"Because it too likely has grown a lot," Lodes said.
|
|
With those people factored in, Lodes said enrollment on HealthCare.
|
|
They began to make progress that second year, Lodes said.
|
|
"This doesn't paint a full picture," Lodes said of CMS' data.
|
|
Lodes said that a Google Trends analysis showed that visits to HealthCare.
|
|
Lodes said the campaign planned to raise additional funds from online donations.
|
|
"We need your help spreading the word," tweeted Lori Lodes, who runs the group.
|
|
As a data hungry, life hacking optimizer, I relish these mother lodes of personal information.
|
|
This includes Lori Lodes, who helped implement the Affordable Care Act under President Barack Obama.
|
|
"I think that decision backfired for Trump and what the administration was trying to accomplish," Lodes says.
|
|
Lodes was referring to the fact that there has been an increase in the number of HealthCare.
|
|
"More people than ever can find plans for less than $75/month," Lodes said in an email.
|
|
Lori Lodes arrived at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) at a critical juncture for ObamaCare.
|
|
Lori Lodes is the former director of the office of communications for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
|
|
"What that means over the long term is the health of the marketplace is at risk," Lodes said.
|
|
Lori Lodes, a former director of CMS' communication office, on Tuesday had tweeted that an extension should be granted.
|
|
Lodes said those other programs include Medicare, which serves primarily older Americans, and Medicaid, which serves mainly poor people.
|
|
"There is no doubt that the actions by the administration will mean that fewer people get covered," Lodes said.
|
|
"We were very, very focused, every waking minute of what can we do to slow this thing down," said Lodes.
|
|
"I don't actually think that's possible anymore," Lori Lodes, who worked on Obamacare enrollment in the Obama administration, told me.
|
|
The spokeswoman, Lori Lodes, said that the administration is tailoring its outreach message to people who are eligible to sign up.
|
|
Because of this confusion, Lodes said, "there is zero question that it's going to depress enrollment" in Obamacare plans in 2018.
|
|
The ideal TV advertising campaign, for example, would cost about $15 million, said Lodes, who is helping to oversee Get Covered.
|
|
Lori Lodes, a spokeswoman for the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, said those details will be disclosed later this week.
|
|
With fewer discoveries, however, miners exploiting new lodes hope by the time they are up and running, the market will have turned.
|
|
Lodes, the former Obama administration official, said she expects another 50,000 or more enrollments could come from those two groups of people.
|
|
So, Lodes and Joshua Peck — who also helped oversee past enrollment efforts — launched a group called Get America Covered in early October.
|
|
The group's initial focus, co-founder Lori Lodes said, will be on partnerships with employers, community organizations and other existing avenues for outreach.
|
|
Ex-CMS staffer buoys ObamaCare Lori Lodes arrived at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) at a critical juncture for ObamaCare.
|
|
Throughout her efforts, Lodes said she has heard story after story from people who didn't have access to the health care they needed.
|
|
"I think, overall, people were surprised at just how good the numbers were," said Lori Lodes, a former health official in the Obama administration.
|
|
Lori Lodes, a co-founder of the group, said the effort by insurers focused on local markets could not match the impact of a national campaign.
|
|
The key, Lodes said, was blanketing people with information — from television ads and email and text message reminders to working with community-based groups and churches.
|
|
Lodes told CNBC that the campaign has an initial budget of "six figures," with that funding coming from individuals, organizations and foundations, whom she declined to identify.
|
|
For one, the group of six doesn't have the dozens of staff they would at the CMS or the power that comes with the government, Lodes said.
|
|
Lodes noted that the poll, which questioned 200 insured people and 200 uninsured people, was conducted a week before Trump made his decision to end the CSR payments.
|
|
"It's incredible how many people signed up for coverage this year," said Lori Lodes, an Obama administration official and a founder of Get America Covered, a nonprofit group.
|
|
Lodes said that navigators, in addition to helping people sign up in Obamacare plans, are responsible for steering people to other health coverage programs they might be qualified for.
|
|
When I spoke with Lori Lodes, the co-founder of Get Covered, back in September, she said a national TV campaign should have at least $15 million behind it.
|
|
" Lodes, who served as a top health care official in the Obama administration, said these figures are an "incredible indicator of just how much people want quality, affordable coverage.
|
|
They need some persuading that the ACA's coverage will help them in an unlikely medical event and that they will be able to afford it, Sebelius and Lodes said.
|
|
"We're having this debate about the tax plan, and it feels like there is no oxygen to talk about open enrollment in the media," says Lodes, of Get Covered America.
|
|
Lodes said some people believe that Obamacare, which requires most Americans to have some form of health coverage or pay a fine, is no longer the law of the land.
|
|
Lodes and other former Obama administration officials recently launched a group, Get America Covered, to counteract what they have called sabotage of the health-care law by the Trump administration.
|
|
Lori Lodes, a former spokeswoman for CMS in the Obama administration, said there are several reasons to doubt that the navigator program is performing as poorly as the Trump administration suggests.
|
|
"I don't understand how they would be releasing such misleading data three weeks before the enrollment deadline if they were not trying to hurt enrollment or morale" among navigators, Lodes said.
|
|
"I really do think what they want to be able to do is come out on December 16 and say, 'See, we told you Obamacare is imploding; it's failing,'" Lodes said.
|
|
Friday, "Waits at call center are over 22 minutes ... which is incredibly long for this early," said Lori Lodes, a former Obama administration health official and one of Get America Covered's founders.
|
|
"It's the biggest start to open enrollment ever," said Lori Lodes, an Obama administration official and a founder of Get America Covered, a nonprofit group helping people get information about insurance options.
|
|
Since leaving the administration, Lodes and other Democrats have come to believe that the Trump administration is actively working to sabotage the Affordable Care Act and health coverage gains made under Obama.
|
|
"I'm very concerned about the final couple of weeks, because we're not where we need to be to match where we were last year," says Lori Lodes, executive director of Get Covered America.
|
|
Lori Lodes, a former HHS official who co-founded the enrollment group Get America Covered, said that during the year ago period's first 210 days, the daily average for sign-ups was 21,018.
|
|
Lori Lodes, a former top Obama admnistration health official now involved in an Obamacare advocacy group, Get America Covered, said HHS had buried some good news for customers in its 40-page report.
|
|
"If the administration was committed to making sure people had the information they needed to sign up for health care, we wouldn't need to start Get America Covered," Lodes said in a statement.
|
|
"We had a lot to prove to the American people," Lodes, who ran outreach and public education for ObamaCare's marketplaces until March of last year, said in a recent interview with The Hill.
|
|
Until Obama left office in January, Slavitt, Lodes, Peck and other top federal health officials had been avid promoters of ACA enrollment efforts, highlighting sign-up deadlines and touting the advantages of having coverage.
|
|
"If the administration was committed to making sure people had the information they needed to sign up for health care, we wouldn't need to start Get America Covered," said campaign co-founder Lori Lodes.
|
|
As big, rich deposits of metals get mined out and new ones become harder to find, miners are being forced to widen their search for new mother lodes into regions with higher perceived risks.
|
|
After eight months of Republicans fighting to repeal it while claiming it's failing, people like Lodes worry that many Americans think the law either is already gone or won't be around for much longer.
|
|
Obama administration officials like Lori Lodes, who previously ran health law outreach, said that television ads were the most effective way to run Obamacare outreach — and that the Trump administration has zeroed out that budget.
|
|
His mother, a singer who had given up a career in order to raise children, was the daughter of a geologist who, as the chief of California's Division of Mines, mapped the state's mineral lodes.
|
|
Lodes, the Obamacare advocate, and other supporters of the health-care law have predicted that as a result of those actions, enrollment in individual health plans will be lower for 2018 than it was for 2017.
|
|
Lodes said she was willing to bet that "there's a reason they didn't provide the breakdown" for the percentage of customers in 2018 who will be able to buy a plan for $50 or less per month.
|
|
"You have to make sure that the site is working to give people reasonable access to sign up, and if they cannot meet that bar, then they need to extend the deadline," Lodes said of the Trump administration.
|
|
That is around 650,000 more people than signed up at the same point in the enrollment cycle last year, according to Get America Covered, an advocacy group founded by former Obama administration health officials Joshua Peck and Lori Lodes.
|
|
" Lori Lodes, an Obama administration official and a founder of Get America Covered, a nonprofit group, said, "Over all, demand for health coverage continues to outpace demand from previous years, showing just how much people value having health insurance.
|
|
"Enrollment defied expectations and the Trump administration's efforts to undermine it by cutting Open Enrollment in half and outreach and advertising by 85033%," Lori Lodes, a former Obama administration official now working to sign people up, wrote in an email.
|
|
Zinc mine supply has been shrinking as several blockbuster mines such as Australia's Century and Ireland's Lisheen have dried up with no new major lodes in the pipeline, and as prices near six-year lows force miners to slash output.
|
|
Lodes' fellow co-founder at Get American Covered, Joshua Peck, recently estimated that the administration's pullback on enrollment promotion efforts will lead to at least 1.1 million fewer people signing up for Obamacare plans this season compared with last season.
|
|
"But people's lives are at stake so everyone has to step up and fill whatever gaps they can so people get the health care they need," said Lodes, a former communications director for the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
|
|
MELBOURNE, Feb 25 (Reuters) - South Australia is putting A$250,000 ($166,000) up for grabs in a crowdsourcing competition to uncover more mineral reserves, as the industry taps expertise from a wide array of disciplines to find new large mineral lodes.
|
|
Former Clinton deputy national press secretary Jesse Ferguson, senior adviser Leslie Dach and communications department chief of staff Lori Lodes are all consulting for Protect Our Care, the coalition fighting Trump and congressional Republicans over the future of the Affordable Care Act.
|
|
"Imagine how many more people would be signing up if the administration stopped their efforts to undermine the law and actually got the word out about open enrollment," said Lodes, who co-founded a group called Get America Covered to promote sign-ups this season.
|
|
"The moment that we're in is terrifying for a lot of women, and the story that Margaret Atwood created captures that fear so incredibly well," said Lori Lodes, an adviser for Demand Justice, a liberal advocacy group that organized the recent protests at the Senate.
|
|
"There's a renewed urgency that I haven't seen in the past couple of years," said Lori Lodes, a former Obama administration health official who runs Get America Covered, a group working with local officials to fill the gap left by the Trump administration's cuts.
|
|
From these rich lodes emerges a history with the sort of granular details — there's an entire chapter, for example, devoted to the knout, the lash and other tools of corporal punishment — that make the terror of the "very name 'Siberia' " so vividly, so luridly clear.
|
|
"Whenever there was any sort of issue that prevented people from being able to sign up for health care ... whenever we had an issue that made that process difficult, or consumers weren't able to quickly sign up, we ended up doing an extension," Lodes told CNBC.
|
|
"If the administration was committed to making sure people had the information they needed to sign up for health care, we wouldn't need to start Get America Covered," said Lori Lodes, who oversaw outreach, paid media and public education for three of ObamaCare's open enrollment periods.
|
|
This is what Lori Lodes, who helped run Obamacare outreach for a few years, had to say about it on Twitter: There have been many Republican claims that Obamacare is "collapsing" lately — despite forecasts from independent agencies like the Congressional Budget Office that estimate the law's marketplaces are small but stable.
|
|
Lori Lodes and Joshua Peck, who oversaw enrollment efforts in the Department of Health and Human Services under President Barack ObamaBarack Hussein Obama3 real problems Republicans need to address to win in 2020 Obama's high school basketball jersey sells for 0,85033 at auction Dirty little wars and the law: Did Osama bin Laden win?
|
|
Lori Lodes and Joshua Peck, who oversaw enrollment efforts in the Department of Health and Human Services under President Barack ObamaBarack Hussein Obama3 real problems Republicans need to address to win in 85033 Obama's high school basketball jersey sells for 0,000 at auction Dirty little wars and the law: Did Osama bin Laden win?
|
|
Meaghan R. Smith, who served as the communications director at the Department of Health and Human Services under Mr. Obama, and Lori Lodes, who was the spokeswoman at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, have become the de facto press secretaries for the effort, working to influence stories written by political and health care reporters.
|
|
"Hiding information and making it more difficult for consumers to learn about the Affordable Care Act and what it means in their lives is just the latest in a string of efforts by the Trump Administration to sabotage the health-care law," said Lori Lodes, who previously served as communications director for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the HHS division that directly oversees Obamacare.
|
|
The lodes are therefore roughly parallel with the boundary fault of the Massif Central north of Saint-Pardoux- la-Rivière. The lodes of the Neuil Mine are no single occurrence. To the northwest (towards Nontron) several other lodes follow, which were also mined (Le Puy Mine, Cantonnier Lode, Tabataud Quarry among others).
|
|
The spatial arrangement of the lodes points towards local southeasterly extension within the basement rocks. By that time the paragneisses had cooled down to below 300° C. Additionally the lodes experienced shearing motions as shown be the mylonitized edges. This fact combined with the variations in strike possibly hints at a shear zone oriented southeast: the lodes following N 065 can then be interpreted as antithetic surfaces, whereas the lodes following N 045 are probably R'- Riedel shears. Furthermore the fairly steep northwesterly dip of the lodes hints at a top to the southeast sense of motion (“bookshelfing”).
|
|
Mining was a thriving industry on the Isle of Man up until the early part of the 20th century. The sett of the Maughold Mine comprised 95 acres and consisted of three lodes with strong branches or feeders between them. Of these lodes the No.1 or Eastern lode was between and whilst the No.2 or Western lode was . The lodes ran in the same direction as the Great Laxey lodes and adjoined that of the Dhyrnane Mine.
|
|
Village green with part of the Thetford catchwater drain on the left There are many man-made waterways, or Lodes nearby, including Wicken Lode and Soham Lode. Researchers suggest the Fenland Lodes are Roman in origin—almost certainly Soham Lode.Astbury (1958) p. 171 Other researchers disagree, presenting a case for such lodes being Anglo-Saxon or later.
