For example, Appen, a company that collects data for machine learning for technology companies, employs more than 70 linguists and has thousands of other linguists that it can consult.
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For example, Appen, a company based in Australia that collects data for machine learning for technology companies, employs more than 70 linguists and has thousands of other linguists that it can consult.
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Linguists across the country pitched in to decipher the logs.
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Linguists have often referred to America as a "language graveyard".
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There can be a double standard for women, linguists say.
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So I made phone calls, spoke to rabbis, scholars, linguists.
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Most Singaporeans are not linguists with a gift for languages.
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Linguists and Seke speakers alike worry that it could disappear.
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Laughter, linguists will tell you, establishes closeness and conveys meaning.
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Linguists were quick to pick up on the unusual construction: The American Dialect Society, a group of linguists and language experts, named "9/11" its 2001 Word of the Year for its widespread popularity.
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The latter would surely tongue-tie even the most experienced linguists.
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There is no such thing as a Brooklyn accent, linguists say.
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Then came the backlash, from linguists and experts in sign languages.
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Now if only linguists could crack that tricky language Hodor spoke.
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Mr Garner has tangled with Mr Pinker and other descriptive linguists.
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But then some linguists created the Verbis Diablo for Season 2.
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Linguists make about $25-$35 an hour, according to the Guardian.
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Such judgments are purely social — to linguists, the distinctions are arbitrary.
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This is largely because linguists, unlike laypeople, focus on grammar, not vocabulary.
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But most linguists recommend sticking to insure when talking about financial matters.
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He codified these into several maxims of conversation now famous among linguists.
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"But people who aren't linguists tend to put them together," Singler said.
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In earlier years, the discussions were with serious philosophers, linguists, cognitive scientists.
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Throughout history, philosophers, linguists and scientists have argued eloquently for each possibility.
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Contact — followed by conversion — was the ultimate goal of the Christian linguists.
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But linguists who have compared languages systematically are struck by the opposite conclusion.
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Linguists disagree as to whether "vagina" and "penis" have proper equivalents in Burmese.
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Some linguists even suggest teaching children dialect in school to improve flagging standards.
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To find out, I checked in with linguists who focus on language acquisition.
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The distinction between "refugees" and "migrants" matters to lawyers as well as linguists.
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Women and men tend to have different speech patterns, linguists will tell you.
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But the Wade-Giles system, linguists have long agreed, is unwieldy and inaccurate.
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Google's voice assistant depends on the labor of hundreds of underpaid, subcontracted linguists.
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Q: How did you understand how linguists like your character Dr. Louise Banks work?
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A CENTURY and a half ago linguists invented a new map of the world.
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In fact, it took linguists themselves quite a while to work out the details.
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Behind the verbal acrobatics, though, linguists sense a much more calculating use of language.
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Two linguists in Brazil run the group Etnolinguistica as an homage to his work.
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To inspect the materials, the F.B.I. would need to reassign linguists from other cases.
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In August, the linguists proposed using an alphabet that largely followed the Turkish model.
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The first misapprehension about translators, Mr Hahn says, is that they are all brilliant linguists.
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Often they are linguists by training, or the "children of Russian diplomats" with fluent English.
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Those staff members could include "linguists, translators, or interpreters," wrote the three chairmen, including Rep.
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Other biologists, linguists and psychologists have probed the same question and have reached little consensus.
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Linguists have figured out a lot about the many different regional dialects of American English.
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No computational linguists, however, labored over imparting our rules of language to OpenAI's GPT-2.
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Linguists love the carefully designed creole spoken by the Belters, who live on various asteroids.
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Using "Motherese," as linguists call it, was reported to be part of Mr. Rogers's success.
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Yet to many linguists, Trump stands out for how often he deploys these conversational tics.
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Linguists call this "prosody," the ability to add correct stress, intonation or sentiment to spoken language.
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So how do today's data linguists figure out who wrote what, without confusing authorship and influence?
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What linguists sometimes call "genericisation" of brand names has a grimmer name among marketing types: "genericide".
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"I don't think this is a game that linguists are necessarily going to like," says Ingold.
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A feature noted by some linguists is "hypersynonymy" whereby many competing coinages express the same notion.
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Linguists have debated the pronunciation of his name, which strictly (some argue) should rhyme with Einstein.
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Contract jobs at Google include everything from linguists to Google Maps drivers to caterers to cleaners.
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In an accompanying vote, the linguists named "google" — the verb, that is — word of the decade.
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Along with an assortment of historians, ethnographers and linguists, he established the Central Jewish Historical Commission.
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Gretchen McCulloch: Strictly speaking, in terms of what linguists take as an object of study, no.
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They asked for interviews with any staff, including linguists or translators, privy to any such exchanges.
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Heroes can be nebbishy linguists, math-loving girls, eloquent orators, soft-spoken housebuilders and excellent arguers.
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Linguists critiqued that view heavily in the 613s and '70s, and it remains unpopular these days.
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Here, expert linguists share their tips for staying productive and connected when you're working from home.
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The linguists I talked to all explained that Kennedy's accent is something of a rarity today.
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The bible for these educators is a body of research produced by linguists, psychologists and cognitive scientists.
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This is hard for many others, because pronouns are a "closed" class of words, according to linguists.
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Academic linguists, the arch-descriptivists, are perfectly willing to call some usages wrong and others plain ugly.
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The prevailing belief among linguists had been that the sounds used to form those words were arbitrary.
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They should tickle the funny bones as well as the brains of little linguists and mini-mathematicians.
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Computational linguists translate these rules into the programming code that a computer can use to process language.
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Why are some linguists concerned about possible ethnocentric or racist interpretations that might arise from the study?
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Linguists and translators patrolled a ring of television sets to check subtitles and dubs in a dozen languages.
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The answer, according to a group of linguists and NGOs from the four countries, is a resounding "yes".
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Linguists, however, maintain that the diversity of native languages in the Americas could not have arisen so quickly.
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She also points out that linguists have looked at the role of random drift in language change before.
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But some professional linguists are watching with unease as artists, journalists and other amateur researchers enter their field.
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CULTURE: The Basque language is something of an anomaly for linguists as it is unrelated to any other.
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I presented this idea many years ago to a number of distinguished linguists, including Gregory Nagy, of Harvard.
