Our review of primary research confirmed the positive findings of at least 16 previous literature reviews.
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A dozen major literature reviews demonstrate that fat intake has little to no effect on death from cardiovascular disease.
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A dozen major literature reviews demonstrate that fat intake has little to no effect on death from cardiovascular disease.
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The OMB report has a long section looking into the employment effects of environmental regulations, assessing several studies and literature reviews.
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There aren't any equations to read or literature reviews that help explain the ways in which this report expects the health insurance marketplace to change.
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I'd love to say that's the case, but there's also the nitty-gritty work, like writing explosion results, and other unglamorous tasks, like doing literature reviews.
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A crucial point, according to the report, is the need to upgrade the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Nutrition Evidence Library (NEL), which conducts the scientific literature reviews.
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The team consulted 4,000 unique publications for the reconstruction, including peer-reviewed articles, literature reviews, household and nutritional surveys, harbor logs, and interviews with local experts and fishers.
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The researchers did a comprehensive literature review for pre-1990 models; for post-1990 models, they followed the literature reviews of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
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As is often the case with these sorts of preliminary literature reviews, the outcome is a grab-bag of intriguing results, rather than a coherent hypothesis or prescription for action.
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For instance, the guidelines' recommendation to eat "healthy whole grains" turns out not to be supported by any strong science, according to a recent study by the Cochrane Collaboration, a group specializing in scientific literature reviews.
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The What We Know Project, a research initiative I lead at Cornell's Center for the Study of Inequality, recently completed one of the largest comprehensive literature reviews to date on the well-being of people who underwent gender transition (which typically involves some combination of hormone therapy and surgery).
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According to scientific literature reviews, there is no evidence to the contrary.
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Onerva also wrote literature reviews for Helsingin Sanomat in 1910–1911 and 1925–1926.
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However, the text management capabilities also can be used to assist in systematic literature reviews.
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The journal also publishes literature reviews, theoretical articles, and papers concerning new developments in methodology.
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It welcomes different types of manuscripts, like research reports, commentaries, literature reviews, theoretical articles, and critiques.
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Schlauer, J. 2000. Literature reviews. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 29(2): 53. The holotype of N. benstonei, Clarke s.n.
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Trifid 2009(3): 18. Typical articles included matters of horticultural interest, field reports, literature reviews, and cultivar descriptions.
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Carnivorous Plant Mailing List, April 8, 1997. It was a precursor to their more exhaustive 2001 monograph, "Nepenthaceae".Schlauer, J. 1998. Literature Reviews.
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Literature reviews are also common in a research proposal or prospectus (the document that is approved before a student formally begins a dissertation or thesis).
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Taxonomist Jan Schlauer reviewed "Nepenthaceae" in the March 2002 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter.Schlauer, J. 2002. Literature Reviews. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 31(2): 63.
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This has allowed several extensive literature reviews and meta- analyses to be produced, which have found no correlation between the lunar cycle and human biology or behavior.
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Subsequent literature reviews expanded it to over seventy. The Air Force's Foreign Technical Division,Radzievskiy, V. V. and Kagal'Nikova, I. I. (1964, May 8). The nature of gravitation.
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The Carnivorous Plant FAQ. [archived page from October 10, 2010]VCPS Journal. Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society. Typical articles include matters of horticultural interest, field reports, literature reviews, and plant descriptions.
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Where the domestication of the dog took place remains debated; however, literature reviews of the evidence find that the most plausible proposals are Central Asia, East Asia, and Western Europe.
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Typical articles include matters of horticultural interest, field reports, literature reviews, and new taxon and cultivar descriptions. They are usually entirely in Japanese, although species descriptions may also be in English.
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Review articles come in the form of literature reviews and, more specifically, systematic reviews; both are a form of secondary literature. Literature reviews provide a summary of what the authors believe are the best and most relevant prior publications. Systematic reviews determine an objective list of criteria, and find all previously published original papers that meet the criteria; they then compare the results presented in these papers. Some academic journals likewise specialize in review of a field; they are known as review journals.
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Literature reviews have been showing that release of engineered nanoparticles and incurred personal exposure can happen during different work activities. The situation alerts regulatory bodies to necessitate prevention strategies and regulations at nanotechnology workplaces.
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Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews focusses on photochemistry literature reviews. It is the official journal of the Japanese Photochemistry Association and is published quarterly. The editor-in- chief is Noboru Kitamura.
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Schlauer, J. 2012. Literature reviews. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 41(3): 121. > Palaeoaldrovanda is not a seed with a basic anatropical and bitegmic > organisation; there is no evidence of a raphe, and the wall structure is > simple.
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Bulletin Contents . Australian Carnivorous Plant Society. In a special general meeting of society members, in September 2004, it was decided the bulletin would cease publication. Typical articles included matters of horticultural interest, field reports, literature reviews, and scientific studies.
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Three recently conducted literature reviews recommend the GPCOG as brief screening tool for GPs.Brodaty, H., et al., "What is the best dementia screening instrument for general practitioners to use?" American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2006. 14(5): p. 391-400.
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Haythornthwaite co-edited with Richard Andrews The SAGE Handbook of E-learning Research in 2007. This book provides the reader with substantial literature reviews of E-learning research. This book contains the basics of E-learning as well as new perspectives in the area.
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Practicing a distinct and internationally accepted approach, utilizing literature reviews and consultations with experts and stakeholders, the PHC has developed MSDS for a wide array of HCEs, ranging from multispecialty, tertiary care hospitals to previously unregulated disciplines of treatment, e.g. homeopathic clinics, matabs, etc.
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2012, pp. 442-455. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/00220671.2011.629692. This is not proven, but speculated based on literature reviews of research indicating that significant data is self-reported. Comparatively, the review of articles indicates that age differences have some indicators of cyberbullying; increasing age indicates increasing bullying behaviors.
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The Family Journal aims to advance the theory, research and practice of counseling with couples and families from a family systems perspective. The journal publishes articles which address current issues, innovative methods and professional concerns. The Family Journal also contains case studies, interviews and literature reviews.
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IBEI has a Working Papers series to disseminate academic documents representing work in progress, such as literature reviews, papers to be presented at conferences, first versions of articles or seminar drafts. The aim of this series is to provide a medium for the early publication of ongoing research projects.
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Asian American Literature. New York: HarperCollins, 1996. Her plays and stories examine the hardships that Japanese Americans faced in California's agricultural communities and in the internment camps during the second World War.Tudeau, Lawrence J. Asian American Literature: Reviews and Criticism of Works by American writers of Asian Descent.
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London: SAGE. Literature reviews show that this trend continued far into the aftermath of World War II until development and modernization became leading research themes in the 1960s (see Smith, 1956; Mowlana, 1973).Smith, B. L. (1956). Trends in research on international communication and public opinion, 1945-1955.
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The content of PGM became more science- oriented after 1880, especially under the editorship of Alexander Supan (1847–1920), who would be editor-in-chief till 1909. He introduced the Literaturberichte [Literature reviews], that would contain 24,512 reviews and bibliographic description of geographical books and articles, published between 1886 and 1909.
