130 Sentences With "learning disabled" | Random Sentence Generator

Ms. King also established a program for learning-disabled prison inmates.

Or is the learning-disabled teen being coached by law enforcement officials?

Steve Miklos came to the FRF to teach math to learning-disabled children.

John, who was learning disabled, taught himself to read by studying photography books.

As a young child, he had been classified as learning disabled and diagnosed with ADHD.

"My client is learning disabled and needs to stay in his current school," the attorney says.

The bride's mother retired as a reading teacher for learning-disabled students at schools in Huntington.

" The only students left back in my blue-collar Bronx neighborhood would today be described as "learning disabled.

He's diagnosed as learning disabled and schizophrenic, diagnoses his surviving nieces feel do not fit the man their family knew.

Levels as low as 4 µg/dL were linked to higher chances of being classified as learning disabled in elementary school.

Then come the non-profits: learning-disabled children from the Compassionate Heart Ministry, a family counselling group, staff from a mental-health foundation.

"I voted for Trump, and I think he's doing pretty good," said Alan Rosenbaum, who works with learning disabled children in Ashley, Penn.

He said that helped one family in Louisville, Ky., send their learning-disabled child to a private school with smaller classes and more individual attention.

The prosecution's case against Avery was buoyed by a confession provided to police by his teenage nephew, Brendan Dassey, described in the 10-part series as learning disabled.

It also infers that the videotaped confession of the then 16-year-old Dassey – who is described by multiple people on the show as learning disabled – was coerced.

Avery said that he couldn't have committed the murder on the proposed timeline, because he was with his learning disabled 16-year-old nephew and neighbor, Brendan Dassey.

His lawyers showed that he subsequently began failing all of his subjects and was classified as learning disabled, even though he had performed satisfactorily in kindergarten and first grade.

His "human capital" investments include spending to reduce school class sizes, improve instruction in poor neighborhoods, add services for the learning-disabled, and bolster vocational training for the unemployed.

In 2005, Avery, and teenaged nephew Dassey, who was learning-disabled, were arrested and later sentenced to life in prison for the killing of Halbach on their rural scrap car property near Manitowoc.

Similarly, American Indian or Alaska Native students were 90 percent more likely, black students were 50 percent more likely, and Hispanic students were 40 percent more likely to be identified as learning disabled.

More than anything, the event exposes the worrisome vulnerability of learning-disabled Paul, whose failure to inoculate himself against the routine dangers of his rough-and-tumble environs is reinforced by the "retarded" identity his family and teachers have imposed on him.

That is sobering stuff, but the most egregious misconduct shown in the documentary concerns not Avery but his nephew, Brendan Dassey—a stone-quiet, profoundly naïve, learning-disabled teen-ager with no prior criminal record, who is interrogated four times without his lawyer present.

He is the author of a memoir, "A Different Life: Growing Up Learning Disabled and Other Adventures," and "A Life's Work: Fathers and Sons," Quinn assisted in the making of HBO's I Can't Do This but I Can Do That, a film for families about learning differences, and HBO's The Newspaperman: The Life and Times of Ben Bradlee.

Instructor/Consultant - TalkingTabs, producing guitar instruction for the blind and learning disabled.

The game is voiced by actress Sarah Gordy (Call the Midwife) and other learning disabled artists.

Since 2005, the academic complex has been used by MindWare Academy, a school for the learning disabled.

In 2003, primary education was made compulsory, but the services for learning disabled students remain limited and fragmented.

A Maryland's Tomorrow program is available for at-risk students and a special education program is offered for learning-disabled students.

Itamar also has programs for the learning disabled and the physically disabled.Mark, Jonathan. "Twin Peaks: Itamar’s Mayor Knows The Blessing And Curse." JW.com.

Richard Phoenix told the Guardian that the aim was enable learning disabled musicians 'to perform live to integrated audiences in environments that aren't necessarily so safe, where it's not just a learning disability event. We want musicians to be part of the wider community and part of the wider music scene.'Patrick Strudwick, 'On stage talent counts, not disability', The Guardian, 1 April 2015 In 2013, Zombie Crash, Carousel's learning disabled metal band, toured the UK, supporting the Finnish learning disabled punk band, Pertti Kurikan Nimipäivät (PKN). The music video for their song Hardcore on Tour was later premiered on the Louder than War website. Guy Manchester of Louder than War described Zombie Crash as a 'British learning disabled metal band who’re attempting to reach out to a mainstream audience – and on the strength of the video...I’d say they totally deserve to achieve their goal.'.

It currently serves as the home ground of FC Tokyo U-23 in addition to the Ajinomoto Field Nishigaoka. The stadium hosted the Learning Disabled football championships in 2002 .

Most of the students under IDEA have been put in the category of LEARNING DISABLED (LD). The LD label is there to ensure that students get the proper help needed to obtain grade level performances. Dillon notes that there are 4 groups that service 80% of special education; Learning Disabled (LD), Emotional Disturbed (ED), Speech and Language Impairments & other Health Impairments, such as ADD. Since 1977 the population of students with disabilities has increased from 8% to 14% to 2006(Dillon).

Community High School was founded in 1968 in Demarest, New Jersey and was a pioneer in teaching learning-disabled students. It became one of the largest programs in the region to provide for students in need of special education.

Students with special needs struggle not only with writing and reading acquisition, but with social and emotional development and confidence about their writing.Staton, J., & Tyler, D. (1987). Dialogue journal use with learning-disabled students. The Pointer, pp. 4–8.

In 1999, Fernandes created Learning Disabled Kids, a non-profit website, as a way of helping others better understand dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, attention deficit disorder and other learning disabilities. For this, in 1999, he was awarded the Childnet International Award (UK).

The results showed that teachers held negative expectancies toward emotionally disturbed children, maintaining these expectancies even when presented with normal behavior. In addition, the mentally retarded label showed a greater degree of negative bias than the emotionally disturbed or learning disabled.

The Exceptional Student Education Department serves students with special needs including, but not limited to: learning disabled, emotionally handicapped, physically impaired, speech and language impaired, and gifted. Each ESE student is assigned a caseworker and an individualized education program based on their needs.

At Fort Benning, Georgia he went through boot camp and completed infantry school. Later, he graduated from Non-Commissioned Officer’s Academy. He then served in the Navy and the US Merchant Marines. As a child, Antonio was identified as a learning disabled dyslexic.