|
|
Lodes is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
|
|
Porcelaneous datolite occurred in the amygdaloidal lodes as veins, vesicle filling, and nodules.
|
|
A radiometric lead isotope study on the basement lodes yielded an age of 300 to 250 million years BP (Lougnon, J. et al. 1974). The lodes belong clearly to a late Variscan phase and were definitely formed after the intrusion of the Piégut-Pluviers Granodiorite into the paragneisses during the late Pennsylvanian (elsewhere lodes can be found that also formed within the granodiorite). Yet the metal impregnation is most likely genetically related to the granodiorite.
|
|
Altogether 17 southeast-northwest-striking lodes are encountered. They only reach thicknesses of about 3 centimeters, an exception being the Puyssechet lode near the Moulin Blanc quarry, which is 30 cm thick and strikes east-west. Besides the lodes there are also some pegmatite dikes.
|
|
Birgit Lodes (born 30 April 1967) is a German musicologist and lecturer at the University of Vienna.
|
|
Where lodes of iron ore reached the surface they were worked using bell pits from Roman times.
|
|
The country rock of the mine is granite. The large mining sett (about ) is crossed by many tin-bearing lodes which are substantially vertical and trend east-north-east. Most of the mine's excavations were made into just three of these lodes and were relatively shallow.Cook et al.
|
|
The ore-bearing lodes are up to several kilometres long and are 0.5 to 3m wide on average.
|
|
Operating since the 1950s, the mines are the site of some of Argentina's best agate, amethyst, quartz and topaz lodes.
|
|
These gold-bearing quartz lodes were consumed by the erosion that produced the placer gold deposits in Confederate and White Gulch.
|
|
Since 2013 she has been a member of the Academia Europaea. Lodes is a member of the advisory board of the '.
|
|
The pit lies in the southern part of the Central Black Forest, immediately south of the 1,284-metre-high peak of Schauinsland. There are numerous lodes which descend very steeply from east to west and run largely parallel to the Upper Rhine Graben. The lodes are formed from quartz, baryte and carbonate and contain exploitable quantities of zincblende and galena. The host rocks are gneisses and migmatites.
|
|
The two silver lodes associated with the Hermosa Mine are fault breccias embedded in rhyolite dating back to the Triassic or Jurassic period. The two lodes intersect at some depth below , and runs to a depth of at least . The ore mineral, cerargyrite, is located in a gangue of quartz with hematite, psilomelane, and limonitic material. The veins are of irregular and varying widths, which is a negative factor in mining.
|
|
Those mineral lodes vary in thickness from a few inches to several feet. Where the lodes outcrop on the surface, mineral-rich rocks were eroded and washed away in the streams, providing the early adventurers their first chance to recover the minerals exposed and locally accumulated in "placers". This is essentially a tin-producing sett with a limited output of arsenic, but little or no copper was extracted from it.
|
|
The heights rise about 100 metres above the floors of the northwards-running Schwarzbach valley and the Große Mittweida valley to the south. The hill contains several lodes and deposits of ore. Within them, non-ferrous metal skarns occur - some forming gravel deposits and bearing pyrites - as well as lodes of a bismuth-cobalt-nickel-silver formation. As early as the 17th century the Knochen was opened up by numerous pits.
|
|
Most of the gold mined in the Fimiston Open Pit occurs within ore lodes formed by ancient shears in a rock unit called the Golden Mile Dolerite. The gold mining area of Kalgoorlie-Boulder-Fimiston has long been called the Golden Mile because of the geographical concentration of rich mines in that area, even though the lodes occur in an area over 2 km in length and 1 km in depth.
|
|
The most important lodes in the region around Wieden are the fluorite-barite lodes known as Tannenboden, Anton, Werner II, Hoffnung and Finstergrund, which all run in a north to south direction. The latter is 3.5 km long and the most significant hydrothermal lode in the area. The visitor mine (Gallery 5) runs along this lode for 430 metres. Its thickness varies between a few centimetres and 4 metres.
|
|
The Glassford Creek copper lode was discovered in 1893. Initially it was mined for silver then in 1896 for gold and subsequently for copper. The two most important lodes on the Glassford field were the Blue Bag Mine in the north and the Lady Inez Mine in the south. Practically all production on the field came from these two lodes with the Blue Bag Mine the major producer.
|
|
In most countries in the 19th and early 20th century, it was very unlikely that a prospector would retire rich even if he was the one who found the greatest of lodes. For instance Patrick (Paddy) Hannan, who discovered the Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie, died without receiving anywhere near a fraction of the value of the gold contained in the lodes. The same story repeated at Bendigo, Ballarat, Klondike and California.
|
|
The mine covered only 12 acres (4.8 ha) but had rich tin lodes. In addition to tin and copper, pyrite was also mined here between 1872 and 1887.
|
|
The new owner, F. L. Stamp, commenced work on the mine in June and put down six prospecting holes to obtain new lodes. The mine rarely operated thereafter.
|
|
Birgit Lodes: Zur musikalischen Passgenauigkeit von Beethovens Kompositionen mit Widmungen an Adelige. "An die ferne Geliebte" op. 98 in neuer Deutung, in: Widmungen bei Haydn und Beethoven. Personen – Strategien – Praktiken.
|
|
The country rock at the mine is killas, mostly hard, blue-grey rock. The mine's main produce was copper and tin derived from the nearby Tregonning-Godolphin granite, part of the Cornubian batholith. There were four main lodes at the mine, two of which were crossed by two wide elvan dykes, wide. At the intersections the lodes widened and mineralization spread through the dykes, forming irregular masses which were stoped to the full width of the dykes.
|
|
In 1899 a German company (the German Lancelot Tin Mining Company) purchased the Lancelot Mine and proposed naming the area Lancelot after the mine and later proposed to establish a new town called New Frankfurt (although there is no evidence that this occurred). However, the German company did build a dam and a 5-head battery. However, by 1910 the lodes were exhausted and diamond drills were used to search for new lodes, but without success.
|
|
The Lodes Way still has a foot bridge over Burwell Lode with restricted use. A new bridge is scheduled for completion in 2013. The project has received funding of £600,000 from the Sustrans Connect2 scheme.
|
|
The Cambridgeshire Lodes are a series of man-made waterways, believed to be Roman in origin, located in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. Bottisham, Swaffham Bulbeck, Reach, Burwell, Wicken and Monks Lodes all connect to the River Cam, while Soham Lode connects to the River Great Ouse. All have been navigable historically, but some are no longer officially navigable. Bottisham Lode was navigated throughout the 19th century, and although the flood gates at its mouth were replaced in 2001, it carries a "No unauthorised vessels" notice.
|
|
From the Wennsglückter lode from where the tunnel was long enough, the 700 m long Bär cross passage was built running northwards. Despite the driving of trial pits with a total length of about 4 km it did not prove economical to recoverable the ore reserves. The weak and relatively low metal-poor lodes (Hermannsglücker, Wilhelmsglücker and Ernst lodes) that were discovered turned out at least to be mineralogically very interesting. Highlights include the arsenide nickel-cobalt ores, and a complex composition of selenide mineralizations.
|
|
Cross-joints show beautiful pyromorphite and crocoite, occasionally also cerussite. The Piégut-Pluviers granodiorite formed at the end of the Variscan orogeny in the Massif Central and is dated as Pennsylvanian ( Serpukhovian) at 325 million years BP. It is assumed that the lode was emplaced during the distensive cooling phase of the granodiorite, supported by a lead isotope date of 300 to 250 million years BP. The Cantonnier lode is not a singular occurrence but rather is accompanied by several other lodes, which were mineralized at the same time. For example, the little side stream valley is traversed by a 3 kilometer long, southeast striking lode which was also mined (the so-called Filon des Anciens). The lodes are not restricted to the granodiorite, but can also be found in its hosting paragneisses (lodes of the Le Puy mine and the Neuil mine).
|
|
The exploitable main lodes lie within an area 1.7 km wide and 3.4 km long around the summit of the Schauinsland. Mining has been carried out at up to 900 metres deep.Werner, Dennert, 2004, pp. 248 ff.
|
|
The uppermost is the path of Durin's Way, which pierces the mountain to reach the cliffs of Zirak-Zigil. The main levels of Moria span from the Doors of Durin to Dolven-View, Zelem-Melek, Nud-Melek and the East doors, known as the First Hall. Further down in the subterranean realm are the Silvertine Lodes and the Redhorn Lodes, and the furthest depths contain the submerged Water-Works, the fiery Flaming Deeps, and the Foundations of Stone, where Gandalf and the Balrog fought before ascending the Endless Stair.
|
|
Route 11 between Cambridge and Ely had a gap in the route, due to the difficulties of crossing the many waterways of the Cambridgeshire Fens. In 2011, the new bridge over Swaffham Bulbeck Lode, and surfacing of several sections of cycle path enables complete use of the route. This section of route 11 had been called the Wicken Fen Vision Spine Route, but in 2011 was named the Lodes Way. The project involves the construction of 18 km of cycleway and of a number of bridges over the man- made waterways known as lodes.
|
|
Moffat's manager, William Bonar, who had previously worked on the Palmer Goldfield, was able to accurately assess the direction of the lode and patterns and distributions to determine where it might next appear as benches and steps in the shaft, a contrasting policy to the reckless devastation of many lodes on Herberton hill. Bonar worked on two lodes the Gully and the Eastern. The two shafts were timbered in 1885 and a "Eclipse" rock drilling plant was acquired in 1887. The assays dropped in 1885 but at 8.6% the Great Northern was still very profitable.
|
|
The circumference of deposit sizes can range from a few meters, to many kilometres. A structure may consist of multiple ore shoots with some veins or lodes being as thick as , and extending to thousands of feet horizontally and vertically.
|
|
Tellurides are accountable for just about 20% of gold production and gold mineralization is hosted chiefly by Archean-aged dolerites and basalts that have been metamorphosed to the greenschist facies. This mineralization occurs in hundreds of auriferous and telluride-bearing lodes.
|
|
Charlesburg was settled in 1855. The first settler was probably Anton Reinl, an immigrant from Bohemia which was then part of Austrian Empire. Other early settlers were Raymond Lodes, Joseph Nadler, and Joseph Fisher. They spoke a dialect of German.
|
|
Mona's Herald. Monday, 31 December 1956; Page: 6 In 1875 11,898 tons of zinc blende was extracted, in 1877 186,019 ounces of silver. In 1891 the produce of the Foxdale Mines amounted to £45,200. By 1892 several Lodes were being worked.
|
|
720 In the southern part of the moor, the cassiterite was usually found in relatively large grains, but the lodes were of very variable quality.Dines 1956,p.728 These factors, combined with the fact that none of the underground workings was found to be profitable at depth, are typical of the deepest zone of tin mineralisation. The once very extensive alluvial deposits of tin ore, that were the first deposits to be mined, also point to the vast quantity of ore that once existed in lodes that have been eroded from above the granite since it was emplaced in the Carboniferous period.
|
|
The village is home to Uue-Harmi Manor, established in established in 1646, previously belonging to various Baltic German families such as the Lodes, von Wrangels, von Taubes, Zoege von Mannteuffels and von Hippiuses.Estonian Manors. Uue-Harmi Manor. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
|
|
Silver was first discovered in the area in 1865. In 1868, additional silver lodes were found near the settlement. A mining district was established, but mining was difficult due to insufficient water supplies. Water had to be transported by mules from springs 12 miles away.
|
|
Wheal Vor is an ancient mine: the ground shows the remains of old surface excavations following the lodes, and mining may have taken place here in late Roman times.Dines (1956) p.227, citing James, C.C. 1945. Great Wheal Vor, Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Corn.
|
|
Lodes in the Permian limestone include Manto ore deposits and thrust fault deposits, while those in the Cretaceous rocks are steep veins along normal faults. Smaller mines have operated in the district at various times, but the Presidio remains the largest and most continuous.
|
|
Mining in Gwennap is an industry stretching back to prehistoric times when tin streaming in the Carnon Valley is believed to have occurred. In surrounding valleys stones of cassiterite (SnO2) were washed downstream from outcropping lodes and trapped in the alluvial mud where they could be easily extracted. Later these outcropping tin lodes were worked by 'bounders' and the open workings (coffins) of these early miners are still partially visible at Penstruthal. Early evidence of the antiquity of mining in Gwennap is recorded in the Stannary Roll of 1305–06 which notes that Johannes Margh of Trevarth sent thirty shipments of tin to Truro.
|
|
The ores formed hydrothermally in a medium temperature range of 300 to 150 °C. The lodes are typical lead-zinc ores; they belong to the sphalerite-pyrite-galena- chalcopyrite association, although in Le Puy chalcopyrite is absent (in neighbouring lodes it is present). The ores most probably were exuded during the cooling process of the Piégut-Pluviers Granodiorite. At the close of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century the Le Puy Mine was together with Poullaouen and Huelgoat in Finistère, Vialas in Lozère, Pontgibaud in Puy-de-Dôme and Pontpéan in Ille-et-Vilaine one of the most important lead mines in France.
|
|
Systematic exploration of the area around the Raposos mines to the east of Morro Velho seems to have started shortly before 1910. By 1930 the main lodes that had been discovered were the Mina Grande and Espirito Santo lodes, both west of the das Velhas River, and the Morro das Bicas lode about south of Raposas on the east of the Rio das Velhas. 23,404 tons of ore were extracted from the Raposos mines between 1910 and 1928, from which of gold were extracted. Mining at the Morro das Bicas was suspended in the early 1930s but continued at the other mines, which were important producers.
|
|
Amatepec is a town and municipality, in Mexico State in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 624.9 km². The name Amatepec comes from Náhuatl meaning "hill of the Amate tree". The Spanish discovered silver lodes here in 1531, which started commercial silver mining in the area.
|
|
Ransome, pp. 42, 51. Within the blocks, the ore deposits tend to occur in nearly vertical mineralized faults or fault zones in the rhyolite. Most of the lodes in the Bullfrog Hills are not simple veins but rather fissure zones with many stringers of vein material.