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CAB Direct is a source of references for the applied life sciences It incorporates two bibliographic databases: CAB Abstracts and Global Health. CAB Direct is an access point for multiple bibliographic databases produced by CABI. This database contains 8.8 million bibliographic records, which includes 85,000 full text articles. It also includes noteworthy literature reviews.
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Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions focuses on research-based principles of positive behavior support for use in school, home and community settings for people with challenges in behavioral adaptation. The journal publishes articles of empirical research, discussion and literature reviews and also provides a forum for the debate and discussion of research and findings.
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Cutaneous horns are the only examples of horns growing on people. Cases of people growing horns have been historically described, sometimes with mythical status. Researchers have not however discovered photographic evidence of the phenomenon. (Literature Reviews) There are human cadaveric specimens that show outgrowings, but these are instead classified as osteomas or other excrescences.
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Eastern towhees eat a variety of plant and animal matter. In literature reviews, eastern towhees are reported to eat seeds and fruits, several invertebrates, and occasionally small amphibians, snakes, and lizards. Reviews report eastern towhees foraging at feeders. Reviews show that animal matter makes up a larger proportion of the diet in the breeding season.
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This sentiment has been expressed in studies of information behavior literature from the early 1980s and more recent literature reviews have declared it necessary to refine their reviews to specific contexts or situations due to the sheer breadth of information behavior research available. Below are descriptions of some, but not all, metatheories that have guided LIS research.
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Topics in Early Childhood Special Education focuses on information that aims to improve the lives of young children with special needs and their families. The journal contains reports of original research, literature reviews and conceptual statements. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education primarily aims to help professionals improve service delivery systems for preschool children with special needs.
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This short stories series was the basis for his debut novel, To Jaffa, in 2010. To Jaffa was translated into German in 2012, and into Arabic in 2014. Between 2007-2010 Sikseck was among the prominent literary critics of Haaretz books supplement. Previously, he published literature reviews in the culture section of the Web site Ynet.
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He was a prolific writer, publishing hundreds of articles, literature reviews and two books. He will be known mainly for his work in promoting the idea that chromatin plays a dynamic role in regulating gene expression. He died as a result of injuries suffered in a road accident in Rio de Janeiro on 26 May 2001.
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Philosophical Investigations is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal which features articles, discussion, and literature reviews from every field of philosophy. Special issues are occasionally published on topics of current philosophical interest. It is the official journal of the British Wittgenstein Society, which aims to ensure that Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy continues to play a fertile and creative role in 21st century thought.
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The library of KNU originated in 1922. The library holds over 1.7 million physical volumes, and more than 7,000 of these books are referred as rare and valuable. Library staff are making great efforts to promote reading. Regularly held book exhibitions, literature reviews, readers' conferences, thematic and literary evenings, book presentations, meetings with famous people in the city, including writers and journalists.
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Physical Review is an American peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols. It publishes original research as well as scientific and literature reviews on all aspects of physics. It is published by the American Physical Society (APS). The journal is in its third series, and is split in several sub-journals each covering a particular field of physics.
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Connolley has authored and co-authored articles and literature reviews in the field of climatological research, with an emphasis on the climate of the Antarctic and the study of sea ice.See for example, Connolley was a member of the RealClimate website until 2007,Connolley, William (1 December 2007). "Goodbye to all that" – announcement of departure from RealClimate. RealClimate. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
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Typical articles also include matters of horticultural interest, field reports, literature reviews, synopses of new literature, and new taxa or cultivar descriptions.Species Descriptions in CPN. International Carnivorous Plant Society. The newsletter has been a registration authority for cultivars of carnivorous plants since 1979, and in 1998, was appointed by the International Society for Horticultural Science as the International Cultivar Registration Authority for new carnivorous plant cultivars.
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A pooled analysis is a statistical technique for combining the results of multiple epidemiological studies. It is one of three types of literature reviews frequently used in epidemiology, along with meta-analysis and traditional narrative reviews. Pooled analyses may be either retrospective or prospective. It is often used when the results of individual studies do not allow for a firm conclusion to be drawn.
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She quit her job in 1876, when she married Ignacy Krajewski, a professor of classical philology. The couple entertained various members of the intelligentsia at their home, including the writer Aleksander Świętochowski and the Skłodowskis. These contacts influenced Krajewska to start writing novels, poems, and literature reviews, as well as to translate. The turning point in Krajewska's life was the death of her husband in 1881.
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He served as associate chairman of the English department from 1969 to 1972 and 1977 to 1979, and then acting chairman from 1979 to 1980. From 1987 to 1990, he was the director of graduate studies. Howard authored numerous books, essays, and literature reviews, including several on English poet William Blake.Tanton: They Don't Make 'Em Like They Used To , Lacrosse Magazine, October 21, 2008.
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The North American Journal of Psychology is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1999 by Lynn E. McCutcheon, who is currently the editor-in-chief. It covers all areas of psychology, especially personality, social, and developmental psychology. The journal publishes original research articles, literature reviews, qualitative studies, and interviews with notable psychologists. It is abstracted and indexed in PsycINFO and ProQuest.
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The students colloquially call others who choose abstinence as "umqwayito", which means dried fruit/meat. An important solution for these problems is communication with adults, which the study found to be extremely lacking within adolescent social groups. Literature reviews in this field have attempted to analyze the norms present in the interactions and decision making behind these behaviors. A review conducted by Bongardt et al.
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Children's Literature Reviews . Retrieved on 2008-08-01. Bledsoe has travelled to Antarctica three times and written four books about Antarctica: The Big Bang Symphony; The Ice Cave: A Woman's Adventures from the Mojave to the Antarctic; How to Survive in Antarctica; and The Antarctic Scoop. Bledsoe has written science curriculum for National Geographic and several other educational organizations, including the George Lucas Educational Foundation and the SETI Institute.
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Since the acid or alkaline ash designation is based on the residue left on combustion rather than the acidity of the food, foods such as citrus fruits that are generally considered acidic are actually considered alkaline producing in this diet. Existing data currently supports both the proponents as well as the opponents of this hypothesis. Recent literature reviews by both groups tend towards those references that support their viewpoint.
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It closely collaborates with other major stakeholders in the field of occupational health such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Office (ILO). FIOH hosts the Cochrane Work Review Group in Kuopio. The group is part of the worldwide not-for-profit research organisation Cochrane. Cochrane Work conducts and publishes systematic literature reviews about the effectiveness of measures to improve the health and safety of workers.
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Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) is a technique used in seismic inversion to forecast the existence of reservoirs and the rock types surrounding it. Literature reviews and studies incorporate the analysis of AVO and seismic inversion in oil exploration and rock physics studies. Seismic waves projected into oil reservoirs undergoing steam injection give data that show the existence of high values of wave attenuation. This attenuation is usually based on velocity dispersion.
