1000 Sentences With "mandibles" | Random Sentence Generator

To say that The Mandibles ought to be read in

Instead, they secrete a chemical via their mandibles that liquifies their trapped prey alive.

Her latest book, "The Mandibles", is about the financial world and the American economy.

The creatures pinched and tore away at the tough alligator hide with their specialized mandibles.

The Mandibles could be brilliant, if it had something to offer other than its politics.

So far, the researchers have identified 51 mammoth mandibles and 64 skulls, the researchers said.

The hornets snag the tiny bees and pop their heads right off using their enormous mandibles.

The jaw-opener muscles start off the process by pulling the mandibles to their extremely wide position.

To add to its myriad sins, The Mandibles fails to imagine a convincing near future for its dystopia.

A curved horn protrudes above its monstrous mandibles, which it uses to eat decaying logs from the inside out.

You are almost, but not quite, reaching distance from safety as the mandibles of death-larvae threaten from just behind.

None of the skulls were found with mandibles, which the researchers suspect had something to do with ancient burial practices.

With its 'horns' and beak-like mandibles, Coptera anka is certainly the most peculiar-looking species described in the study.

The painting depicts a muscular man with the mandibles of a rhinoceros beetle—beastly appendages that symbolise man's base cravings.

For instance, the Mandibles run out of toilet paper, so they have to rip up rags and use those instead.

It's also three times faster than the mandibles of the trap-jaw ant, the previous fastest-moving insect on record.

Dr. Larabee and his team also plan to further study how the Dracula ant uses its mandibles in the wild.

This extra musculature, the researchers say, suggests the spines could help support the ants' humongous heads or power those crushing mandibles.

Using their powerful mandibles, the creatures tore away at the flesh, gorging on the alligator meat until they could barely move.

Now make the upper and lower mandibles cross over one another at the tips, as if the bird had an underbite.

This is the world as described in Orange Prize–winning Lionel Shriver's new dystopian novel, The Mandibles: A Family, 2029-2047.

The closest The Mandibles comes to gesturing toward some kind of ambiguity in this binary is in the character of Florence.

Again, these are not my politics, but the fact that I disagree politically with The Mandibles doesn't make it a bad book.

"I do," says Skinny, played by Bobby Cannavale, who chews the scenery like he does his meat, all mandibles and smacking lips.

An expert on both bats and primates, he saw the mandibles and immediately thought of an eerie-looking lemur called the aye-aye.

Amorphous Triple-Mandibles in The Langoliers According to Stephen King, the langoliers are what eat up the past once we're done living it.

Together groups of ants devour deer fawns, baby birds, reptiles, and almost any other source of protein they can get their mandibles on.

So here's what The Mandibles leave us with: flat characters who exist as mouthpieces for smugly condescending straw-man arguments on economic theory.

These beetles have a tiny cavity filled with hair at the base of their mandibles that acts like a pocket for collecting pollen.

Like the horns of bighorn sheep or the giant mandibles of stag beetles, hummingbird beaks are used to fight off rivals for mates.

Specifically, Shriver takes issue with the critique that The Mandibles' treatment of Luella, one of the book's two women of color, is racist.

Maybe a stag beetle, glossy black and segmented, nearly 19823 inches long, with a pair of antler-shaped mandibles emerging straight from its head.

If you already agree with The Mandibles and its politics, this not-a-utopia may strike you as a worthy aspiration for America's future.

In the near future of The Mandibles, Keynesian economics is revealed to be nothing more than "dodgy hocus-pocus" that has massively devalued the dollar.

" (Can't beat reading that on a small plane zooming over the Kenai Peninsula!) I can't get enough of Lionel Shriver's scary dystopia in "The Mandibles.

It then lifts its legs up and tips itself forward to rest on its mandibles and antennae, which balance it like arms, Dr. Grasso said.

THERE WAS no violence and there were no victims, unless you count the crickets, which rushed at each other, mandibles agape, for a few seconds.

But these are no mere picnic pests—these are Myrmoteras trap-jaw ants, fearsome predators armed with long, spiky, widely-agape mandibles—and they are on the hunt.

Image: Hannah Wood/SmithsonianTrap-jaw spiders hunt by sneaking up on their prey and rapidly snapping their mandibles shut, but scientists weren't entirely sure about the mechanics involved.

But "The Mandibles" suffers from a common flaw of speculative fiction: Virtually every detail of the narrative serves to communicate some expository element, giving it a didactic tone.

It might seem that it would be hard to maintain a strong bite with extremely long mandibles, and that they might be more fragile because of their length.

They found that unlike trap-jaw ants, whose jaws snap close from an open position, this Dracula ant uses its mandibles much like a pair of snapping fingers.

All 365 of those bones were brought back to land Thursday, including 18-foot-long mandibles and a skull weighing 6,500 pounds, according to a statement from the university.

As the mandible was not present, the team added a lower jaw constructed based on data from other known examples of human mandibles of similar age and geographic origin.

Popularly known as the trap-jaw ant, its mandibles, which it uses to snatch prey and catapult itself away from danger, accelerate shut at 1 million meters per second squared.

Two black eyes stare soullessly sideways out from its head, usually black or bloodred, above two twitching antennae almost as long as its legs, above two flexing mandibles, serrated, terrible.

As I walk the streets of Flatbush, the rapidly gentrifying Brooklyn neighborhood where my family recently bought a house of our own, scenes from "The Mandibles" replay in my head.

It is also racist, as I wrote in my review of The Mandibles, to imagine that a Spanish-speaking, Mexican-born president would be all it takes to doom America.

Image: Z. Jack TsengThe models began with a complex analysis of the shape and size of different otter mandibles, taking into account the amount of strain they'd be able to endure.

But one species, Mystrium camillae, has a pair of ingeniously-designed mandibles that can snap at 200 miles per hour, according to a study published Wednesday in Royal Society Open Science.

Dr. Messer observed that the bees use their unusually large mandibles to scrape together balls of tree resin and wood to fortify their nests, and that they are relatively solitary animals.

This future is only 13 years away, as Lionel Shriver depicts it in "The Mandibles: A Family, 2029-2047," her searing exemplar of a disquieting new genre — call it dystopian finance fiction.

"Our findings suggest that Siamogale does not have a living analog, but exhibits limited similarity to the living oral-crusher Aonyx in having significantly stiffer than expected mandibles among otters," the authors write.

In general, the Pheidole worker caste is split into two groups: soldier ants, with comically enormous heads and powerful mandibles for milling up seeds, and "minor workers," whose cranial features are less pronounced.

It's got a pretty potent sting, it will capture things in its mandibles, and inject a venom that paralyze other insects and bring them back to the nest to feed to to their young.

An examination of 559 skulls and 534 mandibles from more than two dozen pre-industrial populations found modest changes — a reduction in jaw size and muscles associated with chewing — as humans adopted farming practices. .

All 365 of those bones were brought back to land Thursday, including 18-foot-long (5.5-meter-long) mandibles and a skull weighing 6,500 pounds (2,900 kilograms), according to a statement from the university.

It took the use of a 50,000 frame per second camera to finally slow the action down enough to see what was going on, showing that the mandibles snap shut in about half a millisecond.

The newly analyzed fossils—three partial mandibles with teeth—came from Kenya, and date back to between 16 million and 23 million years ago, which is long after lemurs were thought to have departed Africa.

By comparing the jaws of Dracula ants and trap-jaw ants, a genus of tropical ant whose mandibles reach speeds of 140 miles per hour, researchers can see how similar functions evolved in different ways.

"I had a sudden vision of this nine-foot-tall alien ant-like creature with mandibles and claws—just a hideous, horrifying creature," Snodgrass says in Episode 370 of the Geek's Guide to the Galaxy podcast.

And while I personally don't agree with its politics, I might still consider The Mandibles to be a well-crafted book, if it didn't seem to exist almost entirely to congratulate itself on its political views.

Kurt Cobain found Nirvana by endlessly doodling names like Cold and Wet, the Mandibles and Fecal Matter; Led Zeppelin was a fast choice after the Who's Keith Moon declared that was how they would go over.

But given Shriver's most recent book, The Mandibles, and given her response to the criticism it has faced, it's hard to believe that Shriver is interested in engaging in a good-faith debate on the topic.

Eventually, as the Mandibles — the family into which Luella has married — take to the streets in the wake of a financial collapse, they realize that they can't keep her with them as they flee the city.

After studying the ants in more detail, the researchers learned that wounded or distressed ants cry out for help by discharging two chemical signals, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, which are secreted through glands in the mandibles.

The Mandibles are forced first to cram together into the modest Brooklyn home of elder sister Florence — the bleeding-heart liberal of the family — and then to escape New York City entirely and flee upstate to farmland.

Florence is the kindest and most responsible of the Mandibles, a basically good person who has devoted her life to helping the poor, takes no interest in economics, and is constantly monitoring herself for insidious internalized racism.

In 2016, in a speech at an Australian writers festival that addressed accusations of cultural appropriation in her novel "The Mandibles," she warned about the "supersensitivity" of identity politics and charged that it could amount to censorship.

Episcopal missionaries at Point Hope eventually persuaded villagers to bury the human remains—as many as twelve hundred skulls, according to one account—in a single mass grave, surrounded by a picket fence of repurposed bowhead mandibles.

"Considering their extremely timid nature, as well as their small, blunt mandibles... it is conceivable that T. rex are specialised predators of invertebrates which are much smaller than themselves, eggs of other invertebrates, or are scavengers," they wrote.

If you look a little closer, you can see that the Falcon has a different, blue-and-white paint job than the battered gray we're used to, and the ship is actually carrying something in the forward cargo mandibles.

Carl Sagan, on the other hand, was a ruthless killer who preferred to get up in the mandibles of the aliens he murdered, slicing up anyone that came close with a glowing electric machete, and blasting away anything else with a souped-up shotgun.

Until this point, many of the most ancient moths and butterflies found were thought to have had mandibles, which they used to chew, rather than a proboscis, which is the strawlike mouthpiece for sucking up flower nectar that most Lepidoptera now use to feed.

The point of the study was to look at the cellular interactions between O. unilateralis and the carpenter ant host Camponotus castaneus during a critical stage of the parasite's life cycle—that phase when the ant anchors itself onto the bottom of leaf with its powerful mandibles.

Lionel Shriver, an American novelist with a new book out (The Mandibles), opted to make her keynote address at the Brisbane Writers Festival in Australia last week an extended rant against the concept of "cultural appropriation," and to do so while wearing a sombrero—a reference, in part, to a controversy at Maine's Bowdoin College where non-Mexican students got in trouble for wearing miniature sombreros at a tequila-themed party.

New series, 8: 1-45 (1976). From the mandible extend two or three pointed teeth. Polistes larval mandibles function in opening and closing the mouth for intaking food. Larval mandibles are both longer and narrower than the mandibles of Vespa larvae.

Exaggerated mandibles are only developed in males; females never develop exaggerated mandibles. The point of this experiment was to determine how mandibles affect fitness. If these sex-limited genes are truly quelling intralocus sexual conflict, male mandible size should have no effect on female fitness. After selecting for males with exaggerated mandibles (full materials and methods can be found within the paper), it was experimentally determined that males with exaggerated mandibles had a higher fitness - they experienced increased fighting and mating success.

Adults display strong sexual dimorphism; females have long, slender, straight mouthparts, while males possess flattened, broadened mouthparts with large mandibles. Males are known to be aggressive and use these large mandibles for combat (Sanborne, 1983). These mandibles are also used in courtship (Garcia-C., 1989).

In some ants and termites, the mandibles also serve a defensive function (particularly in soldier castes). In bull ants, the mandibles are elongate and toothed, used both as hunting (and defensive) appendages. In bees, that feed primarily by use of a proboscis, the primary use of the mandibles is to manipulate and shape wax, and many paper wasps have mandibles adapted to scraping and ingesting wood fibres.

The mandibles measure . The dentition is simple, with a large apical tooth and subapical tooth present. The masticatory margin contains no teeth, and the outside areas of the mandibles are concave. The oral surface of the mandibles has dense brushes of stiff, sharp and spicule-like setae.

To some extent the maxillae are more mobile than the mandibles, and the galeae, laciniae, and palps also can move up and down somewhat, in the sagittal plane, both in feeding and in working, for example in nest building by mud-dauber wasps. Maxillae in most insects function partly like mandibles in feeding, but they are more mobile and less heavily sclerotised than mandibles, so they are more important in manipulating soft, liquid, or particulate food rather than cutting or crushing food such as material that requires the mandibles to cut or crush. Like the mandibles, maxillae are innervated by the subesophageal ganglia.

All but a few adult Lepidoptera lack mandibles, with the remaining mouthparts forming an elongated sucking tube. The exception is the mandibulate moths (family Micropterigidae), which have fully developed mandibles as adults.

The mandibles of O. bauri are an exaggerated form of the sturdy and long mandibles found in many ant species. Additionally, the muscles found in the mandibles of O. bauri are found in other ants, although those found in O. bauri are large and look very similar to those found in cicadas. The mandibles and the muscles found in the mandibles are exaptations, the large mandibles probably were selected for the increased ability to carry food, and further modified to use as a way of defense and hunting. There are other ants with trap-jaws such as the extant Strumigenys, Mystrium, Myrmoteras and Anochetus along with the extinct Cretaceous age tribe Haidomyrmecini. One commonly accepted theory suggests that the trap-jaw actually evolved independently at least four different times in ants’ history.

Head of an Alysiinae wasp. The exodont mandibles are visible. Alysiinae are small wasps, usually under 5 mm long and black or brown in color. Their mandibles are exodont, opening outwards and not overlapping.

Head of O. hastatus Commonly known as trap-jaw ants, species in Odontomachus have a pair of large, straight mandibles capable of opening 180 degrees. These jaws are locked in place by an internal mechanism, and can snap shut on prey or objects when sensory hairs on the inside of the mandibles are touched. The mandibles are powerful and fast, giving the ant its common name. The mandibles either kill or maim the prey, allowing the ant to bring it back to the nest.

Termites (order Isoptera), like eusocial ants, wasps, and bees, rely on a caste system to protect their nests. The evolution of fortress defense is closely linked to the specialization of soldier mandibles. Soldiers can have biting-crushing, biting-cutting, cutting, symmetrical snapping, and asymmetrical snapping mandibles. These mandibles may be paired with frontal gland secretion, although snapping soldiers rarely utilize chemical defenses.

The worker specimen is small (3.3 mm) and orange in color. It has linear mandibles, with two small teeth. Nothing is known about its biology, but the linear mandibles suggest that the ants are specialized predators.

The large mandibles are about 87% of the head length and each one has ten teeth. The two teeth at the ends of the mandibles are both large, while the remaining teeth alternate between large and small.

V. mandarinia communicates acoustically, as well. When larvae are hungry, they scrape their mandibles against the walls of the cell. Furthermore, adult hornets click their mandibles as a warning to other creatures that encroach upon their territory.

Stag beetle with mandibles modified no longer used in feeding Nearly all adult beetles, and many beetle larvae, have mandibles. In general form they are similar to those of grasshoppers: hardened and tooth-like. Beetle mandibles show a remarkable amount of variability between species, and some are very highly adapted to the food sources or other uses that the species has for them. Certain firefly larvae (family Lampyridae) that feed on snails have grooved mandibles that not only physically break down their prey, but also deliver digestive fluids by these grooves.

This species is considerably smaller than other members of Geodorcus. Male Helm's stag beetle have been collected that are 44 mm including mandibles, whereas male Geodorcus novaezealandiae, including the mandibles, range in size from 12–21.5 mm. Females are generally smaller, ranging in size from 11–17.4 mm. Like all other Geodorcus, they show sexual dimorphism: the male beetle has a much wider head and larger mandibles.

Crustaceans comprise a number of classes, with various feeding modes supported by a range of adaptions to the mouthparts. In general, however, crustaceans possess paired mandibles with opposing biting and grinding surfaces. The mandibles are followed by paired first and second maxillae. Both the mandibles and the maxillae have been variously modified in different crustacean groups for filter feeding with the use of setae.

The Coleopterists Bulletin.: 36.1: 26-73 _The Coleopterists Society._ The mandibles are curved to a rounded point at the end, with the left mandible is slightly longer and wider than the right mandible. These mandibles are multi-purpose tools.

The female also has large mandibles which are used to manipulate the prey.

If the nest is disturbed, the ants carry away mealybugs in their mandibles.

The beetle uses them to create and maintain the tunnels in which they spend most of their lives. The opened mandibles can act as shovels or pull dirt and debris from the walls of their tunnels and deposit it outside the burrow. Additionally, the mandibles can act as shovels in the loose sand of the beetles’ coastal habitat. Another critical use of the mandibles is in feeding, as discussed below.

Sexual dimorphism - male and female Sexually dimorphic, the males have enlarged mandibles and are larger than the females. Although the male's mandibles seem threatening, they are too weak to be harmful. Nevertheless, females can inflict a painful bite. The resemblance of the male's mandibles to the antlers of a stag, and their use in combat between males, much like with deer, gives the species its scientific and common names.

Geodorcus helmsi Geodorcus helmsi varies in colour from black to brownish-black. Its dorsal surface can vary from dull to glossy. Like other stag beetles, they show sexual dimorphism: males range in size from 17.5–44.0 mm, including their large mandibles, while females are smaller (16.5–27.5 mm) with less conspicuous mandibles. In larger male specimens, the mandibles are long, slender and strongly arched with a conspicuous tooth near their base.

The preoral cavity so-formed contains paired mandibles and any maxillae which are present.

The curve of the spatula also has a grouping of spicules rimming its edges. Like other members of Haidomyrmecini the mandibles of Ceratomyrmex are modified into elongated scythe like shapes. The mandibles are enlarged to reach over the head to the apex of the horn creating a trap-jaw. Near the point where the closed mandibles rest, four very long trigger hairs are placed, with two on each side of the head.

Odontomachus bauri is a species of ponerinae ant known as trap jaw ants. The trap jaw consists of mandibles which contain a spring-loaded catch mechanism. This mechanism permits the ants to accumulate energy before striking or releasing the mandibles rapidly. O. bauri is known for its powerful mandibles, which can open up to about 180° and within 10 ms of being stimulated and can close within 0.5 ms, which help with catching prey.

The mandibles vary in size with some males having much larger mandibles than the females. These bear two to three strong teeth from midway to the tip. The antennae are twelve segmented with the fifth to the eleventh having a spiny outgrowth at the tip.

Biosteres arisanus Opiinae are small wasps, usually under 5mm long. They are non-cyclostomes, but sometimes have the appearance of a cyclostome opening. Unlike Alysiinae, Opiinae have endodont mandibles, which open inwards. The genus Exodontiella is the one exception with exodont mandibles in the Opiinae.

Level 3 fighting involves biting with the intent of injury. They pull on each other’s mandibles and legs, often interlocking their mandibles. It is common for more than two bees to be involved. Level 4 aggressions frequently results in a fight to the death.

The posterior end of pale-coloured species is sometimes black. The body tapers at the anterior. The two mandibles sometimes have teeth along the ventral margin. The antennomaxillary lobes at each side of the mandibles have several transverse oral ridges or short laminae directed posteriorly.

The mandibles of Paraparatrechina also possess five teeth, while in Nylanderia six teeth are usually present.

O. eutrophila is also similar to O. Fabriae, differing from the latter from its mandibles morphology.

Mandibles developed. No tongue. Labial palpi obsolete. Posterior tibiae with spurs placed in groups of bristles.

They believed that ant-like mandibles first appeared before the development of an ant-like petiole, but such case was proven false when it was opposite on S. freyi specimens (ant- like petiole first appeared before the development of ant-like mandibles). Based on drawings, it was suggested that Mesozoic ants had long mandibles with multiple teeth, toothed tarsal claws and a broadly jointed petiole. Examination of collected specimens, however, shows that these ants had very short mandibles, toothless tarsal claws and a separated petiole. S. freyi remained as the sole member of Sphecomyrma until a fossil closely resembling the species was collected in Canadian amber deposits in 1985.

Depending on its usage, commissure may refer to the junction of the upper and lower mandibles,Coues (1890), p. 155. or alternately, to the full-length apposition of the closed mandibles, from the corners of the mouth to the tip of the beak.Campbell & Lack (1985), p. 105.

In the wild, male crickets do not tolerate one another and will fight until there is a winner. The loser usually retreats without serious injury. The fighting method involves opening the mandibles as wide as possible, gripping the opponent's mandibles and pushing with the hind legs.

In the Agathiphagidae, larvae live inside kauri pines and feed on seeds. In Heterobathmiidae the larvae feed on the leaves of Nothofagus, the southern beech tree. These families also have mandibles in the pupal stage, which help the pupa emerge from the seed or cocoon after metamorphosis. The Eriocraniidae have a short coiled proboscis in the adult stage, and though they retain their pupal mandibles with which they escaped the cocoon, their mandibles are non- functional thereafter.

Basic alertness occurs when both ants open their mandibles to about 180°. Alarm is composed of both basic alertness with fast random body movements and release of alarm pheromone. Attack with mandibles is a pattern in which the trap jaw ant will use its mandibles in order to strike a blow to the opponent. Attack with sting is when the trap jaw ant will bend its abdomen forward and try to use its sting to hurt the opponent.

One egg is deposited in each cockroach egg capsule, and the wasp larva consumes all the eggs within it. The larva proceeds through five instars during development, stages which are distinguished by the changes in the unique mandibles. The first instar has mandibles with small, sharp teeth which it must use to open the tough cockroach eggs. During the next two instars, the larva has longer mandibles which are "shaped like a gauntlet glove" with three teeth.

Comparison of azhdarchoid mandibles A phylogenetic analysis conducted in 2016 recovered Aymberedactylus as the most basal tapejarine.

Yet the actual morphology of mandibles is very different, a result of distinct mandibulate and haustellate modifications.

Head view of an M. mexicanus worker Workers range from 3–7 mm in length and have a light tan thorax, legs and slightly darker head with black mandibles. The gaster is brownish-gray. Queens are roughly 9 mm in length. The head and mandibles are a reddish brown.

The opposing surfaces bear strong brownish teeth. As the crustacean periodically opens and closes the mandibles the teeth move apart and close together. Of the usual crustacean head appendages, only the mandibles are well developed. In Triops longicaudatus, the larger second maxillae are absent, only maxillules being present.

At the front of the animal are mandibles with pincers. This is the oldest fossil with pincers. The speculation is that T. katalepsis grabbed soft bodied prey with the mandibles and them chopped them into pieces so that it could eat. It has more than 50 pairs of legs.

Insect head parts. Legend: a, antennae; c, compound eye; lb, labium; lr, labrum; md, mandibles; mx, maxillae. Insect anatomy A typical insect head possesses a pair of antennae; eyes; mandibles, labrum, maxillae and labium (the latter four forming the cluster of "mouth parts", no. 32. in the diagram).

The Hemiptera, and other insects whose mouthparts are described as piercing-sucking, have modified mandibles. Rather than being tooth-like, the mandibles of such insects are lengthened into stylets, which form the outer two parts of the feeding tube, or beak. The mandibles are therefore instrumental in piercing the plant or animal tissues upon which these insects feed, and in helping draw up fluids to the insect’s mouth.Most hemipterans feed on plants, using their sucking and piercing mouthparts to extract plant sap.

The Australian dinosaur ant (Nothomyrmecia macrops) is recognised as the most primitive living ant today, and both ants closely resemble each other. The Eocene genera of Aneuretini also resemble Sphecomyrma ants, which are believed to be the ancestors of Dolichoderinae. The subfamily Myrmeciinae was thought to be the ancestor of Aneuretini because the elongated mandibles (a well-known feature in Myrmeciinae ants), were considered primitive and short mandibles were derived. This theory was proven false after Sphecomyrma specimens had small mandibles.

Restoration The skull of the type specimen is long, and has a large, curved snout and short mandibles.

C. coeca feeds on carrion, which it holds with its gnathopods while chewing pieces off with its mandibles.

The mandibles of females are much shorter than the in males. Antennae are dark brown, up to long.

This has been shown to be correlated to mandible size; in species where the males have large mandibles the "nuptial gift" is small or absent, while it is large in species where males lack the exaggerated mandibles. Two genera, Chloroniella and Chloronia, are unusual in that the males lack large mandibles and do not produce "nuptial gifts". The antennae of males are also noticeably elongated, even longer than the mandibles. Corydalinae is distinguished from closely related clades by the following synapomorphies (with exceptions in a few species): quadrate head with a postocular spine, ridge, and plane, non- pectinate antennae, four crossveins between the radius and the radial sector, and distinctive male terminalia with a well developed ninth gonostylus.

Musculature of ant mandibles left Most adult Hymenoptera have mandibles that follow the general form, as in grasshoppers. The mandibles are used to clip pieces of vegetation, gather wood fibers, dig nests, or to capture and disassemble prey. What is unusual is that many Hymenoptera have the remaining mouthparts modified to form a proboscis (a "tongue" used to feed on liquids), making them virtually the only insects that normally possess both chewing mouthparts and sucking mouthparts (a few exceptional members of other orders may exhibit this, such as flower-feeding beetles that also have "tongues"). Trigona corvina, and other stingless bees, utilize their mandibles for defense purposes and typically interlock them with other individuals while fighting for resources.

The crest is grey from the cere to the forehead, and russet brown on the crown with black sides. The mandibles are red with a brown tip, the protuberances at the base of the mandibles are bluish-green. The tarsals and feet are purplish red. The sexes are similar in description.

The widely placed antennae sockets and mandibles that are about 65% of the head length preclude placement into Pachycondyla, Cephalopone, Cyrtopone, and Messelpone. While the mandibles are similar in length to Pseudectatomma, they are more gracile and the antenna scape is shorter. As such, the species was placed provisionally into Protopone.

The soldiers of army ants are larger than the workers, and they have much larger mandibles than the worker class of ants, with older soldiers possessing larger heads and stronger mandibles than the younger ones. They protect the colony, and help carry the heaviest loads of prey to the colony bivouac.

They have characteristic double-hooked mandibles. Larvae of the two European species can be distinguished by their color pattern.

The mandibles have eight teeth overall, with the fourth and seventh from the mandible apex being the longest overall.

They occasionally widen current tunnels 0.5–1.0 mm each cycle. The excavating of the nests is done with mandibles.

Accessed 19 March 2012 A second feature film, Minuscule - Mandibles from Far Away, was released on January 30, 2019.

The mandibles appear as large pincers on the front of some beetles. The mandibles are a pair of hard, often tooth- like structures that move horizontally to grasp, crush, or cut food or enemies (see defence, below). Two pairs of finger-like appendages, the maxillary and labial palpi, are found around the mouth in most beetles, serving to move food into the mouth. In many species, the mandibles are sexually dimorphic, with those of the males enlarged enormously compared with those of females of the same species.

American Entomologist 64 167-169. It is possible that the mandibles may have been selected as secondary sex characteristics used by females to evaluate males during courtship. Males cannot use these mandibles to bite because they are too long; on the other hand, females have short, heavily sclerotized mandibles which enable them to deliver powerful bites when threatened. Males of many species will also produce "nuptial gifts" in the form of packages of nutrient- rich spermatophores that are eaten by the female partner after mating.

However, in the Americas the dobsonflies are rather well known, as their males have tusk-like mandibles. These, while formidable in appearance, are relatively harmless to humans and other animals; much like a peacock's feathers, they serve mainly to impress females. However, the mandibles are also used to hold females during mating, and some male dobsonflies spar with each other in courtship displays, trying to flip each other over with their long mandibles. Dobsonfly larvae, commonly called hellgrammites, are often used for angling bait in North America.

Males measure roughly 1.3 mm in size, only a little bigger than the workers, and are unusual in having hairy eyes. They are the only caste with wings, albeit rather small wings. One wing actually consists of two parts: the forewing is larger and has veins; the hindwing is much smaller with no veins. Their mandibles are also different from the females’; whereas the workers and queens mandibles are prominent and mobile, the males’ mandibles are little more than small lobes held close to their head.

Before striking, the ant opens its mandibles extremely widely and locks them in this position by an internal mechanism. Energy is stored in a thick band of muscle and explosively released when triggered by the stimulation of sensory organs resembling hairs on the inside of the mandibles. The mandibles also permit slow and fine movements for other tasks. Trap-jaws also are seen in the following genera: Anochetus, Orectognathus, and Strumigenys, plus some members of the Dacetini tribe, which are viewed as examples of convergent evolution.

It may also perch on heavy floating vegetation, in order to prevent water from rippling around them.University of Michigan- Ardea goliath: INFORMATION. Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu. Retrieved on 2012-08-23. As prey appears, the heron rapidly spears it with open mandibles, often spearing both mandibles through the fish's body, and then swallows it whole.

These soldiers have large, sabre-shaped mandibles and a glandular pore on the forehead which secretes a milky, latex fluid.

It attacks prey quickly, latches on using its strong mandibles, and immediately starts chewing it using its well developed molars.

The soldier termites of this species have rounded heads, long straight mandibles and yellowish-brown bodies. They are between long.

Male and female beetles have similar sized mandibles. Like other Paralissotes species, this beetle is flightless despite having vestigial wings.

I must also be careful of its legs and mandibles, the least touch of which would rip open the nurseling.

This they do mainly in opening and closing their jaws in feeding, but also in using the mandibles as tools, or possibly in fighting; note however, that this refers to the coronal plane of the mouth, not necessarily of the insect's body, because insects' heads differ greatly in their orientation. In carnivorous chewing insects, the mandibles commonly are particularly serrated and knife-like, and often with piercing points. In herbivorous chewing insects mandibles tend to be broader and flatter on their opposing faces, as for example in caterpillars. In males of some species, such as of Lucanidae and some Cerambycidae, the mandibles are modified to such an extent that they do not serve any feeding function, but are instead used to defend mating sites from other males.

Several families of flies, notably mosquitoes (family Culicidae), have mandibles that are modified into stylets for piercing, similar to the true bugs. Flies of the Muscomorpha, including the house fly, Musca domestica, stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, blow flies (family Calliphoridae), and many others, lack mandibles altogether, and the mouthparts are designed for sponging up liquids.

201.3246 The front wing marginal cell is thin and stretched, while the apex, the anterior corner of the wing, leans away from the costa, which is the leading edge of the wing. Moreover, the front wing also has small stigma cells. Short mandibles cover the labral flap of the bee when the mandibles are closed.

The worker is approximately long, with an antenna scape that is long. The wide mandibles have a large apical tooth along with several backward facing teeth along the chewing margin. Behind the mandibles the clypeus have a wavy to nearly straight front margin. The petiole is distinctly elongated to about three times its width.

The mandibles are pointed, while the maxillae end in flat, toothed "blades". To force these into the skin, the mosquito moves its head backwards and forwards. On one movement, the maxillae are moved as far forward as possible. On the opposite movement, the mandibles are pushed deeper into the skin by levering against the maxillae.

Ants of the genus Odontomachus are commonly called trap-jaw ants, due to the large, straight mandibles, which can be opened to 180 degrees and snapped shut on prey. They tend to be pretty timid for the most part, only accepting prey it can 100% take down, while other ants such as Solenopsis will attack anything that moves. When sensory hairs on the inside of the mandibles are touched, the trap jaw is triggered. The mandibles also permit slow and fine movements for other tasks such as nest building and care of larvae.

The mandibles of a bull ant Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect’s mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure). Their function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect’s food, or to defend against predators or rivals. Insect mandibles, which appear to be evolutionarily derived from legs, move in the horizontal plane unlike those of vertebrates, which appear to be derived from gill arches and move vertically.

The upper edges of the antennomeres have a point on the upper inner sides, giving the antennae a slightly serrate appearance. The mandibles have a distinct cup-like appearance, with the inner side of each cup towards the clypeal surface and a single tooth is present on the lower apex. The front of the inner margins on the mandibles each have a row of thick setae while rows of denticles run along the dorsoventral edge. The modified labrum has a rounded, tongue like look extending between the mandibles.

Chewing insects have two mandibles, one on each side of the head. The mandibles are positioned between the labrum and maxillae. The mandibles cut and crush food, and may be used for defense; generally, they have an apical cutting edge, and the more basal molar area grinds the food. They can be extremely hard (around 3 on Mohs, or an indentation hardness of about 30 kg/mm2); thus, many termites and beetles have no physical difficulty in boring through foils made from such common metals as copper, lead, tin, and zinc.

Over half of the head length is composed of the mandibles, which are triangular in outline, with no tooth dentition preserved.

The mandibles are approximately the length of the head, subtriangular in shape, and have nine teeth alternating between large and small.

On each of the triangular shaped mandibles, the inner chewing surface is 80 percent as long as the whole mandible length.

Latouchia swinhoei are generally smaller than other trapdoor spiders, their coloration is prominently black, and as they mature, their dense black color begins to fade to a grey-brown mix. They have a pair of jaws and mandibles and eight legs, and eight eyes. The females are generally larger than the males, but the males have larger mandibles.

Just like other Anochetus and Odontomachus species, this species has both a stinger and its iconic mandibles which they use to defend themselves and get prey. The stinger is used to inject a toxin that paralyses its pray. The mandibles can be both used to bite and snap it against something to propel themselves backwards for a quick escape.

Nothomyrmecia is smaller than Prionomyrmex species, measuring . The ant has a long stinger, the body is slender and, like Prionomyrmex, has elongated mandibles. The mandibles, however, are less specialised than Myrmecia and Prionomyrmex, elongated and triangular. While Nothomyrmecia and Prionomyrmex are strikingly similar to each other, they can be distinguished from the shape of the node.

P. abessalomi is known only from a skull, two mandibles, and two teeth. These fossils were all collected from the Belomechetskaja, Georgia area and date from the sixth mammal neogene (MN) zone. This species is the best known of the family Percrocutidae. P. miocenica is known from only a few mandibles, found in Yugoslavia and Turkey.

Close-up view of a specimen: These ants attack with both mandibles and stingers. Like its relatives, the ant possesses a powerful sting and large mandibles. These ants can be black or blackish-red in colour, and may have yellow or orange legs. The ant is medium-sized in comparison to other Myrmecia species, where workers are typically long.

The mandibles of a bull ant In arthropods, the jaws are chitinous and oppose laterally, and may consist of mandibles or chelicerae. These jaws are often composed of numerous mouthparts. Their function is fundamentally for food acquisition, conveyance to the mouth, and/or initial processing (mastication or chewing). Many mouthparts and associate structures (such as pedipalps) are modified legs.

Gerontoformica is characterized by a row of peg like projections along the front edge of the clypeus, a feature not seen on other Cretaceous ant genera. The mandibles have a falcate shape, being curved to sickle shaped overall. The mandibles have a distinct tooth at the tip and a secondary tooth just back from the tip.

The powerful mandibles of the major workers are capable of decapitating smaller arthropods captured as food and dismembering smaller ants of other species.

These pheromones notify the males that the females are ready to reproduce. The mandibles can be used to "tear, puncture, or grind" food.

Ground beetles (family Carabidae) of the tribe Cychrini have long mandibles that project far in front of them, which aid them in feeding on snails inside their shells. Members of the stag beetle family (Lucanidae) have greatly enlarged mandibles that are often forked, resembling the horns of various deer, from which their common name comes, and similar modifications appear in various scarab beetles and longhorn beetles. Males of these beetles use their mandibles to grasp or displace each other as they compete for mates.The largest of all families, the Curculionidae (weevils), with some 83,000 member species, belongs to this order.

Spodoptera exempta was first described by Francis Walker in 1856. The species of Spodoptera are distributed around the world, mostly inhabiting tropical and subtropical areas. There are 30 known species in the genus, and roughly half are considered agricultural pests. There are two final larval stages based on the mandible structure of the species: serrate-like mandibles and chisel-like mandibles.

Within the Neuropterida, adults have chewing mouthparts, but the mandibles of male dobsonflies are non-functional in feeding. The larvae in many lineages are predatory, with mandibles modified with grooves along which digestive saliva flows, while the larvae of the family Sisyridae have the mouthparts developed into a sucking tube which they use to feed on the liquid tissues of freshwater sponges.

The mandibles are slender, straight near the base then curving inwards towards the tips. The apex and central areas of the mandibles have large teeth present, while the basal area behind the central tooth is finely serrate. The mouth is surrounded by both maxillary and labial palpi. The maxillary palpi have four joints, while the labial palpi are only three-jointed.

G. orientalis worker The head capsule of G. orientalis is smooth, lacking any major carinae or other structuring of the cuticle. There are scattered setae on the clypeus and on the exterior surfaces of the mandibles. The head has a length of when the mandibles are closed. the pedicel is the shortest antenna segment, and funicular segment two is the longest.

Chrysanthia viridissima can grow up to long.Commanster These beetles have a soft and rather elongated bodies. The head is elongated. The mandibles are bifid.

Macrodontia is an American genus of long-horned beetles remarkable for their large size and for the large mandibles of the males in particular.

A second branch of the hemipteroid lineage includes insects in which the haustellate mouthparts contain feeding stylets derived from both the mandibles and maxillae.

The attacking soldier makes rapid lunging movements, opening and closing its mandibles in a scissorlike action that can behead, dismember, lacerate, or grip a foe.