|
|
Boudinaged quartz vein (with strain fringe) showing sinistral shear sense. Starlight Pit, Fortnum Gold Mine, Western Australia. Veins are of prime importance to mineral deposits, because they are the source of mineralisation either in or proximal to the veins. Typical examples include gold lodes, as well as skarn mineralisation.
|
|
Guachinango () is a town and municipality, in Jalisco in central-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 483.19 km². As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 4,138. The Spanish discovered gold lodes here in the 1540s, which started commercial gold mining in the area.
|
|
Arsenic and tungsten were also extracted for short amounts of time. First, a 45-inch pumping engine was in use, later to be replaced by a 70-inch engine on the Harvey's Engine Shaft. By 1864 the mine employed 457 people. Five lodes were worked at Wheal Fortune.
|
|
Production was cut back in the late 1860s when the price of copper declined, and some mines went below the copper lodes for tin. The tin deposits were deeper and the ores harder to dress than copper, and profits were lower. The Great Flat Lode was reached around 1872–74.
|
|
The Doora Mine opened at the end of 1870. It lay in the same district as the Moonta and Wallaroo mines. The main outcrop of copper in this area lies almost due north and south, with the lodes running east and west. The mine owners operated a light railway line.
|
|
1974, Appendix A, pp.200-201 The formation of the lodes was accompanied by extensive metasomatism which converted much of the plagioclase feldspar in the surrounding granite into the soft mineral kaolinite,Edmonds et al. 1985, p.49 and made excavation easier than it would have been in unaltered rock.
|
|
When the mines failed in the 1890s, Sandy faltered, then underwent a significant economic transformation into an agricultural community. The fact that Sandy did not disappear, like so many other mining towns that dwindled with their mother lodes, was due to its location, resources, and the spirit of its inhabitants.
|
|
Deep mining started then and continued until 1873. The mine worked five lodes, ran five engines and employed 500 people. The mine was put up for sale as a going concern in January 1885. While the mine was not exhausted, new machinery and investment was needed and if not sold, will close.
|
|
Welsh gold forms in veins or lodes of ore that yield up to 30 troy ounces per long ton (920 g/Mg). In comparison, South African gold ore yields just a quarter of a troy ounce for every tonne mined (8 g/Mg). However the South African gold fields are vastly more extensive.
|
|
The ore they contained was in places very soft and loose and the killas was also not a particularly strong rock, necessitating extensive underground timbering, particularly in the shafts. Records show that the mine had more than twenty shafts on the two lodes, and the deepest workings were at 150 fathoms (900 ft).
|
|
In 2008, together with Oleg Kuznetsov, participated in the TV3 show "Dancing with Star 2", but was voted out of the show. In 2010, together with Normunds Rutulis led the talent show "O! Karte Academy". Legante has played in two drama theater plays: "The Fierce Tears of Peter von Kant" (2003), "Lodes over Broadway".
|
|
Later, deeper and deeper shafts were necessary to find and extract the gold. At first, small syndicates of miners, crushing mills and local business men financed the mines. As the lodes ran deeper, more capital was needed to exploit them than was available locally. In 1885 several Mining Agents formed themselves into a Mining Exchange.
|
|
It was first mentioned in 1485. The owners von Lodes had built there one of the grandiosest vassal fortresses in Estonia. Ca. 30 m wide trapezoid-shaped castellum type fortress was probably built in the beginning of the 15th century. It is also possible that the manor had existed already in 13th–14th centuries.
|
|
Farouk El-Baz, "A river in the desert", Discover, July 1993. David Rohl identified Pishon with the Uizhun, placing Havilah to the northeast of Mesopotamia. The Uizhun is known locally as the Golden River. Rising near the stratovolcano Sahand, it meanders between ancient gold mines and lodes of lapis lazuli before feeding the Caspian Sea.
|
|
Erebor stood hundreds of miles from the nearest mountain range. Tolkien's rendering of Thrór's map in The Hobbit shows it with six ridges stretching out from a central peak that was snowcapped well into spring. The whole mountain was perhaps ten miles in diameter; it contained fabulous lodes of gold and jewels.The Hobbit, ch.
|
|
As of 1955 the main lodes were the Espiritu Santo, Mina Grande and Espiritu West, which were connected by underground workings and had reached a depth of about . At the end of 1955 the Raposos mines had total reserves of 1,694,080 metric tons of ore with an average of 9.5 grams of gold per ton.
|
|
The country rock at the mine was killas and the mine's main produce was copper, though small amounts of black tin, arsenic, pyrite and zinc ore were also raised.Dines 1956, p.420 There are about eight main lodes at the mine, crossed by elvan dykes. The most important lode was Virgin Lode which was stoped for over .
|
|
The former Yelta Mine lies on the modern boundary between Yelta and North Yelta. It was also the base for the separate North Yelta mine, operated by the North Yelta Mining Company, which worked lodes that continued over from the more prominent Yelta and Moonta leases. North Yelta Post Office opened in June 1877 and closed in May 1972.
|
|
Cornwall and Devon provided most of the United Kingdom's tin, copper, and arsenic until the 20th century. Originally tin was found as alluvial deposits of cassiterite in the gravels of stream beds. Eventually tin was mined underground; underground mines sprang up as early as the 16th century. Tin lodes were also found in outcroppings of cliffs.
|
|
The first quartz lodes in the Florence area might have been developed as early as 1863. Another followed around 1872-1875\. However, the location of the Florence Basin in high, extremely rugged country made transportation especially difficult. Operators had to rely on hand mills, or very small stamp mills that could be broken down into manageable components for transport.
|
|
Sultepec (Villa de Sultepec de Pedro Ascencio de Alquisiras) is a town and municipality in Mexico State in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 552.52 km². The Spanish discovered silver lodes here in 1531, which started commercial silver mining in the area. Along with Amatepec the area became known as the "Provincia de la Plata".
|
|
It ran by Soham Mere, a large inland lake which was drained in the late 18th century. In 2007 a strategy plan considered options for the management of the lodes which included rebuilding most of them at a lower level, but concluded that maintaining the banks at the existing level was a better long-term solution.
|
|
The country rock at the mine is metamorphosed killas and greenstone overlying the Carn Brea granite. The many lodes on the sett are all crossed by several elvan dykes. The mine's main produce was copper and later tin, arsenic and wolframite,Dines 1956, p.326 also small amounts of the ores of bismuth, cobalt and uranium.
|
|
Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in Earth's crust and has five stable isotopes. The most common zinc ore is sphalerite (zinc blende), a zinc sulfide mineral. The largest workable lodes are in Australia, Asia, and the United States. Zinc is refined by froth flotation of the ore, roasting, and final extraction using electricity (electrowinning).
|
|
The Milwr Tunnel is a mine drainage adit running some 10 miles from the hamlet of Cadole near Loggerheads, Denbighshire to Bagillt on the Dee Estuary in North Wales. It was originally built to drain the lead mines beneath Halkyn Mountain, which were plagued with flooding in their lower levels, but enabled the exploitation of new lodes and was variously used for the extraction of lead, zinc and limestone during its working history. It is part of a network of mines, lodes and natural cave systems – the Halkyn United Mines – that extends for up to 100 kilometres, the longest in the United Kingdom. It forms part of the mine drainage system that is responsible for draining Ogof Hesp Alyn and leaving much of the River Alyn between Loggerheads and Rhydymwyn dry during summer months.
|
|
The Neuil Mine is emplaced in Neoproterozoic paragneisses of the Variscan basement of the northwestern Massif Central. The in places tightly folded paragneisses strike mainly N 130 and dip 35° to the northeast. The ore-bearing lodes crosscut the strike of the paragneisses, their orientation varying between N 045 and N 065. Their dip is generally 65° to the north.
|
|
The galena forms mats of octahedral crystals, the sphalerite is dense and anhedral and the marcasite powdery or displays its coxcomb habit. The lodes are mylonitized at the edges; the sulfide mineral aggregates within this zone are sheared. Secondary mineralisations cover the central fracture surfaces and the mylonitic edges. In the core region geodes of quartz and of chalcedony can occur.
|
|
Gold was discovered in 1863, and placer mining started along the Yuba River in 1864. The Atlanta Lode quartz outcrop was discovered in Nov. 1864. Discovery of the Minerva, Tahoma, Last Chance, and Big lodes, with the development of the Buffalo, Monarch, General Pettit and other mines, soon followed. The Monarch Gold and Silver Mining Co. operated from 1866 until 1869.
|
|
Over 1 million ounces of gold have been recovered from placer deposits in the Circle district. Uplands with thousands of feet of generally mild relief are underlain by a complex metamorphic terrane intruded by a broad range of igneous rocks. Many gold occurrences are known, but no gold lodes are identified. Placer mining has been reported for every year since 1894.
|
|
Alaskan gold grains :"Gold nugget" may also refer to the catfish Baryancistrus xanthellus or the mango cultivar Gold Nugget. A gold nugget is a naturally occurring piece of native gold. Watercourses often concentrate nuggets and finer gold in placers. Nuggets are recovered by placer mining, but they are also found in residual deposits where the gold-bearing veins or lodes are weathered.
|
|
A gold nugget is a naturally occurring piece of native gold. Watercourses often concentrate nuggets and finer gold in placers. Nuggets are recovered by placer mining, but they are also found in residual deposits where the gold-bearing veins or lodes are weathered. Nuggets are also found in the tailings piles of previous mining operations, especially those left by gold mining dredges.
|
|
Setting up business in Lake Gulch, the Smith & Chaffee mill began working lead ore. Smith was the only man in Colorado at the time who had experience in milling quartz to extract gold. Smith soon hired himself out to various mines, and inaugurated measures for working and developing promising gold lodes in Gilpin County. In 1863, Smith and Chaffee sold their mill.
|
|
Iron ore was formerly mined in the Brendon Hills where mineral-bearing lodes provided lens-shaped bodies of ore. The highest production levels were achieved in 1877 when almost 50,000 tons were mined. Operations reduced thereafter and all work had ceased in 1910. Copper was mined near North Molton where it was found in association with lead, zinc, antimony and manganese ores.
|
|
Lodes of silver, described by geologists as supergene enrichments, were initially discovered in the Elkhorn Mountains by Peter Wys, a Swiss immigrant. Six years later, Anton Holter, a pioneer capitalist from Helena, began developing the mine. Over $14 million in silver was carried from the mine. In 1890, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act passed, creating a high demand for Elkhorn's silver.
|
|
There were indeed many silver lodes in the mountains surrounding Aspen, and the possible fortunes drew the attention of Eastern investors. The growing city was designated the temporary seat of newly created Pitkin County in 1881,Rohrbough, 29. and this attracted not only more miners but tradesmen, merchants and builders, all hoping to profit from the boom. Matthew Callahan was one of them.
|
|
The majority of the tin mines on Dartmoor are located in granite country rock and most of the lodes trend ENE–WSW and are of limited length, though there are exceptions.Dines 1956,p.719 In the underground workings, the tin ore, cassiterite, was usually found in association with large amounts of tourmaline, and in central Dartmoor with much specular haematite.Dines 1956,p.
|
|
As part of an extensive fenland region, Cottenham is drained by a system of ditches and lodes which are believed to have been built or at least significantly expanded by the Romans. The northern regions of the parish drain into the Roman Car Dyke, a large drainage ditch which traverses the Fens in between the River Cam and the River Great Ouse, and the central village drains into Cottenham Lode, one of the many Cambridgeshire Lodes used to connect villages to the River Great Ouse as it travelled towards The Wash. The north-east of the parish is bounded by a section of the major Roman road, Akeman Street. The parish is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as housing 60 tenants, however the population fluctuated until the 13th century when the parish boundaries became somewhat fixed and pastures were enclosed.
|
|
The granodiorite and quartz diorite area between Lamplugh Glacier and Reid Glacier contains most of the quartz vein gold lodes, which were produced by six mines. This is known as the Reid Inlet gold area. The Monarch Mines and the Incas Mine was discovered in 1924 by J. Ibach. The Monarch No. 1 and No. 2 veins were drift mined with 200 and 150 foot adits respectively.
|
|
At Monteponi the crystals encrust cavities in glistening granular galena; and from Leadhills, in Scotland, pseudomorphs of anglesite after galena are known. At most localities it is found as isolated crystals in the lead-bearing lodes, but at some places, in Australia and Mexico, it occurs as large masses, and is then mined as an ore of lead. Anglesite is sometimes used as a gemstone.
|
|
Excavation followed the almost vertically standing lodes or veins (Erzgängen) downwards. In their heyday the Upper Harz Mines were among the deepest in the world. For example, as early as 1700 or so shafts were already exceeding depths of 300 metres and, around 1830, a depth of 600 metres was achieved – which was considered significant at that time because it was below sea level.
|
|
That same year, gold was discovered in Idaho. By 1861, the cities of Pierce and Oro Fino in the Idaho panhandle each had twice the population of either Olympia or Vancouver on the Pacific coast. Major silver lodes were discovered that year at Silver City and Idaho City, leading to even greater population growth. Calls for local control of economic and political affairs grew stronger.
|
|
In order to continue to control the main mines on the field Moffat infiltrated the Vulcan company through nominees and within seven months he controlled 40% of the company's shares. Moffat also sought to amalgamate the Vulcan and Irvinebank Mining Companies. This confrontation and the secretiveness about the Loudoun Mill operating costs and the direction of the Vulcan lodes hampered negotiations for a co-operative operation.
|
|
The chief local industry is agriculture; major crops include rice (raised along the Hochon), as well as potatoes, hops, and honey. The 5.1 Workers' District (오일로동자구) specializes in hops production; these "5.1 Hops" are exported to other countries. Lumbering also plays a role, thanks to the extensive forests. There are various mineral deposits in the county, including lodes of copper, coal and copper pyrite.
|
|
In the 1840s an adit was driven into the hill, and lodes of mispickel and copper ore were found. The shaft of the Ivy Tor Copper mine was sunk in 1851, and the mine continued to be worked for several years. By 1867 Ivy Tor had been united with Copper Hill to form Belstone Consoles, on the river Tavy. The mispickel at Ivy Tor contained bismuth.