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Create a range of models to predict the likely impact of different scenarios. This traditionally would consist of mathematical modelling but is evolving to include "Soft System Methodologies" such as focus groups, peer ethnographic research, "what if" logical scenarios etc. 4\. Based on the output from a wide range of modelling exercises and literature reviews, open forum discussion etc., the results are analysed and structured in an easily interpreted format. 5\.
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In systematic literature reviews pearl growing is a technique used to ensure all relevant articles are included. Pearl growing involves identifying a primary article that meets the inclusion criteria for the review. From this primary article the researcher works backwards to find all the articles cited in the bibliography and checks them for eligibility for inclusion in the review. The researcher then works forwards to search for any articles that have cited the primary article.
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Recent LIS research and literature reviews are positive, including reviews by Blaise Cronin and Kara Overfelt. Cronin and Overfelt found that the University of Western Ontario was ranked 2nd regarding average number of peer-reviewed journal articles per faculty member.Cronin, B., & Overfelt, K. (1996). Brief communication postscript on program rankings. "Journal of the American Society for Information Science (1986-1998), 47"(2). doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199602)47:2<173::AID-ASI10>3.0.
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Research concerning the effects of pornography is concerned with multiple outcomes. Such research includes potential influences on rape, domestic violence, sexual dysfunction, difficulties with sexual relationships, and child sexual abuse. While some literature reviews suggest that pornographic images and films can be addictive, insufficient evidence exists to draw conclusions. Several studies conclude the liberalization of porn in society may be associated with decreased rape and sexual violence rates, while others suggest no effect, or are inconclusive. Pdf. Online. Pdf.
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Following the WPATH recommendations, several literature reviews and summaries of the state of the art were published.Berli JU, Capitán L, Simon D, Bluebond-Langner R, Plemons E, Morrison SD (2017). Facial gender confirmation surgery—review of the literature and recommendations for Version 8 of the WPATH Standards of Care. International Journal of Transgenderism Volume 18, 2017 - Issue 3 Capitán L, Simon DD, Berli JU, Bailón C, Bellinga RJ, Santamaría JG, Tenório T, Sánchez-García A, Capitán-Cañadas F (2017).
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However, the logic model is more than the graphical depiction: it is also the theories, scientific evidences, assumptions and beliefs that support it and the various processes behind it. Logic models are used by planners, funders, managers and evaluators of programs and interventions to plan, communicate, implement and evaluate them. They are being employed as well by health scientific community to organize and conduct literature reviews such as systematic reviews. Domains of application are various, e.g.
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The WFN scientific journals provides a medium for the publication of original articles in neurology and neuroscience from around the world. The journals places special emphasis on articles that: # provide guidance to clinicians around the world (Best Practices, Global Neurology); # report cutting-edge science related to neurology (Basic and Translational Sciences); # educate readers about relevant and practical clinical outcomes in neurology (Outcomes Research); and # summarise or editorialise the current state of the literature (Reviews, Commentaries, and Editorials).
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A literature review or narrative review is a type of review article. A literature review is a scholarly paper that presents the current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources and do not report new or original experimental work. Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such reviews are found in academic journals and are not to be confused with book reviews, which may also appear in the same publication.
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Although the term "prosocial behavior" is often associated with developing desirable traits in children, the literature on the topic has grown since the late 1980s to include adult behaviors as well.Prosocial Behavior. Excerpt from "More about Generosity: An Addendum to the Generosity, Social Psychology and Philanthropy Literature Reviews" , University of Notre Dame, July 7, 2009 The term "prosocial" has grown into a world-wide movement, using evolutionary science to create real-world pro-social changes from working groups to our whole culture.
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The effects of pornography on individuals or their sexual relationships depend on the type of pornography used and differ from person to person. Pornographic material has been studied particularly for associations with addiction as well as effects on the brain over time. Some literature reviews suggest that pornographic images and films can be addictive, particularly when combined with masturbation, while others maintain that data remains inconclusive. Other research has looked at pornographic material's relation to sexual violence, with varying results.
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Instead, Wang provided explicit explanation of each text by thoroughly analyzing the syntactic and semantic components of the texts. At the age of 21, Wang was invited to one of his students' house for dinner. He accidentally found fourteen boxes of books, ranging from history to astronomy to medicine, accompanied by the authors' footnotes and literature reviews of various works. Wang asked the host of the family whether he could borrow them and the host kindly lent them to him.
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JRME is devoted to the interests of teachers of mathematics and mathematics education at all levels—preschool through adult. JRME is a forum for disciplined inquiry into the teaching and learning of mathematics. The editors encourage the submission of a variety of manuscripts: reports of research, including experiments, case studies, surveys, philosophical studies, and historical studies; articles about research, including literature reviews and theoretical analyses; brief reports of research; critiques of articles and books; and brief commentaries on issues pertaining to research.
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Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature. Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients, which may include herbs, roots, flowers and essential oils, but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax, and minerals. These substances may be combined with various carrier agents, preservatives, surfactants, humectants and emulsifiers. There are no legal definitions in the U.S. for advertising terms "natural" or "organic" when applied to personal care products.
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These studies showed that base courses reinforced with Novel Polymeric Alloy geocells reduced the vertical stresses at the interface between subgrade and base course, reduced permanent and creep deformations, increased elastic deformation, stiffness, and bearing capacity of base courses.Han, J., Thakur, J.K., Parsons, R.L., Pokharel, S.K., Leshchinsky, D., and Yang, X. (2013) Additional literature reviews can be found in Kief et al (2013). and Marto (2013) Marto, A., Oghabi, M., Eisazadeh, A., (2013), Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. vol 18, Bund.
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IOM scientists investigated the health of people who lived on the island. In general the exposure of the residents was low, because most people lived well away from the area of highest ash falls, and the ash proved of relatively low toxicity. The studies of the population showed no impairment of the islanders' respiratory health. Environment and health is now a well-established area of the IOM's work, involving chemical monitoring, laboratory analysis, consultancy, literature reviews and collaborative primary research.
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The main types of literature reviews are: evaluative, exploratory, and instrumental. A fourth type, the systematic review, is often classified separately, but is essentially a literature review focused on a research question, trying to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high-quality research evidence and arguments relevant to that question. A meta-analysis is typically a systematic review using statistical methods to effectively combine the data used on all selected studies to produce a more reliable result. Torraco (2016) describes an integrative literature review.
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Johnson, Greenberg, and many of their colleagues have spent their long careers as academic researchers publishing the results of empirical studies of various forms of EFT.See, for example, the literature reviews in: ; The American Psychological Association considers emotion-focused therapy for individuals to be an empirically supported treatment for depression.; ; ; Studies have suggested that it is effective in the treatment of depression, interpersonal problems, trauma, and avoidant personality disorder.For example: ; ; ; ; ; ; Practitioners of EFT have claimed that studies have consistently shown clinically significant improvement post therapy.
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Later, his research interests shifted to public policy, and in particular to the use of case study research in studying public policy. The shift is represented by his collaborations with Eveleen Bingham,Yin, Robert K., and Karen A. Heald 1975 "Using the case survey method to analyze policy studies." Administrative Science Quarterly, 20: 371-381 Karen A. Heald,Yin, Robert K., Eveleen Bingham, and Karen A. Heald, 1976 "The difference that quality makes: The case of literature reviews." Sociological Methods and Research, 5: 139-156.
