Each word, phrase & line has been de- signed to puz- zle you, its read- er, & to test whether you're intel- lect- ual enough— well-read or dis- cern ing e- nough—to ful- ly appreciate th- is poem.
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Lect is a commune in the Jura department in Franche-Comté in eastern France. The hamlet of Vouglans has been attached to Lect since 1822.
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R. Eckert, Lect. #5, February 2001, Binghamton U., N.Y. as colors are addressed indirectly.
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Dr. Sunil Yadav, Prof. Sukhdev Thakur, Prof. Naheed Badar, Prof. Prabhat Sarsij, Dr. Giridhar Acharya, Lect.
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The Lake Erie Circle Tour (LECT) loops around Lake Erie following state and provincial highways. These highways are usually the closest to the lake. The LECT follows state highways in the US states of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan and provincial highways in the Canadian province of Ontario.
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Starting in Detroit, the LECT follows Interstate 75 (I-75) south from the Ambassador Bridge to exit 43\. There it follows M-85 through Lincoln Park to Trenton. At exit 28, the LECT rejoins I-75 and runs south through Monroe to the state line, crossing into Toledo, Ohio.
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The LECT follows Pennsylvania Route 5 through Erie County. This is also the routing of the Seaway Trail.
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The LECT follows Ontario Highway 3 through the province, running the entire length from the Peace Bridge to the Ambassador Bridge.
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J.T. Tate, "Classes d'isogénie des variétés abéliennes sur un corps fini (d' après T. Honda)", Sem. Bourbaki Exp. 352, Lect. notes in math.
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By analogy with CREOLE studies, John Honey posited a LECT continuum, ranging from the basilect to the acrolect, with many people reaching a paralect stage.
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Aristotle believed the law of non contradiction to be the most fundamental law. Both Thomas Aquinas (Met. IV, lect. 6) and Duns Scotus (Quaest. sup. Met.
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The term is etymologically related to the Greek prefix idio- (meaning "own, personal, private, peculiar, separate, distinct") and -lect, abstracted from dialect, and ultimately from Ancient Greek .
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Invited papers from the Logic colloquium '97, European meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic, Leeds, UK, July 6–13, 1997. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 258; 403-423.
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The level- set method was initially proposed to track moving interfaces by Dervieux and ThomassetDervieux, A. and Thomasset, F. 1979. A finite element method for the simulation of Raleigh-Taylor instability. Springer Lect. Notes in Math.
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A mixed language or a fused lect is a relatively stable mixture of two or more languages. What some linguists have described as "codeswitching as unmarked choice"Myers-Scotton, Carol. 1993. Social Motivations of Codeswitching. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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Among later critics, Cotelerius seems to lean towards the favourable view of the character of Nicolas in a note on Constit. Apost. vi. 8, after reciting the various authorities. Edward BurtonLectures on Ecclesiastical History, Lect. xii. p. 364, ed. 1833.
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In areas where code-switching among two or more languages is very common, it may become normal for words from both languages to be used together in everyday speech. Unlike code-switching, where a switch tends to occur at semantically or sociolinguistically meaningful junctures, this code- mixing has no specific meaning in the local context. A fused lect is identical to a mixed language in terms of semantics and pragmatics, but fused lects allow less variation since they are fully grammaticalized. In other words, there are grammatical structures of the fused lect that determine which source-language elements may occur.
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2) and Posterior (1. i. c. 4). In the first of these, he says: "It is impossible that there should exist any medium between contradictory opposites, but it is necessary either to affirm or to deny everything of everything." [Hamilton LECT. V. LOGIC.
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Location map of Croatian dialects. Croats speak Croatian, a South Slavic lect of the Western South Slavic subgroup. (Standard) Croatian is considered a normative variety of Serbo-Croatian,David Dalby, Linguasphere (1999/2000, Linguasphere Observatory), pg. 445, 53-AAA-g, "Srpski+Hrvatski, Serbo-Croatian".