Klabunde began drawing as a young boy. Because he was learning disabled, his parents encouraged him to become a house painter. It never occurred to anyone, including Klabunde, that art would become his career. After high school, Klabunde studied drafting at the Omaha Technical School.

Sullivan, Ronald. "Jersey Township Gets Busing Plan; Union School Board Adopts Integration Proposal", The New York Times, February 19, 1969. Accessed July 18, 2018. Union is home to several private nursery schools and the Deron School, a private school for learning disabled students ages 5–13.

In October 2012, international students made up about a third of the student population of the Peterborough branch (seven from Australia, one student from the United Arab Emirates, and one from the United States).McCormick, Rob (9 October 2012). "Global reach at school for learning disabled". Peterborough Examiner.

The Blue Camel Club is a Brighton club night, held four times a year in Brighton's Corn Exchange. A typical line-up was described in 2015 in Disability Arts Online: 'Carousel’s Blue Camel Club is the big night out for hundreds of learning disabled music and dance fanatics in Brighton and beyond. This month’s line-up features London band The AutistiX, drum ensemble Unified Rhythm, the fabulous solo artist Catherine O’Rourke and the ever popular Carousel Singers. There are DJ’s, roaming radio reporters and films from the Oska Bright Film Festival. It’s the place to meet friends, hear great music and dance the night away, run and presented by a learning disabled team.

Projects throughout the State of Alaska Head Start Program (USA), Holly, Michigan (USA) and in Israel, Britain, Italy, India, and Japan are exploring the applications of the Basic instruments with young children and students with special needs, especially as a way to avoid the over-categorization of students as learning disabled.

14 Mar. 2016.and received a master's degree in education from Harvard University. McKy worked for over 20 years as a teacher to disadvantaged, learning disabled, and emotionally disturbed students. McKy's works include Tough Kids/Tough Classrooms, , It All Began With a Bean , and Freudian Feral, Gray's Sporting Journal, May/June 2002.

Before the schools of Argyle and Stephen consolidated in 1996, the schools shared faculty beginning in the early 1980s. Positions such as counselor, learning disabled instructor, and speech therapist were the first to be shared. In 1990, the elementary principal and librarian were shared. Sharing health and physical education teachers began in 1991.

In 2006, Pevec and Ian Bates developed an educational garden for 90 learning disabled students at the Facilitated Flatirons Academy in Lafayette. The Facilitated Flatirons Academy project was funded by the University of Colorado Outreach. She also created school gardens and horticulture education programs at Roaring Fork High School and Yampah Mountain High School.

One Hundred and Fifty: Carey Baptist Church 1867-2017. Notable past elders include Rev. Theodore Harold Bendor-Samuel. Theodore Bendor-Samuel, April 1998, Evangelical Times In the mid-1970s two members of Carey, David and Madeleine Potter, founded a Christian Charity called Prospects to support learning disabled adults and help them reach their full potential.

II Part 1 (London 1795/Reprint S.R.Publishers with Leicestershire County Council 1971), p. 6, note 3 (Hathi Trust). Leicestershire and Rutland Joint Board for the Mentally Defective bought the hall in 1932 for conversion to a hospital. Under the NHS it was a residential hospital for learning disabled children and had 157 beds in 1979.

CozmoBot was designed as an assistive tool for therapists and educators working with developmentally and learning disabled children, including those with autism and cerebral palsy. Enjoyable interaction with CozmoBot provides motivation for children to develop new skills more quickly than in traditional therapy. CozmoBot is designed to target many educational goals, ranging from communication to developmental goals.

In 1982 the school officially became accredited by the Middle States Association. An accreditation it still hold. In 1983, a special program for Learning Disabled students was established in what was once the old convent building for the sisters. At this time, the installation of air–conditioning in the classrooms in the old convent building was begun.

Educational opportunities include a challenging "College Prep" curriculum, a post secondary enrollment options program, general studies, in-house vocational programs in business, life skills, technology, and agriculture, and 25 vocational programs are offered through the Vocational School District. West Muskingum also provides instruction for the developmentally handicapped and learning disabled. Advanced placement courses are offered in English, Chemistry, Calculus, and History.

Elementary wing and library was added in 1969. In 1974 a special election was held to get bonds for the construction and equipment for a new physical education facility. The schools in Argyle and nearby Stephen began to share faculty in the early 1980s. The positions of Counselor, Learning Disabled Instructor and Speech were the first positions to be shared.

Paul Jenkins was raised by a single parent in the West Country of his native United Kingdom. He gained his first writing and directing experience while studying for his degree in acting. Jenkins moved to the United States in 1987, where he first taught music and drama to learning-disabled children before embarking on a successful career in the entertainment industry.

Shenfield, T. (2014). "Twice Exceptional: When Your Child is Both Gifted and Learning Disabled" Advanced Psychology A child prodigy who demonstrates qualities to be twice-exceptional may encounter additional difficulties. With insight at a young age, it is possible for them to be constantly aware of the risk of failure. This can be detrimental to their emotional state and academic achievement.

72 Aggiss and Cowie created three more shows with the company: 'La Soupe' (1990), 'The Surgeon's Waltz' (2000) and 'Rice Rain' (2001). Other choreographers who worked with High Spin included Rose English, Ben Craft, Laurie Booth, Miriam King and Maxine Doyle. High Spin came to an end following the decision to move away from integrated arts to projects controlled by the learning disabled artists themselves.

He is the producer of several documentary films including the 2007 film Life with VCFS about the syndrome and the VCFS International Center at Upstate Medical University, and is the associate producer of the 2010 HBO Family documentary film I Can't Do This But I CAN Do That: A Film for Families About Learning Differences. He is the author of the 2009 memoir A Different Life: Growing Up Learning Disabled and Other Adventures, documenting his efforts to overcome VCFS, and, with his father, he co-authored the 2012 book A Life's Work: Fathers and Sons. He is the webmaster of Friends of Quinn, a website which he created in 2008 as part of the HealthCentral Network for learning disabled individuals. It offers "resources and support for young adults with learning differences," and uses the dyslexic-friendly Dyslexie font to mitigate some of the issues that dyslexics experience when reading.

Retrieved 2017-06-10. About half of Landmark's full-time students transferred from another college due to a plethora of reasons such as lack of academic support or difficult to access academic support at former schools; or this may be due to the low number of tertiary-level students who disclose and seek help for their disability."Learning-disabled students get firmer grip on college". Mary Beth Marklein.