During a fight between the parasite and the queen, the parasite will do anything to harm or gain a better position by using her mandibles and stinger. Injuries to the queen include but are not limited to broken antennae and injured fore and hind-leg. Surprisingly, the host queen refrained from using her mandibles whereas the workers were quick to use theirs in defense.

This insect belongs to the order Diptera, the true flies. The adult has wings less than 3 millimeters long, which are held erect. It has a narrow silvery-brown body and long legs. It is a sexually dimorphic species; the male has a slender abdomen with large terminalia at the end, and it lacks mandibles, while the female has mandibles and a wider abdomen.

This large Geodorcus ranges in length (including mandibles) from (males) and from (females). Despite being larger than many other Geodorcus species, the mandibles are relatively short. They demonstrate sexual dimorphism with an overall size difference and obvious differences in mandible shape and size. Male and female specimens also differ in the depth of small punctures on the dorsal surface; males being shallow and females deep.

The mandibles, antennae, and legs of the ants are also orange- red. The hair on the ant is yellow, and is short on the head, thorax, and legs and longer on the gaster. No hair is present on the scapes. The mandibles are long and straight, and of the 11 teeth present, the third, fifth, seventh, and ninth are wider and longer than the other seven.

Early proboscideans developed longer mandibles and smaller craniums while more derived ones developed shorter mandibles, which shifted the head's centre of gravity. The skull grew larger, especially the cranium, while the neck shortened to provide better support for the skull. The increase in size led to the development and elongation of the mobile trunk to provide reach. The number of premolars, incisors and canines decreased.

The short frontal ridges do not cover the antennae bases. The antennae are long and string shaped, with thirteen segments that each have a bead-like outline. Males have the same shape and structure in their mandibles as queens and workers, but in males the closed mandibles do not touch each other. The terminal segment of the abdomen does not have a spine present.

Males also have much smaller, triangular mandibles than workers and queens. The mandibles on the male contain a large tooth at the centre, among the apex and the base of the inner border. Punctures (tiny dots) are noticeable on the head, which are large and shallow, and the thorax and node are also irregularly punctuated. The pubescence on the male's gaster is white and yellowish.

Chelostoma florisomne can reach a body length of about .M Edwards BWARS - Bees, Wasps & Ants Recording Society These bees have a slender, cylindrical shaped black body, with white short fringe bands along the posterior margins of the tergites, that are usually filled with pollen of the preferred pollen host. Head is subquadrate, with very prominent mandibles. Especially females show very long projecting mandibles and labrum.

The head is almost as broad as its total length, and the mandibles are longer than the head with 13 teeth present. The queen is similar in appearance to the worker, but they are the largest members of the colony. The hair is more abundant, and the head is broader. The mandibles are shorter and broader, although they are still as long as the head.

The mandibles are able to sting and paralyze prey or crush prey to death. O. bauri also uses its mandibles to propel itself or prey off of the ground either vertically or horizontally. O. bauri can travel over 20 times their body length in a single jaw-propelled leap. O. bauri is closely related to the genus Anochetus which is in the same family, Formicidae.

Ceratomyrmex ellenbergeri head As with all haidomyrmecine members, the head structure of Linguamyrmex is interpreted to facilitate trap-jaw behavior, as is seen in modern specialized genera of Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Ponerinae. In haidomyrmecines the clypeus is modified to span from near the oral opening up past the mandibles to near the vertex of the head, the only ant group with such a modification. Along with the clypeal structuring a pair of long setae are positioned in the path of the mandibles. In modern trap-jaw ants such setae are used as triggers that initiate the rapid closure of the mandibles, often to capture prey or sometimes in a defensive action.

They are usually a reddish yellow colour. Their heads and gaster are in a blackish brown colour, and mandibles and clypeus are of a yellow colour.

The bat possesses robust and powerful mandibles, which indicates that it can consume large and hard-shelled prey. It is possible that the bat forages in groups.

Remarkably, the stapes, or middle ear bone, remains intact. Also preserved are both mandibles and the atlas-axis complex, which connects to the base of the skull.

Larvae do not move much, and will click their mandibles or even bite if threatened. When mature, they burrow underground and excavate a chamber where they pupate.

354 Some ants produce sounds by stridulation, using the gaster segments and their mandibles. Sounds may be used to communicate with colony members or with other species.

The adults have working mandibles and feed on the pollen of a variety of flowers, especially those of Carex. The larvae are believed to feed on Vaccinium.

The Acanthostichus hispaniolicus specimens are well preserved, though each of the four show some distortion from the amber moving after entombment. The specimens have estimated body lengths between . The overall coloration of A. hispaniolicus is a light orange-brown, with some darkening on the mandibles, the tarsomeres and the tarsi. The mandibles have between 6 and 8 minute teeth followed by a preapical tooth a short gap, and the apical tooth.

The shape of the head, viewed from the front, is subtriangular owing to the very long mandibles. The compound eyes are great, and the clypeus is usually quite pointed. The antennae are generally clavated. The mandibles are much more subtle with respect to those of polistine or vespine wasps: in the females they can have three teeth, but in the males of some species, their internal margin is almost straight.

The Acanthognathus poinari specimen is well preserved with an estimated body length of , including the enlarged mandibles. The overall coloration of A. poinari is a glossy reddish brown in general, which slightly lightens on the legs and antennae. The antennae are a distinct club shape with 2 joints. The mandibles and scape are slightly shorter than the head in combined length an host a number of sparse hairs.

The labrum is a flat extension of the head (below the clypeus), covering the mandibles. Unlike other mouthparts, the labrum is a single, fused plate (though it originally was—and embryonically is—two structures). It is the upper-most of the mouthparts and located on the midline. It serves to hold food in place during chewing by the mandibles and thus can simply be described as an upper lip.

They have characteristic double- hooked mandibles. The larvae feed exclusively on amphibians, which they lure by making prey-like movements. The larvae can often evade the first strike of the amphibian by being alert, and then strike back at once, while the amphibian is in close proximity. Latching on with their mandibles, they suck the body fluids of their new host, progressing to chewing its skin and eating its tissues.

Excluding mandibles, jack jumpers measure in length. The ant's antennae, tibiae, tarsi, and mandibles are also yellow or orange. Pubescence (hair) on the ant is greyish, short and erect, and is longer and more abundant on their gaster, absent on their antennae, and short and suberect on their legs. The pubescence on the male is grey and long, and abundant throughout the ant's body, but it shortens on the legs.

Foundresses have developed ovaries with oocytes, and those with only slightly developed ovarioles are non laying foundresses. Foundresses had fresh wings and mandibles, whereas other females (the non-laying foundresses) had worn-out, shorter wings and mandibles. The length of the largest body mass of the wasp, the mesosoma, is greater in multi-female colonies than other colonies. Solitary laying foundresses were smaller than those of multi-female colonies.

The nocturnal adults are characterised by earthy brown-testaceous colours, brachypterous wings or apterous (especially in females) and physogastry in females. Some tropical genera (Pathocerus) have comb-like antennae, some other (Hypocephalus) extremely reduced antennae. Some genera, such as the Brazilian Migdolus have well-developed mandibles, such as the males of the cerambycids Parandra and Spondylis, while others, such as the males of the genus Hypocephalus, have extremely modified mandibles.

Workers are around long. The general color is dark brown, with the mandibles, antennae and legs slightly lighter. Females are almost long, but otherwise very similar to workers.

Tyrannomyrmex is a rare tropical genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Three similar species, only known from workers, are recognized and share small eyes and edentate mandibles.

Siagona jenissoni can reach a length of .Coleo.net Body is flat with a constriction between the prothorax and mesothorax. Pronotum is densely punctured. Mandibles are short and strong.

The head and gaster are black. The thorax, node, legs, and other features are brown. The antennae and tarsi are red, and the mandibles and clypeus is yellow.

They gently moved their heads side-to-side, and once this motion stopped, switched to using their mandibles to form the bolus before bringing it into their mouths.

Cimbex femoratus can reach a length of . The head is large, with large and strong mandibles. Wings are smoky brown with brown margins. The thorax is shiny black.

The upper areas of the clypeus are always coated in a brush of stout setae in the region where the mandibles came to rest when triggered to close. Based on the modification of the clypeus, it is probable that Linguamyrmex would have captured prey from the front, other strategies being made improbable due to the upward motion of the mandibles. In haidomyrmecines with highly modified cleypeal areas, such as Linguamyrmex and Ceratomyrmex the horn probably served as a pinning or trapping point for the mandibles with captured prey. This hypothesis for the purpose of the clypeus in Linguamyrmex is further supported by data obtained from X-ray micro-computed tomography scans of specimen "BuPH-03".

Polyarthron pectinicorne can reach a length of in males, of in females.Jcringenbach Thorax and elytra may be pale or dark brown. Elytra show three costae. Mandibles are quite long.

Cyclommatus metallifer is a species of stag beetle in the family Lucanidae. There is sexual dimorphism within the species. Males are generally larger in size and have enlarged mandibles.

Both adults and nymphs of A. nomas are soft-bodied insects resembling aphids, with long narrow antennae. The mandibles are designed for chewing and the central part of the maxilla is modified into a slender rod which is used to brace the psocid while it grinds away with its mandibles. The forehead is enlarged and there are prominent compound eyes and three ocelli. There are glands in the mouth from which silk can be spun.

In the second instar the forked abdominal tip remains but the mandibles are much reduced, and the body extends laterally, presumably a flotation aid as food stores become gradually liquefied in the cell. This description applies to both of the species studied, and may be markedly different for other species in the genus, although certain features, such as strong mandibles for destroying competition in the cell, are presumably the same in design and function.

Insects have a range of mouthparts suited to their mode of feeding. These include mandibles, maxillae and labium and can be modified into suitable appendages for chewing, cutting, piercing, sponging and sucking. Decapods have six pairs of mouth appendages, one pair of mandibles, two pairs of maxillae and three of maxillipeds. Sea urchins have a set of five sharp calcareous plates which are used as jaws and are known as Aristotle's lantern.

Trap-jawed ants: Strumigenys, Daceton, Odontomachus, Anochetus, Myrmoteras While the elongated mandibles look superficially similar to those of the basal Myrmecia, the mechanism is, as a whole, totally dissimilar and is rather convergent to that of the ponerine genera Anochetus and Odontomachus, and the myrmicine Strumigenys. The trigger mechanism of the trap-jaw-like mandibles of Myrmoteras consists of two hairs. Other trap-jawed genera are Daceton, Acanthognathus, Orectognathus, Microdaceton, and Epitritus.

The apical teeth of the mandibles are long and straight, whereas the medial teeth are much smaller. The posterior to the eyes are convex, where it converges towards the occiput (the back of the head) and forms a collar seen in several Aphaenogaster species. The ants have large, triangular mandibles with three apical teeth and a flat clypeus. The eyes are large with 400 facets, but workers from small incipient colonies only have 200 facets.

Their mandibles each have five "teeth" and their antennal scapes are short and do not exceed the posterior margin of the head. Minor workers have rectangular heads with weakly convex posterior margins in full face view Major workers have reddish brown to blackish brown bodies. Their heads are proportionately larger and almost square with convex posterior margin in frontal view. Mandibles of major workers are large and triangular, with an acute apical "tooth".

E. britannicus ("E. emeryi" holotype) Females of E. britannicus range between with a forewing length between . The head is broader than it is long, giving a rectangular outline, and like E. antiquus of Radoboj it has a convex curve to the rear head margin. While Emery in his description asserted the mandibles to have a smooth margin, further specimens have shown that the robust mandibles have several blunt teeth on the chewing margin.

The female mosquito does not insert its labium into the skin; it bends back into a bow when the mosquito begins to bite. The tip of the labium remains in contact with the skin of the victim, acting as a guide for the other mouthparts. In total, there are six mouthparts besides the labium: two mandibles, two maxillae, the hypopharynx, and the labrum. The mandibles and the maxillae are used for piercing the skin.

Leptinopterus tibialis can reach a length of about in the males, about in the females. Males have well-developed mandibles, with several teeth of various sizes in the interior edges.

Psalidognathus modestus can reach a length of . The surface is shining and the basic colour is black or dark brown. The head is spiny and the mandibles are very large.

The ant is also small, measuring , and a stinger is present in almost all of the specimens collected. The morphology of the mandibles suggest a high level of feeding specialization.

Tithoes confinis can reach a length of . This beetle has a massive hairy body and strong mandibles. The basic colour is dark brown. Pronotum bears two spines on both edges.

This weevil is reddish-brown with shining black areas on the mandibles, elytra, thorax and end of the rostrum. It has paler colouration on the sides and posterior of the elytra.

The Nasutitermitinae are a subfamily of termites that includes more than 80 genera. They are recognisable by their lack of visible mandibles and pointed process on the front of their heads.

It is hairier than the queen and has more yellow hairs. The abdomen is black and yellow. The male is the same size as the worker. The mandibles have reddish tips.

Scanning of the specimen shows density variation in the paddle, with the outer edges less dense than the central core area on the paddles underside. This indicates the paddle was strengthened with thickened cuticle or with metals sequestering in the cuticle, the latter being more likely from the distinct contrast shown in the x-ray. The location of the highest density is near the center of the paddle at the point of impact for the mandibles when they closed, likely to help brace the paddle against misfires of the mandibles, or impact through soft bodied prey, such as beetle larvae. Metals such as calcium, iron, manganese, and zinc are used by insects in both mandibles and ovipositors to reduce wear and increase durability.

The mandibles (lower jaws) are straight and slender, formed by the tooth-bearing dentary bones at the front and the splenial and angular bones at the back. The front tip of the mandibles curves very slightly downwards and inwards. The teeth of Jesairosaurus are pointed and very slightly curved, although they are also conical (particularly so in the maxilla) and only slightly flattened from the side. In addition, the teeth are subthecodont (also known as pleurothecodont).

These hairs are also longer and thicker on the legs and on other body parts. The mandibles are very long and curved, and the head is longer than its total width ( long and wide). The legs are very long with strong claws, and a stinger is present in the abdomen. Wheeler (1915) described a male P. longiceps, commenting that the head is short but broad with very large eyes while the mandibles are small and far apart.

The head is large with small rounded compound eyes composed of about one hundred ommatidia. The holotype does not clearly show whether the ocelli are present or absent, but they are clearly absent in the 2005 specimen. The mandibles are scimitar- shaped with no teeth present on the interior sides and almost the length of the head. The mandibles cross each other near their mid-length and the oral surfaces bear approximately thirty short needle-like setae.

The small, black, three stemmata (simple eyes) sit just behind the antennae at either end of the head capsule, wide apart from each other at approximately 10 times the width of the eye apart. The inner cutting edges of mandibles are entire, unserrated and slightly sickle shaped, the apex very acute. The mandibles have a partially membranous lobe on the molar part. They are much less wide than that of the adult, and appear to be more highly sclerotised.

The specific derived morphology of the teeth on the mandible varies depending on whether the insect eats broad-leafed herbs or grasses. This same simple structure is seen in all of the remaining Polyneopteran insect orders, with the exception of the Paraneoptera (Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, and Phthiraptera). The mandibles of adult and larval Odonata appear simple and generalized, although there are typically six or seven mandibular muscles. Ephemeroptera rarely feed as adults, though the nymphs have simple mandibles.

The front edge of the propodium has a collar like ring of hairs. The gaster is attached to the petiole with a broad connection on the second metasomal segment, while the petiole is generally stalk shaped. A sting is present and partly extended from the gaster tip. C. janovitzi mandibles, labrum, and denticles Similar to the C. janovitzi gyne is the Camelomecia species gyne described, but the mandibles are slightly more elongated then the holotype gyne.

Fishflies are members of the subfamily Chauliodinae, belonging to the megalopteran family Corydalidae.See references in Haaramo (2008) They are most easily distinguished from their closest relatives, dobsonflies, by the jaws (mandibles) and antennae. In contrast to the large jaws (especially in males) of dobsonflies, fishfly mandibles are not particularly noticeable or distinctive, and the males have feathery antennae similar to many large moths. Chauliodes pectinicornis, the "summer fishfly", is a well-known species in North America.

In general, females are easily identifiable by the lack of scopa, reduced body hair, thick exoskeleton, and mandibles. Separation of this genus from other Nomadinae can be difficult; details of the wing venation, and the nature of the patch of silvery setae at the tip of the female metasoma are the best distinguishing features. Species of Nomada exhibit an unusual behavior where adult bees are observed to be sleeping by using only their mandibles to hold onto plants.

The Haidomyrmodes holotype gyne has a similar structure to species of Haidomyrmex. The mandibles very large and well developed with an L-shaped appearance in side view. In both genera the clypeus has a pair of elongated setae and the genae are elongated. The two genera can be told apart by the placement of the bend in the mandible, with Haidomyrmodes having a more basal bend, and mandibles that are positioned closer to the head when closed.

The largest group of ants show some directional orientation, with six of the workers facing essentially the same direction, but the other five show no direction. G. orientalis with extended mandibles An additional amber fossil, JZC Bu1646, entombed two fighting Gerontoformica workers. The smaller G. tendir worker is gripping the right antennae between its mandibles. The larger G. spiralis worker is in turn in gripping the right fore leg protarsus between its left mandible and clypeus comb.

Gorytes quinquecinctus can reach a length of about .Commanster These small wasps are black with yellow markings. Mandibles are black, while clypeus is black with yellow spots. They nest in the soil.

Beside these, the orbits are where the eyes are situated. The mouthparts comprise three pairs of maxillipeds, behind which are a pair of maxillae, a pair of maxillules, and finally the mandibles.

Like all hemipterans, instead of mandibles for chewing, tesseratomids possess a piercing-sucking mouthpart for feeding (known as the rostrum). In tesseratomids, the rostrum has 4 segments. Tessaratomids are oftentimes vividly colored.

Psalidognathus friendi can reach a length of .Coleoptera Atlas The surfaceof the elytra may be metallic brown, green or bluish. The head and the prothorax are spiny and the mandibles are very large.

Puncture markings are very coarse, but become finer towards the apical margin. They are very closely spaced. The mandibles demonstrate three dentate ridges. The broadly triangular lower process is located along the midline.

It has been found that behavioral changes of larval mandibles occur in both H. buttivitta and H. subrotata depending upon usage, however research has not yet proven that this occurs in N. arizonaria.

They also have rounded apices. The row of clypeal margin denticles is composed of two short rows. Each row is composed of 15 denticles each. The mandibles are short and barely overlap medially.

For instance, just like flying insects, Thysanura have so- called dicondylic mandibles, while Archaeognatha have monocondylic mandibles. The reason for their resemblance is not due to a particularly close relationship, but rather because they both have kept a primitive and original anatomy in a much higher degree than the winged insects. The most primitive order of flying insects, the mayflies (Ephemeroptera), are also those who are most morphologically and physiologically similar to these wingless insects. Some mayfly nymphs resemble aquatic thysanurans.

Foundresses tend to show more wear than workers do on their mandibles and wings, suggesting they participate in more work, such as constructing brood cells, maintaining the nest, and provisioning the brood. Workers show “reproductive opportunism,” where their level of altruism can range from entirely altruistic to entirely selfish. It is unclear how exactly this flexibility is possible or how this individual behavior leads to spreads throughout the population. Sterile workers typically show more wear on their wings and mandibles than reproductive workers.

Variation in fat density within the melon ultimately contributes to the production of highly directional, ultrasonic sound beams in front of the melon. The combined melon and spermaceti organ system cooperate to focus echolocative sounds. Like in most odontocetes, the known echoreception apparatus used by the pygmy sperm whale is linked to the fat-filled lower mandibles within the skull. However, compositional topography of the pygmy sperm whale's skull indicates abnormally large fatty jowls surrounding the mandibles, suggesting a more intricate echoreception apparatus.

The "nectar robbing" behavior is exhibited when the organism obtains the nectar of the flowers without getting in contact with sexual parts of the flowers. B. occidentalis can be seen displaying this behavior due to the shortness of their tongues. Instead of going through the normal route, B. occidentalis use their mandibles to make holes to circumvent the process. The mandibles of B. occidentalis are thus understandably more toothed than that of other bumble species to help them cut into the flowers.

P. semenowi is larger than most Polistes species, which initially caused it to be classified in a separate genus (Sulcopolistes). Both the first femur and posterior tibia of this wasp are elongated, and its mandibles are significantly thicker than those of other wasp species. Moreover, the mandibles of this species, similarly to Polistes sulcifer and Polistes atrimandibularis, are marked by a distinct groove. This wasp species also has distinctive black markings on its clypeus, the function of which is currently unclear.

The mandibles have an overall triangular outline, with a convex curvature to the outside edges and smooth, toothless chewing edges. The dark brownish-black body is covered in fine setae that lay against the exoskeleton. Unlike B. electrina the robust mesosoma is approximately the same length as the head including mandibles. The petiole is short and wide, the width being about double the length in profile, and the frond and rear sides narrow slightly towards the base giving a wedge like outline.

Features of the imago are externally recognizable in the pupa. All the appendages on the adult head and thorax are found cased inside the cuticle (antennae, mouthparts, etc.), with the wings wrapped around, adjacent to the antennae. The pupae of some species have functional mandibles, while the pupal mandibles are not functional in others. Although the pupal cuticle is highly sclerotized, some of the lower abdominal segments are not fused, and are able to move using small muscles found in between the membrane.

Fabricius coined the term Odonata from the Ancient Greek (Ionic form of ) 'tooth' apparently because they have teeth on their mandibles, even though most insects also have toothed mandibles. The word dragonfly is also sometimes used to refer to all Odonata, but odonate is a more correct English name for the group as a whole. Odonata enthusiasts avoid ambiguity by using the term true dragonfly, or simply anisopteran, when referring to just the Anisoptera. The term Warriorfly has also been proposed.

Considerable work has been published on the evolution of ant dulosis and almost all of it has at least some empirical evidence to defend its positions. Notably, that nearly all raiding ant species have is an adaptation of their mandibles that make them big or piercing or both. It makes sense that the very thing that helps an ant be a better raider makes that same ant depend on others. The parasite loses the use of its mandibles for actual work.

Restoration of V. brevirostris V. brevirostris is known from the holotype FMNH UC 644, a three-dimensionally preserved nearly complete and articulated skeleton including a nearly complete skull and mandibles. It was collected in the Indian Creek, 35 site (=Cacops Bonebed), from the Arroyo Formation of the Clear Fork Group, Baylor County of Texas, dating to the early Kungurian stage of the Cisuralian Epoch, about 279.5-272.5 million years ago. Many well preserved specimens from the same locality and horizon of the type specimen, including FMNH UR 2423, nearly complete skull and mandibles, MCZ 1926, complete skull and mandibles and FMNH P 12841, partial skeleton, are referred to V. brevirostris. One articulated skeleton with bite marks was found in southwest of Abilene (Arroyo Formation), Taylor County of Texas.

Agra dable measure 14.5-18.0 mm in length and 4.28-4.70 mm in width. They are coloured black and shiny, with the tips of the mandibles red. They are very similar to Agra solisi.

Females have two larval stages and males only one. They have strong mandibles, and their larval phase lasts 10 to 26 days. The adults are small black beetles. Females are 1.4–1.8 mm long.

Myrmecia vindexs are around 21 millimetres long on average, and they have normally have a red head, and a black abdomen. Their mandibles are long, strongly toothed, and appears in a yellow palish colour.

The parabasisphenoid (base of the braincase, towards the rear of the palate) is triangular and also covered with denticles. The mandibles are not well-preserved in any specimen, but seemingly lacked any unusual features.

Given the rounded heads and lack of strong chewing mandibles, Dlussky hypothesized the colony nests to have been in preexisting cavities of the tree, or more likely, in debris and soils accumulating around epiphytes.

In contrast, fully grown larvae are white, cylindrical and legless with yellow coloured heads. At this stage the mandibles begin to orient downward and ridges start to appear on the top of the prothorax.

These mechanically reduce the digestibility of plant tissue, causing rapid wear to vertebrate teeth and insect mandibles, and are effective against herbivores above and below ground. The mechanism may offer future sustainable pest control strategies.

The beak may also be referred to as the mandibles or jaws.Tanabe, K., Y. Hikida & Y. Iba (2006). Two coleoid jaws from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Paleontology 80(1): 138–145.

Including their large mandibles, male specimens range in length from 20.5 to 29 mm. Females range in length from 17.0–23.6 mm. They have a dull to slightly glossy exoskeleton. Their elytra have obvious ridges.

Not much is known about Myrmecia rowlandi, but workers typically are 13-21 mm long. Their heads and thoraces are black, their legs are a brownish black colour, mandibles are yellow, and antennae are red.

Trichodectes canis survives by consuming flakes of skin and fluids produced by their canine hosts' skin. T. canis modified mouthparts including mandibles with no maxillary palps are used to scrape the hosts' skin to feed.

The holotype is deposited in the Senckenberg Museum of Frankfurt, Germany. The species epithet ', which is Latin for "carried off", was chosen by Williams in reference to the mealybug being preserved in the ant's mandibles.

Heads are triangular in shape, with filiform to moniliform antennae of 11 antennomeres, and large mandibles. The pronotum is narrower than the head.Michael C. Thomas and R.A.B. Leschen. 2010. Cucujidae Latreille, 1802. p. 350-354.

The antennae have and exposed base and are an overall length of . Unlike either of the other species, the compound eyes of H. zigrasi are positioned in the front half of the head capsule while the eyes in both H. cerberus and H. scimitarus are positioned near the middle of the head capsule. The smoothly curved mandibles curve up immediately from the base and sport an asymmetrical tooth near the base which projects downward. The left mandibles tooth is distinctly larger than that on the right mandible.

The structure of the mandibles and clypeus result in an elongated head. The legs are very long and the pretarsal claw has a single tooth while the metasoma show telescoping segments and a fully retractable sting. H. scimitarus tomographic scan H. cerberus is known from a partial wingless female worker estimated to have been long by Dlussky. The L shaped mandibles are positioned at an oblique angle to each other with a wide separation of the mandible bases and lack a margin for mastication of food items.

Soldier termites are also wingless and resemble workers except that they have a large, rectangular, yellowish-brown head with long black mandibles. The soldiers’ primary function is colony defense and the mandibles are mainly used for crushing enemy ants which may invade the colony. Additionally, R. flavipes has a fontanelle (frontal gland pore) on the forehead from which it secretes a blend of terpenoid compounds. These secretions are synthesised de novo and are also used to defend the colony from predators such as ants.

The bee will spread its mandibles and tilt its head up so that its mandibles are pointing at the rival. They will then lift their abdomen and hold their wings at a wide angle; level 1 is only a display of aggression. Level 2 involves brief bodily contact and the goal is to knock the intruder off of the plant or to the ground if the fight occurs in the air. Occasionally, the bees will nip at each other’s legs, but injury is not intended.

Bull ant showing the powerful mandibles and the relatively large compound eyes, which provide excellent vision Myrmecia ants are easily noticeable due to their large mandibles and large compound eyes that provide excellent vision and a powerful sting that they use to kill prey. Each of their eyes contains 3,000 facets, making them the second largest in the ant world. Size varies widely, ranging from in length. The largest Myrmecia species is M. brevinoda, with workers measuring ; M. brevinoda workers are also the largest in the world.

Banded sugar ants will often attack the nests of other ant species at random, while ignoring other ants nearby. They use their mandibles to hold opponents, and use formic acid to kill them. Foraging workers use visual cues to help them find their way around, or to let them determine that they are lost; workers will identify landmarks they are familiar with to orientate themselves. When provoked, an individual banded sugar ant will lift up its abdomen and use its large mandibles to fend off an attacker.

The genus is characterized by workers which have head-capsules that are trapezoidal in shape, narrowing at the front and widening towards the rear of the capsule. The oval compound eyes are generally placed slightly to the rear of the capsules midpoint, and lacking ocelli completely. The mandibles have a number of teeth along the masticatory margin (the middle area of the mandibles) and an overall triangular shape. The gaster has a flat first tergite that does not cover the petiole, a flat fourth abdominal sternite.

The Anochetus corayi type specimen is a small and well preserved alate female. The specimen has an estimated body length of , with a long head and long mandibles. The overall coloration of the species is a chestnut brown, with the slightly lighter coxae and gaster, while the wings have dark brown veins and pterostigma and an overall uniform brownish membrane. The mandibles are generally short and notably thick with a flare in width from the base to tips and have a strong convex curvature to them.

Up to the first three pairs of legs are modified to maxillipeds, which assist manipulation of food items by passing food forward to the mandibles for chewing or to the maxillae for cutting into smaller pieces.

A. flavissima has a dorsal tooth modification of the inner surface of its mandibles where the tooth is elongated and blade- like, making it potentially possible for the species to consume the flesh of bigger organisms.

Cryptotermes ceylonicus, is a species of dry wood termite of the genus Cryptotermes. It is found in Sri Lanka. It is found in living wood, and other man-made wooden constructions. They possess teeth-less mandibles.

As parasites, they lack a pollen- carrying scopa, and are often extraordinarily wasp-like in appearance. All known species share the behavioral trait of females entering host nests when the host is absent, and inserting their eggs into the wall of the host cell; the larval parasite emerges later, after the cell has been closed by the host female, and kills the host larva. The first-instar larvae of nomadines are specially adapted for this, and possess long mandibles they use to kill the host larva, though these mandibles are lost as soon as the larva molts to the second instar, at which point it simply feeds on the pollen/nectar provisions. Another unusual behavioral habit seen in adults of various genera is they frequently "sleep" while grasping onto plant stems or leaves with only their mandibles.

A. sulcatus larvae capture prey headfirst, with their mandibles before injecting digestive enzymes, for extra oral digestion.Chandra, G., et al.(2008) Adults do not use extra oral digestion, instead using their strong mouth parts to devour prey.

Origin and evolution of the Elephantidae. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Philadelphia Volume 63. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Pp. 149 He based his conclusion on the presence of vestigial incisive germs in mandibles of Mammuthus planifrons.

Vereshchagin discovered the first U. rossicus remains in the Altai Mountains in 1973. Mandibles of the bear were found in Bachatsk Quarry, Krasni Yar (in Tomsk Province) and Mokhovo Quarry; skull fragments were found in Krasni Yar.

Strumigenys metazytes is a species of ant that has a distinct diastema on the basal portion of the mandibles with 4 sharp teeth and the species has small hairs. The species was described by Bolton in 2000.

The entrance stones, the animal mandibles and copies of a variety of other finds are on display in the Wolfhagen Country Museum (Regionalmuseum Wolfhager Land) in Wolfhagen. The remaining finds are in the State Museum of Kassel.

The adult emerges from the pupa either by using abdominal hooks or from projections located on the head. The mandibles found in the most primitive moth families are used to escape from their cocoon (e. g., Micropterigoidea).

The amber is suggested to have formed in a tropical environment around 5° north latitude and the resin to have been produced by either an Araucariaceae or Cupressaceae species tree. The mandibles of Haidomyrmecini genera are unique among ants in having a movement along the vertical plane. All other species with a trap-jaw type mandible structure show movement along the horizontal plane. Barden and Grimaldi suggest that the mandibles may have been capable of opening up to between 140° and 180°, if 0° is a closed position with the mandible tips near the clypeus.

Overall the species of Haidomyrmex are gracile ants which range from in length and have a generally smooth exoskeleton. All species show a lack of ocelli but have distinct bulging compound eyes. The antennae, where fully known, are long with eleven total segments while the clypeus is generally developed into a setae covered pad and sporting two long trigger hairs. The highly modified mandibles are generally scythe to L shaped and have only two teeth, displaying a hinge movement placing the tips of the mandibles on the clypeus surface.

Termites take advantage of their modified mandibles in phragmosis, which is the blocking of the nest with any part of the body; in this case of termites, nest entrances are blocked by the heads of soldiers. Some species of bee, mainly that of the genus Trigona, also exhibit such aggressive behavior. The Trigona fuscipennis species in particular, make use of attraction, landing, buzzing and angular flights as typical alarm behaviors. But biting is the prominent form of defense among T. fuscipennis bees and involve their strong, sharp five-toothed mandibles.

The ant that averages the largest for the mean size within the whole colony is a ponerine ant, Dinoponera gigantea, from South America, averaging up to from the mandibles to the end of abdomen. Workers of the bulldog ant (Myrmecia brevinoda) of Australia are up to in total length, although much of this is from their extremely large mandibles. The largest of the bee species, also in the order Hymenoptera, is Megachile pluto of Indonesia, the females of which can be long, with a wingspan. Nearly as large, the carpenter bees can range up to .

At first the female reacts somewhat aggressively, moving the head from side to side with mandibles wide apart. However, she then allows the male to come closer and place his mandibles over her wings in a perpendicular position, a position he holds until the female signals reception to mating. At least in Protohermes, during copulation the male attaches to the female's genitalia a large, globular spermatophore about 4 mm long and wide. The spermatophore consists of two parts: a large gelatinous mass, and a smaller seminal duct containing the sperm.

Evidence of this activity can be found in their worn mandibles. Young females rarely leave the nest and guard the entrance while the older females work, resulting in unworn wings and mandibles in the younger females. Additionally, X. virginica is the only known species in which one-year-old females cohabit the nest with two-year-old females that do all the labor. Males often have long period of hovering flying or fast pursuit of intruders while females flight activity is usually very directed, such as flights to flowers and food sites.

The adult dobsonfly is a large insect up to 140 millimetres long with a wingspan of up to 125 millimetres.BugGuide The female has short powerful mandibles of a similar size to those of the larva while the mandibles of the male are sickle-shaped and up to 40 millimetres long, half as long as the body. The antennae are long and segmented and the greyish translucent, many veined wings are often mottled with white dots. When at rest the wings are folded flat over the insect's back and extend beyond the abdomen.

Their stings are painful and can be dangerous to hypersensitive people. A weaver ant in fighting position, mandibles wide open Trap-jaw ants of the genus Odontomachus are equipped with mandibles called trap-jaws, which snap shut faster than any other predatory appendages within the animal kingdom. One study of Odontomachus bauri recorded peak speeds of between , with the jaws closing within 130 microseconds on average. The ants were also observed to use their jaws as a catapult to eject intruders or fling themselves backward to escape a threat.

Those that feed on catkins appear golden with many small projections, a fuzzy coating, and brown dots along its back that mimic catkin stamens. Since these larvae feed on pollen, their heads and mandibles are smaller than those that feed on leaves and twigs, possibly because large mandibles are not necessary for catkin consumption3. Subsequent rearing experiments have shown that only larval diet influence the developmental trigger. Although genotypically similar, these eggs, upon hatching, begin feeding on oak leaves rather than the out of season catkins and develop jaws to accommodate feeding.

In non-chewing insects, such as adult Lepidoptera, the maxillae may be drastically adapted to other functions. Unlike the mandibles, but like the labium, the maxillae bear lateral palps on their stipites. These palps serve as organs of touch and taste in feeding and in the inspection of potential foods and/or prey. In chewing insects, adductor and abductor muscles extend from inside the cranium to within the bases of the stipites and cardines much as happens with the mandibles in feeding, and also in using the maxillae as tools.

A glial sheath is essential for sending signals at a fast rate, because it allows for a single smooth road rather than having the signal jump from neuron to neuron. The mandibles are controlled by the stimulation of two large sensory neurons that project through the sensory mandibular nerve into the suboesophageal ganglion. To operate the mandible muscles, the ends of the sensory neurons lead to the thick dendritic trunks of the four motor neurons. The mandibles of O. bauri are kept in place with a latch called the clypeus.

The oldest fossil tiger beetle yet found, Cretotetracha grandis, comes from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia, China, and dates to the early Cretaceous Period, 125 million years ago. Most fossils found are grey or yellow silty mudstone. Traits that identify Cretotetracha as Cicindelinae include long mandibles shaped like sickles, simple teeth arranged along the mandible's inner surface, antennae that attach to the head between the base of the mandibles and the eye. The left mandible is approximately 3.3 mm and the right mandible is approximately 4.2mm long.

To date, the only material of Pelagiarctos that has been found includes a handful of partial mandibles. The mandibles themselves are approximately the same size as those of the contemporaneous pinniped Allodesmus kernensis, but differ in that the cheek teeth have two roots (instead of one, as in Allodesmus) and that the dentary itself is much thicker. They are also highly vascularized and covered in unusually large mental foramina, indicating that Pelagiarctos may have had somewhat fleshy lips. The cheek teeth resemble those of several terrestrial carnivores, specifically borophagine dogs and hyaenids.

The two species are distinguished by the mandible features, with S. cornutus having longer mandibles that have only two teeth. S. cornutus has less continuous punctures on the pronotum and a much larger projection at the front edge.

Mallondon downesi can reach a length of about . The colours range from dark brown to black. Females are larger than males and have longer curved mandibles. Antennae are quite short in comparison with other species in the family.

The second antenna is strongly reduced in females, and consists of numerous segments in males. Cumaceans have six pairs of mouthparts: one pair of mandibles, one pair of maxillules, one pair of maxillae and three pairs of maxillipeds.

Myostola occidentalis is basically dark brown, with pale rose- coloured hairs on the joints of the palps and legs. The female's body, including the mandibles, is around long; the male is smaller, at around and lighter in colour.