|
|
The sett was surrounded by that of the Great Laxey Mining Company and ran parallel with the Great Laxey lodes. At the pit head there was a washing floor, fitted with washing and dressing appliances, together with a diameter waterwheel. The mine's buildings were the Mine Captain's house, two cottages, an agent's office, a smithy and a carpenter's workshop. A lead store was also erected.
|
|
From the late 15th century until the mid 19th century, two-thirds of Africa's gold production was estimated to have originated from the Gold Coast. Annual production in the early 1980s was 12,000-15,000 kg. The major primary gold lodes are found in the shear zone between the Lower Birimian phyllites and Upper Birimian greenstones, and consist of quartz veins and lenticular reefs. The gold is usually accompanied with arsenopyrite.
|
|
Minor candidates included Mark Memoly, an Author, ATB Executive, and Retired Ford Motor Company Manager, and Mark Lodes. On July 17, 2012, Steelman's candidacy was endorsed by the former Alaska governor and 2008 Republican vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin. Steelman lost the primary election finishing a close third with 29% of the vote, to Akin's winning 36% and Brunner's 30%. Akin lost the general election by a wide margin.
|
|
Afterwards a second party was dispatched up Turnagain Arm and it too returned to report only a river lay ahead. As a result of this frustration the second body of water was given the disingenuous name "Turn Again". Early maps label Turnagain Arm as the "Turnagain River". Alaska Railroad at Turnagain Arm The mineral resources of the Turnagain-Knik region are notable for gold placers and the gold quartz lodes.
|
|
From 1896 to 1898, a large number of placer claims were staked on the streams tributary to Turnagain Arm from the north, and on a few of these claims, notably those on lower Crow Creek, mining was carried out in subsequent years. The output of placer gold was derived from the Turnagain Arm slope of the mountains. Development work on gold quartz lodes was confined largely to the Turnagain Arm basin.
|
|
It has retained its current configuration since 1931.Newberry Library. Individual County Chronologies - Piute County UT (accessed March 25, 2019) By the 1860s, mining prospectors were pushing into central and southern Utah Territory, and several mining towns, such as Bullion and Webster, appeared. Mining activity had slowed by the 1900s, but gold mining (from lodes in Tushar Mountains) had produced 240,000 ounces of gold from 1868 through 1959.
|
|
The large site was extensively surveyed by English Heritage in 1999, and details are held in the English Heritage Archive.Newman 1999, p.106 In common with most Dartmoor valleys, the entire valley floor of the upper River Plym and its tributaries are disturbed by the remains of streamworks. There are also a number of openworks that follow the lodes, and signs of leats and reservoirs and hundreds of prospecting pits.
|
|
This spirit is able to excavate more ores in one hour than miners are able to excavate in one week. He also shows his favourite miners hidden lodes of gold and silver but the miner has to throw some of his mining tools in the offered lode or it will be closed to never being seen by human eyes again.Wilhelm Grimm, Jacob Grimm: Deutsche Sagen. Hamburg 2014, p. 35.
|
|
He was funded by the Fox family and local gentry to survey Cornish mines. He developed a theory on how metal lodes had been formed. Unfortunately, he saw Robert Were Fox, who was researching in the same field, as a plagiarist. In 1832 Henwood was appointed to the office of assay-master and supervisor of tin in the duchy of Cornwall, a post from which he retired in 1838.
|
|
The results from Wheal Cupola () were inconclusive. Wheal Dream was known to have been in existence in 1770 and is believed to be the Loggans Mine. In 1851 the Mining Journal reported that the Wheal Luggan () lead lodes had recently been ″very productive″. A small shaft was sunk and an adit dug for 400 yards northwards from Loggans Moor (), along the Phillack/Gwithian parish boundary to intersect a large copper lode.
|
|
Rimini, ['rɪm ə naj] Montana, United States is a ghost town in Lewis and Clark County, which is one of the oldest mining districts in the state. It was established when silver lodes were discovered in 1864. Other names for the town were Lewis and Clark, Tenmile, Vaughn, Colorado, and Bear Gulch. It was the site of Camp Rimini, which trained dogs for use in World War II.
|
|
The Bethanga township is located in the Lachlan orogen. Compression and folding of Ordovician sediments during the Benambram orogeny, resulted in the creation of the gneisses and schists found in the Bethanga area. Bethanga gneisses are found on the hilltops and ridges around the Bethanga area. The sulphides of Iead, copper, iron, zinc, together with gold and silver, have been found associated with the gneissic rocks, both in lodes and disseminated.
|
|
The city was officially founded on July 10, 1876, after the discovery of gold. The city was named for the leads or lodes of the deposits of valuable ores. It is the site of the Homestake Mine, the largest, deepest () and most productive gold mine in the Western Hemisphere before closing in January 2002. By 1910, Lead had a population of 8,382, making it the second largest town in South Dakota.
|
|
Born in Marktredwitz, Lodes grew up in Bayreuth. In 1986 she was accepted into the Maximilianeum Foundation (Wittelsbacher Jubiläumsstiftung). From 1986 to 1991 she studied music for the teaching profession at grammar schools (with piano and violoncello) as well as musicology with the subsidiary subjects and at the Hochschule für Musik and at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. In 1988/89 she studied at the University of California.
|
|
Granby Consolidated started construction of the town in 1912. By 1914, Anyox had grown to a population of almost 3,000 residents, as the mine and smelter were put into full operation; rich lodes of copper and other precious metals were mined from the nearby mountains. Granby Consolidated moved its copper mining interests here from Greenwood, British Columbia. Copper was mined from the Hidden Creek and Bonanza deposits and smelted on site.
|
|
In geology, mineralization is the deposition of economically important metals in the formation of ore bodies or "lodes" by various process. The first scientific studies of this process took place in the English county of Cornwall by J.W.Henwood FRS and later by R.W. Fox, FRS.Embrey, P. G. and Symes, R. F. Minerals of Cornwall and Devon, London, British Museum of Natural History, 1987. hardback, 0-565-00989-3 paperback.
|
|
It represents the fluctuating fortunes of those who mined the Ottery tin lodes in the late nineteenth century and those who produced arsenic in the early twentieth century. Both tin and arsenic were extracted after 1927.Steding 2003: 20 The Ottery arsenic refinery is the oldest principal ore refinery in Australia. Arsenic mining ceased in Australia in 1952 and in New South Wales in 1936, as the Ottery Mine ended production.
|
|
Harris 1972, p. 45. Many of these ventures were unsuccessful, despite being given optimistic names like Wheal Fortune, Wheal Lucky and Wheal Prosper (the common prefix Wheal is a Celtic word meaning "mine" or "works"). Some larger mines, however, such as Eylesbarrow and the Vitifer – Birch Tor complex were productive for many years. Almost all of the underground mines re-worked lodes that had already been mined from the surface.
|
|
This is a large tin deposit to the south of Carn Brea that is tilted at an average angle of about 32 degrees. Most lodes tilt at 60 degrees or more so the lode is relatively flat, hence the name. The Wheal Basset stamps engine house was built in 1868, with an unusual configuration of two separate beam engines. The new stamps at the West Basset Mine were made by the Tuckingmill Foundry.
|
|
The Tassan Mining Company was established in the late 1840s. Total production from the mine was reported at 742 tonnes of ore, including 546 tonnes of lead and 37.478g of silver. The mineralization was hosted by two lodes each striking Northwest and dipping Eastwards.Morris J.H (1984) : The Metallic Mineral Deposits of the Lower Palaeozoic Longford-Down Inlier in the Republic of Ireland Geological Survey of Ireland RS 84/1 Mineral Resources, pp.
|
|
Near the mine ruins can be found the Bronze Age Nine Maidens Stone Circle, the Men-an-Tol and Lanyon Quoit and the Ding Dong mines themselves. These are reported to be the oldest in the West of England, dating back to prehistoric times. Ding Dong mine is likely one of the oldest mines in the United Kingdom. It was described as having 22 tin lodes connected with it and as extending over 500 acres.
|
|
Tin lodes have been prospected in the mountain. Tin ore was discovered in July 1902 by W.C.J.Bartels, but attempts to explore the mountains proved unsuccessful as the engine set up at the beach, near what is now Tin City, was defective. The mountain has placer concentrates of radioactive minerals of monazite, xenotine, and zircon. The concentrates have 0.9 percent equivalent uranium (averaging about 0.03 percent equivalent uranium) attributed to thorium in the monazite content.
|
|
Rose in Vale website Online reference There is an account of how in the early 1830s Captain Oates and his co-adventurers sank a shaft at Wheal Leisure Mine and "upon the shaft was put a steam engine and water wheel to drain the lodes."Royal Cornwall Gazette - Friday 06 April 1838, p. 4. In 1796 he married Joan Cowlin (sometimes called Cowling).Cornwall OPC Database Online reference The couple had no children.
|
|
Openworks near the Warren House Inn. Looking down one gully towards a group of them in the middle distance, and more on the left side of the ridge beyond. By the 15th century, the sources of stream tin were becoming scarce and since the demand for tin was as strong as ever, the direct working of lodes was considered viable despite the greater effort needed in both extraction and refining.Newman 1998, p.20-21.
|
|
That set off a "general stampede" into the region, especially during the following year. Eagle City, Prichard, Murrayville (quickly shortened to Murray) and other mining camps sprang into existence and claims proliferated. It did not take long for knowledgeable miners to discover that the value of the placer gold in the region would be dwarfed by the riches in silver, buried in vast silver-lead lodes. Naturally, prospectors spread further and further afield.
|
|
Lump Gulch is an area of silver and gold mines in Jefferson County in the state of Montana in the United States. It's also known as the Lump Gulch Placer and the Lump Gulch Mining District and a former mining camp called Lump Gulch City. It was named Lump Gulch in 1864 after a lump of gold found by prospectors William Sprague and Fred Jones. Gold miners flooded the area to look for lodes, but none were found.
|
|
The Yilgarn Craton is host to around 30% of the world's economically demonstrably recoverable reserves (EDR) of gold. Major gold deposits occur at Kalgoorlie, Kambalda, Mount Magnet, Boddington, Laverton and Wiluna, and are hosted in greenstone belts. These form linear belts of mafic, ultramafic and felsic volcanics, intercalated with sedimentary sequences, and have been deformed and metamorphosed. The mode of occurrence of the gold mineralisation tends to be small- to medium-sized structurally controlled lodes, shears, and quartz veins.
|
|
The bedrock underlying Newquay is the Devonian age Meadfoot Group, a succession of interbedded mudstones, siltstones and sandstones, with occasional beds of limestone. Quaternary age deposits of blown sand cover the bedrock in the western part of the town. Some mineralisation associated with the Cornubian granite batholith that intrudes into much of the peninsular is found in the western part of the town near Fistral Beach, in the form of lodes of lead and silver minerals.
|
|
The Silberberg, like the whole upper Wiese valley is mostly made of paragneisses. Also present here, are several vein-line porphyry deposits, which were probably formed towards the end of the Variscan mountain building phase,Mineralienatlas Deutschland, retrieved 5 May 2012 and amphibolite. Both are very resistant to weathering and tend, therefore, to form crags. A number of mineral lodes run through the Silberberg with a total length of several kilometres and of medium thickness up to 1.2 metres.
|
|
He submitted a report On the Geology of the Sierra Nevada, or California Range. About two months later, the Legislature created the first California Geological Survey headed by Trask, who retained the title of State Geologist. William H. Brewer's 1864 field party Within a few years the mining of placer gold began to decline and mining of quartz lodes began. These changes, coupled with publication of reports by Trask, created a public clamor for a state geological survey.
|
|
With the discovery of the great silver and gold lodes at Potosí (present-day Bolivia) and Huancavelica, the viceroyalty flourished as an important provider of mineral resources. Peruvian bullion provided revenue for the Spanish Crown and fueled a complex trade network that extended as far as Europe and the Philippines. Because of lack of available work force, African slaves were added to the labor population. The expansion of a colonial administrative apparatus and bureaucracy paralleled the economic reorganization.
|
|
South Wheal Frances and Wheal Uny The Great Flat Lode lies under the southern granite slopes of Carn Brea and so named because the tin-bearing rock was at an unusually shallow gradient of about 10 degrees to the horizontal. In other parts of Cornwall mineral bearing lodes lie at between 60 and 90 degrees to the horizontal. "Lode" is a mining term for a mineral vein. Its small gradient allowed for optimal location of the mines.
|
|
The mine was commenced by John Boyns, in circa 1830 on earlier workings, with Wheal Boys first opened, and shortly after the Growse. Water was drained from old workings by a steam engine but little ore was found and it was some years before a proft was made. Driving eastwards, towards the Botallack Mine, the Cercendrey and Cargotha lodes were intersected and a large amount of tin was raised. Wheal Boys also eventually produced a large amount of tin.
|
|
Stoping then takes place from these levels. When the ore body is more or less horizontal, various forms of room and pillar stoping, cut and fill, or longwall mining can take place. In steeply-dipping ore bodies, such as lodes of tin, the stopes become long narrow near-vertical spaces, which, if one reaches the surface is known as a gunnis or coffen. A common method of mining such vertical ore bodies is stull stoping, see below.
|
|
Zumpango del Río is the capital of Eduardo Neri Municipality, within the state of Guerrero, in central−western Mexico. The Spanish discovered silver lodes here in 1531, which started commercial silver mining in the area. Francisco de Hoyos and Juan Juan Jaramillo made the discovery when returning from a military expedition to Guerrero. Using Indian slave labor until the ban from doing so was enforced in 1550, the resultant mines produced 1000 pounds of silver by 1539.
|
|
In 1924 there was increased prospecting in the area with satisfactory results. Several new gold- bearing lodes were discovered, however most of the work was confined to the Finger Point mine. Here, the principal owners formed a syndicate and amalgamated their holdings in a lease. The claims in the area were the Blue Spec, Bosker, Brown Hill, Dinkum, Finger Print, Lucky Hit, Iona and Peg Leg, with the deepest shafts of being sunk on the Peg Leg and Finger Print respectively.