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Eastern towhee density was negatively associated with plants of the moister parts of this study area, such as black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica, p<0.006), red maple (p<0.001), and witch hazel (p<0.03). In central New Jersey eastern towhees were significantly (p=0.03) more abundant in gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa) shrubland than either eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) or multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) shrublands. Nesting habitat: Eastern towhees typically nest on or near the ground. Several literature reviews note the predominance of eastern towhee nests below .
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The contributions to the journal often represent different mediums, such as art, photography, short stories, personal accounts, poems, interviews, feminist and queer theory, and literature reviews. The order of the contributions do not follow a specific pattern. The back of the journal usually contains classified ads calling for specific submissions, workshops, conferences, publications, videos, and requests for correspondence. Ads also often advertise feminist bookstores where copies of Sinister Wisdom can be purchased, as well as other lesbian literature and arts journals for readers to subscribe to.
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According to several literature reviews, eastern towhees may renest after failed nesting attempts and can raise two, and in the south sometimes three, broods per season. In a literature review, Greenlaw reports mean breeding territory size of (range , n=24) in a mesic oak (Quercus species) forest where eastern towhees occurred at a density of 21 males/40 ha. In a xeric pine (Pinus species)-oak woodland where the eastern towhee density was 32 males/40 ha, mean eastern towhee territory size was (range , n=20).
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Due to the different nature of research fields outside of the natural sciences, the aforementioned methodological steps cannot easily be applied in business research. Early attempts to transfer the procedures from medicine to business research have been made by Tranfield et al. (2003). A step-by-step approach has been developed by Durach et al.: Based on the experiences they have made in their own discipline, these authors have adapted the methodological steps and developed a standard procedure for conducting systematic literature reviews in business and economics.
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The amount of nitrogen content in certain vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables and tubers, has been found to be lower when grown organically as compared to conventionally. When evaluating environmental toxins such as heavy metals, the USDA has noted that organically raised chicken may have lower arsenic levels. Early literature reviews found no significant evidence that levels of arsenic, cadmium or other heavy metals differed significantly between organic and conventional food products. However, a 2014 review found lower concentrations of cadmium, particularly in organically grown grains.
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It can be used to analyze interviews, focus group discussions, web pages, social media data, observations and literature reviews and enables researchers to work with content from documents, PDFs, audio and video. NVivo for Teams (NVivo Server) is designed to let users analyze and manage NVivo projects centrally so teams can work together in the same project at the same time. XSight software was released in 2006 and supported until January 2014. It was software for commercial market researchers or those undertaking short term qualitative research projects.
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The Journal of Mind and Behavior is a peer-reviewed academic journal in psychology published by the University of Maine Department of Psychology on behalf of The Institute of Mind and Behavior. The journal publishes theoretical articles and literature reviews on the philosophy of psychiatry, theories of consciousness, and treatises on the history of psychology, but not empirical work. In addition, the journal publishes critical notices and book reviews. It is abstracted in PsycINFO/Psychological Abstracts, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, EBSCO, Sociological Abstracts, and The Philosopher's Index.
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While being seemingly empirical and academic, as many studies are cited throughout the book, it is still often criticized as a biased and incomplete account of the whole picture of siblings and birth order. Because it is a novel, the research and theories proposed throughout were not criticized and peer-reviewed by other academics before its release. Literature reviews that have examined many studies and attempted to control for confounding variables tend to find minimal effects for birth order on personality.Ernst, C. & Angst, J. (1983).
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Publication bias is a type of bias with regard to what academic research is likely to be published because of a tendency of researchers, and journal editors, to prefer some outcomes rather than others e.g. results showing a significant finding, leads to a problematic bias in the published literature. This can propagate further as literature reviews of claims about support for a hypothesis will themselves be biased if the original literature is contaminated by publication bias.H. Rothstein, A. J. Sutton and M. Borenstein. (2005).
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Literature reviews are a basis for research in nearly every academic field. A narrow-scope literature review may be included as part of a peer-reviewed journal article presenting new research, serving to situate the current study within the body of the relevant literature and to provide context for the reader. In such a case, the review usually precedes the methodology and results sections of the work. Producing a literature review may also be part of graduate and post-graduate student work, including in the preparation of a thesis, dissertation, or a journal article.
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Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) is a bi-monthly psychology journal published by Taylor & Francis. The journal emphasizes the publication of empirical research articles but also publishes literature reviews, criticism, and methodological or theoretical statements spanning the entire range of social psychological issues. In 2015, the journal banned p-values (and related inferential statistics such as confidence intervals) as evidence in papers accepted by the journal, replacing hypothesis testing with "strong descriptive statistics, including effect sizes" on the grounds that "the state of the art [for hypothesis testing] remains uncertain".
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A study using (benzyloxy)acetaldehyde as the electrophile showed that the stereochemical outcome is consistent with the carbonyl oxygen binding equatorially and the ether oxygen binding axially. PyBox Stereochemical model Metal complexes incorporating bis(oxazoline) ligands are effective for a wide range of asymmetric catalytic transformations and have been the subject of numerous literature reviews. The neutral character of bis(oxazoline)s makes them well suited to use with noble metals, with copper complexes being particularly common. Their most important and commonly used applications are in carbon–carbon bond forming reactions.
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According to Plaa, much of his mechanisms- and protocols-oriented research was an effect of his original formation in criminalistics. Plaa's scientific career led to the publication of 233 peer-reviewed articles bearing his name, as well as 48 book chapters and literature reviews. He directed over thirty Master's and Ph.D. students, of which two themselves received the SOT Achievement Award, and six served as president of the Society. The UdeM Department of Pharmacology annual internal conference (Journées de la recherche) is named after Dr. Plaa, as is an endowed fund of the SOT.
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Hence third-born children are not only third in birth order, but they are also more likely to come from larger, poorer families than firstborn children. If third-born children have a particular trait, it may be due to birth order, or it may be due to family size, or to any number of other variables. Consequently, there are a large number of published studies on birth order that are confounded. Literature reviews that have examined many studies and attempted to control for confounding variables tend to find minimal effects for birth order.
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Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics is a quarterly academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the International Centre of Research and Information on the Public, Social and Cooperative Economy (CIRIEC). The journal was established in 1925. The journal publishes papers on theoretical and empirical developments in public, cooperative or non-profit economics as well as literature reviews in this field. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics covers the fields of microfinance, mutual and cooperative societies, networks industries, nonprofit organizations, profit sharing, public and mixed enterprises and regulated private enterprises.
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For example, the television category hosts reviews of the TV show Star Wars: The Clone Wars, and the literature category hosts TFN's book release schedule and its literature reviews. In addition to its function as a news site, TFN also archives a variety of media and resources. In the summer of 2000, the site hosted a fake movie trailer for Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones that included actors Leonardo DiCaprio and Hayden Christensen. The trailer surpassed one million downloads and generated favorable publicity for the movie itself.
