Hair cells of the cristae activate afferent receptors in response to rotational acceleration. The other two sensory organs supplied by the vestibular neurons are the maculae of the saccule and utricle. Hair cells of the maculae in the utricle activate afferent receptors in response to linear acceleration while hair cells of the maculae in the saccule respond to vertically directed linear force.
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Approximately (male ) in length, the male is distinguished by the ivory-coloured maculae alongside the eyes.
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The plains near Triton's eastern limb are dotted with black spots, the maculae. Some maculae are simple dark spots with diffuse boundaries, and others comprise a dark central patch surrounded by a white halo with sharp boundaries. The maculae typically have diameters of about 100 km and widths of the halos of between 20 and 30 km. There are extensive ridges and valleys in complex patterns across Triton's surface, probably the result of freeze–thaw cycles.
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The two quarrelers were given citations for disturbing the peace and fighting in public, according to Officer Maculae.
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UMass Amherst. He conducted double blind studies and published his findings. One of his many awards was from the journal Cutis in March 1972 for his manuscript co-authored with Dr. V. A. Cecilioni on Chizzola Maculae, describing the skin lesion as a diagnostic tool for the identification of chronic fluoride poisoning.ibid.Chizzola Maculae.
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Macula is a term used by archaeologists to describe small two-dimensional features of ancient human origin visible on an aerial photograph, such as points, spots or patches, which may represent features such as burial places, pits, Grubenhäuser (homesteads with sunken floors), constructions based on posthole or features above ground level. Maculae are differentiated from other features visible in aerial photographs such as enclosures, linear features and linear systems, which include path, roads, boundaries or limits. Identification and interpretation of maculae in air photographs is difficult and depends upon the experience of the observer, who has to take factors such as shape, size, relative position or proximity to other maculae, ground condition and knowledge of cultural practices of ancient humans in the region under observation, into account. The term is used in a different context in art on objects where it refers to the mesh of a net (in singular), or its depiction, the plural being maculae.
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The scales on the forewings are hair brown at the base, tipped with black. There are three small black maculae, one in the middle and one at the end of the cell, the third on the middle of the plical fold. There are a few black scales at the apical fifth of the costa and at the termen but not enough to form distinct maculae. The hindwings are glossy smoke grey, densely irrorated (sprinkled) with drab at the apical area.
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The forewings have a mostly pale fuscous or grayish background. There are two small, variable, cream-colored maculae at the middle of the wing, and there may be a very small cream-colored macula on the fold. The larvae feed on Pluchea odorata.
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Hista hegemon is a moth in the Castniidae family. It is found in south-eastern Brazil. The length of the forewings is 39 mm for males and 53 mm for females. The maculae on the forewings are slightly darker than the ground colour.
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Semiotus insignis can reach a length of . The basic colour of the body varies from fulvus to luteus. The head bears a small black spot on basal half. Pronotum has five black spots (four discal maculae and one located medially along the anterior margin).
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Meliscaeva is a genus of hoverflies. They have bare eyes, bare metasternum, bare metapisternum, the anterior anepisternum is usually pilose. Wing margin with a series of minute closely spaced black maculae on posterior margin. Mostly Oriental, however, Meliscaeva cinctella is widely distributed in North America and Europe.
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Pronotum with slight anteromedial elevation at margin. Pronotum mostly covered in appressed pubescence of several colors (white, pale green, tawny, and ochre). Ochraceous pubescence forms two indistinct anterolateral maculae. Pronotum with slight constriction before anterior and posterior margins, with constrictions (particularly posteriorly) lined with row of separate, large punctures.
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Hamburg 30.32 (2002): 125–155 (see p. 129). This species is very similar to the apostulate Canoparmelia caroliniana, showing the same colour, size and reticulate maculae. C. caroliniana, however, has true isidia. Big coralloid pustules that in some cases become sorediate are a characteristic feature for C. albomaculata.
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The preliminary theory of cerebral polyopia proposed by Bender postulated that polyopia occurs as a result of instability of fixation due to occipital lobe disease. Under this explanation, small, involuntary eye movements that accompanied normal fixation were the cause of polyopic images. These involuntary eye movements lead to the development of new retinal and corresponding cortical regions that code for central vision called false maculae. Thus, polyopic images resulted from the stimulation of both the original and acquired maculae. However, Bender’s theory does not account for recent studies in which fixation did not change and no eye movements were produced while polyopia was experienced, therefore polyopic images were not a result of involuntary eye movements.