Architectural plans for the building were submitted in June 1916. It took less than a year to complete at a cost of $77,100.00, it opened mid-year 1917 as a primary school and closed as a school on June 4, 1968. Shortly after it was converted to house a training center for learning disabled adults, and used for that purpose for about 20 years. In 1974 President Gerald Ford visited the school.

Coleman's most recent publication (Coleman & McKnee 2007) is on the teaching of reading in primary schools, promoting the use of phonics. As a teacher in secondary modern schools in the 1940s prior to her career at King's College London, Coleman claims to have encountered only one pupil in 1200 unable to read. By comparison today perhaps 30 of these would be in special schools for the learning disabled and a further 300 illiterate.

This was followed by There Was a Door (1957), which looked at the care of the severely learning disabled and was sponsored by the Manchester Regional Hospital Board. This film represented his first social subject, an area that the British documentary film industry since the 1930s had had a strong track record. The film was subsequently televised by the BBC. In 1959 he made The Road to MIS, a film sponsored by BP to mark its fiftieth anniversary.

The Noel Program for Students with Disabilities is designed to assist disabled students with obtaining their degrees. The program offers services for those who are blind, deaf, or learning disabled, and "seeks to provide reasonable accommodations in order for students to receive equal access to a higher education while striving to assist students to obtain the knowledge, skills and confidence to become effective self advocates." Services offered include note-takers, interpreters, lab assistants, mobility training, and adaptive technology.

Clinical research has been done on the use of auditory and visual stimulation to improve cognitive abilities in learning-disabled children as well as in the treatment of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, lacking enough evidence to conclude that these treatments show efficacy, several studies indicate the potential to increase effects on IQ and reading levels in primary students (cite Olmstead, 2005), but also improvements in inattention and impulsiveness in children with ADHD (cite Siever).

In 1983, the Lab School moved to a more permanent residence and the success gave birth to a fund raising campaign in 1984 connecting famous figures with learning disabilities to supporting the school's efforts. In 2000, another campus of the Lab School opened in Baltimore to accommodate the growing interest of parents with learning disabled children. Smith established the Academic Club Teaching Service (ACTS) in 2005 to train educators at other intuitions in the Academic Club Method.

He lectured full-time at Penn for some years, was a Faculty in Residence for four years, and one year was selected, in the University's published book of student evaluations, as the most overall highly ranked faculty member at Penn. Kravinsky then worked for insurance companies designing and teaching training workshops in management development; taught handicapped ("learning disabled" and “socially and emotionally disturbed,” i.e., conduct-disordered) children in inner-city Philadelphia schools; and taught Transcendental Meditation.

The re-opened Arrowsmith School in Toronto attracted increasing numbers of students and eventually opened other branches. The Arrowsmith Program was also franchised to other private schools and in some public ones as well. In 2012 she published The Woman Who Changed Her Brain, an autobiographical account of how she overcame her own severe learning disabilities combined with 30 case studies of learning disabled children who she says overcame similar problems by using her method.Barmak, Sarah (1 June 2012).

For Carousel’s 30th birthday in 2012, the organisation collaborated with the music education department at Glyndebourne and artists from the Pallant House ‘Outside In’ project to create 'Goldrun'. This was a Cultural Olympiad show telling the story of the Special Olympics through song, film, music and visual arts. 'Goldrun' featured Carousel's new choir of 25 learning disabled people aged 16–35. They were helped by Glyndebourne to write a musical score, using their own words to tell the story.

He studied Philosophy and Experimental Psychology in Oxford and served in India in the Second World War. He became interested in studying the extent to with learning disabled individuals could still learn when studying for a PhD at the Institute of Psychiatry (now part of King's College London). With Jack Tizard he conducted groundbreaking experiments that showed that these individuals could indeed learn and be employed. This work led to greater awareness of the barriers created by residential care.

The priests, however, are conmen, and escape with their lives. That night, the ghost possesses Malan, who begins acting increasingly effeminate, alienating himself from Shaini and wearing women's clothes and jewelry. His family angrily confronts him, when it is revealed that there are actually three ghosts who have possessed him: a violent woman, a Tamil Hindu Man named Ramu, and a learning disabled boy. With the possession, Malan kills a women by hanging and a thug Wasantha by engraving him with his van.

Learning-disabled offenders who are a continuing risk to others may be detained in learning-disability hospitals (or specialised community-based units with a similar regimen, as the hospitals have mostly been closed). This includes those who commit serious crimes of violence, including sexual violence, and fire-setting. They would be cared for by learning disability psychiatrists and registered learning disability nurses. Some psychiatrists doing this work have dual training in learning disability and forensic psychiatry or learning disability and adolescent psychiatry.

The peg system is commonly used by Mental Athletes for memory competitions for events like card memorization as well as digit memorization. The peg system has also been applied in a classroom with learning disabled students. The students that used the peg system performed significantly better than the control in both immediate and delayed tests. Several studies have investigated the use of this memory mnemonic as a form of an imagery-based memory system within the process of learning a second- language.

Dickinson has been a teacher for over twenty-five years serving as both faculty member and visiting artist at various art schools, colleges, and universities; and in writing centers with diverse populations [students from Mexico, China, Japan, Egypt, Viet Nam, Pakistan, Norway, Iraq, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and France], American culinary students, self-identified learning disabled students, and homeless women. A first generation college graduate, Dickinson holds a doctorate from the Creative Writing Program at the University of Denver (2012).

The main section of the Arrowsmith School in Toronto. Barbara Arrowsmith Young and her then-husband, Joshua Cohen founded the original Toronto school in 1980 to teach learning disabled children using the program and exercises that Arrowsmith Young had begun devising for herself in 1978 and which she claimed enabled her to overcome her own severe learning difficulties.Doidge, Norman (2008). Chapter 2: "Building Herself a Better Brain", The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science. Penguin.

Guy Manchester, 'Watch This! Zombie Crash -The Learning Disabled Metal Band- Release New Video In Which They Make Mincemeat Of A Boyband', Louder than War, 30 April 2015 The video also impressed Radio 6 Music DJ Marc Riley, who tweeted, 'These fellas are so cool....They've learning disabilities but are riding a Heavy Metal Beast! I salute em!'Marc Riley on Twitter, 5 May 2015 Zombie Crash's first London gig, in 2014, was sold out, with around 700 people attending.