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A sociolect, defined by Peter Trudgill, a leading sociolinguist and philosopher, is "a variety or lect which is thought of as being related to its speakers' social background rather than geographical background".Trudgill, Peter. A Glossary of Sociolinguistics. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Print.
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Grave inscription at Lutheran cemetery in Střítež near Český Těšín. The inscription, which says "Rest in Peace", is in the Cieszyn Silesian dialect. Goral Silesian lect and Czech in Cieszyn, Poland. The text notifies that people under the age of 18 will not be served alcohol.
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A Galician-Portuguese "baixo-limiao" lect is spoken in several villages. In Galicia it is spoken in Entrimo and Lobios and in northern Portugal in Terras de Bouro (lands of the Buri) and Castro Laboreiro including the mountain town (county seat) of Soajo and surrounding villages.
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Some observations on the relationship between Kaike and Tamangic. Nepalese Linguistics 23: 85-116. notes that Kaike shares many words with Tamangic, but is not part of Tamangic proper. It is also in contact with Tichyurong Tibetan, a divergent Tibetic lect spoken near the Kaike-speaking areas.
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Highlights from the expedition include GA Lect 117 (an eleventh-century lectionary, written entirely in gold letters), GA 620 (features Paul's epistles after the book of Revelation—a very rare phenomenon), and GA 367 (one of only sixty complete Greek New Testament manuscripts known to exist).
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However, this explanation seems to involve the fallacy of composition (quantifier shift). Moreover, it does not seem to be in keeping with Aquinas' principle that, among natural things, the destruction of one thing is always the generation of another.Commentary on De Anima, Bk. 2, lect. 1, n.16.
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Caelius Rhodiginus (Antiq. Lect. xiii. 1) says, on the authority of Caecilius Minutianus Apuleius, that the enemy was Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus.Cited by Smith, 1849, p. 73. The five books of the elegiac Tristia are dated to 9–12 AD, during the first four years of Ovid's banishment.
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If this is true, it would be tight: in his 1964 paper, Černý exhibited a class of automata (indexed by the number n of states) for which the shortest reset words have this length. In 2011 Trahtman published a proofA.N. Trahtman. Modifying the Upper Bound on the Length of Minimal Synchronizing Word. Lect.
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The demographic increase after 1820 is due to the attachment of Vouglans to Lect in 1822. The large increase after 1960 can be explained by the construction of the dam, the reservoir of the hydro-electric power station of the Lac de Vouglans, which required a workforce of more than 500 for five years.
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All of M-85 has been listed on the National Highway System, a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility. Between the two I-75 interchanges, M-85 is the closest state trunkline to Lake Erie and the Detroit River, making it a part of the Lake Erie Circle Tour (LECT).
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"Lect" avoids the problem in ambiguous cases of deciding whether two varieties are distinct languages or dialects of a single language. Variation at the level of the lexicon, such as slang and argot, is often considered in relation to particular styles or levels of formality (also called registers), but such uses are sometimes discussed as varieties as well.
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Anastasius was abbot of Euthymius in Palestine, around 741 CE. He wrote in Greek a work against the Jews, a Latin version of which by Turrianus is printed in the Antiquae Lectiones of Henricus Canisius.Canisii, Antiquar. Lect. iii. pp. 123-186 The translation is very imperfect. A manuscript of the original work is still extant.Catal. Vindobon. pt.
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Gbe language area. Green spots are languages of the Phla–Pherá cluster according to Capo (1988). Most Phla–Pherá languages are spoken in the Mono, Atlantique, and Oueme (Weme) provinces of Benin. Alada, a lect that is sometimes included in the Phla–Pherá group, is spoken in southwestern Nigeria just southeast of Benin's administrative capital Porto- Novo.
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Blagar is a Papuan language of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. The Tereweng lect spoken on Tereweng island off the southeast coast of Pantar is sometimes considered a separate language. Use of the language is declining in favor of Indonesian. In the 1970s Indonesian replaced Blagar as the language of the church and the mosque.