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Most linguists feel that understanding sentences shows greater mastery of a new language than does simple vocabulary improvement.
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The majority of linguists and animal-communication experts maintain that language is restricted to a single species: ourselves.
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Linguists divide the Midwest into three main regions, whose durable speech patterns reflect different waves of European settlement.
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So I was curious if professional linguists and historians could help us figure out what makes Trump unique.
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Researchers will also work with linguists to advance Natural Language Understanding – machines' ability to understand and process human language.
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After a nomination process, a committee of linguists, etymologists, grammarians, historians, writers, and more vote on the top word.
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Saarländers are linguists by necessity and have good links to Brussels and Paris, giving them advantages in European politics.
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Furthermore, they need not remain true to their etymological roots, a belief known to linguists as the "etymological fallacy".
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Using more words that linguists consider "social" in an article may also prompt readers to think about sharing it.
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He also gently chides his fellow-linguists for their inability to present convincing arguments in favor of vernacular language.
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The linguists and lexicographers vote on words based on their predominance in headlines and widespread use throughout the country.
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In 2012, he and a small team of linguists and programmers launched the precursor to FirstVoices Keyboards: FirstVoices Chat.
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A dictum among linguists is that languages differ not in what they can express, but in what they must.
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For decades, linguists have documented how Hispanics descended from those early settlers in the Southwest are shifting to English.
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When it comes to pinched nasal vowels and strongly pronounced r's (a phenomenon linguists call rhoticity), I'm With Her.
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As recently as July 2017, a team of forensic linguists published research they believed confirmed Hay as the author.
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The agency said it would also have to hire and train additional people, including more linguists, to screen the accounts.
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People really do say the opposite of what they mean all the time, a type of error linguists call "misnegation".
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Like the original Yucca group, it consisted of an eclectic mix of engineers, astronomers, linguists, anthropologists, archaeologists, geologists, and artists.
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Plus about 1,500,000 freelance linguists work in this industry, many of whom are more specialized than professionals in other industries.
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But linguists have found that dialects are rule-governed, coherent and fully expressive, and have written extensive grammars of them.
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Some aspects of the film's treatment of linguistics were either misguided or stood in stark contrast to how linguists operate.
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Linguists might dispute the term—languages have verbs, emoji (probably) do not—but the emojicabulary continues to expand every year.
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Yes, but: Some linguists contacted by Axios were skeptical the study's findings were novel and said historical data is incomplete.
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Linguists often regard jargon as a way to boost efficient communication within a group or community and create internal ties.
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Linguists have attempted to make an objective assessment of the relative difficulty of languages by breaking them down into parts.
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But as linguists note, spoken English has been tending that way for many years, long before the issue became politicized.
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Barack Obama's speeches have been analyzed for their cadence, and linguists have examined President Donald Trump's speaking patterns at length.
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In 2014 he proposed introducing mandatory high-school classes in Ottoman Turkish, which survives today only among linguists, historians and clerics.
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Since all languages are spoken but most have no written tradition, linguists traditionally focus on speech and see writing as secondary.
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What words mean is generally determined another way: most linguists believe that they simply mean what people use them to mean.
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South Germany's border with north Germany would track what linguists call the Uerdingen line separating "high" and "low" dialects of German.
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How do linguists feel about the adaptability of these emblems, and to what extent can they become a replacement for language?
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The team worked with linguists to create a comprehensive list of negative words and phrases that tell Slutbot to back off.
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In recent years, a few thousand of these interpreters have enjoyed access under the Special Immigrant Visa program for Afghan linguists.
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Developed by more than 100 expert linguists, Babbel will help you learn a foreign language in an interactive and intuitive manner.
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The authors, linguists and psychoanalysts, investigate Emily's use of pronouns, and the contrast between her private speech and her social speech.
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Gutzlaff, for instance, was one of the most talented linguists of his age and he wound up interpreting for opium smugglers.
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This collaboration finds common ground with Vallejo's E-40, one of hip-hop's premier linguists, who politely raps circles around them.
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Over the last 50 years, a collaboration among archaeologists, linguists, botanists, ecologists, geologists and more had produced some form of consensus.
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When linguists study accents and dialects, they listen for "features" that help differentiate one speaking style or characteristic from the next.
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According to linguists, there was a shift around World War II where features like R-lessness started to become less pronounced.
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Behind the scenes, Editor is powered by machine learning and an actual team of linguists that helped it fine tune its suggestions.
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In fact, it's linguists have written up some great tips for people who want to help refugees learn languages in a series.
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During the campaign, I was curious if professional linguists and historians could help us figure out what makes Trump's speaking style unique.
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The forthcoming release of the Hieroglyphs is actually part of a much larger consortium of typographers, digital humanists, computer scientists, and linguists.
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"The Coens are visionary directors, masterful storytellers, and colorful linguists," Cindy Holland, Netflix's vice president of original content, said in a statement.
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Many linguists accept that there is a critical period in an infant and young child's life that they're particularly sensitive to language.
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The imperfect data that linguists have collected indicates that "I feel like" became more common toward the end of the last century.
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Linguists though would like to see a wider acceptance of "they" and other pronouns that don't go hand-in-hand with gender.
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More memorable was what linguists named the "most outrageous" word of 1990 — the newly coined phrase "politically correct," or "PC" for short.
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The ICIJ also said it vetted the cables with several linguists and Xinjiang researchers, and corroborated the contents with former Xinjiang detainees.
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Economists, linguists, anthropologists and even manufacturers put forth their own grand ideas, publishing unified theories of everything from surgical shock to employment.
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It's missing what linguists call compositionality: a way of constructing the meaning of a complex sentence from the meaning of its parts.
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"The Coens are visionary directors, masterful storytellers and colorful linguists," Cindy Holland, Netflix's vice president of original content, said in a statement.
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WordNet was an effort by psychologists and linguists to provide a "conceptual dictionary," where words were organized into hierarchies of related meaning.
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Meanwhile linguists across the globe struggle to deduce the true interpretation, igniting the short fuses of military officials and a frightened global populace.
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Two years later, in 1954, an IBM machine, in collaboration with linguists at Georgetown, was able to translate 60 Russian sentences into English.
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They worked with Navajo linguists alongside Rick Dempsey, senior vice president of Disney Character Voices to bring the roles to the big screen.
