian and anti-democratic ideals represented by Nazi Germany. In Flanders, the largest and most important of these groups was the Flemish National Union (Vlaams Nationaal Verbond, or VNV). The VNV was the successor of the Flemish Movement which had originated as a response to the perceived marginalisation of the Dutch language in Belgium during the 19th century. It became increasingly radical during and after World War I. VNV's ideology was framed in opposition to the Belgian state, calling for Flanders to form part of an racially defined "Greater Netherlands" (dietsland) by fusing with the Netherlands.
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Tami Oelfken (25 June 1888 - 7 April 1957) was a German teacher who became an author and controversial (especially at that time) education reformer. The "Tami Oelfken Community School" which she set up in Berlin-Lichterfelde in 1928 was closed down by the authorities in 1934 on account of its "pacifist, communist and pro-Jewish tendencies". Attempts to re-open it in Paris and, later, to promote her education reform ideas in France and then in England came to nothing, and in 1939 she returned to Berlin where her uncompromising approach led to professional marginalisation. The focus of her activity was increasingly on her writing, though both the novels she produced for publication during the war years were banned, in one case before and in the other case shortly after publication.
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The book is still in development phase, but has now attracted funding from the New Zealand public arts funder Creative New Zealand. The Three Words project has also proved to be a catalyst for promoting the work of New Zealand women comics artists and writers through their blog and Facebook group. The project has resulted in some controversy, as it has highlighted the marginalisation of women in New Zealand comics (as discussed on National Radio by Adrian Kinnaird, editor of From Earth's End: The Best of New Zealand Comics). Square Planet Comics publisher Tara Black argues for the importance of the Three Words project because it will help to address "the invisibility of the work of women in the creative sphere" by existing "...forever as documented evidence of women producing comics".
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Moreover, families who are homeless through their living conditions are often more exposed to crime, alcoholism, violence and drug use. According to several studies conducted by various academic journals, children who experience homelessness can often have trouble adapting to new environments in adulthood and are at higher risk for experiencing trauma and abuse, thus identifying the long term impacts of the social conditions of family homelessness can have on children and adolescents . Moreover, those who are classified as homeless are not only disconnected from social support networks, but also from meaningful daily interactions with others such as those beyond their immediate family, friends, and their local community. This is attributed to lack of communication devices as well as many homeless families being isolated due to fear of judgement as well as alienation and marginalisation.
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Concerned by ZAPU's apparent political marginalisation, ZIPRA commanders in Matabeleland built up their forces. Over 6,000 ZIPRA troops assembled at Gwaai River Mine, to the north-west of Bulawayo, with Soviet-made T-34 tanks, BTR-152 armoured personnel carriers (APCs) and anti-aircraft guns; another ZIPRA base at Essexvale, to the south- east, formed an armoured battle group including 10 T-34s. Tensions escalated further when Mugabe removed Nkomo from Home Affairs on 10 January 1981 and made him a minister without portfolio instead, in what many in Zimbabwe saw as a demotion. According to Brigadier Mike Shute, then head of the Zimbabwe National Army's 1 Brigade, groups of ZANLA and ZIPRA guerrillas, theoretically under his command, were soon "all over the place and having continual clashes and minor battles with each other".
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Amnesty International Accuses Nigerian Military of Killing Unarmed Biafran Separatists The European Union through its High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini had previously said it was in support of the peaceful conduct of a referendum on independence.Referendum: EU High Representative Replies Biafra, Organization of Emerging African States" Reacting to the Biafran Day killings, the Deputy President of the Nigerian Senate, Ike Ekweremadu, lamented that “in a democracy people should be entitled to speak their minds and to assemble under responsible circumstances." Responding to the agitations for the re-secession of Biafra occasioned by perceptions of marginalisation, a former Vice President of Nigeria, Atiku Abubakar, advocated for the restructuring of Nigeria to remove the impediments to the economic and political development of the country and put to bed cries of injustice.
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In the late 1980s Wilton came out as a lesbian, which gave her a strong sense of identity and politics as well as informing her intellectual work, although she never felt completely accepted by lesbians who had come out earlier in life because of her personal history of heterosexuality. She wrote in 1993, "the positionality of "lesbian" offers a potent site from which to investigate the social, cultural and political interlocution of gender and sexuality". She saw herself as having a distinctly lesbian perspective on the issues she researched in a way that challenged the assumptions of colleagues and gay men, particularly in relation to gendered behaviour. In the lesbian edition of Sexualities (3[2], May 2000), Wilton noted the marginalisation of lesbian issues within sexuality studies and the journal.
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Concordis International's work in Sudan and South Sudan has aimed to facilitate informal dialogue, providing a forum where North and South Sudanese representatives can work together on key issues. Grounded in ten previous years of sustained peacebuilding engagement, the 2-year Sudanese Peace-Building Initiative (PBI), primarily funded by the European Union, lasted from January 2009 to December 2010 and, in cooperation with a number of Sudanese partners, increasingly focused on the development of cooperative, secure and economically viable relations across Sudan's North- South border. Concordis’ work on Darfur started soon after the Darfur conflict broke out in 2003. A series of inclusive consultations were held in 2004-5 on land use and tenure, on cultural, political and economic marginalisation of the region and also on enabling the sustainable and safe return as well as integration of the displaced.
