"There will be deaths," said Atul Gawande, discussing a literature review he recently published.
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Once the STEs were identified, the researchers conducted an exhaustive literature review on each one.
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The team analyzed its sample, then did a literature review of all the papers on fossilized mushrooms.
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A recent literature review found that the leakage rate in California is somewhere between 2.4 and 4.3 percent.
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Luckily, in 2010, I received a grant from Prince Claus Fund to allow me to begin my literature review.
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A recent literature review concluded that "the effects of vouchers have been disappointing relative to early views on their promise".
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From that literature review and expert group discussions, they then built a statistical model to calculate global abortion safety estimates.
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The roughly six-week-long program covers how-to basics, like conducting a literature review and applying to grad school.
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For example, a literature review of studies on the topic found such benefits as greater emotional self-regulation and self-discipline.
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The first part of the episode is about a new literature review on climate change opinion in Annual Review of Political Science.
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It is possible that some of these benefits are attainable, according to a 2019 literature review in the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.
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One was a literature review on the subject, self-published by the Energy Innovation Reform Project (EIRP), authored by Jesse Jenkins and Samuel Thernstrom.
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Dr Lin knew of Wallace's idea and was surprised, when he conducted a literature review, to discover that it had never been tested formally.
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In fact, a literature review published in 2006 showed that out of 157 articles on gender and reproduction, only one was focused on men.
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Recently, a student doing an unpaid internship on a website was asked by the internship supervisor to share her literature review with another student.
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According one literature review by Ed Choice, 31 of 33 studies on the impacts of private school choice on public schools found positive results.
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Davenport, Delgado and Matthew Harrison recently published their own literature review in Issues in Law & Medicine, a journal that often features anti-abortion perspectives.
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They arrive at that conclusion largely through a literature review both limited and obviously cherry-picked, and then utterly eviscerated in two subsequent review essays.
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A recent literature review found that solar costs drop roughly 23 percent for each doubling of capacity, though estimates of this "learning rate" vary widely.
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Restricting children's food intake has most frequently and consistently been associated with weight gain among children, according to a literature review on child feeding behaviors.
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A literature review from the Michigan Retirement Research Center found that between 40 percent and 50 percent of those over 50 change occupations after 50.
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In 2009, the Guttmacher Institute, which up until 2007 was Planned Parenthood's research arm, published a literature review on the effects of the Hyde Amendment.
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"Most interventions targeting children's cognitive, social or emotional development fail to follow their subjects beyond the end of their programs," a 2018 literature review finds.
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A literature review published in 2016 found that just 19 of 207 articles on the effects of "lean" methodologies were peer-reviewed and had quantifiable results.
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But as one literature review on placenta eating concluded, the animal data isn't robust enough to translate to humans, and the human data is also lacking.
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The Journal of the American Medical Association published in 2005 what it's considered to be the most comprehensive literature review on fetal pain to this day.
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As Rebecca Diamond's literature review on rent control for Brookings says, strong rent control measures are bad for homeowners who are a large majority of the electorate.
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A literature review for the Department of Health and Human Services demonstrates that government child care assistance such as this grant increases employment for low income families.
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Jim Pethokoukis — again, of the conservative American Enterprise Institute — did a brief literature review in 2015 on what were then called Enterprise Zones, and found them wanting.
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Three elements determine the success or failure of a new futures contract, according to an extensive literature review prepared for the Shanghai Futures Exchange three years ago.
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"By 12 months, that advantage is essentially gone," said Carol F. Kirkpatrick, director of Idaho State University's Wellness Center, and lead author of the new literature review.
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A comprehensive literature review found that of 15 "gold standard" lottery studies of charter effectiveness, 12 found positive academic effects from charter schools and three found no effects.
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When bacteria become resistant to triclosan, they may also become resistant to several other antimicrobials, according to a 2014 literature review in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.
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The assisted infant toilet training method is also sometimes used in China, according to a literature review in the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics' Jornel de Pediatria in 153.
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Cramer puts the highly systematic nature of her research in the foreground and presents a fairly typical social science format, with theory and literature review in each chapter.
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The researchers did a comprehensive literature review for pre-1990 models; for post-1990 models, they followed the literature reviews of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
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The book is primarily a literature review of 300 years of Supreme Court majority rulings on corporate personhood, preceded by a history of pre-Revolutionary War trading company charters.
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A growing US potty training age In the United States, the age at which toilet training begins is climbing, according to the literature review in the Jornel de Pediatria.
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Name Withheld If this student was doing the work as part of her internship, paid or not, one object of the exercise was to produce a usable literature review.
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A 2017 literature review led by Hedwig Neels suggested that queefing usually occurs when the muscles around our reproductive organs are relaxed, therefore enabling more air to enter the vagina.
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The questions are drawn from a giant literature review on CCU, recently released in the journal Nature, which assessed over 11,000 papers and was accompanied by an expert opinion survey.
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A 2013 literature review by the Center for Global Development's Amanda Glassman, Denizhan Duran, and Marge Koblinsky identified three cash studies with infant or maternal mortality as a measured outcome.
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A literature review in 2014 by academics at the Vienna University of Economics and Business found numerous studies showing that better-qualified managers were associated with higher and more stable revenues.
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In fact, a recent literature review (and re-analysis) by Julie Nelson has dented if not destroyed the notion that there are deep, generic differences between the genders on risk perception.
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More From Tonic: An accompanying literature review of hematohidrosis notes that most of the cases have been women, which may have influenced the gendered explanations that arose in the 19th century.
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A literature review by Elsa Pearson, a policy analyst with the Boston University School of Public Health, found that in 2009 they accounted for about 14 percent of total health expenditures.
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FDA-approved placebo-controlled studies exist assessing the safety and efficacy of cannabis or its components, and a recent literature review identifies some 85033 controlled trials involving some 8,000 patient participants.
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In a new literature review published Wednesday in the New England Journal of Medicine, the authors looked at the growing body of research on big political events, like elections and 9/11.
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Grossman's comments are supported by the Journal of the American Medical Association, which in 2170 published what it's considered to be the most comprehensive literature review on fetal pain to this day.
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In a 2012 literature review, the AAP wrote, "physiologic responses to stress are well defined" describing the "wear and tear" that prolonged stress places on multiple organ systems, including the developing brain.
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Early in the ObamaCare fight, one literature review found private insurance administrative costs estimated at 22019-14 percent of premiums, while direct Medicare administrative outlays were estimated at 3 percent of total costs.
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A more recent literature review published by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, which included the latest and greatest research, still finds clear negative impacts on employment following a minimum wage increase.
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A literature review and study that examined the relationship between exercise, meditation, and stress found that running in nature caused subjects to excrete stress reducing hormones, while running on a treadmill did not.
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According to a literature review conducted last year, only four studies undertaken since the millennium have meaningfully and directly explored the link between open offices and illness—and few of them were especially robust.
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And adolescent rats given nicotine also showed more signs of activity in regions of the brain related to feelings of reward than adult rats did, a 2009 literature review reports in the journal Pharmacological Therapy.
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Some may involve a literature review, some involve analyzing large data sets, like the U.S. census, and sometimes we create our own data through interviews, surveys or other ways of getting information from the field.
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" Puccio found none of this research convincing: The three studies that Puccio mentioned form the basis of a literature review on cannabis and lactation that Hale cites as a suggestion of "severe long-term neurobehavioral consequences.
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Dr. Daniel Grossman, a prominent reversal skeptic and director of the research group Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, at University of California, San Francisco, published a literature review that same year in the journal Contraception.
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One was a literature review, which mentioned vitamins A (aka retinol) and C as inhibitors of MMP1, but concluded only that exploring such topical treatments to slow the process of skin aging was worthy of more research.
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A literature review conducted in Sweden in 2013 found a total of 33 studies across the world that explored views of death and dying among older people, although very few of these sought the views of the older old.
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" In a 2009 literature review in the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, researchers examined 38 studies published between 1980 and 2009 of nature-assisted therapy, which is defined as therapy that "involves plants, natural materials and/or outdoor environment.
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However, Ann Richardson, the University of Canterbury public health expert who co-conducted the 2017 literature review on this topic, points out that none of these studies established causation, showing what about open offices might lead to increased risks of illness.
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The UW literature review adds to a growing public debate about how schools and companies can encourage more women to pursue STEM fields — while also ensuring women have equal opportunities as men to hold leadership positions and advance their research.
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Archibald published at least 257 papers about biochemistry and childhood growth, and a BuzzFeed News literature review found at least three with photos of naked children or close-up penises, as well as a fourth with X-rays of children's hands.
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According to a systematic literature review of all the existing research on women's rape fantasies, between 31 and 47 percent of women experience fantasies involving non-consensual sex, and for 9-11 percent of these women, this is something they fantasize about commonly.
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A 2016 literature review by the Cochrane Library, which examined studies involving a total of 17,674 moms, found that women who received midwife-led care in a hospital setting were less likely to have an epidural, episiotomy, induction, or delivery by forceps.
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A literature review from the American Veterinary Medical Association in 2013 documents extensive evidence that piglets experience pain during castration, from their high levels of stress hormones like cortisol, their squealing, and their trembling and lying alone for days following the procedure.
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For the first two to six months, there's evidence that a very low-carbohydrate diet can help you lose more weight than the standard high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet, according to a new literature review of low-carb diets by the National Lipid Association.
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The evidence that voter ID laws meaningfully suppress minority votes has always been shaky; a literature review in 2017 that filtered out studies with obvious design flaws reported "modest, if any, turnout effects of voter identification laws" in the best research on the subject.
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Intelligence researchers Robert Plomin and Ian Deary suggest it may be due to what's known as "genetic amplification," a process in which "small genetic differences are magnified as children select, modify and create environments correlated with their genetic propensities," they write in a 2015 literature review.
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In Vallier's literature review, he notes that many of the features of a society that might be thought to generate social trust — economic growth, low income inequality — are in fact just as plausibly seen as its effects, features of society that require trust to develop at all.
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And a new economic literature review from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine finds immigration "has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S." Likewise, concerns about trade — the subject at the very heart of the Trump campaign — overstates the case.
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In that literature review I mentioned earlier, researchers say: We were able to locate 17 studies providing relatively direct test of [the risk-sensitivity hypothesis]; not a single study contradicted it, and none of the 17 so much as failed to find a significant effect in the expected direction.
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"Over all we found a moderate to strong effect of recreation on wildlife across the board," said Courtney Larson, who published a literature review of 274 studies in 2016 for her Ph.D. at Colorado State University and has just completed a meta-analysis on the effects of recreation.
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In a January 2019 article in the BMJ called "Should we stop using electroconvulsive therapy?" he argued this point with other professionals who were in favor of the treatment, noting that 29 to 55 percent of patients said they had experienced "persistent or permanent memory loss," according to a literature review.
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A variety of subsequent research on home visitation programs has found they are one of the most effective ways to help disadvantaged families, as long as the visits are by highly trained registered nurses; they're frequent; and they cover a broad curriculum, said Maya Rossin-Slater, an assistant professor of health research and policy at Stanford and a co-author of a literature review on early childhood policies.
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Habitat - Wigeongrass (Ruppia maritima L.): A literature review. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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Chicago, Ill.: American Library Association, 1968. 802-803. Rpt. in Children's Literature Review.
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The library publishes a quarterly magazine, the Philatelic Literature Review, which includes book reviews and other relevant content.
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The role of tree uprooting in soil formation: A critical literature review. Geoderma, 157(3–4), 65-79.
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In fact, in a systematic literature review performed in 2002 by Koshland and Hamadani, the same literature review that coined i3 cooperativity, negatively cooperating proteins are seen to compose slightly less than 50% of scientifically studied proteins that exhibit cooperativity, while positively cooperating proteins compose the other, slightly greater than 50%.
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She has written commentary for Music and Literature Review, Whitehot Magazine of Contemporary Art, Playboy, and the Huffington Post.
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"A Literature Review of Social Mood," Journal of Behavioral Finance, vol. 7, no. 4 (abstract here), pp. 193-203.
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There are many different learning styles models; one literature review identified 71 different models. Only a few models are described below.
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Stillman, Melissa., Jennifer J. Frost, Susheela Singh, Ann M. Moore and Shveta Kalyanwala. ‘Abortion in India: A Literature Review’. December 2014.
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Vegetarian diet and its possible influence on dental health: A systematic literature review. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 48(1): 7-13.
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In Elementary English Vol. 51, No. 6, September 1974, p. 804. Quoted in Children's Literature Review Vol. 8. Gale Research Company, 1985.
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In Elementary English Vol. 51, No. 6, September 1974, p. 802-803. Quoted in Children's Literature Review Vol. 8. Gale Research Company, 1985.
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It was published with a lengthy literature review, and various materials, all of which are available at the National Academies of Science website.
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Rom, Anders, and Carsten Rohde. "Management accounting and integrated information systems: A literature review." International Journal of Accounting Information Systems 8.1 (2007): 40-68.
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The trust's 2014 literature review What Makes Great Teaching, by Dr Rob Coe of Durham University, highlighted the dos and don'ts of effective pedagogy.
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These were a literature review, an examination of current activities in England and the Netherlands and a workshop to judge the consentient view of potential stakeholders.
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"Caribbean nurses migrating to the UK: a gender-focused literature review." International Nursing Review 56, no. 3: 285–290. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed March 18, 2012).
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Russell, David L."The Important Books: Children's Picture Books as Art and Literature (review)." The Lion and the Unicorn, vol. 30 no. 2, 2006, pp. 280–283.
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Bret A. Weber, and Amanda Wallace, "Revealing the Empowerment Revolution: A Literature Review of the Model Cities Program," Journal of Urban History (2012) 38#1 pp. 173–92.
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The function of seed banks in northern forest ecosystems: a literature review. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Ont. For. Res. Instit., Sault Ste. Marie ON, For. Res. Inf. Pap.
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Hauge, Øyvind, Claudia Ayala, and Reidar Conradi. "Adoption of open source software in software-intensive organizations–A systematic literature review." Information and Software Technology 52.11 (2010): 1133-1154.
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The purpose of an integrative literature review is to generate new knowledge on a topic through the process of review, critique, and then synthesis of the literature under investigation.
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VanArman, P. G. (2011). Role of native crayfish, Procambarus alleni (Faxon) and Procambarus fallax (Hagen), in everglades food webs: a literature review and conceptual model. Florida Scientist, 100-125.
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Feeding habits of New Zealand fishes: A literature review and summary of research trawl database records 1960 to 2000. ( No. no. 85.;no. 85;). Wellington [N.Z.]: Ministry of Fisheries.
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Savvy Researcher workshops are open to all Illinois affiliates. These 50-minute sessions cover a range of topics, all of which help affiliates do advanced research, searching, evaluation, and data analysis. Workshops help students, faculty, and staff navigate the full research life cycle, from the literature review to citation management. A sample of workshop titles include "The Literature Review Demystified," "Google for Scholars," "Finding Grants to Support Your Research," and "Improve Your Research Strategies".
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Literature Review. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 21(3): 80–82. The pitchers of N. mirabilis have also been found to harbour a complex community of bacteria.Yogiara, A. Suwanto & M.T. Suhartono 2006.
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Veronica Maidel, & Jeffrey M. Stanton (2010), Unobtrusive Monitoring of Spaceflight Team Functioning. Literature Review and Operational Assessment for NASA Behavioral Health and Performance Element. School of Information Studies, Syracuse University.
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Stopping ocean acidification requires a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions."2010 Literature Review Archives – Policy/Mitigation". Environment Canada. Ecosystems can better adapt and survive acidification if natural resilience is preserved.
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A literature review on the sage grouse. Special Report No. 6. Denver, CO: Colorado Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, Game Research Division, Cooperative Wildlife Research UnitRogers, Glenn E. 1964.
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Clarke, C.M. 2001. Literature Review: Nepenthaceae - Flora Malesiana Series 1 (Seed Plants), Volume 15, by Martin Cheek and Matthew Jebb. Bulletin of the Australian Carnivorous Plant Society 20(3): 7–12.
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Oliver, G. V. and Bosworth, W. R. III. (1999). Rare, Imperiled, and Recently Extinct or Extirpated Mollusks of Utah: A Literature Review. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Publication Number 99-29.
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Beal has promoted ibogaine as an addiction interrupter. Beal asserts that addiction is a disease that can be treated with ibogaine."Ibogaine: A Novel Anti-Addictive Compound. A Comprehensive Literature Review".
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Tropical sweet potato storage: A literature review. Report. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham As such they are not generally stored for extended periods of time following harvest.Karuri, E.G. and Ojijo, N.K.O. 1994.
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In their 2013 literature review, Lodge and Taber looked at the components of a rationalizing voter.Lodge, M. & Taber, C. (2007). The Rationalizing Voter: Unconscious Thought in Political Information Processing. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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A smart wheelchair is any powerchair using a control system to augment or replace user control.Richard C. Simpson, (2005) "Smart Wheelchairs: A Literature Review" J. Rehabilitation Res. & Dev. 42 (4), pp. 423-438.
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A literature review or narrative review is a type of review article. A literature review is a scholarly paper that presents the current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources and do not report new or original experimental work. Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such reviews are found in academic journals and are not to be confused with book reviews, which may also appear in the same publication.
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International Center for Research on Women Ending Violence Against Women & Girls. Evidence, Data and Knowledge in the Pacific Island Countries. Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography. UNIFEM Pacific, August 2010 Gulnara Shahinian (10 July 2012).
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ITA Journal Literature Review: Sonata for Trombone, July 1, 2014, pp. 52 The Sonata is Cooper's first of three chamber solo works for trombone; two Sonatas for tenor trombone and one for bass trombone.
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Within the framework of this approach, a literature review prior to data collection is used in a productive and data- sensitive way without forcing the conclusions contained in the review on the collected data.
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According to Restall and Conrad,Restall, B., & Conrad, E. (2015). A literature review of connectedness to nature and its potential for environmental management. Journal of Environmental Management, 159, 264-278. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.
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The main types of literature reviews are: evaluative, exploratory, and instrumental. A fourth type, the systematic review, is often classified separately, but is essentially a literature review focused on a research question, trying to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high-quality research evidence and arguments relevant to that question. A meta-analysis is typically a systematic review using statistical methods to effectively combine the data used on all selected studies to produce a more reliable result. Torraco (2016) describes an integrative literature review.
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In the literature review section, the writer will show that he or she has done the necessary research to show that the proposed work will fit into what has already been done in the field. The literature review will show through data that he or she has gathered that the grant will address theoretical, research-based or social issues. This section should include critical evaluation of the literature, show more than one side, and indicate how his or her project is relevant to future research.
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Dimopoulos VG, Fountas KN, Feltes CH, Robinson JS, Grigorian AA. Literature review regarding the methodology of assessing third nerve paresis associated with non-ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysms. Neurosurg Rev. 2005 Oct;28(4):256-60. .
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Development and Reproduction - Wigeongrass (Ruppia maritima L.): A literature review. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The fruits are drupelets. They are dispersed in the water and inside the guts of fish and waterbirds that eat them.
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Bacteriophage Tail Fibers as a Basis for Structured Assemblies. Momentum Press/ASME, New York, NY. Google Books #Chanishvili, N. 2012. A Literature Review of the Practical Application of Bacteriophage Research. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York.
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The role of rewards has been implicated in the building of self- controlBarry, L.M. & Haraway, D.L. (2005). Self-Management and ADHD: A Literature Review. The Behavior Analyst Today, 6 (1), 48–64 BAO and empathy.Maccoby, E.M. (1968).
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Pages 189–195 in Companion to Development Studies, 3rd edition, V. Desai, and R. Potter (eds). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. (paperback). (hardcover).Correa, Teresa. (2008) Literature Review: Understanding the "second-level digital divide" papers by Teresa Correa.
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A moral hazard concern generally provides a rationale that government should not intervene in a financial crisis.Caballero, Ricardo and Pablo Kurlat (2008). "Flight to quality and Bailouts: Policy Remarks and a Literature Review." Working Paper 08-21.
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The concept of "men's health" is variously defined. A 2016 international literature review found seven different meanings, and proposed a definition based on the WHO general definition of health, that avoided male-specific disease and male stereotypes.
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14, no. 3, pp. 329–373, 1977.Q. Wang, D. Kim, D. D. Dionysiou, G. A. Sorial, and D. Timberlake, "Sources and remediation for mercury contamination in aquatic systems—a literature review," Environmental Pollution, vol. 131, no.
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Literature reviews are a basis for research in nearly every academic field. A narrow-scope literature review may be included as part of a peer-reviewed journal article presenting new research, serving to situate the current study within the body of the relevant literature and to provide context for the reader. In such a case, the review usually precedes the methodology and results sections of the work. Producing a literature review may also be part of graduate and post-graduate student work, including in the preparation of a thesis, dissertation, or a journal article.
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Shields and Rangarajan (2013) distinguish between the process of reviewing the literature and a finished work or product known as a literature review. The process of reviewing the literature is often ongoing and informs many aspects of the empirical research project. The process of reviewing the literature requires different kinds of activities and ways of thinking. Shields and Rangarajan (2013) and Granello (2001) link the activities of doing a literature review with Benjamin Bloom’s revised taxonomy of the cognitive domain (ways of thinking: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating).
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A human-dimensions review of human-wildlife disturbance: a literature review of impacts, frameworks, and management solutions(PDF) (Report). U.S. Geological Survey. p. 2. Open-File Report 2007-1111. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014.
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In the United States, homeless youth are a varied group.Edidin, Jennifer P., Zoe Ganim, Scott J. Hunter, and Niranjan S. Karnik. "The mental and physical health of homeless youth: a literature review." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 43, no.
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This plant is an important part of the diet of many species of waterfowl. In many areas, wetlands restoration begins with the recovery and protection of this plant.Kantrud, H. A. (1991). Introduction - Wigeongrass (Ruppia maritima L.): A literature review.
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Other impacted populations include the patients and healthcare industry seeing as burnout results in decreased quality of care.Dewa, C. S., Loong, D., Bonato, S., Xuan Thanh, N., & Jacobs, P. (2015). How does burnout affect physician productivity? A systematic literature review.
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Genital Dermatillomania. Current Urology Ms No.: 20161000 15\. Jacob T. Emerson, Alexander M. Geisenhoff, Alexander K. Chow, & Lev Elterman. Ethical deliberation and management of attempted penile self- amputation in a male-to-female transgender person: case presentation and literature review.
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Multiple reviews of CIS related literature are written by Shah.Shah, C (2010). Collaborative Information Seeking: A Literature Review, in Anne Woodsworth (ed.) Advances in Librarianship (Advances in Librarianship, Volume 32), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.3-33. Shah's bookShah, C (2012).
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Black soil retains moisture and is often used for the cultivation of cotton. Rabi and jowar are primarily cultivated in Bagalkot, as are groundnut, cotton, maize, bajra, wheat, sugarcane and tobacco."Karnataka: Situation Analysis and Literature Review" . 2006. Ford Foundation.
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Some hygiene factors (dissatisfiers) were: company policy, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, status, job security, and personal life.Pardee, R. L. (1990). Motivation Theories of Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor & McClelland. A Literature Review of Selected Theories Dealing with Job Satisfaction and Motivation.
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Oil pulling stems from traditional Ayurvedic medicine,Puri, Nividita (2015) "Holistic Approach of Oil Pulling in the Dental World: a literature review". The Dental Assistant 20–23 whose practitioners may use sunflower oil or other herbal oils instead of coconut oil.
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The Myth of God Incarnate is a book edited by John Hick and published by SCM Press in 1977. James Dunn, in a 1980 literature review of academic work on the incarnation, noted the "...well-publicized symposium entitled The Myth of God Incarnate, including contributions on the NT from M. Goulder and F. Young, which provoked several responses."Dunn (1980): 3. Two years later, in another literature review, R. T. France commented that "theology dropped out of the headlines again, until in 1977 the title, if not the contents, of The Myth of God Incarnate revived public interest".
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Initial studies eligible for Copyright Evidence were identified using a snowball sampling methodology, beginning with a literature review by Watson, Zizzo and Fleming. Thereafter: 103 working papers and pre-prints were identified through the SSRN e-journal Intellectual Property: Empirical Studies (published between November 1996 and July 2015); 81 studies via literature reviews by Handke, Kretschmer, and Kheria; and 50 governmental reports as proposed by CREATe doctoral candidates. Ongoing growth of Copyright Evidence is achieved by search-based identifications. A literature review, conducted by the University of Illinois, confirmed the veracity and comprehensiveness of Copyright Evidence in late-2018.
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Reports of eastern towhees nesting as early as late March in Florida and Georgia, in mid- to late April in some midwestern states, and as late as mid-May in northern New England were summarized in a literature review. Literature reviews also report nest construction by the female, which takes about three to five days. Egg laying typically occurs until August. For example, a review of eastern towhees in Indiana notes nesting from 15 April to 20 August. However, a literature review of eastern towhees in Florida included a report of a nest observed on 2 September 1983 that contained two eggs.
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Customer relationship management Benefits for Customers: Literature Review (2005-2012). # Improve customer services: In general, customers would have some questions, concerns or requests. CRM services provide the ability to a company for producing, allocating and managing requests or something made by customers.
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Oak is also not a common cutting board material due to its relatively large pore size. Another study in 2012 found that bamboo had high antimicrobial activity compared to other woods. In 2016, a literature review summarizing wood and microbial safety was published.
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He also contributed to the symposia organized by MAL Fobi in Los Angeles and Nicola Scopinaro in Genoa, as well as to many other American and international congresses.Oria HE. Gastric banding for morbid obesity: literature review. In: Deitel M, Cowan G, eds.
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Martin, Alexander C.; Zim, Herbert S.; Nelson, Arnold L. (1951). American wildlife and plants. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. A literature review lists crowngrass (Paspalum spp.) and rice (Oryza sativa) as relatively important food sources for soras in the Southeast.
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This endangered plant grows in mid-Appalachian shale barrens, an eroding shale scree of Devonian origin.Nott, M. P. (2006). Shale barren rock cress (Arabis serotina): A literature review and analysis of vegetation data. A report to the Navy Information and Operations Command.
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It remained in use in some countries as late as the 2000s. Harry Benjamin reported on the use of estradiol undecylate in transgender women in his book The Transsexual Phenomenon in 1966 and in a literature review in the Journal of Sex Research in 1967.
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In this way, stories are non-confrontational, which allows the child to discover for themselves what they did wrong and what they can do to adjust the behavior.Battiste, Marie. Indigenous Knowledge and Pedagogy in First Nations Education: A Literature Review with Recommendations. Ottawa, Ont.
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A study by Kreger et al combining a retrospective review of three cases of alpha thalassemia major and a literature review of 17 cases found that in utero transfusion can lead to favorable outcomes. Successful hematopoietic cell transplantation was eventually carried out in four patients.
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By 1914 French foreign policy was based on an alliance with Russia, and an informal understanding with Britain; both assumed that the main threat was from Germany.Cody Nester, "France and the Great War: Belligerent Warmonger or Failed Peacekeeper? A Literature Review." History 12 (2015): 2+.
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Grounded theory gives the researcher freedom to generate new concepts in explaining human behavior. Research based on grounded theory, however, follows a number of rules. These rules make grounded theory different from most other methods employed in qualitative research. No pre-research literature review.
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A systematic review, or systematic literature review, is a type of literature review that uses systematic methods to collect secondary data, critically appraise research studies, and synthesize findings qualitatively or quantitatively. Systematic reviews formulate research questions that are broad or narrow in scope, and identify and synthesize studies that directly relate to the systematic review question. They are designed to provide a complete, exhaustive summary of current evidence, published and unpublished, that is "methodical, comprehensive, transparent, and replicable." An understanding of systematic reviews and how to implement them in practice is highly recommended for professionals involved in the delivery of health care, public health, and public policy.
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One psychological adaptation found solely in women is pregnancy sickness. This is an adaptation resulting from natural selection for the purpose of avoiding toxic-containing foods during pregnancy. Margaret Profet, an evolutionary biologist, provides evidence for this adaptation in a literature review on pregnancy sickness.Profet, M. (1992).
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Computer-assisted plagiarism detection (CaPD) is an Information retrieval (IR) task supported by specialized IR systems, which is referred to as a plagiarism detection system (PDS) or document similarity detection system. A 2019 systematic literature review presents an overview of state-of-the-art plagiarism detection methods.
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Compared to the pathophysiology of celiac disease, the pathophysiology of NCGS is far less understood. A literature review of 2014 found that people suffering from NCGS "are a heterogeneous group, composed of several subgroups, each characterized by different pathogenesis and clinical history, and, probably, clinical course".
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DNA sequences of HBsAg were obtained from 180 patients, in which 51 were chronic HBV carrier and 129 newly diagnosed patients, and compared with consensus sequences built with 168 HBV sequences imported from GenBank. Literature review and BLOSUM scores were used to define potentially altered antigenicity.
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Similarly, when an edge to edge class III incisal relationship is present dental attrition can occur.Meshramkar R, Lekha K, Nadiger R (Jan–Mar 2012). "Tooth wear, etiology, diagnosis and its management in elderly: A literature review". International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 2 (1): 38–41.
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But various environmental problems and issues may arise from the construction of a sea wall, including disrupting sediment movement and transport patterns.Kraus, N & McDougal. (1996) The Effects of Seawalls on the Beach: Part I: An Updated Literature Review in Journal of Coastal Research. Vol. 12, No. 3.