Rosa Monckton served as the president of Tiffany & Co. She was later Chief Executive of Asprey & Garrard until in 2002 she became a non-executive chairman of Asprey London and Garrard & Co. In 2017, Monckton wrote a controversial piece for The Spectator arguing for learning-disabled people to be able to work for less pay than minimum wage, citing 1.3 million unemployed people of 1.4 million people with learning disabilities in the UK. This article was criticised by members of the disability rights movement.

Barbara Arrowsmith Young (born November 28, 1951) is a Canadian author, entrepreneur and lecturer. She is the founder of the Arrowsmith School in Toronto and the controversial Arrowsmith Program which forms the basis of the school's teaching method. In 2012 she published The Woman Who Changed Her Brain which combines an autobiographical account of her own severe learning disabilities and the method she developed to overcome them with case studies of learning disabled children who she claims overcame similar problems by using her method.

The Gifted Over Learning Disabled (GOLD) Program is a district program designed for gifted students who have also been identified as having a learning disability. The acceptance rate is very low with an average of only about 8 students per year. Students in the program have at least one GOLD block as part of their regular timetable with GOLD English also being offered at the grade 8 level. The curriculum of the program includes communication skills, decision making, subject and personal support, self-awareness and self- advocacy.

The theatre company with which he performed, Celebrity Pig (of which he is patron), is made up of learning disabled actors. In August 2006, Eccleston filmed New Orleans, Mon Amour with Elisabeth Moss. The film was directed by Michael Almereyda and shot in post- Hurricane Katrina New Orleans. It was released in 2008 to film festivals in America and Italy. Late in 2006 he starred in Perfect Parents, an ITV drama written and directed by Joe Ahearne, who had directed him in Doctor Who.

Alma and Arturo Rivera leave their comfortable surroundings in Pátzcuaro, Mexico when their daughter Maribel suffers a severe head injury. Their journey into the United States leads them to Newark, Delaware where they have located a school, Evers, for the learning disabled. Maribel's head injury has left her severely brain damaged, and they plan to enroll her in Evers in hopes of helping her with her recovery. Arturo has obtained a work visa, and he is able to get a job at a mushroom factory.

In 2003, Carousel, in partnership with the community film production company Junk TV, created the Oska Bright Film Festival. This is the world's first and, so far, only International Film Festival showing short films made by people with learning disabilities, which is also produced, managed and presented by a learning disabled team. The festival takes place in the Brighton Dome Corn Exchange every two years. In between festivals, Oska Bright tours the UK and abroad, showing the films and delivering training sessions to people with learning disabilities.

From 1984 to 1986, Neuman was a Senior Research Associate for the Educational Development Center (EDC) in Newton, Massachusetts. EDC is a nonprofit organization that designs, delivers and evaluates innovative programs to address urgent challenges in education, health and economic opportunity. While at EDC, Neuman worked on a US Department of Education field-based project focused on the use of microcomputers to facilitate writing development in learning disabled children. She also taught and conducted research as an associate professor at University of Massachusetts Lowell from 1984 to 1990.

Since around 1970 several well-known local buildings have been demolished, including the palatial art deco Odeon Cinema (a great loss to both the town and the county); the Warwick Castle Pub; the Waverley Hotel; Barker House, a large home for the learning disabled, and Groom's Crippleage, which housed orphaned handicapped girls from London. Cordy's, a well-known large seafront restaurant has recently been demolished. The site of Butlin's Holiday Camp was redeveloped as a housing estate. The once famously crowded bus station in Jackson Road has become a car park.

Minimally Invasive Education in school adduces there are many reasons why children may have difficulty learning, especially when the learning is imposed and the subject is something the student is not interested in, a frequent occurrence in modern schools. Schools also label children as "learning disabled" and place them in special education even if the child does not have a learning disability, because the schools have failed to teach the children basic skills.Snell, Lisa. (2002), "Special education confidential: how schools use the 'learning disability' label to cover up their failures," Reason December 1, 2002.

Arrowsmith Young and Cohen married in 1980 and opened the Arrowswmith School for learning disabled children in Toronto that same year. Its curriculum was based on the exercises which Arrowsmith Young had developed for herself and which came to be known as the Arrowsmith Program. She named the school after her paternal grandmother (born Louie May Arrowsmith in 1883), who as a young girl had been one of the pioneer settlers of Creston, British Columbia. The Toronto school gradually expanded and in 1991 she and Cohen opened a second school in Brooklyn, New York.

He worked for two years as a school teacher in London and ran several youth organisations in South London. In 1971 he published a pamphlet How the West Indian Child Is Made Educationally Subnormal in the British School System: The Scandal of the Black Child in Schools in Britain."Why I wrote the 'ESN book'", The Guardian, 5 February 2005. The pamphlet explained that British schools had a pervasive bias toward treating white children as normal, which led to black children being labelled as "educationally subnormal" (learning-disabled).

As of 2019, Woodland High School had a graduation rate of 83%, the highest among Bartow County's high schools. As of 2017, 13% of Woodland High School students are enrolled in least one Advanced Placement (AP) course during the school year, whereas the median across high schools that offer AP courses in Georgia is 16%. Additionally, 12% of students of Woodland High School are learning disabled, which is slightly above average compared to the median across high schools in Georgia (11%). Advanced Placement courses are offered in Social Studies, Sciences and Mathematics.

The vast majority of children with learning disabilities have reading disabilities as their major deficiency. In fact, many children who are considered learning disabled because of other obstacles also have reading difficulties. In addition, as a member of our ever increasingly complex society, a society in which employment requires literacy, a student who does not graduate from high school, and who has poor reading skills, is likely to be doomed to extremely poor economic realities. The eventual cost to society for what might be a preventable difficulty is high.

The town was named for Samuel Willis, a landholder and founded in 1763 as a royal grant from Governor Benning Wentworth of the Royal colony of New Hampshire. Events: During the night of July 7, 1984, an Amtrak train with 287 people aboard hit a landslide and derailed, killing five people and injuring about two hundred. Although the accident triggered one of Vermont's most intensive emergency responses, the final victims were not rescued until the end of the day. A private, boarding high school, Pine Ridge, was founded in 1968 to serve learning-disabled students.