Where preserved the mandibles comprise less than half the length of the head. The petiole is rounded in side view, with a high, thick scale, and there are visible hairs preserved on the last segment of the petiole.

Like E. abductus the E. reginae female was preserved in the mandibles of an Acropyga glaesaria ant, this one a queen. In reference to this the specific epithet reginae comes from the Latin ' meaning "belonging to a queen".

If the gills are soft, the parasite is able to pierce its mandibles on the gills to attach. This enables the female to feed on the host's blood which leads to the formation and growth of their wings.

Macrotermes convulsionarius, is a species of termite of the genus Macrotermes. It is native to India and Sri Lanka. Soldiers are very large with well developed mandibles. It is a major pest of many wood works in buildings.

The shape and bend of the marginal cell is typical for the tribe Exomalopsini, while the shape of the cells in the forewing and the simple structure of the mandibles are found only in the Anthophorula subgenus Anthophorula members.

General colour grey brown. Head furnished with strong mandibles. Antennae (with the basal joint very thick) much longer than the insect. Thorax rough, gibbous, and full of small pustules, two of which form an obtuse spine on the sides.

Besides their bizarre morphology Mystrium ants have also evolved some unique biological traits. They have a unique defense mechanism in which they snap their mandibles to generate a powerful strike (Gronenberg et al. 1998; Moffett 1986). Molet et al.

Harpegnathos is a small ponerine genus of ants found in South and Southeast Asia. They are notable for their jumping ability, complex colony structure, and large to very large workers easily identifiable by their long mandibles and large eyes.

S. dispar is 3.2 mm long and black, with yellowish brown mandibles, antennae, legs and terminal segments of gaster. S. anderseni is only 2 mm long, has a very different petiolar and postpetiolar structure and is paler in color.

The name refers to the nests that are made by the female wasps, which consist of mud molded into place by the wasp's mandibles. Mud daubers are not normally aggressive, but can become belligerent when threatened. Stings are uncommon.

It lacks eyes. Its mandibles are rod-like, with anterior dentition. Its maxillae has 7 pairs of free denticles. It also counts with two peristomial segments without setae, its parapodia being uniramous and showing short dorsal and ventral cirri.

The genus was first established as a subgenus of Euponera, when Emery (1900) described B. croceicornis. Workers are small to medium in size (3–7 mm) and have triangular mandibles. Queens are similar to workers, but larger and winged.

Workers and major workers are mostly coloured orange. Workers are long; they look after larvae and farm scale bugs for honeydew. Major workers are long, with long strong legs and large mandibles. They forage, assemble and expand the nest.

Moehau stag beetles range in length (including mandibles) from 21.0 to 27.0 mm (males) and from 21.0 to 23.7 mm (females). They demonstrate sexual dimorphism. The exoskeleton ranges from dull to glossy. It is black in colour and is pitted throughout.

No specimens have recently been discovered, and the species may now be extinct. Apterocyclus palmatus are 22-23 mm in length, and are identified by their long mandibles that have no internal teeth, and the distinctive shape of their front tibia.

The scape is about as long as the head and protrudes beyond the posterior margin. The mandibles are just over half the heads length, with at least five teeth on each. There are notable distinct parallel longitudinal lines on the head.

Mating pair. Male grips female at back of thorax with his (pale-coloured) mandibles Cicindela campestris, commonly called the green tiger beetle is a widespread Eurasian species of tiger beetle. It is the type species of the large genus Cicindela.

Queens do not use pheremones to control their workers. Instead, they exhibit aggressive behavior such as opening her mandibles to head-butt the most dominant of the worker bees in order to maintain her dominance and have control of the colony.

They are solitary and mostly nocturnal hunters, that move about at a brisk pace. They have strong mandibles that can inflict a serious bite, and prey on a variety of invertebrates. The last revision of the genus was undertaken in 1946.

Kogiopsis is a genus of Middle Miocene cetacean from the family Kogiidae. Kogiopsis had very long teeth, long, without root. These teeth are found mostly in Florida and South Carolina. In addition to its teeth, Kogiopsis is known primarily from mandibles.

Macrodontia batesi is a species in the long-horned beetle genus Macrodontia. This species is among the largest beetles, and specimens have been known to exceed in length. A fair bit of this length, however, is due to the enormous mandibles.

Not all nests have a female with developed ovaries. Foraging adults bring nectar and macerated prey back to the nest to feed to the developing larvae which are individually housed in separate cells in the nest. It has mandibles with teeth.

Their bill is yellow with a dark spot on the tip of the lower mandible. Finally, they have an orange cheek stripe. The juveniles have more extensive grey and their bill is blue-grey with black tips on both mandibles.

When it can be seen, sternite 8 will show a downwards curve at its tip. The males have the sides and top of the face coloured white with the bottom having long white hairs, it has long mandibles and rounded cheeks.

Species are found in a range of habitats including deserts and rainforests. Characteristics of Amitermes soldiers include a bulbous head, sickle-shaped mandibles with a single tooth on their inner margins and cephalic glands on the front of their heads.

In the Lufeng region of China, a known miocine hominoid site, a series of excavations were done between 1975 and 1983 which recovered five skulls, tens of mandibles, hundreds of isolated teeth and some post-cranial bones of the species.

Tenthredo crassa can reach a length of about . These large sawflies have a black head, thorax and abdomen, with black femurs, yellowish tibiae and tarsi. Antennae are black, with white three final segments. The mandibles are whitish at the base.

Closely resembling worker in the structure of the mandibles, clypeus, petiole, postpetiole and gaster in addition to sculpture, color and pilosity with the following differences. Larger. Eyes are much larger with diameter composed of ca. 12 facets. Three ocelli is present.

The more complete specimen, the holotype, is a partial skull with articulated mandibles and a substantial amount of the postcranial skeleton. The less complete specimen, the paratype, consists only of the right margin of the skull with an articulated mandible.

The second antenna segment is nearly the same length as wide, contrasting the next segment which is 3.5 times longer than wide. The mandibles are well developed and opposable, a feature that separates M. leptogenoides males from those of Pachycondyla species.

Tiger beetles often have large bulging eyes, long, slender legs and large curved mandibles. All are predatory, both as adults and as larvae. The genus Cicindela has a cosmopolitan distribution. Other well-known genera include Tetracha, Omus, Amblycheila and Manticora.

Mouthparts show little development, with only mandibles and maxillipeds present, sometimes with a second pair of rudimentary maxillae. Males are of smaller size than females and of different appearance. Development is through regressive metamorphosis, undergoing two or three larval stages.

Alternatively, the bird may stand passively at the water's edge with its half-open bill steadily submerged in the water where waves are present, so that water flows through the bird's mandibles. The milky stork also sometimes draws its bill through the water in an arc side-to-side when standing or walking, until the bill touches a prey item. Another common tactile feeding method in this stork is direct probing of its bill around deep holes in the mud. With partially open mandibles, the bird inserts and partially withdraws its bill from the mud for 5–32 seconds per hole.

The soldier caste of most Reticulitermes defend the nest by either using their mandibles to attack invaders or by using their large heads to plug the entrances to their nests. They are most well-known for their defensive abilities, though they are known to do many other tasks, such as aiding colony reproduction by accompanying alates and stimulating the production of supplementary reproductives. Like other termite soldiers, they are unable to feed themselves due to their large mandibles. Many species of Reticulitermes have sex biases in their soldier castes with significantly more female soldiers than males.

Seven leafcutter ant workers of various castes (left) and two queens (right) In the colonies of a few ant species, there are physical castes—workers in distinct size-classes, called minor, median, and major ergates. Often, the larger ants have disproportionately larger heads, and correspondingly stronger mandibles. These are known as macrergates while smaller workers are known as micrergates. Although formally known as dinergates, such individuals are sometimes called "soldier" ants because their stronger mandibles make them more effective in fighting, although they still are workers and their "duties" typically do not vary greatly from the minor or median workers.

It was also found, however, that females found in the populations of males with exaggerated mandibles had lower fitness (as determined by lifetime reproductive success, LRS) relative to the fitness of females in populations with males with smaller mandibles. Since this male sex- limited trait affects female fitness, intralocus sexual conflict has not been resolved. This highlights the importance of sexual conflict to evolution, because it cannot simply be defused by sex-limited trait expression. Later the same year, a paper in Evolution also came to the same conclusions about sexual antagonism in relation to sex-limited genes.

With the mandibles closed, the trigger hairs are long enough that they could still be tripped. There is the possibility that the jaws could have been used as a defense mechanism, being used to knock predators away or stun prey though a rapid opening of the mandibles. The horn and setae would not be used at all in those maneuvers, so defense was probably not the sole function. While the structure may have been used for moving food and nest materials, the likelihood of that being the only function is low, as the trigger hairs would not be needed then.

Anterior femora > black, black stripe above and on inner side of patella and tibia I., rest of > legs pale yellowish, without any spots. Mandibles and mouth parts red-brown; > sternum black. Abdomen black, clothed above and on sides with iridescent > scales and long hairs; venter black, hairy, and with two indistinct rows of > pale spots. Structure in general similar to Z. bettini, but the mandibles > are not quite so large; and the sternum is much broader, not narrowed in > front, so that the anterior coxae, which are not as long as in Z. bettini, > are more widely separated.

The Anochetus conisquamis type specimen is well preserved, though some body structures were lost prior to entombment. The specimen has an estimated body length of , with a long head and long mandibles. The overall coloration of the species is a dark brown to black, with the coxae, front third of the petiole, and portions of the trochanters a yellow-reddish tone. The mandibles are just under the width of the head and about one-quarter the length, flare in width from the base to tips and have between ten teeth which decrease in size from the tips to the bases.

Strumigenys minutula is a species of ant found in Japan and Taiwan. This is the smallest ant in its genus (workers less than in length) and can be easily identified by size alone, as well as by characteristically short, strongly curved mandibles.

The other was collected in 1996, on a Kauai footpath at 1000m elevation, damaged and apparently stepped on. It was discussed in a 1997 paper as the rediscovery of Apterocyclus honoluluensis. Apterocyclus kawaii can be identified by its distinctive mandibles and front tibia.

A poke into any of these openings results in a surge of workers running out with mandibles wide open. They have extraordinarily large eyes. They primarily feed on insects. It was in these ants that an antibiotic in the metapleural gland was discovered.

They are dark brown and have an orange head. The soldiers are larger than the alates, and they reach an average length of 0.4 inches, and have a broad red head with black mandibles. They have a larger third segment as well.

Caenorhabditis elegans is among the most primitive organisms in which sleep-like states have been observed. A cuckoo bee from the genus Nomada, sleeping. Note the characteristic position anchored by the mandibles. Bees have some of the most complex sleep states amongst insects.

Mandibles are large and sickle-shaped. Adults can be found from May until June. Larvae may be solitary or form a colony, mainly feeding on deciduous trees. Main host plants are Rosaceae and Betulaceae, others are Salicaceae, Aceraceae, Caprifoliaceae, Fagaceae, Cornaceae and Juglandaceae.

Mandibles mostly smooth with a few weak striae. Masticatory margin of mandible lacking a diastema and possessing four teeth. The third tooth, counting from the apex, is the smallest. A strongly prominent tooth present about midway on the basal margin of mandible.

They are omnivorous, but feed primarily on dead arthropods and carrion. When arthropod carcasses are scarce, their diet relies heavily on plant material. The fossil species Plesioblattogryllus magnificus from the Middle Jurassic had strong mandibles and is thought to have been a predator.

Young larvae are found on the underside of the leaves of their host plant. Later, they can also be found on the upperside. Young larvae eat out the parenchyma, leaving the epidermis. First instar larvae are entirely white, except for the claws and mandibles.

This study identified three fully preserved skulls. In addition, 20 mandibles and several post-cranial ones found here established that these belonged to at least 20 people.Sophady (2007), p.8 Also found was a bronze mould and various arrowheads, axeheads, chisels and fish hooks etc.

Larvae were collected on rocks, sometimes disposed in a pile, on the island of Laysan. When disturbed, larvae were observed to tightly close the operculum of their case with their mandibles. The abundance of the cases suggests that the species is very common on Laysan.

Tithoes maculatus can reach a length of . Head and thorax are blackish, while elytra are brown, with whitish blotches. Males of this longicorn beetle has a very large head and long, strong, falciform mandibles. Three spiny teeth are present on both lateral edges of prothorax.

Backward-pointing serrations line the mandibles. The primaries, secondaries, humerals and rectrices are brown-black. The inner webs of the secondaries are white at the base. The underwing is white except for the brown-black flight-feathers that are not covered by the white coverts.

Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2002. Additional physical defenses include modified mandibles, horns, and spines on the tibia and femur. When these spines take on a main predatory role, they are termed raptorial. Some insects uniquely create retreats that appear uninteresting or inedible to predators.

University of Florida IFAS. 2009. Only the female feeds on the blood of vertebrates, which requires mandibles. The abdomen becomes distended with the ingestion of a blood meal. The dark brown eggs are elongated in shape, about 0.3 millimeters long by 0.1 millimeters wide.

The head is dark brown. The strong dark brown mandibles do not show long bristles outside the margins. Pronotum is covered by large black setae and short bristles. The dorsal side of abdomen has a series of circular markings and a characteristic dorsal median stripe.

The prostomium has two short frontal antennae, two globular palps and five main antennae. The mandibles are large and the maxillae have several pairs of plates edged with fine teeth. Some tentacular cirri are present. The anterior parapodium points forward and has tapered ventral cirri.

Cephalotes atratus is a large, mainly black ant; workers are in length and females . Males are up to and have black heads and thoraxes, and dark reddish- brown gasters and limbs. The workers are spiny and heavily armoured with powerful mandibles for chewing through wood.

High intensity displays between individuals may lead to combat with preliminary grappling occurring with fore legs which usually results in an individual being thrown onto its back. Any object coming into contact with the mandibles is seized frequently resulting in the loss of appendages.

The musk lorikeet is long. It is mainly green and it is identified by its red forehead, blue crown and a distinctive yellow band on its wing. Both upper and lower mandibles of the beak are red at the tip and darker near its base.

As a member of the order Hymenoptera, Polistes carnifex has mandibles, which may be used to obtain wood fibers, build nests, or capture and macerate prey.Murtfeldt, Mary, E. (1891). Outlines of Entomology: Prepared for the use of farmers and horticulturists. Kirkwood, MO: Mary E. Murtfeldt.

Chewing insects have two mandibles, one on each side of the head. They are typically the largest mouthpart of chewing insects, being used to masticate (cut, shred, tear, crush, chew) food items. They open outwards (to the sides of the head) and come together medially.

Cornell News: Slime- mold beetle named for Bush. The same authors named A. vaderi after the fictional Darth Vader. Some species can roll themselves up into an almost complete sphere, similar to pillbugs. Some males have horns on their left mandibles to dislodge rival males.

Lucanus laminifer reaches a length of about in male, while the females reach about . Males show two long mandibles with small teeth at the inner side. The head bears a median and two lateral processes. Elytra are black or dark brown, smooth and shining.

Sometimes the presence of dead Trigona bees on the flowers is enough to keep away other bees. They also often displace T. fulviventris from natural food sources. They defend their foraging patches against other bees by using their mandibles to harass, bite and kill competitors.

These are not part of their mandibles, so strictly speaking they sting rather than bite. They are mostly nocturnal hunters. Despite their developed eyes, they seem to rely mostly on their antennae when hunting. Their antennae are sensitive to both smells and tactile information.

T. canis has several adaptations that better suit it to being a permanent parasite. The females’ modified legs, mandibles, and abdominal appendages allow them to grip to fur easily. T. canis tend to move much slower than human lice, and may appear almost motionless.

Juvenile on the right. The gap between the mandibles develops with age. The breeding season is after the rains, during July to September in northern India and Nepal, and November to March in southern India and Sri Lanka. They may skip breeding in drought years.

Many have small mandibles that are covered by a widened clypeus, the exoskeleton plate above the mouth. The feet are clawed. This is a diverse subfamily with varied life strategies and habitat types. Many species are dung beetles, which collect and feed on animal dung.

The lower jaw has a long symphysis where the two halves come together. This symphysis is formed mostly from the mandibles, but also partially by the splenials. Unlike other goniopholidids, the squamosal bone (which is found near the back of the skull) is narrow.

It possesses no eyes, its mandibles being L-shaped, counting with anterior serration. Its maxillae exhibits 7 free denticles. It also counts with two peristomial segments without setae. Its parapodia has dorsal ventral cirri, with simple supraacicular chaetae and compound subacicular chaetae with serrated blades.

Workers of most species have a ridged clypeus, an appendaged stinger, mandibles with 3 or 4 teeth, and antennae with 11 or 12 segments or with 3-segmented clubs on the tips. The genus is divided into several species groups defined by various characters.

The prothorax forms a slender mobile "neck" for the large, square, flattened head, which bears an enormous pair of sickle-like jaws with several sharp, hollow projections. The jaws are formed by the maxillae and mandibles; the mandibles each contain a deep groove over which the maxilla fits neatly, forming an enclosed canal for injecting venom to immobilise the victim, and enzymes to digest its soft parts. The larva is clad in forward-pointing bristles which help it to anchor itself and exert greater traction, enabling it to subdue prey considerably larger than itself. Antlion larvae are unusual among insects in lacking an anus.

Other features include large ocelli, short scapes, 12 antennomeres, small eyes, and a clypeal margin that has a row of peg-like denticles. The genus Zigrasimecia was originally incertae sedis (uncertain placement) within Formicidae until a second species, Zigrasimecia ferox, was described in 2014, confirming its placement in the subfamily Sphecomyrminae. Due to the highly specialized mandibles, scientists believe that the ants exhibited habits no longer seen in extant ants. The highly movable head suggests that mobility was an important factor for them (probably for feeding behavior), and the rugose projections may have played a major role in nest excavation because the mandibles would have prevented such activity.

The iris is usually dark red but variable, the mandibles slate grey, and the legs and feet greenish-olive. Juveniles are heavily streaked on the throat and breast and barred on the belly. They and have mottled malar stripes, and a brown to brownish-grey iris.

Female beetles have much less variation in their size, ranging in length from 19–20 mm. Their smaller mandibles allow them to be distinguished from male beetles. Their head is widest behind the eyes and distinctly depressed and smooth in males, less so in female beetles.

According to Gunnell, the defining features of the oxyaenids include: A small braincase low in the skull. The occiput wide at base and narrowing dorsally (to give it a triangular shape). The lacrimal bone makes a semicircular expansion on the face. The mandibles have heavy symphysis.

These tracheal gills are multifunctional and key to many biological processes. No dense tufts or branching gills are found on their thoraces or abdomens, unlike other Plecoptera families. The larvae also possess broad, chisel-like mandibles. Adults have two ocelli in addition to its two compound eyes.

Both the holotype and 2005 specimens have a fully preserved gaster tip showing the extended sting, while the paratype is missing the tip area. Due to the unusual morphology of the mandibles, scientists have suggested that Brownimecia may have had a high level of feeding specialization.

The head is also thinner than most Dolichoderinae ants. On the head, the occipital border either curves in or curves out, and no ocelli are present. The antennae consist of twelve segments. The mandibles each have six to eight teeth along with a large apical tooth.

The adults of Polysphincta boops grow up to long, with an ovipositor of . They are among the largest species in the Polysphincta genus-group in Europe. They are characterised by a black body, with yellow scutellum, postscutellum, mandibles and legs. Females show a very long ovipositor.

This fragment has two bony protuberances where the jaw occludes, coinciding with an eminence on one of the mandibles originally referred to Alanqa. These imply an unusual functional specialization in this pterosaur; possible functions include visual display, anchoring of soft tissue, and crushing hard-shelled food.

The ant beetle (Thanasimus formicarius), also known as the European red- bellied clerid, is a medium size insect, rather soft-bodied, with strong mandibles that can tear between the hard sclerotized integument of bark beetles. Larvae and adults are common predators of bark beetles in Europe.

A few species have been noted to produce clicking sounds with the larval mandibles when disturbed. Examples: Luna moth (Actias luna) and Polyphemus moth (Antheraea polyphemus). The clicks may serve as aposematic warning signals to a regurgitation defense. Most are solitary feeders, but some are gregarious.

Like many ground beetle larvae they are elongated with two extensions (urogomphi) at the rear end. They have characteristic double-hooked mandibles. The larvae feed exclusively on amphibians,Shiina, M., and Tachikawa, S. (1988). The life history of Epomis nigricans and its larval stage feeding on toads.

Tokummia katalepsis is a fossil arthropod from the Burgess Shale as found in a quarry in Marble Canyon in Canada. It is an early member of Mandibulata. The fossil is 508 million years old. The animal has maxillipeds, mandibles, ring- shaped body segments, and subdivided basipods.

Females exchange food either by facing each other and engaging in trophallaxis (the transfer of liquid food by putting the mandibles in opposition) or in some cases by mounting another female and bending over her thorax to transfer food. The reproductive females solicit the most frequently.

Mouthparts can have multiple functions. Some insects combine piercing parts along with sponging ones which are then used to pierce through tissues of plants and animals. Female mosquitoes feed on blood (hemophagous) making them disease vectors. The mosquito mouthparts consist of the proboscis, paired mandibles and maxillae.

Eggs are approximately - long and white colored. On the larva stage yellowish, - long, with golden hair and black mandibles. During adulthood, they are dark greyish-brown, elongated, - long and covered with silver hair. They also have silver, shiny spots that form two bands crossing the elytra.

However, the mandible morphology reveals more about their dietary resources. Both have a raised and dome-like anterior cranium, enlarged areas for the attachment of masticatory muscles, enlarged premolars, and reinforced tooth enamel. Bamboo eaters tend to have larger mandibles, while bonecrackers have more sophisticated premolars.

The mandibles of adults are oriented downward. The terminal segment of the antennae is dorso-ventrally flattened and larger than the other antennal segments. The mesothoracic wings are modified into a hardened wing case. A narrow longitudinal groove is present on the middle of the pronotum.

Some cephalopods are known to use coconut shells for protection or camouflage. Ants of the species Conomyrma bicolor pick up stones and other small objects with their mandibles and drop them down the vertical entrances of rival colonies, allowing workers to forage for food without competition.

The worker ants are typically 5.5 - 6.4mm (10 Workers). Their heads have a width of 1.12 - 1.30mm (10 Workers) with their sides (as seen from the photo provided) slightly and evenly convex. Their eyes are levelled with their antennae. Their mandibles are long with 10 teeth.

Pawpawsaurus, meaning "Pawpaw Lizard", is a nodosaurid ankylosaur from the Cretaceous (late Albian) of Tarrant County, Texas, discovered in May 1992. The only species yet assigned to this taxon, Pawpawsaurus campbelli, is based on a complete skull (lacking mandibles) from the marine Paw Paw Formation (Wachita Group).

Their antennae are slender and mobile. The compound eyes tend to be small and some troglobitic species, such as many Nicoletiidae, lack eyes entirely. Ocelli are absent in all species except for Tricholepidion gertschi in the family Lepidotrichidae.Entomology The mandibles are short, and the mouthparts unspecialised.

Callipogon barbatus reaches a length of about in females, about in males. Head and pronotum are black, covered with white-yellowish hairs. Elytra are reddish- brown or light brown with a reddish tinge. The males have well developed mandibles, with long light brown and red hairs.

The palp formula is 2,2 and each segment is rather short. The setae on the ventral margin of the mandibles are normal. There is no median seta on the anterior margin of the clypeus, but rather a series of evenly spaced setae along the entire margin.

The smooth mandibles, slightly shorter second funicular segment, and three setae on the basitarsomere distinguish G. occidentalis from other Gerontofromica. In the type description Perrichot and team noted that the name "occidentalis", meaning western, was chosen as a contrast to the first species of "Sphecomyrmodes", S. orientalis.

Chiasognathus grantii from Chile. Males and female. Mounted specimenChiasognathus grantii is very variable in size and in the development of the jaws and exhibits a strong sexual dimorphism. Males can reach a length of including the mandibles, while females are much smaller, having a body length of .

G. auriculatus observed on Mt. Te Aroha Geodorcus auriculatus are large dull to glossy black or brownish black beetles. Their exoskeleton is covered in dots and minute hairs with four inconspicuous ribs. The length for male specimens ranges from 21 to 29 mm. This length includes their impressive mandibles.

A diagram showing the typical anatomical features of an amphipod D. villosus can grow up to in length, relatively large for a freshwater amphipod. It varies in appearance, with some specimens being striped, and some not. It has relatively large mandibles which allow it to be an effective predator.

Chimaeridris is a small genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus contains two species known from tropical Asia. Their unique hook-shaped mandibles and similar appearance to Pheidole minor workers raises the possibility that the genus is a slave-maker of Pheidole ants or a specialized predator.

The fact that Lenomyrmex possesses both primitive (e.g., promesonotal suture well developed) and derived (e.g., specialized morphology of the mandibles) characters makes ascertaining its correct phylogenetic position challenging. The genus was tentatively placed in its own tribe, Lenomyrmecini, but its position within the Myrmicinae remained to be determined.

M. pergandei has a head of equal length and width, with very large mandibles. It has short white or yellow hair and a large thorax. Males typically measure about and females about . However, individual size can vary based on factors such as availability of food and interspecific competition.

The wasp clips the antenna with its mandibles and drinks some of the haemolymph before walking backwards and dragging the roach by its clipped antenna to steer it to a burrow, where an egg will be laid on it. The wasp larva feeds on the subdued, living cockroach.

Here will be found the familiar > quote, (e.g. on the strength of Shrike-tit mandibles), the elusive > reference, (e.g. an early note on the possible breaking of Emu’s eggs by the > Buzzard), and many an easily over-looked observation (e.g. the remarks on > the flight of the Owlet-nightjar).

In the genus Campylaspis and a few related genera, the mandibles are transformed into piercing organs, which can be used for predation on foraminiferans and small crustaceans. Many shallow-water species show a diurnal cycle, with males emerging from the sediment at night and swarming to the surface.

Mandibles, neck vertebrae, and scapulae were also found during the dig. The skull and vertebrae are on display at the Calvert Marine Museum. Other items found in the field jackets of the whale were fish bones, hundreds of mollusks, a Hexanchus gigas tooth, and two Carcharodon hastalis teeth.

The species is in length, is black coloured and shiny. Its head and prothorax is kindoff metallic and greenish in colour. Its pronotum and posterior is reddish in colour. The species femora, labrum, mandibles, tibiae and ventral side is black, while pedipalp, antennae and tarsus is brownish-red.

Body hair is significant but few hairs are found on the head. Mandibles contain a large apical tooth. The maxillary and labial palps (organs which aid sensory function in eating) have three sensilla (a sensory organ protruding from the cuticle). Unlike other Dolichoderines, the larvae are yellow, not white.

Motuweta isolata, Mercury Islands tusked wētā Tusked wētā are characterised by long, curved tusks projecting forward from the male's mandibles. The tusks are used in male-to- male combat, not for biting. Female tusked wētā look similar to ground wētā. Tusked wētā are mainly carnivorous, eating worms and insects.

Oxyporus rufus is about long. The body is massive and wide, colored with black and orange. The imposing scimitar-like mandibles do not fall back close to the rest of the head. The head, the hind margin of the elytra, and the apex of the abdomen are black.

The first antennae (antennules) are small, slender filaments on the ventral surface of the head, at about the same level as the eyes. The second antennae are similar and lie laterally to the first. They are nonfunctioning. The large, well-developed mandibles oppose each other across the ventral midline.

The petiole is similar in appearance to Prionomyrmex janzeni, and the propodeum is round. The queen is estimated to have been approximately . The compound eyes are large and oval shape, but the antennae cannot be described due to poor preservation. The mandibles are large, containing seven to eight teeth.

The average length of a queen is around , with a robust body. The head is round, and the width and length are the same, measuring . The eyes are oval shaped and developed, located near the middle of the head. The mandibles are triangular and long, with ten teeth present.

Usually the antennae of suborder Amblycera composes 4-5 segments. The maxillary palps may, however, be present and these may be visible in mounted specimens but may be confused with the antennae. Palps of amblycerans ranges in segments from two to five. The mandibles of this suborder bite horizontally.

Skulls were placed in a special stone constructions. A skull would be placed on a larger stone slab and then it would be protected by the crushed stones. All separately buried skulls are male while all the mandibles are female. They were built into the base of the houses.

The mandibles can be retracted inside of its body and are responsible for striking and stunning its prey and are capable of snapping some in half. Typically, E. aphroditois color ranges from deep purple to black along with metallic color as well. The fourth antenna is always white.

Prior to this, John S. Clark, the original author who described Nothomyrmecia, noted that the genus was similar in appearance to Prionomyrmex; both the heads and mandibles were identical, but the nodes were different. As the mandibles of Prionomyrmex are similar to that of Nothomyrmecia, this suggests that they are intermediate to each other. This classification was short-lived, as Nothomyrmecia was separated and treated as a valid genus from Prionomyrmex by Dlussky & Perfilieva in 2003, on the base of the fusion of an abdominal segment. Other studies published in the same year came to the same conclusions of Dlussky & Perfilieva, and the subfamily Prionomyrmecinae would later be treated as a tribe in Myrmeciinae.

The beetles are nocturnal and are attracted by the lights of dwellings as noted by Hudson in 1892 "it is greatly attracted to light, and this propensity frequently leads it on summer evenings to invade ladies' drawing-rooms, when its sudden and noisy arrival is apt to cause much needless consternation amongst the inmates". They have powerful mandibles, which can produce a painful bite. Adult females of P. reticularis produce an olfactory cue which attract adult males to the female. Adult individuals of both sexes will show a display behaviour if disturbed with the head jutting forward, mandibles opening to their full extent, antennae flailing and the head being raised and lowered.

In general the two Eulithomyrmex are considered very similar to Agroecomyrmex duisburgi and the two genera can be separated based on the features of the head, with Agroecomyrmex displaying larger mandibles and a smaller antennal club. Overall Eulithomyrmex species have a nearly square head sporting small mandibles and short antennae composed of twelve total segments in the females and thirteen segments in the males. From the head across the thorax and down to the pedicel, the exoskeleton has coarse sculpturing, and the fore wings have two cubital cells. E. rugosus was described from four alate females and one male with Carpenter noting at least forty specimens of the species were known to him.

The Anochetus dubius type specimen is well preserved, though it is missing some body structures such as both hind tarsi and tibiae, and the entire specimen is surrounded by a brownish bacterial growth. The specimen has an estimated body length of , with a head and mandibles. The overall coloration of the body is a brown darkening on the head ad gaster, with the coxae and portions of the trochanters and femora being a reddish tone. The mandibles are just under the width of the head and about one-quarter the length, flare in width from the base to tips, and have between them ten teeth which decrease in size from the tips to the bases.

As such, the body of the Titan beetle is considerably larger than that of the Hercules beetles. The short, curved and sharp mandibles are known to snap pencils in half and cut into human flesh.Zahl, P. A. (1959): Giant insects of the Amazon. Natl. Geogr. Mag. 115 (5): 632-669.

Small bodies up to about 41mm (Average 35mm) length. Very long hind legs (leg: body ratio = 3.17:1), antennae (4.5-5 x body length), and ovipositor (7-8 x body length). Head is vertical and mandibles are small. Sexual dimorphic antennae where males possess longer and stouter antennae than females.

Habronyx minutus has a total length of with a –long fore wing. Male antennae contain 30 to 31 flagellomeres; female antennae have between 26 and 30 flagellomeres. The flagellomeres and scape are brown. A tooth is positioned at the apex of the clypeus, and the species has tooth–like mandibles.

The dogbane beetle (Chrysochus auratus), for instance, is very attractive—iridescent blue-green with a coppery tinge, it measures 8–10 mm, and is found on dogbane and milkweed. Some, such as members of the genus Macrocoma, are unusually setaceous and with unusually prominent mandibles for members of the family Chrysomelidae.

Strumigenys formosensis is a species of ant endemic to Taiwan. It is widely distributed within the island at low and middle elevations. It can be distinguished from other Strumigenys ants found on Taiwan by the sickle-shaped mandibles, clypeus with concave anterior margin and numerous short, broad hairs on the head.

The mandibles of P. carnifex are short. Yet, they are markedly wide at their base, with a length to basal width ratio of approximately 2:1. An external basal area stretches "from the basal margin ... to a point situated about half-way the mandible's length." P. carnifex also have teeth.

In particular, the upper molars are broader and the mandible (lower jaw) is more robust. In bats, robust mandibles are often associated with a diet that includes hard objects.Samonds, 2007, p. 53 H. besaoka was the largest insectivorous bat of Madagascar, a position now filled by the smaller H. commersoni.

The well-preserved fossil remains, specimen NMV P216929, include a nearly complete skull, mandibles, vertebrae, ribs, scapulae and a radius, and are held in the Museums Victoria Palaeontology Collection in Melbourne. It was formally described by Erich Fitzgerald in 2006, and it represents the most complete Paleogene cetacean fossil from Australia.

The lobster's head bears antennae, antennules, mandibles, the first and second maxillae. The head also bears the (usually stalked) compound eyes. Because lobsters live in murky environments at the bottom of the ocean, they mostly use their antennae as sensors. The lobster eye has a reflective structure above a convex retina.

No characteristic preserved. The specific name, longirostris, was just affixed to the specimen. Since the features were so unclear, scientists at that time were not able to name this specimen. The first skull of Eurhinosaurus longirostris was found by Owen and Jaeger in Switzerland in 1856, which showed clearly shortened mandibles.

The euthycarcinoid body was divided into a cephalon (head), preabdomen, and postabdomen. The cephalon consisted of two segments and included mandibles, antennae and presumed eyes. The preabdomen consisted of five to fourteen tergites, each having up to three somites. Each somite had in turn a pair of uniramous, segmented legs.

The body is brown in colour, but the back of the body is brownish-black, and the mandibles, legs and antennae are yellow. The head and thorax are noticeably wrinkled. O. glaber queens are larger than the males and workers, measuring . Side view of a male A young larva is .

Leuconidae retain the original number of free thoracic somites, but do not possess a free telson. Their mandibles are truncated dorsally to the molar. In males, the flagellum of the second antenna reaches beyond the hindmost edge of the carapace. Their gills do not have gill plates or other supports.

The larva is blue green, turning bright green as it approaches pupation age. It has a large head capsule, yellow mandibles, and yellow longitudinal stripes down its body. It feeds on the leaves of oaks and other deciduous trees (see list below). The larva is sometimes called the green oak caterpillar.

Neolepidoptera is a clade within Myoglossata in suborder Glossata of order Lepidoptera, the butterflies and moths. They differ from other Myoglossata in the larval stage abdominal prolegs, pupal morphology, and the mandibles are reduced in area. They also differ in their reproductive systems. The prolegs have muscles and apical hooklets.

Other bone or antler material probably served a decorative (jewellery) or totemic purpose. Among these are an antler bead and 119 pierced animal teeth, one from a calf, all the others of dog. These were often found together in groups, suggesting necklaces. Mammal mandibles (jawbones) were remarkably common, numbering 66.

In "Day Four", parts of the 456 were briefly seen when a government operative entered its chamber with a portable video camera. It had three heads, which possessed mandibles. The rest of the body is trunklike, like a giant caterpillar. A swelling is briefly shown at the end of the creature.

Wurm et al. 1963, 67 Ten dog canines, two dog mandibles and two animal bones carved to look like dog (or wolf) teeth are comparable to finds from other Wartberg tombs and might have a totemic or talismanic significance.Wurm et al. 1963, 66 A pierced fossilised seashell was also found.

Prey are swallowed from one end using rotational movements of the braincase and mandibles, a process that takes up to 30 minutes for larger prey. This is distinct from the 'pterygoid walk' used by most other species of alethinophidian snakes, which have greater mobility of most skull bones than Cylindrophis.

Flamingos filter-feed on brine shrimp. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they eat, and are uniquely used upside-down. The filtering of food items is assisted by hairy structures called lamellae which line the mandibles, and the large rough-surfaced tongue.

Males grow to and females to in snout–vent length. They have serrated teeth and sharp "fangs", larger in males than in females, on their mandibles. The dorsum is chocolate brown in colour and has two iridescent, golden yellow stripes. Males are territorial and can use their fangs in combat.

In males clypeus is long, with smooth and bright yellow free margin. Mandibles are orange yellow, basally spotted. In the females scape is ventrally yellow, while dorsally it is orange-yellow, with a thin black line on flagellomeres 3-9. These flagellomeres are black dorsally, while the others are orange- yellow.

The final two instars have thicker mandibles with a long, blunt upper tooth and a narrow, curving lower tooth. When the larva reaches about 8 millimeters in length it pupates. Upon maturity it cuts a hole in the egg capsule and exits. The adult wasp lives for two or three weeks.

Its body shape is elongated, with a uniform width for the majority of its length. It is transparent in colour, white eggs being visible in females. It lacks eyes; it possesses long, cirriform paired antennae, with palps being inserted lateroventrally on the prostomium. Its mandibles are rod-like, and lack serration.