|
|
The Pinacate Mining District is a five to eight miles southwest of Perris, California. It included the Good Hope Mine, Steele's Mine, Santa Rosa (Rosalia) Mine, Virginia or Shay Mine, Santa Fe Mine and many other smaller works like the Little Maggie Mine. It produced a total of about 104,000 ounces of gold through 1959, all from the lodes of various mines. Although the district declined until the mid-1930s when attempts were made to rehabilitate the Good Hope and several other mines.
|
|
The lodes varied in width up to a maximum of around 2.4 ft (0.73 m) and were, at least in the early years of the mine's operation, sometimes of very high quality ore, uncontaminated with other unwanted metalliferous ores. The existence of these high quality ores near the surface led the miners to believe that even better ore existed deeper down, but the history of the mine suggests that this is not the case and the mineralisation becomes patchy at depth.
|
|
South Crofty is a metalliferous tin and copper mine located in the village of Pool, Cornwall, United Kingdom. An ancient mine, it has seen production for over 400 years, and extends almost two and a half miles across and down and has mined over 40 lodes. Evidence of mining activity in South Crofty has been dated back to 1592, with full-scale mining beginning in the mid-17th century. The mine went into serious decline after 1985 and eventually closed in 1998.
|
|
The Faymoreau mine was a charcoal mine. Basically, it was a coal deposit discovered by chance in 1827 by a clog-maker. This vein will soon become a real mine, as other lodes were found out, attracting miners from the entire region, but also from different parts of Europe as the mine was offering a lot of job offers. Thus for more than a century, French, Polish and Italian miners will cohabit in the mine and live split-up in the mining village.
|
|
A series of shafts follow the boundary. Nearby, on Upton Towans, was Boiling Well Mine () which closed soon after 1815. In 1819 the sett was renamed Wheal Boil and a shaft sunk between two lead lodes. The mine was abandoned in 1821 due to the 36 inch cylinder engine being unable to cope with flooding. In the 1830s the mine there was either a proposal or it was reopened, and in May 1836, offered for sale under the name Wheal Rice.
|
|
Georg Agricola Mining in the Upper Harz is inextricably bound up with metallurgy. It is the preparation and smelting of ore that enables metals to be extracted and used. Only by adapting and developing the smelting processes over the course of the centuries could mining in the region be maintained, because the lodes changed their primary metal content sharply with increasing depth. The beginnings of smelting go back to the start of mining in the Upper Harz in the Early Middle Ages.
|
|
The history of Nizhny Tagil begins with the opening of the Vysokogorsky iron ore quarry in 1696. The deposits were particularly rich, and included lodes of pure magnetic iron. The surrounding landscape provided everything needed for a successful and productive mining and smelting operation — rivers for transport, forests for fuel, and suitable climate. Over the following decades, the city developed as one of the early centers of Russian industrialization, and it has been a major producer of cast iron and steel.
|
|
Information Circular 7592. United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. Confirmation of concentration of the placer gold deposits in relatively recent times is indicated by the bones of mastodons and elephants that were dug out of the gravels. The distribution of the placer gold concentrations suggests that the common source of most of the placer gold in Confederate Gulch and White Creek was a series of quartz lodes on Miller Mountain on the divide between the two drainages.
|
|
By 1915, the company's properties included a net area of 2,166 acres, consisting of 1,672 acres of lodes, 219 acres of placers and 275 acres of millsites and homesteads. The mining claims consisted primarily of four groups, formerly owned and operated independently of each other, locally known as the "Alaska Perseverance," "Ground Hog," "Silver Bow Basin," and "Sheep Creek" groups. They covered a lode system in excess of 2 miles. The company also owned the 310-acre mill site on the Gastineau Channel.
|
|
Both John Morris and Archy purchased interest in mining properties soon after their arrival, including the Mountain Jack, Grand Turk, Golden State, and Nellie Morgan lodes, according to historian Michael A. Massie. Initially, prospects looked good in the midst of the gold rush, where the mines and adjoining businesses of South Pass City spurred employment for 2,000 workers during 1868 and 1869, according to a Stanford University study. But then came the bust. By 1870 most miners had left, leaving as few as 460 residents.
|
|
At the time, the town had two stores, a post office, two hotels (the Summit House and the Rocky Mountain House), and a sawmill. It eventually had a smelter, as well, which allowed local separation of the silver and lead ores, which are typically found together in the region. At the town's peak, the mountainside around the town was location of numerous mines on the Belle and Blance lodes, operated by the Sts. John Mining Company, after which the nearby ghost town of Saints John is named.
|
|
The majority of primary gold deposits fall into two main categories: lode gold deposits or intrusion- related deposits. Lode gold deposits, also referred to as orogenic gold are generally high-grade, thin, vein and fault hosted. They are primarily made up of quartz veins also known as lodes or reefs, which contain either native gold or gold sulfides and tellurides. Lode gold deposits are usually hosted in basalt or in sediments known as turbidite, although when in faults, they may occupy intrusive igneous rocks such as granite.
|
|
Wicken Lode Wicken Lode turns off Reach Lode, and crosses Wicken Sedge Fen, running for nearly to just short of the village of Wicken. There is a right of public navigation as far as its junction with Monk's Lode, and the stretch beyond that is only navigable by local inhabitants. The lode is not as wide or deep as the adjacent lodes, and can only be navigated by smaller craft. The waterway continues as Monk's Lode and then the New River, although these are not navigable.
|
|
In April 1861, as the American Civil War began, word got out that silver and gold lodes had been discovered by John Moss and others in El Dorado Canyon, sixty five miles above Fort Mohave near what was then considered the high water limit of navigation. George A. Johnson came up river and made a deal to supply the mines with his steamboats at $100 a ton, a lower price than the $240 a ton charged for overland freight across the Mohave Desert from Los Angeles.
|
|
The gold was in the form of reefs of gold-bearing ore which sloped downwards with loops and branches. This meant that equipment to sink shafts and extract and crush ore was needed. At first, small syndicates of miners, crushing mills and local business men financed the mines. As the lodes ran deeper, more capital was needed to exploit them than was available locally. In 1886, a display featuring ore samples from the Charters Towers mines was set up at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London.
|
|
The Middle Ages was a flourishing period for the exploitations of metal in general, a prime mover for this was the inference of monasteries in extraction of minerals.Gerrard 2000; The Institute of Metals 1991; O'Brien 2004 A famous archaeological site of this period is the northern Pennines at Brownhill, Cumbria, where lead ores were extracted from argentiferous lodes. The mine was under the jurisdiction of the Crown. The lead ores were obtained by opencasts that took a semi-ellipsoid shape thus they called "bell-pits".
|
|
The region became known as the Etheridge Gold and Mineral Field. The field peaked as a gold producer in the 1890s but was in decline by World War I. High base metal prices turned attention to lead, silver and copper and the field boomed until the onset of the Depression in the late 1920s again caused prices to drop. A brief revival in gold mining followed but the labour and materials shortages of World War Two ended all mining. The Ortona Mine copper lodes were discovered in 1899 by Scarden and Smyth, two prospectors.
|
|
Also, in 1901 he invested in mines near Yerington, Nevada and formed the Bluestone Mining & Smelting Company, one of his smaller yet still profitable operations sold after his death. He next turned to Canada, taking over the great copper nickel lodes of Sudbury, Ontario and organized the International Nickel Company (Inco), a multinational mining corporation. In 1905 he and his International Nickel partners bought into the Nipissing Mine, located in Cobalt, Ontario, 300 miles north of Toronto. In May 1906, they hit the famed "Silver Sidewalk," a vein of nearly pure silver.
|
|
5, 7 and 10, Golden Gate United, Golden Gate Consols, Tracey's Block, Morgan's Block, Roger's No.1 and Plant's Block. In 1900 the Golden Gate was still producing prodigious amounts of gold, but despite this, the profitability of the Croydon Goldfield was in decline. Despite extensive efforts to secure new payable lodes, it was the lack of success of deep exploration that spelled the end of mining at Croydon. Gold production declined during the years leading up to World War I and by 1915 most mining activities had ceased.
|
|
The Cambridge to Mildenhall line in 1895In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the area later served by the Mildenhall branch was productive of agricultural produce. The villages to the west of Fordham relied on lodes to connect waterborne transport to the River Great Ouse. Mildenhall itself, lying to the east of Fordham, used the River Lark as its transport artery. There was no satisfactory road network at this time, and the water transport was used universally, although it was slow, and imperfect for the conveyance of food crops.
|
|
Grizzly bear at Fish Creek The Nisga'a, who lived around the Nass River, called the head of Portland Canal "Skam-A-Kounst," meaning safe place, probably because it served them as a retreat from the harassment of the Haidas on the coast. They traveled in the area seasonally to pick berries. The area around the Portland Canal was explored in 1896 by Captain D.D. Gaillard of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. In 1898, gold and silver lodes were discovered in the region, mainly on the Canadian side, in the upper Salmon River basin.
|
|
This body, known as the Boulder Batholith, extends from Helena to Butte, and is the host rock for the many valuable ores mined in the region. As the granite cooled, it cracked, and hot solutions filled the cracks and formed mineral veins bearing gold and other metals. Millions of years later, weathering allowed gold in the veins to wash down to the gravels in the Boulder River valley. The Boulder mining district was essentially limited to placer mining of those gravels, because the source lodes were in other mining districts in the mountains.
|
|
Wolfram (Wolframite) deposits are found in Renwat Hill at Degana. In this mineral the tungstate of iron and manganese occurs, in the veins and lodes of granite and philites. A reserve of the order of 3,400 tones has been established. Until 1994 Hindustan Zinc (Vedanta Group) was mining here in collaboration with government of Rajasthan, but as the depth of mineral is now very deep it is not that economical to mine mineral from this reservoir so they decided to stop mining for a certain time and started to import.
|
|
Wheal Metal occupies the side of a valley drained by Sithney waters. Although no documented early history has survived, it is very likely the site was explored early on because of its ideal situation on the flank of the valley. The two known lodes intersect the stream at a 45-degree angle, providing ample opportunity for digging trenches into the sides of the hill. It is equally possible that a water-driven pump may have been in use, as suggested by the presence of a shaft now backfilled on the edge of the stream itself.
|
|
A ten-mile square area including Rocky Bar, covering much of the large basin in which it is located, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as South Boise Historic Mining District. Originally a placer mining camp, the South Boise area of Rocky Bar and Atlanta had a population of 560 by 1863. Discovery of gold and silver lodes prompted the development of underground workings and 80 arastras by 1864. Stamp mills were in operation by 1865, later improved with a 50-stamp mill by 1887.
|
|
The municipality contains the Raposos gold mines opened by the Saint John d'El Rey Mining Company around 1910. As of 1955 the main lodes were the Espiritu Santo, Mina Grande and Espiritu West, which were connected by underground workings and had reached a depth of about . At the end of 1955 the Raposos mines had total reserves of 1,694,080 metric tons of ore with an average of 9.5 grams of gold per ton. The municipality contains about 10% of the Serra do Gandarela National Park, created in 2014.
|
|
Mining is via conventional drill and blast mining via face shovels and dump trucks. Around 15 million tonnes of rock are moved in any given year, consisting primarily of waste rock. Gold within the Golden Mile lode system is unusual in that it is present as telluride minerals within pyrite. In order to recover the gold, the ore must be crushed, passed through a gravity circuit to recover the free gold present in some of the higher-grade lodes, and then subjected to flotation to produce an auriferous pyrite-telluride concentrate.
|
|
Approximately 79,000 ounces of gold production was sourced from the underground mine. Progress was made in developing access to the Cosmo, Dolly and Watu lodes. A cutback of the north wall of the open pit began (North Wall Cutback), while the underground life of mine study was completed.Annual Report 2007 AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 15 February 2017 Production decreased by 28% in 2008 to 433,000 ounces, as mining of the high-grade ore in the base of the Mega Pit was completed, with the pit reaching a depth of 440 metres.
|
|
Medieval mine on the Bockswieser Gangzug north of Oberschulenberg Mining activity in the Harz goes back to the 10th and 11th centuries. The first water wheels to supply energy to the mines were constructed in the 13th century in the Pandelbach valley southeast of Seesen. At that time mining, including this early use of water systems, was carried out by the Cistercian abbey of Walkenried. At first outcropping lodes on the surface of the ground were sought out and sections of ore near the surface were dug out with hammers and chisels.
|
|
John Norden visited in 1584 and described Camborne as "". At this time there would have been moors and rough grazing as well as small fields in the surrounding countryside. By 1708 Camborne had rights to hold markets and three fairs a year which may be an indication of tin mining in the area; Camborne's was inland and in an unfavourable location for trading. Mining is first recorded locally in the 1400s with early exploitation of the small streams cutting through the mineralised area and from shallow mines following lodes.
|
|
The tailings of that operation can be seen today, and the area is part of the Petersville State Recreation Mining Area. A cluster of deposits is in the main part of the Yentna district, near the Dutch Hills. The productive deposits here have been placer gold deposits with byproduct platinum and locally abundant cassiterite. Gold-bearing lodes in the Yentna district, which have not been as well described, include small and locally very rich deposits associated with felsic dikes and apparently low-grade deposits in major shear and altered zones.
|
|
Many of these new mining companies failed partly because promoters tended to splurge working capital on expensive machinery, rarely assessing ore reserves with any degree of thoroughness, and partly because investors sought immediate returns on their outlays once mining was commenced. Many mines were prematurely abandoned after the surface lodes were exhausted, earning some Australian promoters notoriety for dubious financial practices. Capital investment diminished when dividends ceased, and with the exhaustion of high yield surface ores, realisation costs escalated. Many British investors sought mining debentures, the most secure form of investment.