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The Haiǁom are traditionally hunter-gatherers, and many aspects of this traditional culture have been preserved in spite of the political, economic, and linguistic marginalisation of the group. Characteristical features of their culture include healing trance dances, hunting magic, intensive usage of wild plant and insect food, a unique kinship and naming system, frequent storytelling, and the use of a landscape-term system for spatial orientation. The Haiǁom live in the savannah of northern Namibia, in an area stretching from the edges of Etosha salt pan and the northern white farming areas as far as the Angola border – and perhaps beyond – in the north and Kavango in the east. According to Ethnologue there were 48,400 Haiǁom speakers in 2006, but as with all figures on people and languages of low reputation this count might not be very reliable.
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The children were often held locked in sheds during the nights and sent to steal during the days. However, Chachipe, a charity which works for the human rights of Romani people, has claimed that this programme promoted "popular stereotypes against Roma which contribute to their marginalisation and provide legitimacy to racist attacks against them" and that in suggesting that begging and child exploitation was "intrinsic to the Romany culture", the programme was "highly damaging" for the Romani people. However, the charity accepted that some of the incidents that were detailed in the programme in fact took place. The documentary speculated that in Milan, Italy a single Romani child was able to steal as much as €12,000 in a month; and that there were as many as 50 of such abused Romani children operating in the city.
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" In 2010 Rebekah Farrugia states "the male-centricity of EDM culture" contributes to "a marginalisation of women in these [EDM] spaces." While turntablism and broader DJ practices should not be conflated, Katz suggests use or lack of use of the turntable broadly by women across genres and disciplines is impacted upon by what he defines as "male technophilia." Historian Ruth Oldenziel concurs in her writing on engineering with this idea of socialization as a central factor in the lack of engagement with technology. She explains: "an exclusive focus on women's supposed failure to enter the field ... is insufficient for understanding how our stereotypical notions have come into being; it tends to put the burden of proof entirely on women and to blame them for their supposedly inadequate socialization, their lack of aspiration, and their want of masculine values.
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In 2006, she set up a Centre for Advocacy on Stigma and Marginalisation (CASAM). She had begun working with children of sex workers in 2004, and built a hostel for them called Mitra in Nipani, Karnataka, in 2009. Seshu's work is focused on decriminalisation of sex work. She believes rehabilitation efforts can be misguided: > "In VAMP we have a slogan: “save us from saviours”. These saviours are > saving us for themselves, they’re not saving us for ourselves. If they had > come to save us for ourselves, maybe they’d help us get better working > conditions, they wouldn’t use the most oppressive arm of the State, the > police, to “help us”" Seshu wants safety and removal of occupational hazards in sex work - violence, unsafe conditions and practices, and she wants sex workers to have access to treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like HIV.
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Sur was responsible for publishing most of the work of the Generation of '27, and the quality of their editing brought Prados and Altolaguirre international prestige. At the same time as he was working in literature and pursuing his own creative talents, Prados took an increasing interest in social affairs and politics, particularly the marginalisation of the poorest sectors of society. The climate of violence in Málaga after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 led him to return to Madrid, where he joined the Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas and began contributing enthusiastically to the intellectual side of the Republican cause. As well as publishing his own works (his compilation of war poetry, Destino fiel, won the National Literature Prize in 1938), he edited various books including Homenaje al poeta Federico García Lorca and Romancero general de la guerra de España.
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I know of three such couples, in two of which a sexual relationship is actually indicated. At least two of these three couples were bound by ‘blood- sisterhood,’ a kind of ritual or spiritual kinship that, however, does not usually include living together. According to Tatomir Vukanovic, sworn virgins were in some places ill reputed for ‘certain abnormal sexual relations’ with their blood-sisters.” (From the chapter “Woman Becomes Man in the Balkans” by Rene Gremaux; of “Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History” Edited by Gilbert Herdt.) the latter due to the fact that he himself was gayAs remarked by Dejan Medaković in Efemeris which in homophobic Socialist Yugoslavia led to his marginalisation as a scholar and demise from positions of authority to which he had aspired as a Josip Broz Tito's partisan guerilla petty officer.
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Today, churches may still attempt to use this power in mission and evangelism.Stuart Murray Post Christendom: Church and Mission in a Strangle Land (Carlisle: Paternoster Press, 2004) 83-88, 200-202. The emerging church considers this to be unhelpful. Murray summarizes Christendom values as: a commitment to hierarchy and the status quo; the loss of lay involvement; institutional values rather than community focus; church at the centre of society rather than the margins; the use of political power to bring in the Kingdom; religious compulsion; punitive rather than restorative justice; marginalisation of women, the poor, and dissident movements; inattentiveness to the criticisms of those outraged by the historic association of Christianity with patriarchy, warfare, injustice and patronage; partiality for respectability and top-down mission; attractional evangelism; assuming the Christian story is known; and a preoccupation with the rich and powerful.