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Here is how Hamilton, circa 1837–1838,From the Preface: "The Lectures on Logic, like those on Metaphysics, were chiefly composed during, the session in which they were first delivered (1837–8)." The lectures were assembled, with added footnotes marked by "—ED." by Mansel and Veitch and published in 1860. expressed his "fourth law" in his LECT. V. LOGIC.
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Although traditional linguistic divisions continue to be cited, especially in Polish sources, the current linguistic consensus tends to consider Kashubian a separate language, or at least as a distinct Slavic lect that cannot be grouped at the same level as the four major modern Polish dialects.Roland Sussex and Paul Cubberley (2006). The Slavic Languages. Cambridge University Press.
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In the study of Lorentzian manifold spacetimes there exists a hierarchy of causality conditions which are important in proving mathematical theorems about the global structure of such manifolds. These conditions were collected during the late 1970s.E. Minguzzi and M. Sanchez, The causal hierarchy of spacetimes in H. Baum and D. Alekseevsky (eds.), vol. Recent developments in pseudo-Riemannian geometry, ESI Lect. Math. Phys.
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The LECT will continue to follow SR 2 through downtown Cleveland. On the east side of the city, the tour continues on SR 283 through Euclid to Painesville. There it merges onto US 20 until Geneva. The tour follows SR 531 east along the lake between Geneva and Conneaut, where it returns along US 20 east to the state line.
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By the end of the 20th century, microtechnology had been used to create tiny robotic devices to assist microsurgery using micro-video and fiber-optic cameras to view internal tissues during surgery with minimally invasive practices.Murray, Joseph E., "The First Successful Organ Transplants in Man", Nobel Lect., 1990, Nobelprize.org., Web, July 7, 2010 Laparoscopic surgery was broadly introduced in the 1990s.
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Lect workshop in Radovljica, Slovenia Licitars are made using traditional ingredients, methods and devotion. Their ingredients are simple (honey, flour, eggs, water and natural colours) but their preparation is long. The dough matures for a few days, then is shaped and baked and left for two weeks to dry. Colouring is the next step after which they are left to dry again for two weeks.
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Ministry of Interior of Poland Approximately 108,000 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian and Old Prussian. The Kashubian lect exists in two different forms: low-prestige vernacular dialects used by older generations in rural areas, and the Kashubian literary standard prescribed in education.
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Fanbak takes its name from the village of the same name, where it used to be spoken. Fanbak village has been abandoned, with residents now living among speakers of North Ambrym. Lynch and Crowley (2001) called the language "Orkon". However, it appears that Orkon, spoken in the Orkon village, really referred to a lect (either a dialect or a separate language) distinct from Fanbak.
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The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V. Uncial 056 probably was rewritten from the codex 0142. It lacks Acts 8:37.UBS3, p. 448. In Acts 18:26 it reads την του θεου οδον along with P, Ψ, 049, 104, 330, 451, 1241, 1877, 2127, 2492, Byz, Lect;UBS3, p. 491.
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In the meantime the emperor Zeno, a fugitive up to the time of the Acacian opposition, reclaimed the throne which he had lost; and Basiliscus, after abject and vain concessions to the ecclesiastical power, was given up to him (as tradition says) by Acacius, after he had taken sanctuary in his church in 477. cites Evagrius H. E. iii. 4 ff. Theodoret Lect. i.
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Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: ', ) is a West Slavic lect belonging to the Lechitic subgroup along with Polish and Silesian.Stephen Barbour, Cathie Carmichael, Language and Nationalism in Europe, Oxford University Press, 2000, p.199, Although often classified as a language in its own right, it is sometimes viewed as a dialect of Pomeranian or as a dialect of Polish. In Poland, it has been an officially recognized ethnic-minority language since 2005.
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Crossing into the state of Ohio, the LECT leaves I-75 to follow I-280 around the east side of Toledo. The tour then exits I-280 and runs along SR 2 to the city of Sandusky, home of Cedar Point. There it joins U.S. Route 6 (US 6) to Cleveland. West of Cleveland, US 6 merges with US 20 and SR 2 in a three-way concurrency.