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Some were irregular, which linguists have hypothesized may be because those forms pleasingly rhyme with other words being used frequently at the time.
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It's impressive and amazing how linguists and paleoanthropologists can create a rich picture of life, including sounds and emotions, from fossils and artifacts.
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According to a study conducted by two linguists who analyzed dialogue from Disney movies, men still hold the majority of onscreen speaking time.
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Anyways, lots of linguists look at Esperanto as an interesting curiosity, but not something that can be studied as intensely as natural languages.
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There are a few articles and some work done by linguists, but a general history remains elusive; the voice is everywhere and nowhere.
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In addition to the troops, the prison employs Defense Department contract linguists, intelligence analysts, consultants, laborers, information technology professionals and other government workers.
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But linguists involved in the work say that even if Taushiro dies with Amadeo, a record of it will be kept, at least.
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"Our product is the best for them," Hansen said, and noted that the company employs hundreds of teachers and linguists to create its lesson.
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According to the linguists, nature and natural science accounted for 38% of misspelled words, followed by words related to medicine, arts, politics, and law.
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Helman's theories are part of a group effort by ethicists, planetary scientists, linguists, and other scientific and arts scholars to prepare for extraterrestrial contact.
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Linguists, psychologists and computer scientists are discovering that what we collectively share on social media, and when, can signal information about our mental health.
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It's difficult for linguists to explain to people we meet what it is that we do, and why we are so fascinated with it.
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The ding-dong perfectly encapsulates the way academic linguists (especially sociolinguists, who focus on things like class) see standard English, and how teachers do.
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It's quite impossible for young users or for trained linguists to predict which expressions will catch on and for how long they may survive.
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Linguists think the phrase "badger someone" came from their relentless salesmanship — either that, or the occupation derives from "bagger," someone who carries a bag.
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Although several linguists documented the grammar of the Wukchumni language in the 20th century, Ms. Wilcox's dictionary is the longest work of its kind.
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The film's premise hinges on the idea, shared by many linguists and philosophers of language, that we do not all experience the same reality.
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While most linguists consider Newfinese a dialect, not a language, many concede that it is one of the most distinctive dialects in the world.
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What's emanating from your throat should sound unpolished, marked by cracking and what linguists call ingressive phonation, or vocalizing as you suck in breath.
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Linguists have documented how new generations of Latinos around the country are steadily shifting to English, just as descendants of other immigrants have done.
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Some linguists think that is how click consonants found their way into Bantu speech: in words borrowed from Khoisan languages, which use clicks extensively.
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There's other problems with studying belching—the sounds tend to blow out the sensitive equipment linguists use to break sounds into their component pieces.
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Other linguists say the language was just as precise as any non-phonetic language we use today, like traffic signs or signs in airports.
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Critics also love "Arrival," a sci-fi movie about linguists trying to communicate with space aliens who may actually not be trying to kill us.
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In it, a mysterious visitation by aliens prompts the Earth's linguists to ponder the nature of our language and thus, duh-duh-dum, time itself.
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To get things right, Canva has been working with local linguists for each language, working through everything from the company's emails to interactions with bloggers.
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In 2009 two linguists published a widely cited paper called "The myth of language universals", which seemed to find exceptions to other putatively universal rules.
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Linguists and historians (and Johnson) point out that singular they has deep historical roots: in the King James Bible, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Jane Austen and beyond.
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In that case, rather than developing a new, alien language, the linguists were tasked with recreating, to the best of their abilities, a dead language.
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In accompanying votes, linguists voted "web" the word of the decade, "jazz" the word of the 20th century, and "she" the word of the millennium.
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Since then, American spies, engineers, cryptologists and linguists have flocked to Alice Springs, the small town closest to the base, to work at the facility.
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Linguists had to devise ways to distinguish between sounds, like different ways of pronouncing "r", without using diacritics, which add an extra step in typing.
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Placek said Lexicon's network of global linguists complete an initial research evaluation of each brand name and ensure the name does not carry negative associations.
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Linguists and copy editors look at how the punctuation has adapted across history, literature, and internetspeak in this week's episode of Explained, now on Netflix.
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Linguists, nomenclatural researchers, and the people that interact with me on Twitter agree: baseball name technology has taken a remarkable leap forward in recent years.
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According to the linguists who write the Phrasefinder website, the expression 'bringing home the bacon' might have its origins in the village of Little Dunmow, England.
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Linguists have studied the relative effects of strong ties (friends, family) and weaker acquaintanceships in such patterns, hypothesising that small communities would host more stable languages.
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For multi-linguists there are services such as Translators Without Borders, which depends on volunteers to translate millions of words for a number of international causes.
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However, research in the last decade by neurologists, psychologists and linguists, using the latest brain-imaging tools, is revealing a swathe of cognitive benefits for bilinguals.
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Google uses "ums" and "ahs" in conversation, a phenomenon linguists refer to as "speech disfluencies," according Google's vice president of engineering for Google Assistant, Scott Huffman.
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They are all over the globe in a wide spectrum of roles — infantry officers, armor platoon leaders, drill sergeants, intelligence specialists, Arabic linguists, nuclear reactor operators.
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Viewers could see that the action on their television did not match the voice-over, and state linguists petitioned the Central Committee to update the text.
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Then, in the mid-1950s, a group of rebellious psychologists, linguists, information theorists, and early artificial-intelligence researchers came up with a different conception of the mind.
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Today, DoD linguists also translate mass amounts of documents—but the Department receives more documents on a daily basis than it has the human capacity to translate.
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Data linguists Carmen Fought and Karen Eisenhauer analyzed all dialogue in Disney princess films and found that men have three times as many lines as female characters.
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So it annoys linguists to no end to hear the latter "rule" associated with "grammar", while the real, intricate grammar already embedded in the mind is ignored.
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What's new: Techniques used by biologists to study genetic changes have been honed, and linguists can now use them to analyze the large amounts of digitized texts.
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We talked to a couple of linguists who specialize in American dialects, and found that, well, the accent is just as trustworthy as the maniacal lawmaker himself.
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Few linguists, including Everett, would wave away all of these alternate syntax models and claim that language is nothing but tossing words together in culturally rooted ways.
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A gender-neutral pronoun, "hen," was introduced in 22 and was swiftly absorbed into mainstream Swedish culture, something that, linguists say, has never happened in another country.