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The trust published a literature review Baby Bonds in 2014 by researchers from Columbia and Princeton universities highlighting the importance of secure attachment for babies. Another 2014 report, Sound Foundations, by Oxford University academies showed the importance of qualified early years staff working with disadvantaged young children.
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He's widely cited within his field. Citations for Stuck, A. E., Walthert, J. M., Nikolaus, T., Büla, C. J., Hohmann, C., & Beck, J. C. (1999). Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: a systematic literature review. Social Science & Medicine, 48(4), 445-469.
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A 2013 Lancet systematic literature review found that among reproductive aged women in a marriage or union, 66% worldwide and 77% in the United States use contraception. Due to this, unplanned pregnancies in the United States are at the lowest they have ever been throughout history.
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Lotfi Zadeh: el genio creador de la lógica borrosa. Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología, 12(2), 127-133. Through this, different aspects of the problem can be analysed separately. Ghildyal, A., & Chang, E. IT Governance and Benefit Models: Literature Review and Proposal of a Novel Approach.
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By 1914 French foreign policy was thus based on an alliance with Russia, and an informal understanding with Britain, all based on the assumption that the main threat was from Germany.Cody Nester, "France and the Great War: Belligerent Warmonger or Failed Peacekeeper? A Literature Review." History 12 (2015): 2.
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Dominici, G., "From Marketing Mix to E-Marketing Mix: A Literature Review," International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 9, no. 4. 2009, pp 17-24 However, at that stage, theorists and academics were not in agreement as to what elements made up the so-called marketing mix.
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Tarsal tunnel syndrome: A literature review. Foot & Ankle Surgery (Elsevier Science), 18(3), 149–152. Studies have found that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) show signs of distal limb neuropathy. The posterior tibial nerve serves victim to peripheral neuropathy and often show signs of TTS amongst RA patients.
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Newquay and Porthtowan are popular destinations for surfers. In recent years, the Eden Project near St Austell has been a major financial success, drawing one in eight of Cornwall's visitors in 2004.Scottish Executive, 2004. A literature review of the evidence base for culture, the arts and sport policy .
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Kroll et al. (2013) have researched papers published between 1990 and 2012 and found 36 best practices and 17 challenges for FTS.Kroll, J., Hashmi, S. I., Richardson, I., & Audy, J. L. (2013, August). A systematic literature review of best practices and challenges in follow-the- sun software development.
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Ordinal information is treated by a special joint distribution that preserves the ordinal information.Sousa R., Yevseyeva I., Pinto da Costa J.F., Cardoso J.S. (2013). Multicriteria models for learning ordinal data: A literature review. In Yang X.S. Artificial Intelligence, Evolutionary Computing and Metaheuristics: In the Footsteps of Alan Turing.
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Dissertations generally consist of (i) a comprehensive literature review, (ii) an outline of methodology, and (iii) several chapters of scientific, social, historical, philosophical, or literary analysis. Typically, upon completion, the candidate undergoes an oral examination, sometimes public, by his or her supervisory committee with expertise in the given discipline.
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Architecture types remain various. However, in 2017, Roehrs et al. performed a systematic literature review of PHRs and were able to divide architecture types into two groups: model-based and coverage-based. Model architectures represent more traditional takes on PHRs, including health data that is still stored on paper.
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Ferguson et al, (2015). The caregiver role in thromboprophylaxis management in atrial fibrillation: A literature review. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 14, (2), 98-107. DOI: 10.1177/1474515114547647 Ensuring a Safe Home: It is the responsibility of live-in caregivers to ensure their client is safe at home.
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The project did make estimates about the amount of high-quality disk candidates in AllWISE and lower-limit false-positive rates for several catalogs, based on classification false-positive rates, follow-up imaging and literature review. Out of the 149,273 subjects on the Disk Detective website 7.9±0.2% are likely candidates. 90.2% of the subjects are eliminated by website evaluation, 1.35% were eliminated by literature review and 0.52% were eliminated by high- resolution follow-up imaging (Robo-AO + Dupont/Retrocam). From this result AllWISE might contain ~21,600 high quality disk candidates and 4-8% of the disk candidates from high-quality surveys might show background objects in high-resolution images, which are bright enough to affect the infrared excess.
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The book was subject to mixed reviews Giampiero Giacomello of Perspectives on Politics deemed it an original, well researched, and well-presented book but remarked on its failure to present any unexpected or new information on the subject. He also praised the remarkable literature review of cyberspace present in the book.
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Bonaccio, S. & Dalal, R. S. (2006). Advice taking and decision-making: An integrative literature review, and implications for the organizational sciences. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101, 127–151. Such manipulations allow for a systematic study of the factors that affect how a judge reacts and responds to advisor advice.
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Indigenous Knowledge and Pedagogy in First Nations Education: A Literature Review with Recommendations. Ottawa, Ont.: Indian and Northern Affairs, 2002 Listening to a storyteller can create lasting personal connections, promote innovative problem solving and foster a shared understanding regarding future ambitions. The listener can then activate knowledge and imagine new possibilities.
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2002), while it helps to achieve and maintain sustainability objectives in all three dimensions of planet, people and profit across the entire construction supply chain (Solaimani & Sedighi, 2019Solaimani, S., & Sedighi, M. (2019). Toward a holistic view on Lean sustainable construction: a literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119213).
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Three of these four later went on to take jobs at companies that do business with TEPCO.Wang, Qiang, Xi Chen, and Xu Yi- Chong. "Accident like the Fukushima Unlikely in a Country with Effective Nuclear Regulation: Literature Review and Proposed Guidelines." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16.1 (2012): 126–46. Web.
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Maxims and Thoughts from World Literature, review in Boema nr. 76, june 2015, pag. 27 He is also included in Alertă de grad zero în proza scurtă românească actuală/Red Alert in Today's Romanian Short Story Writing (Herg Benet Publishing House, 2012) . He has won several poetry and short story contests.
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A 2013 literature review said that exposure to cannabis was "associated with diseases of the liver (particularly with co-existing hepatitis C), lungs, heart, and vasculature". The authors cautioned that "evidence is needed, and further research should be considered, to prove causal associations of marijuana with many physical health conditions".
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Rabbi Akiva entered in peace and left in peace.Babylonian Talmud > Hagigah 14b Versions of the story also appear in the esoteric Hekhalot literature.David J. Halperin, A new edition of the Hekhalot literature (Review of Synopse zur Hekhalot-Literatur by Peter Schäfer), Journal of the American Oriental Society 104(3):543-552.
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Psychological Medicine, 35, 865–871. A literature review and meta-analysis links high demands, low control, and low support to clinical depression.Madsen, I.H., Nyberg, S.T., Magnusson Hanson, L.L., et al. (2017). Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data.
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"Comparing TOC with MRP and JIT: a literature review." International Journal of Production Research 47.13 (2009): 3705-3739 Nave (2002) argues that TOC does not take employees into account and fails to empower them in the production process. He also states that TOC fails to address unsuccessful policies as constraints. Nave, Dave.
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According to Alex Poole,Literature Review Which Are More Legible: Serif or Sans Serif Typefaces? alexpoole.info . "we should accept that most reasonably designed typefaces in mainstream use will be equally legible". A study suggested that serif fonts are more legible on a screen but are not generally preferred to sans serif fonts.
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Human activity such as tree removal, natural or human induced forest fires, increase in precipitation, and podsolization, etc. are processes which could change those in- and outputs.Lavoie, M., Paré, D., Fenton, N., Taylor, K., Groot, A., and Foster, N., 2005. Paludification and forest management in the Northern Clay Section: a literature review.
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This critic noted the variability in attempts at empowerment evaluation. Miller and Campbell conducted a systematic literature review of empowerment evaluation. They highlighted types or modes of EE, as well as settings, reasons for use, selection process and degree of participation. The highlighted practice variants depending on the size of the evaluation.
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A literature review of Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin of the Australian Carnivorous Plant Society 20(4): 10–12. > In conclusion, this book blends ecology and taxonomy together with abundant > eye catching photos and thoughtful text. It therefore has appeal to natural > history scientists as well as carnivorous plant enthusiasts.
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She is the co-writer of Crime and Impunity; Sexual Torture of Women in Islamic Prisons. Amin researched, did fieldwork and provided literature review for the publication on human rights violations against LGBT individuals in Iran, Patholigizing Identities, Paralyzing Bodies: Human rights Violations Against Gay Lesbian and Transgender People in Iran (2014).
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In their first analysis, holding therapy was placed in Category 6 as a "Concerning treatment". In 2006 Craven and Lee classified 18 studies in a literature review under the Saunders, Berliner & Hanson system. They considered both dyadic developmental psychotherapy and holding therapy. They placed both in Category 3 as "Supported and acceptable".
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He later learnt his mistakes and reformed his ways. Simon is romantically involved with Lucy Gringe, gatekeeper Gringe's daughter. Together at present they stay in an apartment in the Port. According to Fantasy Literature review, he's like the typical bad-guy who makes the mistake of not killing his enemies straight- away.
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Red meat itself contains certain factors that, under certain conditions, produce carcinogens like N-nitroso compounds (NOCs). A 2016 literature review in Journal of Internal Medicine reported that for 100g or more per day of red meat consumed, the risk increased 11% for each of stroke and for breast cancer, 15% for cardiovascular mortality, 17% for colorectal cancer, and 19% for advanced prostate cancer. A 2017 literature review indicated there are numerous potential carcinogens of colorectal tissue in red meat, particularly those in processed red meat products, such as N-nitroso compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heterocyclic amines. Processed meat is more carcinogenic compared to red meat because of the abundance of potent nitrosyl-heme molecules that form N-nitroso compounds.
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"Organizing successful new service development: a literature review." Management decision 41.9 (2003): p. 858. Van den Ende received his MA at the Delft University of Technology in 1978, where he later also obtained his PhD. After several years in industry, he returned to the Delft University of Technology in 1990, where he became Assistant Professor.
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Elacatinus colini was originally thought to be a color variant of E. xanthiprora from Florida Randall, John E., and Phillip S. Lobel. "A Literature Review of the Sponge-Dwelling Gobiid Fishes of the Genus Elacatinus from the Western Atlantic, with Description of Two New Caribbean Species." Zootaxa, 2009, pp. 1–19., doi:ISSN 1175-5334.
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Ruppia maritima is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names beaked tasselweed, widgeon grass, ditch-grass and tassel pondweed. Despite its scientific name, it is not a marine plant; is perhaps best described as a salt-tolerant freshwater species.Kantrud, H. A. (1991). Classification and Distribution - Wigeongrass (Ruppia maritima L.): A literature review.
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If consensus is not reached, the process continues through thesis and antithesis, to gradually work towards synthesis, and building consensus. During the past decades, facilitators have used many different measures and thresholds to measure the degree of consensus or dissent. A comprehensive literature review and summary is compiled in an article by von der Gracht.
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Hensler J, Jensen-Kondering U, Ulmer S, Jansen O. Spontaneous dissections of the anterior cerebral artery: a meta-analysis of the literature and three recent cases. Neuroradiology. 2016 Oct;58(10):997-1004. [PubMed] 9\. Mohindra S, Kovai P, Chhabra R. Fatal Bilateral ACA Territory Infarcts after Pituitary Apoplexy: A Case Report and Literature Review.
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The eastern towhee occurs throughout the eastern United States and southeast Canada. Occurrences from southern Saskatchewan, southwest Ontario and Quebec south to Florida, and west to eastern Texas are noted in a literature review. Populations north of southern New England through northern Indiana and Illinois to southern Iowa primarily are summer residents. Pipilo e.
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"Models of eLearning: Technology Promise vs Learner Needs Literature Review." The International Journal of Management Education 3(3). Various pedagogical approaches or learning theories may be considered in designing and interacting with e-learning programs. Social-constructivist – this pedagogy is particularly well afforded by the use of discussion forums, blogs, wiki and online collaborative activities.
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This contradiction among critics confirms the suggestion that the expansion of scholarship had rendered consensus unreachable. Another review notes the influence of Strauss and judges that "much depends on whether one is an admirer of [his] contribution."Wilson, Francis G. "Politics and Literature." Review of Shakespeare's Politics, by Allan Bloom with Harry V. Jaffa.
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Ae. albopictus eggs The Asian tiger mosquito originally came from Southeast Asia. In 1966, parts of Asia and the island worlds of India and the Pacific Ocean were denoted as the area of circulation for the Asian tiger mosquito.Watson, M. S. (1967): Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus: a literature review . Dep. Army, Ft. Detrick, MD, Misc.
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Strategies for revegetation of disturbed gravel areas in climate stressed subarctic environments with special reference to Churchill, Manitoba, Canada: A literature review. Climate Research 5 49-52. The Inuit have many names for the species, including malikkaat, isuqtannguat, isurramuat, and piluit. They monitored the status of the plant in order to track the seasons.
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Open Letters Monthly or Open Letters Monthly: an Arts and Literature Review, was an online arts and culture magazine. It was founded in 2007 by Sam Sacks, John Cotter, and Steve Donoghue, and published its last issue in 2017. It features long-form criticism of books, films, and art exhibits as well as original artwork and poetry.
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A feminist blog presents the issues of feminism through a blog. Feminist blogs serve the purpose of spreading ideas, sparking debates, raising awareness, discussing opinions, sharing stories, and virtually spreading the notion of feminism throughout the Internet.Jenny Gunnarrsun Payne, "Feminist Media As Alternative Media? A Literature Review" Interface: A Journal For And About Social Movements, no.
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The studies took place from 1894 to 2007 and the nine countries in which the studies took place were the United Kingdom, Philippines, United States, Sweden, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and New Zealand. The same literature review highlighted that “studies that [analyzed] their data by gender report[ed] a higher frequency of women reporting hallucinatory experiences of some kind”.
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After an extensive literature review performed to formulate practice guidelines, the authors concurred that "the risk of serious neurological complications (from cervical manipulation) is extremely low, and is approximately one or two per million cervical manipulations."Haldeman S, Chapman-Smith D, Petersen DM. Guidelines for chiropractic quality assurance and practice parameters. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1993: 170-2.
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The literature review did not reveal consistent findings of "nonverbal weaknesses or increased spatial or motor problems relative to individuals with HFA", leading some researchers to argue that increased cognitive ability is evidenced in AS relative to HFA regardless of differences in verbal and nonverbal ability. as cited in McPartland J, Klin A (2006), p. 775.
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Although authors estimate that at least some of the manifestations of altitude sickness may appear at elevations as low as Geoff Brundrett, "Sickness at high altitude: a literature review." Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 2002. it has not been reported in the Tatras. Low air pressure begins to have marginal but detectable effects at the summit ().
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's literature review reveals that narrative transportation can cause affective and cognitive responses, beliefs, and attitude and intention changes. However, the processing pattern of narrative transportation is markedly different from that in well- established models of persuasion. A 2016 meta-analysis found significant, positive narrative persuasion (i.e., narrative-consistent) effects for attitudes, beliefs, intentions and behaviors.
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The data was aggregated by HMO and FFS. Based on the analyses and modeling, adverse selection and adverse retention were very small compared to the projected impact from premium increases for enrollees. In other words, as premiums increase, enrollment in FFS dramatically decreased. That finding was also demonstrated in a literature review published by the RAND corporation.
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This type is considered to be rare with fewer than 30 reports in the literature.Lin D, Zhao Y, Li H, Xing X (2013) Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma with villin brush border immunoreactivity: a case report and literature review. Journal of Thoracic Disease 5:E17–20 The male:female ratio is approximately 1. This condition is more common in smokers.
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Gynecol Oncol. 100:271-5. or as part of female genital mutilation. Although there may be severe pain in the groin area after the procedure, for a number of weeks, sexual function is generally still possible but limited.Aerts L et al (2012) Sexual, psychological, and relational functioning in women after surgical treatment for vulvar malignancy: a literature review.
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There are several components included in all grant proposals. An abstract, narrative, literature review and/or data, and methodology are included in all proposals. Some grant funders require more information in a proposal. Many funding agencies now require that applicants include an evaluation plan that shows how the grant recipient will determine if the project is successful or not.
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In 75% of people, the artery of Adamkiewicz originates on the left side of the aorta between the T8 and L1 vertebral segments. In an extensive literature review, recognition of the AKA using CT and/or MR was achieved in 466 of 555 cases (83.96%) and in 384 (83.3%) cases the AKA originated from a left intercostal artery.
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Potato virus Y (PVY) and potato leaf roll virus(PLRV): Literature review for potatoes South Africa. Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria. Resistance to PVY infection by hosts is low in many cases. Infection of a potato field with PVY may ultimately result in 10-100% loss in yield.
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In a study about the breast and cervical cancer screening among Hispanic women, perceived barriers, like fear of cancer, embarrassment, fatalistic views of cancer and language, was proved to impede screening.Austin, Latoya T et al. “Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening in Hispanic Women: a Literature Review Using the Health Belief Model.” Women’s Health Issues 12.3 (2002): 122–128. Web.
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According to their literature review, Conole et al. found that for today's students, technology is transferable, integrated, personalized, organized, adaptive, and pervasive. Today's student is continuously connected and in many cases far more of an expert than their teacher. Thus, if schools utilize technology, the curriculum becomes truly relevant and responsive to the learner of the 21st century.
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Neil Millar in The Christian Science Monitor wrote, "Charlotte Sometimes is a book of quite exceptional distinction.... The book is essentially about humanity caught up in the still trickery of time.... Not easily forgotten."Neil Millar, "Tales from School", in The Christian Science Monitor, 6 November 1969. p. B5. Quoted in Children's Literature Review Vol. 8.
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Literature review by Kathleen found that the difficulty arises from the following four sources. 1. People are generally susceptible to deception. 2. Political communication is usually in the form of media, which eliminates the nonverbal cues that can assist the detection of deception. 3. People become overly focused on the individual due to social judgement biases. 4.
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A 2016 literature review showed that PCT has good value in diagnosing infections in oncologic patients. Moreso, it is especially effective in diagnosing major life threatening episodes in cancer patient such as bacteremia and sepsis.Procalcitonin is reliable to monitor recurrence of Medullary Thyroid carcinoma. In detecting cancer recurrence, PCT had a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 96% respectively.
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In 2017, a literature review found that this East Asian study sampled only east Asian indigenous dogs and compared their patterns of genetic diversity to those of breed dogs from other geographic regions. As it is known that the genetic bottlenecks associated with formation of breeds strongly reduce genetic diversity, this was not an appropriate comparison.
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Altered Traits: Science Reveals How Meditation Changes Your Mind, Brain, and Body is a 2017 book by science journalist Daniel Goleman and neuroscientist Richard Davidson. The book discusses research on meditation. For the book, the authors conducted a literature review of over 6,000 scientific studies on meditation, and selected the 60 that they believed met the highest methodological standards.
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In contrast, a systematic literature review has found no significant differences in complication rates, type and occurrence of newborn morbidities between newborns who were discharged early and those who were discharged later on. Even after three weeks, no differences of complication rates were found between newborns who were discharged early and newborns who stayed at the hospital for a conventional duration.
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Accessed 18 June 2007. Theoretical work on skills-based routing system tends to be more limited, with researchers trying to identify suitable queueing theory and operations research models to represent the problems that are raised by skills-based routing systems.Gans, N. Koole, G. Mandelbaum, A. Telephone Call Centers: a Tutorial and Literature Review. 2 September 2002. Accessed 18 June 2007.
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Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) were once common here but now they are few in numbers. Extinct species from the area include the scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah), addax (Addax nasomaculatus) and bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus).Manlius, M., Menardi-Noguera, A. and Andras Zboray, A. 2003. Decline of the Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) in Egypt during the 20th century: literature review and recent observations.
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The Land of Toys () is a fictional location in the Italian novel The Adventures of Pinocchio (1883) that is disguised as a haven of freedom and anarchy for boys and occasionally girls, but is eventually discovered to be far more sinister. Described as a "land of Cocagne","Pinocchio: Carlo Collodi," Children's Literature Review. Encyclopedia.com. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
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Integration of art, movement, and verbal processing with women in an eating disorders program. In S. Riley (Ed.), Group process made visible: Group art therapy (pp.209-220). Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel. Another systematic literature review found conclusive evidence that art therapy resulted in significant weight loss in patients with obesity, as well as helping with a range of psychological symptoms.
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A 2008 literature review writes that studies in several nations have found a relationship between myopia and higher IQ and between myopia and school achievement. Several, but not all, studies have found hyperopia to be associated with lower IQ and school achievements. A common explanation for myopia is near-work. Regarding the relationship to IQ, several explanations have been proposed.
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A nutritionist in a literature review said that her works were "at best a half truth" or led to "ridiculous conclusions." Nutritionists disputed her view that alcoholism, crime, suicide, and divorce were a byproduct of poor diet. Her reliance on supplements led in a few instances to lawsuits asserting that her recommendations caused children harm. The litigation was ultimately settled out of court.
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Many animals prey on eastern towhees and their eggs, including reptiles, mammals, and birds. A literature review summarizes several reports demonstrating that predators are a major cause of nest failure. The highest nest predation rate noted was 88% in a New York study. Mammals that are likely nest predators include northern raccoons (Procyon lotor), domestic cats (Felis catus), and eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus).
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Chiu WY, Yang CC, Huang IC, Huang TS. Dysphagia as a manifestation of thyrotoxicosis: Report of three cases and literature review. Dysphagia 19:120-124 2004. For TM results may indicate normal responses or myopathic responses depending on how the disorder has progressed. Early detection may indicate normal contractual responses while highly progressed TM may show a significant decrease in contraction response.
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A 2012 literature review showed that morphometry studies had consistently found that handedness-related effects corresponded to the extent of the Yakovlevian Torque; increased torque, as measured by increased size of the right-frontal petalia and the left-occipital petalia, tends to be more common in right- handed individuals. Individuals with mixed-handedness or left-handedness show reduced levels of Yakovlevian torque.
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Eastern towhee singing in Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in New York Eastern towhees range from near sea level to as high as along the border of Tennessee and North Carolina during the summer.Stupka, Arthur. 1963. Notes on the birds of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Press A literature review reports eastern towhees up to in New Hampshire.
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On the basis of the requirement analysis, the market engineer decides whether to engineer a new mechanism from scratch or to reuse and adapt an existing one for the target problem. This decision is usually supported by a literature review, surveys, a SWOT analysis, and interviews with future market participants. The output of stage 1 is a list with all requirements.
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Deiter Steiner's 2003 Human Ecology: Fragments of Anti-fragmentary view of the world is an important expose of recent trends in human ecology. Part literature review, the book is divided into four sections: "human ecology", "the implicit and the explicit", "structuration", and "the regional dimension".Steiner, D. and M. Nauser (eds.). 1993. Human Ecology: Fragments of Anti-fragmentary Views of the World.
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In line with this traditional use, gastrodin and its acetyl derivative are used in China as an over-the-counter drug to treat neurasthenia, headache, and migraine. It is available as a dietary supplement in other countries. A Chinese literature review considers it useful for a range of central nervous system disorders, with the evidence coming from mostly Chinese researches.
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"Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis." BMJ;342:d2040 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d2040 A 2013 literature review concluded that the benefits of calcium supplementation in some studies, such as on bone health, appear to outweigh any risk calcium supplementation may pose to the cardiovascular health.
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In acute meningitis, serum PCT is useful as a biomarker for sepsis. It can also be of use in determining viral meningitis versus bacterial meningitis. These findings are the result of a 2018 literature review. This followed a 2015 meta analysis that showed that PCT had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 98% in judging viral versus bacterial meningitis.
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Circus Report magazine called the book "the most important literature review to exist in the community of juggling," a point which many other reviewers have echoed. Three months after the book's release, its eBook edition was awarded "Best Nonfiction Book of 2019" by the Next Generation Indie Book Awards. French and Spanish translations are slated to be published by the press in 2020.
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A case presentation and literature review. Primary Care Companion Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 6: 61-64. or manipulation of tocodynamometry Lee C Y, Lau M P H (1983) Manipulation of external tachodynomometer by the patient: case report. Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal 31: 170-172. Bayer-Zwirello L A, Keroack E, O’Grady J P, Gimovsky M L (1994) Fetal heart rate monitoring casebook.
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Heppermann's third book, Ask Me How I Got Here, is a novel-in-verse for young adults. The book's main character, Addie, is a high-school cross country runner who experiences an unplanned pregnancy. Many of the poems contain evocative religious imagery that highlight Addie's emotional and spiritual development. The book received starred reviews from several children's literature review publications.
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Monk from Tashilhunpo pouring butter tea Another custom recognized by Tibetans is celebrating the birth of their children a few days after the child's initial birth to dissolve the bad luck the child brings from its mother's womb. Usually the celebration is attended by the parent's friends and relatives whom bring the child gifts which includes yak butter tea.Bianmu, Sina (2019). "Chapter 3: Literature Review".
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The book has a lexicon with certain different names for foreign objects. A Children's Literature review noted the words "kittypet" and "twoleg" which mean housecat and humans respectively. In the book, instead, of using "said", Cary uses the word "mewed". This was criticized with the reviewer writing "that 'he mewed', 'she purred', and 'the warrior mewed', which pass for cat talk, grows old fast".
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St. Ambrose University Commencement Speakers Shen also founded higher education and culture focused NGO in the mid-1990s, a center in Budapest for liberal scholars, journalists, writers, and educators studying transitional society with funding from Open Society Institute and Central European University of George Soros, a literature review magazine with Chinese dissident poets and writers with support from Allen Ginsberg, Susan Sontag, and Elie Wiesel.
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In a literature review by Evers and Ellger (2004), manifestations of MH can also be attributed to: a) psychiatric disorder, b) brain lesion, c) epilepsy and d) intoxication. Of great interest to researchers are individuals who experience MH with focal lesions and epileptic brain activity. Until recently, neurologists believed in a hemispheric dominance theory of music. Brain scans of subjects with lesions seem to refute this notion.
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Minor undesired symptoms from caffeine ingestion not sufficiently severe to warrant a psychiatric diagnosis are common and include mild anxiety, jitteriness, insomnia, increased sleep latency, and reduced coordination. Caffeine can have negative effects on anxiety disorders. According to a 2011 literature review, caffeine use is positively associated with anxiety and panic disorders. At high doses, typically greater than 300 mg, caffeine can both cause and worsen anxiety.
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Southern pika (Ochotona princeps) biology and ecology: a literature review. Pikas have two different ways of foraging; they directly consume food (feeding) or they cache food in haypiles to use for a food source in the winter (haying). They feed throughout the year while haying is limited to the summer. Since they do not hibernate, pikas have greater energy demands than other montane mammals.
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Gould himself has referred to the paper as an "opinion piece" because, unlike most scientific papers, it was not based on a literature review or empirical data. It was written in a provocative and literary style that was unusual even compared to that of most other opinion pieces. David C. Queller described the paper as "an opinion piece, a polemic, a manifesto, and a rhetorical masterpiece".
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Die Pariser Friedenskonferenz 1919 und die Friedensverträge 1919—1920. Literaturbericht und Bibliographie (The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the Peace Treaties of 1919-1920. Literature Review and Bibliography), is a book published in 1970 by the German librarian and historian Max Gunzenheuser; it is a special bibliography of the Paris Peace Conference that contains about 2300 sources published during the preceding 50 years.
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This culture method was discredited when it was found that the method used a medium that killed B. burgdorferi. Mattman also authored the book Cell Wall Deficient Forms: Stealth Pathogens. A 2014 literature review found that Cell Wall Deficient forms, also known as L-forms, do not have a role in Lyme disease. Mattman was nominated for the 1997 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology.
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Furthermore, narratives in Indigenous American communities serve as a non-confrontational method of guiding children's development. Due to the fact that it is considered impolite and embarrassing to directly single out a child for improper behavior, narratives and dramatizations serve as a subtle way to inform and direct children's learning.Battiste, Marie. (2002) Indigenous Knowledge and Pedagogy in First Nations Education: A Literature Review with Recommendations .
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Paid parental leave incentivizes labor market attachment for women both before and after birth, affecting GDP and national productivity, as the workforce is larger.Note: Rønsen & Kitterød, in their literature review on p. 60, reference several other citations to this same point, q.v., Marit Rønsen and Marianne Sundstrøm [1996]; Jutta M. Joesch [1997]; Christopher J. Ruhm [1998]; JaneWaldfogel, Yoshio Higuchi, and Masahiro Abe [1999]; Chiara Daniela Pronzato [2009].
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Although sora nesting activities have been observed from late April through early August, the peak nesting period typically occurs from May to early July. In New York, nesting was initiated in late April. A nest search and literature review study of soras in Colorado reports a clutch initiated in early August. However, mean clutch initiation dates occurred in May and June in regions across the state.
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MBPM is delivered primarily through the Breathworks Mindfulness for Health course, but has also been adapted to those suffering from stress in the Mindfulness for Stress course. A 2018 literature review found that research on the Mindfulness for Health and Stress courses has shown them "to be very helpful for people with severe chronic pain and illness", but also noted that further randomized controlled trials were needed.
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In statistical hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis is a position that states something is happening, a new theory is preferred instead of an old one (null hypothesis). It is usually consistent with the research hypothesis because it is constructed from literature review, previous studies, etc. However, the research hypothesis is sometimes consistent with the null hypothesis. In statistics, alternative hypothesis is often denoted as Ha or H1.
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While progress has been made in regards to understanding presenteeism, many possible topics of inquiry still remain. In his literature review, Johns said that presenteeism had to be related to other constructs such as work attitudes and personality. Additionally, lessons from absenteeism could be applied to presenteeism. For instance, absenteeism can be defined as voluntary and involuntary, and scholars could consider applying such ideas to presenteeism.