In 2015, Carousel launched 'Curing Perfect', an interactive online graphic novel, available as an iphone app. It was created by a team of learning disabled artists, collaborating with the digital artists Alex Peckham (Blast Theory), Simon Wilkinson (Circa69) and Drs June Jones and Geoffrey Brown of The University of Birmingham. 'Curing Perfect' uses digital media to engage the public in the difficult issues of ‘curing’ disability and creating the perfect person. According to Becky Bruzas, Curing Perfect speaker and presenter, 'A year ago I read an article that claimed Downs Syndrome could be cured.

It made me think about my condition, which is incurable, and about the future and what could happen.'Becky Bruzas, quoted on the Arts Council website Curing Perfect's storyline has three chapters, allowing the player to move through various locations in an imagined city, represented on a map. As they explore the city, players are challenged to create the perfect person and interact with what they find. The imagined world has been illustrated by William Hanekom, with a story-line by Jason Eade, who are both learning disabled.

The backward Corsi block tapping task has also been used in studying the differences in the processes used between the Digit Span forward and backward and the Corsi block tapping forward and backward. In a study with visuospatial learning disabled (VSLD) children, they found that only the VSLD children had significantly impaired performance on the Corsi backward task as compared to the forward, while both the control group and the VSLD group showed poor performance on the digit span backward compared to the forward. This indicates that the backward Corsi block tapping uses specific spatial processes.

Carrie Rozelle (née Dike) (October 31, 1937 - October 29, 2007) was a Canadian-born American disabilities activist, whose struggles with her own learning-disabled son, Jack, led her to establish the National Center for Learning Disabilities. Rozelle was married to former NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle, who died in 1996. Born in Port Dalhousie, Ontario, to Philip and Ziva Dyke, she was married to Ralph Kent Cooke, son of Jack Kent Cooke, a Canadian businessman and onetime owner of the Washington Redskins and Los Angeles Lakers, for thirteen years until their divorce in 1972. They had four children, three sons and a daughter.

College at night In 1995, Tel Hai College opened the Center for Learning Disabled Students, the first of its kind in Israel. The center enables students with learning disabilities to thrive and excel in a competitive academic environment and realize their individual potential. The center caters to students with dyslexia (difficulties in organizing and processing written materials), dysgraphia (difficulty with written expression), foreign language learning and many other types of learning disorders. Sophisticated diagnostic tests are used to pinpoint areas of difficulty, so that maximum time and energy can be spent on learning how to overcome them.

IDEA now authorizes the use of up to 15% of IDEA allocated funds for EIS. RTI was included in the regulations due to considerable concerns raised by both the House and Senate Committees regarding proponents of RTI claims about the use of IQ tests to identify learning disabled students. There was also recognition in these committees of a growing body of scientific research supporting methods of pre- referral interventions that resolved learning difficulties short of classification. However, the final regulations also allow a third method of SLD identification, often considered a processing strengths and weaknesses model.

In a suit by a group of black parents against the California school system, he ruled in 1979 that I.Q. tests had a built-in bias against blacks. He prohibited their use statewide because he said they improperly classified some blacks as retarded. He broadened this order in 1986 to forbid use of the tests to identify blacks as being "learning disabled" or to assess their learning disabilities. He withdrew the 1986 order in September 1992 after another group of black parents sued to allow their children to be given I.Q. tests to evaluate learning disabilities.

In describing what he considered "the most rewarding moment" of his career, Grossman stated that the game's writing and use of spoken and subtitled dialog assisted a learning-disabled child in learning how to read. Telltale Games CEO Dan Connors commented in 2009 that an episodic game based on Day of the Tentacle was "feasible", but depended on the sales of the Monkey Island games released that year. In 2018, a fan-made sequel, Return of the Tentacle, was released free by a team from Germany. The game imitates the art style of the Remastered edition and features full voice acting.

Because of her background as an educationalist, Warnock was appointed in 1974 to chair a UK inquiry on special education. Her report, published in 1978, brought radical change in the field, by placing emphasis on the teaching of learning-disabled children in mainstream schools and introducing a system of "statementing" children in order for them to gain entitlement to special educational support. Warnock subsequently expressed dissatisfaction with the system that she helped to create, calling it "appalling" because of the expense of its administration and its tendency to deny support to mildly disadvantaged children. She recommended the establishment of a new inquiry.

Carousel is a learning disability led arts organization founded in Brighton, as a charity, in 1982. Carousel promotes the active involvement of people with a learning disability in the arts, managing projects by and for learning disabled people, thus enabling them 'to develop and manage their creative lives, true to their voice and vision, challenging expectations of what great art is and who can create it.''What we do', Mission statement on Carousel's website Carousel works in music, radio, performance, digital media and film. Initiatives include the international Oska Bright Film Festival and Creative Minds, a national conversation about learning disability arts.

With his wife Lady Jane Ogilvy, he was largely responsible for the foundation of Baldovan Institute in 1852, Scotland's first residential hospital for learning disabled children. He was closely involved, along with Dr James Arrott, the head physician, in the moving of Dundee Royal Infirmary to a new site, and played a prominent part in the laying of the foundation stone for the new building on 22 July 1852. He also established the Dundee Corn Exchange in 1856. He made an unsuccessful attempt to represent Montrose in parliament when a by-election was called there in 1855.

Dismayed at the low levels of learning that she felt some students were experiencing in particular areas, Collins took $5,000 (a large sum of money at that time) from her own teacher's retirement fund and started a private school in the top floors of the brownstone in the West Garfield Park neighborhood where she lived in 1975. The school she started was called Westside Preparatory School. Westside Prep became an educational and commercial success. Collins created her low-cost private school specifically for the purpose of teaching low income black children whom Collins felt that the Chicago Public School System had labeled as being learning disabled.

It ran parent-education workshops, created book collections for children with matching tapes and film strips, and held training sessions for librarians. The foundation, which became known as the National Center for Learning Disabilities in 1989, provides support to more than a million families a year and has an annual budget of four million dollars. It focuses on early screening programs (about three hundred fifty thousand children were tested in 2006); informing parents on how to deal with school systems, and promoting public policies connected with the rights of the learning disabled. Rozelle died of cancer on October 29, 2007, two days before her seventieth birthday, in Rancho Santa Fe, California.