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Burps, too, can be an important part of a conversation, but linguists have struggled to study their paralinguistic aspects because there's not much burping data to study.
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First spoken by medieval Jews living on the Rhine, it is thought that Yiddish grew out of German (though linguists such as Paul Wexler have offered contrasting theories).
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Last year, forensic linguists said they have likely unraveled the mystery surrounding a famous Civil War-era letter, long believed to have been written by President Abraham Lincoln.
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Tara McAllister Byun, a New York University linguist, passed along the findings, as did other linguists, noting that the velar pinch toward the end really seals the deal.
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In some cases, the erased texts have increased the known vocabulary of a language by up to 50 percent, giving new hope to linguists trying to decipher them.
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In schools, each group has its own national curriculum and each is taught in the Serb, Croat or Bosnian language, although linguists say they are essentially one language.
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Most slang users, though, only employ exotic terms and abbreviations sparingly and grasp what linguists call the skill of "appropriacy", using the right language in the right context.
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FOR half a century, language experts have fallen into two camps, with most lexicographers and academic linguists on one side, and traditionalist writers and editors on the other.
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The news is met with a mixture of excitement and trepidation, and an international consortium of scientists, linguists, and mathematicians work around the clock to decipher the message.
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For the most part, ethnographers and linguists are helpless in the face of the gradual erasure of collective memory that goes along with this loss of linguistic diversity.
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Moreover, there are plenty of historians, linguists and professors who wish to read in their original Latin form works like "The Aeneid" by Virgil or "Metamorphoses" by Ovid.
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Linguists have long argued for this, but none of them, who stick to writing dissertations, have made an AI engine and attempted to prove their hypothesis is correct.
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This puzzle touches on one of the core beliefs of most linguists — namely, that nonstandard linguistic features such as "alls I know" should be embraced rather than disparaged.
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Ms. Alicea's decision to move the children to Puerto Rico remains a shock to linguists who know of Taushiro, arguing that her choice all but guaranteed its extinction.
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Studying language online is a bit like that: trends appear and disappear, platforms rise and fall, and these let linguists observe dynamics that would otherwise take too much time.
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Some linguists believe that the word comes from the "secret language" of Polari, which was created and used by queer people in Britain in the 19th and 20th century.
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And Mazal's job is to figure out the most pressing business objectives and user needs and then work with everyone from engineers to linguists to come up with solutions.
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Boris Johnson has long spun political gold from his magniloquent tongue, using what some linguists and observers say bombastic language, esoteric vocabulary, occasional crudity and episodes of bumbling bluster.
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Tracking word usage and popularity among millions may be the job of linguists, but individuals, too, can benefit from knowing how their favored words change from year to year.
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He said that even linguists like himself, or well-trained imams who have memorized the Quran, will make occasional grammatical errors if called upon to speak the language spontaneously.
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But the debate is considered by some linguists to be one of the most important in the social sciences, with implications for evolutionary theory, neuroscience, and "human nature" itself.
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But many criticized Dr. Hockett's idea, which he ultimately abandoned — and that was even before linguists began favoring the brain's role in guiding language over social or physical influences.
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Shortly after finishing a linguistics Ph.D. at Berkeley in 1980, Ken Whistler was frustrated by the inability of mainframe computers to print the specialized phonetic symbols that linguists use.
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Get a lifetime pass to Babbel Babbel was designed with the help of over 100 linguists and has won over millions of users with its easy-to-use interface.
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If emojis can be seen as the virtual equivalent of body language, as some linguists have argued, then GIFs could be seen as representing particularly outsized gestures, experts say.
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" – Alexander Hamilton , Federalist No. 26 TIME OUT: STOP MAKING SENSE Atlantic: "Many of the earliest defenders of Darwinism were linguists who saw similarities between the evolution of languages and species.
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Command Z WASHINGTON — What happens when 334 linguists, lexicographers, grammarians and etymologists gather in a stuffy lecture hall on a Friday night to debate the lexical trends of the year?
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Training on parallel texts (which linguists call corpora, the plural of corpus) creates a "translation model" that generates not one but a series of possible translations in the target language.
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There is a particular kind of speech that philosophers and linguists call "speech acts", described by J.L. Austin in his book "How to Do Things with Words", published in 1962.
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While still in graduate school, he presented an influential paper proposing a historical relationship between Gullah and Jamaican creoles and informal African-American speech, known to linguists as black vernacular.
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Boris Johnson has long spun political gold from his magniloquent tongue, using what some linguists and observers describe as bombastic language, esoteric vocabulary, occasional crudity and episodes of bumbling bluster.
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Unbabel enables multilingual communication across 28 languages with a mix of artificial intelligence and a crowd of 50,000 mobile linguists, integrating with platforms like Salesforce, Zendesk, Mailchimp and Facebook Messenger.
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Take your pick from these options on sale: Developed by over 100 expert linguists, Babbel teaches via bite-sized lessons so you can learn something new despite your busy schedule.
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They are aggressively recruiting communications specialists and linguists to assist them in preventing the kind of extremist attacks that made 2015 and 2016 into some of the bloodiest in Europe.
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With the vote, linguists acknowledged the power of hashtags to convey social and political messages, as #blacklivesmatter did in addressing the deaths of African-Americans at the hands of police.
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The language Portis has invented for these colorful characters is hilarious and easy to follow — silly perfection, and maybe even an inspiration for little linguists to make up their own.
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PARIS (Reuters) - France's foreign intelligence service is bolstering recruitment to counter Islamist militants and cyber criminals, but it is looking for computer wizards and linguists not would-be James Bonds.
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Another study by an international team of anthropologists and linguists found that of 1,057 everyday requests — whether for some resource, some service, or some support — almost 90% were immediately fulfilled.
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The Jena outfit, evenly split between geneticists, archaeologists and linguists, was set up to address questions of this order, in studies designed to include each discipline's contributors as full partners.
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Linguists in Nigeria have already set up a school called the Naija Languej Akademi, and hope to create the first reference guide for Pidgin English, including an alphabet and comprehensive dictionary.
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These sounds, which are now present in the vast majority of all human languages, are what linguists call labiodental consonants—sounds produced by pressing our upper teeth to our lower lip.
