His abiding interest in religious thought led him to write "The Book of J" (1990), in which he asserted — without a great deal of evidence — that the first author of the Hebrew Bible was a learned woman in King Solomon's court.
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Benjamin Stillingfleet (1702–1771) was a botanist, translator and author. He is said to be the first Blue Stocking, a phrase from which is derived the term bluestocking now used to describe a learned woman.
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Her obituary in The Times described her as "the most learned woman historian of the pre-academic period." Norgate contributed 44 entries to the Dictionary of National Biography. In 1929 she was elected an honorary fellow of Somerville College, Oxford.
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Birgitte was born in 1610 to the nobleman Christen Thott and Sophie Below in Turebygård. She was the sister of Henrik Thott (1606–1676). Thott lost her father at only 6 years old. Her mother was a learned woman and educated her in language and literature.
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The infant died in Lunéville on 6 May 1751.See D. W. Smith, "Nouveaux regards". Émilie was a brilliant and learned woman, known all over Europe for her translation of Newton. Her love affair and pregnancy created scandal and inspired satirical mirth; her death was a shock to everyone.
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Elisabeth the hunter.Throughout her adult years, Elisabeth corresponded with many renowned intellectuals of her time. By 1639, Elisabeth was corresponding with Anna Maria van Schurman, a learned woman, called the Dutch Minerva. In an early letter van Schurman offered Elisabeth guidance on what subjects to study, arguing for the usefulness of history.
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Samuel Larsson Stjerneld (1637–1716) was son of Lars Gustafsson Vasa and Brita Törnros. In unknown year Samuel espoused an Englishwoman, Brita Ratskin (her mother a Sydney), a learned woman, who spoke Latin, understood Greek, and died in childbirth. They had daughter Catharina Stjerneld. In 1682 he married Margaretha Bethzen, daughter of Dutch merchant Mathias.
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He is often quoted in the edited tosafot. Judah married Rashi's second daughter Miriam, and they had several children. Their son Yom Tov later moved to Paris and headed a yeshiva there, along with his brothers Shimson and Eliezer; their daughter, Alvina, was a learned woman whose customs served as the basis for later halakhic decisions.
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Leoba (also Lioba and Leofgyth) (c. 710 – 28 September 782) was an Anglo-Saxon Benedictine nun and is recognized as a saint. In 746 she and others left Wimborne Minster in Dorset to join her kinsman Boniface in his mission to the German people. She was a learned woman and was involved in the foundation of nunneries in Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt.
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Miriam bat Shlomo Yitzchaki (Hebrew: מרים בת שלמה יצחקי) was born between 1058 and 1062 and died after 1090. She married Judah ben Nathan son of Nathan of Paris and Alvina. He was born around 1065 in Mainz and died around 1105 in Paris. They had a one known daughter, Alvina, a learned woman whose customs served as an example for other Jewish women.
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By 1640 Makin was known as the most learned woman in England. She was tutor to the children of Charles I of England, and governess to his daughter Elizabeth Stuart. When the English Parliament took Princess Elizabeth Stuart into custody at the beginning of the English Civil War Makin stayed with the girl as her servant. When the princess died in 1650 Makin was granted a pension for her services but was unable to ever collect it.
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In her social views, she felt sympathy for the working classes, opposed the privileges of the nobility and acted as a spokesperson for the "third estate", idealizing a simple and humble life style. Her father observed her talent early on, and stated that he wished to "make of her not only a literary, but a learned woman". He gave her an advanced education, and she was tutored at home in Latin and the Classics of antiquity. Her favorite poet was Horace.
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Born in "humble obscurity" in a remote country town, in part self-educated, she lived at a time when a learned woman in New England was a rarity. Suffering from ill-health, often poor and obliged to resort to various occupations for her sustenance, she doggedly pursued her studies. Her father, educated at Harvard College, kept a small country store, dealing among other things in books. He also boarded some students of divinity, from whom the daughter learned Greek and Latin, which she subsequently taught.
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Throughout Orthodox Judaism, including its most liberal forms, men and women are required to sit in separate sections with a mechitza (partition) separating them. Historically, a learned woman in the weibershul (women's section or annex) of a synagogue took on the informal role of precentress or firzogerin for the women praying in parallel to the main service led in the men's section. Conservative/Masorti Judaism permits mixed seating (almost universally in the United States, but not in all countries). All Reform and Reconstructionist congregations have mixed seating.