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Within four years, Rovers had been promoted twice and appeared at Wembley five times, with Muir scoring in the FA's centenary celebrations in 1988 and in Tranmere's Leyland DAF Trophy victory over Bristol Rovers in 1990. Injury prevented Muir partaking in the final strait of Rovers' promotion run in 1991 when they reached the second tier of English football for only the second time in their history. That summer, the signing of John Aldridge at Tranmere led to the marginalisation of Ian Muir, who remained a regular goalscorer when called upon for the remainder of his Tranmere career. To a generation of Tranmere Rovers fans, Ian Muir is remembered as a legendary player, who played the starring role in the greatest period of the club's history and also the finest centre forward not to have played in the top tier of English football.
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Later events surrounding the attempts of the Jacobites, the adherents of the excluded dynasts, to regain the English and Scottish thrones, led to a sharpening of anti-Catholic rhetoric in Britain and a distancing of the High Church party from the more ritualistic aspects of Caroline High churchmanship, which were often associated with the schismatic Non-Jurors. Eventually, under Queen Anne, the High Church party saw its fortunes revive with those of the Tory party, with which it was then strongly associated. However, under the early Hanoverians, both the High Church and Tory parties were once again out of favour. This led to an increasing marginalisation of High Church and Tory viewpoints, as much of the 18th century was given over to the rule of the Whig party and the aristocratic families who were in large measure pragmatic latitudinarians in churchmanship.
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These sociologists argued that economic shifts had seen traditional working-class jobs increasingly replaced by low-grade service sector jobs, often non- unionised and on zero hour contracts; EDL members were aware of this, believing that their parents and grandparents' generations had had a better quality of life. According to Winlow, Hall and Treadwell, it was the resulting "background of broadly felt anger and frustration" among the white working class, a "sense of disempowerment, abandonment and growing irrelevance", from which the EDL developed. The EDL provided these working-class individuals with "a very basic means of understanding their frustrations", blaming their economic insecurity and sense of cultural marginalisation on Muslims and immigrants. They cautioned that unless the left succeeded in reattaching itself to the white working-class then the UK would enter a period dominated by the political right.
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With no further hurdles standing in the way, Derry City joined the Republic's league, the League of Ireland, in the newly created League of Ireland First Division in 1985 as a semi-professional outfit (although they did adopt professional football while Noel King was in charge between late-1985 and 1987). However, if they thought that this would provide an escape from the marginalisation and sectarian politics in Northern Irish football, they would have to think again – Derry's supporters' buses often came under attack from sectarian gangs with stones and other missiles as they travelled through loyalist areas en route to away games in the Republic of Ireland. On occasion, buses still take a detour in order to avoid potential trouble-spots – especially on the days of high-profile games. Nevertheless, the city responded in their thousands.
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Some scholars argue that nonrepresentational theories encourage a focus upon the banal, everyday, ephemeral and small-scale at the expense of understanding and critically interrogating wider-scaled and longer-standing processes of marginalisation. Others argue that, whilst valid, nonrepresentational and 'new wave' approaches extend beyond the small-scale, offering useful and in some cases fundamental ways to critically and creatively re-think the ways that we do research with children and their 'common worlds'. A second key conceptual trend has been in work on Subjectivity, children's Political geography and emotion. For instance, Louise Holt (2013) uses the work of Judith Butler to critically examine the emergence of the infant as a 'subject' through power relations that are often gendered, as well as infanthood is a stage in the lifecourse that is subject to particular kinds of social construction.
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Political objectors in such areas may experience marginalisation from wider democratic processes and political apathy. This is often regarded as undemocratic, and is a major argument in favour of various multi-member proportional representation election methods. Safe seats may receive far less political funding than marginal seats, as the parties will attempt to "buy" marginal seats with funding (a process known in North America and Australia as "Pork Barrelling") while ignoring safe seats which will reliably fall to the same party every time; this is especially true in cases where the safe seat is held by the minority party. In countries that do not apply the first past the post system, many of which equally operate a geographic division-based system, selected or party sub-nominated candidates can be allocated a safer or more tenuous list position.
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The Battle of Stamford Bridge was fought just 4 miles from Pocklington, and was the first of two major battles in that year for control of the country (the other being the Battle of Hastings. The former marked the end of Viking rule in England and the latter ushered in a period of Norman rule. After the Norman conquest the manor at Pocklington became a royal manor – with the Percy family as the King's overlords – and under this royal patronage, Pocklington continued to prosper. Pocklington was recorded in the Domesday Book as "Poclinton" and, given its current size, it is surprising to note that at the time of Domesday (1086) it is recorded as being the second largest settlement in Yorkshire after York itself, showing clearly that it had bounced back from its marginalisation in Roman Britain.
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The emerging trend of xenophobia in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC led to the increasing marginalisation of Italians who, as Rome's primary fighters and tax payers, sought partnership and not subjection. Attempts to grant rights to surrounding allies had been continually thwarted in the past. In the mid-2nd century Gaius Gracchus had attempted to grant rights to Latin allies: > “He also called on the Latin allies to demand the full rights of Roman > citizenship, since the Senate could not with decency refuse this privilege > to men who were of the same race. To the other allies, who were not allowed > to vote in Roman elections, he sought to give the right of suffrage, in > order to have their help in the enactment of laws which he had in > contemplation. The Senate was very much alarmed at this.”Appian.