Passalus interruptus can reach a length of about . The females are smaller than the males. Body is elongated, almost cylindrically shaped and completely black, head has a crooked horn between the eyes and mandibles show three teeth at the extremity and one in the middle. The lower jaw is very strong.

The Prioninae are a subfamily of Cerambycidae (long-horned beetles). They are typically large (25–70 mm) and usually brown or black. The males of a few genera sport large mandibles that are used in fights with other males, similar to stag beetles. These beetles are commonly nocturnal and are attracted to light.

The genus is characterised by large, slender workers with elongated mandibles, which are narrow and triangular in shape. The mesosoma and appendages are also long. These ants are similar in appearance to Nothomyrmecia, but can be distinguished from the shape of their node. They also had a powerful sting located in the abdomen.

In some species each colony has a single dealate queen with a larger thorax than workers but with mandibles similar to those of the workers. In colonies of other species winged queens are missing and half of the female adults belong to wingless reproductives which are smaller and allometrically distinct from workers.

Anochetus daedalus is a species of trap-jaw ant in the subfamily Ponerinae. It can be found from Western Ghats in India. A. daedalus constructs nests in the form of an elaborate maze with horizontal galleries. They have long pincer like mandibles that snap shut on the prey like a bare trap.

Northern populations of A. scotica tend to be more extensively dark-haired than the southern populations. The smaller males have a wholly black abdomen too. There is an apical tooth on the mandibles but the cheeks normally lack a spine. As well as being smaller than the females they are also comparatively slender.

A. dementor is colored in red and black. Its mandibles and most of its clypeus, prothorax, mesothorax, and posterolateral areas are all light red, while its abdomen and much of its head is black. Its wings are slightly yellow. It has long, slender legs, and a tubular petiole, as long as the tergum.

Cratostenophlebia schwickert, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil, head of male holotype The head is similar to that of Recent Gomphidae with two large and globular compound eyes that are distinctly separated. The three ocelli are arranged in a triangle on the globular vertex. The mandibles are strong. The legs have short and strong spines.

Sizes range from 1 to 22 mm for some tropical species. Colors are usually black or brown, often with mottled patterns. Although their mandibles may be elongated, they do not have the long snouts characteristic of true weevils. Adults deposit eggs on seeds, then the larvae chew their way into the seed.

They use both their mandibles and their legs for holding prey. This way they can deal with several small insects at the same time. To capture prey they either jump onto it or use their legs in a technique described as "lassoing". Using their legs to beat prey has also been described.

Both mandibles are yellowish and there is no red shoulder patch. Near Inthanon Highland Resort - Thailand The different head colour and the yellow tip to the tail distinguish this species from the similar plum-headed parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala). Blossom-headed parakeet is a gregarious and noisy species with range of raucous calls.

Ichthyophis moustakius, the Manipur moustached caecilian, is a species of caecilian in the family Ichthyophiidae. It is endemic to Northeast India. This species exhibits broad lateral yellow stripes from the anterior part of its tail, along its mandibles, between its nares, as well as elsewhere. The animal can reach a length of .

They move, as is common for the bugs of the subfamily Emesinae, with their back and middle legs. The raptorial front legs serve to capture prey. With them, the prey is captured, then bitten through with the mandibles and carried away. Then it is drained, which can sometimes take half an hour.

William Morton Wheeler assumed this due to its long legs, sharp claws and elongated mandibles. Prionomyrmex may have preferred a jungle habitat at low elevations. Nothomyrmecia is only found in Australia. Until its rediscovery, the genus was only known from the original specimens collected in Western Australia by Amy Crocker in December 1931.

The association of A. glaesaria and the Electromyrmococcus species is one of the oldest examples of trophobiosis. Modern Acropyga are thought to be fully reliant on mealy bug species as their source of food and reproductive only emerge from the nest during the mating flight, each carrying a seed bug in their mandibles.

The creosote bush walkingstick only moves and feeds at night. It has four mandibles in front of its compound eyes that can grab and chew leaves while still giving the insect perfect vision of its surroundings. The antennae can reach up to long and are used to sense prey, food, and nearby mates.

The larva is segmented into 12 sections, with backwards facing conical spines on almost every segment. The head segment is shield shaped, colored white or tan, contains antennal pits and retractable mandibles. The 12th segment bears two spiracles and is also lightly colored. However, the spines on this segment are outward facing.

153-292 The mesothorax in males has two longitudinal lines on the side. Both sexes have yellow mandibles and narrow posterior orbits that are broader toward the bottom. Although caste separations are present in P. bellicosus, females in the colony are not morphologically different.Relatedness and altruism in Polistes wasps Hughes et al.

Trigona spinipes is locally known for its aggressiveness. Despite lacking the ability to sting, workers will pursue intruders and bite them. Each of their two mandibles have 5 sharp teeth. A study found that among 12 stingless bees investigated, Trigona spinipes was one of the 6 species that engaged in suicidal biting.

Workers of T. corvina are primarily black with smokey wings; they have a thorax width of 2.34 mm. The typical body length for a T. corvina is 6mm. They have a wide facial quadrangle and five-toothed mandibles covered in reddish brown hairs. They also have black, erect hairs on their clypeus.

Adult beetles and their larvae are aquatic but the pupae spend their life in the ground. Females lay eggs inside the tissue of aquatic plants such as reeds. The eggs hatch in about three weeks. The larvae (known as "water tigers") are elongate with a round and flat head and strong mandibles.

Nomada bees are holometabolous and they follow the general process of: (1) egg (2) larvae (3) pupa (4) adult. In one egg cell, the female Nomada will deposit 1-2 eggs. These eggs hatch and the larvae use their mandibles to kill other eggs and larvae. These larvae feed on the pollen ball.

Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Plecoptera Plecoptera is an insect order with about 3,500 described species with worldwide distribution. They are one of most primitive winged insects. The body is very simple, chewing mandibles, large compound eyes with two or three ocelli. Detailed work on plecopterans in Sri Lanka not yet carried out.

The mandibles are long and slender (measuring ), and concave around the outer border. The queen has a similar appearance to the workers, but her middle body is more irregular and coarser. The queen is also the largest, measuring in length. Males are either smaller or around the same size as workers, measuring .

Closely resembling the worker in the structure of mandibles, clypeus, petiole, postpetiole and gaster in addition to sculpture, color and pilosity. Head with a single well-defined depression in place of the median ocellus. Mesosoma in dorsal view with a promesonotal suture but lacking sclerites associated with alate queen. Mesonotum is more convex.

Its body is a dark red/brown colour. The mandibles, antennae and legs are light brown, with long furrows which are brownish yellow with erect hairs all over it. The head is dark-reddish/brown and the same length as width. They have six black teeth, which get larger towards the end.

The condyloid process or condylar process is the process on the human mandible and some other species' mandibles that ends in a condyle, the mandibular condyle. It is thicker than the coronoid process of the mandible and consists of two portions: the condyle and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck.

A mosquito biting a human finger In female mosquitoes, all mouthparts are elongated. The labium encloses all other mouthparts like a sheath. The labrum forms the main feeding tube, through which blood is sucked. Paired mandibles and maxillae are present, together forming the stylet, which is used to pierce an animal's skin.

There are many bees in this group, native to all continents except for Europe and Antarctica, that have workers which do not have stingers. These bees are not defenseless, however, as they can bite with their mandibles, occasionally releasing caustic secretions at the same time, similar to the defenses of some ants.

The mandibles are well developed and strongly sclerotized. Palps of maxilla and labium lack. The surface of the body is subdivided into distinct segments, each bearing a transverse row of 8−10 backward pointing spines.Rohwer, S.A. & Cushman, R.A. 1917: Idiogastra, a new suborder of Hymenoptera with notes on the immature stages of Oryssus.

Like other insects of its time, Rhyniognatha presumably fed on plant sporophylls—which occur at the tips of branches and bear sporangia, the spore-producing organs. The insect’s anatomy might also give clues as to what it ate. The creature had large mandibles which may or may not have been used for hunting.

Its head is oval, being 1.9 times wider than long. Its gena is expanded behind a compound eye. The face possesses white setae, which are much denser in the lower face; vertical median carina is absent. The clypeus is indistinct and rectangular, the ventral margin of which slightly projects over its mandibles.

The Mandibles: A Family, 2029-2047 is a 2016 novel, the thirteenth by American author Lionel Shriver. It was first published by HarperCollins in the United Kingdom in May 2016 through the company's Borough Press imprint and was published in the United States in June of the same year under their Harper imprint.

The worker caste of D. boltoni shares many important character states with that of its sister species D. armigerum, including the heart-shaped head, the large eyes located on a low cuticular prominence, the number of apical mandibular teeth, and general habitus. Daceton boltoni differs from D. armigerum by the absence of a specialized row of thick setae on the inner (masticatory) margin of the mandibles; by mandibles that are slightly shorter and more stout, which could indicate differences in prey preferences between the two species; by a broad gap, when seen in profile, between the bases of the fully closed mandibles and the margins of the head capsule; by shallow depressions adjacent to and ventral to the mandibular insertions; by long and simple lateral pronotal spines; by a weakly impressed metanotal groove; and by subdecumbent to decumbent hairs on the tergite of abdominal segment IV. Behaviorally, D. boltoni appears to be very similar to D. armigerum. However, drop tests conducted at the type locality indicate that D. boltoni individuals exhibit weak and inconsistent aerial gliding behavior relative to those of D. armigerum. Gynes and males are unknown.

The labrum is a broad lobe forming the roof of the preoral cavity, suspended from the clypeus in front of the mouth and forming the upper lip. On its inner side, it is membranous and may be produced into a median lobe, the epipharynx, bearing some sensilla. The labrum is raised away from the mandibles by two muscles arising in the head and inserted medially into the anterior margin of the labrum. It is closed against the mandibles in part by two muscles arising in the head and inserted on the posterior lateral margins on two small sclerites, the tormae, and, at least in some insects, by a resilin spring in the cuticle at the junction of the labrum with the clypeus.

Despite the authors' notes, they did not cite any study as to how ants manipulate items and such with their antennae, but he may have implied that the apices, a feature found on the antenna, may have been too far away from the mandibles. The close distance of the apices from the mandibles would allow manipulation of food or antennation with other nestmates. Another issue was whether or not a metapleural gland was present, a unique feature only found in ants. Despite this and previous claims made by Dlussky saying that sphecomyrmines including Sphecomyrma were most likely solitary or semi-communal, the confirmed existence of the metapleural gland through newly collected fossils confirms that Sphecomyrma and relatives were definitely social.

The larvae then use their mandibles to penetrate the dorsal side of a worm. It is important that they find their host quickly, because larvae must penetrate a worm within three days in order to survive. More than one larva can penetrate a single earthworm, and two or more larvae can share a penetration site.

The antennae of D. rasnitsyni are notably long, being approximately five times the length of the head, with a slight thickening towards the tip end. The ten antennomere segments have a coating of dense short hairs. The head of the type specimen is slightly crushed, limiting the amount of detail for the mandibles and clypus.

These lice chew on their hosts, which means that they have mandibles for feeding. They do, however, lack the maxillae that are common to most insects that chew their food. These lice have spiracles located on the edges of each segment of the abdomen to allow the lice to breathe.Wikivet. Bovicola bovis – WikiVet en.Wikivet.

Carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) are large () ants indigenous to many forested parts of the world. They build nests inside wood consisting of galleries chewed out with their mandibles, preferably in dead, damp wood. However, unlike termites, they do not consume wood, discarding a material that resembles sawdust. Sometimes, carpenter ants hollow out sections of trees.

The tips of the hairs on the head are simple or frayed, and overall the hairs measure . Both antennae have a subcone and three apical sensilla that resemble a spinule. The mandibles are sub-triangular with a curved apex. The apical and subapical teeth are sharp and short, but the proximal tooth is blunt.

The Pylojacquesidae are a small family of hermit crabs, comprising only two species in two genera. The family was erected in 2001, after two specimens at ' at the were recognised as being quite distinct from other described hermit crabs. The family members differ from other hermit crabs in that their mandibles are chitinous and toothed.

Head short and black. Mandibles short. Antennae dark brown, almost black; shorter than the insect. The thorax broad, rough and black, margined on the posterior and anterior edges; having many small sharp spines on its sides, the two last of which are larger than the rest, and having two tubercles on the upper side.

The most notable characteristic are the large, antler-like mandibles. These have small teeth running down the inside edge, with one large, forward-pointing pair located approximately a third of the way down from the tips. The tips are forked inward somewhat. During the larval stage, Hexarthrius mandibularis lives in rotten hardwood, feeding on it.

Mouthparts not forming a piercing or sucking tube. The mandibles are present and are moderately elongated, or very narrow and elongated at the same time. They also are without mola, that have reduced prostheca or doesn't have it at all. Mandibular apex is strongly and abruptly curved mesally and is unidentate, truncate or rounded.

Leptogenys is a genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. Leptogenys is the most diverse ponerine ant genus in the world; it is widespread throughout tropical and subtropical regions and there are over 260 extant species described. Most species have ergatoid queens, and many have falcate, bowed mandibles and are specialists on isopod prey.

Nothing is known about its biology. This species can hardly be confounded with other congeners given the combination of subquadrate head, anterior margin of clypeus with two lateral lobes projecting over the mandibles, abdominal segments IV to VII with strongly developed pretergites, and the presence of short appressed hairs on the dorsal surface of gaster.

The size difference between the apical and subapical tooth is much greater than in other species. Many socially parasitic ant species have falcate mandibles associated with their ability to attack and subdue hosts. Perhaps the long apical tooth of M. reina is such an adaptation, strengthening the conjecture that it may be a social parasite.

On Sardinia and Corsica, also on Elba. — Egg almost globular, ivory-white, minutely ribbed, the larva appearing in 14 days. The larva is ivory-yellow, with a thin, black, dorsal double line; above the spirales a black side-line, which is interrupted on each segment. Head pale brown, with black mandibles; on grass (Kollmorgen).

Smaller prey is swallowed with the bill still probed, as the mandibles are flexible and the prey can be manipulated in the soil. Larger prey items are removed from the soil for easier manipulating and swallowing. The most common prey items taken include earthworms, amphipods, beetle adults and larvae and the pupae of other insects.

They are dark grey to black in colour, with tellingly, copious stiff, almost snow-white hairs on the thorax and gaster. The antennae and tarsi are ferruginous, and the mandibles dark castaneous red. In addition to the thick and blunt white pilosity it is covered with a more yellowish, short and fine, decumbent pubescence.

Despite the large wings, adults are weak, fluttery fliers. The body is soft and coloration varies from yellow to dark shades of brown. The body typically does not surpass in length, although the largest Asian Acanthacorydalis may reach . Adult males of many—but not all—species are easily recognized by their long, curving mandibles.

The rock horned lizard has its occipital and temporal horns reduced to flaring expansions. It has a deep and narrow occipital notch and a high postorbital ridge. The mandibles of Phrynosoma ditmarsi feature a large vertical expansion. It has a bare tympanum in the anterior neck fold posterior to a vertical row of four spines.

Larvae are white, with black mandibles; the front half of pronotum has a transverse red stripe, which can have four narrow grooves. Larval body is massive, yellowish-white and covered with sparse, fine yellowish hairs. The head is strongly retracted into prothorax, epistoma is well delimited. Frontal sutures are distinct, longitudinal edges are sharply defined.

Like many insect body parts, including mandibles, antennae and stylets, cerci are thought to have evolved from what were legs on the primal insect form, a creature that may have resembled a velvet worm, Symphylan or a centipede, worm-like with one pair of limbs for each segment behind the head or anterior tagma.

The color is white, with light-brown mandibles and two small black lateral spots on the first thoracic segment. Pupation takes place in a hammock outside of the mine on the leaf in a glistening white oblong cocoon spun under an equally showy white bridgework of longitudinal silken bands. One leaf often contains several mines.

Techniques in the immobilisation and handling of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus. National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia. The largest skull of a saltwater crocodile that could be scientifically verified was of a specimen in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle collected in Cambodia. Its skull was long and wide near its base, with long mandibles.

Female The adults of Tenthredo temula are up to long.J.K. Lindsey - Commanster.eu The thorax and head are brilliant black, clypeus, labrum and the base of mandibles are yellow, the abdomen is black with a transversal yellow band and a yellow tip. Femora and tibia are black in males, respectively black and yellow in females.

Sarcophagidae larvae are white or pale yellow, cylindrical, and tapered anteriorly. All segments beyond the first have anterior and posterior bands of hairs. The mandibles are usually strong and curved, resembling a hook. Posterior spiracles are sunken in, which is a characteristic that can be used to distinguish between flesh fly and blow fly larvae.

The mandibles are by now large and strongly curved. The dorsal cornu of the tentorpharyngeal sclerite appears incised due to a narrow apical window. The anterior spiracle is present with a short stalk that branches into several nodes, resembling a fan. The posterior spiracles now consist of three vertical slits within a sunken oval cavity.

This particular species is predacious in both the larvae and adult stages of life. The larvae and adults have long, curved mandibles which are used for chewing. They feed on carcasses (from the hours after death to the advanced stages of decomposition), as well as on maggots that tend to be on dead animals.

Thaumatomyrmex is a Neotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae, found from Mexico to Brazil. They are notable for their pitchfork-shaped mandibles, which they use to capture millipedes of the order Polyxenida. The genus is a specialist predator of polyxenids, and one of only two ant genera known to prey upon polyxenids.

Males can show extreme dimorphism in weaponry that appears to be a result of sexual selection of male-male combat for access to females. These males have mandibles that tend to be two times longer and their head can be up to 1.5 times wider than those of females with a similar tibia length.

The species head is broad at the ocelli unlike the other species of the genus that have it far back. It mandibles are more pointed, with a tiny basal swelling. It is similar to Harpalus affinis the only difference of which is gradually rounded nasale between teeth, but its smaller than in Harpalus serripes.

Adult moths feed with mandibles on spores and pollen (Micropterigidae) on dew (e.g. Eriocraniidae), with their proboscises on nectar (many groups e.g. Choreutidae) or are simply nonfeeding with mouthparts reduced or absent. The larvae of many smaller moths are considered economic pests, causing damage to plants, as well as fabrics and other man-made goods.

A well-developed stinger is present in the fossilized specimens. Only a single complete male is known from all the collected specimens. The body length is shorter in comparison to the queen caste, measuring and it is also more slender. The head and mandibles are small, but the eyes are fully developed and large.

A diagram shows the Wasp's morphology. Polistes sulcifer, like most other paper wasps, are typically 0.7-1.0 inches long. Because it is a social parasite, it is adapted for fighting off the host species, and has some morphological distinctions. P. sulcifer is known to have larger mandibles and anterior legs than those of related species.

The eyes are well developed and located above the bottom of the antennae. The clypeus is setose, meaning that it bears bristles or setae, except on the middle part. The mandibles are small and only contain two teeth. The antennae are moderately long, the scapes are very short but the pedicel is even shorter.

As this behavior is similar to that of cuckoos, such bees are sometimes referred to as "cuckoo bees". These host-parasite relationships are quite complex. The larvae of Coelioxys species kill the host larvae with their strongly developed mandibles and feed on the host’s pollen provisions. They spin a cocoon at 11–16 days.

The breast, flanks and abdomen are more olive-yellow, becoming more yellow towards the vent. The bases of the feathers on the head and body are grey, apart from those on the nape, which are white. These are not normally visible. The bill is black with pale highlights on both mandibles, the cere is black.

The eyes are large and well developed, the mandibles are subtriangular but poorly preserved, and a sting is present on examined A. systenus fossils. As for A. elongatus and A. mastax, it is unknown if the two ants have a sting, due to either poor preservation or the sting has not been preserved at all.

They feed and incubate the brood. In select nests, other B. atratus workers have been observed moving litter on and around the nest. These litter workers break and scrape up litter with their mandibles and handle them with their forelegs. They do not seem to move this litter into or out of the nest.

Their faces and abdomen are covered in yellow spots. Male A. manicatum have a black head and thorax, coated with short yellowish brown hairs. The cheeks below the antennae, a small spot behind each eye, a bilobate spot on the clypeus, and the mandibles (except the apex) are yellow. The wings are dusky in color.

Larval stages are poorly known, but those described are slender, narrowed anteriorly, with groups of ventral spicules on creeping welts. The larva is amphipneustic (having only the anterior and posterior pairs of spiracles). The mandibles are simple, hooked, and without additional teeth. The parastomal bars are long, thin structures, fused to the tentoropharyngeal sclerite.

Once the eggs are mature they turn a dark brown/black colour. On hatching larvae have a whitish/grey C-shaped segmented body, with a darker coloured head and dark brown jaws (mandibles). The larvae have three pairs of legs (true legs) attached to the underside of the segment behind the head, called the thorax.

New York: CABI Publishing. It is a sexually dimorphic species, with the females being much larger than the males. These large wētā have a broad body and a round head, along with short mandibles. Compared to other cricket species wētā have relatively short antennae, but can deliver a strong kick with their hind legs.

This life stage last for about month, unless they are in diapause. The pupae are exarate and decticous, this means that the pupa are capable of using their mandibles. Chewing the silk holding the case to the rock, the pupa will then float to the surface. Inside is a pharate (young, unsclerotized) adult that will emerge and undergo sclerotization.

Males measure including mandibles; females . It has an elongated, somewhat flat body dull black with blackish antennae and legs. Male's antler-like jaws have small teeth along inner edge and a pair of big teeth toward the bottom, and are forked at end. The head of a large male reaches nearly the length of its prothorax and abdomen combined.

Some diplurans have the ability to shed their cerci if necessary (autotomy). Moulting occurs up to 30 times throughout the life of a dipluran, which is estimated to last up to one year. As entognaths, the mouthparts are concealed within a small pouch by the lateral margins of the head capsule. The mandibles usually have several apical teeth.

Roberts, John & Umina, Paul. Lucerne Flea. AG0415. June, 2008 Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research (CESAR), University of Melbourne. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP), Victoria, Australia The insect mouthparts of S. viridis are mandibulate, meaning that they have biting mouthparts, though only the tips of the mandibles project out of the mouth folds.

Capulomala is an extinct genus of stereospondyl temnospondyl known from the Early Triassic. Separate species are recognised, C. panchetensis found in the Panchet Formation of India and C. arcadiaensis from the Arcadia Formation of Australia.Warren, Anne & Damiani, R. & Sengupta, Dhurjati. (2009). Unique stereospondyl mandibles from the early triassic panchet formation of India and the Arcadia Formation of Australia.

The ant was named after Janzen by Baroni Urbani. The estimated body length is long with an elongated head, and large oval-shaped eyes are present. The antennae are long and consist of 12 segments with a bent scape. The mandibles are very long and curved, being three-quarters the length of the total size of the head.

Tachytes etruscus can reach a length of in the female, and of in males. Its body is largely black, with silver stripes on the abdomen and brown to ferruginous wings, legs, mandibles and palpi.Back, Yeong- Bin & Kim, Jeong-Kyu, 2014 "Review of the genus Tachytes Panzer (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Crabroninae) of South Korea, with description of one new species".

Protanilla is a genus of subterranean ants in the subfamily Leptanillinae. Known from the Indomalayan realm, the genus contains about twelve species. The genus was erected by Taylor (1990) for the type species P. rafflesi, described from workers from Peninsular Malaysia. Species in this genus have long and downcurved mandibles with peg-like tooth on the inner margins.

C. schmitzi closely resemble Colobopsis ceylonicus but are slightly larger. They have rectangular heads about one and a half times as long as they are wide. The mandibles have five teeth each (except for the minor workers which have four). The eyes are widely separated and located laterally, slightly behind the anterior bulge of the head.

Millipedes in the order Siphonophorida are long and worm-like, reaching up to in length and up to 190 body segments. Eyes are absent, and in many species the head is elongated into a long beak, with mandibles highly reduced. The beak may serve in a suctorial function. The body has a dense covering of fine setae.

The Meckelian Cartilage, also known as "Meckel's Cartilage", is a piece of cartilage from which the mandibles (lower jaws) of vertebrates evolved. Originally it was the lower of two cartilages which supported the first branchial arch in early fish. Then it grew longer and stronger, and acquired muscles capable of closing the developing jaw.The Gill Arches: Meckel's Cartilage, palaeos.

In the presence of prey, I. diabolica, impersonating a flower, remains motionless. Its objective is to seduce the insect into its striking zone. In this zone, Idolomantis diabolica uses the tibiae of its legs to grasp and maintain a strong grip on the prey. The mandibles are then "wielded as formidable weapons" to decapitate and devour the prey.

London: Chapman and Hall Ltd, 1984. 475-519. In nasute species of termites (contained within the subfamily Nasutitermitinae), the mandibles have receded. This makes way for an elongated, syringic nasus capable of squirting liquid glue. When this substance is released from the frontal gland reservoir and dries, it becomes sticky and is capable of immobilizing attackers.

Siksika ottae is an extinct prehistoric cartilaginous fish, lived during the Upper Mississippian. It has been discovered at the well known, Carboniferous- aged Bear Gulch Formation (Montana, United States). It is known primarily from fossil teeth, but also from partial neurocranium and mandibles which hint a close relationship to coeval petalodontiform sharks Janassa and Netsepoye. Dentition is generally heterodont.

Many species have a dorsoventrally compressed body shape, often with a vaulted dorsum, and some are strongly flattened (scale-like). Sphaeromatidae are browsers or detritus feeders. Xynosphaera appear to have incisory mandibles,; Xynosphaera colemani burrows into the tissue of alcyonacean corals.Bruce NL (2003) New genera and species of sphaeromatid isopod crustaceans from Australian marine coastal waters.

A regular cheetah at Kruger National Park, South Africa Teeth and tongue of cheetah The cheetah is a medium-sized cat. An adult male cheetah's total size can measure from and for females. Adult cheetahs are tall at the shoulder. Males are slightly taller than females and have slightly bigger heads with wider incisors and longer mandibles.

Although mouth-parts are a better indicator of the type of food consumed by the beetle, the best method of determining the diet of a beetle is gut dissection. The asymmetric mandibles of B. cephalotes are blunt and twice as long as they are wide.Forsythe, Trevor G. 1982. “Feeding Mechanisms of Certain Ground Beetles” (Coleoptera: Carabidae).

The only specimen of P. primigena differs from the other species in several ways. The scape is shorter, not extending past the rear margin of the head capsule and the eyes are located closer to the mandibles than in the other species. The estimated body length is approximately with a petiole node that has a triangular outline.

The name Archaeognatha is derived from Greek, ἀρχαῖος, (archaios) meaning ancient and γνάθος (gnathos) meaning "jaw". This refers to the articulation of the mandibles, which have a single phylogenetically primitive condyle each, where all more derived insects have two. An alternative name, Microcoryphia, comes from the Greek μικρός (mikros), meaning "small", and κορυφή (koryphē), which in context means "head".

A sister bemoans a shortage of olive oil, while another has to absorb strays into her increasingly cramped household. Her oddball teenage son Willing, an economics autodidact, looks as if he can save the once august family from the streets.The Mandibles: A Family, 2029–2047, About the Book, Harper Collins, London. Undated. Retrieved May 9, 2016.

The creature had large mandibles which may or may not have been used for hunting. In 2012, researchers found the first complete insect in the Late Devonian period (382 to 359 million years ago), in the Strud (Gesves, Belgium) environment from the Bois des Mouches Formation, Upper Famennian. It had unspecialized, 'orthopteroid' mouthparts, indicating an omnivorous diet.

Myrmoteras is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae and the sole member of the tribe Myrmoteratini.ITIS: Genus Myrmoteras They have enormous eyes, a character found in other ancient genera, and extremely elongated mandibles with eight to 16 teeth. These work as trap-jaws and can open up to 270°.Bolton, B. (2003): Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae.

Giant valanga eating a leaf Valanga irregularis feeds on shrubs, in particular Acalypha, Hibiscus or Bauhinia. Another food source are palm trees (Arecaceae). They possess strong mandibles which are used to eat the plant beginning from the leaf margin. The feeding takes place all night long and they remain hidden behind branches during hot and rainy days.

The mandibles have a flare in width near the center of their length and sport between 9 and 10 teeth with the apical three teeth on each mandible blade elongated and slender for grasping prey. The propodium sports short spines on the rear edge, while the petiole two spines which angle vertically up from the petiole face.

Workers are small in size (3.3–5.0 mm) and have pitchfork-shaped mandibles with three long teeth. They are specialist predators of millipedes of the order Polyxenida. Polyxenids are an unusual type of prey, only known to be preyed upon by Thaumatomyrmex and Probolomyrmex ants. The millipedes are covered with hooked bristle setae, which entangles potential predators.

The egg of A. cuprina is an off white rounded oval. During the larval stage, A. cuprina has a brownish head and greyish body. The A. cuprina larvae also have black mandibles and a black peritreme (part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles). They can be distinguished from A. caprealis larvae by setal differences.

417-429 in G. Wellenstein (ed.), Die grosse Borkenkäferkalamität in Südwest-Deutschland 1944-1951,1954. Males and females mate repeatedly, with many different partners throughout the season. Mating is short, and the copulation precedes a chase and a firm grasp of the female with the male mandibles on her pronotum. The females lay eggs from April to June.

Anchitherium (meaning near beast) was a fossil horse with a three-toed hoof. Mandibles Anchitherium was a browsing (leaf eating) horse that originated in the early Miocene of North America and subsequently dispersed to Europe and Asia,(in Chinese with English summary).MacFadden, B.J. 2001. Three-toed browsing horse Anchitherium clarencei from the early Miocene (Hemingfordian) Thomas Farm, Florida.

Wētā can bite with powerful mandibles. Tree wētā bites are painful but not particularly common. Tree wētā lift their hind legs in a defence displays to look large and spiky, but they will retreat if given a chance. Tree wētā raise their hind legs into the air in warning to foes, and then bring them down to stridulate.

Both males and females are approximately 8 mm long. Their entire bodies are a shiny, bright green, in contrast to many Lasioglossum species such as L. zephyrus, which are a dull metallic green. Male Augochlora pura tend to have darker mandibles and may be slightly more bluish than females, but otherwise, males and females are similar.

Prionomyrmex longiceps from Europe Members of Prionomyrmecini can be distinguished from other members by the reduced or lacking ocelli, and a lateral clypeal carina is present. Prionomyrmex ants are characterised by their large size, slender bodies, elongated mandibles and powerful stingers. Lengths vary from . Overall, the body structure of Prionomyrmex shows that it is more primitive than Myrmecia.

With each instar there is an increase of body weight, salivary glands and mandibular gland, and development was associated with social relatinoships and task performed in the colony. Specifically lateral tooth in mandibles develop in the fourth instar, opening the body spiracles in the second instar, and presence of spines in the maxilla after the fifth instar.

Functional Implications of Variation in Tooth Spacing and Crown Size in Pinnipedimorpha (Mammalia: Carnivora). The Anatomical Record, 298(5), 878-902. The extremely thick mandibles also serve as a diagnostic characteristic of this genus. Despite this evidence that indicates they may have been grip and tear feeders, Desmatophoca possess long tooth rows, which is characteristic of pierce feeders.

Enoplocerus armillatus exhibits strong sexual dimorphism and is one of the largest Cerambycids. Females reach a length of and males , but specimens up to have been captured. Males have impressive and large mandibles. This species is characterized by very long black antennae, pale brown elytra, quite thick forelegs, and four sharp spines on both sides of the prothorax.

This particular zigzag behavior was seen in all Brazilian Meliponini species studied. The bees also alert one another by secreting mandible glandular secretions. In flight, the bees will rub their mandibles on the surface of blades of grass and stones. P. subnuda contain the tube-shaped mandibular gland which serve as a reservoir for these secretions.

The first femur and posterior tibia of this wasp is enlarged, providing an advantage during attacks. P. semenowi also has thicker and larger mandibles, which are used during attacks to drive off dominant host females. However, since this species does not use its sting during a host colony invasion, its sting is not morphologically distinct from other Polistes species.

The mandibles in these resin gathering bees are characteristically lacking cutting edges found in the closely related leafcutters. The males are smaller than the females. The body segments are covered in various aspects with fine short hair called pubescence. The hairs are of varying length, texture, and color on different aspects of the male and female bees.

Trigona fuscipennis bees and Trigona corvina are often mistaken for one another since they are similar in appearance. Trigona fuscipennis workers are also completely black with one narrow red band just before the apex of the mandibles. But unlike the T. corvina species, they are smaller, have a slightly different mandible color and do not have erect black bristles.

L. japonica is subterranean, migratory, and a very small ant, measuring only 1.2 mm for workers and 1.8 mm for queens. Workers are yellow and blind. The larva's stenocephalic head with the elaborate prothoracic structure below the mandibles and other mouthparts. Larvae are smaller, closer to 0.8 mm, with specialized features used in feeding and nest migration.

Situated beneath the mandibles, paired maxillae manipulate food during mastication. Maxillae can have hairs and "teeth" along their inner margins. At the outer margin, the galea is a cupped or scoop-like structure, which sits over the outer edge of the labium. They also have palps, which are used to sense the characteristics of potential foods.

Using their unique mandibles, the parasite larvae kill the host offspring and the conspecific larvae until only one is alive. This larva then steals the host's allocation of pollen or nectar. This type of parasitism is also known as brood parasitism, where the parasite's offspring develop on the nutrients gathered by the host for its own offspring.

The body is then cut off and the head and mandibles remain in place to close the wound. The large heads of the dinergates (soldiers) of the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes are also used by native surgeons in closing wounds. Some ants have toxic venom and are of medical importance. The species include Paraponera clavata (tocandira) and Dinoponera spp.

Its head is slightly pubescent, with some long, scattered setae on the upper frons, vertex and face. Its gena is not expanded behind its compound eye. A vertical median carina is present, while facial strigae that radiate from its clypeus extend laterally. Its clypeus has a straight ventral margin that does not project over its mandibles.

It also has distinct metanotum on the posterior of the thorax. It is lacking erect setae under its head, and its body is slightly raised on the tibiae, or fourth joint of each leg. Its eyes elongate looking outward, nearer to the mandibles than the vertex. It is dimorphic, meaning there are two separate forms based on class.

The larva is metapneustic (with only one pair of spiracles, these on the anal segment of the abdomen), but often with vestigial lateral spiracles (rarely apneustic). The head capsule is sclerotized anteriorly and deeply incised ventrally and often dorsolaterally. The mandibles are opposed and move in the horizontal or oblique plane. The abdominal segments have transverse creeping welts.

Drawings of various body parts of S. freyi S. freyi ants are small, measuring . The mandibles are wasp-like, its 12-segmented antennae are far apart from each other and the second funicular segment is longer than all the other segments. This is unusual for ants, but such case occurs in Nothomyrmecia macrops. The scapes are very short at .

Ammonite aptychi; how to transform a jaw into an operculum? American Journal of Science 293: 20–32. Set near to or against the shell's terminal opening (the living chamber), the aptychi usually consisted of two identical but mirror image valves. Some authors consider the aptychus to be a jaw apparatus (mandibles), while others believe them to be paired opercula.

The adult snowy-crowned tern has a moderate-sized head and a slender body. It reaches a length of about . The bill is slender, flattened, slightly down-curved and about the same length as the head. It is black with a yellow tip, a yellow edging to the mandibles and a yellow base to the lower mandible.

In 1954, Myrmecia was placed into the Myrmeciinae; this was the last time the genus was placed into a different ant subfamily. left In 1911, Emery classified the subgenera Myrmecia, Pristomyrmecia, and Promyrmecia, based on the shape of their mandibles. Wheeler established the subgenus Halmamyrmecia, and the ants placed in it were characterized by their jumping behavior.

Males of the species are completely black. The dark sides of the thorax and legs are ferruginous (rusty in colour). The scape (the base of the antenna) and mandibles are black, and the head is wider than the thorax. The thorax is longer than its total width and slightly compressed, and the gaster is covered with tiny black dots.

The body underneath is clothed in whitish hairs. The mandibles point forward and the tips cross at rest while the teeth interlock. The species was described and named on the basis of a specimen first collected by Samuel Neville Ward from the North Kanara region of Karnataka, India. The species is found along the Western Ghats.

Brachytrupes membranaceus is nocturnal. It digs a burrow that may be deep, with chambers in which it stores food. The burrow is dug by the mandibles, and the fore-legs are used to move loose soil and push it out of the entrance. An adult cricket may form a mound up to in height beside the burrow entrance.

E. cordata is a small short-tongued species. Females possess claws with a basal tooth, while males have a similar or cleft claw with absent arolia (adhesive pads) in both. Unlike bees of the tribe Bombini, female mandibles have strong apical teeth. Male genitalia are extremely sclerotized with a distinct gonobase and small to moderately sized upper gonostylus.

The hypopharynx is a somewhat globular structure, located medially to the mandibles and the maxillae. In many species it is membranous and associated with salivary glands. It assists in swallowing the food. The hypopharynx divides the oral cavity into two parts: the cibarium or dorsal food pouch and ventral salivarium into which the salivary duct opens.

The adults have a lepturoid aspect, having like those (except for a small number of cases) a divided stridulatory area. Nevertheless, the head is extremely short, the mandibles are strongly bowed and the anterior coxae are globular. The antennae are long, nearly filiform in most of the genera, and bearing very long setae in the Malagasy genus Nethinius.