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James Currey, the editorial director at Heinemann Educational Books in charge of the African Writers Series from 1967 to 1984, has provided a book-length treatment of the series entitled Africa Writes Back.Joseph L. Mbele, "Africa Writes Back: The African Writers Series & the Launch of African Literature (review)", from Comparative Literature Studies, Vol. 46, No. 2, 2009, pp. 425-428. Excerpted at Project Muse.
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Since the early 2000s several research studies have been conducted to determine if there was a way to visualize myofascial trigger points using tools such as ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance elastography. Several of these studies have been dismissed under meta- analysis. Another synthetic literature review expressed more optimism about the validity of imaging for myofascial trigger points, but admitted small sample sizes of the reviewed studies.
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A barn swallow. A literature review summarising more than 100 different studies in the field found that, among other variables, immunocompetence (the ability of an organism to produce a normal immune response to an antigen) had a significant relationship with fluctuating asymmetry. In other words, individuals who had a better ability to defend themselves against threats, such as parasites, were also lower in fluctuating asymmetry.
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Seward and Seward (1980) found in their literature review that real men and women often mirrored the stereotype with a few variations. An example given by Seward and Seward (1980) was that women were not found to be more neurotic or suspicious than men. Stable tendencies included male characteristic of ‘toughness’ and ‘self-assertion’ and female characteristic of ‘sensitivity’ and ‘social need’ (Seward & Seward, 1980).
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Zhu, W. X., Lu, L., & Hesketh, T. (2009). China’s excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: Analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 338(7700) Banister (2004), in her literature review on China’s shortage of girls, suggested that there has been a resurgence in the prevalence of female infanticide following the introduction of the one-child policy.
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A 2011 literature review of the economic impacts of immigration found that the net fiscal impact of migrants varies across studies but that the most credible analyses typically find small and positive fiscal effects on average. According to the authors, "the net social impact of an immigrant over his or her lifetime depends substantially and in predictable ways on the immigrant's age at arrival, education, reason for migration, and similar". According to a 2007 literature review by the Congressional Budget Office, "Over the past two decades, most efforts to estimate the fiscal impact of immigration in the United States have concluded that, in aggregate and over the long term, tax revenues of all types generated by immigrants—both legal and unauthorized—exceed the cost of the services they use." A 2018 study found that inflows of asylum seekers into Western Europe from 1985 to 2015 had a net positive fiscal impact.
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Luke Whitlatch (born 1977, Casper, Wyoming) is an American, Los Angeles-based, artist. His paintings have been shown in Los Angeles, New York City, and Wyoming. His work has been reviewed in Modern Painters and the Columbia Art and Literature Review. Whitlatch grew up in Wyoming before moving to Los Angeles to study art at Otis College of Art and Design, where he received a BFA in 2001.
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Several models exist that try to explain how new cellular functions of genes and their encoded protein products evolve through the mechanism of duplication and divergence. Although each model can explain certain aspects of the evolutionary process, the relative importance of each aspect is still unclear. This page only presents which theoretical models are currently discussed in the literature. Review articles on this topic can be found at the bottom.
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In 2019, a workshop hosted by the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group considered the New Guinea Singing Dog and the Dingo to be feral dogs Canis familiaris. In 2020, a literature review of canid domestication stated that modern dogs were not descended from the same Canis lineage as modern wolves, and proposes that dogs may be descended from a Pleistocene wolf closer in size to a village dog.
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This was known as the τ–θ puzzle. Theoretical physicists Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen-Ning Yang did a literature review on the question of parity conservation in all fundamental interactions. They concluded that in the case of the weak interaction, experimental data neither confirmed nor refuted P-conservation. Shortly after, they approached Chien-Shiung Wu, who was an expert on beta decay spectroscopy, with various ideas for experiments.
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Variations in the Solvay process have been proposed for carbon sequestration. One idea is to react carbon dioxide, produced perhaps by the combustion of coal, to form solid carbonates (such as sodium bicarbonate) that could be permanently stored, thus avoiding carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere.Huijgen, W.J.J. and Comans, R.N.J. (February, 2003). "Carbon dioxide sequestration by mineral carbonation: Literature Review," Report ECN C-03-016, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands.
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Manual for Ibogaine Therapy - Screening, Safety, Monitoring & Aftercare Howard S. Lotsof & Boaz Wachtel 2003 Ibogaine: A Novel Anti-Addictive Compound - A Comprehensive Literature Review Jonathan Freedlander, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Journal of Drug Education and Awareness, 2003; 1:79-98. Ibogaine - Scientific Literature Overview The International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service (ICEERS) 2012 Psychedelics and Extreme Sports James Oroc. MAPS Bulletin - volume XXI - number 1 - Spring 2011.
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Renal anaplastic sarcoma is a rare tumour of the kidney.Watanabe N, Omagari D, Yamada T, Nemoto N, Furuya T, Sugito K, Koshinaga T, Yagasaki H, Sugitani M (2013) Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney: case report and literature review. Pediatr Int 55(5):e129-132Labanaris A, Zugor V, Smiszek R, Nützel R, Kühn R (2009) Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney. ScientificWorldJournal 9:97-101 By 2017 about 25 cases have been reported.
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There is a literature review in Michael Erler: Platon (= Hellmut Flashar, ed.). Most favor resolving the dispute by concluding that, although Plato indeed considered the Indefinite Dyad as the indispensable and fundamental element of our ordered world, he nonetheless posited the One as some higher, overarching principle of unity. This would make Plato a monist. This position has been defended at length by Jens Halfwassen, Detlef Thiel, and Vittorio Hösle.
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Advice-taking and advice- giving are of interest to researchers in the disciplines of psychology, economics, judgment and decision-making, organizational behavior and human resources, and human communication, among others.Bonaccio, S., & Dalal, R. S. (2006). Advice taking and decision-making: An integrative literature review, and implications for the organizational sciences. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101, 127-151. In psychology, seminal articles include Brehmer and Hagafors (1986), Hollenbeck et al.
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In 1981, Gary Kleck published a literature review that declared that all states, except the Southern United States, found that African Americans were less likely than white Americans to be sentenced to death or executed. The review also found that cases with black victims were less likely than those with white victims to result in the death sentence, possibly as a result of the devaluing of black crime victims.
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Keith Gibbins and Iain Walker question whether the values included in the RVS are the ones that are critical. They argue that Rokeach, who started with several hundred values suggested by 130 individuals and a literature review, had inadequate criteria for reducing the values. They also questioned the validity of Rokeach's measures, suggesting that when people rank the values they may not even be ranking the same referents.
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Am J Gastroenterol. 1994 Sep; 89(9):1578-9. #Proctor DD, Chopra S, Rubenstein SC, Jokela JA, Uhl L. Mycobacteremia and granulomatous hepatitis following initial intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation for bladder carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993 Jul; 88(7):1112-5. #Nompleggi DJ, Farraye FA, Singer A, Edelman RR, Chopra S. Hepatic schistosomiasis: report of two cases and literature review. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991 Nov; 86(11):1658-64.
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The debate competitions are conducted between classes. Debates are intended to help the students who take part to learn and master the art of public speaking, improve their English language skills and promote research and literature review on the topics of the debate. Music: In the music component, students learn how to sing. The students who participate in music are most often born-again and learn gospel music.
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Cakir, M. (2008). Constructivist Approaches to Learning in Science and Their Implications for Science Pedagogy: A Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 3(4), 193–206. Seymour Papert defined constructionism in a proposal to the National Science Foundation titled Constructionism: A New Opportunity for Elementary Science Education as follows: > The word constructionism is a mnemonic for two aspects of the theory of > science education underlying this project.
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It was found that about 70% of the sample size regard Kahoot! as having positive results on all delay levels, while a varying number of students (between 10-20%) report that the platform is too time-consuming, forming a direct relationship with the duration of the delay. A literature review containing 93 studies on the effect of using Kahoot! for learning was published in the journal Computers & Education in 2020.
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In their 2016 literature review, Bailey et al. stated that they "expect that in all cultures the vast majority of individuals are sexually predisposed exclusively to the other sex (i.e., heterosexual) and that only a minority of individuals are sexually predisposed (whether exclusively or non-exclusively) to the same sex." They state that there is no persuasive evidence that the demographics of sexual orientation have varied much across time or place.
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Further ahead, some nations tend to perform well with respect to the overall employment in comparison with the youth unemployment. One basic notion of the literature review regarding the impact of institutions on unemployment is relative to the inconclusive state of empirical results. Analysing unemployment specific to age present a number of benefits (Dietrich & Möller, 2016). Most significant are structural variations between older and youth population across the labour market.
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Purdey, M. "Are Organophosphate Pesticides Involved in the Causation of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)? Hypothesis Based upon a Literature Review and Limited Trials on BSE Cattle," Journal of Nutritional Medicine, 1994, 4, 43–82; see also Purdey, M. "High-dose exposure to systemic phosmet insecticide modifies the phosphatidylinositol anchor on the prion protein: the origins of new variant transmissible spongiform encephalopathies?", Med. Hypotheses, volume 50, issue 2, pp. 91–111, 1998.
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Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 102(4):794–805. When found in small streams N. volucellus are generally in clear pools over gravel substrate in moderate current but they can be seen along shorelines over gravel, sand, and mud substrates usually in slow to moderate current when found in large lakes.Hrabik, R. A. 1996. Taxonomic and distributional status of Notropis wickliffi in the Mississippi River drainage: a literature review.
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Similar to humans, wolves show strong social and emotional bonds within their groupings, and this relationship might have been the foundation for the evolution of dog-human bonding. In 2019, a literature review led to a new theory named Active Social Domestication, in which the social environment of the dog ancestor induced neuro-physiological changes that caused an epigenetic cascade, which led to the rapid development of domestication syndrome.
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Dissertations normally report on a research project or study, or an extended analysis of a topic. The structure of a thesis or dissertation explains the purpose, the previous research literature impinging on the topic of the study, the methods used, and the findings of the project. Most world universities use a multiple chapter format : :a) an introduction: which introduces the research topic, the methodology, as well as its scope and significance :b) a literature review: reviewing relevant literature and showing how this has informed the research issue :c) a methodology chapter, explaining how the research has been designed and why the research methods/population/data collection and analysis being used have been chosen :d) a findings chapter: outlining the findings of the research itself :e) an analysis and discussion chapter: analysing the findings and discussing them in the context of the literature review (this chapter is often divided into two—analysis and discussion) :f) a conclusion.:Thomas, Gary (2009) Your Research Project.
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In a 2015 literature review on best practices in urban regeneration, with cities across the United States seeking ways to reverse trends of unemployment, declining population and disinvestment in their core downtown areas, as developers continue to expand into suburban areas. Re-investment in downtown core areas include mixed-use development and new or improved transit systems. With successful revitalization comes gentrification with higher property values and taxes, and the exodus of lower income earners.
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The competences required by a teacher are affected by the different ways in which the role is understood around the world. Broadly, there seem to be four models: :the teacher as manager of instruction; :the teacher as caring person; :the teacher as expert learner; and :the teacher as cultural and civic person.F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers’ core competences: requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at citing Altet et al., 1996; Conway et al.
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There are many models of common factors in successful psychotherapy process and outcome.For example: Already in 1990, Grencavage and Norcross identified 89 common factors in a literature review, which showed the diversity of models of common factors. To be useful for purposes of psychotherapy practice and training, most models reduce the number of common factors to a handful, typically around five. Frank listed six common factors in 1971 and explained their interaction.
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Similarly, Stephen D. Krashen, in a 2003 literature review, asserts that reading incentives is one of the aspects of Accelerated Reader.An article by Stephen D. Krashen titled "Does Accelerated Reader Work?" Please note that certain studies were not reviewed, which may result in a biased viewpoint, and that new studies have been conducted since this review. In this review, Krashen reiterates prior research stating that reading for incentives does not create long-term readers.
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The dissertation component shall occupy the centre stage in the M. Phil. Programme. Participants are expected to undertake a thorough literature review of the chosen subject area, make an in-depth analysis of a specific problem and examine its ramifications. The research proposal outlining the research questions and the methodology to be adopted would constitute the first stage. The proposal will then be presented to a panel of experts and participants for suggestions/ comments.
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Forest Destruction and Sustainable Agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon: a Literature Review (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Reading, 2000). Dissertation Abstracts International, 15–17 Terra preta is less prone to nutrient leaching because of its high concentration of charcoal, microbial life and organic matter. The combination accumulates nutrients, minerals and microorganisms and withstands leaching. Terra preta soils were created by farming communities between 450 BCE and 950 CE. in Soil depths can reach .
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Individuals with Alzeihmer's disease caused by dementia almost always become animated immediately when hearing a familiar song. Särkämo et al. discusses the effects of music found through a systemic literature review in those with this disease. Experimental studies on music and dementia find that although higher level auditory functions such as melodic contour perception and auditory analysis are diminished in individuals, they retain their basic auditory awareness involving pitch, timbre and rhythm.
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Among the 63 articles reviewed 74–85% noted relationship problems or separation. This article also found evidence of financial problems, intoxication, and use of firearms. This literature review unveiled that 71% of these offenses were motivated in regard to conflict between parents and 29% associated to the perpetrators' situation in life. Lastly this article reported two studies, one of which found that many of the motives involved feelings of abandonment, psychosis, and narcissistic rage.
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Manual therapy, or manipulative therapy, is a physical treatment primarily used by physical therapists, physiotherapists to treat musculoskeletal pain and disability; it mostly includes kneading and manipulation of muscles, joint mobilization and joint manipulation. It's also used by massage therapists, athletic trainers, osteopaths, and physicians A 2011 literature review indicates that placebo is one of likely many potentially relevant mechanisms through which manual therapy improves clinical outcomes related to musculoskeletal pain conditions.
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However, stress in general can have an adverse effect on decision making: Fewer alternatives are tried outStaal, Mark A. "Stress, cognition, and human performance: A literature review and conceptual framework." (2004), NASA/TM-2004-212824, IH-054 and more familiar strategies are used, even if they are not helpful anymore. Optimal performance management requires maximizing time in the optimum performance zone. The main target should be expanding comfort zone and optimal performance zone.
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Further research is needed to identify a well-defined mechanism and the potential adaptive implications for priming neighbors in preparation for forthcoming abiotic stresses; however, a literature review by Robbins et al. published in 2014 characterized the root endodermis as a signaling control center in response to abiotic environmental stresses including drought. They found that the plant hormone ABA regulates the root endodermal response under certain environmental conditions. In 2016 Rowe et al.
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David Garson, Guide to writing empirical papers, theses, and dissertations. CRC Press, 2002, , chapter "Typical Outlines", pp. 23-34. Writers of fiction and creative nonfiction, such as Jon Franklin, may use outlines to establish plot sequence, character development and dramatic flow of a story, sometimes in conjunction with free writing. Preparation of an outline is an intermediate step in the process of writing a scholarly research paper, literature review, thesis or dissertation.
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Grooming and overall online abuse of children is an issue of growing concern in the modern technological era. Victims of online grooming are frequently young teens, with the majority of victims being between the ages of 13 and 15. In a 2012 literature review of research in the area conducted by various English scholarly institutions, it was found that 9% of Internet users aged 10–17 reported unwanted online sexual solicitation or attempted grooming.
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This acacia derivative successfully prevented sperm entry into the cervical mucus, disrupted spermatozoa plasma membrane and disintegrated the acrosomal cap. Today it is understood that the more acidic the vagina is, sperm death is increased due to a hostile environment. A misconception about spermicides existed in the 1980s and 1990s. A 1988 literature review article noted that in vitro studies of nonoxynol-9 and other spermicides showed inactivation of STD pathogens, including HIV.
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Between 1996 and 2001 altogether 279 incidences with dingoes have been reported, with 39 of the cases assessed as "major" and one as "catastrophic". In April 2001 at Waddy Point on Fraser Island, a nine-year-old male was attacked and killed by two dingoes.QLD.gov.au, E. Beckmann, Gillian Savage (June 2003). "Evaluation of Dingo Education Strategy and Programs for Fraser Island and Literature review: Communicating to the public about potentially dangerous wildlife in natural settings".
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FES has been found to be useful for treating the symptoms of cerebral palsy. A recent randomised controlled trial (n=32) found significant orthotic and training effects for children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Improvements were found in gastrocnemius spasticity, community mobility and balance skills. A recent comprehensive literature review of the area of using electrical stimulation and FES to treat children with disabilities mostly included studies on children with cerebral palsy.
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A dead carpenter bee Pollinator decline is a theoretical reduction in abundance of insect and other animal pollinators in many ecosystems worldwide that began at the end of the 20th century.Kluser, S. and Peduzzi, P. (2007) "Global pollinator decline: a literature review" UNEP/GRID – Europe. Most, but not all, data used to formulate this concept comes from honeybees and bumblebees in Europe and North America. Some species are doing better than others, some are stable.
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The research question will define the objective of a study. The research will be headed by the question, so it needs to be concise, at the same time it is focused on interesting and novel topics that may improve science and knowledge and that field. To define the way to ask the scientific question, an exhaustive literature review might be necessary. So, the research can be useful to add value to the scientific community.
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Suzuki Harunobu - "Sexual Misconduct", from the book Fashionable, Lusty Mane’emon, 1770 A literature review of educator sexual misconduct published by the US Department of Education found that 9.6% of high school students have experienced some form of sexual misconduct.the actual 9.6% figure was for 8th-11th grades. Author Charol Shakeshaft extrapolated it to K-12th, which is questionable. Black, Hispanic, and Native American Indian children are at greatest risk for sexual abuse.
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Retrieved on 28 October 2016. The annual rate of foodborne illness in America is one in six. For the 48 million individuals affected, antibiotics play a critical role in thwarting mortality rates.CDC. “Estimates of foodborne illness in the United States” 2011. In a literature review conducted by the Review of Antimicrobial Resistance 100 out of 139 studies found evidence of a link between antibiotic use in animals and antibiotic resistance in consumers.
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Lynn White, Jr. must be associated with any scholarly writings on environmental theology because his work in the 1960s precipitated a renewed interest in the field on a massive scale. “The Historical Roots of our Ecological Crisis” (White, 1967) is the most common citation in a literature review on the subject. Writings in environmental theology normally cover two veins of thought. One sector being a belief system and the other sector being a behavior system.
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The Canadian Paediatric Society produced a similar guideline. Ferguson, a psychologist, has criticised these and other national guidelines for not being evidence-based. Other experts, cited in a 2017 UNICEF Office of Research literature review, have recommended addressing potential underlying problems rather than arbitrarily enforcing screen time limits. Different methodologies for assessing pathological internet use have been developed, mostly self-report questionnaires, but none have been universally recognised as a gold standard.
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Heckscher was one of nine prominent art historians, most of them refugees from the Nazi regime, who—in the words of Art Journal—"made 'art history' and 'Germanic' interchangeable terms in universities throughout the United States and struggled to reconcile the new culture with the old."Deschmukh, Marion F. "The Visual Arts and Cultural Migration in the 1930s and 1940s: A Literature Review." Central European History, Vol. 41, No. 4 (December 2008), p. 569Wallach, Amei.
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A literature review on double-skin facades was written by Harris Poirazis in 2004.ebd.lth.se The main aim of the report is to describe the concept of double-skin facades based on different sources of literature. The literature survey covers a brief description of the concept, history and common double- skin facade types and classifications. A technical description including construction parameters, (facade) opening principles and choice of panes and shading devices is also given.
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The course lasts one year, divided into three eight-week terms. There are a wide variety of lectures on both pure and applied maths, mostly concentrated in the first two terms. The third term is primarily for examinations (and revision for said examinations) which, together with the option of writing a part III essay (introduced in the 1970s, a miniature thesis of sorts, often in the form of a literature review), determine one's final grade entirely.
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Maygar-Moe, Owens, and Conoley identified specific cultural considerations that affect how practitioners should engage with concepts and theories in positive psychology within counseling settings. The literature review specifically addresses well-being, meaning, and hope. Well- being Wealthy, individualistic cultures experience higher levels of social well-being than underprivileged, collectivistic cultures (Diener, Diener, & Diener, 1995). Self-esteem was also more predictive of life satisfaction in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic cultures (Suh, Diner, Oishi, & Triadis, 1998).
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The factor geomorphology (and also topography) creates spatial diversity in the hydrological characteristics of the landscape. The flat topography (and thus low slopes) in the two major peatlands in the world, located in the West Siberian Plain and in the Hudson/James Bay Lowlands of Canada respectively, illustrate the significance of this factor.Lavoie, M., Paré, D., Fenton, N., Taylor, K., Groot, A., and Foster, N., 2005. Paludification and forest management in the Northern Clay Section: a literature review.
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"'Advocating and Celebrating the Abomination of Sodomy': The Cultural Reception of Lesbian and Gay Picturebooks." Children's Literature Review, edited by Tom Burns, vol. 142, Gale, 2009. Gale Literature Resource Center To him, this term acts as a reasoning for those who disagree with the publishing of LGBTQ+ children’s books. However, in a different article, Tracy Scott states, “That Asha is black and working-class is a reminder that gay people and families cross all economic and racial lines.
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Charles P. Smith, Questions and Answers Concerning Proposed Amendment on Removal of Juveniles From Adult Jails and Lockups, National Criminal Justice Reference Service (May 20, 1980). The "DMC" requirement was added in the JJDPA in the 1992 amendments to the Act,Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC), Literature Review, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice (last updated November 2014). the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act of 1992 (Pub. L. 93-415).
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If diarrhea becomes severe (typically defined as three or more loose stools in an eight-hour period), especially if associated with nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever, or blood in stools, medical treatment should be sought. Such patients may benefit from antimicrobial therapy. A 2000 literature review found that antibiotic treatment shortens the duration and severity of TD; most reported side effects were minor, or resolved on stopping the antibiotic. The antibiotic recommended varies based upon the destination of travel.
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During the fifth semester, MUA students complete a "Research: Literature Review and Analysis" module which is designed to further develop the ability to evaluate and assimilate scientific evidence and reinforce the skills for critically appraising and communicating medical knowledge. Students analyze a current and complex medical care question using evidence from published medical literature. In preparing the paper, students work independently under the guidance of a faculty mentor. Each paper is evaluated by a faculty committee.
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Skin ageing is associated with increased vulnerability. Skin problems including pruritus are common in the elderly but are often inadequately addressed. A literature review of studies that assessed maintenance of skin integrity in the elderly found most to be low levels of evidence but the review concluded that skin- cleansing with synthetic detergents or amphoteric surfactants induced less skin dryness than using soap and water. Moisturizers with humectants helped with skin dryness, and skin barrier occlusives reduced skin injuries.
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The authors developed the Family Systems Nursing Model, a "world famous model for family nursing practice". Larry Mauksch, reviewing the book in Families, Systems, and Health, commended the extensive literature review and approachable prose, but criticized the book's method of identifying and analyzing moments of change in therapy as unscientific. Mauksch wrote that the book "extended the application of narrative approaches beyond psychosocial problems to broader, biopsychosocial-spiritual contexts". The book was later translated into Swedish and Japanese.
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Forest Destruction and Sustainable Agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon: a Literature Review (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Reading, 2000). Dissertation Abstracts International, 15–17 The soils in the Amazon are productive for just a short period of time, so farmers are constantly moving to new areas and clearing more land. These farming practices led to deforestation and caused extensive environmental damage. Deforestation is considerable, and areas cleared of forest are visible to the naked eye from outer space.
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Ward, B. M. "The Famous Victories of Henry the Fifth: Its Place in Elizabethan Dramatic Literature." Review of English Studies IV (July, 1928): 270-94, pp. 287, 294. Scot McCrea thinks this unlikely, but argues that the author was probably trying to flatter Oxford, as the role of his ancestor Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford is exaggerated in the text.McCrea, Scott, The Case For Shakespeare: The End Of The Authorship Question, Greenwood, 2005, p.157-8.
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40: 127-131, 1949. From a literature review and their own study in Brazil, Saldanha and Guinsburg (1961) suggested that lack of middle phalangeal hair may be determined by a pair of recessive genes, but noted that the occurrence of sex, age, and possibly environmental differences make genetic analysis of the trait difficult. Egesi and Rashid (2010) reviewed the subject of middigital hair and its clinical significance.Egesi, A., Rashid, R. Hair in the middle phalanges: clinical significance.
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The third year iSci course, ISCI 3A12, consists of 3 modules in the first term and one in the second, along with an Individual Project (IP). There is also a year long module of Science Literacy. The 4 project-based courses are Forensics Investigation, Wine Science (WS), Climate Change (CC), and The Light Universe and Everything (LUE). IPs may consist of items such as wet lab work, a mathematical model, a literature review, and a video.
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In 2018, Vincent was accused of plagiarizing several parts of his dissertation by an anonymous source claiming to be a Hobart and William Smith Colleges faculty member. However, based on a review conducted by Penn's Graduate School of Education faculty members, Vincent was given the opportunity to make revisions to the literature review portion of his dissertation, under Penn Graduate School of Education faculty supervision, which were completed to their satisfaction and meant his degree now stands.
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Mixmag reported in January 2012, that people in the dance music and clubbing community have given MXE the slang name 'roflcoptr'. Vice commented that it was likely that the phrase will only be used by "the same politicians, parents and journalists" who called mephedrone 'meow meow'. After being called mexxy in UK Home Office press releases, the media adopted the name. A literature review was published in March 2012 which looked at scientific literature and information on the web.
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In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of other reported cases. Case reports are professional narratives that provide feedback on clinical practice guidelines and offer a framework for early signals of effectiveness, adverse events, and cost.
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The website then estimates your carbon footprint based on your answers to these questions. A systematic literature review was conducted to objectively determine the best way to calculate individual/household carbon footprints. This review identified 13 calculation principles and subsequently used the same principles to evaluate the 15 most popular online carbon footprint calculators. A recent study's results by Carnegie Mellon's Christopher Weber found that the calculation of carbon footprints for products is often filled with large uncertainties.
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In 2002, authors from Sapienza University of Rome stated on the basis of a comprehensive literature review that "clinical observation without treatment is advisable when possible". Therapeutic options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Surgery is used to remove single lymph nodes, central nervous system lesions, or localized cutaneous disease. In 2014, Dalia and colleagues wrote that for patients with extensive or systemic Destombes–Rosai–Dorfman disease, "a standard of care has not been established" concerning radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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John Edward Gray, A hand catalogue of postage stamps for the use of collectors, London, Robert Hardwicke, 1862"Early Postage Stamp Catalogs" by George B. Sloane in Stamps, 13 July 1946. The first in the United States was The Stamp Collector's Manual by A.C. Kline (a pseudonym for John William Kline), also 1862.Herbert A. Trenchard and George T. Turner, "John William Kline America's First Philatelic Author", in Philatelic Literature Review, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp.
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Michael H. Belzer is an internationally recognized expert on the trucking industry, especially the institutional and economic impact of deregulation. He is an associate professor, in the economics department at Wayne State University. He is the author of Sweatshops on Wheels: Winners and Losers in Trucking Deregulation (Oxford University Press, 2000). . Along with Gregory M. Saltzman, he coauthored Truck Driver Occupational Safety and Health: 2003 Conference Report and Selective Literature Review, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007.
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The most recent form of organic childbearing psychosis to be described is encephalitis associated with antibodies to the NMDA receptor; these women often have ovarian teratomas. A Japanese review found ten reported during pregnancy and five after delivery Doden T, Sekijima Y, Ikeda J, Ozawa K, Ohashi N, Kodaira M, Hineno A, Tachibana N, Ikeda S (2016) Postpartum anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case report and literature review. Internal Medicine 56: 357-362. .
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Human pressures are to blame for the cheetah population crash, including prey loss due to overhunting by people, retaliatory killing from farmers, habitat loss and the illegal wildlife trade. The term pollinator decline refers to the reduction in abundance of insect and other animal pollinators in many ecosystems worldwide beginning at the end of the twentieth century, and continuing into the present day.Kluser, S. and Peduzzi, P. (2007) "Global pollinator decline: a literature review" UNEP/GRID – Europe.
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Two Cochrane reviews in 2012 concluded that there was insufficient evidence to support its efficacy in managing the pain of childbirth or post-natal depression. In 2016, a literature review published in La Presse Medicale found that there is not sufficient evidence to "support the efficacy of hypnosis in chronic anxiety disorders". In 2019, a Cochrane review was unable to find evidence of benefit of hypnosis in smoking cessation, and suggested if there is, it is small at best.
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They helped me understand it and told > me what to do with it.” An important finding highlighted in this study is that studies done by the World Health Organization (WHO) have found that “developing countries (non- Western) experience far higher rates of recovery from ‘schizophrenia’ than Western countries”. The researchers further articulate that these findings may be due to culturally specific meaning created about the experience of schizophrenia, psychosis, and hearing voices as well as “positive expectations around recovery”. Research has found that auditory hallucinations and hallucinations more broadly are not necessarily a symptom of “severe mental health” and instead might be more commonplace than assumed and also experienced by people in the general population. According to a literature review, “The prevalence of voice-hearers in the general population: A literature review”, which compared 17 studies on auditory hallucinations in participants from nine countries, found that “differences in the prevalence of [voice-hearing in the adult general population] can be attributed to true variations based on gender, ethnicity and environmental context”.