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It is possible that the site of 60-70 Elizabeth Street was once used by Aboriginals living in the area of what is now the City of Sydney. It is not known how many Aboriginals lived around Sydney at the time of the First Fleet in 1788, but several language groups are known to have occupied the area, the first of which to come into contact with Europeans being coastal members of the Dharruk group. Up to eleven small clan groups of around fifty people lived near Sydney Harbour. Although Governor Phillip harboured good intentions towards the Aborigines, widely disparate attitudes towards land ownership, the effects of disease (the Aboriginal population was decimated by an epidemic from around April 1789), and marginalisation caused a major decline in the numbers and cultural survival of Aboriginal people in Sydney.
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The "German Luther" also drew wide attention in 1917 during the First World War when nationalist themes were still recurring; at the same time, serious research of Luther's theology gained increasing importance. When the Lutheran areas of West Germany celebrated the Reformation anniversary in 1967, 450 years after the posting of the theses, the event took place during an "ice age" in the relationship between the state and the Church in East Germany. This became clear through the attempt to secularise the Reformation with the concept of the "early bourgeois revolution" and through the pointed marginalisation of events organised by the Church, for example by means of holding celebrations of the October Revolution at exactly the same time. In the Federal Republic of Germany there were only local celebrations, organised by the churches of the respective states.
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Building on the experience gained in this area since the entry into force of the Antipersonnel Mine Ban Treaty the negotiators of the Convention on Cluster Munitions agreed on a specific article on victim assistance (Article 5), which contains a number of obligations for States Parties with respect to cluster munition victims in areas under its jurisdiction and control. The Convention on Cluster Munitions also provides the following definition of cluster munition victims: " (...) all persons who have been killed or suffered physical or psychological injury, economic loss, social marginalisation or substantial impairment of the realisation of their rights caused by the use of cluster munitions. They include those persons directly impacted by cluster munitions as well as their affected families and communities." Hundreds of thousands of mine and explosive remnants of war survivors exist in 78 countries.
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The northern dissatisfaction with the constitution and terms of unification was a subject that the successive civilian governments continued to ignore. The northerns, especially the majority Isaaq, believed that the unified state would be divided federally (north and south) and that they would receive a fair share of representation post unification. The south proceeded to dominate all of the important posts of the new state, this included the President, Prime Minister, Minister of Defence, Minister of Interior and Minister of Foreign Affairs posts all given to politicians hailing from the south. The political marginalisation that majority of northerners felt was further exacerbated by economic deprivation, the north received just under 7 percent of nationally disbursed development assistance by the late 1970s, as more than 95% of all development projects and scholarships were distributed in the south.
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Bassani's enthusiastic editing of the text, following instructions from (daughter of Benedetto) who had offered him the manuscript, later became controversial, however; recent editions have been published which follow the manuscript more closely.Tomasi di Lampedusa Giuseppe: Il Gattopardo Also in 1958 Bassani's novel Gli occhiali d'oro (made into a film in 1987) was published, an examination, in part, of the marginalisation of Jews and homosexuals. Together with stories from Cinque storie ferraresi (reworked and under the new title Dentro le mura (1973)) it was to form part of a series of works known collectively as Il romanzo di Ferrara, which explored the city, with its Christian and Jewish elements, its perspectives and its landscapes. The series includes: Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini (The Garden of the Finzi-Continis) (1962, Premio Viareggio prizewinner); Dietro la porta (1964); L'airone (1968) and L'odore del fieno (1972).
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In comments published on 1 December 2016, about the U.S. becoming increasingly sidelined by Moscow and Ankara, Emile Hokayem of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, blamed the marginalisation of the U.S. in the Syrian Civil War and the region at large on Barack Obama, "The American approach to this conflict guaranteed the US less and less relevance, not just in the Syrian conflict but also the broader regional dynamics. There has been a loss of face and a loss of leverage. The politics of the region are being transformed and this happened under Obama, whether by design or by failure." In 2017, as Russia on the back of its successful military campaign in Syria forged closer ties with Turkey and Saudi Arabia, analysts and politicians in the Middle East concurred that Russia's clout in the region had grown “because Obama allowed it to’’ by failing to intervene robustly in Syria.
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With the collapse of the Eastern Bloc following the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 as well as the push for democratization, many Arab states have moved toward a model of fiscal discipline proposed by the Washington Consensus. Although authoritarian leaders of those states implemented democratic institutions during the 1980s and 1990s, their multi-party elections created an arena in which business elites could lobby for personal interests while largely silencing the lower class. Economic liberalisation in these regions yielded economies that led to regimes built on the support of rent-seeking urban elites, with political opposition inviting the prospect of political marginalisation and even retaliation. While some Trotskyists such as the Committee for a Workers' International have included countries such as Syria at times when they have had a nationalized economy as deformed workers' states,Grant, Ted (1978).