|
|
A third process for ore deposition is as an evaporite. A stringer lode is one in which the rock is so permeated by small veinlets that rather than mining the veins, the entire mass of ore and the enveined country rock is mined. It is so named because of the irregular branching of the veins into many anastomosing stringers, so that the ore is not separable from the country rock. One of largest silver lodes was the Comstock Lode in Nevada, although it is overshadowed by the more recently discovered Cannington Lode in Queensland, Australia.
|
|
The Moran family ran the hotel until the 1950s, when it was taken over by the current family of publicans. The population of Ravenswood peaked in 1903 at 4700, but after 1908 the town began to decline. As time went by the cost of extraction grew as returns lessened and Wilson lost money searching for "mother" lodes at deep levels and began to lay miners off. A strike in 1912 dragged out for eight months causing hardship and although judgement eventually favoured the miners, Wilson could no longer afford to employ many of them.
|
|
Despite the setback the mine soon reopened and continued producing ore until it closed in 1886. A 90-inch engine, supplied by Messrs Harvey and company of Hayle, came into operation on 3 June 1882 and when the of main adit level was cleared, several lodes were discovered and the Middleton's lode was longer than previously thought. The engine was christened ″Inne's Engine″ by Lady Innes. Between 1845 and 1885 it produced 48,200 tons of 62% lead ore, 212,700 ounces of silver and 280 tons of zinc ore.
|
|
Datascope was founded in 2009 by Mike Stringer and Dean Malmgren. Stringer received a BS in Engineering Physics from the University of Colorado and a PhD in Physics from Northwestern University. Malmgren received a BS from the University of Michigan and a PhD in Chemical and Biological Engineering from Northwestern University, where he was a research fellow alongside Stringer. It was during their time at Northwestern that they began to realize the lodes that could be extracted from data science, more specifically, the useful tools they can provide people, organization and companies.
|
|
Sketch of ponds, ditches and tunnels between Zellerfeld and Bockswiese around 1868 Mining becomes a very energy-intensive activity as soon as excavation extends any significant distance underground. In the Upper Harz, vein mining (Gangerzbergbau) was the main form of extraction, with excavation following the near-vertical lodes straight down into the earth. Only a few metres down the ingress of water increased the difficulty of excavation considerably. Initially it was mopped up using men standing on ladders, the so-called Wasserknechten ("water servants"), with their leather buckets.
|
|
Its lavas are made of basalt, a common grey to black or dark brown extrusive volcanic rock low in silica content (the lava is mafic) that is usually fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava on the Earth's surface. Pāhoehoe is found at the volcano, which has a smooth, billowy, undulating, or ropy surface. A pāhoehoe flow typically advances as a series of small lodes and toes that continually break out from a cooled crust.Basaltic Lava Retrieved on 2008-02-13 It also forms lava tubes where the minimal heat loss maintains low viscosity.
|
|
Like most old mines, there were occasional flurries of renewed activity whenever there were prospects of poorer ore lodes being profitably mined, usually in response to rising metal prices or more efficient extraction technologies, but generally such mining is short-lived as it is extremely price-sensitive. Coolgarra Provisional School opened on 29 April 1901 and closed on 1934. On 1 January 1909 it became Coolgarra State School. In July 1916 it became a half time provisional school in conjunction with Lower Nettles Provisional School (meaning a single teacher shared between two schools).
|
|
In December 1870 The South Australian Advertiser noted that the Wallaroo Mining Company was suspending operations at the Matta Mine and the Wandilta, but reported "a continually increasing field for operations at the Doora Mine". As reported in the Walleroo Times of 31 December 1872, a remarkable collection of copper ores and samples of the lodes from the Doora Mine and the Walleroo Mines was sent to England for the 1873 World Exhibition in Vienna, Austria. At the time of the exhibition, the mine was said to be prospering. In April 1874 the Wallaroo miners joined the Moonta miners on strike.
|
|
They floated the Hampden Copper Mines N. L. with a capital of in shares of which 200 were fully paid up. With this capital they commenced a prospecting and stockpiling program sending specimens to Dapto and Wallaroo for testing. Government Geologist, W.E. Cameron's report on the district in 1900 discouraged investors as he reported that few of the lodes, other than the Hampden Company's main lode at Kuridala, were worth working. A world price rise in copper in 1905 combined with a government decision in 1906 to extend the Great Northern railway (then connecting Townsville to Richmond) to Cloncurry, stimulated further development.
|
|
Prior to the railway being extended towards Winton and Cloncurry the town depended on the carrier trade with up to fifty teams unloading at the railway station. In 1888 Wilmetts Almanac described Hughenden as being on the direct route to Cloncurry, a district rich in minerals, including gold reefs, copper lodes and opals. Hughenden continued to prosper due to the richness of the soil and its close proximity to the Flinders River. The addition of a dumping company where wool from the surrounding district was pressed before being railed to Townsville also ensured the town's survival.
|
|
7 Ravenswood mining continued to be viable, although only a (fluctuating) percentage of the gold was being recovered from the ore. In the mid-1880s there was even a temporary increase in the goldfield's production, due to good returns from the Sandy Creek mines on the John Bull reef.also see figures in "Annual Report of the Under Secretary for Mines, for the year 1938", p.35 For the next eight years, the principal producers of the district were the General Grant, Sunset, New England, Wild Irish Girl, Melaneur and John Bull reefs, plus the silver lodes of the One Mile (at Totley).
|
|
The original inhabitants of the area later called Sunny Corner were Aboriginal people, probably from the Wiradjuri tribe or nation. Although by the time written records of the area were created there were no Aboriginal people living there, Powys notes some archaeological evidence of their occupation in the form of stone axes.Powys p182-183 The town of Sunny Corner grew up following the discovery of silver lodes in the area in 1884. This prompted a "rush" to the area, which had previously not been settled, and a town grew up on Crown Land adjacent to the mining leases.
|
|
Alluvial gold was discovered near Kainantu about 1930, by E. Ubank and N. Rowlands, who were the first Europeans in the area. Compared with the Wau-Bulolo Goldfields, where gold had just been discovered in the rich Edie Creek, the Kainantu Goldfields were neither very rich nor very extensive, and so never attracted large numbers of prospectors. By World War II the best patches of alluvial gold had been worked out, and the few lodes found had not proved economic. After the war the field provided a good living from both alluvial and lode mining for a small number of Europeans.
|
|
Alluvial gold was discovered near Kainantu about 1930, by E. Ubank and N. Rowlands, who were the first Europeans in the area. Compared with the Wau-Bulolo Goldfields, where gold had just been discovered in the rich Edie Creek, the Kainantu Goldfields were neither very rich nor very extensive, and so never attracted large numbers of prospectors. By World War II the best patches of alluvial gold had been worked out, and the few lodes found had not proved economic. After the war the field provided a good living from both alluvial and lode mining for a small number of Europeans.
|
|
The estimated cost was £40,000, which included provision for testing any mineral lodes which were found during its construction, and the rights to those minerals, together with dues payable to the Duke for their extraction, were negotiated before the project began. An Act of Parliament was obtained in 1803 which gave the proprietors the power to raise £50,000 in £50 shares for the construction of the canal. The land was donated by the Duke, who took 125 of the 1000 shares. Taylor, who also managed Wheal Friendship mine, acted as engineer, and work started in August 1803.
|
|
In 1991 she passed her first state examination in school music. 1992/93 she was a Visiting Fellow at Harvard University. In 1995, she received her doctorate with the distinction summa cum laude from the University of Munich. Her dissertation Das Gloria in Beethoven's Missa solemnis was awarded the doctorate prize of the university. From 1994 to 2004, Lodes was a research assistant, assistant and senior assistant at the Institute of Musicology at the University of Munich, and from 1998 to 2000 she was also a faculty representative of the academic mid-level faculty, receiving a three-year habilitation scholarship.
|
|
East Wheal Rose was a metalliferous mine around south east of the village of St Newlyn East and is around from Newquay on the north Cornwall coast, United Kingdom. The country rock at the mine was killas and its main produce was lead ore (galena), but as is usual when mining this mineral, commercial quantities of silver and zinc were also found and sold. Lead was found in the area in 1812 and in 1834 the mine was established, by 1846 the mine employed over 1,200 men, women and children. The two main lodes, called Middleton's Lode and East Lode, trended north-south.
|
|
During the 1870s Hunter Jack began to invite chosen prospectors into the valley, and ran a ferry across the Bridge River that virtually all entering the region had to cross. Among these were those who would eventually discover the hard rock lodes on Cadwallader Creek. Though styled the Bridge River Gold Rush, in this early period there were so few who had made it into the district that there were only forty residents during the 1890 Census, prompting the naming of one of the claims "Forty Thieves". In the 1890s intrepid prospectors searched for the underground source of that gold in the mountains.
|
|
Few of those working men found lasting wealth. However, it was Seattle's business of clothing the miners and feeding them salmon that panned out in the long run. Along with Seattle, other cities like Everett, Tacoma, Port Townsend, Bremerton, and Olympia, all in the Puget Sound region, became competitors for exchange, rather than mother lodes for extraction, of precious metals. The boom lasted well into the early part of the 20th century, and funded many new Seattle companies and products. In 1907, 19-year-old James E. Casey borrowed $100 from a friend and founded the American Messenger Company (later UPS).
|
|
As time went by the cost of extraction grew as returns lessened and Wilson lost money searching for "mother" lodes at deep levels and began to lay off miners. A strike in 1912 dragged out for eight months causing hardship and although judgement eventually favoured the miners, Wilson could no longer afford to employ many of them. The decline of the Ravenswood mines continued with the outbreak of war in 1914 increasing costs and disruptions to the labour supply. Buildings began to be sold for removal and in 1916 rail services were cut. In 1917 the New Ravenswood Company closed.
|
|
The Julliens have been farming wine for generations around > the sleepy villages of Jonquieres and Saint-Felix-de-Lodes. It was his son > Olivier Jullien who decided in 1985 to start a new winery called Mas Jullien > based on completely different principles: it would make a terroir wine, not > cooperative wine. In 1993 Jean-Pierre started a winery of his own, Cal > Demoura.' > 'We drank one of Jean-Pierre's softly earthly wines, a Coteaux du Languedoc > L'Infidèle 2001, and then a pure Cinsault, one of the five Southern varietal > with which the Julliens work, blending their wines from all five.
|
|
The presence of shallow lodes of tin and copper lying east to west made it an advantageous site for extracting metals, including, tin, lead and copper. The first settlers stayed by a crossing in the river and started extracting metal ores, and this process turned the colour of the river red. Historically, Redruth was a small market town overshadowed by its neighbours until a boom in the demand for copper ore during the 18th century. Copper ore had mostly been discarded by the Cornish tin-mining industry but was now needed to make brass, an essential metal in the Industrial Revolution.
|
|
It was established as "Hamlet of St. Anthony of the Santa Bárbara River" on December 4, 1704, by the pioneer Antônio Pereira, of São Paulo, who found there alluvial gold and lodes of precious stones. An interesting fact is that this pioneer founded the hamlet of Brumal just before then, and until today the anniversary of the district is commemorated on the eve of the municipality. In 1713 they started construction of the church of St. Anthony. Consequently, the city turned into an important passage in the route between the Corte, in Rio de Janeiro, and the central/northern mines of Minas Gerais.
|
|
The modern Spanish town of Taxco was founded by Hernán Cortés in an area previously known as Tetelcingo, because of the abundance of silver here. José de la Borda Mining here began in the pre-Hispanic period with natives extracting a number of stones for decorative and ritual purposes. The Spanish discovered silver lodes here in around 1532, which started commercial silver mining in the area. Mining operations in the area during the early colonial period was carried out mostly by mining haciendas such as the Hacienda del Chorrillo and the Hacienda San Juan Bautista, established by Cortés or his knights.
|
|
Cassiterite (tin ore) from Botallack Mine, St Just Wolframite from the Camborne-Redruth-St. Day District of Cornwall Lee Moor china clay pit showing hydraulic mining in progress Large mineral deposits are found in the vicinity of the batholith and these have been mined for thousands of years. The area has been famous for its tin since about 2000 BC. The minerals formed when fluids escaped along fractures in the hot granite as it cooled and are typically found in veins or washed into streams to form alluvium. The mineral deposits are associated with multiple lodes and fractures that dip steeply and cut across both the granites and the country rocks.
|
|
Although the copper-mining region stretched about 100 miles from northeast to southwest, the most productive early mines, working fissure veins, were those at the north end in Keweenaw County (such as the Central, Cliff, and Phoenix mines), or at the south end in Ontonagon County (such as the Minesota Mine). In Keweenaw County, the fissure lodes were nearly vertical mineralized zones with strike nearly perpendicular to that of the enclosing basalts and conglomerates. In Ontonagon County, by contrast, the fissures had strikes nearly parallel to, and dips slightly steeper than, the surrounding beds. The miners sometimes found masses of native copper up to hundreds of tons.
|
|
This was called King Pippin's Mount in ancient times, when Pippin is said to have been buried in a barrow within a fortified enclosure at the summit of the beacon. The whole structure was destroyed by miners seeking stone to build an engine house - remnants of which can still be seen today. The first recorded settlements at Foxhole date back to the Middle Ages, when the moors all around the village were worked for tin lodes cropping out at the surface. In Tudor times the tin works around Foxhole included Carpalla, Chygwyn, Goverscailt, Stennagwyn and the Fox Hole mine, from which the village takes its name.
|
|
The date that mining operations in the Foxdale district of the Isle of Man commenced is not known, but it is said that the lodes were worked by a London company early in the eighteenth century,. Local lore and examination of the remnants of ancient workings both suggest that the operations must have resulted in considerable success, so long as the primitive machinery used to purge the mines of water was of use. Queen Victoria Memorial, Foxdale Isle of Man, which was paid for and built by the Isle of Man Mining Company is said to be the oldest memorial to the reign of Queen Victoria.Peel City Guardian.
|
|
Returning to England after a visit to the eastern colonies, he was in 1852 appointed resident director of the Port Phillip and Colonial Gold Mining Company, and arrived in Melbourne towards the end of that year. In 1856 he arranged with the proprietors of some land at Clunes to commence mining operations on some quartz lodes, and erected an extensive plant of machinery in conjunction with a party of miners, afterwards called the Clunes Quartz Mining Company. This mine has continued to be worked to the present time with varying results. The total gold, raised from 1857 to 1884 was , of the value of £2,029,078 13s. 7d.