By having specific task lists, students can stay on task. By having specific sources of information, students can focus on using resources to answer questions rather than vetting resources to use which is a different skill altogether. In inclusive classrooms (classrooms that have students of varying exceptionalities interacting such as learning disabled, language impaired, or giftedness) tasks can be differentiated to a skill level or collaborative groups for the same level of task. A skill level may have students with learning disabilities working on a basic task to meet the minimum standard of learning skills and gifted students pushing their task to the higher end of the learning skill.

Royal Earlswood Hospital c.1854 Ann Serena Plumbe took an interest in the plight of the learning disabled, or "idiots" as they were termed at the time, and began to discuss what could be done to assist them in 1847. In discussion with Dr John Conolly (of the Hanwell Asylum) and Rev Dr Andrew Reed (a philanthropist and founder of several orphanages) they determined to educate such people. Reed toured Europe to gather information on institutions serving the purpose and in October the project to found The Asylum for Idiots, as it was originally called, began with the appointment of a board of management.

Brewster, E., Willox, EG., Haut F. (2008). Assessing fitness to plead in Scotland's learning disabled. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 19:4,597-602 Other jurisdictions address issues of a defendant's ability to meaningfully participate in the proceedings in a variety of ways. For example, in New York, if a defendant's capacity to understand the proceedings and participate in his or her defense is in question, the court will order that the defendant be examined by two independent medical professionals and conduct a hearing to consider the medical evidence, a procedure known as a "730 examination" as it is governed by Section 730 of the New York Criminal Procedure Law.

Many immigrants in the United States suffer from structural poverty reinforced by the education system. They often settle in segregated, impoverished communities where the schools are too under-resourced to accommodate for English language learners, proven to be a significant risk factor for the educational outcomes of migrant populations. Cultural differences in learning styles or thinking patters lead to students being mislabeled as “learning disabled” or “slow,” resulting their stratification among peers such as grade repetition or exclusion from necessary college preparation. Further, the dominant use of high-stakes testing in United States to make educational decisions puts English language learners at a disadvantage.

Special services may include speech therapy, occupational therapy, educational aides, and other services as appropriate and called for. A Director of Special Education, currently Sharon Weber-Oleszkiewicz, manages East Brunswick Public Schools' program of providing special services. At the district level, the Director is supported by a Supervisor of Elementary School Special Education, a Supervisor of Secondary School Special Education, and a Supervisor of Autism Spectrum Program. Special education is supported at the schools by individual professionals including specialists (math, reading, and speech), special education teachers, teacher resource personnel, teacher aides, and child study team personnel (a category which may include psychologists, learning disabled teaching consultants, and social workers).

Despite her learning difficulties and the need to read research papers over 20 times before fully comprehending them, she graduated with a BA.Sc in child studies from the University of Guelph in 1974. After graduating she worked for two years as the head teacher of the university's laboratory preschool before embarking on a master's degree in applied psychology at the University of Toronto's Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE). She completed her Masters dissertation, A follow up study of a clinical sample, in 1982. It examined the progress of 62 students who had been previously assessed as learning disabled at the OISE's education clinic.

From 1983 to 1995 he first attended the Polytechnic Secondary School "Adolf Hennecke" and then the Lichtenberg-Gymnasium in Leipzig-Grünau, where he passed his Abitur in 1995. This was followed by community service with the city of Leipzig in a home for severely and multiply handicapped children and young people. During his law studies at the University of Leipzig, he worked for Barbara Höll and Heidemarie Lüth, who were members of the German Bundestag at the time. Subsequently, he studied to become a teacher for special schools with a focus on education for the mentally handicapped and education for the learning disabled until 2009.

Specialized schools are offered as well: Pestalozzi School for the learning disabled and, administered by the district of Karlsruhe, Karl- Berberich-School for the mentally disabled. The district also runs the four vocational schools located in Bruchsal. They are the Balthasar-Neumann-School I, Balthasar-Neumann-School II (teaching artisan, mechanics and other hands-on occupations), the merchant and bookkeeping school (teaching administrative and merchant professions) and Käthe-Kollwitz-School (teaching professions in the field of home economics). The Abendrealschule Bruchsal allows students with middle school diplomas to achieve the first in a series of steps to gain college entrance prerequisites on a part-time basis after work.

Achern has a college-track highschool (Gymnasium Achern), a non-college- track highschool (Robert-Schumann-Realschule), a school for the learning disabled (Achertalschule), three grammar and middle schools with a vocational highschool (Antoniusschule Oberachern, Grund- und Hauptschule mit Werkrealschule Achern, Grund- und Hauptschule Önsbach and Vinzenz-Wachter- Schule), as well as five grammar schools, one each in the boroughs of Gamshurst, Grossweier, Mösbach, Sasbachried and Wagshurst. Ortenau County operates two vocational training schools (Gewerbeschule Achern and Kaufmännische und Hauswirtschaftliche Schule), the Maiwaldschule for the language handicapped, and the nursing school that is attached to the County Hospital in Achern. Furthermore, Achern is home of the Music and Art School Achern-Oberkirch.

Both the mother and father were given six months to complete these requirements to regain custody of their children. At the end of the six months, the mother was issued a new plan which incorporated individual therapy, attending anger management classes, attending parenting classes for learning-disabled children, while still maintaining a permanent, clean residence. At the twelve-month dispositional hearing, the juvenile court found DCFS had provided appropriate services to the parents but that the parents had only partially completed the service plans. After consulting with the children's psychologist, it was decided that interaction with the parents was not beneficial for the children and that it was unsafe for the children to be returned to either parent.

She has also contributed to several anthologies including The Best American Poetry 1993,Ploughshares > Authors > Alice B. FogelBarrow Street > Winter 2002 Contributors Robert Hass's Poet's Choice, and Claiming the Spirit Within. Fogel's honors include nine Pushcart Prize nominations, Best of the Web, and a 1997 literature fellowship from the National Endowment for the ArtsNational Endowment for the Arts > Forty Years of Supporting American Writers > Literature Fellows and the New England Poetry Club's Daniel Varoujan AwardNew Hampshire State Council on the Arts > Arts & Artists > New Hampshire Poet Showcase > Alice Fogel among other awards. She works one-on-one with learning disabled students at Landmark College and teaches a variety of programs around the state of New Hampshire.