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And a declaration signed by a prominent group of Stellenbosch academics angrily pointed out that if Fagan's racial integration were allowed this would lead inevitably to gelykstelling (social levelling) and, as a result of pressure to give blacks equal civil rights, the political marginalisation of the white population; the upshot would be the death of the Afrikaner volk. Though they were angry, the Nationalists had not been caught unprepared: in fact, Malan had already set up a rival commission headed by his closest confidante, Paul Sauer, and staffed by three NP parliamentarians, and which had reported in 1947. The Sauer Commission had given added detail and heft to the Nationalists' policy of apartheid, recommending that influx control measures be strengthened to prevent any mixing between the races, with black people consigned to the reserves. It was this hard-line view which triumphed when Malan's National Party won the 1948 general election.
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Educating for Global Justice The Centre for International Education and Research (CIER) evolved in the 1950s, at the University of Birmingham UK, in the context of the involvement of British academics in the new international educational role of the United Nations. Within the philosophy of Global justice, research and teaching interests at CIER include: human security, extremism, conflict and emergencies, sustainable development and environmental justice; global citizenship, human rights, and democracy; marginalisation, street children, inclusion and special educational needs (SEN); international development, and university internationalisation. The Centre runs an ‘International Studies in Education’ programme, at Masters and PhD levels, reflecting the fields of International education and Comparative education, and the work of international organisations such as UNESCO and UNICEF. The Centre has worked with academics and students from most parts of the world, including Africa, South and East Asia, Europe, Middle East, and North and South America.
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The Austrian version of Verzuiling is the long-standing Proporz doctrine (a hypocorism for Proportionalität, German for 'proportionality'). This was first only within the politics of the second Austrian republic, but later degenerated into a neo-corporatist system of patronage and nepotism pervading many aspects of Austrian life. The Proporz was created, developed and promoted by the two mainstream parties, the Catholic Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and the Social-Democratic Socialist Party of Austria (since 1991 Social Democratic Party of Austria, both names with the acronym of SPÖ). This de facto two-party system collapsed with the elections of 1999, which resulted in the joining of the national-conservative Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), whose political marginalisation and that of its predecessor, the Federation of Independents (VdU), was the main reason for the establishment of the Proporz policy, because of their pro-German and individualist views.
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However, the grassroots leaders in the unions had become increasingly worried about their marginalisation in Singaporean politics. Peter Vincent, President of the NTUC from 1980 to 1984, stated that PAP technocrats should "remain in advisory positions [in the NTUC] until they have gained the respect of the union movement". In response, Ong "increased the levels of consultation with his colleagues in the NTUC" and "reversed the trend of excluding grassroots leaders from the upper reaches of the NTUC". Ong was also a ferocious union activist, "working actively and forcefully in the interests of the unions in a way that Lim had never seen to do" and "stretch[ing] union activism to the very limits of that which would be tolerated by the government"; Barr argues that this activism would have been impossible to tolerate had anyone else less trusted than Ong had been charge of the NTUC.
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Disillusioned with what he perceived as a lack of direction within the Dalit movement, as well as the rapid erasure of the inclusive foundations of the modern Indian state, Ramaiah and a few others within the movement envisioned a broad-based cultural response to address the roots of social exclusion in India. They saved a rupee a day for many years towards the establishment of Aadima, an experimental space that aims to temper the overarching need for political modernity with an understanding of the history of cultural resistance and the philosophical meaning systems that evolved as a response to centuries of marginalisation. Aadima was founded in 2005, adjoining Shivagange Village on the Anthargange Hill Range. Since then, Aadima has been researching and documenting oral traditions and narratives, creating plays and films and, experimenting in educational pedagogy with numerous communities that live in the Anthargange Hill Range.
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Diego Barcala, Iturmendi, el requeté que aspira a ser rector, [in:] Público service 12.04.11, available here In some partisan works he is dubbed “canalla”.Antonio Arizmendi, Patricio de Blas Zabaleta, Conspiración contra el obispo de Calahorra: Denuncia y crónica de una canallada, Madrid 2008, , pp. 12, 58, 95-96. The book deals with the Francoist smear campaign, subsequent marginalisation and media blackout on Fidel García Martínez, the former bishop of Calahorra; Iturmendi is presented as the one who forced the church into silence over the regime’s campaign of insults and mockery There are authors who deny him the name of a TraditionalistIturmendi is dubbed “pseudo-tradicionalista” in Miralles Climent 2018, p. 332 or a Carlist.Iturmendi is classified as representative of „post-carlism”, Bartyzel 2015, p. 69 In scientific historiographic discourse Iturmendi has not earned a monograph so far, be it a full-blown biography or a minor article.
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In 2016, the prize was awarded Ms Yanar Muhammed, Chairperson of Organization of Women's Freedom in Iraq (OWFI), working to promote women's rights generally, and especially to provide shelter and protection for women left vulnerable during the armed conflict going on in Iraq since 2003, and also motivated by the patriarchal norms of family honor prevalent in the region. In 2004, Rebiya Kadeer was awarded the Rafto Prize for her efforts to bring to the end social and economic marginalisation of the Uyghur people of Xinjiang. In a promotion of the human rights of the Uyghur people, the Rafto Foundation published a book, “In Our World of Good and Evil”, (2006) and assisted in a production of a documentary, “On a tightrope” (2006). In 2000, Kim Dae-jung was awarded the Rafto Prize for his tireless fight for democracy and human rights in Korea.