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Acceptable content for Web of Science and BIOSIS previews is determined by an evaluation and selection process based on the following criteria: impact, influence, timeliness, peer review, and geographic representation. BIOSIS Previews covers 5,000 peer reviewed journals. Non-journal coverage includes coverage of meetings, meeting abstracts, conferences, literature reviews, U.S. patents, books, software, book chapters, notes, letters, and selected reports in relevant disciplines including botany, microbiology, and pharmacology. BIOSIS Previews contains more than 18 million records; more than 500,000 records are added each year, and backfiles are available from 1926 to present.
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The controversy surrounding sexual addiction is centered around its identification, through a diagnostic model, in a clinical setting. As noted in current medical literature reviews, compulsive sexual behavior has been observed in humans; drug-induced compulsive sexual behavior has also been noted clinically in some individuals taking dopaminergic drugs. Moreover, some research suggests compulsive engagement in sexual behavior despite negative consequences in animal models. Since current diagnostic models use drug- related concepts as diagnostic criteria for addictions, these are ill-suited for modelling compulsive behaviors in a clinical setting.
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Retrieved March 24, 2014 IFAIR set out to invite students and young professionals with an interest in different IR-topics to submit relevant research articles, opinion pieces and literature reviews which were to be published and discussed online. Throughout the years of 2011, 2012 and 2013, IFAIR's portfolio of activities expanded gradually. Among other things, the think tank embraced the objective of connecting students of international relations with policy practitioners and experts from the field. Most importantly, this objective was realized through the organization of expert panel discussions and skill-building workshops.
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Universal access to college education may involve the provision of a variety of different assessment methods of learning and retention. For example, in order to determine how much of the material was learned, a professor may enlist multiple methods of assessment. Methods of assessment may include a comprehensive exam, unit exams, portfolios, research papers, literature reviews, an oral exam or homework assignments. Providing a variety of ways to assess the extent of learning and retention will not only identify the gaps in universal access but may also elucidate the ways to improve universal access.
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Cleckley had worked for a number of years at a United States Veterans (military) Administration hospital, before taking up full-time teaching responsibilities at the University of Georgia School of Medicine. The second edition published in 1950, Cleckley has described as a "new and much larger book", based on more diverse clinical observations, feedback and literature reviews. The third edition in 1955 he describes as having fewer changes and additions, but important clarifications to key concepts such as the hypothesis of a core semantic deficit. A fourth edition was published in 1964.
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These ligands were used in the hydrosilylation of ketones; achieving ee's of up to 93% The first BOX ligands were reported a year later by Masamune et al. and were first used in copper catalysed carbenoid cyclopropanation reactions; achieving ee's of up to 99% with 1% molar loadings. This was a remarkable result for the time and generated significant interest in the BOX motif. As the synthesis of 2-oxazoline rings was already well established at this time (literature reviews in 1949 and 1971), research proceeded quickly, with papers from new groups being published within a year.
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Journal of Soil and Water Conservation: 27-32 An optimal economical trading ratio for tradable permits, like through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), which defines allowable emissions or loading amount for polluters that hold a permit. The number of polluters then becomes the key factor for this instrument. Based on the stochastic nature of nonpoint pollution, NPDES permit system for point sources can not simply be used on nonpoint sources. Although many literature reviews mention tradable permits between point sources and nonpoint sources, unfortunately, current economic literature provides little guidance as to how to set trading ratios.
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Initial studies eligible for Copyright Evidence were identified using a snowball sampling methodology, beginning with a literature review by Watson, Zizzo and Fleming. Thereafter: 103 working papers and pre-prints were identified through the SSRN e-journal Intellectual Property: Empirical Studies (published between November 1996 and July 2015); 81 studies via literature reviews by Handke, Kretschmer, and Kheria; and 50 governmental reports as proposed by CREATe doctoral candidates. Ongoing growth of Copyright Evidence is achieved by search-based identifications. A literature review, conducted by the University of Illinois, confirmed the veracity and comprehensiveness of Copyright Evidence in late-2018.
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However, some governments have first started school-feeding programs and then requested the help of these organizations and programs. Additionally, many countries have "graduated" from their dependency on foreign assistance by reshaping their school feeding programs to be country-led and self-supported. While there are school feeding programs in a number of countries, each program varies widely from country to country in design, implementation, and evaluation. Thus, literature reviews and studies often focus on a small number of countries, as school feeding is not a uniform unit of intervention and cannot be compared or assessed on an international scale.
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Reports of eastern towhees nesting as early as late March in Florida and Georgia, in mid- to late April in some midwestern states, and as late as mid-May in northern New England were summarized in a literature review. Literature reviews also report nest construction by the female, which takes about three to five days. Egg laying typically occurs until August. For example, a review of eastern towhees in Indiana notes nesting from 15 April to 20 August. However, a literature review of eastern towhees in Florida included a report of a nest observed on 2 September 1983 that contained two eggs.
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Karen Dearne, Australian IT (July 2008) "Not easy being green, but audits help " Retrieved on 28-11-2008. NVivo accommodates a wide range of research methods, including network and organizational analysis, action or evidence-based research, discourse analysis, grounded theory, conversation analysis, ethnography, literature reviews, phenomenology, mixed methods research and the Framework methodology.Strategic partnership delivers greater flexibility to qualitative researchers in the UK and around the world, National Centre for Social Research, Retrieved 17-10-2011. NVivo supports data formats such as audio files, videos, digital photos, Word, PDF, spreadsheets, rich text, plain text and web and social media data.
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The Australian was first published on 18 April 1907 by The Colortype Press, printers and publishers in Hay Street, for the proprietors A.H. O'Connor and H. Hornby of the Western Australian branch of the Australian Natives' Association. The newspaper served to support the ANA's nationalistic aims including the advancement of the Commonwealth, protectionism, compulsory military training, the development of a strong home naval program, and the maintenance of the White Australia policy. The Australian encouraged the consumption of Australian products and contained articles on manufacturing, politics, literature reviews, artistic submissions as well as ANA events including meetings and conference proceedings.
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The Nef reaction is an organic reaction describing the acid hydrolysis of a salt of a primary or secondary nitroalkane (1) to an aldehyde or a ketone (3) and nitrous oxide (4). The reaction has been the subject of several literature reviews. The Nef reaction The reaction was reported in 1894 by the chemist John Ulric Nef, who treated the sodium salt of nitroethane with sulfuric acid resulting in an 85–89% yield of nitrous oxide and at least 70% yield of acetaldehyde. However, the reaction was pioneered a year earlier in 1893 by Konovalov,Konovalov.
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It is estimated that the burden of mental and addictive disorders are among the highest in the world with expected increase over the next decades. However, those estimations are not based on cross- sectional epidemiological surveys, rather, they are mainly based on literature reviews and isolated studies. The WMH Survey Initiative aim is to accurately address the global burden of mental disorders by obtaining accurate cross- sectional information about the prevalences and correlates of mental and behavioral disorders as well as substance abuse, allowing for evaluation of risk factors and study of patterns of service use in order to target appropriate interventions.