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If the rules and constraints of the particular lect are followed, then the sentence is judged to be grammatical. In contrast, an ungrammatical sentence is one that violates the rules of the given language variety. Linguists use grammaticality judgements to investigate the syntactic structure of sentences. Generative linguists are largely of the opinion that for native speakers of natural languages, grammaticality is a matter of linguistic intuition, and reflects the innate linguistic competence of speakers.
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UBS3, pp. 576-577. : 1 Corinthians 2:1 it reads μαρτυριον along with B D G P Ψ 33 81 104 181 326 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syrh copsa arm eth. Other manuscripts read μυστηριον or σωτηριον.UBS3, p. 581. : 1 Corinthians 2:14 it reads πνευματος (omit του θεου) along with 2, 216, 255, 440, 451, 823, 1827, and syrp.
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Standard Spanish is a linguistic variety, or lect, of the Spanish language, dominantly used in its written form. There are different standard forms, including the Mexican standard, the Latin American standard, the Peninsular standard or European standard and the Rioplatense standard, in addition to the standard forms developed by international organizations and multinational companies. A 2014 study shows that people in Santiago, Chile, consider Peruvian Spanish the most "correct" form of Spanish.
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New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 12 September 2017 Conan received the Irish missionaries Kilian and his companions, consecrated Kilian bishop, and commissioned him and the others to preach the faith in Franconia. (Vita S. Kiliani, in Canisius, Lect. Antiquæ, III, 175–180.) He was in favour with Emperor Justinian II, who informed him that he had recovered the Acts of the Third Council of Constantinople, by which, the emperor wrote, it was his intention to abide.
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The wine-growing region to the north of the town is particularly well known, and includes the vintages of l'Etoile, Château-Chalon and Arbois. The Jura escarpment to the south and east is a popular tourist region, with its attractions including the lakes of Chalain, Clairvaux and Vouglans (at Lect, Jura), and mountain resorts such as Prénovel and Les Rousses. In terms of area, Lons-le-Saunier is the second smallest prefectural town in France, after Bobigny.
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Croatian replaced Latin as the official language of the Croatian government in 1847. The Croatian lect is generally viewed as one of the three standard varieties of the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language. Croatian is written using the Latin alphabet and there are three major dialects spoken on the territory of Croatia, with the Shtokavian idiom used as the literary standard. The Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects are distinguished by their lexicon, phonology, and syntax.
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Above all, he had ample facilities for using Greek books, both printed and in manuscript, the want of which he had felt painfully at Geneva and Montpellier, and which only Paris could supply at that time. Despite all these advantages, Casaubon considered many schemes for leaving Paris and settling elsewhere. Offers came to him from various quarters, including Nîmes, Heidelberg and Sedan, France. His friends Lect and Giovanni Diodati wished, rather than hoped, to get him back to Geneva.
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Other manuscripts read μυστηριον or σωτηριον.UBS3, p. 581. In 1 Corinthians 15:54 it has reading το θνητον τουτο ενδυσηασται και το φθαρτον τουτο ενδυσηται αφθαρσιαν και along with Alexandrinus;NA26, p. 470 In 1 Timothy 3:16 it has textual variant (God manifested) (Sinaiticuse, A2, C2, Dc, K, L, P, Ψ, 81, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect), against ὃς ἐφανερώθη (he was manifested) supported by Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus, Ephraemi, Boernerianus, 33, 365, 442, 2127, ℓ 599.Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart 2001), pp. 573-573. 1 Timothy 3:16 in Codex Alexandrinus at the Bible Research In 2 Timothy 4:10 it reads Γαλλιαν, along with Sinaiticus C 81 104 436; other manuscript read Γαλατιαν (A D F G K L P Ψ 33 88 181 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect) or Γαλιλαιαν (copbo).UBS3, p. 737.
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In linguistics, grammar (from Ancient Greek ) is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases and words in a natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules and this field includes phonology, morphology and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, semantics and pragmatics. Fluent speakers of a language variety or lect have a set of internalized rules which constitutes its grammar.Traditionally, the mental information used to produce and process linguistic utterances is referred to as "rules".