Nadeen L. Kaufman (born January 1945) is an American psychology professor known for her work on learning disability. Born in Brooklyn and raised on Long Island, she earned a bachelor of science in Education from Hofstra University in 1965; master's degree in Educational Psychology from Columbia University in 1972; Ed.M. in Learning and Reading Disabilities from Columbia University in 1975; and Ed.D. in Special Education—Neurosciences from Columbia University in 1978 (under Margaret Jo Shepherd). Kaufman has taught learning-disabled children and worked as a school psychologist, learning disabilities specialist, university professor, and founder-director of several psychoeducational clinics. She also was a direct participant in the development and standardization of the McCarthy Scales and WISC-R.

Engraving of the Hospital made around 1660 by Adam Pérelle. The Salpêtrière was originally a gunpowder factory (saltpetre being a constituent of gunpowder), but in 1656 at the direction of Louis XIV, it was converted into a hospice for the poor women of Paris as part of the General Hospital of Paris. It served as a prison for prostitutes, and a holding place for women who were learning disabled, mentally ill or epileptic, as well as poor; it was also notable for its population of rats and a bloated and unresponsive bureaucracy. Although the Pitié-Salpêtrière was much admired for the architectural ambitions of Libéral Bruant, it provided wretched living conditions for its inmates.

At first, many of the children lack confidence, especially when they learn that they will be expected to read difficult books, memorize poetry, and write daily themes. Overtime, Collins gains their trust, praising them for everything they do right rather than reprimanding them for getting wrong answers, even getting the unconfident Tina and the difficult Martin to become excited about learning. Eventually, the school gains more students, many of whom public schools considered learning disabled. Collins returns to the courthouse to inquire about gaining state recognition, as she discovers that there are parents who will not send their children to her unrecognized school, only to discover that the forms she had previously worked hours filling out were lost.

However, as Doidge also acknowledged in the chapter, the Arrowsmith Program has been controversial. Widespread doubt and criticism has emerged from several psychologists, neuroscientists and learning experts. This has centered on the lack of scientific evidence used by the program to demonstrate its efficacy and on its underlying rationale which its critics say represents an oversimplification and misapplication of neuroscientific concepts. Coinciding with Barbara Arrowsmith Young's speaking tour of Australia in 2012, the Catholic Education Office in Sydney announced that it would begin a pilot study involving 20 learning disabled students in their last two years of high school who would be offered the Arrowsmith Program for two years beginning in 2013.

Besides working for NBC at the Rio Olympics, and Turner Sports' coverage of the NBA, Zumoff has done play-by-play for NBC Sports Philadelphia and The Comcast Network's coverage of high school football and college football. He also fills in for MLS's Philadelphia Union doing play by play. In addition to regular appearances at community functions on behalf of the 76ers and NBC Sports Philadelphia, Zumoff also chairs an annual golf outing benefiting Maccabi USA. In the past, Zumoff has hosted the golf outing "Tee Off with Zumoff" benefiting the Pathway School for learning disabled students as well as the Points for Peace 3-on-3 basketball tournament at the Palestra.

These screening activities include: review of group-based data (cumulative records, enrollment records, health records, report cards, ability and achievement test scores); hearing, vision, motor, and speech/language screening; and review by the Instructional Support Team or Student Assistance Team. When screening results suggest that the student may be eligible, the District seeks parental consent to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation. Parents who suspect their child is eligible may verbally request a multidisciplinary evaluation from a professional employee of the district or contact the Special Education Department. Bangor Area School District provides programs for students with the following disabilities: learning disabled, autistic, deafness/hearing impairment, emotional disturbance, mental retardation, multiply disabled, orthopedic impairment, other health impaired, speech/language impaired, traumatic brain injured and visual impairment, including blindness.

7th Order band members (on Discogs) Upon having changed their home base to the Hawaiian Islands, the band has shown some interest in supporting benefits and community causes. A broadcast in May 2009 originating from KKCR radio on the Hawaiian island of Kauai featured several station ID promos (done by band founder Jones, who was introduced as "...of 7th Order"), recorded for one of the station's yearly "fund drives". Members also autographed and donated copies of The Lake of Memory CD for attendees of a benefit motorcycle run for Aseltine School, a school that "helps meet the educational needs of emotionally disturbed and learning disabled students from throughout San Diego County" in San Diego, California - held on July 22, 2011.

Problem: much education disseminated over long or short distances, but not in a physical classroom, lacks some, or all of the educational modalities required by a very large of group of students with disabilities, namely, for the blind or learning disabled, ways of receiving information by touch, (the somatosensory system), and /or tactile manipulation, for example. To arrive at, perhaps, a potential solution/direction of a solution, to the problem, Treviranus conducted research that examined the understanding of spatial ideas like geography by using a number of non-visual techniques: haptics (haptic technology, haptic communication, haptic perception, haptic poetry, and haptic media), 3D real world sounds and talking to figure out the best ways to communicate various kinds of data.

In 2009, David Deming evaluated the program, using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. He compared siblings and found that those who attended Head Start showed stronger academic performance as shown on test scores for years afterward, were less likely to be diagnosed as learning-disabled, less likely to commit crime, more likely to graduate from high school and attend college, and less likely to suffer from poor health as an adult. A randomize study of the pre-k program serving socioeconomically disadvantaged children in Tennessee found short-term gains in language, literacy and math outcomes for pre-k participants compared with children who did not participate, which was also confirmed by a discontinuity analysis (Lip, Farran, Bilbrey, Hofer, & Dong, 2011). Lee collected data across sixty Head Start classrooms in 2007 and 2008.

There she meets Peter Rowne – an even more disabled, even more intelligent boy slightly older than her, Karen – a severely learning-disabled 'frienemy', and Tom – a docile and courageous, though sometimes invasive young boy with Down syndrome, who becomes her lifelong ally and protector. At the age of eleven, Esther takes up residence with her father, and finally manages to communicate her intelligence to him with Tom's help (specialists had emphatically cautioned her father and able-bodied carers not to see intelligence that wasn't there). She is subsequently sent off to Netherton – an adapted school for highly gifted disabled students. Having squandered her first term, the death of Peter Rowne from pneumonia, and her recently reconnected Grandmother's firm words, inspire a reformation in her, and she does exceptionally well.