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The Journal of Intellectual Property Rights is a bimonthly peer-reviewed law journal covering intellectual property law that is published by the Indian National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources. The journal was established in 1996 and publishes contributed and invited articles, case studies, patent reviews, technical notes on current IPR issues, literature reviews, world literature on intellectual property rights, national and international news, book reviews, and conference reports covering topics on trademarks, patents, copyright law, trade secrets, and internet law. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus. The editor-in-chief is Madhu Sahni (National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources).
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Additionally, in the absence of specific therapy, the diagnostic categorization had only a limited influence on prognosis and therapy. The understanding of GIST biology changed significantly with identification of the molecular basis of GIST, particularly c-KIT. Historically, literature reviews prior to the molecular definition of GIST, and for a short time thereafter, asserted that 70-80% of GISTs were benign. The identification of a molecular basis for GIST led to the exclusion of many tumors that had been considered as GIST previously, and also the incorporation of a much larger number of tumors that had been labeled as other types of sarcomas and undifferentiated carcinomas.
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For people, accustomed "to fight for survival in the wild and to their own company, reduced to nothing" ... "the transition to normal life was sometimes more difficult than staying in the Archipelago." Acquaintances expected to see an "emaciated 'goner' with a bruised soul, but a returned to their life like wine fermented, astoundingly joyful and happy.". After she returned from the camp, she earned a living teaching English, German and French, producing summaries for the Institute of Academic Information on Oriental Studies at the Russian Academy of Sciences, doing writing work, etc. She wrote regular Egyptological literature reviews in the Journal of Ancient History.
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While Publishers Weekly gave The War I Always Wanted faint praise (calling the book "cynical but appealing"),Publishers Weekly, 25 June 2007 subsequent reviewers were more effusive. Former NATO Supreme Allied Commander General (Ret.) Wesley Clark called the book "compelling and moving," going on to say that "among the many excellent war memoirs by Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, Brandon's stands out as the best." Historian Steven Pressfield, author of the New York Times bestselling novel Gates of Fire, called Friedman's work "outstanding non-fiction" and described it as "ris[ing] at numerous points to the level of literature."Reviews of The War I Always Wanted Newspapers and journals reacted in similar fashion.
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NeuroQuantology is a monthly peer-reviewed interdisciplinary scientific journal that covers the intersection of neuroscience and quantum mechanics. It was established in April 2003 and its subject matter almost immediately dismissed in The Lancet Neurology as "wild invention" and "claptrap". While the journal had a 2017 impact factor of 0.453, ranking it 253rd out of 261 journals in the category "Neuroscience" as reported in the 2018 edition of Journal Citation Reports, Clarivate Analytics delisted the journal in its 2019 edition.. The journal describes itself as focusing primarily on original reports of experimental and theoretical research. It also publishes literature reviews, methodological articles, empirical findings, book reviews, news, comments, letters to the editor, and abstracts.
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1 (March 1998). She has also published a series of articles reporting a correlation between induced abortion and mental-health problems, findings which have proven controversial. In September 2011 Coleman published a meta-analysis of 22 studies, half of which were her own, in the British Journal of Psychiatry, in which she reported an association between abortion and mental-health problems, and further claimed that nearly 10% of mental health problems were attributable to abortion. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists noted that Coleman's results conflict with those of four previous literature reviews, all of which found that women who have abortions did not face an increased risk of mental health problems.
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A clear benefit of using secondary data is that much of the background work needed has already been carried out, such as literature reviews or case studies. The data may have been used in published texts and statistics elsewhere, and the data could already be promoted in the media or bring in useful personal contacts. Secondary data generally have a pre- established degree of validity and reliability which need not be re-examined by the researcher who is re-using such data. Secondary data is key in the concept of data enrichment, which is where datasets from secondary sources are connected to a research dataset to improve its precision by adding key attributes and values.
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Ortiz González also mentions how María José is occasionally deadnamed, but writes that this is usually immediately corrected (particularly by Paulina and Virginia) and seems accidental out of habit. On the more technical front, Claudia Benassini Félix has analyzed the success of the series in line with Netflix's machine learning and user recommendation algorithms, and the company's use of these to develop more profitable original series. From literature reviews, Benassini Félix determined that the past success of Spanish-language Netflix originals was a primary reason for the popularity of the show, based on Netflix's production plans, its targeted recommendations and suggested percentage of enjoyment, and the ability of users to create a 'watchlist'.
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In 2005, several examples arose in the area of the search for new/improved medical treatments of Neglected Diseases.UsefulchemArticle in the American Chemical Society's magazine C&E; News on Open Research Science and engineering research to support the creation of open-source appropriate technology for sustainable development has long used open research principles.A. J. Buitenhuis, I. Zelenika and J. M. Pearce, "Open Design-Based Strategies to Enhance Appropriate Technology Development", Proceedings of the 14th Annual National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance Conference: Open, 25–27 March 2010, pp. 1–12. Open source research for sustainable development is now becoming formalized with open access for literature reviews, research methods, data, results and summaries for laypeople.
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Theoretically, an EWS system facilitates early detection of life-threatening changes, giving the nurse time to confer with a physician and institute corrective measures to stabilize the patient's condition. Literature reviews conducted over the past decade, however, have found little evidence that EWS systems are effective in reducing adverse events. Furthermore, there is little evidence that such instruments are reliable or valid. EWS systems have been criticized for being too labor-intensive and complex for practical use on medical–surgical units. It's been suggested that the increased nursing workload associated with such systems, as well as general misunderstandings concerning their use and the significance of patients’ scores, may explain the failure of nurses to use them correctly and consistently.
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Journal for Research in Mathematics Education (JRME) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal within the field of mathematics education. The journal is published by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, and it appears five times a year (in January, March, May, July and November). The journal is paginated by volume. JRME "is devoted to the interests of teachers of mathematics and mathematics education at all levels—preschool through adult", and different types of articles are welcome for submission, like "reports of research, including experiments, case studies, surveys, philosophical studies, and historical studies; articles about research, including literature reviews and theoretical analyses; brief reports of research; critiques of articles and books; and brief commentaries on issues pertaining to research".
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The relative importance of grey literature is largely dependent on research disciplines and subjects, on methodological approaches, and on the sources they use. In some fields, especially in the life sciences and medical sciences, there has been a traditional preference for only using peer-reviewed academic journals while in others, such as agriculture, aeronautics and the engineering sciences in general, grey literature resources tend to predominate. In the last few decades, systematic literature reviews in health and medicine have established the importance of discovering and analyzing grey literature as part of the evidence base and in order to avoid publication bias. Grey literature is particularly important as a means of distributing scientific and technical and public policy and practice information.