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According to research by linguists Carmen Fought and Karen Eisenhauer, in nearly every Disney film, the male characters speak a far greater percentage of the dialogue than the female characters do.
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Memorize what Berry refers to as the lip reader's alphabet, which mostly consists of clusters of consonants that look the same on the lips (linguists call such a group a "viseme").
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The word's casual use in German is interesting to linguists, given its somewhat taboo nature in English, said Anatol Stefanowitsch, a professor of English linguistics at the Free University in Berlin.
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With the beginnings of research into the field of emoji, Egyptologists, cognitive linguists and communication experts have started debating the similarities between the two communication systems and what sets them apart.
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One day, in a future without football, linguists will study the arcane and mysterious language of the transfer window, with its 'swoops', its 'raids' and its sacrosanct 'come-and-get-me plea'.
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In addition to the videos, Voiceflow networks with its community directly on Facebook, where more than 2,500 developers, linguists, educators, designers and entrepreneurs actively discuss the voice app design and development process.
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New approach to endangered languages The success of the Irish course has cultivated a mini revolution inside Duolingo, which now employs 190 designers, developers, linguists, computer scientists and other staff in Pittsburgh.
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But she worked as his assistant and attended some of his lectures, and he employed her to fact-check the work of early ethnologists and linguists who had studied the Plains Indians.
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That means that even if legislative linguists on Capitol Hill craft a way out for everyone, there is no guarantee that an unpredictable President, answering only to his gut, will buy it.
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" One of the region's top linguists, Bernd Saur, also had advice for the students, according to the BBC: "I urge the pupils to await their results — nobody's going to get a whacking.
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First Words The phrase "I do," in the context of a marriage ceremony, is what linguists call a "performative utterance" — words that don't simply mean or imply but actually enact a change.
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So it spoke volumes when the top linguists who make up the group voted to crown the singular pronoun "they" as the Word of the Decade at its annual meeting on Friday.
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Some linguists, like John McWhorter, insist that "the world looks the same in any language" — and argue that claiming otherwise risks fetishizing some cultures ("Italians are a romantic people") and demeaning others.
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Donald Trump may do a good "drunk uncle at Thanksgiving" impersonation at his rallies, but amid all that rambling is a man who is actually precise about what he says, according to linguists.
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Due to these high percentages, Heathrow has set up its Little Linguists initiative to inspire children to read by creating Mr. Adventure-themed flashcards that include simple phrases in French, German, and Mandarin.
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Not long ago, for example, "queer" was considered a pejorative for gays and lesbians; now it has become what linguists call a reclaimed epithet — a word adopted by a group in empowering defiance.
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This is where U.S. analysts and linguists come in to shed light on these dimensions as well as to relay complex data, accurately contextualized, across the decision making apparatus and often with allies.
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Linguists can't precisely pinpoint when "button-down" was redefined from cutting-edge collegiate to uniformly conformist, but the marketing expertise of the Gantmacher brothers of Brooklyn probably had something to do with it.
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The pungent reaction baffled linguists, who had long appreciated—and begun to seriously study—the "languageness" of Black English and other informal speech variants, such as Jamaican Patois, Swiss German, and Haitian Creole.
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For example, Far Cry Primal's developers brought in a pair of linguists—Andrew Byrd and his wife Brenna, who we interviewed here—to help develop a Proto-Indo-European language for their game.
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This summer in Fort Yukon, around 30 elders, all fluent in a dialect of Gwich'in, and a team of linguists from The Language Conservancy met for a session of the Language Revitalization Institute.
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We know a lot by now about the content of the President's tweets, thanks to linguists like Jennifer Sclafani and political commentators who analyze them with the care of Cold War-era Kremlinologists.
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An international team of linguists from the language-learning app Babbel partnered with Merriam-Webster to analyze a decade's worth of words and find out what knocked out Bee contestants in the final round.
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And Eminem, who faced criticism for degrading black women in early recordings, was known then and now for his verbal dexterity and for being one of the greatest linguists the genre has ever produced.
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These methods were used by the seafarers exploring the New World and are occasionally employed today by anthropologists and linguists, like Daniel Everett who spent decades working with the Pirahã people in the Amazon.
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When drawing up a list in a new language, What3Words' linguists toss out homophones, and also any words that may create offence, such as "fondle", in English, or, in Arabic, words for alcoholic drinks.
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Previously, Iraqis who worked for the U.S. government, most as combat linguists serving on mission with the U.S. Armed Forces, could apply to the Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) program as a pathway to safety.
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But then the American accent has stayed mostly the same while it's the British accent, that is absent of the R sound (or "non-rhotic" as linguists would say), that is a new creation.
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That's the question many may expect a linguist to answer about Tom Wolfe's The Kingdom of Speech, a chronicle in high Wolfean about — to put it narrowly — a debate between linguists about sentence structure.
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The video was released almost simultaneously in Arabic and English, with subtitles in Farsi, Hebrew, Mandarin, Russian, Turkish and other languages, so its animators probably also had the help of a team of linguists.
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To create "Ahlan Simsim," the International Rescue Committee and Sesame Workshop last year held brainstorming sessions in Lebanon and Jordan with early childhood specialists, psychologists, linguists, writers and artists, according to Mr. Cameron's post.
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Working with Amadeo, government linguists have created a database of 1,500 Taushiro words, 27 stories and three songs, with plans to make recordings of Amadeo available to academics and others interested in the language.
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Linguists, who had recommended that the new writing system follow the example of Turkish, which uses umlauts and other phonetic markers instead of apostrophes, protested that the president's approach would be ugly and imprecise.
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Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads Has there ever been a time when artists from writing cultures have not been intrigued by the expressive character of what linguists sometimes refer to as "visible language"?
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"If you're going to understand the details of an airstrike, you going to need a higher rating than a three," he said, referring to the language scale that the State Department uses to rate linguists.
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The word "Watergate" has transformed through what linguists call "semantic broadening": the process by which a word takes on additional meanings, most often toward the more generic or to an entity with an analogous trait.
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They performed a variety of tasks assisting the mostly male chess geniuses, linguists, mathematicians and rogue intellectuals struggling to unscramble German military communications written in the devilishly complex disguise generated by so-called Enigma machines.
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But in fact, these scholars are as fascinated by "exotic" languages as other linguists, and if the stereotype of them building their theories on their own English was ever valid, it was 40 years ago.