The antennae have a scape which reaches the back edge of the head, while the segments gradually thicken from scape to tip. but they do not form a distinct club at the tip. Each of the antenna segments are about the same width as they are long. The mandibles are approximately 45% to 50% the length of the head.

The antennae have segments that are 2 times as long as they are wide, with a scape which reaches to the back edge of the head. The mandibles are small, being under half the head length and each chewing side is toothed. The species name is taken from the Greek "microcephalos", which translates to "with a small head".

499 The simpler mandibles of O. paleomyagra are closer to those of the extant south-east African species Odontomachus assiniensis and to the south-east Asian species group rixosus, including Odontomachus rixosus, Odontomachus monticola, and Odontomachus latidens. Unlike these species however, O. paleomyagra has a shorter more squared off head, rather than the elongated heads of the modern species.

C. annularius, like most Diptera insects, differ in their diet through their life cycle. Larvae have mandibles and varying internal teeth. These larvae feed on fine particulate organic material floating at the bottom of the body of water they were born in. This diet of decaying material continues with a brief intermission during the pupal phase, until adulthood.

The frequency of the song is usually higher at the beginning of the mating season and drops as summer progresses; males that do not have a partner sing more often and at a higher frequency than paired males. Like in other species of the genus Empidonax, bill snapping and mandibles clicking are commonly used in a threatening context.

The sting is connected with the mycetangia, which are special organs on the abdomen, where the female stores the oidiae (asexual fungus spores), from broken segments of hyphae. These spores are deposited, together with the eggs, in the host tree wood to germinate. Both larvae and adults have strong mandibles and can drill through lead plates.

The larvae of the sirex woodwasp are almost colourless and only have three stub-shaped pairs of sterna. They cut through host wood with their powerful mandibles. They have a pointed, dark tip at their rear end, which presses the drilling dust on the walls of the borehole. They closely resemble other larvae in the genus Sirex.

The clypeus is one of the sclerites that make up the face of an arthropod. In insects, the clypeus delimits the lower margin of the face, with the labrum articulated along the ventral margin of the clypeus. The mandibles bracket the labrum, but do not touch the clypeus. The dorsal margin of the clypeus is below the antennal sockets.

The body, which ranges between light and dark reddish-brown, is thinly covered in setae. The body surface is shiny and patterned with tiny hexagonal structures. Unlike most species of Mycocepurus, males and females are physically similar. Distinguishing characteristics include the mandibles; the mandible terminates in a tooth in females, but does not do so in males.

Nance wrote a paper in 1947 titled Limitations of Orthodontic Treatment that was the culmination of his 17 years of orthodontia. Nance described the concept of "leeway space". This space is usually found in human teeth after the permanent premolars in each arch have erupted. It is about 3.5mm in mandibles and 2mm in the maxillary arch.

The upper mandible hooked sharply downwards, while the heavy lower mandible hooked sharply upwards towards the middle of the upper mandible. This structure left a gap between the two mandibles when the bird held its beak closed. It is believed that the bill was pale pink in coloration. The jaw muscles were particularly well developed around the bill.

The larvae have large heads with projecting mandibles. The head and the first segment of the thorax are sclerotised, but the rest of the body is soft and fleshy. They have three pairs of true legs, but no prolegs. However, they do possess an adhesive organ on the abdomen, which they can use to fasten themselves to vertical surfaces.

The antennae are composed of thirteen segments, the terminal three forming a distinct club shape. The head and thorax have a strongly reticulated structuring to the exoskeleton and having an overall black coloration. Agroecomyrmex can be separated from Eulithomyrmex based on the features of the head, with Agroecomyrmex displaying larger mandibles and a smaller antennal club.

E. macrops was described from a single male preserved in profile. The fossil lacks portions of the antennae, wings, legs, and gaster, resulting in placement of the species into Emplastus. The male has a short antenna scape that does not extend past the head capsule margin. The clypeus has a straight front edge bordering the triangular mandibles.

Zigrasimecia most likely interacted with the extinct ant genus Gerontoformica through conflict and probably shared some of their ecological niches. The mandibles of these ants were probably used for mechanical interactions with food, and they may also have served as traps for potential arthropod prey such as mites and small flies. Zigrasimecia was possibly a generalist predator.

Pinned specimen Including their large mandibles (used for fighting over mates), male specimens range in length from 25.5 to 32.8 mm and are 10.4–12.4 mm wide. Females range in length from 20.0–22.5 mm. Their exoskeleton is black and ranges from dull to moderately glossy. The thorax is back, glossy, and wider than it is long.

The elytra are rounded at the posterior, almost equally long and wide, and covered in short branching hairs. Male beetles have three teeth at the apex of the mandibles; females have two. What distinguishes this species from all other New Zealand stag beetles is a long conical vertical tooth, on the top of the mandible, in both sexes.

D. fallai are light brown in colour with dark brown legs. They have black stripes along the side of their body, as well as a black line marking along the dorsal surface of their body. Their bodies are distinctively broad and they have rounded heads with short mandibles. The Poor Knights giant wētā primarily feed on kanuka and pohutukawa.

The mouthparts of these insects are adapted for predation. There are toothed stylets on the mandibles able to cut into and abrade tissues of their prey. There are further stylets on the maxillae, adapted as tubular canals to inject saliva and to extract the pre-digested and liquified contents of the prey. Some species attack pest insects and are used in biological control.

Oxford University Press Print, 3,??-??. The other four legs are slightly flattened and used for swimming. The mouth parts consist of a stout syringe-like rostrum or beak and long piercing stylets that were once mandibles and maxillae. They also have retractable strap-like appendages that allow for snorkeling while under water which are located on the posterier end of the abdomen.

Skeletal advancement in an effort to physically increase the pharyngeal airspace is often an option for craniofacial patients with upper airway obstruction and small lower jaws (mandibles). These syndromes include Treacher Collins syndrome and Pierre Robin sequence. Mandibular advancement surgery is one of the modifications needed to improve the airway, others may include reduction of the tongue, tonsillectomy or modified uvulopalatoplasty.

The head of the holotype queen is approximately long by wide. The rectangular head capsule has sides that are almost parallel to each other and ending at rounded back corners. Unlike the other species of Gesomyrmex, the back edge is concave in profile and the sides of the head are faintly concave. The mandibles have four total teeth on the chewing margins.

The genus is characterized by elongate mandibles bearing a series of minute peg-like denticles that arise behind the masticatory margin, by frontal lobes that are poorly expanded laterally, by large and deep antennal fossae, and by pedunculate petiole, with a poorly defined node. Among Lenomyrmex species, the queen caste has been described only for L. mandibularis, L. wardi and L. inusitatus.

The cephalosome of adult male specimens has a distinct produced frontal border with conical superior fronto-lateral processes with a slightly sunken inferior conical medio-frontal process. The dentate blades of the mandibles each contain ten or eleven processes, with the overall mandible being .8 times the length of the cephalasome. The cephalosome of adult females is rectangular with convex lateral margins.

It shows similar characteristics to Myrmecia, and somewhat resembles Oecophylla, commonly known as weaver ants. Workers are strictly nocturnal (active mainly at night) but navigate by vision, relying on large compound eyes. The mandibles are shorter than the head. They have 10 to 15 intermeshing teeth and are less specialised than those of Myrmecia and Prionomyrmex, being elongate and triangular.

The larvae of most species are specialized predators and feed on other larvae, terrestrial snails, and slugs. Some are so specialized that they have grooved mandibles that deliver digestive fluids directly to their prey. Adult diet varies: some are predatory, while others feed on plant pollen or nectar. Some, like the European glow-worm beetle, Lampyris noctiluca, have no mouth.

Along with S. exempta, the following species and subspecies have chisel-like mandibles that were evolved to consume silica-rich leaves: S. triturata, S. m. mauritia, S. m. acronyctoides, S. umbraculata, S. cilium, ', and S. pecten. Like S. exempta, a few species are migratory as adults and travel downwind for hundreds of kilometers, namely S. exigua, S. frugiperda, and S. litura.

The head of I. diabolica contains three vital components: compound eyes, antennae, and mandibles. The compound eyes, composed of thousands of individual photoreceptor cells, enable good eyesight. The arrangement of photoreceptor units, for instance, allows the insect to capture a perceptual span of 180°. This allows I. diabolica to identify prey and predators without increasing its vulnerability by spoiling its camouflage.

Male crickets establish their dominance over each other by aggression. They start by lashing each other with their antennae and flaring their mandibles. Unless one retreats at this stage, they resort to grappling, at the same time each emitting calls that are quite unlike those uttered in other circumstances. When one achieves dominance, it sings loudly, while the loser remains silent.

In the final stage of the display, the head is stretched up fully, the bill is held wide open without any movement of the mandibles. And the head is turn from side to side. Then he edges towards her maybe with little hops with the intention to mount. There is no noticeable movement and the song is continual high-pitched trill.

Sequestering of females and forced copulation may also favor large male size. Males with longer horns and mandibles can use them to fight, or for take over attempts when rivals are copulating. In beetle species, the male horns can be as long as the male’s body. Early sexually mature males can start their reproductive life before the rest of the male population.

They have from four to six pairs of feathery limbs, or "cirri", which they project out of their borings to catch drifting detritus for food. The mouthparts consist of mandibles, maxillules and maxillae. One pair of cirri is close to these while the others are at the other end of the body. Each individual acrothoracican is either male or female.

Using the body plans of Devonian osteichthyans as a guide, it can be estimated that the mandibles of Megamastax occupy between a fifth and a seventh of the total body length. If this is true, then IVPP V18499.1 had a length of and IVPP V18499.2 had a length of . Given these large estimates, Megamastax was the largest known Silurian vertebrate.

Harpegnathos saltator, sometimes called the Indian jumping ant or Jerdon's jumping ant, is a species of ant found in India. They have long mandibles and have the ability to leap a few inches. They are large-eyed and active predators that hunt mainly in the early morning. The colonies are small and the difference between workers and queens is very slight.

Dental panoramic radiography equipment consists of a horizontal rotating arm which holds an X-ray source and a moving film mechanism (carrying a film) arranged at opposed extremities. The patient's skull sits between the X-ray generator and the film. The X-ray source is rectangular collimated beam. Also the height of that beam covers the mandibles and the maxilla regions.

She seeks out the colony's queen and kills her by biting her with her piercing mandibles. With their queen gone, the behaviour of the resident ants changes and their attacks lessen in ferocity and alternate with periods of grooming the new arrival. Within a few hours, the usurping queen is accepted and is surrounded by submissive workers that groom her and feed her.

Trictenotoma childreni, the log-boring beetle or brown steampunk beetle, is a species of beetle in the Trictenotomidae family. It can reach a body length of about . Basic color of these large beetles is black, the body is slightly flattened, and it is covered with thick grayish-yellow hair. It has large eyes, long antennae and legs, and powerful mandibles.

Odontomachus assiniensis is a species of ponerinae ant known as a trap-jaw ant. The trap-jaw mechanism consists of mandibles which spring shut when triggered. This ant was first described in 1892 by the Italian entomologist Carlo Emery. The type locality is the Ivory Coast, where the coastal site of Assini, in the southeast, gIves the specific name assiniensis, "of Assini".

The larvae's heads are adapted for digging into the soil, and they have strong black mandibles for chewing roots. Larvae tunnel downward to feed on the living roots of a variety of trees and shrubs. At first, they may feed on bark, but then proceed to hollow out small roots. Pupation occurs in spring, about 10 cm under the ground.

Only Megalocephalus is known to share this brassicate patch with colosteids. The mandibles were also unique in the fact that they possessed a single elongated hole along their inner surface, known as an exomeckelian foramen (or a meckelian fenestra). Earlier stegocephalians like Ichthyostega possessed a subtle slit in the mandible, while most later groups had a series of smaller, well-defined holes.

The upper mandible is orangish-yellow, and the lower mandible is dark. The female has a dull bluish grey head and lacks the black and verdigris collar which is replaced by yellow. The upper-mandible is corn-yellow and there is no black chin stripe or red shoulder patch. Immature birds have a green head and both mandibles are yellowish.

The neck is white with irregular black stripes from behind the eye and from the base of the lower mandibles. The upper parts are tawny and black with 3 black lines running along the back. The underparts are whitish. When the chicks hatch, the mother brings them a steady stream of food, most of it soft so the chicks can eat it easily.

Minor males have been defined as those with head sizes less than 6.3 mm, while major males have head sizes above 6.3 mm. Males are also allometrically sized, meaning that those with larger heads also have larger mandibles and broader abdomens. The largest of the males are comparable in size to the females. Sexual dimophism can also be seen in the bee coloring.

Adult megalopterans closely resemble the lacewings, except for the presence of a pleated region on their hindwings, helping them to fold over the abdomen. They have strong mandibles and mouthparts apparently adapted for chewing, although many species do not eat as adults. They have large compound eyes, and, in some species, also have ocelli. The wings are large and subequal.

Head detail of N. ensifer N. ensifer is a medium-sized species, measuring . Excluding the mandibles, the head is long and wide. The scapes of the antennae surpass the occipital margin, and the second segment of the funiculus is longer than the first. The third and fourth segments are the same length as each other, although they are longer than the second.

Like other toads, Yosemite toads are ambush predators. They lunge at prey and open their mandibles, causing their sticky tongue to unfold, flip downward, and pull the animal into their mouths. Adult stomach contents have included: tenebrionid beetles, ladybird beetles, weevils, craneflies, mosquitos, caterpillars, carpenter ants, dragonfly naiads, centipedes, julid millipedes, and spiders. Juvenile stomach contents have included: ants, spiders, and wasps.

The immobilised prey is transported in the mandibles held against the underside of the body with the forelimbs. As many as 30 beetle larvae have been recorded in a single cell. The egg is laid before the prey is collected and is suspended from the side of the cell by a fine filament. The egg hatches a few days after it is laid.

They are active under direct sunshine and hours when the temperature is above 22 °C (71.6°). When feeding, the females use scissor-like mandibles and maxillae to make a cross-shaped incision and then lap up the blood. Their bite can be painful. Anti-coagulants in the saliva of the fly prevents blood from clotting and may cause severe allergic reactions.

Physical size is a major distinguishing feature between queens and gynes versus female worker bees. Queens consistently are larger in body size than workers. Queens also tend to have worn wings and worn mandibles as a result of higher activity, in addition to greater ovarian development correlating with the reproductive capacity of queens. Queens also generally have abundant fat stores.

Dorsal view of soldier bigheaded ant There are two types of worker ant, the major or soldier ant and the minor worker. The common name of bigheaded ant derives from the soldier's disproportionately large head. This has large mandibles which may be used to crush seeds. The soldiers are about four millimetres in length, twice as long as the minor workers.

A. andreae use ambush predation to hunt insects many times their own size. The ants will actually position themselves side-by- side next to each other underneath the edge a leaf. There, they are invisible from above except for their mandibles, which hang outside the edge waiting for prey. Many times, the ants will occupy each leaf of the plant.

Characteristic to the genus, S. cyanea will sound an alarm when disturbed. This sound is made when the wasps scrape their mandibles on the carton of their nest. In addition, as one of the most aggressive social wasps, S. cyanea often will bite and sting when threatened. Their barbed sting often remains in the skin as the wasp pulls away.

Xylocopa pubescens is a species of large carpenter bee. Females form nests by excavation with their mandibles, often in dead or soft wood. X. pubescens is commonly found in areas extending from India to Northeast and West Africa. It must reside in these warm climates because it requires a minimum ambient temperature of 18 degrees Celsius in order to forage.

Solenopsis spp. ants can be identified by three body features—a pedicel with two nodes, an unarmed propodeum, and antennae with 10 segments plus a two-segmented club. Many ants bite, and formicine ants can cause irritation by spraying formic acid; myrmecine ants like fire ants have a dedicated venom-injecting sting, which injects an alkaloid venom, as well as mandibles for biting.

The soldiers' job is to defend the colony from any unwanted animals. When the large soldiers attack they emit a drop of brown, corrosive salivary liquid which spreads between the open mandibles. When they bite, the liquid spreads over the opponent. The secretion is commonly stated to be toxic or undergoes coagulation with the air which renders it glue-like.

Trigona corvina have been known to act as parasites to citrus plantations. They typically collect the sticky propolis from the surfaces of young orange leaves and then they collect the liquid that emerges from the leaf margins after they destroy them with their mandibles. They are so effective in their destruction of the citrus plants that they are able to prevent its growth.

The virgin queens are differentiated from the workers by their shiny head, wider thorax and longer wings. They are a larger insect overall than workers. Males have a narrower facial quadrangle than both the workers and the queen. They are also differentiated by their mandibles, which have red stripes at their base and also by their legs which are not uniformly black.

The hind femora are often greatly enlarged, with a row of teeth or serrations along the lower margin. One of the more remarkable uses of the muscular hind legs is the species Lasiochalcidia igiliensis, which attacks the predatory larvae of ant lions, holding the mandibles of the larva spread apart while the wasp injects an egg into the membrane of the exposed throat.

In Hawaii, yellowjackets rob honey bee colonies through two major types of raids. Sometimes, yellowjackets enter and leave in a slow but steady traffic faced by opposition from honey bee workers. In the more common raid, yellowjackets enter individually and experience no apparent opposition. V. pensylvanica utilize their mandibles to scrape weathered wood and dried herbaceous stems to obtain resources rich in fiber.

The holotype fossil, SAM-PK-1070, is preserved in negative relief and has a partial skull, mandibles, axial skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdles, osteoderms, and femur elements. The preserved femurs include a complete left and partial right. Partial skull elements present are the maxilla, quadrate, parabasisphenol, jugal, quadratojugal, mandible, and the palate. Little of the skull roof remains in this specimen.

This result is seen in the experiment with beetles above, where the females demonstrate reduced fitness in response to males selected for larger mandibles. So, with mathematical support and a lack of support for strong fitness benefits as a result of sexually concordant selection, the paper concludes that sex-specific selection is more likely to incur costs than benefits to sexually reproducing species.

Fungi in the genera Cordyceps and Ophiocordyceps infect ants. Ants react to their infection by climbing up plants and sinking their mandibles into plant tissue. The fungus kills the ants, grows on their remains, and produces a fruiting body. It appears that the fungus alters the behaviour of the ant to help disperse its spores in a microhabitat that best suits the fungus.

Retrieved 24 October 2013. With males weighing an average of and females , the species is large for its genus. Being of the family Psittacidae, the sisserou has zygodactyl feet and a thick, hooked bill with a muscular tongue. This bill is fashioned in such a way that, using its hinged mandibles and tongue, the sisserou can easily move food around in its mouth.

At the joint of the two mandibles is a yellow, wrinkled rosette. The exact proportions of the beak vary with the age of the bird. In an immature individual, the beak has reached its full length, but it is not as broad as that of an adult. With time the bill deepens, the upper edge curves, and a kink develops at its base.

Caterpillars lack the proboscis and have separate chewing mouthparts. These mouthparts, called mandibles, are used to chew up the plant matter that the larvae eat. The lower jaw, or labium, is weak, but may carry a spinneret, an organ used to create silk. The head is made of large lateral lobes, each having an ellipse of up to six simple eyes.

Sidron mandible Morphologically, the El Sidrón humans show a large number of Neanderthal lineage-derived features even though certain traits place the sample at the limits of Neanderthal variation. Integrating the El Sidrón human mandibles into the larger Neanderthal sample reveals a north–south geographic patterning. The cave is in the northern portion, southern Neanderthals show broader faces with increased lower facial heights.

Likewise, the honey bee Apis mellifera is able to protrude their proboscis and sip nectar from the open mandibles of the donor bee. Certain mechanisms have also evolved to initiate food sharing, such as the sensory exploitation strategy that has evolved in the common cuckoo brood parasites. These birds have evolved brightly coloured gapes that stimulate the host to transfer food.

This beetle ranges in length (including mandibles) from 18.0 to 28.5 mm (males) and from 19.4 to 24 mm (females). It has a glossy exoskeleton which ranges in colour from reddish- black to black. Like Geodorcus servandus, its elytra are not distinctly ribbed. This is a feature that distinguishes G. sororum from G. capito which is also found in the Chatham Islands.

Neuropterans are soft-bodied insects with relatively few specialised features. They have large lateral compound eyes, and may or may not also have ocelli. Their mouthparts have strong mandibles suitable for chewing, and lack the various adaptations found in most other endopterygote insect groups. They have four wings, usually similar in size and shape, and a generalised pattern of veins.

Female alfalfa leafcutter bees have stingers, but both sexes will usually use their mandibles as a defensive mechanism, usually only defending themselves when squeezed or antagonized. Therefore, bee suits, such as those required with honey bees, are not necessary when dealing with these bees. When these bees do sting, however, they do not lose their stingers or die after stinging.

Although the animators and the art department studied insects more closely, natural realism would give way to the film's larger needs.Price, p. 162 The team took out mandibles and designed the ants to stand upright, replacing their normal six legs with two arms and two legs. The grasshoppers, in contrast, received a pair of extra appendages to appear less attractive.

A pet parrotlet Yellow-faced parrotlets are about long and weigh about . Their bodies are mostly dark or olive green with gray washes on the nape and mantle and yellow-green underparts, and foreheads, crown, cheeks, and throat are bright yellow. A gray-green stripe extends backwards from each eye. Eyes are dark brown and feet and lower mandibles are light peach.

Nectosaurus is known from fragmentary remains. The holotype, UCMP 9124, is an incomplete skeleton including vertebrae, a humerus, coracoid, ulna, radius, and partial skull and mandibles. Many isolated bones from other localities were referred to the genus by Merriam in 1908. In addition, a partial skull from the same locality, UCMP 9120, was referred to the genus as Nectosaurus sp.

Dealated queens with developed wings and thoraces are considered rare. In some species, such as M. brevinoda and M. pilosula, three forms of queens exist, with the dealated queens being the most recognisable. Males are easy to identify due to their perceptibly broad and smaller mandibles. Their antennae consist of 13 segments, and are almost the same length as the ants' bodies.

Unlike the army ants of the New World, Old World army ants have a functional sting but rarely use it, preferring their razor-sharp, falcate mandibles for defense instead. Dorylus spp. colonies also reach larger sizes than Eciton. The Pogonomyrmex maricopa, found in Western US, are bright red myrmicine ants whose venom is the most potent of any ant species.

The mouthparts are also unusual for ensiferans, having a knife-shaped lacinia (tip of the maxilla) and small elongated mandibles. These mouthparts suggest that the insect is predatory. In the related species Cooloola ziljan, the lacinia has been observed in use as a digging tool. The legs are adapted for burrowing and the hind legs bear flattened spines for this purpose.

The trophi, or mouthparts of a locust, a typical chewing insect: 1 Labrum 2 Mandibles; 3 Maxillae 4 Labium 5 Hypopharynx Examples of chewing insects include dragonflies, grasshoppers and beetles. Some insects do not have chewing mouthparts as adults but do chew solid food when they feed while they still are larvae. The moths and butterflies are major examples of such adaptations.

They then spread it around with their mandibles and legs, and it dries into a papery structure. The workers guard the nest and feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp (particularly that of apples). They also prey on insects and other arthropods, chewing them up and feeding them to the larvae. They have been known to scavenge raw meat.

The adult stage is the shortest-lived and lasts only for a week. The Annularius are fully developed and have several distinct features. Their bodies are a dark brown or black color and the wing length ranges from 4 to 6 mm. The mandibles are still oblique but have grown to a much larger size and have a dark black hue.

Amphionides grows to a length of . Morphologically, Amphionides is somewhat unusual, with many body parts being reduced or absent. For example, it has only one pair of mouthparts – the maxillae – the mandibles and maxillules being vestigial. Males and females differ in the form of the antennae, and also by the presence in males of the eighth thoracic appendage, albeit in a reduced form.

The violet-bellied hummingbird is characterized by the male's shimmering violet belly. The rest of its body is just as brilliant; its back and crown being a metallic green. The violet belly, however, is not shared between the sexes as this species exhibits sexual dimorphism. The characteristics they do share include long, rounded tails, straight and short bills, and pink lower mandibles.

A. nigripennis is a pest that feeds off of the 28 species in the Dianthus and Tricosantes genera of plants by creating a circular "trench" using its mandibles. After circularly cutting through the leaf, the trench overflows with sticky phloem sap that, through cohesion, sticks to form a semicircle around the beetle. The beetle then sucks the sap using its mouth.

The incomplete mandible of the largest specimen (CMN 8880) is the same length. AMNH 5214 has 35 dental alveoli in the left dentary and 36 in the right, for a total of 71. The predentary bone of the tip of the mandibles has not yet been found. Like other ankylosaurs, Ankylosaurus had small, phylliform (leaf-shaped) teeth, which were compressed sideways.

The head is oval, being 1.9 times wider than long, with a gena expanded behind its compound eye. Its face has sparse setation, which is denser in the lower face; a vertical median carina is absent. Its frons and vertex counts with a shining coriaceous sculpture. Its clypeus is indistinct and rectangular, the ventral margin of which slightly projects over its mandibles.

Little is known about their biology, but they have a subterranean lifestyle and are thought to be predators, although not strictly carnivorous. Workers are medium in size (5.5–6.5 mm), orange-colored, and have long and narrow mandibles with seven teeth. Queens are similar to the workers, but larger (9.25 mm). Buniapone is morphologically similar to some Cryptopone and Promyopias species.

The bees will tunnel through wood with their mandibles, although they do not ingest the wood in the process, and they avoid painted or stained wood. The tunnels average in length and consist of a linear series of partitioned brood cells. The adult bees spend the winter in the tunnels. Most nests of X. sonorina contain a single female and her brood.

Ramphocelus is a Neotropical genus of birds of the tanager family. They have enlarged shiny whitish or bluish-grey lower mandibles, which are pointed upwards in display. However, this is greatly reduced in the females of most species. Males are black and red, orange or yellow, while females resemble a duller version of the males, or are brownish or greyish combined with dull red, orange or yellowish.

The tropical rat mite is between 0.75 and 1.44 mm in length and is unsegmented with chelicerae or mandibles which are suited to piercing. They have a sharp caudal apex of the scutum, an oval genital shield, and a cranially positioned anus. These mites are capable of parthenogenic reproduction. After taking a blood meal, they are static and yellow or dark red in color.

These features are closer in appearance to females of the subfamily Eupelminae. However the sine patterning on the legs of Aspidopleura are much closer to that of extant Neanastatinae. Although the life habit of Aspidopleura baltica is unknown, the short length of the ovipositor and shape of the mandibles, both similar to the genus Anastatus in subfamily Eupelminae, suggests Aspidopleura was possibly parasitic on insect eggs.

Apsisaurus is an extinct genus of Early Permian varanopid synapsids known from Texas of the United States. It was first named by Michel Laurin in 1991 and the type species is Apsisaurus witteri. Apsisaurus witteri is known from the holotype MCZ 1474, a three-dimensionally preserved partial skeleton including an incomplete skull and mandibles. The skull roof of Archeria is also articulated to the postcranial skeleton.

Members of the genus Atractaspis share the following characters. Venom fangs enormously developed; a few teeth on the palatines, none on the pterygoids; mandibles edentulous anteriorly, with 2 or 3 very small teeth in the middle of the dentary bone. Postfrontal bone absent. Head small, not distinct from neck, covered with large symmetrical shields; nostril between 2 nasals; no loreal; eye minute, with round pupil.

In Malaysia, tropical carpenter bees often choose useful structural woods as nesting sites, as they are able to burrow through it with their powerful mandibles. Tropical carpenter bees construct multiple galleries (3 - 5) of about 11 cm in length and 2.1 - 2.3 cm in diameter.Mardan, M., Yatim, Ismail, M. and Raji Khalid, Mohd. (1991). “Nesting Biology and Foraging Activity of Carpenter Bee on Passion Fruit”.

The sites containing Old Bering Sea objects are typically large mounds and middens or cemeteries with hundreds of graves, often framed by bowhead whale mandibles and floored with wooden planks, hewn out of driftwood. Very few graves contain elaborate grave offerings; sufficiently few for some archaeologists to infer the existence of hierarchical groups, including powerful whaling captains and/or shamans, some of whom were women.

The Haidoterminus holotype worker has a similar structure to species of Haidomyrmex. The mandibles are very large and well developed with a scythe-shaped appearance in side view and notably narrow bases. The holotype is overall approximately with small oval shaped compound eyes made up of a larger ommatidia in low numbers. The clypeus has a concave structure sporting several larger setae including two long trigger setae.

They also noted several features that are shared with ants of the amblyoponine group, then a part of Ponerinae. The workers have genal spurs on the lower edge area under the small compound eyes. Workers also have narrow long mandibles, as do some amblyoponine genera. Placement in Ponerinae was unchanged until a revision of the subfamily was published in 2003 by myrmecologist Barry Bolton.

Danum Valley, Malaysia The genus is morphologically very peculiar within the poneromorph subfamily group and has the following combination of characteristics: the very wide head; spatulate or squamate hairs on the head; and long, narrow mandibles with a double row of teeth on the inner margins. Monophyly of the genus is strongly supported by a recent molecular phylogenetic study by Saux et al. (2004).

Mesophthirus engeli, a louse-like ectoparasite on damaged mid-Cretaceous dinosaur feathers Parasitism is hard to demonstrate from the fossil record, but holes in the mandibles of several specimens of Tyrannosaurus may have been caused by Trichomonas-like parasites. A louse-like ectoparasite, Mesophthirus engeli, preserved in mid- Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, has been found with dinosaur feathers, apparently damaged by the insect's "strong chewing mouthparts".

The species was first given a description and a classification by German entomologists Gijsbertus Vierbergen and Joachim Scheven in 1995. It was subsequently described in Diversity and Adaptation in the Ant Genus Cephalotes Past and Present (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) as a sister group to Cephalotes serratus, possessing slightly larger and more triangular mandibles. It was discovered fossilized in amber on the island of Hispaniola in the Dominican Republic.

The holotype major worker of P. ragnax differs from that of P. bessonii in the oblique versus convex head sides, as well as longer scapes, mandibles, legs, and larger eyes. However, until more material of P. ragnax is collected and the whole group is revised, there will not be a definite answer to whether P. ragnax is a synonym of P. bessonii or a distinct biological species.

Early Predator design concepts by Stan Winston The Predator design is credited to special effects artist Stan Winston. While flying to Japan with Aliens director James Cameron, Winston, who had been hired to design the Predator, was doing concept art on the flight. Cameron saw what he was drawing and said, "I always wanted to see something with mandibles." Winston then included them in his designs.

By the summer when the catkins have fallen, the caterpillars discreetly mimic oak twigs. No intermediate forms are present in this species, although other members of the genus Nemoria, such as N. darwiniata, do exhibit transitional forms. In social insects such as ants and termites, members of different castes develop different phenotypes. For example, workers are normally smaller with less pronounced mandibles than soldiers.

Suborder Tillodontia Retrieved July 2013. : Genus †Azygonyx (), dentary, postcranial fragments : Genus †Basalina (), poorly preserved jaw fragment with incomplete cheek tooth : Genus †Benaius (), left lower jaw : Genus †Dysnoetodon (), maxilla and lower jaw : Family †Esthonychidae () (Syn. Anchippodontidae, Tillotheriidae) :: Genus †Adapidium (), right lower jaw :: Subfamily †Esthonychinae () ::: Genus †Esthonyx (), lower mandibles, teeth :: Genus †Megalesthonyx (), left mandible, teeth, feet bones :: Subfamily †Trogosinae () (Syn. Anchippodus) ::: Genus †Tillodon (), skull ::: Genus †Trogosus () (Syn.

The head looks to be narrower than it is long and has rounded corners and convex back edge. The eyes are placed just to the front of the heads midline, and the clypeus has a rounded front edge. The gena plates, below the eyes, are nearly as long as the eyes are wide. The subtriangular mandibles have many small teeth, over ten on each side.

The corellas forage on the ground in large flocks and feed on a wide variety of seeds of both native and introduced plants, as well as corms and tubers which they dig up using the elongated upper mandibles of their bills. Cereal grains, including oats, barley and wheat, are eaten extensively in summer and autumn, while the corms of onion grass are important in winter and spring.

The oldest definitive insect fossil is the Devonian Rhyniognatha hirsti, from the 396 million year old Rhynie chert. It may have superficially resembled a modern-day silverfish insect. This species already possessed dicondylic mandibles (two articulations in the mandible), a feature associated with winged insects, suggesting that wings may already have evolved at this time. Thus, the first insects probably appeared earlier, in the Silurian period.

The Anochetus ambiguus type specimen is well preserved, though it shows some distortion from the amber moving after entombment and is missing some body structures. The second specimen has an estimated body length of . The mesosoma has distinct fine striae covering most of its surface and the gaster is smooth and shiny. The upper side of the head, mandibles, pronotum, and gaster sport sparse erect hairs.

Males are large in size and have a large cylindrical abdomen, highly modified mandibles and uncommon genitalia not seen in other ants. They have 13 segments on their antennae, are alated (have wings) and therefore can resemble wasps. Males are born as part of a sexual brood. As soon as they are born, they will fly off in search of a queen to mate with.

Corydalus is a genus of large flying insects in the Corydalidae family, commonly known as dobsonflies. They are endemic to North, Central and South America and there are about 35 known species. Members of the genus have wing lengths of up to 85 millimetres. They are sexually dimorphic, with the males having large mandibles used to grasp the females during mating while the females have smaller jaws.

The large head is rectangular, narrowing to a prominent concave rear margin. The eyes are large and positioned near the front of the head, while there are no ocelli visible on the head. The mandibles are elongated, slightly curved near the bases, and narrow. They are separated into distinct base and masticatory areas, with very small uniform teeth populating the whole length of the chewing edge.

Larvae are most often found in decaying animal matter. First instar: First instar Sarcophagidae larvae are 0.5 to 5.0 millimeters long. The Sarcophaginae larvae, specifically, usually lack a labral sclerite, but in some cases it is present as a small, triangular plate located between the mandibles. The first segment is at times sclerotized on the dorsal surface, which can form a partial head capsule.

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Tilapia typically have laterally compressed, deep bodies. Like other cichlids, their lower pharyngeal bones are fused into a single tooth-bearing structure. A complex set of muscles allows the upper and lower pharyngeal bones to be used as a second set of jaws for processing food (cf. morays), allowing a division of labor between the "true jaws" (mandibles) and the "pharyngeal jaws".

Foraging is common with grown female cockroaches, and the cockroach can wander up to 50 cm from the entrance of the burrow to collect ground litter. It collects mostly dead leaves and use the mandibles to drag the litter back into their burrow. Fighting is common amongst adult males, yet adult females with nymphs are also highly aggressive. Aggressiveness is associated with its solitary existence.

The mouthparts are adapted to sucking and the mandibles are usually reduced in size or absent. The first maxillae are elongated into a tubular proboscis which is curled up at rest and expanded when needed to feed. The first and second maxillae bear palps which function as sensory organs. Some species have a reduced proboscis or maxillary palps and do not feed as adults.

The small Pachycondyla parvula queen has a body length of approximately and the head is , while the alitrunk is . The antennae scape extends towards the rear margin of the head but does not extend past it. The eyes are noted to be rather small and placed slightly forward of the heads midpoint. Where preserved the mandibles are subtriangular in outline had each has seven teeth.

Like many ground beetle larvae they are elongated with two extensions (urogomphi) at the rear end. They have characteristic double-hooked mandibles. The larvae feed exclusively on amphibians, which they lure by waving their antennae and making prey-like movements. The larvae can often evade the first strike of the amphibian by being alert, and then strike back at once, while the amphibian is in close proximity.

Through comparisons with extant pinnipeds, Desmatophoca were determined to be either grip and tear feeders (biting prey and shaking it into smaller portions to consume) or pierce feeders (biting prey and using slight suction to draw it fully into the mouth). Desmatophoca mandibles are thick, and they possess wide coronoid processes; both of which provide jaw strength associated with grip and tear feeders.Kienle, S., & Berta, A. (2018).

A large mound may house up to a million individual termites. Each is the nest of a colony of Amitermes meridionalis and houses the queen, king, reproductives, soldiers and workers. The outer surface of the mound is hard and durable whereas the material separating the chambers and galleries inside is more papery. The soldiers are long and their curved mandibles bear a single in-turned tooth.

The adults of this species exhibit sexual dimorphism, a common trait in Lucanidae, as well as unopposable clubbed antennae. Both sexes are in length, black in coloration, and have small mandibles. The pronotum and elytra are covered in many small pits, leading to an overall rugose appearance. The head of the male is much narrower than the pronotum, and has a short, median rhinoceros-like horn.

X. nasalis use their mandibles to grind away at wood while they bodies vibrate, creating an entrance tunnel into the wood. However, carpenter bees do not eat wood; they will usually throw away the bits of shredded wood or reuse the bits to create walls within the tunneling nests. The tunnel is integral in storage for pollen, nursing the brood, and protecting the brood.

There are several characteristics that separate Ypresiomyrma from other ant genera. The waist connecting the thorax and the abdomen in Ypresiomyrma is composed of a single segment. The head in each species varies in shape, and mandibles are a distinct triangular shape and shorter than the head capsule with eight to twelve teeth, although they are elongated. Queens of the genus are large, measuring over .