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After the IFP's dismal results in the 2009 general elections, members of the party began debating a change in leadership for the upcoming 2011 local government elections. With party leader Buthelezi previously stating in 2005 that he would not seek re-election, the succession battle brewed down to those supporting Magwaza-Msibi (including the Youth Brigade and SADESMO), old-guard leaders supporting general secretary Musa Zondi, and those in the National Council advocating Buthelezi to remain leader to preserve unity. Relations between Magwaza-Msibi and IFP leadership soured after her supporters began openly campaigning for her, with some being expelled from the party for "sowing division" in the party. Magwaza-Msibi eventually left the Inkatha Freedom Party and announced the formation of the National Freedom Party on 25 January 2011 in Durban, saying she accepted her expulsion from the IFP after "more than two years of marginalisation and ostracism".
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Ganilau also spoke of the importance of chiefly institutions, saying that chiefs provided permanent leadership for the Fijian people, unlike politicians who could be dismissed at the ballot box and were susceptible to the temptation to appeal to voters' racist sympathies to win power. "Very often, to remain in power the easiest option for them would be to play the racist card, drum up fears of marginalisation and extinction of other ethnic groups," he said. He said the country would prosper if all political leaders would support the role of chiefly leaders and make "a serious effort" to bring together all the people of Fiji. In a speech to the Lautoka Rotary Club on 13 May 2005, Ganilau called for better pay for professional and skilled workers, and also attacked racial discrimination in the employment, saying that it was socially and economically harmful and resulted in second rate replacements for talented people.
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The Government of India awarded Sankaran the civilian honor of the Padma Bhushan in 2005, which was later refused by him. In 2011, a year after his death, the Government of Andhra Pradesh installed his statue in front of the office of the Department of Social Welfare, the first instance a civil servant was honored by the government with a statue. On his birthday (22 October) in 2013, C. H. Hanumantha Rao, a former member of the National Advisory Council, released the first of the two-volume publication, Marginalisation, Development and Resistance: Essays in Tribute to SR Sankaran, which detailed his contributions for the welfare of the marginalized communities. When Malavath Purna, a Dalit teenager, summitted Mount Everest in May 2014, thus becoming the youngest female to summit the highest peak in the world, she carried a photograph of Sankaran and B. R. Ambedkar, in honour of the services rendered by them towards the cause of Dalits.
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Javier Lavardín, Historia del ultimo pretendiente a la corona de España, Paris 197, pp. 89-92 Until the mid-1960s Montejurra pursued a careful tactics. The monthly underlined the official auto-definition of the system as a representative and social monarchy and tried to stress the royal threads as much as possible. On the other hand, while loyal to Franco the monthly preferred to avoid exaltation of caudillo,though there were exceptions, compare Antonio del Valle, Perdón si, olvido no, [in:] Montejurra 45 (1964), p. 6 to de-emphasize Falangismcompare protests over marginalisation of Carlism within Movimiento, e.g. Del dicho al hecho hay un gran trecho; o la desvirtuación arbitraria del 18 de julio, [in:] Montejurra 44 (1964), p. 4, or complaints of "abuzos disfrazados de Movimiento", Movimiento Obrero Tradicionalista, [in:] Montejurra 45 (1964), p. 7 and to mark its distance to autocratic features.compare exalted references to Arriba España, camisa azul and Franco, Estampas de la Cruzada, [in:] Montejurra 46 (1964), p.
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William Wycherley in 1675 After the 18-year Puritan stage ban was lifted at the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the theatrical life of London recreated itself quickly and abundantly. During the reign of Charles II (1660–1685), playwrights such as John Dryden, George Etherege, Aphra Behn, and William Wycherley wrote comedies that triumphantly reassert aristocratic dominance and prestige after the years of middle class power during Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth. Reflecting the atmosphere of the Court, these plays celebrate a lifestyle of sensual intrigue and conquest, especially conquest that served to humiliate the husbands of the London middle classes and to avenge, in the sensual arena, the marginalisation and exile suffered by royalists under Cromwell. Charles' personal interest in the stage nourished Restoration drama, and his most favoured courtiers were poets, playwrights, and men of wit, such as John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, Charles Sackville, Earl of Dorset, and William Wycherley.
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The Chinese Market Gardens are also made more significant because of historic inter-relations between the Chinese market gardeners and the La Perouse Aboriginal community. These connections arose partly through proximity, with the gardens being adjacent to the Aboriginal-owned "Hill 60" and close to the La Perouse Aboriginal "Reserve", and partly through shared historic marginalisation from mainstream Australian culture. As Janice Wilton has observed, the "ambiguous position Chinese market gardeners held in local communities" can be seen to be symbolised by the location of their gardens on the edges of towns - "placed on the periphery of white settlement and of European social and working life".Wilton, p29 The La Perouse gardens demonstrate this aspect of Australian history in their location which in 1900 was remote from the city centre, and in their historic connections to Sydney's indigenous population and to the unemployed who lived in the adjacent shanty town located on Hill 60 during the 1930s depression and afterwards.
