In December, Brooks, a gently conservative New York Times columnist, wrote that there were two kinds of Machiavellians in politics: Selfish Machiavellians and Kind Machiavellians.
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Machiavellians are only out for their own interests, which helps justify their wildly selfish and cut-throat behaviors, he says.
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James Burnham followed "The Managerial Revolution" (mentioned in your selection) with "The Machiavellians", a study of Pareto and other elite theorists.
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"It was a world of rowdy soldiers, jocks, lotharios, Machiavellians, venal cops, bitter bureaucrats wearing porno mustaches and aviator frames," Russo and Dezenhall tell us.
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In The Machiavellians, Burnham warned that in the age of the Managerial Revolution there was a danger that executive power could be taken over by "bonapartist" leaders.
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And in a situation where there's not a ton of oversight (like, say a brand new music festival on an island in the Bahamas), Machiavellians thrive, he says.
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Not only do psychopaths "have diminished levels of corporate responsibility" and Machiavellians tend to "focus on maintaining power and using manipulative behaviors," but narcissism has been linked to unethical behavior.
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Neither the Protestants nor Catholics won that war between the faiths: The instrumentalists did, the Machiavellians, the Westerners who wanted political and economic life set free from the meddling of troublesome priests and turbulent prophets.
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Even the best Machiavellians could not have contrived a plan where the Democrats got a whistleblower to file a complaint, then arrange for the acting director of national intelligence to withhold that complaint from Congress, and then launch an impeachment inquiry on President TrumpDonald John TrumpSessions says he still supports Trump despite ouster as AG House Republicans voice concerns about White House's impeachment messaging Giuliani consulted with Manafort on Ukraine info: report MORE, all in order to hurt Joe BidenJoe BidenHouse Republicans voice concerns about White House's impeachment messaging Giuliani consulted with Manafort on Ukraine info: report Top Pence adviser was on Trump-Zelensky phone call at center of whistleblower complaint: report MORE.
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Campanella described the work as representing his personal progression from rationalism to sincere Christian belief. However, both Protestants and Catholics found the arguments he presents for atheism disturbingly strong. In The 48 Laws of Power, Robert Greene categorizes it as "a book attacking free- thinkers, Machiavellians, Calvinists, and heretics of all stripes" in which Campanella made the statements of heretical beliefs relatively "[b]rief and eloquent" and those for Catholicism "stale clichés and convoluted rationales", so that the work in effect promoted heresy while on the surface arguing for conformism, and became "a bible for atheists, Machiavellians and libertines".Robert Greene, The 48 Laws of Power, New York: Penguin, 1998, , pp.
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In a later book, The Machiavellians,The Machiavellians: Defenders of Freedom (1943/1987) he developed his theory, arguing that the emerging new elite will have to retain some democratic trappings—political opposition, a free press, and a controlled "circulation of the elites". Orwell's article appeared as "Second Thoughts on James Burnham" in Polemic No 3 in May 1946 and in various essay collections, as "James Burnham and the Managerial Revolution" in a pamphlet printed by the Socialist Book Centre in Summer 1946 and as "James Burnham" in the summer 1947 issue of University Observer of Chicago. Orwell discussed Burnham's work again in a further essay "Burnham's View of the Contemporary World Struggle" published in 1947.
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Alexithymia can manifest in various degrees, depending on the individual and their environment. It may be product of a limited understanding of an emotion after a shallow experience of said emotion. Alexithymia is suspected to be the reason why machiavellians focus so much mental energy towards manipulating people and situations. They do not recognize the feeling of guilt and empathy so there is little to no consequence.
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In large samples of US college students males are on average more Machiavellian than females; in particular, males are over-represented among very high Machiavellians, while females are overrepresented among low Machiavellians.Christie, R. & Geis, F. (1970) "Studies in Machiavellianism". NY: Academic Press. A 2014 meta-analysis by researchers Rebecca Friesdorf and Paul Conway found that men score significantly higher on narcissism than women and this finding is robust across past literature.
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Burnham’s early work The Managerial Revolution sought to express the movement of all functional power into the hands of managers rather than politicians or businessmen—separating ownership and control. Many of these ideas were adapted by paleoconservatives Samuel T. Francis and Paul Gottfried in their theories of the managerial state. Burnham described his thoughts on elite theory more specifically in his book, The Machiavellians, which discusses, among others, Pareto, Mosca, and Michels. Burnham attempts a scientific analysis of both elites and politics generally.
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He wrote from prison that Atheism Conquered was "[a] volume against politicians and Machiavellians". In the second chapter, he presents arguments against religion, specifically Christianity, which he then rebuts in the remainder of the work from the perspective of the world being imbued with and an expression of the divine nature and of the unique nature of humanity in being able to achieve transcendent knowledge and religious insight. He argues that religion is part of natural law, that "human beings have a natural inclination toward justice and toward living within a religion", and that false religions are not an argument against the existence of religious truth, making a comparison with inept doctors not being an argument against the efficacy of medicine. He presents Christianity as the best candidate for a universal religion since it conforms best to natural law.
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Priscilla L. Buckley, February 11, 1991, National Review, Miles Copeland, R I P - former CIA official - obituary In 1953, Copeland returned to private life at the consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton while remaining a non-official cover operative for the CIA. He traveled to Cairo to meet Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had overthrown King Farouk and taken power in Egypt, advising Nasser on the development of the Mukhabarat and becoming Nasser's closest Western advisor. Copeland opposed major paramilitary CIA operations such as the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in 1961 on the grounds that they were impossible to keep secret due to their size. Copeland was known for his "Machiavellian sense of pessimism about human nature", which he derived in part from The Machiavellians, a book written by his "intellectual mentor", the Trotskyist- turned-conservative James Burnham.
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Orwell summarises Burnham's ideas in The Managerial Revolution and The Machiavellians and highlights inconsistencies. He believed Burnham was fascinated by power and was sympathetic to Nazi Germany while they appeared to be winning, but by 1944 had transferred his sympathy to the USSR. He noted, however, that the theme of a new (and probably servile) society—neither capitalist nor socialist—was predicted in many works such as Belloc's The Servile State, and dystopian novels such as Wells' The Sleeper Awakes, Zamyatin's We and Huxley's Brave New World. Orwell considers that Burnham differs from most other thinkers in trying to plot the course of future developments, and with the benefit of hindsight he identifies Burnham's completely erroneous prophecies in 1940 and 1941 which were #Germany is bound to win the war #Germany and Japan are bound to survive as great states and to remain the nuclei of power in their respective areas #Germany will not attack the USSR until after the defeat of Britain #The USSR is bound to be defeated Orwell then quotes an essay by Burnham entitled "Lenin's Heir" which posits a continuity between Lenin and Stalin's policies and appears to pay homage to Stalin "a great man".
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