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Grimes did doctoral work on ultraviolet radiation physics at Dublin City University funded by an Irish Research Council award, under Neil O'Hare and Greg Hughes, and graduated with a Ph.D. in 2011. He did a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Oxford with Mike Partridge, and focused on medical physics and oncology, including a 2015 research work on oxygen- radiation interactions (the "oxygen fixation hypothesis and oxygen enhancement ratio")—about which he blogged—and literature reviews on modelling tumour oxygen distribution and hypoxia in 2014 (which received media attention), and on non-invasive imaging in 2017. As of January 2018, Grimes had worked with Centre for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Radiation Research (CAIRR), and the School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, in Belfast, United Kingdom.
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AI researchers argued that they could create new ontologies as computational models that enable certain kinds of automated reasoning, which was only marginally successful. In the 1980s, the AI community began to use the term ontology to refer to both a theory of a modeled world and a component of knowledge-based systems. In particular, David Powers introduced the word ontology to AI to refer to real world or robotic grounding, publishing in 1990 literature reviews emphasizing grounded ontology in association with the call for papers for a AAAI Summer Symposium Machine Learning of Natural Language and Ontology, with an expanded version published in SIGART Bulletin and included as a preface to the proceedings. Some researchers, drawing inspiration from philosophical ontologies, viewed computational ontology as a kind of applied philosophy.
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The American Journal of Enology and Viticulture (AJEV), published quarterly, is an official journal of the American Society for Enology and Viticulture (ASEV) and is dedicated to scientific research on winemaking and grapegrowing. AJEV publishes full-length research papers, literature reviews, research notes, and technical briefs on various aspects of enology and viticulture, including wine chemistry, sensory science, process engineering, wine quality assessments, microbiology, methods development, plant pathogenesis, diseases and pests of grape, rootstock and clonal evaluation, effect of field practices, and grape genetics and breeding. All papers are peer reviewed, and authorship of papers is not limited to members of ASEV. The science editor, along with the viticulture, enology, and associate editors, are drawn from academic and research institutions worldwide and guide the content of the Journal.
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Child Care & Early Education Research Connections (Research Connections) is a joint project of the National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP) at Columbia University, the Child Care Bureau of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) at the University of Michigan. Launched in 2004 through a cooperative agreement, Research Connections produces an interdisciplinary, Web-based, relational database of more than 10,000 research documents and public use data sets on topics related to child care and early education. In addition, Research Connections conducts literature reviews, develops and disseminates materials designed to improve child care policy research, provides technical assistance to researchers and policy makers, conducts data analysis workshops, synthesizes findings into policy research briefs, and provides support to the Child Care Policy Research Consortium.
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However, an editorial published in the October 2012 issue of American Journal of Psychiatry notes that, while some doctors argue that there is insufficient evidence to support the diagnostic distinction between ASD and PDD, multiple literature reviews found that studies showing significant differences between the two disorders significantly outnumbered those that found no difference. Unlike the DSM-5, the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) categorizes PDD into four distinct subtypes, each with their own diagnostic criteria. The four disorders (childhood autism, atypical autism, Rett syndrome, and other childhood disintegrative disorder) are characterized by abnormalities in social interactions and communication. The disorders are primarily diagnosed based on behavioral features, although the presence of any medical conditions are important, they are not taken into account when making a diagnosis.
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Who would succeed Böhme at Sat.1 was unclear for a long time. Finally, Der Spiegel editor-in-chief Stefan Aust took over the programme and moderated Talk im Turm from the end of 1998 to the beginning of 1999, during which time further political programmes such as Sabine Christiansen, with which the Sat.1 format was in competition, were established in the public broadcasters (ARD/ZDF). At the beginning of 1999, the production of Talk im Turm was discontinued on Sat.1 after 9 years of broadcasting due to a lack of viewer response and poor feature-literature reviews. In 2002 there was another short comeback of the show. On the occasion of the Bundestag elections, Erich Böhme presented five programmes entitled Talk im Turm – Spezial zur Wahl, which were broadcast every Monday from 26 August to 23 September at 10.15 pm.
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In August 1937 the newspaper "Krasnaya Chuvashia" an article by Sergei Slavin, where one has been criticized in the literature reviews of NY Zolotov, who, in my opinion, to praise the play of counter-revolutionary content. Following the publication appeared on the anti- Soviet propaganda newspaper "Kanash" in the twenties. In March, at a meeting of Party activists in Cheboksary authorized by the CPC in the VKP (b) of the Chuvash ASSR M. Sakhyanova called for revolutionary vigilance, pointed to the emergence of "idiotic disease – complacency," lectured the chief of the Office of Arts AI Zolotov, who "no charge against him, did not recognize". Second Secretary Bizhbulyaksksky District's Party Committee, after reading it, send to the NKVD, the CPC Provincial Committee and authorized accusation that Nikoai Zolotov, a former employee of the newspaper "Kanash" – a counter- revolutionary.
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The politicization of science is a subset of a broader topic, the politics of science, which has been studied by scholars in a variety of fields, including most notably Science and Technology Studies; history of science; political science; and the sociology of science, knowledge, and technology. Increasingly in recent decades, these fields have examined the process through which science and technology are shaped. Some of the scholarly work in this area is reviewed in The Handbook of Science & Technology Studies (1995, 2008), a collection of literature reviews published by the Society for Social Studies of Science.Handbook of Science & Technology Studies, Second Edition, Sage Publications (1995)Handbook of Science & Technology Studies, Third Edition, MIT Press (2008) There is an annual award for books relevant to the politics of science given by the Society for Social Studies of Science called the Rachel Carson Prize.
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Major Gulf War engagements in which DU rounds were used Depleted uranium (DU) was widely used in tank kinetic energy penetrator and autocannon rounds for the first time ever during the Gulf War and has been suggested as a possible cause of Gulf War syndrome. A 2008 review by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs found no association between DU exposure and multisymptom illness, concluding that "exposure to DU munitions is not likely a primary cause of Gulf War illness". However, there are suggestions that long-term exposure to high doses of DU may cause other health problems unrelated to GWI. More recent medical literature reviews disagree, stating for example that, "the number of Gulf War veterans who developed the Gulf War syndrome following exposure to high quantities of DU has risen to about one-third of the 800,000 U.S. forces deployed," with 25,000 of those having suffered premature death.
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Chin Ce is also the author of three volumes of poetry: An African Eclipse, Full Moon and Millennial. His two volumes of essays, Bards and Tyrants: Essays in Contemporary African Writing and Riddles and Bash: African Performance and Literature Reviews, evaluate some aspects and visions of African writing and criticism in the works of Chinua Achebe, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Wole Soyinka, Nwoga, Chinweizu, Ernest Emenyonu, Nnolim and other new poetry, prose and critical voices from around the continent. A writer of deep insight and imaginative power, author of a book of stories, The Dreamer and the Oracle dedicated to Chinua Achebe, Ce also edited African Short Stories vol 1 and several works of criticism of African literature. Ce's recent work, such as The Dreamer and the Oracle, traverse a far wider dimension of cosmic interdependency, often repeating previous motifs of the religious and political mindlessness which impoverish the African landscape.