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However it has recently been shown that certain bacteria are capable of dramatically changing shape. Sergei Winogradsky took a middle-ground stance in the pleomorphism controversy. He agreed with the monomorphic school of thought, but disagreed with some of the foundational microbiological beliefs that the prominent monomorphists Cohn and Koch held. Winogradsky published a literature review titled "The Doctrine of Pleomorphism in Bacteriology" in which he attempted to explicate the pleomorphic debate, identifying the fundamental errors within each side's argument.
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Medpedia was composed of three primary components: # A collaborative encyclopedia (also referred to as the "knowledge base") # A Network & Directory for health professionals and organizations # Communities of Interest where medical professionals and non-professionals come together to discuss topics of interest. A 2012 literature review of 50 academic journal articles about the use of social media by cliniciansvon Muhlen, M., & Ohno- Machado, L. (2012). Reviewing social media use by clinicians. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 19(5), 777–81.
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He concluded: "While we did replicate EVP in the weak sense of finding voices on audio tapes, none of the phenomena found in our study was clearly anomalous, let alone attributable to discarnate beings. Hence we have failed to replicate EVP in the strong sense." The findings were published in the Journal of Scientific Exploration in 2001, and include a literature review. In 2005, the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research published a report by paranormal investigator Alexander MacRae.
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Tourism in Cornwall. making up around a quarter of the economy. In particular, Newquay is a popular destination for surfers. In 2004 the Eden Project near St Austell was considered to be a major financial success, drawing one in eight of Cornwall's visitors,Scottish Executive, 2004. A literature review of the evidence base for culture, the arts and sport policy though in 2007 it lost its bid to receive an extra £50m lottery grant (for a major expansion) in a public vote.
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Anantha Duraiappah (1996). Poverty and Environmental Degradation: a Literature Review and Analysis CREED Working Paper Series No 8 International Institute for Environment and Development, London. Retrieved on June 27, 2016 A Delhi-based environment organisation, the Centre for Science and Environment, points out that if the poor world were to develop and consume in the same manner as the West to achieve the same living standards, "we would need two additional planet Earths to produce resources and absorb wastes.", reports Anup Shah (2003).
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Jeremy Gardner, "Zines in the Academic Library: A Literature Review," Library Student Journal, May 2009. About 1/4 of the zines in the collection are listed on Excelsior, the New York State Library's electronic catalog; staff of the Manuscripts & Special Collection can help locate other items.C. Janowsky, "NYSL Collections That Are Not in the Library’s Online Catalog," New York State Library, June 2009. Two hundred and forty zines that R. Seth Friedman donated are in the collection of the San Francisco Public Library.
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282 The novel was strongly supported by Vissarion Belinsky, first in his essay "The 1846 Russian Literature Review", then the article "The Answer to Moskvityanin".The Works by V.G. Belinsky. Vol.III. Goslitizdat. Moscow, 1948, pp. 675, 676, 746 Choosing for an example the caricature by M.L. Nevakhovich in Yeralash magazine (1847, book I, page 5) where Grogorovich was shown as someone searching in a garbage can, he lashed against the critics for whom the novel was too realistic and, by default, 'dirty'.
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Lashi (Burmese: လရှီ); (endonym Lacid) is a Burmish language. Although the endonym Lashi is often used by Western researchers, the people refer to themselves and their language as Lacid.Noftz 2017 It is according to Nishi (1999: 70) in the Maruic branch, which preserves the preglottalized initials of Proto-Burmish in the most phonotactic environments. Data on Lashi is available in the followining publications (A Literature Review on Segments in Lacid (Lashi) Noftz 2017,) (Luce 1985: Charts S, T, V; Huang et al.
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In 2016, a literature review found that there is no definitive evidence that the founding members of captive populations of New Guinea singing dogs were wild- living animals; they were raised as members of village populations of domestic dogs. However, in 2020 a nuclear genome study indicates that the highland wild dogs from the base of Puncak Jaya were the population from which captive New Guinea singing dogs were derived. The size and distribution of the wild population is not known.
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With two authors at the time, Holmes decided to publish the books under a pseudonym; having two authors would place the books at different places at libraries, confusing and possibly scaring off potential readers. The last name Hunter was chosen because it put the books next to the Redwall series, which has a similar genre. Warriors uses a lexicon with different names for certain foreign objects. A Children's Literature review noted the words "kittypet" and "twoleg" which mean housecat and humans respectively.
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Although student- teacher ratio does not measure class size, some important studies and surveys have used student-teacher ratio as a proxy for class size. Indeed, some critics of class size reduction, including Malcolm Gladwell's David and Goliath, cite a 1986 study by Eric Hanushek, “The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools,” that relies on a literature review of data on student-teacher ratio instead of class size. See Class-size reduction for a full discussion of Hanushek’s thesis.
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The American Housing Survey is conducted by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) every two years. A 2007 literature review conducted for HUD's Office of Policy Development and Research found that the most commonly used measures of overcrowding are persons-per-room or persons-per-bedroom. The United States uses persons per room, and considers a household crowded if there is more than one person per room, and severely crowded if more than 1.5 persons share a room.
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Copyright Evidence currently holds details of over 600 evidence-based studies on copyright, and acts as a dynamic literature review platform which is open to text and data mining. Mining and visualisation tools were explored during the 2016 EUHackathon, which identified certain clusters of cross-referencing between key related studies. Governmental reports, for example, tend to cross-reference other governmental reports, but less so academic evidence on copyright. Copyright Evidence visualisations provide summary statistics on the landscape of the indexed studies.
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In 2006, a literature review was undertaken to evaluate the research on amalgam and its potential health effects on dentists and dental staff. It was reported that there is currently no conclusive epidemiological evidence regarding risks for adverse reproductive outcomes associated with mercury and dental professionals. It is mentioned that evidence to date fails to account for all confounding variables (such as alcohol consumption) and recommends more comprehensive and rigorous studies to adequately assess the hazards faced by dental personnel.
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Female Arrival and departure of eastern towhees into summer breeding grounds varies with location. According to a literature review, eastern towhees typically arrive in New York in early April and leave by the middle of November. A review of eastern towhees in New Hampshire describes arrival in late April to May with the majority departing in September. Further south, on the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, migration to high-elevation areas within the Great Smoky Mountains begins as early as March.
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Average weekly adult survival rate of eastern towhees in a South Carolina study area was 99.3%. This rate was obtained from radio-marked eastern towhees and represented the pooled survival of both sexes and from 2 South Carolina sites, young and mature stands of loblolly and longleaf pine. Between 1962 and 1967 in Pennsylvania, annual survival of breeding eastern towhees calculated from mistnetting recaptures was 58%. According to a literature review, both males and females become reproductively mature in their second year.
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A study of primary malignancies in the United States found a rate of 0.12 cases per 1,000,000 population per year. Carcinoids that were not identified as malignant were not included in this data. Carcinoid is found in roughly 1 in 300-400 appendectomies for acute appendicitis. In a systematic literature review where 4765 appendiceal cancer patients were identified, the incidences of appendiceal cancer were shown to have increased regardless of the type of tumor, age, sex, and stage of appendiceal cancer.
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Once the aim of the study is defined, the possible answers to the research question can be proposed, transforming this question into a hypothesis. The main propose is called null hypothesis (H0) and is usually based on a permanent knowledge about the topic or an obvious occurrence of the phenomena, sustained by a deep literature review. We can say it is the standard expected answer for the data under the situation in test. In general, HO assumes no association between treatments.
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Photovoice is a qualitative method used in community-based participatory research to document and reflect reality.Darrah L Goo Kuratani & Elaine Lai (2011). "TEAM Lab - Photovoice Literature Review" It is an empowering and flexible process that combines photography with grassroots social action and is commonly used in the fields of community development, international development, public health, and education. Participants include community members of all ages and status including those who are discriminated against due to language, gender, race, class, disability, etc.
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Lemierre's syndrome begins with an infection of the head and neck region. Usually this infection is a pharyngitis (which occurred in 87.1% of patients as reported by a literature review), but it can also be initiated by infections of the ear, mastoid bone, sinuses, or saliva glands. During the primary infection, F. necrophorum colonizes the infection site and the infection spreads to the parapharyngeal space. The bacteria then invade the peritonsillar blood vessels where they can spread to the internal jugular vein.
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London-based literature review periodical The Academy had an unsigned review that called the novel a "very amusing story of the feuilleton type". Review had also said that novel was "excellent in the mingling of farce and characterization." An unsigned review in The Times Literary Supplement notes that Grand Babylon follows a type of subgenre that Anthony Hope had begun with The Prisoner of Zenda and praised Bennett's ability to keep readers interest from the first page to the last.
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The Policy Views of American Economic Association Members: The Results of a New Survey, Robert Whaples, Econ Journal Watch, Volume 6, Number 3, September 2009, pp. 337–48. Another literature review, looking at the publications of 72 economic researchers who have studied organ trade, reached a similar conclusion: 68% supported legalization of the organ trade, while only 21% opposed it.Do Economists Reach a Conclusion on Organ Liberalization?, Jon Diesel, Econ Journal Watch, Volume 7, Number 3, September 2010, pp. 320–36.
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A Literature Review of Theoretical Model and Empirical Test. Lüneburg: Centre for Sustainability Management, 2003, p.2 CSM Lüneburg The cost savings that can be achieved are sufficient to overcompensate for both the compliance costs directly attributed to new regulations and the innovation costs. In the first mover advantage, a company is able to exploit innovation by learning curve effects or patenting and attains a dominating competitive position compared to companies in countries where environmental regulations were enforced much later.
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Some groups, such as PETA, promote vegetarianism as a way to offset poor treatment and working conditions of workers in the contemporary meat industry. These groups cite studies showing the psychological damage caused by working in the meat industry, especially in factory and industrialised settings, and argue that the meat industry violates its labourers' human rights by assigning difficult and distressing tasks without adequate counselling, training and debriefing.Positive Safety Culture. The key to a safer meat industry , A literature review July 2000, safework.sa.gov.
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Benzoyl peroxide can have a drying effect on the skin, can cause erythema (redness) and fine scaling, though these effects are usually mild, and can increase sensitivity to sunlight. One in 500 may experience allergic contact dermatitis. It is categorized as a pregnancy category C agent, "suggesting that its use in pregnancy may not be prudent," according to a literature review in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. If benzoyl peroxide comes into contact with clothing it is likely to bleach it.
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The surgical procedure most often used to implant the device is called mastoidectomy with facial recess approach (MFRA). If a person's individual anatomy prevents MFRA, other approaches, such as going through the suprameatal triangle, are used. A systematic literature review published in 2016 found that studies comparing the two approaches were generally small, not randomized, and retrospective so were not useful for making generalizations; it is not known which approach is safer or more effective. The procedure is usually done under general anesthesia.
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The Haunted Pampero is a collection of fantasy and other short stories by William Hope Hodgson. It was first published in 1992 by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 500 copies, all of which were signed by the editor, Sam Moskowitz. The stories first appeared in the magazines The Premier Magazine, The Red Magazine, Cornhill Magazine, The Idler, Shadow: Fantasy Literature Review, The Royal Magazine, The Blue Magazine, Sea Stories, The New Age, Everybody’s Weekly and Short Stories.
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A four-page literature review in the British Medical Journal concludes: "No compelling evidence exists to suggest that any conventional or complementary intervention is effective for preventing or treating alcohol hangover. The most effective way to avoid the symptoms of alcohol induced hangover is to avoid drinking." Most remedies do not significantly reduce overall hangover severity. Some compounds reduce specific symptoms such as vomiting and headache, but are not effective in reducing other common hangover symptoms such as drowsiness and fatigue.
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However, when human cell lines were tested and a Comet assay was conducted, BPF caused DNA fragmentation when introduced to the cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations. In addition, another study found BPF to be genotoxic when introduced to Hep G2 cells. A literature review of in vivo studies of BPF found that four out of five studies yielded results that BPF is estrogenic, androgenic and thyroidogenic. In addition, one study done in rats found the greatest effect of BPF to be liver toxicity.
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Zooplankton play an important role in the pelagic food web by linking primary producers to higher trophic levels, and significantly contribute to biogeochemical cycles. A. hudsonica will feed on a variety of organisms including phytoplankton, heterotrophic protists and mixotrophic protists. The energy gained from their prey then gets transferred up the food web when the A. hudsonica themselves are eaten. A literature review done in 1984 showed that copepods, including Acartia, are the most frequently recorded prey of larval fish.
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According to Sieber (2006), PPGIS was first envisioned as a means of mapping individuals by many social and economic demographic factors in order to analyze the spatial differences in access to social services. She refers to this kind of PPGIS as top-down, being that it is less hands on for the public, but theoretically serves the public by making adjustments for the deficiencies, and improvements in public management.Sieber, R. 2006. Public Participation and Geographic Information Systems: A Literature Review and Framework.
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The United States Coast Guard performing rescue operations for a ship grounded near St. George Island, Alaska Ship grounding is the impact of a ship on seabed or waterway side.Mazaheri, A., Montewka, J., Kujala, P., (2014), "Modeling the risk of ship grounding - A literature review from a risk management perspective", WMU-Journal of Maritime Affairs, Vol. 13, No.2, pp.269-297, It may be intentional, as in beaching to land crew or cargo, and careening, for maintenance or repair, or unintentional, as in a marine accident.
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Hamburger preparation in a fast food establishment Hamburgers are usually a feature of fast food restaurants. The hamburgers served in major fast food establishments are usually mass-produced in factories and frozen for delivery to the site.For references see the literature review in William O. Giles "Method for preparing hamburger patties" issued January 16, 1996. These hamburgers are thin and of uniform thickness, differing from the traditional American hamburger prepared in homes and conventional restaurants, which is thicker and prepared by hand from ground beef.
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Back to the future: Personality and Assessment and personality development, Journal of Research in Personality 43. 137–145. # Low correlations between measures of behavior and personality: In psychological research, whether relationships between variables exist are compared by the correlation coefficient. Mischel argued that in his literature review of personality research, the correlation between personality and behavior, or behavior across situations, rarely exceeded .30-.40. Because the correlations are close to zero, Mischel concluded that personality traits have little to no relationship to shaping behavior.
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Hartelius, Friedman, Pappas (2013) - The Calling to a Spiritual Psychology. Chapter 3 in Friedman and Hartelius (editors), the Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Transpersonal Psychology, West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons Their concern was the possibility of misdiagnosis of these problems. Based on an extensive literature review, and networking with the American Psychiatric Association Committee on Religion and Psychiatry, the group made a proposal for a new diagnostic category entitled "Psychoreligious or Psychospiritual Problem". The proposal was submitted to the Task Force on DSM-IV in 1991.
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David Shannon was born in Washington, D.C., but he also spent his childhood in Spokane, Washington. In an interview with Sonia Bolle in the Children's Literature Review (CLR), he said, "I loved Oliver Twist," but I liked the Artful Dodger more than Oliver. And I always thought the villains in Disney Movies were really cool." Retrieved April 29, 2009, from Literature Resource Center via Gale Shannon said that this fondness for villains made him realize as a child that "you need both sides for a good story.
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45-75 For instance, the assignment of and control over land uses will generally reduce transaction costs and can create or enlarge markets (Lai, 1994, 91).LAI WAI CHUNG, L. (1994), 'The eco- nomics of zoning: a literature review and analysis of the work of Coase', Town Planning Review, 65, 77-98. The following are a list of public land use and development controls that the Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing lists as useful methods in promoting economic development.Ontario Municipal Affairs and Housing.
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MBE proponents have been accused of being too speculative, overstating the capabilities of future interventions and describing unrealistic scenarios like enhancing "all of humanity." One literature review assesses the evidence on seven interventions cited by MBE proponents, saying that none works well enough to be practically feasible. Furthermore, there is some doubt that any drugs for moral enhancement will soon be introduced to the market. Nick Bostrom highlighted that the way medical research is conducted and drugs approved impedes the development of enhancement drugs.
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The process of economic forecasting is similar to data analysis and results in estimated values for key economic variables in the future. An economist applies the techniques of econometrics in their forecasting process. Typical steps may include: #Scope: Key economic variables and topics for forecast commentary are determined based on the needs of the forecast audience. #Literature review: Commentary from sources with summary- level perspective, such as the IMF, OECD, U.S. Federal Reserve, and CBO helps with identifying key economic trends, issues and risks.
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Glaser raised the issue of the use of a literature review to enhance the researchers' "theoretical sensitivity," i.e., their ability to identify a grounded theory that is a good fit to the data. He suggested that novice researchers might delay reading the literature to avoid undue influence on their handling of the qualitative data they collect. Glaser believed that reading the relevant research literature (substantive literature) could lead investigators to apply preexisting concepts to the data, rather than interpret concepts emerging from the data.
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An integrated outline is a helpful step in the process of organizing and writing a scholarly paper (literature review, research paper, thesis or dissertation). When completed the integrated outline contains the relevant scholarly sources (author's last name, publication year, page number if quote) for each section in the outline. An integrated outline is generally prepared after the scholar has collected, read and mastered the literature that will be used in the research paper. Shields and Rangarajan (2013) recommend that new scholars develop a system to do this.
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Case study methodology was used to gather data on 22 communities across the US. Data sources included review of the marketing websites belonging to the communities; a literature review; and, interviews conducted with individuals responsible for the design and sales of the communities' lots or the management of the equestrian facilities. Statistics and images of the communities, including plats where available, were compiled into community "cut sheets" which are single-page synopses of each community.Fackrell, L. Equestrian communities: design features and development process. Master's thesis.
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A literature review published in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health concludes that there are a wide variety of health risks posed by residential wood combustion. It states: The Washington Department of Ecology also published a booklet explaining why wood smoke can be dangerous. It explains that human lung and respiratory systems are unable to filter particles emitted by wood combustion, which penetrate deeply into the lungs. For months, cancer-causing chemicals can continue to cause changes and structural damage within the respiratory system.
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According to several literature reviews, eastern towhees may renest after failed nesting attempts and can raise two, and in the south sometimes three, broods per season. In a literature review, Greenlaw reports mean breeding territory size of (range , n=24) in a mesic oak (Quercus species) forest where eastern towhees occurred at a density of 21 males/40 ha. In a xeric pine (Pinus species)-oak woodland where the eastern towhee density was 32 males/40 ha, mean eastern towhee territory size was (range , n=20).
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Provider factors also influence the barrier to screening which is a lack of awareness of the screening guidelines, skills or having the right tools to perform eye exams which can affect the diagnosis and treatment. A cross-sectional study showed that when physicians treating black patients had more difficulty providing proper subspecialty care and diagnostic imaging for the patients.1\. Nsiah-Kumi, P., Ortmeier, S. R., & Brown, A. E. (2009). Disparities in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Disease for Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations—A Literature Review.
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Classifications of different forms of asphyxia vary among literature, with differences in defining the concept of mechanical asphyxia being the most obvious. In DiMaio and DiMaio's 2001 textbook on forensic pathology, mechanical asphyxia is caused by pressure from outside the body restricting respiration. Similar narrow definitions of mechanical asphyxia have occurred in Azmak's 2006 literature review of asphyxial deaths and Oehmichen and Auer's 2005 book on forensic neuropathology. According to DiMaio and DiMaio, mechanical asphyxia encompasses positional asphyxia, traumatic asphyxia, and "human pile" deaths.
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It has been estimated that US adolescents spend $140 billion a year. Of that, children under 12 years spend another $25 billion and may have the potential to influence another $200 billion of spending per year. Although there are limited studies on food advertisement on actual food intake, a literature review concluded that children exposed to advertising will choose advertised food products, attempt to influence food purchases their parents buy, and request for specific brands, all at higher rates compared to children not exposed.
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He bombarded French and Italian artists and writers with letters, and soon emerged as the Dada leader and master strategist. The Cabaret Voltaire re-opened, and is still in the same place at the Spiegelgasse 1 in the Niederdorf. Zürich Dada, with Tzara at the helm, published the art and literature review Dada beginning in July 1917, with five editions from Zürich and the final two from Paris. Other artists, such as André Breton and Philippe Soupault, created "literature groups to help extend the influence of Dada".
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During the last two decades, governments around the world have invested in ICT with the aim of increasing the quality and decreasing the cost of public services. But over that time, as even the least developed countries have moved to websites, e-services and e-Government strategies, it has become increasingly clear that e-Government has not delivered all the benefits that were hoped for it.‘The failure of e-government in developing countries: a literature review’. The Electronic Journal on Information System in Developing Countries.
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In Arizona, 65.3% of sora use was in southern cattail (Typha domingensis), although it comprised only 16.5% of the vegetation. Bulrushes and a mixed-shrub community were also used more than their availability, while saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) and arrowweed (Pluchea sericea) were avoided. A literature review notes sora avoidance of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)-dominated sites. In east and central Maine, wetlands used by soras had significantly (p=0.05) more ericaceous vegetation, such as leatherleaves (Chamaedaphne spp.), sweetgales (Myrica spp.), and laurels (Kalmia spp.).
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The public health community, interested in reducing rising obesity rates, has used TRA to study people's exercise behavior. A 1981 study by Bentler and Speckart revealed that intent to exercise was determined by a person's attitude toward exercise, as predicted by TRA. In a broader literature review on the study of exercise using TRA and TPB, it was determined that behavioral intent to exercise is better framed by TRA than TPB because perceived behavioral control did not have a significant effect on the intent to exercise.
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Most of the Agelenidae are very fast runners, especially on their webs. With speeds clocked at , the giant house spider held the Guinness Book of World Records title for top spider speed until 1987. A recent literature review found peer-reviewed accounts of several agelenid species achieving speeds in this range, though some other taxa have achieved higher speeds. Agelenids build a flat sheet of nonsticky web with a funnel-shaped retreat to one side or occasionally in the middle, depending on the situation and species.
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Facial femoral syndrome is a rare congenital disorder.Luisin M, Chevreau J, Klein C, Naepels P, Demeer B, Mathieu-Dramard M, Jedraszak G, Gondry-Jouet C, Gondry J, Dieux-Coeslier A, Morin G (2017) Prenatal diagnosis of femoral facial syndrome: Three case reports and literature review. Am J Med Genet A It is also known as femoral dysgenesis, bilateral femoral dysgenesis, bilateral-Robin anomaly and femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome. The main features of this disorder are underdeveloped thigh bones (femurs) and unusual facial features.
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However, an October 2010 letter from the Director of the government agency tasked to study health effects at Superfund sites, such as Camp Lejeune, illustrated the limitations of the 2009 literature review and advised that there "was undoubtedly a hazard associated with drinking the contaminated water at Camp Lejeune".October 22, 2010 letter from Dr. Poitier, ATSDR to Donald Schregardus, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy In 1980 the base began testing the water for trihalomethanes in response to new regulations from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
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Also, it is the only current journal listed by the University of Chicago's Defining Wisdom project in their Wisdom Literature Review. It is one of only two journals cited by the International Association of Paremiology on their website. Proverbium is indexed by the MLA International Bibliography, RILM Abstracts of Music International, and Russian Academy of Sciences Bibliographies. Julia Sevilla Muñoz, editor of the journal Paremia, has described it saying, "Proverbium est devenu premier point de recontre et d'échange scientifique pour les vrais spécialistes en parémies."p. 10.
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Heppermann's first book, City Chickens, is the true story of Chicken Run Rescue, a shelter for abandoned and unwanted fowl located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Heppermann's second book, Poisoned Apples: Poems for You, My Pretty, is a collection of poetry for young adults. The book was well received, getting five starred reviews from children's literature review publications and appearing on many "best books of 2014" lists including Publishers Weekly and The Boston Globe. Poisoned Apples was also runner-up for the Goodreads Choice 2014 Best Poetry Award.
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TRL produced a further report in 2003 'Monitoring of the M4 bus lane: 2000 to 2002'. A 2005 literature review of research into high-occupancy lanes produced for the Highways Agency reported that the lane was used about 3700 vehicles a day (3100 taxis, 500 buses or coaches and 100 minibuses) and that there was an overall benefit was 200 person-hours per weekday and a dis-benefit of 350 person-hours per weekend day; the dis-benefit being the result of the reduced speed-limit.
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The causes of developmental disabilities are varied and remain unknown in a large proportion of cases. Even in cases of known etiology the line between "cause" and "effect" is not always clear, leading to difficulty in categorizing causes.Improving health outcomes for children and youth with developmental disabilities, A literature review/Surrey Place Services 2013 Genetic factors have long been implicated in the causation of developmental disabilities. There is also a large environmental component to these conditions, and the relative contributions of nature versus nurture have been debated for decades.
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Underfloor heating can have a positive effect on the quality of indoor air by facilitating the choice of otherwise perceived cold flooring materials such as tile, slate, terrazzo, and concrete. These masonry surfaces typically have very low VOC emissions (volatile organic compounds) in comparison to other flooring options. In conjunction with moisture control, floor heating also establishes temperature conditions that are less favorable in supporting mold, bacteria, viruses and dust mites.Boerstra A., Op ´t Veld P., Eijdems H. (2000), The health, safety and comfort advantages of low-temperature heating systems: a literature review.
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Forest Destruction and Sustainable Agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon: a Literature Review (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Reading, 2000). Dissertation Abstracts International, 15-17 Soils in the Amazon are productive for only a very short period of time after the land is cleared, so farmers there must constantly move and clear more and more land. Amazonian colonization was dominated by cattle raising, not only because grass did grow in the poor soil, but also because ranching required little labor, generated decent profit, and awarded social status. However, farming led to extensive deforestation and environmental damage.
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This section provides an insight into both practical development and the types of business strategies being pursued. The researchers of the literature review into shared value found no single framework for shared value or inclusive business models. They found Davis commenting in 2012Davis, P. (2012) Let Business do Business: The Role of the Corporate Sector in International development. ODI Background Note, July 2012 about how the corporate sector is highly non-uniform and Caroline Ashley's 2009 paper, “Harnessing core business for development impact”Ashley, C. (2009a) Harnessing core business for development impact.
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Other research indicates that boys who have been abused in childhood by a family member are more prone to IPV perpetration, while girls who have been abused in childhood by a family member are prone to lack empathy and self-efficacy; but the risks for the likelihood of IPV perpetration and victimization among adolescents vary and are not well-understood. Hamby's 2018 literature review of 33 studies, using a scale that rules out the false positives of horseplay and joking, indicates that males report perpetrating significantly more violence than females.
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In 2016 research into the archives of theSugar Association, the trade association for the sugar industry in the US, had sponsored an influential literature review published in 1965 in the New England Journal of Medicine that downplayed early findings about the role of a diet heavy in sugar in the development of CAD and emphasized the role of fat; that review influenced decades of research funding and guidance on healthy eating.O'Connor, Anahad, "How the Sugar Industry Shifted Blame to Fat" , The New York Times, 12 September 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
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"Culminating" is a two-year-long research project with two phases, repeated twice over the CGS career. The first phase is the research phase (freshman and junior years). This requires that the researcher finds sources, evaluates them, and arranges them in a final literature review. The second phase is the product phase (sophomore and senior years), where the researcher integrates the knowledge they learned from their research the previous year to create a project that solves a current problem or displays the depth of their research in full.
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Ray Pawson is Professor of Social Research Methodology in the School of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Leeds.University of Leeds, Professor Pawson's home page Pawson's main interest lies in research methodology. He has written widely on the philosophy and practice of research, covering methods qualitative and quantitative, pure and applied, contemporaneous and historical. He is the author of 'Realist Synthesis', a new approach of literature review that, in the last years, has widely influenced systematic review practices of complex programmes and policies all over the world.
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An accurate estimate of the gender ratio of victims and perpetrators is difficult to establish because many acid attacks are not reported or recorded by authorities. According to a 2010 study in The Lancet, there are "no reliable statistics" on the prevalence of acid attacks in Pakistan. A 2007 literature review analyzed 24 studies in 13 countries over the past 40 years, covering 771 cases. According to the London-based charity Acid Survivors Trust International, 80% of acid attacks are on women, and acid assaults are grossly under-estimated.
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Although ever increasing investments are made in dark rides, empirical research in this area is relatively scarce. Based on a systematic literature review, a team of researchers from the University of Liechtenstein developed a model that illustrates the underlying effect mechanism that attendees of Dark Rides experience. The model suggests that “Storytelling” in Dark Rides influences an attendee’s “emotional attachment” to the ride through the mediator of “Immersion”. It is assumed that a person’s prior knowledge about the ride’s story and a person’s cultural background have moderating effects on the relationship between “storytelling” and “immersion”.
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Deep Sea Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal of deep sea research was established in 1953 by Pergamon Press. In 1962, it renamed itself Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, and returned to the Deep Sea Research title in 1977. In 1978, it split into two journals Deep Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers and Deep Sea Research Part B: Oceanographic Literature Review. In 1993, Part A split into Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers and Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, while Part B was discontinued.
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Due to the heterogeneous nature of these aggregates, experimental methods such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have had difficulty characterizing their structures. Moreover, atomic simulations of Aβ aggregation are highly demanding computationally due to their size and complexity. Preventing Aβ aggregation is a promising method to developing therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease, according to Naeem and Fazili in a literature review article. In 2008, Folding@home simulated the dynamics of Aβ aggregation in atomic detail over timescales of the order of tens of seconds.