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The Equal Opportunities Committee of the Scottish Parliament in 2001 and in 2009 confirmed that widespread marginalisation and discrimination persists in Scottish society against gypsy and traveller groups. A 2009 survey conducted by the Scottish Government also concludes that Scottish gypsy and travellers had been largely ignored in official policies. A similar survey in 2006 found discriminatory attitudes in Scotland towards gypsies and travellers, and showed 37 percent of those questioned would be unhappy if a relative married a gypsy or traveller while 48 percent found it unacceptable if a member of the gypsy or traveller minorities became primary school teachers. A report by the University of the West of Scotland found that both Scottish and UK governments had failed to safeguard the rights of the Roma as a recognized ethnic group and did not raise awareness of Roma rights within the UK. Additionally, an Amnesty International report published in 2012 stated that Gypsy Traveller groups in Scotland routinely suffer widespread discrimination in society, as well as a disproportionate level of scrutiny in the media.
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That but for the economic interests of the imperialists, the Ijaw ethnic nationality would have evolved as a distinct and separate sovereign nation, enjoying undiluted political, economic, social, and cultural AUTONOMY. c. That the division of the Southern Protectorate into East and West in 1939 by the British marked the beginning of the balkanisation of a hitherto territorially contiguous and culturally homogeneous Ijaw people into political and administrative units, much to our disadvantage. This trend is continuing in the balkanisation of the Ijaws into six states-Ondo, Edo, Delta, Bayelsa, Rivers and Akwa Ibom States, mostly as minorities who suffer socio-political, economic, cultural and psychological deprivations. d. That the quality of life of Ijaw people is deteriorating as a result of utter neglect, suppression and marginalisation visited on Ijaws by the alliance of the Nigerian state and transnational oil companies . e. That the political crisis in Nigeria is mainly about the struggle for the control of oil mineral resources which account for over 80% of GDP, 95 %of national budget and 90% of foreign exchange earnings.
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Many years after RCIADIC, problems persisted, and various criticisms have been made about the Commission. Some blame the lack of commitment by the various governments to properly implement its recommendations; others blame the Commission, saying it was too constrained by its mandate and so could not possibly have achieved the necessary reforms to tackle the marginalisation of Indigenous people. An in- depth analysis of RCIADIC by Elena Marchetti, Senior Lecturer at Griffith Law School, published in 2005, concludes: "Despite its many flaws - including the fact that legalistic perspectives were generally privileged at the expense of the more non-orthodox points of view – the RCIADIC remains the most comprehensive investigation ever undertaken into the deep disadvantage experienced by Indigenous people as a result of colonisation". A 2018 review by Deloitte commissioned in December 2017 by the then Indigenous Affairs Minister, Nigel Scullion, found that only 64% of the recommendations had been fully implemented, and the rate of imprisonment of Indigenous Australians had almost doubled during the 27 years since 1991.
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Akhil Gupta argued in 2012 that structural violence has been the key influence in the nature and distribution of extreme suffering in India, driven by the Indian state in its alleged corruption, overly bureaucratic standards of governance used to exclude the middle and working classes from the political system through a system of politicized poverty. Jacklyn Cock's 1989 paper in the Review of African Political Economy applied Galtung's theory of structural violence, analysing the role of militarized society under the apartheid regime of South Africa in the development of patriarchal values that is a form of structural violence against women. Cock found that tacit misdirection of women in society by its leadership focused their energies toward the direct and indirect incorporation of the patriarchal regime in order to maintain the status quo. Mats Utas claimed that even those youth in Liberia indirectly unaffected by direct violence in the civil war of 1989-1996 suffered from structural violence in the form of association with different blocs, leading to poverty, joblessness and marginalisation effects.
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Alcohol abuse was found to be the main cause of violence against women, among many other causes. During 2011, she formed a Tri-partnership with the Ministry of Education and the Law Faculty of the University of Namibia for all Junior and Senior Secondary Schools country-wide, to train 800 School Counsellors and Life Skills Teachers in the causes and consequences of Gender Based Violence, with the view to sensitise and educate 67,552 students. During 2011, WAD and its main donor as implementing agents, together with the Ministry of Gender Equality & Child Welfare; the Law Faculty of the University of Namibia; and the Legal Assistance Centre, launched a N$6 Million project: "My Rights as a Woman and Namibian Citizen: Gender and Human Rights Awareness-raising in the Namibian Society", to contribute towards a more gender sensitive Namibian society where human rights are protected and where women enjoy equal opportunities without fear of discrimination, marginalisation or harassment. 9 000 community members; decision-makers and community leaders were trained in the contents of gender-related laws, including the Combating of the Domestic.