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Speaking to NPR affiliate WBUR, Social Sentinel's founder and CEO, Gary Margolis, says the company worked with linguists and psychologists to train its AI on missives of students who went on to harm themselves or others.
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The company is also working with linguists to preserve some of Russia's most vulnerable languages, like Mari (500,000 speakers), Udmurt (324,000 speakers), and Hill Mari (23,000 speakers), all of which are available only on Yandex Translate.
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More than 503 expert linguists helped develop Babbel, the No.1 top-grossing language learning app in the world, which focuses on crafting your language skills as a beginner all the way to an advanced speaker.
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But there was a lesser-known change that was also initiated that day — a change to the English language, one that has caught the attention of linguists and shaped the way we talk about terrorist attacks.
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The new hires will join an array of workers at Facebook already building the "Facebook Assistant," including product designers, data-operations linguists, machine-learning engineers, voice-user-interface designers, and product marketers, according to LinkedIn profiles.
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Linguists estimate that 50 to 280 percent of the world's languages will disappear by the end of the century, and four in 21980 indigenous languages are at risk of disappearing, according to UN human rights experts.
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The practice of separating children from their families drew widespread condemnation, and linguists paid especially close attention to the "tender-age" designation, which some called a euphemism meant to downplay the harsh conditions of the facilities.
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Top Trump administration officials have stumbled over the agreement's shorthand, which linguists say is tricky to verbalize because it is an initialism rather than an acronym, like Nafta, which slides off the lips like a word.
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Recently, a team of linguists analyzed cognates shared by a big range of different language families, including Uralic (which includes Finnish and Hungarian), Dravidian (which includes South Indian languages), and Inuit-Yupik (which includes Arctic languages).
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The letter asked the White House to make available for interview by the committees any translators, interpreters, linguists or other staff members who listened to conversations between Putin and Trump, either via telephone or in person.
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Around the same time, I read on Language Log (a blog run by an international supergroup of academic linguists) that the American Dialect Society had recently announced "DUMPSTER FIRE" as their 2016 Word of the Year.
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But this nondescript, seven-story brick building is also the improbable home to some of the last speakers of a rare, unwritten language from Nepal that linguists worry could disappear within a generation, if not sooner.
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"I don't know if it has a chilling effect at the workforce level because most of the men and women, analysts and linguists, are not tied to any of the political nonsense at headquarters," Anderson said.
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The Vonyich manuscript (Image: Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale University)Since its discovery over a hundred years ago, the 240-page Voynich manuscript, filled with seemingly coded language and inscrutable illustrations, has confounded linguists and cryptographers.
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Part silly fan event, part serious nerdery, Emojicon brought together people and organizations involved with all aspects of emoji from internet linguists to designers to members of the Unicode Consortium, the organization that oversees "official" emoji creation.
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Click here to view original GIFAccording to a bunch of fancy linguists, people who are more sensitive to written typos and grammatical errors are indeed the kinds of Type A assholes everyone already suspects them to be.
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The far-right party Alternative for Germany has so often insulted opponents with "Gutmensch" — or do-gooder — that a jury of linguists and writers chose it as the worst word — or Unwort — of the year in 2015.
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That's the question raised by the research, conducted by cognitive scientists and linguists at M.I.T., the University of Potsdam and the University of California, San Diego, who surveyed people during the run-up to the 2016 election.
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In metropolitan Los Angeles, an area with more than 4 million Spanish speakers — more than Uruguay's entire population — linguists say that a new dialect has coalesced as different types of Spanish come into contact with one another.
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These days, linguists might say online laughter has more of a "discourse function," said Ms. McSweeney, who analyzed 45,000 text messages from bilingual young adults, noting that 14 percent of all the messages had LOL in them.
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Siri parsed the question perfectly properly, but the reply was absurd, violating the rules of what linguists call pragmatics: the shared knowledge and understanding that people use to make sense of the often messy human language they hear.
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Google claims that it can correctly identify the subjects, objects, verbs, and other grammatical building blocks of sentences as well (or, in some cases, better) as trained human linguists — achieving 94 percent accuracy on English-language news articles.
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Dr. Lin said the "current received wisdom" among linguists is that the widespread misunderstanding has something to do with the way Mr. Trump speaks and the unusual way he has used a phrase that many people find unfamiliar.
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Alpha was adapted from aleph, the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet, the sound of which was barely a sound at all—it was more like the brief redirection of breath known to linguists as a glottal stop.
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In the six years since, GIF pronunciation debates have intermittently flared up on the internet, typically during slow news weeks and almost always offering some new perspective—asking what linguists think, chalking it up to regional differences, etc.
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That was just one transcription error captured in a soon-to-be published study that found court reporters in Philadelphia regularly made errors in transcribing sentences that were spoken in a dialect that linguists term African-American English.
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They often agreed, as he had hoped, with the findings of linguists and archaeologists: suggesting, for example, that humanity arose in Africa, where it stayed for a long time before moving outwards, somewhere between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago.
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Buy now: $19.99, formerly $49.99 iDrive Unlimited Mobile Backup See Details While most spell check utilities make it feel like a robot is editing your work, Grammarly is the writing app built by linguists and language lovers (human ones).
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In a classic book, "Metaphors We Live By", George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, two linguists, use the fact that metaphors like this chime with each other as evidence that they are deeply rooted and so strongly influence people's thinking.
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The proposal is part of a larger effort between the Unicode Consortium, ancient linguists, font designers, and the federal government to attempt to study, preserve, and then digitally represent ancient and endangered languages through the use of computer code.
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Well, I'd want one, someone of statesman-like, upstanding character—like Walter Cronkite, or [Barack] Obama, or Colin Powell, or Gandhi—and two, someone who would seek the counsel and accumulated wisdom of social scientists, historians, linguists, and astronomers.
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While most linguists think language abilities are universal and haven't really changed over the course of human history, the new study suggested that over the past few thousand years, agriculture fostered the arrival of new sounds in human voices.
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Linguists debate whether this muted effect is the result of a failure to release a final, teensy puff of air, or of something happening way down inside the throat, in the space between the vocal cords called the glottis.
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A product of the English-speaking elite who rarely spoke Chinese dialects, including Mandarin, Mr. Lee held the popular idea, discredited by linguists, that language was a zero-sum game: speaking more of one meant less mastery of another.