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To reach Australia through the Malay Archipelago even at the lowest sea level of the Last Glacial Maximum, a journey of at least 50 km over open sea between ancient Sunda and Sahul was necessary, indicating that the dingo arrived by boat. In 2016, a literature review found that: In 2020, the first whole genome analysis of the dingo and the New Guinea singing dog was undertaken. The study indicates that the ancestors of these two dogs arose in southern East Asia, migrated through Island Southeast Asia 9,900 YBP, and reached Australia 8,300 YBP.
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This condition has been associated with mutations in the Fibrillin 1 (FBN1) gene.Wang T, Yang Y, Dong Q, Zhu H, Liu Y (2020) Acromicric dysplasia with stiff skin syndrome-like severe cutaneous presentation in an 8-year-old boy with a missense FBN1 mutation: Case report and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med Mutations in this gene have also been associated with stiff skin syndrome, Marfan syndrome and its variant Marfanoid–progeroid–lipodystrophy syndrome, autosomal dominant Weill-Marchesani syndrome, isolated ectopia lentis, MASS phenotype, and Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome.
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On the other hand, a 2010 literature review concluded that ECT had minimal benefits for people with depression and schizophrenia. The most common side effects include headache, muscle soreness, confusion, and temporary loss of recent memory. There is strong evidences that ECT causes structural brain damages, observable on MRI, although it is not clear whether these changes reflect a recovery from depression.Jennifer S. Perrin and all (2012) Electroconvulsive therapy reduces frontal cortical connectivity in severe depressive disorder Before these advanced brain imaging techniques, some researchers said that ECT does not cause physical damage.
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Land-use planning and development control serve as measurable tools for LED. The assignment of property rights in land and third party enforcement are essential for the efficient operation of markets. Public intervention ensures the separation of incompatible land-uses, integrated planning and development of synergistic land uses, and the 'public goods' aspect of necessary public facilities, open space and infrastructure investment (Lai, 1994, 78-80).LAI WAI CHUNG, L. (1994), 'The eco- nomics of zoning: a literature review and analysis of the work of Coase', Town Planning Review, 65, 77-98.
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The March 2019 issue of the journal Vaccine published an article titled "PhD thesis opposing immunisation: Failure of academic rigour with real-world consequences" that stated in its conclusion that Wilyman's "thesis is notable for its lack of evidence of systematic literature review. Despite its extensive claims, there is no primary research, but there is abundant evidence of strong bias in selecting the literature cited and sometimes outright misrepresentation of facts." The authors also criticised Wilyman's use of her PhD to position herself as an expert witness in a family law court case over immunisation.
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The Alabama shad spawns in medium to large flowing rivers from the Mississippi River drainage to the Suwannee River, Florida. They are found in some Gulf coast drainages, but are thought to be extirpated from those drainages west of the Pascagoula River drainage in Mississippi.Adams, S.B., S.T. Ross, and M.L. Warren Jr. 2000. Literature review, information needs assessment, and research proposal for Gulf sturgeon, Alabama shad and American eel: diadromous fishes of USFS Region 8. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Oxford, MS.Mettee, M.F., and P.E. O’Neil. 2003.
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The European Food Safety Authority released a statement in July 2019 which concluded that the approval criteria for chlorpyrifos which apply to human health are not met. Their literature review concluded that there is no evidence for reproductive toxicity in rats, but that chlorpyrifos is potentially genotoxic. The report stated that chlorpyrifos is clearly a potent Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, that it can be absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and through the skin, and that epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that it is a human developmental neurotoxin that can cause early cognitive and behavioral deficits through prenatal exposure.
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Monographiae Biologicae () is a scholarly scientific literature review series, consisting of monographs published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, an imprint of Springer Science+Business Media. The series subject area generally covers ecology, zoology, and biology. More specifically, the book series covers the biogeography of continental areas, including whole continents; differentiated stand-alone ecosystems such as islands, island groups, mountains or mountain chains; aquatic or marine ecosystems such as coastal systems, mangroves, coral reefs, and other related ecosystems. Fresh water environments are also included in this series such as major river basins, lakes, and groups of lakes.
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Robert Cervero, Chris Ferrell and Steven Murphy (2002). Transit-Oriented Development and Joint Development in the United States: A Literature Review, Research Results Digest Number 52, Transit Cooperative Research Program. A TOD typically includes a central transit stop (such as a train station, or light rail or bus stop) surrounded by a high-density mixed-use area, with lower-density areas spreading out from this center. A TOD is also typically designed to be more walkable than other built-up areas, through using smaller block sizes and reducing the land area dedicated to automobiles.
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Irritable male syndrome has been documented in Soay rams. Irritable male syndrome (IMS) is an annual behavior pattern that has been described in Soay sheep and other mammals with a strictly seasonal breeding pattern and described in a 2002 literature review of animal behavior by Lincoln A. Gerald. IMS is a striking feature in mammals with seasonal breeding patterns; it manifests at the end of the mating season. Soay sheep mate for five weeks during November and December each year, and give birth five months later in the spring.
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Cannabis sativa from Vienna Dioscurides, 512 AD A 2013 literature review by Gordon and colleagues concluded that inhaled cannabis is associated with lung disease, although Tashkin's 2013 review has found "no clear link to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Of the various methods of cannabis consumption, smoking is considered the most harmful; the inhalation of smoke from organic materials can cause various health problems (e.g., coughing and sputum). Isoprenes help to modulate and slow down reaction rates, contributing to the significantly differing qualities of partial combustion products from various sources.
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A traditional Fijian yaqona bundle of roots Over centuries, kava has been used in the traditional medicine of the South Pacific Islands for central nervous system and peripheral effects. As noted in one literature review: "Peripherally, kava is indicated in traditional Pacific medicine for urogenital conditions (gonorrhea infections, chronic cystitis, difficulty urinating), reproductive and women's health (...), gastrointestinal upsets, respiratory ailments (asthma, coughs, and tuberculosis), skin diseases and topical wounds, and as an analgesic, with significant subtlety and nuance attending the precise strain, plant component (leaf, stem, root) and preparative method to be used".
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A systematic literature review of 65 studies found that mass deworming of soil-transmitted helminths has little to no effect on children's weight, height, school attendance, cognition measured by short‐term attention, or mortality. Proponents of mass deworming argue that the methodology of studies that discount the value of mass deworming is biased, sample sizes have been small, and many studies did not evaluate more subtle long-term impacts. As a result, they argue that such studies should not be used alone in deciding mass deworming policy. Some non-governmental organizations specifically support mass deworming.
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A 2018 literature review of 77 medical articles found gender bias in the patient- provider encounter as it related to pain. Their findings confirmed a pattern of expectations and treatment differences between men and women, "not embedded in biological differences but gendered norms." For example, women with pain were viewed as "hysterical, emotional, complaining, not wanting to get better, malingerers, and fabricating the pain, as if it is all in her head." Women suffering with chronic pain are often erroneously attributed psychological rather than somatic causes for their pain by physicians.
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Cleavage at the CFCS separates the mature protein from the EHP, allowing it to incorporate into nascent ZP filaments. A variation in the last exon of this gene has previously served as the basis for an additional ZP3 locus; however, sequence and literature review reveals that there is only one full-length ZP3 locus in the human genome. Another locus encoding a bipartite transcript designated POMZP3 contains a duplication of the last four exons of ZP3, including the above described variation, and maps closely to this gene. Orthologs of these genes are found throughout Vertebrata.
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In 1929, he worked as a teacher at Deir ez-Zor high school in Syria, and started writing in Al Risala and Al Muktataf magazines. In 1939, he moved to Aleppo at the request of Saadallah al-Jabiri (later to become Prime Minister of Syria in 1943). He taught in Aleppo high schools until his retirement in 1966. Hindawi is considered by the Syrian Ministry of Education to be the first teacher who knew the value of the text and was interested in analyzing it and offering insights into the form of a literature review.
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In 2010, Read and Richard Bentall co-authored a literature review on "The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy" (ECT). It examined placebo-controlled studies and concluded ECT had minimal benefits for people with depression and schizophrenia. The authors said "given the strong evidence of persistent and, for some, permanent brain dysfunction, primarily evidenced in the form of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and the evidence of a slight but significant increased risk of death, the cost-benefit analysis for ECT is so poor that its use cannot be scientifically justified".
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"Flexibility: Beyond the Buzzword – Practical Findings from a Systematic Literature Review." Health Environments Research and Design Journal 4.4 (Summer 2011): 89–108. Print. The ability of a building's structural system to accommodate projected climate changes and whether “non-structural [behavioral] adaptations might have a great enough effect to offset any errors from… …an erroneous choice of climate change projection.” The essence of the discussion is whether adjustments in the occupant's behavior can future-proof the building against errors in judgment in estimates of the impacts of global climate change.
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The finding that excessive tanning can lead to dependence is based upon "the observations of many dermatologists." Dermatologists tell researchers that although they advise their patients not to visit tanning beds because of the risk of melanoma, patients still do. In a 2014 literature review, researchers wrote that many people who tan excessively meet psychiatry's symptom criteria for substance abuse. In a case where ten studies provided data for the assessment of melanoma risk among subjects who reported “ever” being exposed compared with those “never” exposed; a positive association was found between exposure and risk.
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Most existing and new housing, even in the wealthiest nations, lack basic accessibility features unless the designated, immediate occupant of a home currently has a disability. However, there are some initiatives to change typical residential practices so that new homes incorporate basic access features such as zero-step entries and door widths adequate for wheelchairs to pass through. Occupational Therapists are a professional group skilled in the assessment and making of recommendations to improve access to homes.Occupational therapy research on assistive technology and physical environmental issues: A literature review, Fange et al.
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Junior Research is an introduction to the research process; it gives students experience in designing individual projects, running elementary statistical analysis, project research, and scientific writing. Students use these skills to design their own project; they report their results in paper, scientific poster, and online formats. During the fall semester, students select their research categories and conduct a thorough literature review as they narrow their ideas down to a specific topic, research question, and hypothesis. Once they have a clear research question, they design their studies and submit them for approval.
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They may still allow the presentation of the writer's own views, but this is done in a logical and factual manner, with the use of the first person often discouraged. Longer academic essays (often with a word limit of between 2,000 and 5,000 words) are often more discursive. They sometimes begin with a short summary analysis of what has previously been written on a topic, which is often called a literature review. Longer essays may also contain an introductory page that defines words and phrases of the essay's topic.
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There are only few rigorous evaluations of microcredit,The title quotes from Jonathan Morduch's comments made at Innovations for Poverty Action/Financial Access Initiative(IPA/FAI) Microfinance Conference, Oct. 17, 2008. and much of the literature on the impact of microcredit is based in anecdotal reports or case studies that are not representative. Even among the rigorous evaluations many "suffer from weak methodologies and inadequate data", according to a systematic literature review of the impact of microcredit conducted in 2011 by a group of researchers on behalf of UKAid.
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Methodological upgrading of postponement.Van Hoek, R.I. (2001), “The rediscovery of postponement a literature review and directions for research”, Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp. 161-84. In the first challenge, he criticised Bucklin’s and Zinn’s postponement theories as they lacked postponement application throughout the whole supply chain, since they only linked their theories to one of its levels (upstream – sourcing & components, midstream - manufacturing, downstream - distribution). Professor Van Hoek states that “Specific study should be undertaken to assess what extent postponement is applied at various positions in the supply chain”.
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Studia i Materiały (Holocaust Studies and Materials) journal was more critical. Libionka noted that Zimmerman's literature review on the subject matter was lacking, particularly for engaging with the extensive body of Polish literature on the subject and using content from Polish archives. He concluded that the book is disappointing for experts but may be valuable for newcomers to the field, particularly those who cannot read Polish, as the subject matter discussed in the book had been inadequately discussed in English literature. The review provoked an exchange of letters in that journal between Zimmerman and Libionka.
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Pragmatism allows for the integration of qualitative and quantitative methods as loosely coupled systems to support mixed methods research (Florczak, 2014). On the one hand, quantitative research is characterized by randomized controlled trials, research questions inspired by literature review gap, generalizability, validity, and reliability. On the other, qualitative research is characterized by socially constructed realities and lived experiences. Pragmatism reconciles these differences an integrates quantitative and qualitative research as loosely coupled systems, where “open systems interact with each other at the point of their boundaries” (Florczak, 2014, p. 281).
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During the 2006 and 2008 electoral campaigns, Wulsin's participation in a 2004 study for Cincinnati's Heimlich Institute was criticized by her opponents. Henry Heimlich had directed a three-year study in China, ending in 1996, that evaluated the use of malaria infection in fighting AIDS. In 2008 ABC News, in discussing Wulsin, noted that this theory had been debunked. In 2004, Wulsin was hired as an epidemiologist by the Heimlich Institute to conduct a four- month literature review on "malariotherapy", the AIDS treatment based on infecting HIV+ patients with malaria.
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He also wrote more than 20 books about his own life or literature and film, including monographs about Max Frisch, Bertolt Brecht and his close friend Billy Wilder. Other projects included three plays under the nom de plume Daniel Doppler and a translation of Raymond Chandler's The Lady in the Lake. In 1999, he was a member of the jury at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival. Karasek was best known as one of the permanent members of the TV-literature review show ', together with literary critic Marcel Reich-Ranicki, between 1988 and 2001.
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The introductory or summary chapters of a thesis by published works should be written independently by the student. They should include an extensive annotated bibliography or literature review, placing the scope and results of the articles in the wider context of current state of the international research. They constitute a comprehensive summary of the appended papers, and should clarify the contribution of the doctoral student if the papers are written by several authors. They should not provide new results, but may provide synthesis of new conclusions by combining results from several of the papers.
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Six families did not link to either locus, indicating genetic heterogeneity. Among a larger group of 33 families, including the 18 consanguineous families, molecular analysis identified 11 novel mutations in the FRAS1 gene in 10 families and 1 mutation in the FREM2 gene (608945.0003) in 1 family. A literature review of genotype/phenotype correlations suggested that patients with FRAS1 mutations have more frequent skull ossification defects and a low insertion of the umbilical cord compared to patients without a FRAS1 mutation, but the findings were not statistically significant.
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In an article from the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Stephens et al. observe that the institution of higher education in the United States of America is popularly viewed as an environment of equal opportunity regardless of social class background and a means for social mobility. Indeed, a 2002 report by Connie Ayala and Al Striplen cited in the TGSLC literature review asserts that first-generation college students are involved in a "deliberate attempt" to achieve upward social, economic, or occupational mobility. However, research by Jean Phinney et al.
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Elyse Guttenberg was born in New York City and grew up in Astoria, and Rochdale Village in Queens. In 1972, she followed her two brothers, Richard and David Guttenberg north to attend the University of Alaska Fairbanks where she received a bachelor's degree in Anthropology (1977) and a MAT in English (1979). At UAF Guttenberg was one of the founding editors of Permafrost, the nation's farthest north literary journal. Guttenberg served for many years as a member of the Alaska State Council on the Arts Literature Review Panel, and the Fairbanks North Star Borough Library Commission.
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In a different line of work, Gibbons and Langton conducted a two-year project to validate one of the claims of the architectural theory: the claim that for every functional design layer there are numerous theories from the literature of related design fields capable of informing design within that layer specifically. The control layer was selected for study, the layer within which the designer determines the kinds of expressive controls the learner will be given. An extensive literature review revealed a number of such theories that could improve the design of an interactive instructional control system.Gibbons, A. S. & Langton, M. B. (2016).
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Lovejoy finds in her research—which compares the perceptions of body image and eating disorders in black and white women through a literature review—that the strategies (e.g., resistance to mainstream beauty ideals) that black women use to challenge mainstream depictions of female bodies and develop positive self-valuations are often strengthened through support from other black women. These same types of supportive communities were not replicated in the same way for white women in the literature. Lovejoy argues that this difference in support can influence the way black and white women are affected by damaging ideals of body image and beauty.
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A review published in 2004, which was based on 35 patients seen by the respective authors over 8 years and also a literature review of 220 cases of acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL), proposed an essential diagnostic criterion. Based on the review and the authors experience, they proposed that APL presents as a gradual onset of bilaterally symmetrical loss of subcutaneous fat from the face, neck, upper extremities, thorax, and abdomen, in the "cephalocaudal" sequence, sparing the lower extremities. The median age of the onset of lipodystrophy was seven years. Several autoimmune diseases, in particular systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis, were associated with APL.
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Exposure to THC can cause acute transient psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals and people with schizophrenia. A 2007 meta analysis concluded that cannabis use reduced the average age of onset of psychosis by 2.7 years relative to non-cannabis use. A 2005 meta analysis concluded that adolescent use of cannabis increases the risk of psychosis, and that the risk is dose-related. A 2004 literature review on the subject concluded that cannabis use is associated with a two- fold increase in the risk of psychosis, but that cannabis use is "neither necessary nor sufficient" to cause psychosis.
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She wrote for various LGBT publications, including Hazman Havarod ("Pink Times", 1997–2007), in which she wrote a literature and culture review column; Pandora (published by Klaf, 2002–2006); Hakeshet ("The Rainbow", 2003–2004); Ha'ir Bevarod ("The City in Pink", 2009–2010); and the online LGBT magazine, Go-Gay (2007–2011), for which she wrote a personal column on her life in Santa Cruz, California, and the struggle for same-sex marriage. Peleg had an LGBT literature review radio spot called "Proud to Present" on Radius Radio, and wrote regularly for other online venues, such as Ha'oketz and Erev Rav.
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Taken together, the mobility of foreign investment and lack of economic incentive for environmental protection means that ecotourism companies are disposed to establishing themselves in new sites once their existing one is sufficiently degraded. In addition, the systematic literature review conducted by Cabral and Dhar (2019) have identified several challenges due to slow progression of ecotourism initiatives such as (a) economic leakages, (b) lack of government involvement, (c) skill deficiency among the local communities, (d) absence of disseminating environmental education, (e) sporadic increase in pollution, (f) conflict between tourism management personnel and local communities and (g) inadequate infrastructure development.
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The study concluded that most of the perpetrators were male. Men who murder their entire families usually do so because they believe their spouse did a wrongdoing and that the spouse needs to be punished, they feel that the family members caused a disappointment, they feel that their own financial failings ruined the point of having a family, and because they wish to save their family from a perceived threat. Far fewer women commit familicide, and those who do usually have different reasons. A literature review done in 2018 noted contextual and offense characteristics of familicide.
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Kelly has written numerous papers and articles relating to violence against women and children, and has been a guest editor on the journal Child Abuse Review. Her review of why so many alleged rapists go unprosecuted and unconvicted, which she conducted for the Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate, stated, "that at each stage of the legal process, stereotypes and prejudices play a part in decision-making". Literature review. Pdf. In her book "The Hidden Gender of Law", Kelly argues "there is no clear distinction between consensual sex and rape, but a continuum of pressure, threat, coercion and force".
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A 2005 meta-analysis of schizophrenia revealed that the prevalence of physical and sexual abuse in the histories of people diagnosed with psychotic disorders is very high and has been understudied. This literature review revealed prevalence rates of childhood sexual abuse in studies of people diagnosed with schizophrenia ranging from 45% to 65%. An analysis of the American National Comorbidity Study revealed that people who have endured three kinds of abuse (e.g., sexual, physical, bullying) are at an 18-fold higher risk of psychosis, whereas those experiencing five types are 193 times more likely to become psychotic.
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The cause of these IBS-like symptoms is unclear, but it has been suggested that changes in the gut-brain axis, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and the gut flora may be partially responsible. While patients of IBD do have an increased risk of colorectal cancer, this is usually caught much earlier than the general population in routine surveillance of the colon by colonoscopy, and therefore patients are much more likely to survive. New evidence suggests that patients with IBD may have an elevated risk of endothelial dysfunction and coronary artery disease. A recent literature review by Gandhi et al.
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Extensive literature review confirms that the best epidemiologic studies of condom effectiveness address HIV infection. Numerous studies of discordant couples (where only one partner is infected) have shown consistent use of latex condoms to be highly effective for preventing sexually acquired HIV infection. Similarly, studies have shown that condom use reduces the risk of other STDs. However, the overall strength of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of condoms in reducing the risk of other STDs is not at the level of that for HIV, primarily because fewer methodologically sound and well-designed studies have been completed that address other STDs.
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This increased decision- making power is matched with a more egalitarian relationship with their husband and an increased sense of self-worth and self-confidence. Income is another strong predictor influencing skilled care use, in particular, the ability to pay for delivery at modern facilities.Gabrysch & Campbell, 2009, Still too far to walk: Literature review of the determinants of delivery service use Women living in households unable to pay for the costs of transportation, medications, and provider fees were significantly less likely to pursue delivery services at skilled facilities. The impact of income level also influences other sociocultural determinants.
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Fraser has been described as a writer "who tries to keep one foot planted in, and the other well outside, academe".The Royal Society of Literature Review 2008, p. 62. Yale's Harold Bloom has noted his powers of comparative analysis,Harold Bloom's Modern Critical Views: Marcel Proust (Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2004), vii. and Harvard's Biodun Jeyfo has commended the "superb work" of "this meticulous scholar-critic".Biodun Jeyfo, Wole Soyinka: Politics, Poetics, Postcolonialism (Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 224–7. The classicist Roger Just has also drawn attention to his “care, precision, good sense and…admirable lightness of touch.”.
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The IMRAD structure has proved successful because it facilitates literature review, allowing readers to navigate articles more quickly to locate material relevant to their purpose. But the neat order of IMRAD rarely corresponds to the actual sequence of events or ideas of the research presented; the IMRAD structure effectively supports a reordering that eliminates unnecessary detail, and allows the reader to assess a well-ordered and noise-free presentation of the relevant and significant information. It allows the most relevant information to be presented clearly and logically to the readership, by summarizing the research process in an ideal sequence and without unnecessary detail.
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It is best known for Swahili entertainment content especially 'Dondoo za Hapa na Pale', 'Wazo Bonzo' and 'Shangazi' which are tools of emotional relief especially the laughter that comes from funny love stories. It is known for spearheading the learning of Swahili language in both primary and secondary schools through evaluation tests published on the paper and Insha competitions. In recent years, it has been known for its bold political splashes that question Kenya's tolerance of corruption and poor governance. Many Swahili scholars use Taifa Leo as a tool for the literature review in Swahili language development.
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Staff, FDA. January 2010; Updated March 2013. Bisphenol A (BPA): Use in Food Contact Application Accessed 7 May 2013Staff, FDA, DRAFT version 14 August 2008 Draft Assessment of Bisphenol A for Use in Food Contact Applications Accessed 7 May 2013 A 2007 literature review concluded that BPA, like other chemicals that mimic estrogen (xenoestrogens), should be considered as a player within the nervous system that can regulate or alter its functions through multiple pathways. A 2008 review of animal research found that low- dose BPA maternal exposure can cause long-term consequences for the neurobehavioral development in mice.
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Studies on immigrant health care more commonly focus on accessibility, compared to quality. Collected data indicates lower levels of heart disease, arthritis, depression, hypertension, asthma, and cancer among immigrants than U.S.-born citizens. Speculation behind this phenomenon looks towards the fact that the immigrant population is generally younger than the native-born population as a whole; others believe that these medical conditions simply have not yet been detected given immigrants' lower rates of health coverage. A literature review by Kathryn Derose, Jose Escarce, and Nicole Lurie indicates that immigrant health outcomes appear to worsen as levels of acculturation increase.
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Rojas, 9 One's techno-disposition, not simply one's access to technology, she argues, is at the root of any digital divide.Rojas, Viviana "Communities, Cultural Capital and the Digital Divide" As we move into the second decade of the 21st century, others are calling into question Prensky's Digital/Immigrant dichotomy on different grounds. recently conducted a literature review for the UK Higher Education Academy which found that there was no empirical evidence of a single new generation of young students. They argued that complex changes were taking place but there was no evidence of a generation gap.
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Building upon the insights gleaned from the literature review, an advance directive document created, tested in a study involving nearly 1,000 participants, and then comparison tested against other popular advance directive forms. The results indicated greater patient/proxy decision-making accuracy, and superior comprehensive content as compared with other documents tested. The primary criticism has been that it is very lengthy and tedious to complete. While some commentators suggest that any recording of one's wishes is problematic, the preponderance of experts recommend the completion of an advance directive document – especially one that includes both a living will and a proxy designation.
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Boghuma Kabisen Titanji, clinically trained in Cameroon, received her MSc and DTM&H; in Tropical Medicine and International Health from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in 2010The Use of Benznidazole in Treating Chagas' Disease at the Non-vector Transmitted Region : A Literature Review and Study Design (2010). Web. and a PhD in Infectious Diseases studying HIV-1 cell-to-cell spread and Antiretroviral therapy drug resistance from University College London in 2014. Titanji's work focuses on the mechanisms of HIV transmission and antiretroviral drug resistance. In May 2012, she gave a TED Talk on the ethics of medical research in Africa.
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In DSM-V, la belle indifférence was removed as a diagnostic criteria. Another feature thought to be important was that symptoms tended to be more severe on the non-dominant (usually left) side of the body. There have been a number of theories about this, such as the relative involvement of cerebral hemispheres in emotional processing, or more simply, that it was "easier" to live with a functional deficit on the non-dominant side. However, a literature review of 121 studies established that this was not true, with publication bias the most likely explanation for this commonly held view.
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There is no federal statutory law concerning the issuance of concealed-carry permits. All 50 states have passed laws allowing qualified individuals to carry certain concealed firearms in public, either without a permit or after obtaining a permit from a designated government authority at the state and/or local level; however, there are still many states that, though they have passed concealed carry permit laws, do not issue permits or make it extremely difficult to obtain one. A comprehensive 2004 literature review by the National Academy of Sciences concluded that there was no evidence that concealed carry either increases or reduces violent crime.
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Harper, Kimball T.; Wagstaff, Fred J.; Kunzler, Lynn M. (1985). Biology management of the Gambel oak vegetative type: a literature review. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-179. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station In the Southwest, the southernmost populations of snowshoe hares occur in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico, in subalpine scrub: narrow bands of shrubby and prostrate conifers at and just below timberline that are usually composed of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata), limber pine (P. flexilis), and/or common juniper (Juniperus communis).
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2018 studies conducted in Brazil and Spain found significant lasting improvements in pain and quality of life among musculoskeletal pain and cancer patients. A 2018 literature review found that research on Breathworks MBPM courses has shown them "to be very helpful for people with severe chronic pain and illness", while also noting that further randomized controlled trials were needed. In addition to research indicating the effectiveness of MBPM as delivered through the Breathworks Mindfulness for Health course, the effectiveness of MBPM as delivered through the Breathworks Mindfulness for Stress course and online Breathworks courses has also been supported by a number of studies.
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In 2019, a literature review of the previous studies was undertaken by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The position of the National Academies is that the historical red wolf forms a valid taxonomic species, the modern red wolf is distinct from wolves and coyotes, and modern red wolves trace some of their ancestry to historic red wolves. The species Canis rufus is supported for the modern red wolf, unless genomic evidence from historical red wolf specimens changes this assessment, due to a lack of continuity between the historic and the modern red wolves.
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Van G. Garrett is an American poet, novelist, teacher, and photographer. Garrett's poetry has appeared in a number of well-known American literary journals, including: African American Review; The Amistad; ChickenBones; Drumvoices Revue;Drumvoices Revue (Southern Illinois University Edwardsville) Obsidian III; phati’tude Literary Magazine; Pittsburgh Quarterly; Potomac Review; and StepAway Magazine. His works have also been published internationally, including in: Istanbul Literature Review (Turkey); One Ghana, One Voice; Poems Niederngasse (Switzerland); and White Chimney (UK). Garrett often writes poetry with haiku or kwansabaA kwansaba is an African-American praise poem, with 7 words in 7 lines and no word exceeding 7 letters. structures.
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A summary of these publications was published in English in 2009 in "A Literature Review of the Practical Application of Bacteriophage Research". There is an extensive library and research center at the George Eliava Institute in Tbilisi, Georgia. Phage therapy is today a widespread form of treatment in that region.Kuchment, Anna (2011); Häusler, Thomas (2006) As a result of the development of antibiotic resistance since the 1950s and an advancement of scientific knowledge, there has been renewed interest worldwide in the ability of phage therapy to eradicate bacterial infections and chronic polymicrobial biofilm (including in industrial situations).
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These reports provided a comprehensive literature review supporting the direct contribution of each domain to wellbeing. They also recommended indicators to be considered for inclusion in the composite index of the domain and eventually the composite index that would define the CIW. In 2011, coincident with the finalisation of the last of the eight domain reports, the CIW project moved from the ACF to the University of Waterloo. The project is housed in the Faculty of Applied Health Sciences where the research, community outreach, and knowledge transfer activities supported by the CIW can be further developed.
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PharmGKB pathways are evidence-based diagrams detailing the pharmacokinetics (PK) or pharmacodynamics (PD) of a PGx-relevant drug, accompanied by text providing background on the drug and a discussion of its PK, PD and PGx. Pathways are typically published in the journal Pharmacogenetics and Genomics. Pathways are manually created after an extensive literature review, and the connections on the pathway diagrams are supported by literature citations; these supporting citations can be viewed in the online versions of the pathways. Additionally, the information contained within each pathway diagram is available for download in TSV, BioPAX and GPML formats.
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The International Journal of Management Reviews is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal, established by Cary Cooper in 1999, and published by Wiley- Blackwell on behalf of the British Academy of Management.British Academy of Management Website Accessed 21 February 2011 The journal covers all main fields of management studies: from entrepreneurship and organizational behaviour to strategic management and finance. Each issue contains between five and six literature review articles, which examine the relevant literature published on a specific aspect of a management sub-discipline. The current editors are Caroline Gatrell (Liverpool Management School, University of Liverpool) and Dermot Breslin (University of Sheffield).