The specific epithet was chosen in honor of Rod Bartlett who collected the specimen, and to honor his work with the Vancouver Paleontological Society and the British Columbia Paleontological Alliance. The antennae are not preserved and the eyes cannot be distinguished. The mandibles have around ten or fewer teeth. The forewings of the queen are faintly preserved, and portions of the legs are preserved and disarticulated.

About three days after the egg is laid, the free end of the egg becomes glassy white. The grub chews its way out with its tiny, dark-tipped mandibles. Eventually, the eggshell splits, revealing the glistening, white, footless grub. The grub, still attached to the host tarantula by its tail end, arches over and digs into the tarantula's skin, creating a perforation aided by a dissolving fluid.

By the fourth instar, the tarantula's abdomen has collapsed slightly. At the fifth and last instar, the larva has developed a pair of stout, three-toothed mandibles to keep up with its feeding habits. The larva has become muscular and mobile by this stage. It cuts a hole into the tarantula's carapace and thrust its head and thorax inside the host spider, continuing to feed ravenously.

P. atrimandibularis is the smallest of the three social Polistes parasites. The size of the host's species brood cells determines P. atrimandibularis size, with the smaller P. atrimandibularis emerging from the nests of P. gallicus and P. associus. Likewise, the larger P. atrimandibularis emerge from the nests of P. dominula instead. This paper wasp has enlarged mandibles, used as weapons to injure hosts that resist parasite intrusion.

Chewing mandibles are uniform across species. The legs are typically long and slender, and some species are capable of limb autotomy (appendage shedding). Phasmids have long, slender antennae, as long as or longer than the rest of the body in some species. Head of a female Extatosoma tiaratum All phasmids possess compound eyes, but ocelli (light-sensitive organs) are only found in some winged males.

Mandibles () is a 2020 French-Belgian comedy film written and directed by Quentin Dupieux. It stars David Marsais, Grégoire Ludig, Adèle Exarchopoulos, India Hair, Roméo Elvis and Coralie Russier. It had its world premiere at the 77th Venice International Film Festival on September 5, 2020. Originally scheduled for December 2, 2020, it is scheduled to be released in France on November 18, 2020, by Memento Films.

619–629 On the other hand, ants may become nuisances when they invade buildings, or cause economic losses. In some parts of the world (mainly Africa and South America), large ants, especially army ants, are used as surgical sutures. The wound is pressed together and ants are applied along it. The ant seizes the edges of the wound in its mandibles and locks in place.

Scarites buparius reach a length of about , with a maximum of .CSMON-Life The basic black color of this glossy beetle is aposematic, highlighting clearly the body on the sandy substrate. Elytra present thin and shallow striae, almost absent in larger specimen. Sexual dimorphism is not conspicuous,Galerie-insecte but males are usually slightly smaller than females and the mandibles of the males are longer and hooked.

The back is hairless and glossy. Overall colors range from black to a reddish-brown, while the hairs may range from yellow to red to black. The antennae are 11-segmented, with a club of four to eight lamellae, more than in any other group of the Scarabaeoidea. The mandibles are not functional, and the opening into the esophagus is closed off; adults do not eat.

At the onset of pupation, the abdomen is reduced and the head loses its prognathous form. After 3 days, the eyes start to be pigmented, followed by the mandibles at six days and the elytra at nine days. Pupae are capable of moving the abdomen from side to side. Adults are short-lived, non-feeding, free-living, able to fly, and can locate wood via olfactory cues.

Micropterigidae, Agathiphagidae and Heterobathmiidae are the oldest and most basal lineages of Lepidoptera. The adults of these families do not have the curled tongue or proboscis, that are found in most members of the order, but instead have chewing mandibles adapted for a special diet. Micropterigidae larvae feed on leaves, fungi, or liverworts (much like the Trichoptera). Adult Micropterigidae chew the pollen or spores of ferns.

Carpenter et alii (2001) designated CEUM 12360 as the holotype specimen of Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum (CEUM is the acronym of the College of Eastern Utah Prehistoric Museum in Price, Utah). CEUM 12360 consists of an articulated, incomplete skull lacking the snout and mandibles. Carpenter et al. (2001) also designated a long list of paratype material, mostly isolated bones that could be referred to Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum.

Some neuropterans have specialised sense organs in their wings, or have bristles or other structures to link their wings together during flight. The larvae are specialised predators, with elongated mandibles adapted for piercing and sucking. The larval body form varies between different families, depending on the nature of their prey. In general, however, they have three pairs of thoracic legs, each ending in two claws.

For example, emerging individuals would remain in their cells when they were delayed from emerging for a relatively short period of time. When delayed for longer periods of times, however, emerging individuals would use their mandibles to destroy the cells of their nest mates. With respect to gender differences, males have been observed to bypass nests more frequently than females due to the small size of males.

N. serricomis is an active predator and has a varied diet consisting of many smaller invertebrates such as midges, caddisflies, black flies, mayflies, ostracods, and small crustaceans. Studies have shown that N. serricomis changes its diet from season to season and even from month to month. N. serricomis larvae feed by foraging with their mandibles open and quickly closing them upon contact with prey.

The mouthparts are on the underside of the head and include generalized chewing mandibles, salivary glands and various touch and taste receptors. The body is divided into a thorax of three segments and a ten-segmented abdomen. The external surface has a tough exoskeleton which contains calcium carbonate and protects the inner organs and provides attachment to muscles. It is coated with wax to repel water.

These ants are commonly known as "bull ants", "bulldog ants" or "jack jumper" ants, and are also associated with many other common names. They are characterized by their extreme aggressiveness, ferocity, and painful stings. Some species are known for the jumping behavior they exhibit when agitated. Species of this genus are also characterized by their elongated mandibles and large compound eyes that provide excellent vision.

They vary in colour and size, ranging from . Although workers and queens are hard to distinguish from each other due to their similar appearance, males are identifiable by their perceptibly smaller mandibles. Almost all Myrmecia species are monomorphic, with little variation among workers of a given species. Some queens are ergatoid and have no wings, while others have either stubby or completely developed wings.

Juchilestes is an amphidontid mammal genus from the early Cretaceous (early Aptian stage, 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma). It lived in what is now the Beipiao of western Liaoning, eastern China. It is known from the holotype D2607, which consists of three-dimensionally preserved, partial skull with mandibles and some teeth. It was found in 2004 from the Lujiatun Site of the Yixian Formation (Jehol Biota).

Nasutes have lost their mandibles through the course of evolution and must be fed by workers. A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids that nasutes secrete. Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests. Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis – rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles.

Out of the 3000-plus skeletons excavated, 98 crania and 139 mandibles, as well as a small number of other post cranial bones, survived. However, the original field cards for all of the skeletons remained. Unfortunately, only 326 of the 2903 field cards contained complete information of observations and measurements made on site during the excavation. Only 25% of the cards contained accurate or useful information.

Archichauliodes larvae are one of the biggest freshwater insects in New Zealand. The thorax and head are black and flattened, and the head has a large set of mandibles. The larvae are sturdy animals with heavily sclerotised heads and thoracic segments. The abdomen is long and light in colour and it has 8 pairs of tentacle-like gills projecting from abdominal segments 1-8.

A soldier is rather larger than a worker and has a rounded head and large incurved mandibles. Its antennae usually have 16 flagellomeres. The fontanelle, a pore gland on the forehead which secretes a milky fluid, can easily be seen from above. The pronotum is long with about 70 setae (bristles), mostly near the margins, and the mesothorax, metathorax, and abdomen are also densely bristly.

'Wooly' trichomes as seen on Stachys byzantina, used by A. manicatum for nest construction. Being a member of the Anthidiini tribe of megachilid bees, A. manicatum engages in highly elaborate nesting behavior. These bees construct their nests in preexisting cavities, using the trichomes of wooly plants. Female A. manicatum use their mandibles, which are sharply toothed, to remove trichomes from the stems and leaves of various plants.

O. bauri is able to recognize other workers from different nests by antennation. This process happens when two ants are front to front of one another, and either one is touching the other's antennae with their antennae or head. There are four different behavioral patterns that may result after recognition of the other ant. These are basic alertness, alarm, attack with mandibles or attack with sting.

Anthia (common name Saber-toothed ground beetles) is a genus of the ground beetle family (Carabidae). Species of Anthia can spray a jet of formic acid up to , which if not treated, can cause blindness in animals which harass the beetles. In general the beetles are large, armored, fast-moving, with prominent, powerful, sharp mandibles. Some are diurnal predators in semi-arid habitats, some are nocturnal.

Contrary to other "Symphyta", the antennae insert near the lower edge of the compound eyes and close to the mandible. The mandibles are orthognathous and lack evident teeth. The number of palpomeres of the maxilla and the labium varies and is used as a taxonomic character. On the wings, some cross-veins are reduced in comparison with the more complete venation of other basal Hymenoptera.

Nealiolus curculionis has a body length of just under . It has an oval shape, a moderately-curved carapace and a transverse clypeus, and the third tergite is finely sculpted with longitudinal lines. The color is basically black apart from the legs, which are brown, the dark brown antennae, the brown clypeus and mandibles, the brown ovipositor and the dark brown tip of the abdomen.

The antennae are 11 segmented with a weak club formed by the last three segments. The large mandibles, small eyes, the eltra and pronotum of the same width, and a tarsal formula of 4-4-4 make them distinctive. Larvae and adults are found mainly inside fallen logs. †Vetuprostomis consimilis is an extinct member described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber found in northern Myanmar.

Skimmers have different-sized mandibles, the lower one being used to skim the water's surface for small fish. Ducks have developed an assortment of angling skills. Some dabble, like the mallard, while others are of a more streamlined design and are at home underwater, such as the merganser. Waders, which specialise in feeding on mud flats at low tide, include avocets, godwits, dowitchers and sanderlings.

Ectopocynus ("strange dog") is an extinct genus of bone crushing canid which inhabited North America from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene. It lived from 33.3—16.0 Ma and existed for approximately .Paleobiology Database: Ectopocynus Remains of Ectopocynus are limited to mandibles and teeth only. These reveal that the animal had simple, robust, and blunt yet massive premolars and reduced or lost cusps on the lower molars.

In all three species the broad abdomen rests against the thorax with a single node petiole connecting. The eyes are sometimes not present on worker caste individuals, but in all castes where they are present they are placed just behind the mid length of the head capsule. In the known gynes the antennae are twelve segments and geniculate in structure, while the mandibles are triangular.

Paralissotes reticulatus in the wild, Upper Hutt, New Zealand Including mandibles, male beetles have a length of 12.7-21.8 mm; female beetles from 13.8-21.3 mm. The beetle ranges from small to medium-sized with a glossy black exoskeleton. The reticulate name has its origin in the reticulate pattern of depressed scaly areas and non-scaly areas. Its head is widest in front of the eyes.

The genus name Haidomyrmodes was coined by Perrichot et al as a combination of Haidomyrmex, the type genus for Haidomyrmecini, and the suffix -odes meaning "with the form of". The specific epithet mammuthus is a reference to the resemblance between the species' mandibles and the tusks of a mammoth. Haidomyrmodes is one of five genera in Haidomyrmecini, the other four being Ceratomyrmex, Linguamyrmex, Haidomyrmex, and Haidoterminus.

Zigrasimecia is an extinct genus of ants which existed in the Cretaceous period approximately 98 million years ago. The first specimens were collected from Burmese amber in Kachin State, west of Myitkyina town in Myanmar. In 2013, palaeoentomologists Phillip Barden and David Grimaldi published a paper describing and naming Zigrasimecia tonsora. They described a dealate female with unusual features, notably the highly specialized mandibles.

Zigrasimecia was possibly a generalist predator. It is evident that the mandibles were highly specialized. Like other Cretaceous ants, Zigrasimecia provides further evidence that the extinct ant fauna exhibited a great diversity of feeding behavior. The unusual mouthparts of Zigrasimecia are consistent with other extinct species found in Burmese, French, New Jersey and Canadian deposits, which also show morphologies not seen in extant ants.

Dumérils fringe-fingered lizard eats insects, mainly Saharan silver ants. These have large soldiers with saber-like mandibles for defending against the lizard.Mathieu Molet, Vincent Maicher, Christian Peeters: Bigger helpers in the ant Cataglyphis bombycina: increased worker polymorphism or novel soldier caste? If the lizard cannot dig up the underground colony, it places its burrow near the colony to exploit over a longer time.

The upper mandibles of the males are very robust at the base, finely serrated and longer than the body itself. The eyes are small and the antennae have a whorl of hairs at the apex. The thorax is broad and the anterior and posterior margins are densely ciliated with short pale hairs. Elytrae are chestnut-brown, with slightly greenish iridescent tinges and finely granulated.

H. georgicus).' A more detailed 2008 comparative analysis of the mandibles, taking more anatomical features into account, by Rightmire, Lordkipanidze and palaeoanthropologist Adam Van Arsdale concluded that while the dimorphism between the mandibles was excessive when compared to modern humans, and to some chimpanzees, it was comparable to (or in cases, less than) the dimorphism between gorillas. They concluded that "in our view, there are currently no compelling anatomical grounds for sorting any of the Dmanisi fossils to other than a single species", but noted that this species would have possessed sexual dimorphism greater than more recent Homo.' Preferring the designation of H. erectus, the researchers noted that although H. erectus is generally held to not be this diamorphic, some fossils, such as smaller skulls recovered at Ileret and Olorgesailie in Kenya and larger skulls recovered at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania and Bouri, Ethiopia, could disprove this notion.

148, 150 In a 1986 paper, however, Bronisław Wołoszyn described the population as a new species, Miniopterus tao, after examining two mandibles in the collections of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He did place the species in the "schreibersii group" of Miniopterus, but considered it unlikely to be ancestral to living M. schreibersii.Wołoszyn, 1986, p. 209 The specific name, tao, refers to the Chinese philosophical concept, the Tao.

Wołoszyn described the species on the basis of two mandibles, one damaged and with the third premolar (p3) through third molar (m3), and the other intact and with the fourth premolar (p4) through second molar (m2). Miniopterus tao is a large member of the "schreibersii group" and about as large as Miniopterus rummeli from the Miocene of Germany.Ziegler, 2003, p. 487 The mandible is robust and generally resembles M. schreibersii.

Vespula infernalis parasitises Vespula acadica. Near the dorsal edge of V. infernalis mandibles, there is a fourth marginal tooth whereas the host, V. acadica has three. When researchers dissected individuals of V. infernalis, they found that they had larger, sturdier mature muscle bundles in abdominal sterna and tergum than the muscles in a queen of V. acadica. As a result, it was more difficult to dissect V. infernalis.

Eggs are smaller than the size of the adult suggests, whitish, and long with a gentle curve, narrowing to a rounded point. The first instar of the larva has a forked abdominal tip that allows it to crawl inside the nest cell. The head capsule is pigmented and its abdomen is slender. It possesses long sickle-shaped mandibles that enable it to destroy any other eggs or larvae in the cell.

In millipedes, the second maxillae have been lost, reducing the mouthparts to only the first maxillae which have fused together to form a gnathochilarium, acting as a lower lip to the buccal cavity and the mandibles which have been enlarged and specialized greatly, used for chewing food. The gnathochilarium is richly infused with chemosensory and tactile receptors along its edge.Hopkin, S. P. and Read, H. J. 1992. The Biology of Millipedes.

The species is found only in warm springs, in surface flowing water from 60–84 degrees Fahrenheit. The species attaches itself to the underside of rocks or clings to watercress and feeds on algae on the gravel bottom of the spring using their mandibles. They are non–migratory, and their lack of wings makes their dispersal opportunities limited, but are most likely long–lived, with lifespans of greater than a year.

In order to dig the actual burrow, P. gibbosus uses its tarsi and mandibles to dig a shaft that is at least two feet in length. The shaft culminates in an oval shaped cell in which eggs are provisioned. Other oval shaped cells line the shaft which are smaller in size and contain the skeletons of other bees that were killed and fed to the larvae as nutrients.

Polistes associus. Male, front view Polistes associus can reach a body length of about in females, of about in workers.Erol Yildirim, Hikmet Ozbek Polistinae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Turkey These wasps are characterized by very light eyes, the ocelli arranged according to an equilateral triangle, completely black mandibles and yellow lateral parts (genae) of the head. The dorsal surface of antennae is black in both sexes, with wide and deep longitudinal groove.

The body is elongated and cylindrical, with a postanal telson at the end. The mouthparts are entognathous (enclosed within the head capsule) and consist of thin mandibles and maxillae. There are no cerci at the end of the abdomen, which gives the group their name, from the Greek proto- (meaning "first", in this case implying primitive), and ura, meaning "tail". The first three abdominal segments bear limb-like appendages called "styli".

Prionomyrmex is an extinct genus of bulldog ants in the subfamily Myrmeciinae of the family Formicidae. It was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1868, after he collected a holotype worker of P. longiceps in Baltic amber. Three species are currently described, characterised by their long mandibles, slender bodies and large size. These ants are known from the Eocene and Late Oligocene, with fossil specimens only found around Europe.

Plesiopithecus was then placed within a new superfamily, Plesiopithecoidea tentatively under "Infraorder cf. Lorisiformes". The superfamily has also been grouped under the infraorder Lemuriformes. As of 2010, P. teras was represented by a nearly complete and partially crushed cranium and three partial mandibles. Prior to Simons' discovery of the right jaw, one of its molars had been found a few years earlier and incorrectly attributed to an Eocene lorisoid.

The antennae arises between the eye and the mandibles and in the Tenebrionidae, the antennae rise in front of a notch that breaks the usually circular outline of the compound eye. They are segmented and usually consist of 11 parts, the first part is called the scape and the second part is the pedicel. The other segments are jointly called the flagellum. Beetles have mouthparts like those of grasshoppers.

Adult members of this species range in size from 2-3 inches in body length. There are green, yellow, and brown varieties, with subadults and adults tending to have dark transverse bands on the top of the abdomen. The wings of both sexes are mottled or suffused with dark brown or black and the hindwings are purplish. The inner forelegs are orangish, and there are some black spots near the mandibles.

The body of the worker termite is small, white, and translucent as are the limbs. The soldier is larger and also white, but the ovoid head, the forward-pointing mandibles, the prothorax, and the front segments of the abdomen are dark brown. Two small pale spots are on the head adjacent to the antennae. On the forehead is an opening called a fontanelle which can extrude a white defensive secretion.

A lateral white stripe extends from the body to the tail, and a single spiracle is visible from the anus.Anonymous,"Eastern Narrow- mouthed Toad, Gastrophryne Carolinensis", USGS National Wetlands Research Center, U.S. Department of the Interior, 23 Oct. 2009 They lack beak-like mandibles and the specialized labial tooth generally associated with most tadpoles. The newly transformed toads range from 7–12 mm (0.3-0.5 in) in body length.

The baleen whale fossils comprise a complete skeleton, including the skull, baleen, mandibles, flippers, and vertebral column. The holotype fossils are housed in a private collection, belonging to Allejandro Pezzia Asserto, while a paratype is stored in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, Germany. The skull of the whale has a length of and a width of and intermediate in size between Balaenoptera acutorostrata and B. borealis.Demeré et al.

Microhodotermes is a genus of southern African harvester termites in the Hodotermitidae. As with harvester termites in general, they have serrated inner edges to their mandibles, and all castes have functional compound eyes. Species of this genus are desert specialists of the Namib, Kalahari and Karoo, where their ranges overlap with Hodotermes. They forage at night and during daylight hours, and their pigmented workers are often observed outside the nest.

Mecoptera are small to medium-sized insects with long beaklike rostra, membranous wings and slender, elongated bodies. They have relatively simple mouthparts, with a long labium, long mandibles and fleshy palps, which resemble those of the more primitive true flies. Like many other insects, they possess compound eyes on the sides of their heads, and three ocelli on the top. The antennae are filiform (thread- shaped) and contain multiple segments.

They may also hang upside down to reach prey on vertical tree surfaces. Prey are often mashed or struck on a branch between the mandibles before feeding on them or prior to feeding young. The contact call is a series of about five low intensity que while these were of higher intensity in territorial fights. The alarm call is a churrrr and a similar call is also delivered prior to roosting.

Microgale macpheei is known from two specimens: a damaged cranium (skull without mandibles, or lower jaws) lacking the back part (the parietal bones and further back) as well as the incisors, canines, and second premolars; and another damaged cranium lacking the same parts as well as the left toothrow. Both show no evidence of ongoing tooth replacement, indicating that the permanent dentition is complete.Goodman et al., 2007, pp.

Mandibles are two- toothed and are very large in males, longer than the head; they are much shorter in females. The upper side of the jaw is covered with coarse, wrinkled punctation, and the lower jaw and lower lip have thick shaggy orange felt. Pronotum is convex, with narrow spines on its sides; the spines are longer in females than males. Scutellum is densely covered with yellowish hairs.

In contrast, the smallest is likely the Australian Limbodessus atypicali of subterranean waters, which only is about long. Most are dark brown, blackish, or dark olive in color with golden highlights in some subfamilies. The larvae are commonly known as water tigers due to their voracious appetite. They have short, but sharp mandibles and immediately upon biting, they deliver digestive enzymes into prey to suck their liquefied remains.

The globular compound eyes each have up to 28000 ommatidia and provide sharp color vision; On the forehead there are three ocelli, which can distinguish light from dark, and help with orientation in flight. The two short antennae are tactile receptors. The mouthparts are on the underside of the head and include simple chewing mandibles. Exoskeleton of head, thorax, and first two abdominal segments: A. Austrophlebia costalis (dragonfly), female; dorsal view.

The adult female oystershell scale is up to four millimetres long, elongated, tapering to a point at the posterior end and often slightly curved, somewhat resembling a mussel shell. The upper side is a banded, brown, waxy scale and the underside is cream coloured. There are no eyes or legs and the short antennae have only a single segment. The mandibles are lengthened into a stylet adapted for sucking sap.

Two pairs of well- developed antennae are used to swim through the water. In addition, there is a pair of mandibles and two pairs of maxillae. The thorax typically has two pairs of appendages, but these are reduced to a single pair, or entirely absent, in many species. The two "rami", or projections, from the tip of the tail, point downwards and slightly forward from the rear of the shell.

Predator: Requiem (2007). The Predalien shares many characteristics with its hosts, such as long hair-like appendages, mandibles, skin color, and similar vocalizations. It is a large, bulky creature, and possesses physical strength greater than that of human-spawned Aliens. Like human-born Aliens, it is also shown to be stronger than its host species, as evidenced by its ability to pin, push, and knock a Predator away with ease.

The mouthparts of orthopteran insects are often used as a basic example of mandibulate (chewing) mouthparts, and the mandibles themselves are likewise generalized in structure. They are large and hardened, shaped like pinchers, with cutting surfaces on the distal portion and chewing or grinding surfaces basally. They are usually lined with teeth and move sideways. Large pieces of leaves can therefore be cut and then pulverized near the actual mouth opening.

Adult rice weevils are able to fly, and can live for up to two years. Females lay 2-6 eggs per day and up to 300 over their lifetime. The female uses strong mandibles to chew a hole into a grain kernel after which she deposits a single egg within the hole, sealing it with secretions from her ovipositor. The larva develops within the grain, hollowing it out while feeding.

Corydalus (also transcribed corydalis) comes from the Greek (κορυδαλλις) meaning a crested lark or the flower, larkspur, apparently related to Greek corys (κορυς) a helmet crest.Borror, D. J. Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms, Mayfield Publishing Company, 1960. , Cite: 20598 The name probably refers to the long mandibles of the male which might be considered to resemble the crest of a lark, or perhaps, the decorative crests of a helmet.

Lateral pores small, oval, and marginal. Anal piece large, transverse-oval or semicircular, much wider than long, and much wider than the reflected borders of the eighth segment. Mandibles short, similar in the two sexes ; first joint furnished at the base below with an acute tooth. Palpi simple ; femur, patella, and tibia without any process and without projecting angles ; maxillary lobe provided at the base with two strong, conical teeth.

According to Knutsen (2012), Bardet et al. (1993) referred two additional mandibles to P. brachyspondylus based solely on a similar number of dentary and symphyseal teeth; BHN 2R.370, collected at the Moulin-Wibert quarry, from the Rasenia cymodoce ammonite zone of the Calcaires de Moulin- Wibert Formation of Nord-Pas-de-Calais, and MNHN cat.24.1 collected at Le Havre, Normandy, both from the early Kimmeridgian of France.

Trigona fuscipennis workers are completely black with one narrow red band just before the apex of the mandibles. They have a short and broad metasoma and a body length of about 5 mm. The antennae do not have the erect black bristles found in other bee species. They are easily mistaken for T. corvina though they are smaller, have slightly different mandible color and do not have erect black bristles.

Also unlike insects, they have fanged jaws instead of mandibles. Their skulls are triangular and flat, with a birthmark (such as the battle axe which is most common in broodlings but are different for each Brood) between their large eyes. Their two front legs are actually long tentacles they can use to manipulate objects. Due to their natural body armor and teeth, the Brood are very dangerous in combat.

The leg is dark bluish grey and the iris is brown. Shufeldt described the skeletal features of a specimen from Luzon as being typical of jacanas but that the skull resembles in some ways to those of sandpipers. The skull and mandibles are slightly pneumatized unlike other bones and the sternum has a notch on the side which serve as attachment points to long and slender xiphoidal processes.

The strong bill is short and the gape wide, particularly in the fruit eating quetzals, with a slight hook at the end. There is also a notch at the end of the bill and many species have slight serrations in the mandibles. The skin is exceptionally tender, making preparation of study skins difficult for museum curators. The skeletons of trogons are surprisingly slender, particularly the skulls which are very thin.

Casea represents one of the first large and highly successful herbivores among terrestrial reptiles. Among vertebrates this feeding strategy can be subdivided into many categories, including folivory, frugivory, granivory but among early terrestrial vertebrates, it is feeding on leaves, stems, roots and rhizomes. Herbivorous use massive crushing dentition on the palate and mandibles. Caseids belong to the most basal clade of synapside, the Caseasuria, which also includes the small carnivorous eothrydids.

The elytra display a row of furrows with slight depressions, and the animal's ventral side is also covered with scales. The powerful legs have a thick covering of hair on the tarsi, which have no claws. The larvae are long; they are white, round and wrinkled, with a few hairs on their sides, and a red–brown head with black mandibles. To date, the pupa has not been described.

The body of the nymph is cylindrical with a flattened head. The antennae are on the ventral side of the head and the small mandibles do not bear any tusks. The sides of the head and the prothorax are spiny. None of the legs have claws; the front pair are palp- like and the remaining pairs are spiny and protect the gills, which are on the ventral surface of the abdomen.

At the tip of the abdomen there are two prolegs, each with a dorsal filament and a pair of terminal hooks which enables the larva to anchor itself in fast-flowing water. The mandibles are sclerotised and powerful. The pupae are orange in colour with dark patches on the upper side of the abdomen and are covered with minute bristles. The developing limbs, wings and antennae project outside the pupal covering.

The type species is Dolichoderus attelaboides. Worker ants in this genus have a body length that is typically about four millimetres and can be recognised by their thick, inflexible and strongly sculptured integument. There is a flange on the underside of the head near the base of the mandibles which is saw-like in some species. The longitudinal suture in the central plate of the metathorax is deeply impressed.

There are two morphs of male Lasioglossum hemichalceum: those with typical proportions and small in size, or those referred to as macrocephalic. Macrocephalic morphology is characterized by a disproportionately large head and mandibles. Macrocephalic males have wider heads than both females and small males and also have a heavier weight when they are pupae than most female pupae. Small males typically live away from the nest, while macrocephalic males remain inside.

Unlike other species of Lasiolgossum,L. hemichalceum rarely display agonistic behaviors towards another. Agonistic behaviors typically include patterns such as lunging or moving their bodies in the shape of a C while pointing the stinger and mandibles towards the offender. Typically the C-shaped body (also known as C-posture) behavioral pattern was observed in about 19% of conflicts, and even fewer in terms of the lunging pattern.

Unlike honeybees, they do not have pollen baskets on their hind legs. Most bees in the genus are small to medium in size, although M. pluto at 38 mm is regarded as the largest bee in the world. Many bees in the genus are referred to as leafcutters. However, the mandibles of M. campanulae lack cutting edges; it belongs to the subgenus Chelostomoides, which use mud or resins to build.

Front of insect head diagram The mandibles have 4 tooth-like (dentate) ridges, which lack cutting edges. The compound eyes are nearly vertically aligned, but converge slightly towards front of the face or apex. The lateral ocelli are located closer to the compound eyes than to the vertex margin. One each side of the midline, there are distinct ridges (tubercles) located along the margin of the lower facial plate (clypeus).

There are significant differences between the skulls of robust and gracile capuchins, particularly among males. These differences include the shape of the nasal aperture and the shape of the mandible. The canine teeth are also different; robust capuchins' canines are shorter and more robust than those of gracile capuchins. Male robust capuchins also have a sagittal crest, which is lacking in gracile capuchins, and larger, thicker mandibles than gracile capuchins.

This species of crossbill is resident, and is not known to migrate. It will form flocks outside the breeding season, often mixed with other crossbills. The crossbills are characterised by the mandibles crossing at their tips, which gives the group its English name. They are specialist feeders on conifer cones, and the unusual bill shape is an adaptation to assist the extraction of the seeds from the cone.

Most species of Pheidole are dimorphic, which means that colonies contain two castes of workers: the "minor" workers, and the "major" workers, or "soldiers". The latter generally have much larger heads and mandibles in comparison to their usually fairly modest body size. In addition, as in other ant species, a colony may contain one or several queens and also, in mature colonies, alates, virgin winged females and males.

Large workers are colloquially known as soldiers and do most of the colony defense and incapacitation of large prey. The soldier caste is roughly a centimeter in length, with an enlarged head to house powerful serrated mandibles. The smallest workers are three times smaller than the soldiers, only reaching an average length of 2.5mm. They are lighter colored than their larger relatives and lack the large protruding jaws.

If proven, this would explain their ability to attack en masse. Foraging workers are regularly observed on the inflorescences of Prasophyllum alpinum (mostly pollinated by wasps of the subfamily Ichneumonidae). Although pollinia are often seen in the ants' jaws, they have a habit of cleaning their mandibles on the leaves and stems of nectar-rich plants before moving on, preventing pollen exchange. Whether jack jumper ants contribute to pollination is unknown.

The maxillary galeae are modified and form an elongated proboscis. The proboscis consists of one to five segments, usually kept coiled up under the head by small muscles when it is not being used to suck up nectar from flowers or other liquids. Some basal moths still have mandibles, or separate moving jaws, like their ancestors, and these form the family Micropterigidae. The larvae, called caterpillars, have a toughened head capsule.

Schramidontus had a subcylindrical smooth carapace and a triangular telson. It had two pairs of grasping maxillipeds, the second being twice as big as the first, that it could use to bring prey to the maxillae, maxillulae and its large mandibles. This feature was not present in its only close relative, Angustidontus, which probably used its maxillipeds to hit and hold its prey. In addition, Schramidontus had six pairs of pereiopods.

Lister, 2007. pp. 88–91 Isotope analysis shows that woolly mammoths fed mainly on C3 plants, unlike horses and rhinos. Mandibles and lower molars, Barcelona Scientists identified milk in the stomach and faecal matter in the intestines of the mammoth calf "Lyuba". The faecal matter may have been eaten by "Lyuba" to promote development of the intestinal microbes necessary for digestion of vegetation, as is the case in modern elephants.

It possessed a metapleural gland, a feature unique to ants. Furthermore, it was wingless and had a petiole which was ant-like in form. The mandibles were short and wasp-like with only two teeth, the gaster was constricted, and the middle and hind legs had double tibial spurs. The antennae were, in form, midway between the wasps and ants, having a short first segment but a long flexible funiculus.

Bees use their antennae, mandibles and legs to manipulate the wax during comb construction, while actively warming the wax. During the construction of hexagonal cells, wax temperature is between 33.6 and 37.6°C, well below the 40°C temperature at which wax is assumed to be liquid for initiating new comb construction. The body temperature of bees is a factor for regulating an ideal wax temperature for building the comb.

The best-known species is the Parktown prawn, not to be confused with the well-known Koringkrieke or armoured ground crickets, which never have been in the family Anostostomatidae. Henicus monstrosus is a nocturnal anostostomatid. The males are unusual in their anatomy; their heads are disproportionately large and bear forward-directed prongs. They have extremely long, curved mandibles that are functional, but seem to play no part in the eating process.

Large ocelli are always present. A winged female bulldog ant in left Queens are usually larger than the workers, but are similar in colour and body shape. The head, node, and postpetiole are broader in the queen, and the mandibles are shorter and also broad. Myrmecia queens are unique in that particular species either have fully winged queens, queens with poorly developed wings, or queens without any wings.

Banded sugar ants appear in different forms, varying from in length, making them a large species. Banded sugar ants are polymorphic, and colonies have two types of workers: minor workers and major workers that have different size ranges. The two castes can be identified easily, due to the workers being smaller and more slender, while the soldiers are larger and more robust. Both castes carry a set of powerful mandibles.

Many species are readily identified using the characteristics of the soldiers' larger and darker head and large mandibles. Among certain termites, soldiers may use their globular (phragmotic) heads to block their narrow tunnels. Different sorts of soldiers include minor and major soldiers, and nasutes, which have a horn-like nozzle frontal projection (a nasus). These unique soldiers are able to spray noxious, sticky secretions containing diterpenes at their enemies.

Among all predators, ants are the greatest enemy to termites. Some ant genera are specialist predators of termites. For example, Megaponera is a strictly termite-eating (termitophagous) genus that perform raiding activities, some lasting several hours. Paltothyreus tarsatus is another termite-raiding species, with each individual stacking as many termites as possible in its mandibles before returning home, all the while recruiting additional nestmates to the raiding site through chemical trails.

Camponotus hyatti is a species of carpenter ant. The species is native to the northern Pacific coast, from Oregon to the Baja California Peninsula. The species is characterized by its five-toothed mandibles and the smooth, shiny appearance of its clypeus, as well as a pronounced metanotal groove, lending the basal surface of the propodeum a distinct convex appearance. It commonly nests in sagebrush, Yucca, manzanita, and oak.

Males of some species of carpenter bees have a white or yellow face, unlike bumblebees, while females lack the bare corbicula of bumblebees; the hind leg is entirely hairy. The wing venation is characteristic; the marginal cell in the front wing is narrow and elongated, and its apex bends away from the costa. The front wing has small stigma. When closed, the bee's short mandibles conceal the labrum.

The "Doom Ray" apparently takes three days to disintegrate a single person and a week to recharge. The princess bears a remarkable resemblance to Lucrezia Borgia. As revealed in "Artifact", they gained a space-faring capability after half of the population was sold as food to an insectoid species to 'grind up in their mandibles to feed to their larval young.' The King described this as a good trade.

The Cyrtopone queens from Messel are described as having approximate body lengths ranging between . Species have heads that are distinctly small, the mesosoma being about 2 times greater in length. The subtriangular mandibles are up to one half the head length and have toothed chewing faces. Like Protopone species, the antennae sockets are widely placed on the head, in contrast to those seen in Pachycondyla which are close together.

The exoskeleton of Geodorcus capito varies in colour from glossy black to brownish black. Adults show distinct sexual dimorphism. Including mandibles, male beetles range in length from 17.0–27.0 mm; females from 15.0–19.5 mm. Male and female beetles can be distinguished by the distinct ribbed elytra with obvious branching setae on the male beetle, whilst a female beetle has more vague ribbed elytra and barely visible setae.

The queens are the largest while the males are the smallest, which can be easily identified due to their small mandibles. Mainly nocturnal M. nigriceps is found in hot hilly areas and woodland, nesting underground in mounds. The ant's diet consists of sweet liquids from flowering plants and invertebrate prey, which are fed to the carnivorous larvae. Spiders are known to eat these ants, and echidnas consume the larvae and pupae.

The head and gaster are black, and the thorax, node, and postpetiole are either red or yellowish red, while the antennae and legs are either yellow or testaceous. The mandibles and clypeus are also yellow. The hair is short and yellow in colour, erect on the body and suberect on the legs. The pubescence (short, fine, soft hair) is white and abundant all over the postpetiole and gaster.

The wings are yellowish in colour and translucent in appearance. Males are the smallest members of the colony and can be easily identifiable by their perceptibly smaller mandibles. The hairs on males are the longest and most abundant among the worker and queen castes, with a long and broad head. M. nigriceps is similar in appearance to M. vindex, but several morphological characters distinguish these two species from each other.

Once the latch is released, all of the energy stored is quickly released and the mandibles close, very similar to a crossbow when fired. The trigger muscles found in O. bauri are also found in the fastest synchronous muscles of cicadas. The muscles appear to have been sculpted for fast contraction. This is because the sarcomere length, which is the fundamental unit of muscle structure, is similar in length.