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10-11) In the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Thomas G. Plante wrote that > A growing number of well-conceived and methodologically rigorous studies > have been conducted to examine if religious beliefs and behaviors might be > related to health benefits or health risks.... No book, however, has [until > now] thoroughly reviewed all the empirical studies and reviews in this > area.... The authors maintain scholarly neutrality and let the research > evidence speak for itself.... The book is surprisingly readable for a 700+ > page scholarly review.... The authors should be commended on an > extraordinary job on this soon to be classic text.(pp. 790-1) In the American Journal of Psychiatry, Paul Genova wrote that "This Handbook is really a reference volume.... Case presentations are rare. Occasional sensitive discussions on subjects such as the adjustment to terminal cancer... are embedded in exhaustive literature reviews." But > the biggest problem, in my view, with the line of reasoning represented by > this book [is that] "Health" is the ego's agenda.
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A change in philosophy was noted too: whereas previous food guides had been based on a "foundation diet", whereby diet was identified with "minimum requirements" and those persons with "higher needs" were instructed to consume more food, the 1992 guide identified a "total diet" approach, under which the range of "different ages, body sizes, activity levels, genders and conditions such as pregnancy and nursing" theoretically were accommodated, and with the caveat "that energy needs vary". The consumer was subtly prodded to increase their consumption of grain products while they minimised their consumption of meat products, through the suggestive "rainbow" that was in reality an areal subterfuge. The consultative process to develop the 1992 guide was novel to bureaucrats who formerly had used a hierarchical approach: "information was assembled from experts, consumers, literature reviews, food consumption surveys, consumer research, and commissioned scientific reviews". A 16-page booklet was developed in addition to the recto-verso poster that had been issued in former years.
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During the XXII International Geological Congress (IGS) in New Delhi, on 12 December 1964, the Israeli geologist Asher Shadmon remarked that "quarry materials and mineral products used in engineering" were not being discussed and proposed that the IUGS should create and fund an international permanent commission dedicated to that topic. Other geologists at the congress suggested that the commission should cover also the relationship between the materials in their natural place and the work of engineers. On 17 December the assembly voted the following motion unanimously: "It is recommended that a distinct Commission of "Engineering Geology" should be established in the context of International Geological Congresses.[…] The objective of the Commission and its Sub- commissions would be to promote the knowledge and dissemination of appropriate information, gather ´case-histories´, prepare literature reviews and relevant catalogues, provide information on completed or ongoing research, gather statistical geological data on the industries and determine the list of further research required".
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Scientific research has been consistent in showing that lesbian and gay parents are as fit and capable as heterosexual parents, and their children are as psychologically healthy and well-adjusted as children reared by heterosexual parents.Brief of the American Psychological Association, The California Psychological Association, The American Psychiatric Association, and the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy as Amici Curiae in support of plaintiff-appellees According to scientific literature reviews published in prestigious peer-reviewed journals and statements of mainstream professional associations, there is no evidence to the contrary. The American Psychological Association reports that some studies suggest parenting skills of gays and lesbians might be "superior." Biblarz and Stacey state that while research has found that families headed by (at least) two parents are generally best for children, outcomes of more than two parents (as in some cooperative stepfamilies, intergenerational families, and coparenting alliances among lesbians and gay men) have not yet been studied.
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Continuing to live in Bucharest in the early years of the 20th century, he was associated with the traditional conservative circles of Junimea and Iorga. By 1899, together with Coșbuc, Iorga, Ion Luca Caragiale and Ovid Densusianu, he was among the contributors to România jună. He wrote an ample number of literary studies and made significant contributions to the history of 19th century Romanian literature. Reviews that published his work included Convorbiri Literare, Sămănătorul, Ramuri and Viața Românească in the Old Kingdom, as well as Transylvanian outlets such as Luceafărul and Tribuna Poporului. Some of these studies, such as a 1906 analysis of literary historiography, methodically analyzed their subject. Others investigated foreign influence on native writers, and included a 1901 book on German influence during the time of Budai-Deleanu, a 1904 study of Salomon Gessner in Romanian literature, a work on the sources of Vasile Alecsandri from the same year, a 1905 look at Friedrich Schiller's local influence, and a commentary on August von Kotzebue's Romanian translators.
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Scientific research has been generally consistent in showing that lesbian and gay parents are as fit and capable as heterosexual parents, and their children are as psychologically healthy and well-adjusted as children reared by heterosexual parents. According to scientific literature reviews, there is no evidence to the contrary. A 2001 review suggested that the children with lesbian or gay parents appear less traditionally gender- typed and are more likely to be open to homoerotic relationships, partly due to genetic (80% of the children being raised by same-sex couples in the US are not adopted and most are the result of previous heterosexual marriages.) and family socialization processes (children grow up in relatively more tolerant school, neighborhood, and social contexts, which are less heterosexist), even though majority of children raised by same-sex couples identify as heterosexual. A 2005 review by Charlotte J. Patterson for the American Psychological Association found that the available data did not suggest higher rates of homosexuality among the children of lesbian or gay parents.
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The scientific community is important because it represents a source of established knowledge which, if used properly, ought to be more reliable than personally acquired knowledge of any given individual. The community also provides a feedback mechanism, often in the form of practices such as peer review and reproducibility. Most items of scientific content (experimental results, theoretical proposals, or literature reviews) are reported in scientific journals and are hypothetically subjected to peer scrutiny, though a number of scholarly critics from both inside and outside the scientific community have, in recent decades, began to question the effect of commercial and government investment in science on the peer review and publishing process, as well as the internal disciplinary limitations to the scientific publication process. Gutenberg-era printing presses allowed the rapid spread of new ideas across 15th and 16th century Europe. A major development of the Scientific Revolution was the foundation of scientific societies: Academia Secretorum Naturae (Accademia dei Segreti, the Academy of the Mysteries of Nature) can be considered the first scientific community; founded in Naples 1560 by Giambattista della Porta.
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Apart from providing valuable literature reviews and announcements of new publications, The Zoist was a constant, reliable source of information, disciplinary interaction, original accounts of phenomena, relevant case studies of its application to wide range of conditions, ranging from epilepsy, stammering, and headache, to torticollis, asthma, and rheumatism, and extensive reports of pertinent innovations and discoveries. Elliotson was an opponent of capital punishment, and argued, within the Zoist, based upon his phrenological analysis of the heads of executed murderers, that not only was phrenology true, but also that, from this, capital punishment was futile as a deterrent.Gauld (1992), p.207. According to Gauld (1992, pp. 219–243), apart from its concentration on mesmerism and phrenology, The Zoist was one of the principal sources for information, discussion, and education in the following domains of interest: :(1) Mesmeric Analgesia: although The Zoist would become the major vehicle for the (post-1846) reports of James Esdaile's work in India,See Elliotson's synopsis of Esdaile's report. it completely ignored the extensive (early 1842) work reported by Braid in his Neurypnology (1843, p.253). Elliotson had already published his Numerous Cases of Surgical Operations without Pain in early 1843. :(2) Phreno-mesmerism (a.k.a.
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