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Due to his participation, Graça Aranha was ostracised in the Academy, but he persisted, to the point even that on June 19, 1924 he stated in a conference, titled "The modern spirit" at the Academy, that its creation had been an error. A few months later, on October 18, he resigned from the Academy. In the same year, he founded with Renato Almeida a modernist literature review and magazine, Movimento Brasileiro, which lasted until just after his death. His last novel, published in 1929 was A Viagem Maravilhosa (The Marvelous Journey), which was not so well received by the critics.
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In the fifth semester of the Saba University curriculum, students complete a "Research: Literature Review and Analysis" module, designed to further develop the ability to evaluate and assimilate scientific evidence and reinforce the skills for critically appraising and communicating medical knowledge. Students analyze a current and complex medical care question, develop a hypothesis, analyze the literature, and write a paper that is evaluated by a faculty committee. According to the school's website, Saba students have had their papers published in medical journals and have also reported that their research played a role in obtaining a residency appointment.
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A murine species that was first described by George H. H. Tate in 1951, using specimens obtained in 1930. The holotype is a skin and skull of a young adult collected at Tambellup by J. Baldwin, with Tate referring to a second specimen with a damaged skull as slightly larger. Assigned to a diverse and poorly resolved genus, Pseudomys, the describing author allied the species to a subgeneric classification as Gyomys. The term walyadji is used to refer to the species, but this word does not appear in a literature review of Noongar language names for mammals of the region.
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P. africana with stripped bark The species has a long history of traditional uses. The bark is used in numerous ways: as a wound dressing, as a purgative, as an appetite stimulant; and to treat fevers, malaria, arrow poisoning, stomach pain, kidney disease, gonorrhoea, and insanity. The pharmacology and traditional uses of the species are reviewed in Stewart (2003a and 2003 b) The extract Pygeum is an herbal remedy prepared from the bark of P. africana and is promoted as an alternative medicine for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A 2016 literature review found that Pygeum offered no benefit.
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In contrast, individual Southeast Asian American groups ages 25 and over that held a bachelor's degree or higher consist of 9.1% of Cambodian Americans, 7.4% of Hmong Americans, 7.6% of Lao Americans, and 19.5% of Vietnamese Americans. With the exception of Vietnamese Americans, these proportions are lower than other racial minorities including African Americans (14.2%) and Latino Americans (10.3%). As cited in an empirical literature review, research that lacks differentiation between the varying Asian ethnic groups can mask under-performing groups by the higher performing groups. Generally speaking, Southeast Asian American students are overlooked due to the overwhelming success of their East and South Asian American peers.
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In 2009, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, while acknowledging the controversy, states that the current treatments and methods of diagnosis are based on the dominant view of the academic literature. In 2014, Keith Conners, one of the early advocates for recognition of the disorder, spoke out against overdiagnosis in a The New York Times article. In contrast, a 2014 peer- reviewed medical literature review indicated that ADHD is under diagnosed in adults. With widely differing rates of diagnosis across countries, states within countries, races, and ethnicities, some suspect factors other than the presence of the symptoms of ADHD are playing a role in diagnosis.
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Bumke studied at the universities in Freiburg, Leipzig, Munich and Halle. On 1 August 1901 he became an assistant physician at the psychiatric clinic and mental hospital in Freiburg, working under the noted psychiatrist Alfred Hoche, one of the most vocal critics of the "natural disease entities" classification of Emil Kraepelin. As is the custom in German universities, in order to be eligible for a professorship Bumke researched and wrote a second thesis or Habilitation. Published in 1904, Bumke's extensive literature review of the evidence for eye-pupil abnormalities in neurological and psychiatric conditions was an attempt to identify potential biomarkers that might be of diagnostic and research significance.
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The Credit Suisse global wealth pyramid is an indicator of the state of poverty in terms of percentage. Manikan suggests understanding each of the four tiers of the pyramid to get a deeper understanding of how CSR takes precedence over the mere act of charity while attending to 68.4% (in 2010) of the global poor. He suggests corporate social responsibility is a phrase that marketers and economists use; it has filtered down to represent the virtue of a company and its motives in community management. A rigorous literature review of CSR ideologies and frameworks suggested by noted economists and poverty activists have been studied.
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A 2013 literature review found that exposure to marijuana had biologically-based physical, mental, behavioral and social health consequences and was "associated with diseases of the liver (particularly with co-existing hepatitis C), lungs, heart, and vasculature". There are numerous other reasons why people look for medical cannabis and to make people aware of whether they are eligible to accept medical cannabis as a dose, there are numerous websites that are currently providing online consultations through video calling. People are provided licenses with the help of which, they can either grow medical cannabis, or purchase it legally throughout the state. This is done only after precisely reviewing the applications of patients.
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The closest estimate of Muslim civilian casualties in this period is around 500,000. After the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, for reliability reasons, the data regarding the Muslim casualties had to be collected by region. The records regarding the Muslim civilians were sealed at the time of the Paris Peace Conference, and there is very little literature review on the Muslim millet, compared to Christian millet of the Empire (see: Armenian casualties). One plausible explanation that needs further study may be attributable to productivity patterns of the Muslim millet, which could have dropped beyond sustainable levels since most of the men were under arms.
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Depending on the state, province, or country, the term "art therapist" may be reserved for those who are professionals trained in both art and therapy and hold a master or doctoral degree in art therapy or certification in art therapy obtained after a graduate degree in a related field. Other professionals, such as mental health counselors, social workers, psychologists, and play therapists optionally combine art-making with basic psychotherapeutic modalities in their treatment. Therapists may better understand a client's absorption of information after assessing elements of their artwork. A systemic literature review compiled and evaluated different research studies, some of which are listed below.
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In 2012, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, while acknowledging the controversy, states that the current treatments and methods of diagnosis are based on the dominant view of the academic literature. In 2014, Keith Conners, one of the early advocates for recognition of the disorder, spoke out against overdiagnosis in a New York Times article. In contrast, a 2014 peer-reviewed medical literature review indicated that ADHD is underdiagnosed in adults. With widely differing rates of diagnosis across countries, states within countries, races, and ethnicities, some suspect factors other than the presence of the symptoms of ADHD are playing a role in diagnosis.
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Montmorency cherry juice is produced as a dietary supplement, and is manufactured as a concentrate and in capsules as a freeze-dried powder. The juice from the Montmorency cherry is a rich source of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Some studies have suggested that consuming the juice from the Montmorency cherry may promote "muscle recovery following intense exercise". A 2019 literature review found that while tart cherry juice "may not be optimal during the adaptation/build stage of training", it may be beneficial for trained athletes already in peak condition who are looking to improve recovery from inflammation and oxidative stress resulting from intensive daily training or competition.
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A literature review identified five main barriers, as follows: # Terminology confusion: the variety of definitions creates confusion and resistance to engage. This resistance has emerged, often independently, from different fields. As stated by Scherr et al.: “People are talking about the same thing ... This can lead to fragmentation of knowledge, unnecessary re- invention of ideas and practices, and inability to mobilize action at scale. ... this rich diversity is often simply overwhelming: they receive confusing messages” This problem is not unique to landscape approaches: since the 1970s it has been recognised that the constant emergence of new terminology can be harmful if they promote rhetoric at the expense of action.
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Peterson, James R. (in collaboration with Arthur Kretchmer, Barbara Nellis, Janet Lever, and Rosanna Hertz), "The Playboy Readers' Sex Surveys [A six-part series]." Playboy, [1983-1984]. Lever’s work on the Playboy survey led to her interest in HIV/AIDS research, and she participated in large team projects at the RAND Corporation, most notably the first study on how to safely lift the ban against gays in the military Lever, J. "Sexual Orientation and Sexual Behaviors," with David E. Kanouse, literature review chapter in Sexual Orientation and U.S. Military Personnel Policy: Options and Assessments, RAND Report Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1993.
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In the United States, the ratio of trans men within the general population is unclear, but estimates range between 1:2,000 and 1:100,000.Msu.edu A U.S. Census Bureau study in 2015 suggests that there were around 58,000 name changes in census records consistent with female to male transitions although only 7,500 of these changed their sex coding as well.Likely Transgender Individuals in U.S. Federal Administrative Records and the 2010 Census Census.gov In a study by Kara Devaney, entitled Transgender Research Literature Review, it is addressed that the term transgender encompasses a myriad of different and unique identities that do not follow the "normal" rules of gender.
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Nevertheless, research shows that patients experiencing apraxia have less functional independence in their daily lives, and that evidence for the treatment of apraxia is scarce. However, a literature review of apraxia treatment to date reveals that although the field is in its early stages of treatment design, certain aspects can be included to treat apraxia. One method is through rehabilitative treatment, which has been found to positively impact apraxia, as well as activities of daily living. In this review, rehabilitative treatment consisted of 12 different contextual cues, which were used in order to teach patients how to produce the same gesture under different contextual situations.
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Secondly, conflicts can occur over the control and exploitation of resources and the allocation of their revenues (the "resource war" argument). Thirdly, access to resource revenues by belligerents can prolong conflicts (the "conflict resource" argument).Le Billon, Philippe (2006), "Fuelling War: Natural Resources and Armed Conflicts", Adelphi Paper 373, IISS & Routledge A 2018 study in the Journal of Conflict Resolution found that rebels were particularly likely to be able to prolong their participation in civil wars when they had access to natural resources that they could smuggle. A 2004 literature review finds that oil makes the onset of war more likely and that lootable resources lengthen existing conflicts.
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A 2016 White House report based on "back of envelope calculations and literature review" argued that higher hourly wages led to less crime. The study by the Council of Economic Advisers calculated that "raising the minimum wage reduces crime by 3 to 5 percent." To get those numbers, the study assumed that "such a minimum wage increase would have no employment impacts, with an employment elasticity of 0.1 the benefits would be somewhat lower." In contrast in a 1987 journal article, Masanori Hashimoto noted that minimum wage hikes lead to increased levels of property crime in areas affected by the minimum wage after its increase.
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In 1994, DSM-IV was published, listing 410 disorders in 886 pages. The task force was chaired by Allen Frances and was overseen by a steering committee of twenty-seven people, including four psychologists. The steering committee created thirteen work groups of five to sixteen members, each work group having about twenty advisers in addition. The work groups conducted a three-step process: first, each group conducted an extensive literature review of their diagnoses; then, they requested data from researchers, conducting analyses to determine which criteria required change, with instructions to be conservative; finally, they conducted multicenter field trials relating diagnoses to clinical practice.
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In 2004, Mingers and Rosenhead published a literature review of papers that had been published in scholarly journals and that reported practical applications of PSMs. Their literature survey covered the period up to 1998, which was "relatively early in the development of interest in PSMs", and categorized 51 reported applications under the following application areas: general organizational applications; information systems; technology, resources, planning; health services; and general research. Examples of applications reported included: designing a parliamentary briefing system, modeling the San Francisco Zoo, developing a business strategy and information system strategy, planning livestock management in Nepal, regional planning in South Africa, modeling hospital outpatient services, and eliciting knowledge about pesticides.
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Exposure to marijuana may have biologically-based physical, mental, behavioral, and social health consequences and is "associated with diseases of the liver (particularly with co-existing hepatitis C), lungs, heart, eyesight, and vasculature" according to a 2013 literature review by Gordon and colleagues. The association with these diseases has only been reported in cases where people have smoked cannabis. The authors cautioned that "evidence is needed, and further research should be considered, to prove causal associations of marijuana with many physical health conditions". Cannabis use disorder is defined in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a condition requiring treatment.
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Prepublication censorship has been among the primary techniques by which Baháʼí authors have been prevented from publishing on the controversies of contemporary Baháʼí history, and it is notable that the history of the community since about 1950 has not been written about in any detail. Contemporary history is off-limits as a subject because it would involve making value judgments on present office-holders. It is often alleged by Baháʼí conservatives that "literature review" does not actually impede the publication of research findings. But in 1988 the all-male House of Justice permanently suppressed an academic paper arguing that women could serve on the UHJ, insisting that only men could serve.
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Genetic Engineering: Feeding the EU's Livestock A 2012 literature review of studies evaluating the effect of GM feed on the health of animals did not find evidence that animals were adversely affected, although small biological differences were occasionally found. The studies included in the review ranged from 90 days to two years, with several of the longer studies considering reproductive and intergenerational effects. Enzymes produced by genetically modified microorganisms are also integrated into animal feed to enhance availability of nutrients and overall digestion. These enzymes may also provide benefit to the gut microbiome of an animal, as well as hydrolyse antinutritional factors present in the feed.
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The Schmidt campaign sent out a fundraising letterThe TPM DOCUMENT COLLECTION – Jean Schmidt Fundraising Letter accusing her Democratic opponent, Victoria Wulsin of harboring a "contempt for the culture of life" that led her to "participate in grotesque medical experiments" involving injections of "malaria virus" into AIDS patients in Africa and China without their consent. The Wulsin campaign vigorously denied the charges. The "grotesque medical experiments" charge appears to be a reference to 2004 work that Wulsin did with the Heimlich Institute in Ohio. She examined data that was supplied to her as part of a literature review, taken from ongoing studies, of experimental AIDS therapies that Wulsin concluded had potential.
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Traffickers and pimps use the Internet to recruit minors, since Internet and social networking sites usage have significantly increased especially among children.Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, "Online child grooming: A literature review on the misuse of social networking sites for grooming children for sexual offences", Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series 103, 2009, ii–xiv. At the same time, critical scholars have questioned the extent of the role of internet in human trafficking and have cautioned against sweeping generalisations and urged more research. While globalization fostered new technologies that may exacerbate human trafficking, technology can also be used to assist law enforcement and anti-trafficking efforts.
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Blunt injuries to the kidney from helmets, shoulder pads, and knees are described in football, and in soccer, martial arts, and all-terrain vehicle crashes. A literature review of peer-reviewed articles in May 2009 demonstrated that urogenital injuries are uncommon in team and individual sports, and that most of them are low-grade injuries, cycling being the most commonly associated, followed by winter sports, horse riding and contact/collision sports. A special situation has existed in the athletic participant with a single kidney. Formerly, the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness advised against such children and adolescents from participating in contact sports.
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There has been limited research on the prevalence of FAI among a general population according to a literature review by Algarni. On the other hand, there are many sources that discuss the prevalence of athletes with the condition especially those that are younger and white. Hockey, tennis, soccer, and equestrian are all sports where the prevalence of a femoral neck abnormalities are higher due to the nature of the sport to force athletes into forced, loaded flexion and internal rotation. Cam lesions are more common in males, where pincer lesions are more common in females due to differences in anatomical development of the pelvis.
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Birthplace of the nationalist student Karl Ludwig Sand (October 5, 1795) who later went on to assassinate August von Kotzebue-a famous conservative German playwright. Kotzebue's death was a direct result of his published ridicule of the student associations in general, however focusing harshest comments on the newly formed Burschenschaften, student organizations that supported free institutions, a national German state, uncensored press. In addition, the affluent writer was appointed as Russia's "ambassador" (by Russia) making his death a certainty. In his role as ambassador, Kotzebue was accused as being a "spy" while his role as editor of a literature review magazine brought him accusation of outright plagiarism.
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Lüdecke was born in 1954 in Munich, Germany; her Grandfather August Lüdecke-Cleve and father August Lüdecke were painters, her mother a violinist. Her interest in physics and nature rather than the arts led her to study meteorology at Munich's Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), receiving her diploma in 1980. While doing a literature review on the physical properties of sea ice for MAN Neue Technologie AG, she learned more about polar exploration from her colleagues who had overwintered at the Georg-von-Neumayer Station, Germany's Antarctic science station. Increasingly fascinated by polar research, Lüdecke decided to study the history of earth sciences at the LMU's Institute for History of Natural Sciences while working part-time for MAN.
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Malaria eradication during the birth year was associated with increases in IQ. It also increased the probability of employment in a skilled occupation. The author suggests that this may be one explanation for the Flynn effect and that this may be an important explanation for the link between national malaria burden and economic development. A literature review of 44 papers states that cognitive abilities and school performance were shown to be impaired in sub-groups of patients (with either cerebral malaria or uncomplicated malaria) when compared with healthy controls. Studies comparing cognitive functions before and after treatment for acute malarial illness continued to show significantly impaired school performance and cognitive abilities even after recovery.
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The journal's focus is on empirical research reports; however, specialized theoretical, methodological, and review papers are also published. For example, the journal's most highly cited paper, cited over 90,000 times, is a statistical methods paper discussing mediation and moderation. Articles typically involve a lengthy introduction and literature review, followed by several related studies that explore different aspects of a theory or test multiple competing hypotheses. Some researchers see the multiple-experiments requirement as an excessive burden that delays the publication of valuable work, but this requirement also helps maintain the impression that research that is published in JPSP has been thoroughly vetted and is less likely to be the result of a type I error or an unexplored confound.
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The review in PsycCRITIQUES was more nuanced, pointing out that Bentall did not reject psycho-pharmacology, but that he was concerned over its overuse. In 2010, Bentall and John Read co- authored a literature review on "The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy" (ECT). It examined placebo-controlled studies and concluded ECT had minimal benefits for people with depression and schizophrenia. The authors said "given the strong evidence of persistent and, for some, permanent brain dysfunction, primarily evidenced in the form of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and the evidence of a slight but significant increased risk of death, the cost-benefit analysis for ECT is so poor that its use cannot be scientifically justified".
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A literature review of the economic impacts of immigration finds that the net fiscal impact of migrants varies across studies but that the most credible analyses typically find small and positive fiscal effects on average. According to the authors, "the net social impact of an immigrant over his or her lifetime depends substantially and in predictable ways on the immigrant's age at arrival, education, reason for migration, and similar". Studies of refugees' impact on native welfare are scant but the existing literature shows mixed results (negative, positive and no significant effects on native welfare). Research on the economic effects of undocumented immigrants is even more scant but existing studies suggests that the effects are positive for the native population.
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Depending on the information that needs to be processed determines which route of recall an individual will use. For example, if the information only needs to be used temporarily, a person will use maintenance rehearsal in working memory. But, if the information needs to be used at a later date, most likely a person will use elaborative rehearsal. In elaborative rehearsal, the information is processed at a deeper level and has the ability to move to long-term memory. In a literature review, researchers proposed a hypothesis that, “Information entering working memory from the visual external world is processed by structures in the parietal and temporal lobes specialized for perceptual processing (Jondies, Lacey & Nee, 2005).
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Design logic views the business model as an outcome of creating new organizational structures or changing existing structures to pursue a new opportunity. Gerry George and Adam Bock (2011) conducted a comprehensive literature review and surveyed managers to understand how they perceived the components of a business model. In that analysis these authors show that there is a design logic behind how entrepreneurs and managers perceive and explain their business model. In further extensions to the design logic, George and Bock (2012) use case studies and the IBM survey data on business models in large companies, to describe how CEOs and entrepreneurs create narratives or stories in a coherent manner to move the business from one opportunity to another.
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Fidaxomicin was shown to be as good as the standard-of-care, vancomycin, for treating Clostridium difficile infection in a Phase III clinical trial published in February 2011. The authors also reported significantly fewer recurrences of infection, a frequent problem with C. difficile, and similar drug side effects. Based on a multicenter clinical trial studi, fidaxomicin was reported well tolerated in children with Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea and has a pharmacokinetic profile in children similar to that in adults. Regarding the high budget to spend for fidaxomicin, a systematic literature review published in 2017, showed that fidaxomicin was demonstrated to be cost- effective versus metronidazole and vancomycin in patients with Clostridium difficile infection.
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In a 2017 literature review by the National Academy of Sciences, they explain the positive impact of illegal immigrants on natives in the following way: > The entry of new workers through migration increases the likelihood of > filling a vacant position quickly and thus reduces the net cost of posting > new offers. The fact that immigrants in each skill category earn less than > natives reinforces this effect. Though immigrants compete with natives for > these additional jobs, the overall number of new positions employers choose > to create is larger than the number of additional entrants to the labor > market. The effect is to lower the unemployment rate and to strengthen the > bargaining position of workers.
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A 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES) that sampled married men in the United States aged 20–55 found job mobility rates were 30-31% lower among those with employment-provided health insurance coverage, compared with those without it. An NMES literature review in the same year found that studies typically reported a 20-40% reduction in mobility rates due to employment-related health insurance. A 1984 Panel Study of Income Dynamics examining mobility rates among full-time workers aged 25–55 found no statistically significant results. A Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) (1985, 1986, 1987) found that state and federal policy to mandate continuation of coverage increased the job mobility of prime-age male workers.
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A 2004 non-peer-reviewed literature review by authors from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne criticized most of the main instruments used to identify an individual's learning style. In conducting the review, Frank Coffield and his colleagues selected 13 of the most influential models of the 71 models they identified, including most of the models cited on this page. They examined the theoretical origins and terms of each model, and the instrument that purported to assess individuals against the learning styles defined by the model. They analyzed the claims made by the author(s), external studies of these claims, and independent empirical evidence of the relationship between the learning style identified by the instrument and students' actual learning.
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More recent studies have focused on trends which are caused by the rapid increase in prison population since the 1970s, such as the prominence of prison gangs. In his literature review and analysis of evidence about gangs in the California correctional complex, David Sharbek found that gangs formed as a response to a lack of protection from prison officials. According to his research, male prison populations rely on non-structured social norms and on formalized organizations to govern themselves. Social norms become less powerful as a structuring mechanism as populations grow, as they become more difficult to enforce, and as more new members who do not follow these norms enter the society.
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Some PhD programs require the candidate to successfully complete requirements in pedagogy (taking courses on higher-level teaching and teaching undergraduate courses) or applied science (e.g., clinical practice and predoctoral clinical internship in PhD programs in clinical, counseling, or school psychology). Another two to eight years are usually required for the composition of a substantial and original contribution to human knowledge in the form of a written dissertation, which in the social sciences and humanities typically ranges from 50 to 450 pages. In many cases, depending on the discipline, a dissertation consists of a comprehensive literature review, an outline of methodology, and several chapters of scientific, social, historical, philosophical, or literary analysis.
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A thesis (or dissertation) may be arranged as a thesis by publication or a monograph, with or without appended papers, respectively, though many graduate programs allow candidates to submit a curated collection of published papers. An ordinary monograph has a title page, an abstract, a table of contents, comprising the various chapters like introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and bibliography or more usually a references section. They differ in their structure in accordance with the many different areas of study (arts, humanities, social sciences, technology, sciences, etc.) and the differences between them. In a thesis by publication, the chapters constitute an introductory and comprehensive review of the appended published and unpublished article documents.
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In 1996 he was responsible for establishing and directing the Community Informatics Research and Applications Unit (CIRA) which attempted to explore the potential of new media for shaping the development, sustainability and even regeneration of community relations. What he described as community informatics was from the outset concerned with the relationship between geographical places where people lived, worked and socialized and the networked spaces provided by the Internet. Publications such as Community Informatics: Shaping Computer-Mediated Social Networks (2001) and Challenging the Digital Divide? A literature Review of Community Informatics Initiatives (2004) documented both the potential of new media for community development and also the wider role it played in the fragmentation and individualization of local social relations.
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Much of the research on the therapeutic use of yoga has been in the form of preliminary studies or clinical trials of low methodological quality, including small sample sizes, inadequate control and blinding, lack of randomization, and high risk of bias. Further research is needed to quantify the benefits and to clarify the mechanisms involved. For example, a 2010 literature review on the use of yoga for depression stated, "although the results from these trials are encouraging, they should be viewed as very preliminary because the trials, as a group, suffered from substantial methodological limitations." A 2015 systematic review on the effect of yoga on mood and the brain recommended that future clinical trials should apply more methodological rigour.
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When Kellman returned to Barbados, he took an English undergraduate degree at the University of the West Indies and published two poetry chapbooks, In Depths of Burning Light (1982) and The Broken Sun (1984), which drew praise from Kamau Brathwaite, among others. He worked as a newspaper reporter, an arts and literature review columnist, and in public relations (first at the Central Bank of Barbados and then at the National Cultural Foundation), before immigrating to the U.S. in 1987. His experiences at the Central Bank provided inspiration for his first novel The Coral Rooms (1994). In 1987, he studied for a Masters of Fine Arts degree in Creative Writing at Louisiana State University.
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California Department of Labor Relations, Commission on Health and Safety and Workers' Compensation: literature review – Final Offer Arbitration Parties who fail to compromise during negotiations risk a total loss on some or all arbitrated issues under FOA. This uncertainty is considered a "cost" of arbitration that the parties can avoid by settling. By contrast, in conventional arbitration, parties are more likely to call on the arbitrator to decide disputed issues, giving the arbitrator the power to craft a "reasonable" award. In addition to promoting settlement, use of FOA leads parties to adopt reasonable positions during the arbitration, because an unreasonable position will almost certainly be rejected in favor of a more reasonable competing proposal.
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The fourth theme was "not worrying about family", and included messages of assurance that the student had made the right choice in pursuing education even if sacrifices of responsibility to and time with the family had to be made. The fifth theme was "setting a good example", and included messages reminding the student of their responsibility to demonstrate maturity, hard work, and focus to younger family members and friends. More than 25% of first generation students attend junior college, and less than half of students parents doesn't attend college. Olson's literature review and research (2014) explores the unfamiliarity FGCS face when they navigate through their postsecondary education and the fact that they usually do this on their own.
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Choy also reports that the likelihood that a students will enroll in a four-year higher education institution is highly correlated with taking more advanced math courses in high school. While students whose parents had less education were less likely to take more advanced math courses, the likelihood of enrolling in college for students whose parents did not go to college greatly increases with the level of math course they take, especially if they take algebra in 8th grade. Regarding the last step in the college enrollment process, application, the literature review by Carmen Tym et al. explains that first- generation college students are not as likely to receive help from their parents nor their schools.
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Research has come to the consensus that AIED is the result of antibodies or other immune cells that cause damage to structures of the inner ear such as the cochlea and vestibular system. Of note, AIED is the only known SNHL that responds to medical treatment, but withholding treatment for longer than three months may result in permanent hearing loss and the need for cochlear implant installation. Although AIED has been studied extensively over the past 25 years, no clear mechanism of pathogenesis has emerged. A recent paper performed a literature review of all relevant articles dating back to 1980, and proposed a mechanism of pathogenesis which includes an inflammatory response and immune cell attack on inner ear structures.
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Open letter to Australia's Prime Minister (Reporters without Borders) The Howard Government commissioned a number of independent technical experts to examine Internet filtering. The resulting report was delivered to the Australian Government in February 2008, and released publicly in December 2008. Professor Bjorn Landfeldt, one of the report's authors, stated that filtering technology simply does not work, as it can easily be bypassed and slows access to the Internet by up to 87%. In response, Stephen Conroy has stated that the report involved no empirical testing, and was simply a literature review of material available from other sources; any problems raised by the report would be tested during the filter trials scheduled for mid-January 2009.
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Studies of extant dogs cannot exclude the possibility of earlier domestication events that subsequently died out or were overwhelmed by more modern populations. In 2016, this finding was questioned by a whole genome study that included linkage disequilibrium data from east Asian indigenous dogs and found these exhibited a lower level than those of the central Asian dogs, indicating an East Asia origin. This assessment was then called to question because of a negative bias caused by the low coverage used in the genome sequences. In 2017, a literature review found that because it is known that the genetic bottlenecks associated with formation of breeds raise linkage disequilibrium, the comparison of purebred with village dogs was not appropriate.
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The length of time required to reach death could range from hours to days depending on method, the victim's health, and the environment. A literature review by Maslen and Mitchell identified scholarly support for several possible causes of death: cardiac rupture, heart failure, hypovolemic shock, acidosis, asphyxia, arrhythmia, and pulmonary embolism. Death could result from any combination of those factors or from other causes, including sepsis following infection due to the wounds caused by the nails or by the scourging that often preceded crucifixion, eventual dehydration, or animal predation. A theory attributed to Pierre Barbet holds that, when the whole body weight was supported by the stretched arms, the typical cause of death was asphyxiation.
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Beaver ponds help restore salmonid habitat by capturing sediment and improving water quality, providing pools for juvenile salmonid over- summering, raising water tables which recharge streams in the dry season, increasing the area of aquatic and riparian habitat providing fish cover, and attenuating flashy storm flows. A recent comprehensive literature review of the effects of beaver impoundments on fish illustrates that loss of beavers was directly related to significant population declines of now threatened or endangered California salmonids, including three species listed under the Endangered Species Act: Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) (endangered), steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (threatened) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (threatened). Other semi-aquatic mammals living in Big River include river otter (Lontra canadensis) and mink (Neovison vison).
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An ASC is made up of all the participating NA Groups in a given Area. The Group Service Representatives (GSRs) and alternate GSRs from each Group in an Area meet regularly together for a business meeting where issue are raised and discussed in order to better meet the needs of the groups in the Area. Each ASC elects its own officers: the chairperson, vice chairperson, secretary, treasurer, and regional committee members (RCMs). Frequently an ASC will have various subcommittees (such as a but not limitied to Hospitals and Institutions (H&I;), Public Information (PI), Activities, Website, Outreach, Policy, Literature, Literature Review, Newsletter, Recovery By Mail and Convention) which are led by subcommittee leaders that are elected by the entire ASC.