Adephaga such as Megadromus antarcticus are also characterized by being well- proportioned with prominent mandibles, long slender legs and straight elyra. Adephaga are cursorial beetles which means they are adapted specifically for running. Megadromus antarcticus is considered black - greenish with the brims of the pronotum and elytra a metallic green colour. This colouring gives Megadromus antarcticus a fascinating appearance which has also been referred to as iridescent green.

Armandisaurus explorator is an extinct species of iguanid that lived in what is now Santa Fe County, New Mexico, in the Early Middle Miocene period. The fossil specimen is a well-preserved cranium with mandibles and parts of seven cervical vertebrae collected by J. C. Blick in 1940. Fossil evidence suggests that A. explorator was a blunt, medium-sized iguana that grew to about 61 cm (24 in) including its tail.

The holotype queen is approximately with the wings absent from the fossil. The head capsule is rectangular, being shorter in width than it is long. The rear corners are rounded, the back edge is convex and the sides of the head are faintly concave. The mandibles have four total teeth on the chewing margins, and the antennae scapes do not extend further than the middle point of the large eyes.

USDA-ARS and the University of Wisconsin, 1995 They are small insects, reaching a length of about of an inch. Their name originates from their distinguishable, sawtooth- like projections found on each side of the thorax. The body of the beetle is flat and slender in shape, and brown in color. The size and shape of the mandibles allow the beetles to easily break through well-sealed packaged foods.

Kamoyapithecus is known exclusively by its teeth and jaws. The type specimen, KNM-LS 7, was a right maxillary jaw fragment found during the expedition in 1948. Through this fossil as well as more recent fragments of mandibles and teeth, it has been found that Kamoyapithecus had very large and robust anterior teeth. The incisors are found to be compressed on the sides, but expanded from top to bottom.

The fossils have been preserved three-dimensionally, not strongly compressed on a slab. In 2014, the wrist of one specimen was described, IVPP V14009, an adult.Xing Xu, Fenglu Han & Qi Zhao, 2014, "Homologies and homeotic transformation of the theropod ‘semilunate’ carpal", Scientific Reports 4, Article number: 6042 Doi:10.1038/srep06042 In 2018, PMOL-AD00102, consisting of a partial skull and mandibles, and six cervical vertebrae, was referred to the taxon.

A bird's beak is primarily made of bone as projections of the mandibles which are covered in keratin. A deer's antlers are composed of bone which is an unusual example of bone being outside the skin of the animal once the velvet is shed. The extinct predatory fish Dunkleosteus had sharp edges of hard exposed bone along its jaws.cmnh.org Many animals possess an exoskeleton that is not made of bone.

Z. ferox mandibles The body length of Z. ferox varies from . The head in Z. ferox is broad and crescent- shaped when viewed dorsally. The frons (upper part of the insect face) is strongly convex, meaning it curves outwards and the vertexal margin concaves (curves in); it concaves either regularly or strongly. When viewing the full face, the clypeal margin (the border of the clypeus) is broad and concave.

The sides are convex and small, yet protruding eyes are present. The posterior corners are round and the base of the ants' mandibles are concealed by the large expansion of the gena (area below the compound eyes, the insect equivalent to human cheeks). The clypeus is shallow and transverse, and 48 denticles that decrease in length can be seen on the clypeal margin. The denticles are peg-shaped with rounded apices.

The antennae on larvae have basal segments that are slightly shorter of subequal to the remaining segments, with sensorium on the apex of segment 2. The labroclypeus has several smaller central teeth and two larger teeth on each side. The mandibles are symmetrical, and both have two inner teeth. Larvae also have well developed legs, and the ligula is subequal to the length of the first palpal segment.

Males of some species are attracted to lights during some parts of the season and are thought to disperse from one ant nest to another. Males are thought to be short-lived. These beetles feed on ant eggs, larvae and adults by piercing their mandibles into the abdomen or other soft part and sucking the contents. Apart from chemical mimicry and communication with their hosts, they also make use of vibrations.

14 (8): 20180130. It includes one species, Paludidraco multidentatus. Paludidraco is thought to possibly have been a filter-feeding marine reptile, and was about 2.5 metres long. The fossils, one relatively complete skull and partial postcranial skeleton and one partial skull and mandibles, were found in the El Atance site in Guadalajara, Central Spain at the Keuper Facies horizon, the border of the Carnian and Norian periods of the Triassic.

M. inquilina is a large species, though it is smaller than its host. The body length of the ant is , the head including the clypeus is , the antennal scape and the diameter of the eyes are . The mandibles are slender with four to five acutely shaped teeth. The antennae are morphologically similar to M. vindex, but it is smaller in comparison; the petiole node is also longer and wider.

Bombus muscorum drinking nectar with its long proboscis Hymenopterans range in size from very small to large insects, and usually have two pairs of wings. Their mouthparts are adapted for chewing, with well-developed mandibles (ectognathous mouthparts). Many species have further developed the mouthparts into a lengthy proboscis, with which they can drink liquids, such as nectar. They have large compound eyes, and typically three simple eyes, ocelli.

She then, after mating, leaves the column and forages for a suitable Formica nest. Howard Topoff evaluated how the queen takes over a colony. After finding a Formica nest, she finds an entrance and is immediately attacked by Formica workers. The queen responds by biting with her sharp mandibles and releasing a pheromone from her enlarged Dufour's gland that, unlike many other parasitic ants, has a pacifying effect.

Body is cylindrical with each thoracic and abdominal segment having a swollen transverse ridge; an enlarged head holds gouge-like mandibles (biting jaws) which are large but short and dark brown to black. Many minute rigid brown hairs line the lateral margins, especially towards the head. When disturbed, larvae are able to move surprisingly fast due to dorsal and ventral muscle ridges gripping its surroundings. Pupae: Approximately 20-25mm long.

When small insects such as ants or spiders crawl on the nest the wasp responds by grabbing them in her mandibles and dropping to the ground. It is usually not necessary for her to try to keep these insects out of the nest as they are rarely seen to try and enter. Once there are some workers in a young nest the queen and workers cooperate to defend it.

They have relatively large bodies covered in minute hairs and their hairless heads are quite small, a characteristic called stenocephaly; this feature evolved to help large groups of larvae feed on one centipede body at once Their mandibles also developed to help them feed; they are directed outwards and armed with sharp teeth, enabling the larvae to eat without assistance from the workers. Another unusual structure lies on the ventral or bottom side of the first segment of the larvae's thorax, also called their prothorax; workers grab on to this with their lower mouthparts, which are distinct from their mandibles, when transporting larvae during migration. The “larval hemolymph tap” is the Leptanilla larvae's most unusual feature and was formerly thought to be a spiracle. Their spiracles are simply very, very small. The “tap” consists of a duct that connects to their hemolymph, with an opening surrounded by a small hairless area on the fourth abdominal segment.

This work was the first attempt to include Tatuidris as a terminal taxon in a morphological cladistic analysis. In their study, Baroni Urbani & de Andrade (2007) identified six morphological synapomorphies shared between Tatuidris and the dacetines, justifying the inclusion of the genus within Myrmicinae. These characters included: # mandibles at rest opposing at least in part, instead of crossing # a mandibular-torular index < 130 # reduction of maxillary palps from double-jointed to single-jointed # reduced male mandibles # presence of a two-segmented antennal club # reduced number of antennal joints In addition, two autapomorphies (a differently shaped petiolar tergum and sternum, and the eyes at or close to the apex of the antennal scrobe) separated Tatuidris from all other extant ant genera included in their study. Unlike phylogenetic studies based on morphological traits, molecular analyses of the internal phylogeny of the ants have given strong evidence that the armadillo ants are neither closely related to nor nested within the Myrmicinae.

Symphyla are small, cryptic myriapods without eyes and without pigment. The body is soft and generally long, divided into two body regions: head and trunk. An exceptional size is reached in Hanseniella magna, which attains lengths of . The head has long, segmented antennae, a postantennal organ, three pairs of mouthparts: mandibles, the long first maxillae, and the second pair of maxillae which are fused to form the lower lip or labium of the mouth.

As with their New World counterparts, there is a soldier class among the workers, which is larger, with a very large head and pincer- like mandibles. They are capable of stinging, but very rarely do so, relying instead on their powerful shearing jaws. Driver ant queens constitute the largest living ants known - possibly the largest of which being the queens of Dorylus wilverthi, which can exceed 50 mm (1.96 inches) or more in length.

Rostrum tip Cimex pierces the skin of its host with a stylet fascicle, rostrum, or "beak". The rostrum is composed of the maxillae and mandibles, which have been modified into elongated shapes from a basic, ancestral style. The right and left maxillary stylets are connected at their midline and a section at the centerline forms a large food canal and a smaller salivary canal. The entire maxillary and mandibular bundle penetrates the skin.

For example, Photuris fireflies mimic female Photinus fireflies by scent and glow patterns in order to lure interested male Photinus fireflies, which they then kill and eat. Lophiiformes, or anglerfish, are also famous for their use of escas as bait for small unsuspecting fish. Two examples of predator–prey signaling were found in caterpillars and ground squirrels. When physically disturbed, Lepidoptera larvae produce a clicking noise with their mandibles followed by an unpalatable oral secretion.

Similarly, the mouthparts of Siphonaptera, some Diptera and Thysanoptera superficially resemble the rostrum of the Hemiptera, but on closer inspection the differences are considerable. Aside from the mouthparts, various other insects can be confused with Hemiptera, but they all have biting mandibles and maxillae instead of the rostrum. Examples include cockroaches and psocids, both of which have longer, many-segmented antennae, and some beetles, but these have fully hardened forewings which do not overlap.

The differences in colour are obtained by more completely enclosing the sand grains in pale silk in the paler areas and leaving more of the grains exposed to form the darker dorsum. The head end of the larval case is closed by an operculum. On the underside of the operculum the larva spins a mat of silk. This may be grasped by the mandibles of the larva and pulled down to close the aperture.

This species exhibits an instinctive and unique hunting method for catching ants. The spider will align its abdomen and thorax so that it directly faces the ant, and then strafe in an arc until the ant is directly facing the spider. Once aligned, the spider will leap and puncture the ant on the dorsal side of the head or thorax. In this position, the dangerous mandibles and stinger are incapable of inflicting damage.

D. villosus is omnivorous and feeds on a variety of invertebrates, including other members of the Gammaridae family. It has been found to kill blue-tailed damselfly nymphs, water hoglice, water boatman, fish leeches as well as small fish and the eggs of other vertebrates. Often it only kills prey but does not eat it. It kills its prey by biting it with its large mandibles and then shreds it before eating it.

Also missing from the specimen is the left trigger setae, left antenna and the right antenna after the seventh segment. The legs are present but detached from the body. The single H. scimitarus specimen is a preserved dealate queen with a total body length of , making H. scimitarus the largest of the three species. The mandibles are a distinct scythe shape, with a more distinct curve, rather the defined angle found in H. cerberus.

The mandibles are positioned parallel to each other with the bases closely positioned to each other. The protruding clypeus is large and has a roughly pentagonal shape and two pairs of long fine trigger hairs on the ventral side. The gaster is long with telescoping tergites and a fully retractable sting in length. The smallest species of the three is H. zigrasi, with a length of just , under half the length of either other species.

Aega psora is the type species of the genus Aega and was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It reaches in length and is mostly grey, with a faint dorsal stripe. It has slender mandibles and maxillae adapted for sucking blood and some of the setae (bristles) are hooked. The front three pairs of pereiopods (legs) cling on to its host, it inserts its mouthparts and blood is pumped rapidly into the gut.

The unusual morphology of the mandibles suggests that Lenomyrmex is a specialist predator on an unknown prey. This habit is possibly linked to its apparent rarity and restricted elevational distribution. The degree of queen-worker dimorphism is weak, suggesting small colony sizes and absence of claustral independent colony foundation. In a study, a thorough inspection of the dead wood laying on the ground and of soil samples failed to uncover any nest of L. inusitatus.

The Strepsiptera have two major groups: the Stylopidia and Mengenillidia. The Mengenillidia include three extinct families (Cretostylopidae, Protoxenidae, and Mengeidae) plus two extant families (Bahiaxenidae and Mengenillidae; the latter is not monophyletic, however.) They are considered more primitive, and the known females (Mengenillidae only) are free-living, with rudimentary legs and antennae. The females have a single genital opening. The males have strong mandibles, a distinct labrum, and more than five antennal segments.

Large ground-dwelling beetles such as Carabidae, the rhinoceros beetle and the longhorn beetles defend themselves using strong mandibles, or heavily sclerotised (armored) spines or horns to deter or fight off predators. Many species of weevil that feed out in the open on leaves of plants react to attack by employing a drop-off reflex. Some combine it with thanatosis, in which they close up their appendages and "play dead".McHugh (2009), p.

Though incomplete, the P. oligocenica male has an estimated body length of , while the alitrunk is . The head has an almost square outline, being slightly shorter than it is wide, and the rear edge is rounded. The large oval shaped eyes convex in shape, protruding slightly from the head capsule. Neither of the mandibles have any teeth along the edges, and they are placed far apart on the head, preventing touching when they close.

The kazacharthrans are distinguished from tadpole shrimp in that they were much larger (carapace length ranging from 0.6 to 5 centimeters), had uniquely shaped, heavily sclerotized, heavily mineralized carapaces, and plate-shaped telsons The carapace, or headshield had a distinctive pattern of tubercles, typically with a central-anteriorly located tubercle that may or may not have housed the compound eyes, and other, distinctively shaped tubercles that may represent attachment sites for mandibles.

It is known from an incomplete skeleton of an adult (measuring 5.3 m) including maxilla, mandibles, teeth, tusks and other materials have been discovered. The Japanese species S. sendaicus described in 1924 from dentary materials from Pliocene deposits has been ascribed to the genus, as well as the species S. bumiajuensis (formerly Tetralophodon) from the late Pliocene of Java. One individual of S. hanjiangensis was a 30-year-old tall and weighed .

Ceratosuchus was named in 1938 by K. P. Schmidt for a skull from Colorado. Further remains, including additional skulls, mandibles, and cervical armor, was recovered from Wyoming by University of Michigan paleontologists and described by William Bartels in 1984. The skull, of a moderately-size alligatorine, is most notable for its horns, formed by expansion of the bones (squamosals) that formed the rear corners of the skull roof. These horns were bulbous and pointed up.

Oviraptorosaurs to scale Oviraptorosaurians have shortened rostrums, massive, beaklike mandibles, and long parietal bones. With the exception of the 8-meter long Gigantoraptor, they are generally medium- sized and rarely exceeded 2 meters in length. The most primitive members have four pairs of teeth in the premaxillae, such as in Caudipteryx and in Incisivosaurus they are enlarged and form bizarrely prominent bucktoothed incisors. The more advanced members have no teeth in the jaws.

Ebrachosuchus is an extinct genus of basal phytosaur known from the Late Triassic (late Carnian stage) of Bavaria, southern Germany. It is known only from the holotype BSPG 1931 X 501, a complete skull missing both mandibles. It was collected at Ebrach Quarry, bed number 9 from the late Carnian-aged Blasensandstein Member of the Hassberge Formation. It was first named by Oskar Kuhn in 1936 and the type species is Ebrachosuchus neukami.

Cameron saw what he was drawing and said, "I always wanted to see something with mandibles", and Winston subsequently included them in his designs. Schwarzenegger recommended Winston after his experience working on The Terminator. The film's creature was originally designed with a long neck, a dog-like head and a single eye. This design was abandoned when it became apparent that the jungle locations would make shooting the complex design too difficult.

The part of the head which projects in front of the first antennae is known as the rostrum or "beak". The mouthparts are small, and consist of an unpaired labrum, a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae, and an unpaired labium. They are used to eat "organic detritus of all kinds" and bacteria. The thorax bears five or six pairs of lobed, leaf-like appendages, each with numerous hairs or setae.

The Protopone queens from Messel have approximate body lengths ranging between . Species have heads that are up to, but no shorter than the length of the mesosoma. The frons is over 30% of the front area on the head, while the subtriangular mandibles are no more than 70% of the length of the head. The antennae sockets are widely placed on the head, in contrast to those seen in Pachycondyla which are close together.

Workers are up to long. The thorax is constricted and the abdomen inflated, giving them a plump appearance. The head capsule is colourless and the abdomen transparent, so that the gut and its contents can be seen through the cuticle, giving them an overall greyish-colour. Soldiers are a similar size but the larger head capsule is pigmented and armed with black, crescent-shaped mandibles, each with a distinctive tooth on its inner surface.

Multiple intricate chains working in unison are often used to ratchet together large leaves during nest construction. Once the edges of the leaves are drawn together, other workers retrieve larvae from existing nests using their mandibles. Upon reaching a seam to be joined, these workers tap the head of the clutched larvae, which causes them to excrete silk. They can only produce so much silk, so the larva will have to pupate without a cocoon.

Face of X. micans female with visible lateral ocelli. X. micans is a large carpenter bee, ranging between 15 and 19 mm long and 8 and 9.5 mm wide. The body of the bee is generally a metallic black and reflects light with blue or green tinges. The bees have a flat clypeus and relatively short mandibles in addition to a set of lateral ocelli set below the top of the head.

The two epicranial halves are almost triangular and encompass a large tongue-shaped frontal plate that reaches posteriad to the occipital opening. Each side of the head bears six ocelli, with the upper five in a curved line, and the sixth separate more ventral; the latter ocellus is not pigmented like the others. The larval antennae are consist of three merons. The mandibles long and conspicuously pointed in young larvae, more blunt in older larvae.

The Pachycondyla petrosa fossil is possibly either a queen or worker and preserved in lateral positioning. The ant has a body length of approximately and the head is . The alitrunk is long, with the ant being described as being very similar to members of the genus Mesoponera, formerly considered a subgenus of Pachycondyla. Where preserved the generally triangular mandibles have large blocky teeth and comprise less than half the length of the head.

The holotype specimen is a complete adult female preserved with areas of the face, vertex, pronotum, scutellum and metanotum obscured. Overall the female is in length, with antennae that are less than three times the length of the head and macropterous hyaline wings. The antennae are composed of ten segments, densely hairy, and distinctly clavate, (club shaped) in structure. The mandibles have four teeth on each side, which progress from large to small.

H. maori have a harem- polygynous mating system, copulation tends to occur within their rock refuges with the ability to quickly mate with any female who returns to the retreat. Males use their large mandibles in male-male fights for access to harems. To copulate males move alongside females making their attennal in contact with her, they then curve their abdomen towards the females terminalia. Copulation tends to last for a mean of 3.1 minutes.

The odd larval shape of Ithionidae larvae has been, and continues to be, a subject of interest among entomologists. Tillyard suggested the larvae to be carnivorous, preying upon Scarabaeidae larvae, attacking with the large mandibles and "sucking them dry". Further study by Faulkner in 1990 has shown the immature Ithonidae to be phytophagous, a condition unique among neuropterans. The genus Rapisma was formerly considered distinct from the Ithonidae and placed in the monotypic family Rapismatidae.

What little is known suggests that they are neither adapiform nor omomyid primates, two of the earliest primate groups to appear in the fossil record. Deep mandibles and mandibular molars with low, broad crowns suggest they are simians, a group that includes monkeys, apes, and humans, but are not within the two major extant groups of simians, the Catarrhini and Platyrrhini. Most scholars place them in the simiansChaimanee et al. 2000a, Marivaux et al.

Unlike most wasps which are most active during the early morning, V. orientalis is unique in showing a peak of activity during the middle of the day. Oriental hornets dig their nests underground by picking up soil in their mandibles, flying a short distance, dropping the soil, and returning to the nest to continue digging. The hornet's digging is correlated with insolation (solar energy). The more insolation, the more active the hornet.

Similarly, the oldest apeomyine, Zophoapeomys, is smaller and has lower-crowned cheekteeth. The known material of Apeomyoides consists of a number of fragmentary mandibles (lower jaws) and isolated cheekteeth. The length of the first and second lower molars (m1 and m2) ranges from 1.74 to 2.58 mm, the width from 2.08 to 2.33 mm. The fourth upper premolar (P4) has not been recorded, but there is a specimen of its deciduous precursor (DP4).

Prionomyrmecini is an ant tribe belonging to the subfamily Myrmeciinae established by William Morton Wheeler in 1915. Two members are a part of this tribe, the extant Nothomyrmecia and the extinct Prionomyrmex. The tribe was once considered a subfamily due to the similarities between Nothomyrmecia and Prionomyrmex, but such reclassification was not widely accepted by the scientific community. These ants can be identified by their long slender bodies, powerful stingers and elongated mandibles.

Soldiers have much larger heads and specialized mandibles for defense. In lieu of underground excavated nests, colonies of E. burchellii form temporary living nests known as bivouacs, which are composed of hanging live worker bodies and which can be disassembled and relocated during colony emigrations. Eciton burchellii colonies cycle between stationary phases and nomadic phases when the colony emigrates nightly. These alternating phases of emigration frequency are governed by coinciding brood developmental stages.

Behningiidae is a family of mayflies. It is a primitive family; the nymphs burrow in the sediment but lack tusks on their mandibles, and the forelegs are not modified for burrowing. The gills are ventral, and the ones on the first abdominal segment are single and are longer than the gills on the other segments. The forelegs are palp-like and the other two pairs of legs are modified to protect the gills.

Like other spiny lobsters, Panulirus pascuensis feeds at night and is an omnivore and scavenger. Its diet consists of slow moving prey such as molluscs, echinoderms, crustaceans and chitons, supplemented with fish carcases or other carrion. Although it has no crushing claws, its mandibles are powerful and can break open bivalve and gastropod shells. The larvae spend over a year as part of the plankton before settling on the seabed and undergoing metamorphosis into juveniles.

A large specimen can jump more than a metre high. The male insect sports a strong set of tusk- like projections on its mandibles, although the need for them is not fully explained. It is suggested that they may be used in sexual competition between males. The female has a well-developed sword-like ovipositor, through which she may lay between 80 and 200 eggs in damp or wet topsoil during the mating season.

Adult C. pensylvanicus may be infected by the fungus Eryniopsis lampyridarum. Shortly before death, by unknown mechanisms, dying infected beetles tightly clamp their mandibles into flower heads; 15–22 hours later, the fungus caused dead beetles to raise their elytra and expand their metathoracic wings in order to maximise infection of other beetles. With their wings raised, the dead beetles may still attract mates as live males were observed mating with the deceased, infected females.

A young wasp digging out of the ground As the enclosed wasp develops, the pupa darkens. A sharp scratching noise can be heard as the young wasp cuts its way out of the tough cocoon with its strong mandibles. The hatched cocoon contains the remains of the larval skin, pupal skin, and waste from the larval stage and the young wasp. The young wasp then digs its way out of the underground cell.

It also has a more square-shaped head, which is hypothesized to have evolved from the need for robust muscles to power the larger mandibles. Additionally, there is often a black band in the lower half of the clypeus. This trait in particular distinguishes it from its host species P. dominula. P. sulcifer males typically have a more complete coloration of the body than the females, with the colors ranging from yellow to almost white.

In Turkey This is an unusual bunting because the plumages of the sexes are similar in appearance, though the male is approximately 20% larger than the female. This large bulky bunting is 16–19 cm long, with a conspicuously dark eye and yellowish mandibles. Males lack any showy colours, especially on the head, which is otherwise typical of genus Emberiza. Both sexes look something like larks, being streaked grey-brown above with whitish underparts.

E. abductus was described from the holotype, a single elongated piriform female long, clutched in the mandibles of an Acropyga glaesaria adult. Very weakly formed anal lobes are found on segment eight of the abdomen and each lobe has four setae. Setae are also present on the abdominal segments leading to segment eight. The amber was recovered from the La Toca mine group northeast of Santiago de los Caballeros in the Cibao Valley.

The red crested male is on the left. Cockatoos have a large bill, which is kept sharp by rasping the two mandibles together when resting. The bill is complemented by a large muscular tongue which helps manipulate seeds inside the bill so that they can be de- husked before eating. During the de-husking, the lower mandible applies the pressure, the tongue holds the seed in place and the upper mandible acts as an anvil.

Titanoptera is an extinct order of neopteran insects from the Triassic period. Titanopterans were very large in comparison with modern insects, some having wingspans of up to . They were related to modern grasshoppers, but were much larger, had proportionally weaker hindlegs that could not allow the animals to leap, and grasping forelegs and elongated mandibles. Another distinctive feature was the presence of prominent fluted regions on the forewings, which may have been used in stridulation.

The skull and jaws are posteriorly broad but narrow significantly toward the front. The teeth at the back of the jaw are bulbous in shape and circular in cross-section (this shape is only found in one other notosuchian, Mariliasuchus, also from the Adamantina Formation). The mandible arches upward. The symphysis, or area where the two sides of the lower jaw meet, is formed mostly by the mandibles but also partly by the splenials.

These fossils are nearly indistinguishable from modern turtles anatomically. In these early fossils (mostly of the genus Proganochelys), the teeth have already been lost, and a keratin beak is suggested by the mandibles. Important differences between Proganochelys and modern turtles are the presence of the palatal teeth (lost in modern species), the inability to retract the head within the shell, and the lack of a trochlear pulley in the jaw closing anatomy.

Bull ant showing the powerful mandibles and the relatively large compound eyes that provide excellent vision An ant's head contains many sensory organs. Like most insects, ants have compound eyes made from numerous tiny lenses attached together. Ant eyes are good for acute movement detection, but do not offer a high resolution image. They also have three small ocelli (simple eyes) on the top of the head that detect light levels and polarization.

If recognized as a mate, it will be carried to the queen to mate. Males may also patrol the nest and fight others by grabbing them with their mandibles, piercing their exoskeleton and then marking them with a pheromone. The marked male is interpreted as an invader by worker ants and is killed. Fertilised meat-eater ant queen beginning to dig a new colony Most ants are univoltine, producing a new generation each year.

Mandibles In 1979, the partial skull of a cave dweller was found in Longlin Cave in the Guangxi region of China. Additional human remains were excavated from Maludong in 1989. In 2012, the Red Deer Cave fossils were indirectly radiocarbon dated between 14,300 and 12,600 years before present, using charcoal found in the fossil deposits. The single Longlin fossil was dated to 11,500 years before present (mean calibrated age 11,510±255 95% CI).

P. balaenopterae is one of the largest species of copepods within the family Pennellidae, reaching up to in length. The adult females are characterised by a loss of external segmentation and absorption of swimming legs. Pennella species are recognised by the branched outgrowths on the posterior part of their abdomens. The mandibles form a sucking tube for the mouth through which the species feed and adults also have a pair of segmented sensory antennae.

Unlike the true dragonflies, the Odonata, they had no pterostigma, and a somewhat simpler pattern of veins in the wings. Most specimens are known from wing fragments only; with only a few as complete wings, and even fewer (of the family Meganeuridae) with body impressions. These show a globose head with large dentate mandibles, strong spiny legs, a large thorax, and long and slender dragonfly-like abdomen. Like true dragonflies, they were presumably predators.

Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles. The maxillae and labium have palps that help termites sense food and handling.

The Malaysian basicerotine ants Eurhopalothrix heliscata uses a different strategy of termite hunting by pressing themselves into tight spaces, as they hunt through rotting wood housing termite colonies. Once inside, the ants seize their prey by using their short but sharp mandibles. Tetramorium uelense is a specialised predator species that feeds on small termites. A scout recruits 10–30 workers to an area where termites are present, killing them by immobilising them with their stinger.

Emanating from the brain several nerves run to the sensory organs (eyes, antennulae, antennae). A pair of circumesophageal ("surrounding the esophagus") connectives connect the brain with the cephalothoracic ganglion. The latter is a compaction of several neuromeres in the lower part of the anterior cephalothorax. These neuromeres correspond morphologically with the body segments of the mandibles and the 1st and 2nd maxillae, the thoracic segments I-VIII and the first pleonal segment.

The faces of the females are frequently modified with unusual projections on the clypeus and the clypeal margin which can take the shape of conical bulges to elongated curving "horns". Paralyzed prey are carried in the females' mandibles, which are somewhat elongated and tend to have prominent teeth, often with species- specific shapes. The abdominal segments are also constricted very strongly at the junctures, giving the abdomen a somewhat corrugated, accordion-like appearance.

A species of carnivorous beetle from the future resembling the scarab beetle, that move around in enormous swarms led by a huge Queen. Their mandibles are so strong they can chew through concrete. They appear via an anomaly opened by Connor, kill a guard and cause chaos throughout the ARC going through the vents and piping. Becker shot some of the swarm with an EMD, including the Queen, and others were killed with pesticide.

Some species of giant silk moth larvae are known to make clicking noises when attacked by rubbing their serrated mandibles together. These clicks are audible to humans and extend into ultrasound frequencies audible to predators. Clicks are thought to be a form of aposematic warning signaling, made prior to predator-deterring regurgitation of intestinal contents. Luna moth larvae click and regurgitate, with the regurgitated material confirmed as being a predator deterrent against several species.

The development of insect mouthparts from the primitive chewing mouthparts of a grasshopper in the centre (A), to the lapping type (B) of a bee, the siphoning type (C) of a butterfly and the sucking type (D) of a female mosquito. Legend: a, antennae; c, compound eye; lb, labium; lr, labrum; md, mandibles; mx, maxillae hp hypopharynx. Insects have a range of mouthparts, adapted to particular modes of feeding. The earliest insects had chewing mouthparts.

Situated beneath (caudal to) the mandibles, paired maxillae manipulate and, in chewing insects, partly masticate, food. Each maxilla consists of two parts, the proximal cardo (plural cardines), and distal stipes (plural stipites). At the apex of each stipes are two lobes, the inner lacinia and outer galea (plurals laciniae and galeae). At the outer margin, the typical galea is a cupped or scoop-like structure, located over the outer edge of the labium.

The head is very round and flattened, compound eyes are present and the mandibles are small, less than half the length of the head. The head is also small in proportion to the mesosoma. The legs are large and long, and a poorly preserved petiole is known. Most of the specimen is preserved in fine detail, but some characters are so poorly preserved that the exact placement of M.(?) goliath within Myrmeciinae cannot be confirmed.

Smithsonian Institution Press, 1983. Carpenter bees make nests by tunneling into wood, bamboo, and similar hard plant material such as peduncles, usually dead. They vibrate their bodies as they rasp their mandibles against hard wood, each nest having a single entrance which may have many adjacent tunnels. As a subfamily, they attack a wide range of host plants, but any one species may show definite adaptations or preferences for particular groups of plants.

Head of a worker Like all members of the family Formicidae, these ants have distinctive elbowed antennae, prominent metapleural glands, and distinctive petioles. The ants, though, lack compound eyes, are pale in colour, and lead a subterranean life, preying on small litter organisms. The workers have unusual, elongated mandibles, distinctly basal in their features. Based on the morphology, the authors suggested the ants lead an underground life, possibly foraging on the surface during the night.

The defining feature of the order Hemiptera is the possession of mouthparts where the mandibles and maxillae are modified into a proboscis, sheathed within a modified labium, which is capable of piercing tissues and sucking out the liquids. For example, true bugs, such as shield bugs, feed on the fluids of plants. Predatory bugs such as assassin bugs have the same mouthparts, but they are used to pierce the cuticles of captured prey.

Workers' gasters and mesosomi can vary in colour; the gaster can be black, brown or yellowish-brown while the mesosoma is either reddish-brown or yellow. Workers are mostly brown with light patches noticeable on the head and mesosoma, and their clypei and mandibles are even darker; the legs are either black or brown. A large number of hairs grow from the gaster, mesonotum, pronotum and propodeum. On average, individual hairs are long.

The Dinagat bushy-tailed cloud rat was first seen in 1975 in Balitbiton, Loreto Municipality, Surigao del Norte Province, Dinagat island during a scientific faunal survey. The only specimen (now the holotype) was collected by Dioscoro S. Rabor of the University of the Philippines on 16 May 1975. It was found in a disturbed lowland forest, near a logging road. It was stuffed to preserve its skin, cranium, mandibles and baculum (the penile bone).

Broadcast 4 November 1998, the next installment focuses on dietary needs and how different species have evolved beaks to suit their individual requirements. The latter come in a multitude of forms. Blue tits and goldfinches have beaks akin to tweezers, with which to extract seeds, while the hawfinch's razor-like bill can deal with a cherry-stone. However, the crossbill is the only finch that can twist its mandibles in opposite directions.

It also had a yellow or white superciliary line and a white chin and throat. The wings also had a distinctive and conspicuous white wing patch. The hookbill's distinguishing characteristic was its heavy, parrotlike bill, which had the mandibles hooking sharply towards each other, leaving a gap between them when the beak was closed. As the bird became extinct before significant field observations could be made, not much is known about its behavior.

The species was very active while searching for food, constantly flying from tree to tree. While perched it shifted restlessly. Based upon the structure of the bill, it has been suggested that this unique bill was used as a pincer, with the tips of both mandibles touching. The hookbill could have used this movement to pluck fruits or flowers for consumption, or it may have been used to extract snails from their shells.

I. elbakyanae has a black face and mandibles which get narrower apically. I. elbakyanae can be distinguished from the only other Idiogramma species in Mexico, I. comstockii, in having a black or yellowish- brown face, a mandible which is significantly broader at its basal end than its apical end, and an ovipositor sheath which is 4.2 times the length of its hind tibia. The female has a body length of and a forewing length of .

The tooth rows in the maxillae of this specimen are about long. Each alveolus had a foramen (opening) near its side where a replacement tooth could be seen. Compared to other ankylosaurs, the mandible of Ankylosaurus was low in proportion to its length, and, when seen from the side, the tooth row was almost straight instead of arched. The mandibles are completely preserved only in the smallest specimen (AMNH 5214) and are about long.

They have mandibles which are half the length of Gerontoformica and have a dense brush of spicule-like setae. Furthermore, the vertex (the upper surface of the head) has a pair of oval-shaped rugose (wrinkled) patches. Z. ferox is only known from small, wingless females. The head is similar to those of queens of Z. tonsora, but they can be separated by the lack of ocelli and rugose patches found on the vertex.

Based on related species of the Oriental and Indo-Malayan region Seifert & Frohschammer (2013) predict the following biological traits: (a) there are only ergatoid males – winged males, which are an ancestral trait in Cardiocondyla, are no longer developed, (b) ergatoid males are long-lived, mate always inside the nest and try to kill rivals using their sickle-shaped mandibles in order to monopolize the matings and (c) nests should contain 1–4 queens.

This specimen included a complete skull, mandibles, the first and only tail club known of this genus, as well as ribs, vertebrae, limb bones, and armor. In 1947 the American fossil collectors Charles M. Sternberg and T. Potter Chamney collected a skull and mandible (specimen CMN 8880, formerly NMC 8880), 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) north of where the 1910 specimen was found. This is the largest-known Ankylosaurus skull, but it is damaged in places.

The mandibles have the typical shape seen in the genus, overlapping slightly when closed, and with apical and subapical teeth. The clypeus sports approximately 32 denticles, though the type description originally placed the denticles on the labrum. While the type description mentioned the lack of a sting, the 2016 review of the fossil suggested the sting may have been missing prior to entombment. The species name was derived from "Cretaceous", the age of the fossil.

G. gracilis holotype The species was described from a pair of wingless females, assumed to be workers. There is a covering of tapered setae along the upper surface of the clypeus, and the front corners of the clypeus cover the bases of the mandibles. There is a row of over 20 denticles along the front edge of the clypeus. Small ocelli are positioned just above and between the rear margins of the compound eyes.

This name references the parasitic nature of the species, living inside a colony as a "guest" of another species. Brown discovered the holotype female from an M. vindex nest on 23 March 1955 northwest from Wagin at Badjanning Rocks, Western Australia. The specimen is currently housed in the Western Australian Museum in Perth. Two dealated paratype females were also collected with the holotype, looking very similar to each other except for the mandibles and colouration.

Males use their jaws in combat: they hook them under the opposite beetle's wings, pull up and throw their opponent to the ground (from 20 meters above, as they are in great trees most of the time). Charles Darwin collected the species in Chile during the second voyage of HMS Beagle, and, despite the enlarged mandibles of the males, he noted that the jaws were "not so strong as to produce pain to finger".

Because food location is primarily tactile, foraging is most efficient at high prey concentrations. The groping method consists of walking slowly through shallow water with the partially open bill submerged about three quarters in the water. The stork rapidly shuts its mandibles when a prey item touches the groping till, raises its head and quickly swallows the item whole after some tossing. After swallowing a large fish, the stork may rest for up to one minute before resuming foraging.

T. whitei is a troglobite and occurs only in caves, especially occurring on damp, rotting wood. T. whitei is presumably omnivorous although nothing is known of its feeding preferences. Feeding is presumed to consist of picking up or scraping material from the substrate with the mouthparts then grinding with the mandibles. The species is recorded from caves in the upper Potomac River drainage in Virginia (Augusta, Page, Rockingham, and Shenandoah Counties) and West Virginia (Hardy, Grant, and Pendleton Counties).

In Australia The little corella is a small white cockatoo growing to in length and weighs , with a mean weight of .Little-Corella (2011) It is similar in appearance to both the long-billed corella and the western corella, but the little corella is smaller, and unlike either of those species, it has upper and lower mandibles of similar length. It is easily distinguished from the long-billed corella by the lack of an orange throat bar. C. s.