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For many native speakers, Sylheti forms the diglossic vernacular with standard Bengali forming the codified lect."In Bangladesh, Sylheti functions as a diglossic "Low" variety and Bengali, the official language of Bangladesh, as the "High" variety. Bengali is the language of official administration and education in Bangladesh, and Sylheti is normative in informal contexts in Sylhet." Some consider it as a corrupt form of Bengali, and there is a reported language shift from Sylheti to Bengali in Bangladesh, India and the diaspora.
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Range of Silesian on a map of East-Central Europe (marked as G1 and G2, in southern Poland and the eastern Czech Republic). Silesian or Upper Silesian (Steuer's Silesian alphabet: , Silesian ślabikŏrzowy szrajbōnek: , ; ; , , ; ) is a West Slavic lect of the Lechitic group, spoken in Upper Silesia and partly in Czech Silesia. Its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by Central German due to the existence of numerous Silesian German speakers in the area prior to World War II and after.Tomasz Kamusella. 2013.
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Gallurese (gadduresu) is a Romance lect from the Italo-Dalmatian family spoken in the region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia. It is often considered a dialect of southern Corsican or a transitional language between Corsican and Sardinian. "Gallurese International Day" (Ciurrata Internaziunali di la Linga Gadduresa) takes place each year in Palau (Sardinia) with the participation of orators from other areas, including Corsica. Gallurese morphology and vocabulary are close to southern Corsican, especially the dialects of Sartene and Porto-Vecchio, whereas its phonology and syntax are similar to those of Sardinian.
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The Renaissance brought a series of political philosophers who wrote implied criticisms of the practices of monarchs and sought to identify principles of constitutional design that would be likely to yield more effective and just governance from their viewpoints. This began with revival of the Roman law of nations conceptRelectiones, Franciscus de Victoria (lect. 1532, first pub. 1557). and its application to the relations among nations, and they sought to establish customary "laws of war and peace"The Law of War and Peace, Hugo Grotius (1625) to ameliorate wars and make them less likely.
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The Malaysian language (, Jawi: ) or Malaysian Malay (), is the name regularly applied to the Malay language used in Malaysia (as opposed to the lect used in Indonesia, which is referred to as the Indonesian language). Constitutionally, however, the official language of Malaysia is Malay, but the government from time to time refers to it as Malaysian. Standard Malaysian is a standard form of the Johore-Riau dialect of Malay. It is spoken by much of the Malaysian population, although most learn a vernacular form of Malay or other native language first.
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"Reduction in the Number of Coupling Parameters". (Dedicated to the memory of Kurt Symanzik.) There are solutions of the reduction equations which do not correspond to additional symmetries, but may be related to other characteristic aspects of the theory. On the other hand, supersymmetric theories do come out as possible solutions. This is an important example for the appearance of supersymmetry without imposing it explicitly. The reduction theory is finding many applications, theoreticalFor example: Reinhard Oehme, Talk given at Ringberg Symposium on Quantum Field Theory, Ringberg Castle, Germany, 21-24 Jun 1998. Lect.
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Akkadian came to be the dominant language during the Akkadian Empire and the Assyrian empires, but Sumerian was retained for administrative, religious, literary and scientific purposes. Different varieties of Akkadian were used until the end of the Neo-Babylonian period. Old Aramaic, which had already become common in Mesopotamia, then became the official provincial administration language of first the Neo-Assyrian Empire, and then the Achaemenid Empire: the official lect is called Imperial Aramaic. Akkadian fell into disuse, but both it and Sumerian were still used in temples for some centuries.
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While linguists who are primarily interested in the structure or form of code-mixing may have relatively little interest to separate code-mixing from code-switching, some sociolinguists have gone to great lengths to differentiate the two phenomena. For these scholars, code- switching is associated with particular pragmatic effects, discourse functions, or associations with group identity. In this tradition, the terms code-mixing or language alternation are used to describe more stable situations in which multiple languages are used without such pragmatic effects. See also Code-mixing as fused lect, below.