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" He also told the Commission that a contributing factor to the patterns of sexual abuse was the culture of clericalism that isolates the assignment of clergy from all influence by the laity along with the Church's marginalisation of women. He said titles and forms of address given priests and such popular practices as kissing a bishop's ring needed to change: "I’m not very comfortable with those sorts of practices because they encourage a certain infantilisation of the laity and that creation of the power distance between the ordained and the non- ordained". His testimony was repeatedly applauded by survivors of abuse and their advocates. Addressing the National Council of priests on 30 August 2017, Long said church culture had contributed to the sex abuse crisis, that the Church needed "a new wine in new wineskins, not a merely cosmetic change or worse, a retreat into restorationism" and explained that "The new wine of God's unconditional love, boundless mercy, radical inclusivity and equality needs to be poured into new wineskins of humility, mutuality, compassion and powerlessness.
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This was exemplifiied in 2019 when Labour lost several more seats to the Conservatives in their traditional heartlands, including seats such as Burnley who hadn't had a Tory MP for more than a decade. Many other academics have also suggested the link between voting 'leave' and a rejection of neoliberalism and globalisation and the sense of economic insecurity that some members of society have felt as a result of these economic processes. Bateman suggests that today's globalised world has contributed to the feeling of fast-paced changes in society and the economy, leading to the sense of being 'left behind', which she argues motivated some voters to vote 'leave'. In a similar manner to the arguments of Goodwin, Ford and Bateman it has also been suggested that both economically and socially 'left behind' groups "are united by a general sense of insecurity, pessimism and marginalisation", increasingly feeling as though liberalised society as well as the UK and European establishments do not represent their interests or share their concerns.
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On 27 May, tens of thousands of Moroccans took to the streets of Casablanca protesting against the government's alleged failure to tackle unemployment and other social woes, accusing Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane of failing to deliver promised reforms. On 22 July, hundreds of protesters led by 20 February Youth Movement marched in the working class area of Sidi Bernoussi in Casablanca and chanted against government policies, social marginalisation, and corruption. They also took aim at the wealthy clique of Moroccans known as the Makhzen, the governing elite centred around monarch King Mohammed VI. They were later met with violence by police; suddenly at the very end, police started beating street vendors and passers-by and later started chasing and apprehending protesters. On 11 August, nearly 1,000 people gathered in Casablanca chanting anti-corruption slogans, denouncing the sharp rise in prices, and calling for the release of jailed activists, with another 300 people gathered near the main boulevard in Rabat chanting slogans criticising Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane and King Mohammed VI, while waving anti-government banners.
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Greek-Cypriot nationalism, also known as Cypriot Hellenism is an ethnic nationalism emphasising Greekness of the Cypriot nation, whilst contrasting with Greek nationalism which aspires to integrate Cyprus into Greece as its main and number one objective. Having abandoned the idea of Enosis (unification of Cyprus with Greece), Greek Cypriot nationalists now have the aim of a Greek Cypriot-controlled state with close relations to Greece, the "motherland". Variants of the nationalism have been espoused by the centre- right Democratic Party (DIKO), the right-wing New Horizons, Socialists (EDEK), the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus, and nationalist elements within the centre-right Democratic Rally (DISY). The Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 led to an initial marginalisation of Greek Cypriot nationalism and the consequent rise of Cypriotism, in opposition to traditional Greek nationalism; however, the 1981 election of Andreas Papandreou as Prime Minister of Greece with his policies of "nationalising" the Cyprus problem and his February 1982 visit to Cyprus led to a renewal of Greek Cypriot nationalism.
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Victor's installations are often theatrical in nature, and of a scale that allows the viewer to 'enter' the work, such as in her 1994 works His Mother is a Theatre and Expense of Spirit in a Waste of Shame. Such works are highly performative in nature, often utilising kinetic and aural elements. Issues of gender, marginalisation, and abjection are significant themes explored—in her 1998 performance work, Still Waters (between estrangement and reconciliation), Victor performed within the drains of the Singapore Art Museum, the role of which Victor explores in her doctorate thesis, Abjection: Weapon of the Weak, writing:Such drains were a relic of the building's colonial architecture, made purposeless by retrofitted glass walls that turned a once-exposed balcony on the second-floor into a sealed, controlled air-conditioned space for artworks. The position of the artist's body within this liminal space, half-submerged in drain water, spoke to the role of performance art with its de facto ban in Singapore; the spectre of coloniality upon the postcolonial body; as well as the marginalised presence of women artists in the male-dominated art landscape of the time.
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Joseph Ratzinger, cardinal prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, called for confession of faults for the use of "non-evangelical methods" in the service of faith, as for example, in the Inquisition. Roger Etchegaray, cardinal president of the Central Committee for the Jubilee, exhorted the confession of sins that caused division among Christians; Cardinal Edward Idris Cassidy, president of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, acknowledged the faults committed "against the people of the Covenant," the Jews; and Japanese Archbishop Stephen Fumio Hamao, president of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, mentioned sins committed against love, peace, the rights of peoples, respect of cultures and religions. Nigerian Cardinal Francis Arinze, president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, requested confession of sins that have wounded the dignity of woman and the unity of mankind. Finally, Vietnamese Archbishop François Xavier Nguyên Van Thuân, president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, encouraged confession of sins in the area of fundamental rights of the human person: abuses against children, marginalisation of the poor, suppression of the unborn in the maternal womb or their use for experimentation.
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