The solitary Afromyrma specimen is incomplete and shows poor preservation in general with portions of the legs and antennae missing or very indistinct. Overall it is estimated the full body would have been around long. Overall the shape of the head capsule is shorter than it is wide, with eyes located slightly to the rear of the heads midpoint and having an oval shape. The mandibles are triangular in outline with distinct teeth on the chewing margin.

Comparative studies of pedipalpal morphology may suggest that leg-like pedipalps are primitive in arachnids. At present, the only reasonable alternative to this view is to assume that Xiphosurans reflect the morphology of the primitive arachnid pedipalp and to conclude that this appendage is primitively chelate. Pedipalps are traditionally thought to be homologous with mandibles in crustaceans and insects, although more recent studies (e.g. using Hox genes) suggest they are probably homologous with the crustacean second antennae.

The Aphaenogaster mayri queens range from , with a fairly slender build. Body segment lengths are for the head, for the thorax and for the gaster. The head capsule is a little longer than it is wide and has a large pair of mandibles. The antennae are long and slender in appearance, composed of a scape that is extends past the hind margin of the head and funicular segments which are twice as long are they are wide.

Also in 1956, Liucheng farmer Xiuhuai Qin discovered more teeth and the first mandible on his field. From 1957 to 1963, the IVPP survey team carried out excavations in this area and recovered 2 more mandibles and more than 1,000 teeth. Confirmed Gigantopithecus remains have since been found in 16 different sites across southern China. The northernmost sites are Longgupo and Longgudong, just south of the Yangtze River, and southernmost on Hainan Island in the South China Sea.

Amblyopone silvestrii is a primitive species of ant found in Japan. The species is known for larval hemolymph feeding (LHL), in which the queens stroke older larva with their antennae before piercing them with their mandibles. They then lower their mouth parts to the would and lick up the hemolymph. Then, they cease movement for several minutes before dropping one or two white infrabuccal pellets while being groomed by worker nestmates who then carry the pellets away.

274x274px The skull is heavily built but with large lateral openings to accommodate jaw musculature, with small orbits restricted to the anterior edge of the large fenestrae. The intertemporal, supratemporal, postfrontal, and jugal bones of the skull have disappeared. The mandibles are short and robust with a small number of large triangular teeth. Although it was initially thought that the maxilla and premaxilla were freely movable, detailed anatomical studies show that this is not the case.

Peacock spider males perform courtship dances that display their boldly patterned mandibles, legs, and abdomens. Females are cryptic brown. Charles Darwin published a book on sexual selection in 1871 called The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, which garnered interest upon its release but by the 1880s the ideas had been deemed too controversial and were largely neglected. Alfred Russel Wallace disagreed with Darwin, particularly after Darwin's death, that sexual selection was a real phenomenon.

Protrusion is the extension of the mouth or premaxilla towards the prey, via mechanical linkages. Protrusion is known only in modern bony fishes, which possess many forms of coupled linkages in their head. Remarkable examples are the slingjaw wrasse and the sand eel, which can protrude their mouth by several centimeters. Another example of protrusion is seen in dragonfly larvae (nymphs), which have hydraulic lower mandibles, protruding forward to catch prey and bring it to the top jaw.

The pair of terga at the free end are trapezoid and more furrowed than the scutum and the carina in between are wide and forked. The tergal flaps are yellow, giving a coloured rim to the plates in the living animal. The body concealed by these plates consists of a head and thorax with a vestigial abdomen. The head bears the mouthparts consisting of a labrum with fine teeth on the inner margin, a blunt palpus, mandibles and maxillae.

Predominantly they feed on nectar or plant or animal exudates, such as honeydew, for which their lapping mouthparts are adapted. Some flies have functional mandibles that may be used for biting. The flies that feed on vertebrate blood have sharp stylets that pierce the skin, with some species having anticoagulant saliva that is regurgitated before absorbing the blood that flows; in this process, certain diseases can be transmitted. The bot flies (Oestridae) have evolved to parasitize mammals.

Leptothorax acervorum head Leptothorax acervorum is a small red ant Similar to other ants, L. acercorum displays elbowed-antennae, metapleural glands, and a constriction of the second abdominal segment. The exoskeleton provides a protecting casing of the body, which can be divided into 3 segments: the head, mesosoma, and metasoma. The head contains eyes that detect acute movement, three small ocelli to detect light and polarization, and two mandibles. Attached to the head are two antennae.

The surface of the planet held only ruins, and the Academy team went down to investigate. What they found were structures much too primitive to have been made by a hyper-advanced space-faring race. Sadly, tragedy again befell the Academy crew when they were attacked by a mysteriously unrelenting horde of predatory crab-like creatures with razor sharp claws and mandibles. George, Maggie, and their Kosmik pilot were killed, and Frank and Janet were severely wounded.

Workers would have relied on their vision to hunt for prey and help themselves navigate. William Morton Wheeler comments that P. longiceps were possibly an arboreal nesting species. This means the ant did not live in the soil and nested in trees instead. He assumed this due to its long legs, strong claws and long mandibles; Prionomyrmex was also assumed to be predacious, equipped with a well developed and powerful sting that was most likely used to kill prey.

In The Last Jedi, Rey uses the Falcons escape pod to board Supreme Leader Snoke's ship. Director Rian Johnson noted that he wanted its design to resemble a coffin, inspired by C.S. Lewis' Perelandra. The escape pod was monogrammed to say "Property of Han Solo". In the film Solo: A Star Wars Story, it is revealed that Lando modified the Falcon by putting an escape pod between the frontal 'mandibles', which Han jettisons to escape a gravity well.

The marsupial lion was a highly specialised carnivore, as is reflected in its dentition. Like other diprotodonts, it possessed enlarged incisors on both the upper (maxillae) and lower (mandibles) jaws. These teeth (the lower in particular) were shaped much more like the pointed canine teeth of animals such as dogs and cats than those of kangaroos. The most unusual feature of the creature's dentition were the huge, blade-like carnassial premolars on either side of its jaws.

The species has 35 to 42 gill rakers in total and 25 vertebrae are present. In 1972, a crevalle jack caught by fishermen off South Carolina displayed swollen, bulbous mandibles. These swellings were initially thought to be due to a copepod parasite, however radiographs and subsequent sectioning found them to be bony in nature. The cause of this calcified connective tissue is still unknown, and there remains only a single reported case of such an ailment in crevalle jack.

Jerusalem crickets (or potato bugs) are a group of large, flightless insects of the genus Stenopelmatus. They are native to the western United States and parts of Mexico. Despite their common names, these insects are neither true crickets (which belong to the family Gryllidae) nor true bugs (which belong to the order Hemiptera), nor are they native to Jerusalem. These nocturnal insects use their strong mandibles to feed primarily on dead organic matter but can also eat other insects.

Joumocetus shimizui was described from a mostly complete cranium and associated portions of both mandibles, cervical and thoracic vertebrae. The skeleton was recovered from an outcrop of the earliest late Miocene, Serravallian age Haraichi Formation exposed along the Kabura River near Yoshii, Gunma Prefecture, Japan (, paleocoordinates ).. Retrieved October 2013. The Haraichi Formation includes several tuff layers which have been used for dating. The type skeleton was found between the older Baba tuff and the younger Kamikoizawa tuff.

Neighboring colonies of D. gigantea have distinct foraging areas. On the occasion that ants from different colonies meet on the border of these areas, the individuals face each other, locking their mandibles. The two then repeatedly poke each other's head with their antennae while kicking with the forelegs. At some point, one of the ants gains a dominant position, eventually biting the other on the top of the head and pressing the gaster against the loser's body.

There is variation in the mouthparts, which commonly are long siphon shaped proboscis, but some basal species have more distinct mandibles. The proboscis is formed from the same mouth parts as those of Nymphalidae butterflies and were used for probing and sucking. Species of at least one genus, Oregramma, have elongated lance shaped ovipositors. The wings are distinctly large, over long, often with centrally placed eye spots and the ovoid to triangular wings have numerous closely spaced branching veins.

The digestive tract begins slightly behind the head, the mouth lying on the underside a little way from the frontmost point of the body. Here, prey can be mechanically dismembered by the mandibles with their covering of fine toothlets. Two salivary glands discharge via a common conductor into the subsequent "throat", which makes up the first part of the front intestine. The saliva that they produce contains mucus and hydrolytic enzymes, which initiate digestion in and outside the mouth.

Myanmyrma has very long mandibles that near the same length as the head. Each mandible has only two large teeth, one blunt subapical, one sharp apical and the right mandible is notably longer than the left. The clypeus is modified with two large lobes, one on each genal margin and having about fourteen denticles. Occeli are not detectable on the holotype, but the presence of them was not ruled out due to the position of the specimen.

Examples of species with large-mandibled males include the genera Acanthacorydalis, Corydalus and Platyneuromus, while in Neoneuromus, Nevromus, Neurhermes and Protohermes the sexes are similar. In Corydalus cornutus, a particularly long-mandibled species, these can reach up to in length and are used in competition for females.Simonsen, T. J., Dombroskie, J. J., and D. D. Lawrie (2008). Behavioral Observations on the Dobsonfly, Corydalus cornutus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) with Photographic Evidence of the Use of the Elongate Mandibles in the Male.

The abdomen typically curves upwards in the male, superficially resembling the tail of a scorpion, the tip containing an enlarged structure called the genital bulb. The caterpillar-like larvae have hard sclerotinised heads with mandibles (jaws), short true legs on the thorax, prolegs on the first eight abdominal segments, and a suction disc or pair of hooks on the terminal tenth segment. The pupae have free appendages rather than being secured within a cocoon (they are exarate).

The tawny mining bee, Andrena fulva, is a European species of the sand bee (Andrena) genus. The males are and the females long. The female is covered with fox-red hair on the dorsal surface of its thorax and abdomen and black hair on its head and ventral surface. The male is less distinctive, being clad in golden-brown or reddish-brown hairs, with some long white hairs on the face, and a tooth on each of the mandibles.

In 2019, Dupieux returned with Deerskin (original title: Le daim), starring Jean Dujardin and Adèle Haenel. The film was presented as opening film at the Directors' Fortnight at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival. His film Mandibles (original title: Mandibules), starring David Marsais and Grégoire Ludig, the two members of the duo Palmashow, will be released on November 18, 2020 in French theaters. It was screened out of competition at the 77th Venice International Film Festival on September 5, 2020.

After first matings occur in early spring, first instar larvae begin to appear in late spring, usually completing the first instar by late May to June. Most individuals reach second instars by mid summer, and third instars are reached in fall. Larvae hibernate during the winter before emerging as adults the following spring. Larvae are sedentary and live in permanent burrows and feed by using their mandibles to catch arthropods that pass by the mouth of their burrows.

Liquids are brought to the mouth through the tube by a back and forth movement of the glossa, capillary action, and suction through the mouth. The proboscis is stored in a large groove on the underside of the head, known as the proboscidial fossa, when not in use. Pollen is carried by scopal hairs on the underside of the abdomen or on the hind legs. Teeth and carinae are not present in the mandibles of workers.

Triaenops goodmani is known from three mandibles (lower jaws): one with the fourth premolar (p4) and first and second molars (m1–2) and two with the second and third molars (m2–3). The jaw is relatively robust. The p4 resembles a canine, having a single cusp that is about as high as the highest cusp on m1 and lacking accessory shelves or cusps. The molars are narrow-crowned and longer than in T. menamena, P. auritus, and P. furculus.

In the final instar, the thorns disappear and the larva may adopt one of three colour morphs: green, brown or yellow. Larvae do not move much, and will click their mandibles or even bite if threatened, though the bite is effectively harmless to human skin. The larva grows to about 120–130 mm, and pupates in an underground chamber. The pupa is smooth and glossy with the proboscis fused to the body, as in most Lepidoptera.

The oldest definitive insect fossil is the Devonian Rhyniognatha hirsti, estimated at 396-407 million years old. This species already possessed dicondylic mandibles, a feature associated with winged insects, suggesting that wings may already have evolved at this time. Thus, the first insects probably appeared earlier, in the Silurian period. The subclass Apterygota (wingless insects) is now considered artificial as the silverfish (order Thysanura) are more closely related to Pterygota (winged insects) than to bristletails (order Archaeognatha).

In AKD, accelerated growth of the keratinized outer layer of the beak (the rhamphotheca) causes elongation and crossing of the mandibles of the beak. This is debilitating and often deadly, as it obstructs the birds' ability to feed and preen themselves, with the resulting dirty and matted plumage unable to play its role in thermoregulation. One potential secondary symptom is the formation of lesions on various other keratinized tissues. Areas affected include the skin, legs, feet, claws, and feathers.

The coloration of both the workers and the males are hard to determine, being either a uniform reddish or dark brown. There are upright standing setae on the gaster, notum, propodeum, head and scapes, but it is hard to determine if fine pubescence is present on the head or antennae. The head is an elongate oval in outline with the rear corners rounded and indistinct. The eyes are small and notably convex while the mandibles have five possible teeth.

They use their mandibles to dig nests in the ground or even on vertical substrates if it is made of earth. Their nests consist of a main tunnel dug diagonally into the ground, with several short side chambers off of it leading to brood cells. One egg is laid per cell on top of a nectar-pollen mixture. Females primarily collect pollen from plants of the family Asteraceae, and tend to forage in plant species with wide-open flowers.

Head view of a Thaumatomyrmex mandibularis worker, showing its characteristic pitchfork- shaped mandibles The genus was established by Mayr in 1877 to house the single species Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus, discovered in Brazil. Since its inception, the genus has been placed in various tribes: Ectatommini, Ponerini, Cylindromyrmicini, and its own tribe, Thaumatomyrmecini. Molecular phylogeny by Schmidt & Shattuck (2014) confirmed that the genus is nested within Ponerini. Twelve species has been described, and a few undescribed taxa are known.

Workers of P. tornquisti range between long, with shiny black to red coloration and fine punctation on the whole exoskeleton. The heads have sparse hairs across the mandibles, clypeus and palpi, in addition to hairs sparsely scattered on the gaster. The antennae have scapes longer than the head capsule, with a third of the length past the rear edge of the head. All of the twelve antennae segments are elongate, each being at least twice as long as wide.

Not all females do the same work in a social nest. This is evident based on the varying levels of wear on the wings and mandibles of females of various social standing. Although many nests have more than one female, there is a division of labor between the older and younger females. During nesting time, only the older females are responsible for nesting duties such as digging, excavating the cells, lining the cells, collecting food, and ovipositing.

The larvae grow slowly, taking anywhere from 1 to 5 years to reach the last larval stage. When they reach maturity, the larvae crawl out onto land to pupate in damp soil or under logs. Unusually, the pupa is fully motile, with large mandibles that it can use to defend itself against predators. The short-lived adults emerge from the pupa to mate - many species never feed as adults, living only a few days or hours.

They will first attempt to catch and pierce the attackers with their large mandibles. If this does not deter the attackers, some soldiers secrete a yellow liquid from a large gland that occupies a large proportion of their body. The liquid is forced out of the gland by contractions of the mandibular muscles which compress the walls of the gland. This liquid rapidly hardens on contact with air, producing a sticky substance that traps ants and other termites.

This organ, when seen from above, resembles two bowed appendages on either side of the genital region. This organ serves two purposes – in helping to glue the eggs to hosts’ fur, and to grasp fur in order to remain on the host. As a member of the genus Trichodectes, T. canis usually have antennae with three segments and a single claw at each tarsus. The mouthparts of the T. canis include a pair of mandibles lacking the maxillary palps.

Hodotermes (from Greek ὁδός (hodós), travelling; Latin termes, woodworm) is a genus of African harvester termites in the Hodotermitidae. They range from Palaearctic North Africa, through the East African savannas to the karroid regions of southern Africa. As with harvester termites in general, they have serrated inner edges to their mandibles, and all castes have functional compound eyes. They forage for grass at night and during the day, and their pigmented workers are often observed outside the nest.

Termites All species of termite are to some degree eusocial, and the members of a colony are differentiated into caste systems. The majority of termite populations consist of the worker caste, which are responsible for foraging, nest building, grooming, and brood care. The soldier caste has one responsibility, which is to protect the nest from predators and other competitors. Soldiers have highly developed mandibles as well as many exocrine glands that can secrete multiple defensive substances harmful to predators.

The Whitaker Quarry of Ghost Ranch as it appears in 2019. Daemonosaurus is known from a single fossil, the holotype CM 76821, which consists of a skull, mandibles, an atlas bone, an axis bone, other neck vertebrae, and rib fragments. This specimen was discovered in a sediment block collected from the Coelophysis Quarry (also known as the Whitaker quarry) at Ghost Ranch, New Mexico. This site is famous for abundant fossils of Coelophysis, an early theropod.

This bumblebee has a very short proboscis (tongue), powerful, toothed mandibles, and a short head. The queen has a body length of , a wing span of and a black, shaggy fur with the three last terga (abdominal segments). The workers, which have body lengths ranging from and wing spans from , look like the queen, except for the lesser length. The males are in length, have a wing span from and are otherwise similar to the females.

The holotype of Miodentosaurus brevis, NMNS 004727 / F003960, is a well-preserved and fairly complete articulated skeleton. It was discovered in the Carnian-age Xiaowa Formation (or Wayao Member of the Falang Formation) of China, where other thalattosaurs as Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis and Concavispina biseridens were found. The skull and mandibles were the first elements described in 2007, while the postcranial skeleton was described in 2009. An even more complete specimen, ZMNH M8742, was described in 2010.

As in other Hemideina spp. spines are present on the hind legs which function in defense. Morphometric analysis of spination patterns has shown that both H. thoracica and H. crassidens lack the mid-tibial ‘1/3 back’ spine which differentiates these species from all other Hemideina spp.. Hemideina thoracica has the thinnest femur and tibia compared with all other New Zealand tree wētā (Hemideina spp). Adults are sexually dimorphic with males having enlarged mandibles used for fighting other males.

Paper wasps manufacture the paper for their nests from small fibers detached from exposed, weathered wood. The paper wasps use their mandibles to compress the wood fibers into thin sheets, which are used as cells for the nest and coverings—except in Polistes, where cells are not enclosed. The nests created in this fashion are structurally resilient and relatively weatherproof. Inside the nest, the cells along the perimeter are roughly circular while the inner cells are more hexagonal.

This enables them to stay underwater for prolonged periods. Moreover, the Chinese softshell turtle has been shown to excrete urea while "breathing" underwater; this is an efficient solution when the animal does not have access to fresh water, e.g., in brackish-water environments. According to Ditmars (1910): "The mandibles of many species form the outer border of powerful crushing processes—the alveolar surfaces of the jaws", which aids the ingestion of tough prey such as molluscs.

Kassina fusca have been found in nests of pomerine ants Paltothyreus tarsatus and Megaponera analis. These ants are large (up to 18 and 25 mm in body length, respectively) and have powerful mandibles, poison glands, and stings, and would be able to kill the frog. Yet experiments showed that they were never seriously attacked by Paltothyreus tarsatus. This is possible because of chemical components of the frogs' skin, offering the frog a degree of "chemical camouflage".

However, an otic notch can now be considered a feature of this taxa. Also present are interpterygoid , and a pair of palatal tusks within the vomer which lay medially to the internal naris. Palatal tusk pairs can also be found the ectopterygoid and the palatine. As for the lower jaw, if the animal catches prey it is able to get it to the denticulate palate because compression of the mandibles is not lateral along their length.

In all species the expand in diameter from the base to the tip, and the final flagellomere is inflated to form a large club. Frontal ridges form along the edges of the antennae sockets, curving down and apart from each other. The clypeus is curved outward along the front edge and separated from the antennae at the back edge by the frontal ridges. All species have triangular mandibles that lack developed teeth on the chewing sides.

The terms beak and rostrum are also used to refer to a similar mouth part in some ornithischians, pterosaurs, turtles, cetaceans, dicynodonts, anuran tadpoles, monotremes (i.e. echidnas and platypuses, which have a beak- like structure), sirens, pufferfish, billfishes and cephalopods. Although beaks vary significantly in size, shape, color and texture, they share a similar underlying structure. Two bony projections—the upper and lower mandibles—are covered with a thin keratinized layer of epidermis known as the rhamphotheca.

131 The earlier stages have three pairs of appendages which are used for locomotion – two pairs of antennae and the mandibles. Later stages also have rudiments of other mouthparts, but the nauplius is unable to feed, and only lasts 24 to 68 hours. The body ends at a two-lobed telson, and the beginnings of a carapace emerge at this stage. There are typically 5 or 6 zoea stages in Dendrobranchiata, divided into protozoea and mysis.

In the protozoea larvae, the antennae are still used for locomotion, but the mandibles become specialised for mastication. All the thoracic somites (body segments) have formed, and a carapace is present, covering part of the thorax. It is smooth in the family Penaeidae, but bears many spines in the family Solenoceridae. The pleon (abdomen) is unsegmented in the first protozoea, and ends in a bilobed telson, which may be used for cleaning other appendages, or for steering.

Motuweta isolata on Korapuki Island M. isolata is the largest tusked wētā, 90 mm long. Captive males can weigh 28 g and females 37 g, though wild specimens are generally smaller: 23 and 25 g. Adult males have long brown tusks curving from their mandibles, projecting far in front of their head; these vary significantly in size between males. They use these to spar with other males in territorial pushing contests, each trying to overturn the other.

In the bryozoan order Cheilostomata, the operculum is a calcareous or chitinous lid-like structure that protects the opening through which the polypide protrudes. Many species have modified the operculum in specialized zooids (avicularia) to form a range of mandibles (probably for defense) or hair-like setae (probably for cleaning, or in some unattached species, such as Selenaria, for locomotionCook, P.L. & Chimonides, P.J. 1987. Recent and fossil Lunulitidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), 7. Selenaria maculata (Busk) and allied species from Australasia.

Lycophocyon is an extinct genus of caniformian carnivoran from Middle Eocene (early Duchesnean and possibly late Uintan NALMA) deposits of San Diego County, California. Lycophocyon is known from the holotype UCMP 85202, a partial left and right dentary. Paratypes include UCMP 170713, SDSNH 107658, SDSNH 107659, SDSNH 107442, SDSNH 107443 and SDSNH 107444, partial dentaries, mandibles and other cranial remains, and SDSNH 107446 and SDSNH 107447, cranial and postcranial fragments. Many additional specimens are also known.

Worker ants are usually the same size as each other, although this is not true for some species; worker ants of M. brevinoda, for example, vary in length from . The mandibles of the workers are long with a number of teeth, and the clypeus is short. The antennae consist of 12 segments and the eyes are large and convex. Based on a study on the antennal sensory of M. pyriformis, the antennal sensilla are known to have eight types.

They are not well suited for foraging or defending the colony because of their weaker mandibles and lack of a stinger. They are dependent on female workers feeding them and are sometimes observed to cannibalize nest larvae. It has been experimentally demonstrated that males of R. marginata have the ability to feed larvae, but they do not because they lack food access and females do not give them an opportunity to do so in natural populations.

Upon removal, special care was taken to protect any bones that may be lost or damaged. For example, all maxillae bones and mandibles were wrapped to prevent the teeth from falling out and crania were removed with soil still attached (a measure that helps to prevent the bones from fragmenting). These and other large elements like long bones, scapulae, sacra, and innominate bones were bagged individually and assigned their own unique catalogue number. All small elements (e.g.

The biology of T. curvirostris is poorly known; in the waters around Korea, mating takes place in June, July and August. Females lay up to 100,000 eggs, each one around in diameter, with the female's fecundity being directly related to her body size. Over the next 15 hours, the eggs grow to in diameter; at this point, they hatch into the first nauplius larva. The nauplii have only three pairs of appendages: two pairs of antennae, and the mandibles.

The eggs hatch after about two weeks and the first instar larvae search out Colorado potato beetle larvae that are about to pupate. They may follow an odour trail left behind by the burrowing larvae and they need to reach the pupation chamber before it is sealed. They sink their mandibles into the integument of their hosts and start feeding, killing the host in the process. After moulting they cease feeding and soon metamorphose into the pupal stage.

Byctiscus populi in copula and leaf-rolling The tooth-nosed snout weevils, Rhynchitidae, are small beetles (1.5 to 6.5 mm) that are usually found vegetation. They usually use buds, fruits, or seeds for oviposition. The tooth-nosed snout weevils receive this name due to the teeth on the edges of their mandibles. Traditionally considered a subfamily of Attelabidae within the Curculionoidea (weevils and relatives), the tooth-nosed snout weevils are regarded as a separate family Rhynchitidae by some authorities.

The head capsule is a fully sclerotized cranium with very few internal structures excluding a few internal ridges. The mandibles are fully developed on an oblique plane, with a dominant apical tooth, a dorsal tooth, and an additional number of inner teeth. There are a set of eyes or areas of pigment that lie beneath the cuticle and lastly two antennae protruding from the dorsal cranium. The body is segmented into three thoracic sections and nine abdominal sections.

Members of this order have an elongated, segmented body and a distinct head, normally with a separate peristomium and prostomium. Many, but not all, live in tubes which vary from a mucous sheath to a tough, horny casing. The palps vary from globular to cylindrical and there are from 0 to 7 antennae, usually smooth but occasionally jointed. There is a muscular pharynx with a dorsal pair of mandibles and a set of ventral, toothed, maxillary plates.

P. tricuspis is a species of the Pseudateon genus and a member of the family Phoridae, which is commonly called scuttle flies, humped-back flies, and phorid flies. Eight native Pseudacteon species parasitize native fire ants in the United States (Plowes 2009). The adult P. tricuspis flies are 0.9-1.5mm in length. The mandibles of the larvae are unable to chew or digest food and are instead used to aid in movement and anchoring within the host.

O. bauri typically uses its appendages in capturing prey. However, it may also be used in propelling its body into the air and this may result in two different types of jumps. A “bouncer-defense jump” is when O. bauri throws itself backwards away from the potential prey due to the mandibles striking an upright object. An “escape jump” involves O. bauri positioning its jaws towards the ground before firing and is launched vertically into the air.

Soon after, the egg undergoes rapid inflation as it appears to absorb ant hemolymph. This first instar larva migrates into the ant head and consumes the jaw muscle and other tissues, leaving the mandibles hanging and preparing a future exit space. After about two weeks, the ant worker is termed a "zombie" because the fly larva has effectively taken control. The worker leaves the nest and dies in the leaf litter or in a crack in the soil.

By their antennae, the bobbit worm senses the passing prey and snaps down on the prey to drag them into its burrow using its mouth. Some fish exhibit mobbing behavior to reduce predation risk, in which a group of fish will direct jets of water into the bobbit worm's burrow to disorient it. However, any quick strike by the mandibles of the worm can leave the fish stunned while also injecting a certain level of toxins.

Species in Emplastus are not preserved well enough to place in formal genera, but a suite of characteristics is found in all the species which comprise the morphogenus. All the species have a similar size range, considered medium for ant species. The fossils have generally rectangular heads bearing triangular toothed mandibles and rounded occipital corners. In profile, the propodeum has a round upper surface and the gaster is smooth, with no constriction between the first and second segments.

Belzebub is a genus of prawns in the family Luciferidae. The species which make up the genus Belzebub were formerly placed in the genus Lucifer but were separated to form Belzebub after a cladistic analysis. They are very small planktonic and benthic prawns with an extreme lateral compression of the carapace with elongated mandibles and anteriors of the pereiopods but lacking pereiopods 4 and 5 and any gills. The pereiopods either lack chelae or they are substantially reduced.

The crossbill is a genus, Loxia, of birds in the finch family (Fringillidae), with six species. These birds are characterised by the mandibles with crossed tips, which gives the group its English name. Adult males tend to be red or orange in colour, and females green or yellow, but there is much variation. Crossbills are specialist feeders on conifer cones, and the unusual bill shape is an adaptation which enables them to extract seeds from cones.

No mandibles were preserved with the holotype specimen and therefore dentition of the lower jaws could not be determined. The overall width of the skull is broad and having widely separated parietal crests. In addition, the zygomatic arches are deepened and expanded below and behind the eye socket, contributing to the wide skull shape, which is very similar to other entelodonts. The rear portion of eye socket is closed and situated directly above the last two molars.

The antennae are composed of ten segments, with a total length of . The clypeus has a convex front edge hosting about 22 thick setae, while the mandibles have scattered setae on the outside surfaces. On the mesosoma the metanotal spiracles and propodeal spiracles are distinctly projecting from the mesonotal surface. The gaster is marked with a distinct constriction on the upper surface between segments two and three, plus a sting is present at the gaster tip.

The clypeus and mandibles have coatings of setae and the maxillary plus labial palps all have covering of very dense short setae. The mesosoma is elongated and has a narrow profile, with the pronotum elongated into a distinct neck. The spirical on the metanotum is raised from the surface of the metanotum on a turret like protrusion. The petiole has an overall node like appearance formed from a flat underside plus rounded dorsal surface having elongated setae.

There are rounded rectangular carinae surrounding each of the oval eyes, and the ocelli are placed equidistantly from each other on the flat area of the head. There are scattered short setae on both gena and the clypeus. The lower margin of the clypeus has 20 denticles and a row of eight to ten longer setae that point toward the mandibles. The mesosoma is smooth with little sculpturing other than the protruding spiracles and the deep distinct metanotal groove.

In the suborder Symphyta, the larvae resemble caterpillars in appearance, and like them, typically feed on leaves. They have large chewing mandibles, three pairs of thoracic limbs, and, in most cases, six or eight abdominal prolegs. Unlike caterpillars, however, the prolegs have no grasping spines, and the antennae are reduced to mere stubs. Symphytan larvae that are wood borers or stem borers have no abdominal legs and the thoracic legs are smaller than those of non-borers.

Fossil skull and mandible Zhuchengceratops is a derived leptoceratopsid ceratopsian which lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Kugou, Zhucheng County, China. It is known from a partial articulated skeleton including vertebrae, ribs, teeth, and parts of the skull and mandibles. The fossils were recovered from the Wangshi Group, of the Late Cretaceous. This genus was named by Xing Xu, Kebai Wang, Xijin Zhao, Corwin Sullivan and Shuqing Chen in 2010, and the type species is Zhuchengceratops inexpectus.

Nymph Adults are around in length, and have dark brown to black bodies with shiny paler brown wings. The front edge of the pronotum (head shield) has a pale white band. While males are rarely produced, male adults have longer wings than females, completely covering the abdomen, although both genders are poor flyers. (The article comprises the whole issue.) Nymphs are around long at birth, translucent white with orange-brown mandibles and spines, and darker eye spots than the rest of the head.

The ants actively collect their hemipterans guests, transporting them to the ant nests or to the protected free-feeding sites. When alarmed, Dolichoderus sulcaticeps uses vibrations to communicate with other members of the colony. The vibrations are generated by a worker scraping its mandibles across the substrate and are interpreted by other worker ants according to their level of excitement; they either freeze, or they are emboldened to become more aggressive. Reproductives usually retreat into the safety of the nest.

In crustaceans, the two pairs of maxillae are called maxillulae (1st pair) and maxillae (2nd pair). They serve to transport food to the mandibles but also frequently help in the filtration process and additionally they may sometimes play a role in cleaning and grooming. These structures show an incredible diversity throughout crustaceans but generally are very much flattened and leaf-like. The two pairs are normally positioned very close together and their apical parts generally are in direct contact with the mandible.

51 Juvenile birds are partly striated owing to feathers with darker or dusky tips, and they have orange-brown to black beaks. Species in the genus Eos are distinguished from lories in the genus Chalcopsitta by shorter tails and the absence of a bare patch of skin around the mandibles. Members of Eos do not have green plumage, which helps to distinguish them from some species of other lory genera. Eos (Ἔως) is Greek for "dawn", referring to the red plumage.

Amitermitinae is a disputed subfamily of "higher termites" now often merged with the subfamily TermitinaeTermite Catalogue (retrieved 13 July 2019) and is considered by ITIS as a synonym;ITIS it had previously been placed in the family Rhinotermitidae. Amitermitinae have as typical characteristics: a usually rounded head with a bilobed clypeus. The mandibles of their soldiers usually has a single median tooth. They have evolved the ability to have many reproductives in their colony, up to a hundred, which allows very large colonies.

The mature female wasp seeks out adult female ladybirds, although they will sometimes oviposit into a male adult or larval instar. One egg is planted in the host's soft underbelly. The wasp larva hatches after 5–7 days into a first instar larva with large mandibles and proceeds to remove any other eggs or larvae before beginning to feed on the ladybird's fat bodies and gonads. The wasp larva inside the ladybird goes through four larval instars in 18–27 days.

A cast of C. ohioensis assembled from various specimens The Castoroides fossils were discovered in 1837 in a peat bog in Ohio, hence its species epithet ohioensis. Catalogue no.1195, Mus. North. Ind. Hist. Soc. Well- preserved skull of Castoroides ohioensis but with the mandibles lost, both zygomatic arches missing, and the facial portions of the maxillae broken away; dental series complete and in good condition. Castoroides had cutting teeth up to 15 cm-long with prominently-ridged outer surfaces.

Paraprionopelta is a genus of ants in the subfamily Amblyoponinae containing the single species Paraprionopelta minima. The genus was erected by Kusnezov (1955) for males collected in Tucumán, Argentina. The placement of the genus within the subfamily is uncertain; they differ from Amblyoponini males in the shape of the head and mandibles and reduced antennal segmentation. Due to their small size and antennal segmentation, Brown (1960) speculated that the species may represent the males of Amblyopone degenerata (now Stigmatomma degeneratum).

On September 6, two grouse hunters stumbled across the skeletal remains of Ott and Naslund near a service road in Issaquah, east of Lake Sammamish State Park. An extra femur and several vertebrae found at the site were later identified by Bundy as Georgann Hawkins'. Six months later, forestry students from Green River Community College discovered the skulls and mandibles of Healy, Rancourt, Parks, and Ball on Taylor Mountain, where Bundy frequently hiked, just east of Issaquah. Manson's remains were never recovered.

The workers search for prey in piles of leaves, killing small arthropods including Drosophila flies, microlepidopterans and spiderlings. Prey items are usually less than in size, and workers grab them using their mandibles and forelegs, then kill them with their sting. Workers also feed on sweet substances such as honeydew secreted by scale insects and other Hemiptera; one worker alone may feed on these sources for 30 minutes. Pupae may be given to the larvae if a colony has a shortage of food.

The ivory-marked beetle, Eburia quadrigeminata, may live up to 40 years inside the hardwoods on which the larva feeds. As with all endopterygotes, beetle larvae pupate, and from these pupae emerge fully formed, sexually mature adult beetles, or imagos. Pupae never have mandibles (they are adecticous). In most pupae, the appendages are not attached to the body and are said to be exarate; in a few beetles (Staphylinidae, Ptiliidae etc.) the appendages are fused with the body (termed as obtect pupae).

Dentition of an Ice Age wolf showing functions of the teeth Tooth breakage is related to a carnivore's behavior. The mandibles of canids are buttressed behind the carnassial teeth to enable them to crack bones with their post-carnassial teeth (molars M2 and M3). A study found that the modern gray wolf possesses greater buttressing when compared to all other extant canids and the extinct dire wolf. This indicates that the gray wolf is better adapted for cracking bone than other canids.

Snakes have a very flexible lower jaw, the two halves of which are not rigidly attached, and numerous other joints in their skull. These modifications allow them to open their mouths wide enough to swallow their prey whole, even if it is wider than they are. Birds do not have teeth, relying instead on other means of gripping and macerating their food. Their beaks have a range of sizes and shapes according to their diet and are composed of elongated mandibles.

Anakamacops (meaning "similar to Kamacops" in Greek) is a genus of dissorophid temnospondyl from the early Middle Permian of China. It is known from the right side of a snout that was described in 1999 from the Dashankou locality of the Xidagou Formation, which is within the city of Yumen. The type species was named A. petrolicus because Yumen is an oil-producing city (petrol). More substantial material, including a partial skull and partial mandibles, was described by Liu (2018).

The mandibles are used to tear open the cuticular structures of its meal and expose the soft tissue areas within the organism. Fluid is produced in the mouth during feeding that causes the discoloration of flesh and begins the digestive process. This fluid is composed of a variety of enzymes that begin the digestive process before the prey has entered the beetle’s digestive tract. Many samples of B. cephalotes were found to have sand in their digestive tract in addition to prey.

P. oculata The notably large eyes of P. oculata are the inspiration for the species name oculata which comes from the Latin "oculatus" meaning eyed. The species is mid sized for the genus, with the holotype having a body length of and a mesosoma of . The ovoid eyes are large and placed slightly to the front of the heads mid-length. The mandibles are sub-triangular in outline with over 10 teeth on each side and are approximately 58% of the head length.

Members of this genus live in thick, parchment-like tubes that project from the sediment on the seabed. The tubes are covered on the outside by fragments of shell, algae, fibers and other small objects, collected by the worm and stuck in place by mucus. The worm's tube is a food-catching tool that creates a small micro-reef where small invertebrate prey reside. Diopatra dart partially out of the tube and grasp the prey with their maxillae and mandibles.