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It possesses a whitish-green thallus that measures wide, its adnate lobes measuring between wide. Its surface is smooth and irregularly cracked. The species' ramification is irregularly dichotomous, with rounded apices, an oval axillary sinus, and a black-lined margin with no cilia. It shows no lacinules while possessing laminal maculae.
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It possesses a yellowish-green thallus that measures wide, its laciniae are plane and adnate. Its surface is continuous and somewhat irregularly cracked, being isodichotomously ramified. The species' axilla is oval, it counts with truncate apices, and a black-lined margin. It shows no lacinules nor soredia while showing weakly laminal maculae.
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It possesses a whitish-green thallus that measures wide, its lobes measuring between wide. Its surface is continuous, laterally overlapping and adnate, being dichotomously ramified. The species' axillary sinus is oval, it counts with rounded apices, and a black-lined margin with no cilia. It shows no lacinules while possessing laminal maculae.
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The Ganesa Macula on Titan is the large circular spot in the lower left of this image which was thought to be an ice volcano. Macula (pl. maculae ) is the Latin word for 'spot'. It is used in planetary nomenclature to refer to unusually dark areas on the surface of a planet or moon.
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Semiotus imperialis can reach a length of . Basic colour of the body varies from fulvus to luteus. The head shows two small black spot, respectively in the middle of the anterior and the posterior border. Pronotum has a reddish median longitudinal stripe and two black marginal maculae in addition to two irregular longitudinal streaks.
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The legs are a metallic bluish black except the tibiae and basotarsomere, which is brownish orange. The wings are brownish, densely microtrichose. The abdomen is metallic steel blue; dorsum extensively dull black, shiny on lateral fourth of 1st tergum, in form of basolateral maculae on the basal half of 2nd and 3rd terga, and lateral third of the 4th tergum; sterna are shiny.
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The favored explanation for why the center visual field is preserved after large hemispheric lesions is that the macular regions of the cortex have a double vascular supply from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). If there is damage to one vascular pathway, like in the case of a MCA or PCA stroke, there is still another blood supply that the macular portions of the visual cortex can rely on. Vision in the center of the visual field is then preserved whereas vision in peripheral areas is lost due to the resulting infarct. Another possible reason is that the maculae project to both hemispheres, so in the event of a lesion in one hemisphere, the other intact hemisphere will still receive and process visual information from the maculae in both eyes.
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The female upperside is brown, decorated with a marginal line of large orange maculae bordering the hindwings and part of the forewings. Both have a white fringe. The underside is light ochre marked with a marginal line of white lunules topped with orange, and adorned with a line of black dots circled in white very marked on the fore. In Seitz it is described thus nivescens Kef.
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This depolarization will open voltage gated calcium channels. The influx of calcium then triggers the cell to release vesicles containing excitatory neurotransmitters into a synapse. The post-synaptic neurite then sends an action potential to the Spiral Ganglia of Gard. Unlike the hair cells of the crista ampullaris or the maculae of the saccule and utricle, hair cells of the cochlear duct do not possess kinocilia.
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The colour of the lichen thallus is light greenish-grey, and lacks maculae (paler spots free of photobiont). The lobes comprising the thallus surface are 1–3 cm wide and have scattered cilia on the margin, which can be relatively long – up to 5 mm. The lower surface (the prothallus) is black, rarely with white blotches, and relatively free of rhizines. The cortex contains atranorin, while the medulla contains alectoronic acid.
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However, he did not give it a name. The first conclusive identification of T. gondii in humans was in an infant girl delivered full term by Caesarean section on May 23, 1938, at Babies' Hospital in New York City. The girl began having seizures at three days of age, and doctors identified lesions in the maculae of both of her eyes. When she died at one month of age, an autopsy was performed.
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Kinocilia are present in the crista ampullaris of the semicircular ducts and the sensory maculae of the utricle and saccule. One kinocilium is the longest cilium located on the hair cell next to 40-70 stereocilia. During movement of the body, the hair cell is depolarized when the sterocilia move toward the kinocilium. The depolarization of the hair cell causes neurotransmitter to be released and an increase in firing frequency of cranial nerve VIII.