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Teaching is a highly complex activity.For a review of literature on competences required by teachers, see F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers’ core competences: requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at This is partially because teaching is a social practice, that takes place in a specific context (time, place, culture, socio- political-economic situation etc.) and therefore is shaped by the values of that specific context.for a useful discussion see, for example: Cochran-Smith, M. (2006): 'Policy, Practice, and Politics in Teacher Education', Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press Factors that influence what is expected (or required) of teachers include history and tradition, social views about the purpose of education, accepted theories about learning, etc.see for example Cummings, W.K. (2003) 'The Institutions of Education.
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As the world moves into a new era of globalization, an increasing number of people are connecting to the Internet to conduct their own research and are given the ability to produce as well as consume the data accessed on an increasing number of websites. Users are now classified as active users because more people in society are participating in the Digital and Information Age. This flow has created a new life where we are now in danger of becoming dependent on this method of access to information where risks of the perpetuation of misinformation are greatly increased. In a 2018 literature review, Roetzel indicates that information overload can be seen as a virus—spreading through (social) media and news networks.
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The use of cognitive interventions to address mental disorders is controversial and have had mixed results. Cognitive intervention programs have shown to be ineffective to treat certain conditions and therefore puts in the question the scope of applications for cognitive interventions. ; Progression to Alzheimer's Disease : A literature review done of the use of cognitive intervention programs to "slow progression to AD in healthy elderly" concluded that cognitive interventions are ineffective as a preventative measure for AD. ; Early stages of AD and vascular dementia : Cognitive training and cognitive dementia are cognitive intervention programmes used to address memory difficulties of these cognitive impairments; however, Clare and colleagues examined six studies that used cognitive intervention and found no statistically significant effect of these interventions on memory functioning.
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A 2013 literature review found 20 studies that reported improvements in sleep parameters as a result of melatonin supplementation, and concluded that "the administration of exogenous melatonin for abnormal sleep parameters in ASD is evidence-based." Although omega-3 fatty acids, which are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), are a popular treatment for children with ASD, there is very little high-quality scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness, and further research is needed. Several other supplements have been hypothesized to relieve autism symptoms, including BDTH2, carnosine, cholesterol, cyproheptadine, D-cycloserine, folic acid, glutathione, metallothionein promoters, other PUFA such as omega-6 fatty acids, tryptophan, tyrosine, thiamine (see Chelation therapy), vitamin B12, and zinc. These lack reliable scientific evidence of efficacy or safety in treatment of autism.
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KKV criticize Harry H. Eckstein's notion of "crucial case studies", warning that a single observation makes it harder to estimate multiple causal effects, more likely that there is measurement error, and risks that an event in a single case was caused by random error. According to the authors, a strong research design requires both qualitative and quantitative research, a research question that poses an important and real question that will contribute to the base of knowledge about this particular subject, and a comprehensive literature review from which hypotheses (theory- driven) are then drawn. Data that are collected should be operationalized so that other researchers could replicate the study and achieve similar results. For the same reason, the reasoning process behind the analysis needs to be explicit.
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The first systematic review for caudal duplication symptoms was done and the term "caudal duplication syndrome" was first proposed in 1993. The term was coined to describe rare anomalies associated with complete or partial duplication of caudal structures resulted from insults during embryogenesis to distinguish symptoms of spinal duplication syndrome which only involves spinal duplicity, only when there is associated complete or partial duplicity of vascular structures and/or organs such as bladder and distal gastrointestinal tract the term caudal duplication syndrome can be used. However, recently in 2013, it was suggested that “duplication” is a misnomer based on an analysis of two cases and literature review in which researchers found “hemi” organs was “split” not duplicated, proposing caudal “split” syndrome may be a more appropriate title.
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In 2008, Blanchard was the lead author of an influential paper proposing the introduction of hebephilia in the DSM-5. The paper, coauthored mostly with colleagues from CAMH and the University of Toronto, triggered a number of reactions, many of them critical on the basis that it pathologizes reproductively valid behavior in order to uphold current social and legal standards. Critics include Richard Green, DSM-IV editor Michael First, forensic psychologist Karen Franklin, and Charles Allen Moser, while others including William O'Donohue argued that the proposal did not go far enough. Blanchard also wrote the literature review paper for the DSM-5 committee regarding pedophilia, in which he summarized and attempted to address the criticism over the DSM-IV-TR definition of pedophilia.
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Father and children reading According to a literature review by Christopher Spera (2005), Darling and Steinberg (1993) suggest that it is important to better understand the differences between parenting styles and parenting practices: "Parenting practices are defined as specific behaviors that parents use to socialize their children", while parenting style is "the emotional climate in which parents raise their children". Others such as Lamborn and Dornbusch Darling and Steinberg assisted in the research focusing on impacts of parenting practices on adolescence achievement. One study association that has been made is the difference between "child's outcome and continuous measures of parental behavior". Some of the associations that are listed include the following: support, involvement, warmth, approval, control, monitoring, and harsh punishment.
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Seacole was one of the last to leave Crimea, returning to England "poorer than [she] left it". Though she had left poorer, her impact on the soldiers was invaluable to the soldiers she treated, changing their perceptions about her as described in the Illustrated London News: "Perhaps at first the authorities looked askant at the woman-volunteer; but they soon found her worth and utility; and from that time until the British army left the Crimea, Mother Seacole was a household word in the camp...In her store on Spring Hill she attended many patients, cared for many sick, and earned the good will and gratitude of hundreds".Literature Review. The Illustrated London News. Elm House, 25 July 1857, pg. 105.
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Larrivee noted that (student) teachers require "carefully constructed guidance" and "multifaceted and strategically constructed interventions" if they are to reflect effectively on their practice. Rod Lane and colleagues listed strategies by which teacher educators can promote a habit of reflective practice in pre- service teacher education, such as discussions of a teaching situation, reflective interviews or essays about one's teaching experiences, action research, or journaling or blogging. Neville Hatton and David Smith, in a brief literature review, concluded that teacher education programs do use a wide range of strategies with the aim of encouraging students teachers to reflect (e.g. action research, case studies, video-recording or supervised practicum experiences), but that "there is little research evidence to show that this [aim] is actually being achieved".
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A detailed and comprehensive literature review on the various aspects of sophorolipids production (e.g. producing micro-organisms, bio-synthetic pathway, effect of medium components and other fermentation conditions and downstream process of sophorolipids is available in the published work of Van Bogaert et al.Van Bogaert I (2008) Microbial synthesis of sophorolipids by the yeast Candida bombicola. PhD-thesis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 239 p This work also discusses potential application of sophorolipids (and their derivatives) as well as the potential for genetic engineering strains to enhance sophorolipid yields. Researchers have focused on optimization of sophorolipid production in submerged fermentation,Parekh, V. J.; Pandit, A. B., Optimization of fermentative production of sophorolipid biosurfactant by starmerella bombicola NRRL Y-17069 using response surface methodology.
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However, while gay youth are considered to be at higher risk for suicide, a literature review published in the journal Adolescence states, "Being gay in-and-of-itself is not the cause of the increase in suicide." Rather the review notes that the findings of previous studies suggested the,"...suicide attempts were significantly associated with psychosocial stressors, including gender nonconformity, early awareness of being gay, victimization, lack of support, school dropout, family problems, acquaintances' suicide attempts, homelessness, substance abuse, and other psychiatric disorders. Some of these stressors are also experienced by heterosexual adolescents, but they have been shown to be more prevalent among gay adolescents." Despite recent progress in LGBT rights, gay men continue to experience high rates of loneliness and depression after coming out.
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Liquidation of assets and withdrawals from financial market were severe, which made a risky group of borrowers have difficulties rolling over their liabilities and financing new credits. A recent development in theory explains various mechanisms which led to enhanced initial effects of a flight-to-quality pattern.Caballero, Ricardo and Pablo Kurlat (2008). "Flight to Quality and Bailouts: Policy Remarks and a Literature Review." Working Paper 08-21.Krishnamurthy, Arvind, 2010: "Amplification Mechanisms in Liquidity Crises." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2(3): 1–30. These mechanisms follow from an observation that a flight-to-quality pattern involves a combination of market participants' weakening balance sheet and risk aversion of asset payoffs, extreme uncertainty aversion, and strategic or speculative behavior of liquid market participants.
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In 2020, a literature review of canid domestication stated that modern dogs were not descended from the same Canis lineage as modern wolves, and proposes that dogs may be descended from a Pleistocene wolf closer in size to a village dog. The genetic divergence between dogs and wolves occurred between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago, just before or during the Last Glacial Maximum (20,000-27,000 years ago). This period represents the upper time-limit for domestication commencement because it is the time of divergence and not the time of domestication, which occurred later. One of the most critical transitions in human history was the domestication of animals, which began with the long-term association between wolves and hunter–gatherers more than 15,000 years ago.
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Dover Area School District 4: whether ID is science). On 4 August 2004, an article by Stephen C. Meyer (Director of Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture) titled "The origin of biological information and the higher taxonomic categories", appeared in the peer-reviewed journal, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Meyer's article was a literature review article, and contained no new primary scholarship itself on the topic of intelligent design. The following month, the publisher of the journal, the Council of the Biological Society of Washington, released a statement repudiating the article and stating that their former editor Richard M. Sternberg had, in an unusual manner, handled the entire review process without consultation or review from an associate editor.
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From a market share of zero to a share 8% of the global coffee industry in one decade suggests that sustainable coffees are no longer a small niche. Efforts are underway by various certification bodies, non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and global food companies to develop the production of sustainable coffees in the poorest regions of the world, such as Africa, and to measure the actual impacts that the various initiatives, standards and certifications. Whilst a number of papers have been published on the topic, high quality research is still lacking. Resources for the Future, a research think tank, undertook a broad literature review in 2010 and identified 37 relevant studies, only 14 of which use methods likely to generate credible results.
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Critics charge that it has led to a paucity of intellectually acute Baháʼí literature, to a lack of independent magazines and to the withdrawal of a number of Baháʼí writers. The innovative research findings of the new generation of Baháʼí academics has in particular brought them into conflict with the conservatives in charge of the censorship apparatus. Although Baháʼí officials insist that the censorship requirement ("literature review") is "temporary," it has already lasted nearly a century, and the House of Justice has made it clear that it intends to keep it in effect for a very long time. And although it is sometimes alleged that "review" protects Baháʼí authors, in practice even work submitted for review, such as the Dialogue "Modest Proposal," can attract sanctions.
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The recent systematic literature review conducted by Cabral and Dhar (2019) has identified the significance of skill development wherein the implementation of such schemes mitigate poverty, utilize demographic dividend, socio-economic empowerment of under privileged sectors, achieve economic growth, reduce social challenges, and economic inclusion. As far as institutional mechanism is concerned, the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and the scheme - Prime Minister Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) have resulted to achieve considerable results, but not achieved the expected outcomes. The study argues the essential requirement of skill development to achieve technology adoption and women empowerment in the country. Oracle on 12 February 2016 announced that it will build a new 2.8 million sq. ft.
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The 2012 study proposed that there are 3 true canis species in North America - the gray wolf, the western coyote, and red wolf/eastern wolf with the eastern wolf represented by the Algonquin wolf, with the Great Lakes wolf being a hydrid of the eastern wolf and the gray wolf, and the eastern coyote being a hybrid of the western coyote and the eastern (Algonquin) wolf. Also in 2011, a scientific literature review was undertaken to help assess the taxonomy of North American wolves. One of the findings proposed was that the eastern wolf, whose range includes eastern Canada and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan plus Wisconsin and Minnesota is supported as a separate species by morphological and genetic data.
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" A 2011 literature review by Schlomer, Del Giudice, and Ellis in Psychological Review stated regarding the theory: > "Recently, Crespi and Badcock (2008a; Badcock, 2009) argued that genomic > imprinting can help explain the evolution of the human brain and the origin > of some important psychological disorders. They reviewed a large body of > evidence linking imprinted genes to the etiology of autism and psychosis, > and proposed that autistic-spectrum conditions are associated with a > "paternally biased" pattern of brain development (i.e., over-expression of > paternal genes and/or under-expression of maternal genes), while psychotic- > spectrum syndromes would be associated to a "maternally biased" development. > Although Crespi and Badcock’s model is still speculative in several > respects, and has been met with criticism by some researchers (e.g.
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Bell miners are so closely associated with eucalyptus dieback that the phenomenon has been named Bell Miner Associated Dieback (BMAD). Concern about BMAD has led to the formation of the BMAD Working Group, the 2004 BMAD Strategy, the 2005 BMAD National Forum, the 2006 BMAD Literature Review, and continues to be an area of active research. Eucalyptus dieback involved complicated ecosystems with numerous variables and occurs in some habitats without the presence of bell miners, but there is a high correlation with bell miner presence and eucalyptus dieback that was noted as early as 1982. One theory is that the monopolising and/or farming of psyllids by bell miners allows psyllid numbers to build up, eventually leading to tree sickness and possibly death.
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They also started their own publications, the first of which, México Moderno, was described as an "art and literature review" and ran from 1920 to 1923. La Falange (December 1922-February 1923), labeled a "review of Latin culture", and Ulises (May 1927–February 1928; see also Teatro Ulises), billed as a source of "curiosity and criticism", were two other short-lived, though influential, literary journals founded and directed by Contemporáneos. In 1928, Torres Bodet inaugurated the group's longest-lived editorial endeavor, the magazine Contemporáneos. From June 1928 until December 1931 the magazine published, along with representative work by its founding members and allies, pieces by older, more established Mexican, Latin American, and Spanish writers, as well as translations of favored American and European authors.
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An extinct Late Pleistocene wolf may have been the ancestor of the dog, with the dog's similarity to the extant grey wolf being the result of genetic admixture between the two. In 2020, a literature review of canid domestication stated that modern dogs were not descended from the same Canis lineage as modern wolves, and proposes that dogs may be descended from a Pleistocene wolf closer in size to a village dog. The genetic divergence between dogs and wolves occurred between 20,000–40,000 years ago, just before or during the Last Glacial Maximum (20,000–27,000 years ago). This timespan represents the upper time-limit for the commencement of domestication because it is the time of divergence but not the time of domestication, which occurred later.
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Venkataramanan, V (2012) "Systematic Literature Review (Grey Literature) of Publications on Community-led Total Sanitation" The Water Institute at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Accessed 2015-02-16 It concluded that these kinds of reports focus on the 'triggering' stage of CTLS instead of the measurable outcomes. A peer-reviewed article considered the sustainability of CLTS in the longer term: It found that there was little monitoring or evaluation of the impacts of CLTS, even though large international organizations were involved in funding the process. Reviews about the effectiveness of CLTS to eliminate open defecation, reduce diarrhea and other gastrointestinal diseases, and decrease stunting in children are currently underway. In some cases, CLTS has been compared with India's Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) when assessing the effectiveness of the approach.
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RealTourist lets a user to plan a conference trip with the help of a remote tourist consultant who could view the tourist's eye-gaze superimposed onto a shared map. Data collected from the experiment were analyzed in conjunction with literature review on speech and eye-gaze patterns. This inspective, exploratory research identified various functions of gaze-overlay on shared spatial material including: accurate and direct display of partner's eye-gaze, implicit deictic referencing, interest detection, common focus and topic switching, increased redundancy and ambiguity reduction, and an increase of assurance, confidence, and understanding. This study identified patterns that can serve as a basis for designing multimodal human-computer dialogue systems with eye-gaze locus as a contributing channel, and investigated how computer- mediated communication can be supported by the display of the partner's eye- gaze.
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The pillar-like plumes frequently broadened and joined up with other smoke plumes at higher altitudes, producing a cloudy grey overcast effect, as only about 10% of all the fires corresponding with those that originated from "oil lakes" produced pure black soot filled plumes, 25% of the fires emitted white to grey plumes, while the remainder emitted plumes with colors between grey and black. For example, one Gulf War veteran stated: A paper published in 2000 analyzed the degree of exposure by troops to particulate matter, which included soot but the paper focused more-so on silica sand, which can produce silicosis. The paper included troop medical records, and in its conclusion: "A literature review indicated negligible to nonexistent health risk from other inhaled particulate material (other than silica) during the Gulf War".
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They often establish a legal presumption that a pit bull–type dog is prima facie a legally "dangerous" or "vicious" dog. In response, 16 states in the U.S. prohibited or restricted the ability of municipal governments within those states to enact BSL, though these restrictions do not affect military installations located within the states. In a 2014 literature review, the American Veterinary Medical Association stated that "controlled studies have not identified this breed group as disproportionately dangerous", and that "it has not been demonstrated that introducing a breed-specific ban will reduce the rate or severity of bite injuries occurring in the community". In 2012, the American Bar Association passed a resolution urging the repeal of breed-specific legislation, stating that it is "ineffective at improving public safety".
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A detailed literature review was made of books written about Atatürk, national and international newspapers and diplomatic letters in preparation for the production. Dündar and his team were given special access to many national and international archives, including those at the President's Office and the General Staff, uncovering several previously unseen photos, memoirs, special letters and manuscripts of Atatürk which were used in the production. The film was shot over nine months on locations including Thessalonica, Manastır, Berlin, Damascus, Sofia, Carlsbad and Istanbul, the places where Atatürk lived, and some scenes were shot in the room where he was born and the one where he died. His personal belongings, memoirs, headquarters where he worked, houses where he lived, documents that he left, songs he liked and remarks he uttered were all used in the documentary.
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A newly created fellow inscribes his or her name on the society's official roll using either Byron's pen, T. S. Eliot's fountain pen, which replaced Dickens's quill in 2013, or (as of 2018) George Eliot's pen."The RSL elects 40 new Fellows under the age of 40", The Royal Society of Literature press release, June 2018. The society publishes an annual magazine, The Royal Society of Literature Review, and administers a number of literary prizes and awards, including the RSL Ondaatje Prize, the RSL Jerwood Awards for Non-Fiction, the RSL Encore Award for best second novel of the year and the V. S. Pritchett Memorial Prize for short stories. From time to time it confers the honour and title of Companion of Literature to writers of particular note.
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Broughton, P.S. (2005) Designing PTW training to match rider goals in Driver Behaviour and Training Vol II edited by L. Dorn. A literature review found that driver and rider education had little benefit, due to the failure of most programs to account for the age and inexperience of the highest risk drivers. After reviewing motorcycle rider education/training programs in three countries, Dan Mayhew of Canada's Traffic Injury Research Foundation said, "no compelling evidence that rider training is associated with reductions in collisions." David L. Hough has cited risk comparisons in the Hurt Report showing riders who did not receive professional or organized training, such as those who were self-taught or learned to ride from friends and family, to be two to three times higher than those who had rider training.
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When gender equality is a secondary aspect, development aid which has funds required to impact gender equality can be used to meet quotas of women receiving aid, without effecting the changes in gender roles that Gender Mainstreaming was meant to promote. Programs can also fail to provide lasting effects, with local organizations removing gender equality aspects of programs after international aid dollars are no longer funding them. Robert C. Jones of McGill University and Liam Swiss of Memorial University argue that women leaders of governmental aid organizations and NGOs are more effective at Gender Mainstreaming than their male counterparts. They found in a literature review that NGOs headed by women were more likely to have Gender Mainstreaming programs and that women were often the heads of Gender Mainstreaming programs within organizations.
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HITAP sent out letters calling for topic nominations from policy-making bodies such as departments in the Ministry of Public Health and healthcare payers, review about the nominated topics and prioritize them according to the criteria constructed based on a literature review before presenting them to the policy- makers in a topic selection workshop for their comments and final says on the prioritized topics. With this approach, all of HITAP’s first batch HTA researches was used to inform policy decision-making, mostly for the development of the Thai pharmaceutical reimbursement called the National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM) and the Benefit Package (BP) under the Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS). This build a path to formal channel of integrating HTA to the development of both NLEM and BP later.
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The rates of treatment discontinuation are higher than the rates of ADHD patients that receive no treatment at all; few studies present evidence that adherence to ADHD treatment is occurring at high rates with low acceptability. A literature review on empirical studies from 1997 to 2014 revealed a lack of research on adult non-adherence, however there is a large body of research on children and adolescents who discontinue treatment. Some of the common reasons for stopping treatment includes the idea that it is not needed or does not reduce the symptoms of ADHD, as well as reported adverse drug effects like weight and appetite loss, sleeping difficulties, combined with other medically diagnosed conditions. Research has shown that adherence and acceptability improvements are possible with accessible and convenient community-based treatment options.
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Although internet and video game addictions are generally considered different from gambling disorder and substance abuse, there is a growing body of evidence indicating they share common features, including behavioral and neural features. Indeed, it is suggested that while behavioral addiction may differ with drug addictions in magnitude, they share several characteristics, with Hellman et al proposing that the concept of addiction should be de- medicalized. On the contrary, a literature review found that as the video game addiction develops, online gaming addicts spend increasing amounts of time not only playing but also preparing for and organizing their playing sessions, suggesting this addiction may be behavioral rather than a disorder of impulse control. There is recent evidence suggesting that internet gaming disorder can cause two distinct types of dysfunctions: cognitive and metacognitive.
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A literature review by Laura Benedetti, "Reconstructing Artemisia: Twentieth Century Images of a Woman Artist", concluded that Artemisia's work is often interpreted according to the contemporary issues and personal biases of the authors. Feminist scholars, for example, have elevated Artemisia to the status of feminist icon, which Benedetti attributed to Artemisia's paintings of formidable women and her success as an artist in a male-dominated field while also being a single mother. Elena Ciletti, author of Gran Macchina a Bellezza, wrote that "The stakes are very high in Artemisia's case, especially for feminists, because we have invested in her so much of our quest for justice for women, historically and currently, intellectually and politically." Feminist scholars suggest that Artemisia wanted to take a stand against the stereotype of female submissiveness.
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Their research showed that more than 93% of a group of 500 chronically anorgasmic women could reach orgasm using Magic Wand and the Betty Dodson Method. The Scientific World Journal research was subsequently discussed in a literature review published in 2010 by The Journal of Sexual Medicine. Bat Sheva Marcus published a 2011 article in The Journal of Sexual Medicine after introducing women to the Magic Wand as a way to increase her subjects' levels of sexual experience and assess changes in their sexual expectations. In their work Pleasure Able: Sexual Device Manual for Persons with Disabilities, authors Kate Naphtali and Edith MacHattie of the Disabilities Health Research Network under the supervision of doctors Andrei Krassioukov and Stacy L Elliott recommended use of the Magic Wand in sexual activity for people with disabilities.
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Studies in 2005 and earlier have concluded that DU ammunition has no measurable detrimental health effects. A 1999 literature review conducted by the Rand Corporation stated: "No evidence is documented in the literature of cancer or any other negative health effect related to the radiation received from exposure to depleted or natural uranium, whether inhaled or ingested, even at very high doses," and a RAND report authored by the U.S. Defense department undersecretary charged with evaluating DU hazards considered the debate to be more political than scientific.Bernard D. Rostker Depleted Uranium, A Case Study of Good and Evil. RAND Corporation A 2001 oncology study concluded that "the present scientific consensus is that DU exposure to humans, in locations where DU ammunition was deployed, is very unlikely to give rise to cancer induction".
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While the alkaloids found in raw and dried beans are bitter and unpalatable to many, with soaking the level is reduced. There are several references in medical literature to poisoning caused by errors in lupini preparation. Symptoms of lupin bean poisoning (from excess alkaloid in cooked food) include dilated unresponsive pupils, confusion, slowed thought and disorientation, flushed face and/or fever, high heart rate and blood pressure, tremors, difficulty with or slurred speech, in-coordination, dizziness, burning dry mouth, stomach pain, and anxiety or "malaise". Many human symptoms are described in the Australian government's evaluation of lupin food and livestock fodder export safety standards in the medical literature review section: Current media describes the symptoms when referring to recent Australian Medical Journal reports of poisoning from overly bitter lupin flour used in foods reported in the media.
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As a placebo studies expert, Shields examines the scientific/biological basis of the placebo response in humans including the implications and effects of ritual (including medical rituals, social rituals, and religious rituals), the subject-healer relationship, cultural context, and the efficacy of belief, faith, imagination, trust and hope in physical and emotional healing processes. Shields' doctoral dissertation, "The Social Life of Placebos: Proximate and Evolutionary Mechanisms of Biocultural Interactions in Asante Medical Encounters" is an interdisciplinary study of the evolution of placebogenic responses–beneficial ones activated by psychosocial triggers–and their elicitation in Asante medical contexts. Based on extensive literature review in social, cultural, and medical studies over 26 months of intensive research in rural Ghana, West Africa, it examines the therapeutic efficacy of Asante medical encounters by analyzing rites of caregiving within an evolutionary framework.
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Barnardo's is concerned that boy victims may be overlooked. A firm of solicitors that acts in many cases of child abuse has published a list of over twenty Children's Homes and group actions that they have an interest in or for which they are lead solicitors. The estimates for the United States vary widely. A literature review of 23 studies found rates of 3% to 37% for males and 8% to 71% for females, which produced an average of 17% for boys and 28% for girls, while a statistical analysis based on 16 cross-sectional studies estimated the rate to be 7.2% for males and 14.5% for females. The US Department of Health and Human Services reported 83,600 substantiated reports of sexually abused children in 2005, while state-level child protective services reported 63,527 sexual abuse incidents in 2010.
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In response to the NEJM articles and a medical record review showing misuse of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, US Medicare contractor Noridian Administrative Services (NAS) conducted a literature review and formed a policy regarding reimbursement of the procedures. NAS states that in order to be reimbursable, a procedure must meet certain criteria, including, 1) a detailed and extensively documented medical record showing pain caused by a fracture, 2) radiographic confirmation of a fracture, 3) that other treatment plans were attempted for a reasonable amount of time, 4) that the procedure is not performed in the emergency department, and 5) that at least 1 year of follow-up is planned for, among others. The policy, as referenced, applies only to the region covered by Noridian and not all of Medicare's coverage area. It became effective on 20 June 2011.
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Archival storage boxes Greene and Meissner begin the article with a call to action, citing the British report Best Value and Local Authority Archives, which claims that archival cataloging, arrangement, and description are "not working" and that growing backlogs are "weakening the archival profession". The authors hypothesize that "processing projects squander scarce resources", and that it is thus necessary to entirely reframe the discussion about processing rather than simply suggesting a new processing technique. Their methodology included a literature review, an overview of National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) grants, two surveys, and examination of other relevant studies. Greene and Meissner discuss what they perceive to be problems with processing and cite a 1998 Association of Research Libraries (ARL) survey of special collections units which found that nearly a third of manuscript collections made up uncatalogued backlogs.
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Although women can be disadvantaged in the drug economy, they find ways to cope with these inequalities. In Sexed Work, Lisa Maher states that some women adopt a “badass” or a “crazy” persona in order to survive amongst violent male counterparts. Maher and Susan L. Hudson, in a literature review of the women in the drug economy, explain that women are able to use their image as “feminine”, “vulnerable”, or "innocent" to hide from police suspicions and sell drugs successfully. They also may be able to use their “feminine” social and communication skills to defuse potentially violent situations. Maher and Hudson also find that many women can cope with limited opportunities for generating income in the drug economy by “diversifying”: they make money through a flexible mix of sex work, welfare, formal sector jobs, and drug selling.
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Research proposals may be solicited, meaning that they are submitted in response to a request with specified requirements, such as a request for proposal, or they may be unsolicited, meaning they are submitted without prior request. Other types of proposals include "preproposals", where a letter of intent or brief abstract is submitted for review prior to submission of a full proposal; continuation proposals, which re-iterate an original proposal and its funding requirements in order to ensure continued funding; and renewal proposals, which seek continued sponsorship of a project which would otherwise be terminated. Academic research proposals are generally written as part of the initial requirements of writing a thesis, research paper, or dissertation. They generally follow the same format as a research paper, with an introduction, a literature review, a discussion of research methodology and goals, and a conclusion.
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Notwithstanding his institutional role as a defense lawyer, Young has also been a champion of the rights of crime victims for more than 20 years. He has been the primary consultant for the federal Department of Justice on the issue of victims' rights since the 1990s, and has represented numerous victims' rights groups seeking legislative reform.Alan Young, "The Role of the Victim in the Criminal Process: A Literature Review – 1989 to 1999" (Ottawa: Department of Justice – Research and Statistics Division, 2001); Alan Young, "Criminal Compensation in Canada: A Status Report" (Ottawa: Department of Justice, 2001); Alan Young, "Crime Victims and Constitutional Rights" (Ottawa: Department of Justice, 2003). He has also assisted numerous crime victims seeking information from police and prosecutors on the status of their cases, and has attended court as a support person for many victims.
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A 2011 literature review of the economic impacts of immigration found that the net fiscal impact of migrants varies across studies but that the most credible analyses typically find small and positive fiscal effects on average. According to the authors, "the net social impact of an immigrant over his or her lifetime depends substantially and in predictable ways on the immigrant's age at arrival, education, reason for migration, and similar". A 2016 report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine concluded that over a 75-year time horizon, "the fiscal impacts of immigrants are generally positive at the federal level and generally negative at the state and local level." The reason for the costs to state and local governments is that the cost of educating the immigrants' children falls on state and local governments.