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Some linguists, like Deborah Tannen of Georgetown University, argue that women and men tend to have different goals when talking: men are more likely to seek status and exchange information, whereas women are more likely to seek connection and exchange affirmation.
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Priced at $29 per month in its paid workspaces, voice agencies that have a larger staff — including linguists, voice user interface designers and developers, for example — can all work together on one board, share projects and hand off assets more easily.
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It is most commonly known among linguists as "paralipsis" ("to leave to the side"), a tool employed by the great Roman debater Cicero and Anglo-Irish satirist Jonathan Swift that allows a speaker to effectively say two things at once.
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And advocates of autonomy in Italy invoke cultural and linguistic identity far less than secessionists in Spain (even though, for over a thousand years, Venice was an independent republic, and its dialect is considered a separate language by many linguists).
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Although "human capital" is an unsightly term—in 2004 a panel of German linguists deemed Humankapital the most offensive word of the year—it is the task of social science to identify and refine concepts that would otherwise be fuzzy.
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A linguist is sent to discern their intentions; she deciphers their visual language in scenes that rely on the expertise of actual working linguists, many of whom were pleased to see some of their ideas make it to the big screen.
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Anthropologists and linguists have traditionally assumed that the inventory of all possible speech sounds used by humans has remained unchanged since our species emerged some 300,000 years ago, but new research published today in Science is challenging this long-held assumption.
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In a 2007 study by linguists Naomi Baron and Rich Ling, multi-sentence text messages often had punctuation to indicate where the sentences stopped, but only 29 percent of these texts had punctuation at the very end of the message.
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Reuters was given rare access to the U.S. Air Force's hotline station, inside the Qatar-based Combined Air Operations Area, last week, including meeting two Russian linguists, both native speakers, who serve as the U.S. interface for conversations with Russian commanders.
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Expert linguists expanded upon Emphatic Capitalization in a 22019 article by Mashable's Rachel Thompson, but after talking to a selection of self-proclaimed Atypical Capitalizers, I learned there are a variety of other reasons why people partake in the trend.
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Even without the citizenship exam, the requirements to qualify for Danish citizenship are arduous and include passing an oral and written exam in Danish, a difficult language with an abundance of vowel sounds that linguists say makes it hard to learn.
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Yet many linguists were not surprised by all of the vitriol, as there is a sense among some Chomskyan syntacticians that someone looking askance upon their enterprise simply doesn't understand the jargon and arguments, and is perhaps incapable of doing so.
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Top of the vacancy list at France's DGSE, the equivalent of America's CIA or Britain's MI6, are posts for young information technology gurus and linguists who master the finer points of Russian, Chinese or Farsi, widely used in Iran and Afghanistan.
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But on Tuesday, after five years of labor by dozens of scholars, linguists, philologists and editors — as well as a crew of computer scientists and researchers — a state-funded "Project Talmud" presented the first volume of the first-ever Italian translation.
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What it does convey well is the disjunction between the actuality of Egypt and later interpretations of it: Before hieroglyphics were deciphered by Champollion and other linguists in the 1820s, the reality of ancient Egypt was literally a closed book.
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The move to the Latin alphabet accelerated in April with the establishment by Mr. Nazarbayev of a National Commission for the Modernization of Society, which included a panel of linguists entrusted with working out how Kazakh sounds should be transcribed.
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Artificial Intelligence May Have Cracked Freaky 600-Year-Old ManuscriptImage: Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale UniversitySince its discovery over a hundred years ago, the 240-page Voynich manuscript, filled with seemingly coded language and inscrutable illustrations, has confounded linguists and cryptographers.
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For this week's Giz Asks, we reached out to a number of anthropologists and linguists—people who have put in time in some of the remotest corners of the Earth—to help us find some place where Mark Zuckerberg can't find us.
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The search giant said that there were no studies on how human performance compares, but "from our in-house annotation projects that linguists trained for this task agree in 96-97 percent of the cases", suggesting the system is "approaching human performance".
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Tellingly, in something akin to what linguists call a mondegreen, Bach at several passages apparently misconstrued what the children — in this reconstruction of the scene — had said, and emended a scriptural verse's legitimate Lutheran rendering to a similar-sounding but unattested wording.
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"More than ever, in the Trump era, artists need to recapture, by any means necessary, a central role in society, as ombudsmen, experimental linguists, reverse anthropologists, radical pedagogues, utopian thinkers, and vernacular philosophers," he said in a rare moment of total sincerity.
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He used the word in 2006 to describe the outcry in the German news media after the Nobel laureate Günter Grass revealed that he had been a member of the Waffen-SS during World War II. Linguists see a more likely scenario.
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According to linguists who study gender and pronouns, "they" and "them" are increasingly and widely seen as legitimate ways to refer to an individual, both generically and specifically, whether you know their gender or not — as I just did right in this sentence.
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This need was underscored in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, when it surfaced that lack of Arabic linguists led the US to miss critical messages sent by al–Qaida about the 9/11 attacks a day before they occurred.7.
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Gretchen McCulloch, a linguist who is writing a book about how the internet is changing language, said Snapchat lenses and filters were a form of what linguists call "phatic communication, " which is communication that is meant to ease social interactions instead of to convey information.
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The interjection of verbal tics seem to be among the speech patterns that trigger the most negative reactions; they supposedly make people sound air-headed or uncertain, or both, say linguists, because they are shying away from deliberately characterizing the thing they are talking about.
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But do 11-year-olds need the skill of identifying—by name—a "relative clause" (eg, the house that I live in), "modal verb" (eg, can and must) and "determiner" (a term better known to linguists than schoolteachers, including a, the, each, every and some)?
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"We have a bunch of NGOs that partner with us in linguistically diverse regions around the world, and we just launched our 'citizen linguists' program, which is a volunteer arm of our company, and they're constantly updating and approving and cleaning up definitions," Quinn said.
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Some linguists worry that if not handled with extreme care, subsequent studies of the physical or biological differences of language could invigorate ethnocentric beliefs that have plagued linguistics in the past, especially if research is publicly interpreted as making value judgments of different groups' languages.
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Offering insight into how Indian captives sought to escape their debased status, linguists trace the origins of the word Genízaro to the Ottoman Empire's janissaries, the special soldier class of Christians from the Balkans who converted to Islam, and were sometimes referred to as slaves.