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Melanelixia lichens are foliose and have a loosely to moderately adnate attachment to their substrata. The thallus is made of plane to concave lobes with rounded tips that measure 1–6 mm wide. The upper surface of the thallus ranges in colour from olive-green to dark brown, and has a smooth or wrinkled texture. Features that are variably present on the thallus include maculae (spots or stains), soredia, isidia, and cortical hairs.
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Milefortlet 9 is situated in a field northeast of the village of Skinburness, in the civil parish of Silloth. The outline of the milefortlet was seen on aerial photographs in 1949. These show that the fortlet has external dimensions of approximately 65 metres by 61 metres with traces of a possible outer ditch. Various pits, ditches and maculae are visible close to this fortlet as cropmarks on air photographs, but it is not clear if any relate to it.
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A desmosome (; "binding body"), also known as a macula adherens (plural: maculae adherentes) (Latin for adhering spot), is a cell structure specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion. A type of junctional complex, they are localized spot-like adhesions randomly arranged on the lateral sides of plasma membranes. Desmosomes are one of the stronger cell-to-cell adhesion types and are found in tissue that experience intense mechanical stress, such as cardiac muscle tissue, bladder tissue, gastrointestinal mucosa, and epithelia.
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In other areas of the semi circular canal, specifically the ampulla, a structure known as the cupula—analogous to the gelatinous material in the maculae—distorts hair cells in a similar fashion when the fluid medium that surrounds it causes the cupula itself to move. The ampulla communicates to the brain information about the head's horizontal rotation. Neurons of the adjacent vestibular ganglia monitor the hair cells in these ducts. These sensory fibers form the vestibular branch of the cranial nerve VIII.
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Vocal fold structure in adults is quite different from that in newborns. Exactly how the VF mature from an immature monolayer in newborns to a mature three layer tissue in adults is still unknown, however a few studies have investigated the subjects and brought some answers. Hirano et al. previously found that the newborns did not have a true lamina propria, but instead had cellular regions called maculae flavae, located at the anterior and posterior ends of the loose vocal fold tissue.
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Pubic lice on the abdomen Pubic lice on the eyelashes The main symptom is itching, usually in the pubic-hair area, resulting from hypersensitivity to louse saliva, which can become stronger over two or more weeks following initial infestation. In some infestations, a characteristic grey-blue or slate coloration macule appears (maculae caeruleae) at the feeding site, which may last for days. Nits or live lice may also be visible to the unaided eye. Adult lice can sometimes be seen crawling on the skin.
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There may have been a second entrance in the south-west of the site. Later activity on the site has caused breaks in the ramparts, but the remains generally survive well. A magnetometry survey of the interior of the hillfort in 2010 revealed over 400 circular anomalies of uncertain purpose (maculae) distributed across the fort, although there were fewer around the south-east. Their size and number, as well as finds from similar features in previous excavations, suggests they may have been storage pits.
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Its metafemur is greatly enlarged, its ventral margin sinuate, with a large ventral tubercle on the basoposterior 1/3. The wings are light brown and microtrichose except for some bare portions. The abdomen's 1st tergum is black; 2nd tergum yellow except for small basomedial triangular maculae; 3rd tergum is yellow, with indistinct dark medial vitta; 4th tergum is brownish black and light yellowish brown laterally. Its 1st sternum is black; 2nd and 3rd sterna are yellow; 4th sternum is brownish black except for its yellow apical margin.
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Pronotum usually shows a uniform orange-red or yellow color, but often a dark maculae, almost rounded or a little quadrangular-shaped, occupies the center of the pronotal disk.Steward B. Peck, Robert S. Anderson Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the carrion beetles of Latin America Questiones Entomologicaes 21.247-317 1985Lúcia M. Almeida; Kleber M. Mise Diagnosis and key of the main families and species of South American Coleoptera of forensic importance Rev. Bras. entomol. vol.53 no.2 São Paulo June 2009 These carrion beetles are nocturnal.
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A map of Pluto based on Hubble images, centered on the anti-Charon hemisphere (Sputnik Planitia), covering the southern hemisphere down to 75°S New Horizons imaged all of Pluto's northern hemisphere, and the equatorial regions down to about 30° South. Higher southern latitudes have only been observed, at very low resolution, from Earth. Images from the Hubble Space Telescope in 1996 cover 85% of Pluto and show large albedo features down to about 75° South. This is enough to show the extent of the temperate-zone maculae.