|
|
William G. Mather, the son of Samuel, guided Cleveland-Cliffs as president and later as chairman of the board during the period of 1890–1947, participating in the transition from the hard-rock iron ore of Upper Michigan to the soft hematite of Minnesota's Mesabi Range and adjacent lodes. Under Mather, Cleveland-Cliffs was a leader in the development of the classic-type lake freighter, a bulk-cargo vessel especially designed to carry Great Lakes commodities. The William G. Mather, launched in 1925, is a surviving example of this ship type. For almost a century, the black-hulled Cleveland-Cliffs ships were familiar sights on the upper lakes.
|
|
Tabor Opera House, Leadville Baby Doe, circa 1883 On May 3, 1878, the "Little Pittsburg" mine claimed by August Rische and George Hook revealed massive silver lodes and kicked off the "Colorado Silver Boom." Tabor had provisioned Rische and Hook for free, under a grubstake arrangement, and used his one-third ownership of Little Pittsburg to invest in other holdings. He eventually sold his interest for $1 million and bought sole ownership of the profitable "Matchless Mine" for $117,000. With his new wealth, Tabor established newspapers, a bank, the Tabor Opera House in Leadville, and the Tabor Grand Opera House and the Tabor Block in Denver.
|
|
A new company was formed In 1871 and the sett renamed Wheal Lucy, after the daughter of Canon Hockin who owned the mineral rights. Over £5,000 was spent on machinery and dressing floors and £765 worth of tin was sold in the early months of the mine. The mine closed in 1874 having returned 14 tons of black tin for £1,202. The mine was reworked from 1893–96, at a time when the price of tin was low and another heavy loss was made. To the east of Phillack Churchyard a shaft was sunk to 10 or 15 feet on one of the small north-south lead lodes.
|
|
Further, because metasomatism is a mass transfer process, it is not restricted to the rocks which are changed by addition of chemical elements and minerals or hydrous compounds. In all cases, to produce a metasomatic rock some other rock is also metasomatised, if only by dehydration reactions with minimal chemical change. This is best illustrated by gold ore deposits which are the product of focused concentration of fluids derived from many cubic kilometres of dehydrated crust into thin, often highly metasomatised and altered shear zones and lodes. The source region is often largely chemically unaffected compared to the highly hydrated, altered shear zones, but both must have undergone complementary metasomatism.
|
|
James Venture Mulligan reported the first tin deposits to the west of Atherton Tablelands in June 1875. Four years later a group of prospectors found tin in the Wild River and pegged the Great Northern Mine in what became the primary township of Herberton. Further tin lodes were found and in 1881 the Great Western Mine opened, followed by Eureka Creek in 1882 and Gibbs Creek in 1883. Prior to the construction of the tramways Cobb and Co provided the only reliable form of transport between the tin mining area west of the Atherton Tableland and the coastal ports of Port Douglas and Cairns.
|
|
Mining was closed down in 1919 and equipment from the operation, including the other locomotive, was sold off in 1920. Mining continued on and off up until 1961. Little remains of the of the copper mine's operations today; the single remaining tall brick chimney that dominates the site is a remnant of the failed attempt at pyritic smelting, the Burraga Dam on Thompson's Creek survives as a popular angling venue, and there are remnant shafts and slag heaps at the sites of the mine and smelters. Studies around 2012 were being conducted looking for worthwhile lodes of copper and gold at the nearby Lucky Draw Gold Mine.
|
|
Because the new manager, Joseph Cock, had yet to arrive in Nelson, a geological survey of the mines was conducted on 1 June 1864 by Dr James Hector, an assayer working for the Otago Provincial Government. On 5 July 1864 Cock and his family arrived in Nelson. The directors were disappointed when on examining the mines Cock came to the same conclusion that had already been conveyed to them regarding the chromite supplies. He set about prospecting other areas in the mineral belt in an attempt to find other workable lodes of chromite, including a deposit below the railway which would have required a branch line to be constructed.
|
|
For a few years, the rugged country of the Annan River's upper waters was able to sustain a small but vibrant tin mining industry, with lucrative tin deposits obtained directly from underground lodes, or from the creek beds and banks by sluicing in the fast flowing streams. However, this was labour-intensive and dangerous work. In addition, high cartage rates on stores was a drawback to tin mining in the district. As the accessible deposits were exhausted along the lower banks of the creeks, miners turned to the more difficult extraction of tin bearing deposits of sand and gravel from the higher terraces of the creek banks.
|
|
In the 1850s, mining began on stratiform native copper deposits in felsite-pebble conglomerates and in the upper zones of basalt lava flows (locally called amygdaloids). Although amygdaloid and conglomerate deposits tended to be lower-grade than the fissure deposits, they were much larger, and could be mined much more efficiently, with the ore blasted out, hoisted to the surface, and sent to stamp mills located at a different site. Amygdaloid and conglomerate mining turned out to be much more productive and profitable than fissure mining, and the majority of highly successful mines were on amygdaloid or conglomerate lodes. The first mine to successfully mine a stratiform ore body was the Quincy Mine in 1856.
|
|
Yegorov compared himself to a prospector who, having found a precious "lode", tries to develop it in full. When intuition and high artistic culture helped the painter feel he got close to a treasure, he developed these "lodes" for many years, advancing the found forms, postures, and positions of the figure in space. The essential difference of Yegorov’s painting technique from earlier marine art is his active use of close-ups, when the sea is depicted closely to the viewer. Previously, the sea was usually represented panoramically: the water was harmonically framed with catchy elements of the landscape, such as mountains, rocks, cliffs, and, on the other hand, the halls of high heaven.
|
|
The mine's lodes were located in an outer zone of coarse-grained biotite granite of Carboniferous age, intruded into surrounding Devonian age "killas" - a series of metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks, visible to the north west of the mine around the cliffs. As the influence of the granitic emplacement increases toward the contact zone, the killas becomes spotted with cordierite, then mica-rich phyllites and finally at the contact, banded hornfels and tourmaline schist. The tin appears as cassiterite (with around 65-70% tin), within veins associated with quartz, tourmaline, metal sulphides and fluorite. The veins are predominantly in a north west - south east orientation and the cassiterite itself forms around 1% of the vein material.
|
|
Historically, hand-mining of gold ores permitted the miners to pick out the lode quartz or reef quartz, allowing the highest-grade portions of the lodes to be worked, without dilution from the unmineralised wall rocks. Today's mining, which uses larger machinery and equipment, forces the miners to take low-grade waste rock in with the ore material, resulting in dilution of the grade. However, today's mining and assaying allows the delineation of lower-grade bulk tonnage mineralisation, within which the gold is invisible to the naked eye. In these cases, veining is the subordinate host to mineralisation and may only be an indicator of the presence of metasomatism of the wall-rocks which contains the low-grade mineralisation.
|
|
Sluicing began that year, leading to a small-scale tin mining rush into Kuku Nyungkal country during 1886. Following this rush, for a number of years, a small but vibrant tin mining industry was able to mine lucrative tin deposits directly from underground lodes, creek beds and banks. Later, the industry had to adapt to exhausted supplies by consolidating and building water channels (races) through the Upper Annan River ranges to access higher, more difficult to reach deposits. One such -long race, known as the Annan River Company Water Race, was first built at the cost of an Adelaide based company in 1902 and is now cultural heritage listed and protected as Queensland heritage.
|
|
Demand for charcoal in the smelting process rapidly depleted Gwennap's ancient woodland, leaving a wild, moorland, landscape. Deep exploitation of the tin lodes was not possible with the limited technology of the early modern period as Cornish mines were wet due to the high rainfall of the area. De-watering workings at depth with 'rag and chain pumps', leather bags or 'kibbles' (metal buckets) were all ineffective. Deep lode mining was only made possible by two innovations, the first of which occurred in 1748, when John Williams of Scorrier House initiated the construction of the Great County Adit, a phenomenal feat of engineering, which drained mine workings through a system of adits.
|
|
Founded in 1859 by prospectors during the early days of the Pike's Peak Gold Rush, the town was at the center of the region's mining district throughout the late nineteenth century. The Argo Tunnel drained and provided access to many lodes of ore between Idaho Springs and Central City. During the late twentieth century, the town evolved into a tourist center along U.S. Highway 6 and U.S. Highway 40, which ascend Clear Creek Canyon through the historic mining district. The town today is squeezed along the north side of Interstate 70, with a historical downtown in the central portion, a strip of tourist-related businesses on its eastern end, and mostly residences on its western end.
|
|
In 1861, he was one of the more successful discoverers of rich silver lodes in El Dorado Canyon on the west side of the river above Fort Mohave. There he prospected, staked out claims for the Techatticup and Queen City Mines, in what became the Colorado Mining District then rushed to San Francisco to spread the word of the strike and sold his claims to mining speculators including George Hearst for a huge profit. In 1862, he discovered the Moss Mine on the east side of the Colorado River, 9 miles from Fort Mohave in what became the San Francisco Mining District in the Spring of 1863. He dug out an estimated $250,000 in gold in a small pocket.
|
|
Research by the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments published in 1972 confirmed the work of Major Gordon Fowler of the Fenland Research Committee that the Cambridgeshire lodes were of Roman origin; they were excavated to provide navigation to a series of villages to the east of the River Cam, and probably also drainage of the surrounding fenland. The infrastructure was completed by the Car Dyke, which linked Waterbeach on the River Cam to the River Witham near Lincoln, some away. The term "Lode" denoted a watercourse in Late Middle English, being derived from the Old English "lād," meaning way or course. It did not acquire its modern meaning of a vein of metal ore until the early 17th century.
|
|
Beethoven had already explored inward feelings of longing in his setting of Matthisson's poem "", but in these poems the distance from the beloved is greater, the longing is more intense and stormier, and is no longer satisfied with merely the sound of her name, but is preoccupied with the clawing pain of separation which colours the whole surrounding landscape.Friedlaender (1924), p. 52. Max Friedlaender regarded the entire composition as autobiographical in meaning, and the subject of the composer's longing to be none other than the ', the Immortal Beloved of his letters of July 1812. More recently Birgit Lodes has argued that both text and the title page of the first edition refer to a lover far away in "heaven".
|
|
The population of Ravenswood peaked in 1903 at 4700 but after 1908 the town began to decline. As time went by the cost of extraction grew as returns lessened and Wilson lost money searching for "mother" lodes at deep levels and began to lay off miners. A strike in 1912 dragged out for eight months causing hardship and although judgement eventually favoured the miners, Wilson could no longer afford to employ many of them. The decline of the Ravenswood mines continued with the outbreak of World War I in 1914 increasing costs and disruptions to the labour supply. Buildings began to be sold for removal and in 1916 rail services were cut.
|
|
An ironworks in Raschau is mentioned for the first time in 1401. In the time of the Reformation came the first sources giving a glimpse of the villagers, and so in 1531, history records, besides 30 landowners, nine crofters and cottagers whose family names are still to be found in the village, among them Teubner, Neubert and Ficker. The 17th century in Raschau was shaped by two catastrophes, the Thirty Years' War and the plague, which last beset the village in 1680. In the time following this, Raschau developed itself quite well; besides the flourishing mining industry at the lodes around the community, there was also lace tatting and the population swelled considerably.
|
|
James Venture Mulligan is credited with the first discovery of silver at Silver Valley in 1880. By 1883, outcrops of silver, lead and galena had been found in the area and it was named Silver Valley and mining commenced. It was also known as Newellton after a pioneer family. However, while the silver mines were initially productive (one yielding up to 150 ounces of metal per ton), after a few years the silver lode was exhausted and the mines abandoned. However, in 1895, three prospector George Harrod discovered two rich lodes of tin and, with Hammond and White, established the Lancelot mine and, with Hammond, White and Daniels, established the Hadleigh Castle mine.
|
|
A legal document of 1512 about a theft of tin "near Poldyth in Wennap" indicates that mining was probably taking place around Poldice at that time, but this mine is certainly known to have been in operation by the 17th century. In 1748, Poldice's chief adventurer William Lemon and manager John Williams started the Great County Adit in the Carnon Valley. It formed a cheap and effective method of draining many of the mines in the locality and also provided a means of locating new lodes of ore. When the adit reached Poldice in the late 1760s, the mine was using two Newcomen steam engines, with cylinders of diameter 66 inches and 60 inches to drain the mine into the adit.
|
|
Barway Bridge crossing Soham Lode on a section that is still deep enough to navigate Soham Lode runs for about from the River Great Ouse about below its junction with the River Cam. Its origin is less well known than the other lodes, but it probably dates from the 1790s, when it was built to reduce flooding in the Soham and Fordham area, by carrying water from the River Snail, which formerly flowed into the River Lark, to join the Great Ouse instead. Soham is about halfway along it, and was once close to a large inland lake called Soham Mere, which was drained in the late 18th century. There is no evidence that the Lode was navigable beyond Soham.
|
|
During the 1920s, three brothers called Wellington worked the old Wheal Andrew lodes close to surface. The brothers were mining in a small way, working with primitive plant and operations, taking ore to a Cornish stamps down the valley to be treated for its tin content. Captain Josiah Paull, of the Mines and Metallurgical Club in London, reported that the ore the Wellingtons were breaking was yielding an average of 30 lb. of black tin per ton. The workings around the shaft they were working were crushed at a later date, putting the shaft out of action, and “being only ordinary Cornish miners”, the Wellingtons did not have the money to either open up the adit or put down another shaft.
|
|
10 years after the establishment of silver mining at St. Andreasberg (the Samson Pit, in 1910), the old mine was worked again by the firm of Ilseder Hütte based at Groß- Bülten near Peine as part of a national exploration programme. Although the unworkability of the collapsed and practically exhausted deposit rapidly became clear, the search for as yet still undiscovered lodes of metal continued until 1923. For about 10 years trial digs were driven northwards and northeast into the mountain, work that employed up to 42 miners. Prospecting was not only carried out at the level of the surface galleries, but also at a depth of 170 m at the face of the Sieber gallery, (the drainage gallery of the St. Andreasberg mining field).