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There he married twice, his second wife being Florence Estienne, daughter of the scholar-printer Henri Estienne. At Geneva, Casaubon lacked example, encouragement and assistance and struggled against the troops of the Catholic dukes of Savoy, but became a consummate Greek and classical scholar. He spent all the money he could spare on books, including copying classics that were not then in print. Even though Henri Estienne, Theodore de Beza (rector of the university and professor of theology), and Jacques Lect (Lectius), were men of superior learning, they often had no time for Casaubon.
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Near Newport, I-275 splits off to the northwest and I-75 continues its northeasterly trek through Monroe County. When it crosses the Huron River, the trunkline enters Wayne County between South Rockwood and Rockwood. On the north side of the county line, I-75 begins to run inland of, and parallel to, the Detroit River, entering the Downriver area. The freeway turns northerly after the interchange with M-85 (Fort Street) near Gibraltar, and the LECT departs I-75 to follow M-85 north of the interchange.
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Variation is a characteristic of language: there is more than one way of saying the same thing. Speakers may vary pronunciation (accent), word choice (lexicon), or morphology and syntax (sometimes called "grammar"). But while the diversity of variation is great, there seem to be boundaries on variation – speakers do not generally make drastic alterations in sentence word order or use novel sounds that are completely foreign to the language being spoken. Linguistic variation does not equate with language ungrammaticality, but speakers are still (often unconsciously) sensitive to what is and is not possible in their native lect.
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The modern varieties of Corsican (corsu) are directly related to the Tuscan dialect of Pisa, an Italian city that dominated the island before Genoa. In the north of the island (Calvi), there was also a local dialect (now nearly extinct) very similar to medieval Genoese. In the mountainous interior of Corsica, many villagers have some proficiency of Corsican, a medieval Pisan lect. The extreme similarity of Corsican to Italian, because of their common Tuscan origin, can be seen in an example phrase: "I was born in Corsica and I spent there the best years of my youth".
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Aland did not place its text into any Category. According to the Claremont Profile Method it has mixed text in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20. In Matthew 6:13, in the Lord's Prayer it has unique addition ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία, τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν. In Matthew 19:16 it reads διδασκαλε αγαθε (good teacher) — C, K, W, Δ, Θ, f13, 28, 33, 565, 700, 892mg, 1009, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1241, 1242, 1344, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz, Lect, it, vg, syr, copsa, arm, eth, Diatessaron.
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Because of the difficulties involved in determining the difference between language and dialect, other terms have been proposed. These include vernacular, lect,, cited in regionalect, topolect, and variety. Most Chinese people consider the spoken varieties as one single language because speakers share a common culture and history, as well as a shared national identity and a common written form. To Chinese nationalists, the idea of Chinese as a language family may suggest that the Chinese identity is much more fragmented and disunified than their belief and as such is often looked upon as culturally and politically provocative.
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In Acts 7:47 it reads οικω for θεω, along with Papyrus 74, Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus, Codex Bezae, and some Sahidic manuscripts.UBS3, p. 443. Acts 8:37 is omitted.UBS3, p. 448. In Acts 18:26 it reads την του θεου οδον along with P, Ψ, 0142, 104, 330, 451, 1241, 1877, 2127, 2492, Byz, Lect;UBS3, p. 491. In Acts 26:28 it reads γενεσθαι for ποιησαι along with manuscripts E P 044 056 0142 88 104 326 330 436 451 629 630 945 1241 1505 1739 1877 2127 2412 2492 2495 Byz, Codex Gigas.
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Portuguese has, for now, two official standards, respectively Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese. The Serbian variant of Serbo-Croatian is likewise divided; Serbia and the Republika Srpska of Bosnia and Herzegovina use their own distinct normative subvarieties, with differences in yat reflexes. The existence and codification of a distinct Montenegrin standard is a matter of controversy, some treat Montenegrin as a separate standard lect and some think that it should be considered another form of Serbian. Norwegian has two standards, Bokmål and Nynorsk, the choice between which is subject to controversy: Each Norwegian municipality can either declare one as its official language or it can remain "language neutral".