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Preliminary pamphlets containing key results from the Minnesota Starvation Experiment were produced and used extensively by aid workers in Europe and Asia in the months after World War II. The full report of results from the Minnesota Starvation Experiment was published 5 years later, in 1950 in a two-volume, 1,385-page text titled The Biology of Human Starvation, University of Minnesota Press. The 50-chapter work contains an extensive analysis of the physiological and psychological data collected during the study, and a comprehensive literature review. Two subjects were dismissed for failing to maintain the dietary restrictions imposed during the starvation phase of the experiment, and the data for two others were not used in the analysis of the results. Among the conclusions from the study was the confirmation that prolonged semi-starvation produces significant increases in depression, hysteria and hypochondriasis as measured using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
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A 2011 literature review found that although wind turbines are associated with some health effects, such as sleep disturbance, the health effects reported by those living near wind turbines were probably caused not by the turbines themselves but rather by "physical manifestation from an annoyed state." A 2013 report for the National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) elaborated: "There is consistent evidence that noise from wind turbines is associated with annoyance, and reasonable consistency that it is associated with sleep disturbance and poorer sleep quality and quality of life. However, it is unclear whether the observed associations are due to wind turbine noise or plausible confounders." A meta study published in 2014 reported that among the cross-sectional studies of better quality, no clear or consistent association is seen between wind turbine noise and any reported disease or other indicator of harm to human health.
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Research into consumer/survivor initiatives (CSIs) suggests they can help with social support, empowerment, mental wellbeing, self-management and reduced service use, identity transformation and enhanced quality of life. However, studies have focused on the support and self-help aspects of CSIs, neglecting that many organizations locate the causes of members’ problems in political and social institutions and are involved in activities to address issues of social justice.Geoffrey Nelson, Joanna Ochocka, Rich Janzen, John Trainor (2006) A longitudinal study of mental health consumer/survivor initiatives: Part 1 - Literature review and overview of the study Journal of Community Psychology, Volume 34 Issue 3, Pages 247 - 260 A 2006 series of studies in Canada compared individuals who participated in CSIs with those who did not. The two groups were comparable at baseline on a wide range of demographic variables, self-reported psychiatric diagnosis, service use, and outcome measures.
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A literature review was conducted into the important early work of 'shared value'. Researchers found some literature focusing on the development of shared value by Porter and Kramer (2006) with most work coming from few sources like the Monitor Group. More extensively the literature is from development organisations focusing on case studies into the interrelated area of business ventures at the bottom of the pyramid or inclusive business strategies/models.Seminal papers on ‘Shared value’ Outside these case studies, limited literature was found so the paper presented lessons learnt from shared value and interrelated business models to show how they developed and business strategies to engage with the bottom of the pyramid. the term “shared value” is found in Porter and Kramer (2006), “Strategy and society: the link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility” and was a development by Porter of previous thinking on business strategy.
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Brickman and Campbell originally implied that everyone returns to the same neutral set point after a significantly emotional life event. In the literature review, "Beyond the Hedonic Treadmill, Revising the Adaptation Theory of Well-Being" (2006), Diener, Lucas, and Scollon concluded that people are not hedonically neutral, and that individuals have different set points which are at least partially heritable. They also concluded that individuals may have more than one happiness set point, such as a life satisfaction set point and a subjective well being set point, and that because of this, one's level of happiness is not just one given set point but can vary within a given range. Diener and colleagues point to longitudinal and cross-sectional research to argue that happiness set point can change, and lastly that individuals vary in the rate and extent of adaptation they exhibit to change in circumstance.
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On January 31, 2009 PACE and the Hib Initiative hosted Childhood Pneumonia and Meningitis: Recent Advances at Aga Khan University in Karachi, Pakistan. The event, brought together stakeholders in child health from Pakistan, including health professionals, representatives from the Ministry of Health and EPI officials. Event leaders, PACE Co-chair Dr. Ciro de Quadros and PACE member Dr. Zulfiqar Bhutta, highlighted the role of advocacy in combating childhood pneumonia and meningitis. On March 3, 2009, PACE, in conjunction with the Sabin Vaccine Institute, PneumoADIP and the WHO, hosted a media briefing at the Sabin Vaccine Institute's 4th Regional Pneumococcal Symposium in Johannesburg, South Africa, at which PACE released two new studies, Sequelae Due to Bacterial Meningitis among African Children: A Systematic Literature Review, and Bacterial Infections in Persons with Sickle Cell Disease: A Review of Data from Africa with a Focus on Pneumococcal Disease.
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In 2013, a twin study combined a survey of pairs of twins where one or both had undergone, or had plans and medical approval to undergo, gender transition, with a literature review of published reports of transgender twins. The study found that one third of identical twin pairs in the sample were both transgender: 13 of 39 (33%) monozygotic or identical pairs of assigned males and 8 of 35 (22.8%) pairs of assigned females. Among dizygotic or genetically non-identical twin pairs, there was only 1 of 38 (2.6%) pairs where both twins were trans. The significant percent of identical twin pairs in which both twins are trans and the virtual absence of dizygotic twins (raised in the same family at the same time) in which both were trans would provide evidence that transgender identity is significantly influenced by genetics if both sets were raised in different families.
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In 1997, psychology professor Bruce Rind from Temple University and doctoral student Philip Tromovitch from the University of Pennsylvania published a literature review in The Journal of Sex Research of seven studies regarding adjustment problems of victims of child sexual abuse (CSA). To avoid the sampling bias that, they argued, existed in most studies of CSA (which drew from samples mostly in the mental health or legal systems and thus were, as a sample, unlike the population as a whole), the 1997 study combined data from studies using only national samples of individuals expected to be more representative of the population of child sexual abuse victims. This study examined 10 independent samples designed to be nationally representative, based on data from more than 8,500 participants. Four of the studies came from the United States, and one each came from Great Britain, Canada, and Spain.
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The study could not dismiss the possibility of the eastern wolf having evolved from an ancient hybridization of gray wolf and coyote in the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene. Another study by the same authors found that eastern wolf mDNA genetic diversity had been lost after their culling in the early 1960s, leading to the invasion of coyotes into their territory and introgression of coyote mDNA. In 2014, the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis was invited by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to provide an independent review of its proposed rule relating to gray wolves. The Center's panel findings were that the proposed rule was heavily dependent upon the analysis contained in a scientific literature review conducted in 2011 (Chambers et al.), that this work was not universally accepted and that the issue was "not settled", and that the rule does not represent the "best available science".
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This was particularly important because sex differences were used to justify the oppression of women and the dominance of men and infiltrated scientific objectivity through cultural experience (Seward & Seward, 1980). Sex Differences: Mental and Temperamental (1980) is a comprehensive literature review of studies that investigated differences between male and female. The goal of Sex Differences: Mental and Temperamental was to converge the literature of different cultures, non-human animal research, historical cultures, normal and abnormal development, and learning theory into a comprehensive manifestation of sex roles. The working hypothesis of the book was based upon a couple key assumptions, the first being that sex differences were a by-product of evolution. The other assumption was that with the increased development of the human brain and its by products (such as language, context and memory) increase humans’ ability to manipulate the environment have made some biological adaptations obsolete.
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A 2012 literature survey by the British Lung Foundation identified cannabis smoke as a carcinogen and also found awareness of the danger was low, with 40% of under 35s thinking that cannabis (when smoked) was not harmful. Other observations include lack of research on the effect of cannabis smoke alone due to common mixing of cannabis and tobacco and frequent cigarette smoking by cannabis users; low rate of addiction compared to tobacco; and episodic nature of cannabis use compared to steady frequent smoking of tobacco. A 2013 literature review said that exposure to cannabis had biologically-based physical, mental, behavioral and social health consequences and was "associated with diseases of the liver (particularly with co-existing hepatitis C), lungs, heart, and vasculature". The authors cautioned that "evidence is needed, and further research should be considered, to prove causal associations of marijuana with many physical health conditions".
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Media coverage of mental illness comprises predominantly negative and pejorative depictions, for example, of incompetence, violence or criminality, with far less coverage of positive issues such as accomplishments or human rights issues.Edney, RD. (2004) Mass Media and Mental Illness: A Literature Review Canadian Mental Health Association Such negative depictions, including in children's cartoons, are thought to contribute to stigma and negative attitudes in the public and in those with mental health problems themselves, although more sensitive or serious cinematic portrayals have increased in prevalence. In the United States, the Carter Center has created fellowships for journalists in South Africa, the U.S., and Romania, to enable reporters to research and write stories on mental health topics. Former US First Lady Rosalynn Carter began the fellowships not only to train reporters in how to sensitively and accurately discuss mental health and mental illness, but also to increase the number of stories on these topics in the news media.
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Net reclassification improvement (NRI) is an index that attempts to quantify how well a new model reclassifies subjects - either appropriately or inappropriately - as compared to an old model.Leening MJG, Vedder MM, Witteman JCM, Pencina MJ, Steyerberg EW. Net reclassification improvement: computation, interpretation, and controversies: a literature review and clinician’s guide. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(2):122-131. While c-statistics or AUC has been the standard metric for quantifying improvements over the last few decades, several studies have analyzed the limitations of this metric including lack of clinical relevance and difficulty in interpretation of small magnitude changes.1\. Cook NR. Use and misuse of the receiver operating characteristic curve in risk prediction. Circulation. 2007;115(7):928-935.Pencina MJ, D’Agostino RB, Pencina KM, Janssens ACJW, Greenland P. Interpreting incremental value of markers added to risk prediction models. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;176(6):473-481. This limitation can be best seen in the example of HDL and Framingham Risk Score (FRS).
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PACE commissioned two studies, Sequelae Due to Bacterial Meningitis among African Children: A Systematic Literature Review, and Bacterial Infections in Persons with Sickle Cell Disease: A Review of Data from Africa with a Focus on Pneumococcal Disease, that highlighted the increased risk for children in Africa of contracting pneumococcal disease and suffering its devastating consequences. It was found that African children who contract pneumococcal disease are 36 times as likely to have sickle-cell disease, a blood disorder prevalent in African children that increases the risk for infectious diseases and early death. Inn addition, the research showed that up to one-half of all children in Africa who get pneumococcal meningitis will either die or be disabled as a consequence of the disease, even when treated with antibiotics in a hospital. As the three leading causes of bacterial meningitis in childhood are vaccine preventable, the regular use of conjugate vaccines would reduce the high burden of morbidity and mortality in both epidemic and endemic settings.
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According to a 2007 literature review by the Congressional Budget Office, "Over the past two decades, most efforts to estimate the fiscal impact of immigration in the United States have concluded that, in aggregate and over the long term, tax revenues of all types generated by immigrants—both legal and unauthorized—exceed the cost of the services they use." While the aggregate fiscal effects are beneficial to the United States, unauthorized immigration has small but net negative fiscal effects on state and local governments. According to the 2017 National Academy of Science report on immigration, one reason for the adverse fiscal impact on state and local governments is that "the federal government reimburses state and local entities a fraction of costs to incarcerate criminal aliens, the remaining costs are borne by local governments." A paper in the peer-reviewed journal Tax Lawyer from the American Bar Association concluded that illegal immigrants contribute more in taxes than they cost in social services.
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Respondents that self-identified as either conservative or moderate were found to be significantly more reluctant to express their political views to their colleagues for fear of negative consequences, and were more likely to believe that their colleagues would actively discriminate against them on the basis of their political beliefs. In January 2015, a major literature review co-written by psychologists José L. Duarte, Jarret T. Crawford, Jonathan Haidt, Lee Jussim, Philip E. Tetlock and sociologist Charlotta Stern summarized numerous studies of how academic psychology has little ideological diversity, that the ratio of liberal-to- conservative or Democratic-to-Republican professors has dramatically increased since 1990, that the disparity is undermining the quality of research in psychology, and that the main causes of the lack of ideological diversity are self-selection, hostile climate, and discrimination. In 2014, survey data from HERI indicated that the ratio of liberal-to-conservative college professors increased from 2:1 in 1995 to roughly 5:1 in 2014.
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Gordon and colleagues in a 2013 literature review said: "Unfortunately, methodological limitations in many of the reviewed studies, including selection bias, small sample size, limited generalizability, and lack of adjustment for tobacco smoking, may limit the ability to attribute cancer risk solely to marijuana use." Reviewing studies adjusted for age and tobacco use, they said there was a risk of lung cancer even after adjusting for tobacco use, but that the period of time over which the risk increases is uncertain. A 2013 review which specifically examined the effects of cannabis on the lung concluded "[f]indings from a limited number of well-designed epidemiological studies do not suggest an increased risk for the development of either lung or upper airway cancer from light or moderate use, although evidence is mixed concerning possible carcinogenic risks of heavy, long-term use." In 2013 the International Lung Cancer Consortium found no significant additional lung cancer risk in tobacco users who also smoked cannabis.
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After the publicity the MBH99 study had been given by the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), the "hockey stick controversy" developed in which the graph was targeted by those opposing ratification of the Kyoto Protocol on global warming, including Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas. Both were astrophysicists at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics: Soon had for a long time said that climate change was primarily due to solar variation, while Baliunas had previously been noted for disputing that man-made chemicals (halocarbon refrigerants such as CFCs) were causing ozone depletion. They prepared a literature review which used data from previous papers to argue that the Medieval Warm Period had been warmer than the 20th century, and that recent warming was not unusual. They sent their paper to one of the editors of Climate Research, Chris de Freitas, an opponent of action to curb carbon dioxide emissions who has been characterized by Fred Pearce as a "climate contrarian".
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Such studies place a high degree of importance on hypoxic influence, but because of familial pattern of the illness in some families, propose a genetic factor also; stopping short of concluding hypoxia to be the sole cause. Fetal hypoxia, in the presence of certain unidentified genes, has been correlated with reduced volume of the hippocampus, which is in turn correlated with schizophrenia. Although most studies have interpreted hypoxia as causing some form of neuronal dysfunction or even subtle damage, it has been suggested that the physiological hypoxia that prevails in normal embryonic and fetal development, or pathological hypoxia or ischemia, may exert an effect by regulating or dysregulating genes involved in neurodevelopment. A literature review judged that over 50% of the candidate genes for susceptibility to schizophrenia met criteria for "ischemia–hypoxia regulation or vascular expression" even though only 3.5% of all genes were estimated to be involved in hypoxia/ischemia or the vasculature.
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Hoy was also the author of 'The Present Status of the Australian Mammal Fauna', published in the Journal of Mammalogy in 1923, an important article that was not noticed until a literature review on the same topic at the end of that century. After investigation by an Australian researcher of the material deposited by Charles Hoy at the US Museum of Natural History, the records and interviews in his unpublished papers and letters were revealed and examined. The anecdotal and incidental material in his field notes had been disregarded by earlier researchers, containing little of use to the reductive approach of his contemporaries, but a valuable source of information to the pluralistic methods of the ecologists and others examining the catastrophic decline of Australian mammals. Hoy's informants of population declines included both the colonial and indigenous peoples of the regions he visited, who also assisted in locating or providing specimens of those mammal species which persisted.
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While the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) drew on five reconstructions to support its conclusion that recent Northern Hemisphere temperatures were the warmest in the past 1,000 years, it gave particular prominence to an IPCC illustration based on the MBH99 paper. The hockey stick graph was subsequently seen by mass media and the public as central to the IPCC case for global warming, which had actually been based on other unrelated evidence. From an expert viewpoint the graph was, like all newly published science, preliminary and uncertain, but it was widely used to publicise the issue of global warming, and it was targeted by those opposing ratification of the Kyoto Protocol on global warming. A literature review by Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas, published in the relatively obscure journal Climate Research on 31 January 2003, used data from previous papers to argue that the Medieval Warm Period had been warmer than the 20th century, and that recent warming was not unusual.
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A Joint report published by the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagostic Medicine (AANEM), the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R;) and the American Academy of Neurology defines practice parameters, standards and guidelines for EDX studies of CTS based on an extensive critical literature review. This joint review concluded median and sensory nerve conduction studies are valid and reproducible in a clinical laboratory setting and a clinical diagnosis of CTS can be made with a sensitivity greater than 85% and specificity greater than 95%. Given the key role of electrodiagnostic testing in the diagnosis of CTS, The American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine has issued evidence-based practice guidelines, both for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Numbness in the distribution of the median nerve, nocturnal symptoms, thenar muscle weakness/atrophy, positive Tinel's sign at the carpal tunnel, and abnormal sensory testing such as two-point discrimination have been standardized as clinical diagnostic criteria by consensus panels of experts.
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However the next year, a study reviewed a subset of the 2011 study's Single- nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and proposed that its methodology had skewed the results and that the red and eastern wolves are not hybrids but are in fact the same species separate from the gray wolf. The 2012 study proposed that there are three true Canis species in North America - the gray wolf, the western coyote, and the red wolf / eastern wolf, with the eastern wolf represented by the Algonquin wolf, with the Great Lakes wolf being a hybrid of the eastern wolf and the gray wolf, and the eastern coyote being a hybrid of the western coyote and the eastern (Algonquin) wolf. Also in 2011, a scientific literature review was undertaken to help assess the taxonomy of North American wolves. One of the findings proposed was that the eastern wolf is supported as a separate species by morphological and genetic data.
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The Center's panel findings were that the proposed rule was heavily dependent upon the analysis contained in a scientific literature review conducted in 2011 (Chambers et al.), that this work was not universally accepted, that the issue was "not settled", and that the rule does not represent the "best available science". In early 2016, an mDNA analysis of three ancient (300–1,900 years old) wolf-like samples from the southeastern United States found that they grouped with the coyote clade, although their teeth were wolf- like. The study proposed that the specimens were either coyotes and this would mean that coyotes had occupied this region continuously rather than intermittently, a North American evolved red wolf lineage related to coyotes, or an ancient coyote–wolf hybrid. Ancient hybridization between wolves and coyotes would likely have been due to natural events or early human activities, not landscape changes associated with European colonization because of the age of these samples.
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For more than ten years, social movement groups have been using the Internet to accomplish organizational goals. It has been argued that the Internet helps to increase the speed, reach and effectiveness of social movement-related communication as well as mobilization efforts, and as a result, it has been suggested that the Internet has had a positive impact on the social movements in general. The systematic literature review of Buettner & Buettner analyzed the role of Twitter during a wide range of social movements (2007 WikiLeaks, 2009 Moldova, 2009 Austria student protest, 2009 Israel-Gaza, 2009 Iran green revolution, 2009 Toronto G20, 2010 Venezuela, 2010 Germany Stuttgart21, 2011 Egypt, 2011 England, 2011 US Occupy movement, 2011 Spain Indignados, 2011 Greece Aganaktismenoi movements, 2011 Italy, 2011 Wisconsin labor protests, 2012 Israel Hamas, 2013 Brazil Vinegar, 2013 Turkey). Many discussions have been generated recently on the topic of social networking and the effect it may play on the formation and mobilization of social movement.
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As a major organ for excretion, the kidney removes waste materials and chemicals from the body, such as increased concentrations of intermediary metabolites of a particular pathway, making urine (the waste product from the kidney) particularly useful for medical diagnostics. The key advantages of using urine as a biofluid are: (1) its sterility; (2) accessibility and non- invasive method of collection; and (3) it being largely free from interfering proteins or lipids. Although the human urine metabolome is a subset of the human serum metabolome, more than 484 compounds identified in urine by Bouatra et al. (either experimentally or via literature review) were not previously reported to be in blood. The same group hypothesised that this is because the kidneys do an extraordinary job of removing and/or concentrating certain metabolites from the blood, hence, compounds far below the limit of detection in blood (using today’s instrumentation) are well above the detection limit in urine.
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Typical advantages attributed to biologic meshes include reducing the risk of infection (from using non-biologic surgical meshes) and is absorbed into the resulting scar as part of cellular ingrowth. Commonly described drawbacks include the high cost of the material and its uncertain clinical effectiveness, particularly in regards to the cost. An August 2015 follow-up literature review published by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health in particular addressed these drawbacks, concluding: > Based on the publications identified for the current report, there remains a > lack of sufficient evidence to guide clinical practice regarding the use of > biological mesh products ... Several surgical indications are addressed by > this collection of [randomized controlled trials (RCTs)] with relatively few > studies per indication. Therefore, it is not immediately apparent whether > this represents a significant amount of research on the clinical > effectiveness of any particular mesh product or for any specific patient > population that would support clinical decision making.
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Such modern selective breeding of plants for phytopathological resistance to particular fungal races involves a great deal of genetic research; this PI 313970 versus race S case involved multi-stage hybridization to propagate a recessive gene, pm-S in successive generations, and how this may affect other recessive and codominant genes for resistance to other races of P. xanthii "remains to be determined". A 2004 literature review regarding powdery mildew races that parasitize various cucurbit plants concluded that "race identification is important for basic research and is especially important for the commercial seed industry, which requires accuracy in declaring the type and level of resistance ... in its products". However, identifying specific races was seen as having little utility in horticulture for choosing specific cultivars, because of the rapidity with which the local pathogen population can change geographically, seasonally, and by host plant. At least three other Erysiphaceae fungi can cause powdery mildew in cucurbits: The most frequent, after P. xanthii, is Erysiphe cichoracearum, the former primary causal organism throughout most of the world.
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Only the latter form requires therapists trained in specific psychotherapeutic methods." After Lester Luborsky and colleagues published a literature review of empirical studies of psychotherapy outcomes in 1975, the idea that all psychotherapies are effective became known as the Dodo bird verdict, referring to a scene from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland quoted by Rosenzweig in his 1936 article; in that scene, after the characters race and everyone wins, the Dodo bird says, "everybody has won, and all must have prizes."The question of whether all psychotherapies are all roughly equally effective (known as the Dodo bird verdict) and the question of whether all effective psychotherapies share common factors (known as common factors theory) are two different questions: "Though many authors view outcome equivalence as the main reason to study common factors in psychotherapy, we cheerfully disagree. Regardless of outcome, it is noncontroversial to say that psychotherapies of many origins share several features of process and content, and it follows that better understanding the patterns of these commonalities may be an important part of better understanding the effects of psychotherapies.
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"CenturyOne bookstore.Ex-christian. Richard Wightman Fox, Professor of History at the University of Southern California, writing in Slate (April 2006) said, "Ultimately Tabor leaves the reader confused about whether he thinks the Jesus dynasty is a historical fact or merely an intriguing conjecture" and that "Tabor seems stuck in an endless loop, squinting across the sands of time as much as the terrain of Galilee and Judea, holding out for some imagined "real" contact with the historical Jesus" An extensive popular review by Jay Tolson appeared in the April 9, 2006 issue of U.S. News & World Report. Darrell Bock, professor of New Testament studies at Dallas Theological Seminary, writing for Christianity Today (May 2006) has said "Four major historical problems exist with Tabor's portrait beyond the mere world view issues that drive his portrait." Bert Jan Lietaert Peerbolte from the Theological University of Kampen writing in the Society of Biblical Literature Review of Biblical Literature (June 2007) was highly critical of the book saying, "Some books are written to spread knowledge, others to generate controversy.
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Cuff and Robin Bondway undertake an analysis of unemployment insurance and redistributive taxes and transfers in a framework that acknowledges the employment choices of individuals with varying levels of skilled talent. A literature review finds that existing literature on the topic of optimal unemployment insurance is primarily concerned with the moral hazard issues associated with insurance policies, where individuals with insurance may feel a false sense of protection from it and then engage in risky behaviour that they would not otherwise condone. Using a model that utilizes an adaptation of an extensive-margin approach, while taking into account involuntary unemployment due to search frictions whereby individuals may decide themselves how intensely to search for work, the paper tests a number of propositions on optimal wage taxes and income transfers. The paper finds that an optimal policy would address large-scale effects of changes in wages using a "piecewise linear wage tax", or an income bracket-based approach to taxation that is able to address a variety of different levels of skilled work and productivity.
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The authors explain a range of methodological obstacles to studying meditation scientifically, which have resulted in many flawed studies; they write that based on an exhaustive literature review by Davidson's research group, they selected only studies they deemed to meet the highest standards to use in the book. The authors write that meditation leads to reduced stress reactivity, for instance that 30 hours of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) practice leads to reduced amygdala activation and that long-term meditation practice increases connectivity between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala. Regarding compassion, they distinguish between cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, and empathic concern, the last of which results in action to help reduce suffering, and state that as little as eight hours of loving-kindness meditation can increase empathic concern. They write that meditation is at its core about retraining attention, and discuss studies showing that a small amount of meditation can improve attention in the short- term (as reflected, for instance, in a shorter attentional blink) while long- term practice brings lasting improvement.
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Three of Freund's works related to this topic are discussed below: In 2008, together with Antoni Estevadeordal and Emanuel Ornelas, she wrote a paper (titled "Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization Towards Non-Members") looking into the effects of regionalism on unilateral trade liberalization (a country's removal of their own trade barriers and restrictions) using data for ten Latin American countries from 1990 to 2001. The paper finds that although preferential tariffs (import tariffs that are lower for countries involved in a bilateral trade agreement than for countries not a part of the agreement) for a sector and that sector's common external tariff are positively related, this relationship does not appear in customs unions, in which a common external tariff must exist. As such, Freund and her co-authors conclude that claims asserting that preferential tariff liberalization has a negative effect on external tariff liberalization are not legitimate. In 2009, together with Emanuel Ornelas, she published a literature review (titled "Regional Trade Agreements") of theoretical and empirical research on regional trade agreements (RTA), which had been the most widespread form of trade liberalization since the mid-1990s.
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On March 2008 he published a new collection of poems, Flesh Gospel that he presented all around Italy (Turin, Milan, Genoa, Venice, Rome, XXI Turin International Bookfier) and in Europe; his poems will be published on French magazines Les Citadelles in Paris, Frau und Hunt in Germany, DiVersos in Portugal, on polish literature review Studium, ion the Literary Review Singapore, in Hong Kong' mag Softblow. In 2007, he founds the independent poetry press Edizioni Torino Poesia. In autumn 2008, Swiss publisher Edizioni Le Ricerche published the bilingual anthology Italian/French Poésies murmurées sur la berge du Pô. Six poètes de Turin Poésie, presented in Paris (in collaboration with the review Borborygmes), in Montepellier (Salon du Livre 2009) and in Marseille (Italian Institute of Culture); the independent American publisher Farfalla Press published Fratus's poem A Room in Jerusalem touring the USA in New York (Bowery Poetry Club), Burlington (University of Vermont) and Chicago (TH!NK art gallery, in collaboration with The Poetry Center), the bilingual anthologies Italian/English Double Skin (Ethos Books, Singapore, edited with Alvin Pang) and 5PX2 (Edinburgh, present in April 2009 at the Italian Cultural Institute, in collaboration with The Scottish Poetry Library).
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Goldovsky's legal career involved both defending people accused of political crimes as well as more remunerative commercial work. He represented railway investors and played a role in proposing a lucrative rail branch line for the Trans-Siberian Railway, benefiting the real estate holdings of his client, Aleksei Alexandrovich Lopukhin.Letter to Onissim Goldovsky and Aleksei Alexandrovich Lopukhin, 23 February 1910, [Moscow: Archive of Literature and Arts (RGALI)] At the same time, he was active in the formation of the Kadet party, advocating for constitutional democracy, women's emancipation, an end to official anti- Semitism, and, importantly, an end to the death penalty. His book, Against the Death Penalty, consisting of over 50 essays on the subject and his own world literature review, was published in 1906 to influence the actions of the first Duma, with a second edition the following year.Gol’dovskii, Onissim Borisovich, "Smertnaya Kazn’ pred sudom Evropy," in Gernet, M. N.; Gol’dovskii, O. B.; and Sakharov, I. N., Protiv Smertnoi Kazni, Second Edition, Moscow, 1907 Prior to its appearance, his wife and he moved temporarily to Paris during the 1905 revolution since, given his political activity, they considered themselves in danger.
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The reviews also found that, overall, while cochlear implants provide open set speech understanding for the majority of implanted profoundly hearing-impaired children, the efficacy of cochlear implants is highly variable, and that it was not possible to accurately predict the specific outcome of the given implanted child. A 2015 review examined whether CI implantation to treat people with bilateral hearing loss had any effect on tinnitus. This review found the quality of evidence to be poor and the results variable: overall total tinnitus suppression rates varied from 8% to 45% of people who received CI; decrease of tinnitus was seen in 25% to 72%, of people; for 0% to 36% of the people there was no change; increase of tinnitus occurred in between 0% to 25% of patients; and, in between 0 and 10% of cases, people who did not have tinnitus before the procedure, got it. A 2015 literature review on the use of CI for people with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder found that, as of that date, description and diagnosis of the condition was too heterogeneous to make clear claims about whether CI is a safe and effective way to manage it.
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Since then, several other synthesis methods have been developed. From the 1930s to 1960s, ibogaine was sold in France in the form of Lambarène, an extract of the Tabernanthe manii plant, and promoted as a mental and physical stimulant. The drug enjoyed some popularity among post-World War II athletes. Lambarène was withdrawn from the market in 1966 when the sale of ibogaine- containing products became illegal in France.Ibogaine: A Novel Anti-Addictive Compound – A Comprehensive Literature Review Jonathan Freedlander, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Journal of Drug Education and Awareness, 2003; 1:79–98. In the late 1960s, the World Health Assembly classified ibogaine as a “substance likely to cause dependency or endanger human health”; the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) assigned it Schedule I classification, and the International Olympic Committee banned it as a potential doping agent.Ibogaine – Scientific Literature Overview The International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service (ICEERS) 2012 Anecdotal reports concerning ibogaine's effects appeared in the early 1960s. Its anti-addictive properties were discovered accidentally by Howard Lotsof in 1962, at the age of 19, when he and five friends—all heroin addicts—noted subjective reduction of their craving and withdrawal symptoms while taking it.
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