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They've gotten all these people together to brainstorm—archaeologists and linguists and artists—how do you put a sign on nuclear waste sites, so that you can warn people hundreds of thousands or a million years in the future that this is a dangerous site.
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Gretchen McCulloch, a linguist who is writing a book about how the internet is changing language, said Snapchat lenses and filters were a form of what linguists call "phatic communication," which is communication that is meant to ease social interactions instead of to convey information.
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So what we've been trying to find and create and encourage over the last 12 years is more faculty-led programs, more partnerships with science labs, getting musicians to study abroad, getting linguists to study abroad, really opening it up as wide as we can.
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According to a new study by Carmen Fought and Karen Eisenhauer — two linguists who dug into the dialogue across the Disney Princess animated movies — men are taking up way more than their fair share of talking time, particularly during the films of the '80s and '90s.
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It's no surprise that many national security experts have reported a lack of well trained linguists and analysts who can understand challenges posed by Russia's re-emergence as a global player, the ongoing tumult in the Middle East, or Asia's continued evolution and balance of power.
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"She also made this really interesting point that we had to cut for time:"I've read a lot of linguistics writing about this, and I don't think that even linguists know why it is that young women seem to be at the forefront of every vocal change.
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It was enthralling to see the meaning emerge, to observe the subtle uses of tense and aspect and mood, and feel the force of the small, indefinable, not strictly necessary words that linguists dryly call "function words" and which are known in Greek grammar as particles.
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Language declinism is familiar territory for linguists whose research into the way languages evolve is frequently met with howls of protest from those who insist that things were much better in the old days, when people presumably knew how to spell and write with perfect grammar.
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A mystery to linguists and anthropologists alike, the language was spoken by a tribe that vanished into the jungles of the Amazon basin in Peru generations ago, hoping to save itself from the invaders whose weapons and diseases had brought it to the brink of extinction.
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In the book's strongest section, Shariatmadari reveals how little the so-called guardians of the English language understand about English, let alone the particular innovations of AAVE, which linguists have described as a rule-bound language that has given us at least one new verb tense.
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"The so-called gender-neutral language is first based on a general error; second, produces a wealth of ridiculous linguistic structures; and third, cannot be sustained consistently," the signatories, who include writers, lawyers, journalists, teachers, linguists and a former head of Germany's domestic intelligence agency, assert.
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The work of professional linguists, mathematicians and scientists "is probably not going to be enough" to unravel a cosmic mystery missive, said Sheri Wells-Jensen, a linguist at Bowling Green University in Ohio who also serves on the board of METI ( Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence ), a San Francisco-based nonprofit.
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We all do it, and there's no reason this universal linguistic trait amply studied by psychologists and linguists -- the slip of the tongue -- would somehow cease to exist when it came to words referring to descendants of African slaves in the United States in the early 21st century.
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The Oxford Dictionaries went far afield, choosing something even most linguists wouldn't consider a "word": In case that didn't render properly on your screen, it is an emoji, one of those adorable or maddening (depending on your view) faces that convey a sort of metamessage in online communication.
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Mendy is currently out injured for Man City, and so as the final whistle blew on an insane 2-1 victory for his team, Mendy, in street clothes, took to the field from the bench—only to be nearly accosted by security (or "stewards" for you footie linguists out there).
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The two schools of thought, known as "prescriptivism" (which sets down how the language should be) and "descriptivism" (which tells how it is), have often been at daggers drawn: English teachers and some usage-book writers on one side, and academic linguists, lexicographers and other usage-book writers on the other.
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What in the World With five distinct kinds of clicks, multiple tones and strident vowels — vocalized with a quick choking sound — the Taa language, spoken by a few thousand people in Botswana and Namibia, is believed by most linguists to have the largest sound inventory of any tongue in the world.
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Other linguists also point out that the study rests on untested assumptions, like just how much these small bite changes might influence sounds, the types of errors they could produce, the age at which hunter-gathers' teeth wear down, and the notion that agriculture is a useful proxy for diet.
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These new citizens had been drawn to Talossa for a number of reasons—linguists interested in the Talossan phenomenon, aspiring politicians who liked the immediacy of participating in the Talossan government, and those who simply liked the company of other strangers acting out a collective fantasy on internet message boards.
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Senate Republicans just banned Elizabeth Warren from talking about Jeff Sessions Jackie Kennedy's strange, elegant accent, explained by linguists How to stop an autocracy Polls like this are sensitive to changes in wording and can't tell us how respondents really interpret the question, so it's worth being cautious when reading the results.
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"Many U.K. employers who require multilingual staff are becoming increasingly unsettled as a perfect storm brews — fewer and fewer linguists are emerging from our education system just as Brexit uncertainty looks to be deterring workers relocating here from the EU," Bill Richards, U.K. managing director of Indeed, said in a press release.
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Singers, musicians, actors and linguists are doubly likely to shape-shift according to whim, style, and context; not only is doing so a key part of their professional skill-set, but the successful ones travel around a lot more, and end up amassing a bigger and bigger collection of different accents and expressions.
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She discusses how Nabokov changed his memoirs when he translated them from English to Russian; how linguists first embraced, then reviled, then cautiously returned to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis that our languages influence our experiences of the world; how a college student was detained at an airport for traveling with Arabic flashcards.
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In a 2015 transcript of a recorded phone call from a jail in the San Francisco Bay Area, a suspect who said, "He come tell 'bout I'm gonna take the TV" was incorrectly transcribed as "I'm gonna take the TV," according to a 2016 research paper by a pair of Stanford University linguists.
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The linguists I spoke with explained that Jackie Kennedy's accent is at least partially typical of someone with her upbringing, in that it tracks with her early childhood in Southampton in the 1930s but was clearly influenced by going to school in Manhattan and spending a lot of time there growing up.
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We did this not because we were linguists, master debaters or history teachers, but because we knew that our words would help define the infrastructure that would define the rules that would define the processes that would define the technology that would define the capabilities of the next great payment system of the United States.
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Grammarly is also excellent at catching what linguists call "unknown tokens"—the glitches that sometimes occur in the writer's neural net between the thought and the expression of it, whereby the writer will mangle a word that, on rereading, his brain corrects, even though the unknown token renders the passage incomprehensible to everyone else.
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