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The forewings are hair brown, with a small, pinkish buff macula on the costa at two-thirds and one at the tornus with indications of a fascia between them. The apical area beyond the macula is tinged with bister and there are three black, small maculae, one in the middle and one at the end of the cell, a third just beyond the middle of the plical fold. A few black scales are found at one-third of the inner margin. The hindwings are hair brown, densely irrorated (sprinkled) with dark mouse grey.
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This image shows a desmosome junction between cells of the epidermal layer of the skin. Desmosomes, also termed as maculae adherentes, can be visualized as rivets through the plasma membrane of adjacent cells. Intermediate filaments composed of keratin or desmin are attached to membrane- associated attachment proteins that form a dense plaque on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. Cadherin molecules form the actual anchor by attaching to the cytoplasmic plaque, extending through the membrane and binding strongly to cadherins coming through the membrane of the adjacent cell.
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Maculae flavae are located at the anterior and posterior ends of the membranous parts of the VF. The histological structure of the macula flava is unique, and Sato and Hirano speculated that it could play an important role in growth, development and aging of VF. The macula flava is composed of fibroblasts, ground substances, elastic and collagenous fibers. Fibroblasts were numerous and spindle or stellate-shaped. The fibroblasts have been observed to be in active phase, with some newly released amorphous materials present at their surface. From a biomechanical point of view, the role of the macula flava is very important.
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Semi circular ducts, which are connected directly to the cochlea, can interpret and convey to the brain information about equilibrium by a similar method as the one used for hearing. Hair cells in these parts of the ear protrude kinocilia and stereocilia into a gelatinous material that lines the ducts of this canal. In parts of these semi circular canals, specifically the maculae, calcium carbonate crystals known as statoconia rest on the surface of this gelatinous material. When tilting the head or when the body undergoes linear acceleration, these crystals move disturbing the cilia of the hair cells and, consequently, affecting the release of neurotransmitter to be taken up by surrounding sensory nerves.
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In similar fashion, transient increases or decreases in firing rate from spontaneous levels signal the direction of linear accelerations of the head. The range of orientations of hair cells within the utricle and saccule combine to effectively gauge the linear forces acting on the head at any moment, in all three dimensions. Tilts of the head off the horizontal plane and translational movements of the head in any direction stimulate a distinct subset of hair cells in the saccular and utricular maculae, while simultaneously suppressing responses of other hair cells in these organs. Ultimately, variations in hair cell polarity within the otolith organs produce patterns of vestibular nerve fiber activity that, at a population level, unambiguously encode head position and the forces that influence it.
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Its thorax's mesonotum is largely shiny, with a pair of interrupted medial white pollinose vittae; the postalar callus is black; its scutellum is shiny, with dense medial tufts of black pile, with the rest of the disc being black pilose, with a dense ventral fringe of white pile; the pleuron is sparsely white pollinose; halter orange with brown head; calyter white with black margin and fringe; plumula black. Its legs are bluish black except for orange femoral-tibial joints and apices of pro- and mesotibiae. The wings are hyaline and microtrichose except for brown maculae and bare areas. Its abdomen is shiny except sparsely pollinose on the 1st segment and sterna; dorsum black pilose; the venter is white pilose except black on the 5th sternum.
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The glabella tapers forward and is relatively long, with the frontal lobe boss-like or pointy, followed by three rings or pairs of lobes (defined by furrows that may or may not cross over the midline), and finally at the back of the cephalon the so-called occipital ring. On the ventral side of the cephalon, the palate (or hypostome) is attached to the part of the calcified exoskeleton that defines the contour at the ventral side (the so-called doublure), a state called conterminant. The hypostomes of redlichiids have narrow borders, are not split into backward pointing forks, and have only small muscle attachment areas (or maculae). The articulate middle part of the exoskeleton (or thorax) is composed of many of segments that often end in a spine at the side of the animal.
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In some infestations, a characteristic grey-blue or slate coloration appears (maculae caeruleae) at the feeding site, which may last for several days. Crab louse egg on human body hair Current worldwide prevalence has been estimated at 2% of the human population, but accurate numbers are difficult to gauge because crab lice infestations are not considered a reportable condition by many governments, and many cases are self-treated or treated discreetly by primary physicians. It has been suggested that an increasing percentage of humans removing their pubic hair has led to reduced crab louse populations in some parts of the world.Bloomberg: Brazilian bikini waxes make crab lice endangered species, published 13 January 2013, retrieved 14 January 2013 Other lice that infest humans are the body louse and the head louse.
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