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The Cleveland Memorial Shoreway, often shortened to "the Shoreway", is a limited-access freeway in Cleveland and Bratenahl, Ohio. It closely follows the shore of Lake Erie and connects the east and west sides of Cleveland via the Main Avenue Bridge over the Cuyahoga River. The entire length of the Shoreway is part of the Lake Erie Circle Tour (LECT) and all but the very eastern end of the Shoreway is part of State Route 2. The Shoreway also carries parts of Interstate 90 and State Route 283 on its eastern side, and parts of U.S. Route 6 and U.S. Route 20 on its western side.
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When the Detroit–Toledo Freeway opened in 1956, several local roads were given the M-85 designation between the new freeway in Woodhaven into downtown Detroit to end at US 25/M-17. The northern end was truncated in 1968 to the interchange with I-75 in Detroit when that freeway was completed in the area. In the 1980s, the Great Lakes Circle Tours were created by the state of Michigan in consultation with neighboring states and the province of Ontario; after the tours were created in 1986, M-85 was added to the LECT. At the end of 2000, MDOT proposed several highway transfers in Detroit.
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China's economic rise in the 21st century has also encouraged a greater use of Mandarin. Other Chinese varieties such as Hokkien, Teochew, Hakka, Hainanese and Cantonese have been classified by the Government as "dialects", and language policies and language attitudes based on this classification and discouragement of usage in Non-Mandarin Chinese or "Chinese dialects" in official settings and television media have led to a decrease in the number of speakers of these varieties. In particular, Singapore has its own lect of Mandarin; Singaporean Mandarin, itself with two varieties, Standard and Colloquial or spoken. While Tamil is one of Singapore's official languages, other Indian languages are also frequently used.
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There are also registers associated with particular professions or interest groups; jargon refers specifically to the vocabulary associated with such registers. Unlike dialects, which are used by particular speech communities and associated with geographical settings or social groupings, registers are associated with particular communicative situations, purposes, or levels of formality, and can constitute divisions within a single regional lect or standardized variety. Dialect and register may thus be thought of as different dimensions of linguistic variation. For example, Trudgill suggests the following sentence as an example of a nonstandard dialect that is used with the technical register of physical geography: Most speakers command a range of registers, which they use in different situations.
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The codex contains lessons from the Gospels of John, Matthew, and Luke lectionary (Evangelistarium) with lacunae at the beginning and end. The text is written in Greek uncial letters, on 150 parchment leaves (), with 2 columns per page, 19 lines per page and 7-12 letters per line. It has musical notes. Matthew 19:16 : διδασκαλε (teacher) — א, B, D, L, f1, 892txt, 1010, 1365, ℓ 5, ita, d, e, ff1, copbo, eth, geo, Origen, Hilary; : διδασκαλε αγαθε (good teacher) — C, K, W, Δ, Θ, f13, 28, 33, 565, 700, 892mg, 1009, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1241, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz, Lect, it, vg, syr, copsa, arm, eth, Diatessaron.
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Other manuscripts have τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (fasting and prayer) or τη προσευχη (prayer).UBS3, p. 591. : 2 Corinthians 9:4 it reads τη υποστασει ταυτη της καυχησεως ημων (Byzantine mss without ημων, Alexandrian and Western mss without της καυχησεως ημων) : Colossians 4:8 it reads γνω τα περι ημων along with minuscule 451, ℓ 598, and ℓ 1356 : 1 Timothy 3:16 it has textual variant (God manifested) (Sinaiticuse, A2, C2, Dc, K, L, P, Ψ, 81, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect), against ὃς ἐφανερώθη (he was manifested) supported by Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus, Ephraemi, Boernerianus, 33, 365, 442, 2127, ℓ 599.Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart 2001), pp.