Beate Hermelin was a gifted experimentalist who was inspired by paradigms from general experimental psychology to apply them to unusual and difficult populations, that is, learning disabled children, who at that time lived in long stay hospitals and were thought to be ineducable. Jointly with Neil O'Connor she started an important series of experiments to elucidate childhood autism Another of their research projects concerned comparisons of abstract cognitive abilities of individuals with specific sensory impairments, such as lack of vision or hearing. In later years, after retirement, Beate Hermelin summarized her research on savant syndrome, written in a semi-biographical fashion. In all these fields of knowledge Beate Hermelin made major contributions that propelled the field of developmental psychology into the field now known as developmental cognitive neuroscience.

Prospects is a Christian charity in the United Kingdom whose aim is to support learning disabled adults, and to enable them to reach their full potential. It was founded in the mid-1970s by David Potter, a Christian minister, who was drawn to the needs of these adults because he and his wife had a daughter with Down syndrome. The charity's method of operation is to seek a partnership with a local church before opening a residential facility; this dates back to the original residence, Plas Lluest, near Aberystwyth, which was purchased and established with the help of the Alfred Place Baptist Church in Aberystwyth, with the child of two members of that congregation as the first resident. Based on the headline over the article Potter wrote and published in the Evangelical Times, Prospects was originally called A Cause for Concern.

The ideas for Flowers for Algernon developed over 14 years and were inspired by events in Keyes's life, starting in 1945 with Keyes's conflict with his parents, who were pushing him through a pre-medical education despite his desire to pursue a writing career. Keyes felt that his education was driving a wedge between him and his parents, and this led him to wonder what would happen if it were possible to increase a person's intelligence. A pivotal moment occurred in 1957 while Keyes was teaching English to students with special needs; one of them asked him if it would be possible to be put into an ordinary class (mainstreamed) if he worked hard and became smart. Keyes also witnessed the dramatic change in another learning- disabled student who regressed after he was removed from regular lessons.

The Special Education teachers then host Individualized Education Program (IEP), or 504 plan meetings with each of the special education students' parents or guardians regarding how well they are being challenged and reaching their goals, as well as some advice on certain behaviors each of the special education students should either try to engage more in, or refrain from doing, in order to fully reach their learning potential in the classroom setting/ school environment and seamlessly interact with their other non-learning disabled peers. As of 2009, 69% and 58.2% of all students were proficient in reading and mathematics, respectively. 61.7% of all students were eligible to participate in the government-funded free and reduced lunch program. Kenmoor Middle School mainly serves the communities of Landover, Landover Hills, and Glenarden, as well as most of Cheverly and Tuxedo.

The club held a fundraising event for the Jersey Shore Jazz & Blues Foundation and the Acoustic Musicians Guild, and also sponsored a concert at which Bruce Springsteen appeared in support of the Parkinson's Disease Foundation, and a benefit event for the family of a young man who lost his life in a motorcycle accident. The club partnered with the community in offering the first Asbury Park showing of a photography exhibit spotlighting the city by students of the Rugby School at Woodfield for learning disabled and behaviorally challenged students. The Stone Pony's management also established "The Stone Pony Foundation" to promote music education at the elementary and high school levels. An amplifier was purchased for an aspiring teenage blues guitarist from the area, and the club was a sponsor for an event at another venue which benefited music and art education in Asbury Park schools.

Harrington helped shape the novel "fraud on the market" doctrine in security fraud cases, adopted the controversial use of "repressed memory" in sexual abuse cases, formulated the scholastic standards required of learning- disabled students in private schools, required standards for public school teachers and due diligence for federal regulators of the fishing industry, fashioned discovery rules for electronic documents, and upheld the supremacy of the cell-phone tower statute over local zoning regulations. He participated in many major patent cases involving significant inventions in the medical, electronic, and communication fields, and applied the anti-trust theory to "buy-out" companies’ conspiring to depress the value of corporations intended to be acquired. His opinions in McGuire v. Reilly resolved the contentious confrontations between pro-life protesters and abortion clinic employees outside a Brookline abortion clinic by imposing on equal protection grounds the same counseling restrictions on both adversaries.

Critics had other issues with the play's portrayal of the autism spectrum beyond the use of the puppet. Dr. Shaun May, a senior lecturer in drama and theatre at the University of Kent, wrote a thorough review of the play outlining some of these concerns, including broader issues, such as lack of meaningful engagement with the autistic community and venue accessibility, and more specific issues regarding the portrayal of autism in the script, including the puppet's stationary expression giving the impression of "nobody there"; Tamora's personality seeming to evoke the "refrigerator mother" trope; and the repeated comparisons of Laurence to animals, particularly dogs. He draws parallels with the portrayal of the learning-disabled character, Lennie, in John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men and refers to a critique of this character written by disability studies specialist Sonya Freeman Loftis. British theatre director Stephen Unwin also weighed in on representation in his review, criticizing the play for seeming to suggest that all of the family's problems are Laurence's fault.

The Hawaii Healthy Start program, which targets expecting and new parents who may be at risk of abusing or neglecting their children, became the model for the Healthy Families America home visiting program that the United States Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs identified in 2010 as a "promising" approach to child abuse prevention. The Healthy and Ready to Learn Center was a three-year pilot project to initiate training and health delivery services in an integrated system of care, with pediatric residents and graduate students in social work and early childhood education working as a team. In addition, Sia spearheaded the creation of the Variety School for learning disabled children, a Honolulu- based educational institution for children ages 5 through 13. Sia retired from his Honolulu-based medical practice in 1996, after almost 40 years of treating patients, but continues to promote Medical Home and community pediatrics as professor of Pediatrics at the University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine.

Tribbett was unemployed at the time of his arrest, and has described himself as alcohol-dependent and learning-disabled. One of the fires allegedly set by Tribbett was the home of a 90-year-old man, who escaped uninjured. At the time of his arrest, Tribbett was on probation in Lancaster County for pleading guilty to criminal mischief in June 2006. He is currently awaiting trial on arson charges. George Donkewicz, a 22-year-old Coatesville resident, was arrested on December 9 for setting two fires, including one that killed 83-year-old Irene Kempest on December 7. Donkewicz was arrested shortly after setting a fire on December 9 on Strode Avenue, the same street where Kempest had lived. The December 9 fire occurred at 4:19 a.m. under the back porch steps of an apartment building, but was quickly extinguished by responders before it caused any significant damage. Donkewicz was observed by police near the fire and arrested about an hour later; during police interviews, he admitted to starting both the December 7 and December 9 fires.