|
|
Early in the 16th century, iron ore was found by the monks from the Grünhain Monastery at the Emmlerfelsen, which triggered the establishment of mining, foundries and ironworks in and around Raschau. By the end of the 17th century, other stone worthy of mining was found at the Raschauer Knochen (551 m), mainly tin ore, iron ore and gravel, and also small amounts of silver, whereupon new lodes began to be mined, although their yields were mostly only small. Only two of Raschau's pits brought rich deposits to light. The Allerheiligen-Fundgrube (“All Hallows Lode”) worked, besides silver, bismuth and cobalt ores, also gravel, which served as the basis for sulphur and vitriolic acid making. The Seegen Gottes (“God’s Blessing”) Lode brought up silver and tin ores.
|
|
An example of the characteristic pattern of parallel ridges and scarp left by tin-streaming, east of Fox Tor. The earliest means of recovery, known as streaming or streamworking, involved the collection of alluvial deposits from river and stream beds where they had accumulated after being eroded from the ore-bearing lodes. The geological processes that resulted in the deposition of the cassiterite in the stream beds often resulted in very pure tin gravel which was mixed with gravels of other, unwanted, minerals such as quartz, mica and feldspar, collectively known as "gangue".Newman 1998, p.11. It was relatively easy to separate these minerals on the basis of their very different specific gravities – cassiterite about 7 and gangue 3 or less.
|
|
Miners' greeting Glückauf with hammer and pick symbol above the entrance of an old mine building in the southern Ruhr Glück Auf: motto in the coat of arms of the mining town of Tsumeb, Namibia Glückauf (alternative spelling Glück auf; also, as an exclamation: Glück auf!) is the traditional German miners' greeting. It describes the hope of the miners: "es mögen sich Erzgänge auftun" ("may lodes [of ore] be opened") which is short for "Ich wünsche Dir Glück, tu einen neuen Gang auf" ("I wish you luck, open a new lode"), because, when mining for ore, without prospecting, no-one could predict with certainty whether the miners' work would lead to a reward.Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: Die alten Zechen an der Ruhr. 4. Auflage. Verlag Karl Robert Langewiesche, Königstein i.
|
|
Crystals from some other localities, notably from in Sardinia, are transparent and colourless, possessed of a brilliant adamantine lustre, and usually modified by numerous bright faces. The variety of combinations and habits presented by the crystals is very extensive, nearly two hundred distinct forms being figured by V. von Lang in his monograph of the species; without measurement of the angles the crystals are frequently difficult to decipher. There are distinct cleavages parallel to the faces of the prism (110) and the basal plane (001), but these are not so well developed as in the isomorphous minerals barite and celestite. Anglesite is a mineral of secondary origin, having been formed by the oxidation of galena in the upper parts of mineral lodes where these have been affected by weathering processes.
|
|
The syndicate developed the mine and constructed and operated the OK smelters, and was the first copper company in North Queensland to declare a dividend. Transport costs were a major obstacle for mining companies, and as the railway to nearby Mungana had recently been completed by Chillagoe Railway and Mines Limited, the OK mining venture became viable. Chillagoe mineral lodes had attracted official attention in 1888 following a report from the Mineral Lands Commissioner that John Moffat had engaged seventy-five men to prospect some of leases, and planned to finance a tramway from Montalbion to Chillagoe to redress the isolation and lack of transport. However, as copper prices were depressed and the capital market was contracting, and there was no reliable geological opinion on which to float the properties, no major development eventuated.
|
|
Lead mining commenced again in earnest in 1948 after ore prices climbed, and the tunnel was driven further south through several new lodes, in 1957 reaching a point at lode 477, the Cathole Vein, at which large quantities of sand and clay were being forced into the tunnel: no further extension was made beyond this point. In 1962, the Holywell-Halkyn Mining and Tunnel Co. Ltd, together with Halkyn District United Mines Ltd, became subsidiaries of Courtaulds, which wished to maintain the tunnel to supply water to its factory at Holywell. Lead mining was still carried out sporadically from existing veins until 1977, and maintenance work continued until 1987, when the tunnel finally closed. During its period of operation the tunnel had produced around 200,000 tons of lead ore and 80,000 tons of zinc ore.
|
|
The site lies in the valley of the River Cober on the Carnmenellis granite outcrop. The river valley was once extremely rich in tin ore because of the extensive erosion over geological time of a great depth of overlying sedimentary rocks which contained many ore-bearing lodes. Pebbles and grains of the heavy ore collected in the river gravels and sands, eventually leading to the rich tin-bearing grounds that were found near the surface of most of the river valleys flowing from the granite. Evidence that this abundance of ore was first recovered and processed in ancient times is shown by the Trenear Mortar Stone, near to the entrance of Poldark Mine. It is an outcrop of granite which has at least 17 hollows in its upper face in which tin ore would have been crushed by hand, using stones.
|
|
This was probably due to the steep slopes and significantly higher altitude along with a harsh climate and less fertile soils. Iron ore mining in the upper Fichtelnaab valley began in 1478, but only a small settlement of a few houses extended from the south up to the outskirts of what is now Fichtelberg today. In 1602, Johann Glaser founded a company of six influential and financially powerful men, in order to work with them to begin mining on Gleißingerfels (about halfway between the modern villages of Hütten und Neubau), to search for suitable iron ore lodes, smelt them in blast furnaces using the most modern and profitable methods of the day and to process them profitably. The wood that was needed in large quantities in the furnaces, forges, hammers and foundries, was available in the extensive forests of the region.
|
|
The company was formed with the intention of working the important mining sett in the Parish of Lonan comprising an area of 567 acres, and which was originally a portion of the Great Laxey Mining Company's property.Manx Sun, Saturday, February 25, 1871; Page: 9 The mining sett was surrounded by that of the Great Laxey Mining Company, running parallel with the Great Laxey lodes. The mine was originally worked by the Great Laxey Mining Company from 1856 to 1864 following which the Snaefell Mine Company was formed and which went into liquidation in 1870, with the assets of the company offered for sale. The assets were bought for the sum of £4,000 on 27 April 1870 by James Spittal, Henry Bloom Noble, Thomas Wilson and Alfred Adams who formed the Great Snaefell Mining Company in March 1871.
|
|
Mining slate for building purposes has been carried out at various locations along the river, often with small quarries being created near to where the stone was to be used. Today the only active quarry in the whole River Camel catchment area is at Delabole but there has previously been mining for lead and silver on Pentire Head and around Pinkson Creek and a copper mine at Credis above Little Petherick, Further inland the Camel and its tributaries border the St Austell mining lodes near Lanivet, and mines in this area produced tin, lead, silver, and copper. Iron ore in the form of haematite and associated manganese oxides were also mined in the area. Although not considered a great producer, Mulberry Mine near Ruthernbridge produced in the region of 1300 tons of tin between 1859 and 1916.
|
|
It was the first cocoa house built in Wales. But the industrial age created problems: in 1848, the same year the railway opened, a book was published in London entitled Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the state of Education in Wales. It detailed the poverty and hard living of many people in Bagillt and the Flintshire coalfields in the 19th century: Bagillt remained a hard-working boom town for more than a century. For instance on 31 May 1873, a local newspaper, the Wrexham Advertiser, reported that so many new coal workings had opened near Bagillt that it was becoming difficult to find enough miners to work in them: In July 1897 work commenced at Boot End, Bagillt, on the huge Milwr Tunnel which would drain water from the mines working the lead lodes under Pentre Halkyn.
|
|
Ravenswood's economy survived the 1880s due to the development of silver mines at Totley Township established about north of Ravenswood. The silver mines opened ,Maclaren, "Report on the Geology and Reefs of the Ravenswood Gold Field", pp.3, 10, mentions both dates for the silver lodes of the One Mile being "opened". "The Report of the Department of Mines, Queensland, for the year 1879" (p.22) reported that King had opened a silver lode in one of his two selections "within eight miles of Ravenswood" and Richard King floated the Ravenswood Silver Mining Company Ltd in 1882 - the year of Ravenswood's lowest gold production between 1878 and 1898.'Annual Report of the Under Secretary for Mines, for the year 1938', p.35 Silver prices were high during the 1880s, and the Totley mines encouraged the Queensland Government to approve a branch railway line (off the Northern Railway between Townsville and Charters Towers) to Ravenswood in 1882 (completed 1884).
|
|
The lode is quite deep, for the surrounding land has sunk as the peat soils have dried out, and raising of the banks has resulted in the water being up to deep in places. In 2007 the Environment Agency considered options for lowering the level of Reach Load and possibly some of the other lodes, as a way to reduce the maintenance of the banks. The report concluded that maintaining them at their present level was still the best solution, and a policy of strengthening the embankments was adopted as the way to limit the risk of major repairs being needed in the future. The Reach annual fair, which received a charter from King John, has been moved to the May bank holiday from its original Rogation Week date, to ensure that every Mayor of Cambridge, who by tradition opens the fair, gets to open one fair during a term of office.
|
|
The mine closed down in 1893, except for some work done by tributers. Herberton and the Great Northern had suffered from three serious problems in its development: reckless opening of many lodes in the early years, the difficulty in gaining exemptions to install machinery, and the expectation that the Great Northern would continue to perform as a bonanza. There were also problems right up to World War I that there was theft of rich ore and tampering with assays. The Great Northern contributed significantly to John Moffat's companies for decades. Over 30 years it produced of tin valued at at an average assay of 14%. The mill ceased for a time in 1895. Moffat succeeded in floating the Great Northern in 1901 but the mill and mine remained idle until 1902. The shaft was sunk to in the next four years. The following years of operation the assay was only 3.5% and the mill was spectacularly less successful than the first fifteen years.
|
|
Reprinted in Mathematics: People, Problems, > Results, vol. 3, ed. Douglas M. Campbell and John C. Higgins, p. 116 Eugene > Wigner > Mathematics is not a book confined within a cover and bound between brazen > clasps, whose contents it needs only patience to ransack; it is not a mine, > whose treasures may take long to reduce into possession, but which fill only > a limited number of veins and lodes; it is not a soil, whose fertility can > be exhausted by the yield of successive harvests; it is not a continent or > an ocean, whose area can be mapped out and its contour defined: it is > limitless as that space which it finds too narrow for its aspirations; its > possibilities are as infinite as the worlds which are forever crowding in > and multiplying upon the astronomer's gaze; it is as incapable of being > restricted within assigned boundaries or being reduced to definitions of > permanent validity, as the consciousness of life, which seems to slumber in > each monad, in every atom of matter, in each leaf and bud cell, and is > forever ready to burst forth into new forms of vegetable and animal > existence.
|
|
By 1848 at the time of the suspension of work at Wheal Vor one of its engines ( Bounder whim ) was moved to Old Metal shaft which reached depths of between 50 or 70 fathoms below adit, which, however, remains modest compared with the 236 fathoms reached at Wheal Vor, but nonetheless returned some rich parcels of tins. With the price of tin rising, the financial tangle which marked the end of the work at Wheal Vor was unwound, a new company was formed as Great Wheal Vor United A history of tin mining and smelting in Cornwall D.B. Barton page 100 which then acquired the sett of Wheal Metal in 1853 A history of tin mining and smelting in Cornwall D.B. Barton page 103 and continued to work its lodes deeper hitting rich deposits at 80 fathoms, and possibly starting work on a second adjacent lode named Schneider's lode in honour of the chairman of the company. In 1852 flat rods were taken from West Metal to Wheal Metal In 1855 a 26-inch whim was installed. This sett together with nearby Flow (also acquired in 1953) were the only source of income of the company, which was still putting all its resources into dewatering Wheal Vor.
|
|
The former assay office was constructed in 1899 to process ore samples from the Mt Garnet Freehold Copper and Silver Mine. The copper, silver and zinc lode at Mount Garnet was discovered in 1882 by Albert Vollenweider and Henry Faasch, who, with James McLeod, manager for John Moffat, applied for a selection of in October 1882. Moffat bought his first shares from Vollenweider, Faasch and other partners in 1884 and through the 1880s acquired further shares until he had full control. He did not develop the site until the resurgence of copper prices in the 1890s when he opened up the Mount Garnet lodes in late 1896. In May 1898, crushing machinery was delivered to the site from Glen Linedale and Montalbion and a report was prepared to promote the mine to investors. By October 1898 mining leases and town lots at Mount Garnet were being purchased. On 23 December 1898, the Mt Garnet Freehold Copper and Silver Mining Company was incorporated in Melbourne by Moffat and his associates in that city, though it was not floated until September 1899. A metallurgist and a construction engineer were appointed, assaying equipment was ordered and a brickworks and sawmill were set up in 1898 to supply building materials.
|
|
John Macdonald Cameron (8 April 1847 – 3 September 1912) was a Scottish chemist and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1892. Cameron was the only son of Lachlan Cameron of Saltburn Ross and his wife Christina Macdonald of Brackla, Nairnshire. He was educated at Sharp's Institution, Perth and entered the Inland Revenue in 1866. In 1870 he gained a Board of Inland Revenue scholarship in Science and studied at the Royal School of Mines winning 1st class prize in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry. He was a chemist in the Inland Revenue Laboratory at Somerset House from 1870 to 1874 and then became an instructor in the Chemical Research Laboratory at the Royal School of Mines. In 1879 he began in business as an assayer and mining expert.Debretts Guide to the House of Commons 1886 He contributed to a geological paper on a possible new mineral from Scotland in 1880.Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 36, 109-111 (Jan. 1880) His reports on minerals include: from India, "Quartz outcrops of Travancore Lower India"; from Mexico, "The copper, silver-lead, and gold lodes of Huacaivo in the state of Chihuahua, republic of Mexico (1883)"; and, from Brazil, "The Bituminous Deposits of Camamu Basin, Bahia, Brazil".
|
|