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For the other variants of this verse see: Textual variants in the Acts of the Apostles. In Acts 27:16 phrase καλουμενον Καυδα is omitted.UBS3, p. 522. In Romans 8:1 it reads Ιησου κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα, for Ιησου. The reading of the manuscript is supported by אc, Dc, K, P, 33, 88, 104, 181, 330, (436 omit μη), 456, 614, 630, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect.UBS3, p. 548. The text of Romans 16:25-27 is following 14:23, as in Codex Angelicus Codex Athous Lavrensis, 0209, Minuscule 181 330 451 460 614 1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495.UBS3, pp. 576-577. In 1 Corinthians 2:1 it reads μαρτυριον along with B D G P Ψ 33 81 104 181 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syrh copsa arm eth.
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The text of the Pauline epistles is very close textually to the codices 451, 2400, 2492.Colwell E. C., The Four Gospels of Karahissar I, History and Text, Chicago, 1936. ; Textual variants : Acts 18:26 it reads την του θεου οδον along with P, Ψ, 049, 0142, 104, 451, 1241, 1877, 2127, 2492, Byz, Lect;UBS3, p. 491. : Romans 8:1 it reads Ιησου κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα (for Ιησου). The reading is supported by אc, Dc, K, P, 33, 88, 104, 181, 326, (436 omit μη), 456, 614, 630, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect.UBS3, p. 548. : Romans 15:19 it supports πνευματος θεου αγιου along with Minuscule 451; other manuscripts read πνευματος θεου or πνευματος αγιου;UBS3, p. 572. : Romans 16:25-27 is following 14:23, as in Codex Angelicus Codex Athous Lavrensis, 0209, Minuscule 181 326 451 460 614 1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495.
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The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeBruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", Oxford University Press, (New York - Oxford, 2005), p. 77. with a few non-Byzantine readings. It is one of the very earliest purely Byzantine manuscripts, and belongs to the textual family Family E. Aland placed it in Category V. The text of Romans 16:25-27 is following 14:23, as in Codex Athous Lavrensis, Uncial 0209, Minuscule 181 326 330 451 460 614 1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495.UBS3, pp. 576-577. In 1 Timothy 3:16 it has textual variant (God manifested) (Sinaiticuse, A2, C2, Dc, K, L, P, Ψ, 81, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect), against ὃς ἐφανερώθη (he was manifested) supported by Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus, Ephraemi, Boernerianus, 33, 365, 442, 2127, ℓ 599.
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The highway returns to a due northerly course near Memorial Park and continues along the Southgate–Wyandotte city line. This area is mainly residential neighborhoods that extend in street grids on either side of the Fort Street boulevard, including the Old Homestead neighborhood of Southgate. Northbound lanes in Riverview The highway crosses the South Branch of the Ecorse River and enters the city of Lincoln Park, through which Fort Street angles slightly northeasterly before turning sharply to the northeast at Champaign Road. M-85's new direction keeps it parallel to the Detroit River about away. When the trunkline crosses the North Branch of the Ecorse River, M-85 enters the city of Detroit near Outer Drive. Fort Street runs parallel to I-75 through the Boynton–Oakwood Heights neighborhoods of the city. North of the intersection with Schaefer Highway, M-85 meets an interchange with I-75 and passes under the freeway, crossing to its northwest side. At this interchange, the LECT designation is transferred from M-85 to I-75.
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In linguistics, diglossia () is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used by a single language community. In addition to the community's everyday or vernacular language variety (labeled "L" or "low" variety), a second, highly codified lect (labeled "H" or "high") is used in certain situations such as literature, formal education, or other specific settings, but not used normally for ordinary conversation. In most cases, the H variety has no native speakers but various degrees of fluency of the community in which the two languages exist. The high variety may be an older stage of the same language (as in medieval Europe, where Latin remained in formal use even as colloquial speech diverged), an unrelated language, or a distinct yet closely related present day dialect, for example Hindustani (L) alongside the standard registers of Hindi (H) and Urdu (H); or Modern Standard Arabic alongside other varieties of Arabic; or Chinese, with Mandarin as the official, literary standard and local varieties of Chinese used in everyday communication.
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