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The story was widely believed for centuries, but most modern scholars regard it as fictional. Most versions of her story describe her as a talented and learned woman who disguised herself as a man, often at the behest of a lover. In the most common accounts, due to her abilities, she rose through the church hierarchy and was eventually elected pope. Her sex was revealed when she gave birth during a procession, and she died shortly after, either through murder or of natural causes.
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One of Rashi's responsa discusses the case of his young daughter losing a valuable ring at a time when Yocheved and Miriam were adults, so there was clearly another daughter much younger than her older sisters. In addition, Rashi is mentioned as having a grandson, Shemiah, and a granddaughter, Miriam, whose mother was neither Yocheved nor Miriam. Judy Chicago, in her compendium of significant women in history, lists Rachel (b. 1070), daughter of Rashi, as a learned woman who acted as his secretary and took his dictation when he was infirm.
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Moses ben Eliezer Jaffe of Bologna (Hebrew: רבי משה בן אליעזר יפה מבולוניה; died 1480) was a prominent Polish-Italian rabbi. He was born in Lesser Poland around 1400 to Eliezer ben Meir Jaffe, a German-born rabbi and scholar. In his early years he married Margolioth bat Samuel HaLevi, who is described as being a very learned woman. In the mid-15th-century he was removed to Bologna, Italy, where he served as the city's Av Bet Din and is mentioned in the "Shalshelet ha-Ḳabbalah" manuscript at St. Petersburg.
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Sayed Khatab, The Political Thought of Sayyid Qutb: The Theory of Jahiliyyah, Routledge (2006), p. 207 His mother was also a pious and learned woman who composed her own poetry that was published by the title of 'Kaleed- i-Bab-i-Rehmat' His elder brother, Maulana Dr. Sayyid Abdul Ali Hasani, was also a prominent Islamic scholar and a Medical Doctor. Nadwi received most of his advanced education at the Dar al-'Ulum of the Nadwat al-'Ulama in Lucknow.Roxanne Leslie Euben, Princeton Readings in Islamist Thought: Texts and Contexts from Al-Banna to Bin Laden, p 107.
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Palne Veres, a learned woman herself, founded the first school of secondary education for girls in Hungary in 1869. Her philosophy was that girls should be taught to be self-sufficient, and to learn to appreciate fine culture while avoiding a tendency towards self-indulgence in luxury, which could ruin even the most affluent families. Girls were to be taught to be the most direct representative of God in their future married lives, and to embody Christian ideals in their behaviour. The school itself was divided into 11 classes: four elementary level, four intermediary level, and three superior level.
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In 1791, however, Elizabeth could no longer afford the upkeep of the property and was forced to sell. For the final ten years of her life, Elizabeth lived with friends and wrote voraciously, publishing some of her poetry and participated in the writing of commonplace books with a number of her female acquaintances, such as Hannah Griffitts. She died in 1801, while being tended to by Benjamin Rush, very close to Graeme Park.Ann M. Ousterhout, The Most Learned Woman in America: A Life of Elizabeth Graeme Fergusson, University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.
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Boniface established a convent in the Franconian town Tauberbischofsheim, where she became the abbess. He entrusted her with a great deal of authority, and Rudolf of Fulda indicates that she was not merely in charge of her own house but of all of the nuns who worked with Boniface. In 754, when Boniface was preparing a missionary trip to Frisia, he gave his monastic cowl to Leoba to indicate that, when he was away, she was his delegate. She was a learned woman, and in the following years she was involved in the foundation of nunneries in Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt.
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After 25 years of a monogamous relationship with his first wife, Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Muhammad participated in nine years of polygyny, marrying at least nine further wives. Muhammad's subsequent marriages were depicted purely as political matches rather than unions of sexual indulgence. In particular, Muhammad's unions with Aisha and Hafsa bint Umar associated him with two of the most significant leaders of the early Muslim community, Aisha's and Hafsa's fathers, Abu Bakr and ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb, respectively. Aisha's marriage has given her significance among many within Islamic culture, becoming known as the most learned woman of her time.
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Marcia became Queen consort when she married Guithelin (Welsh: Kyhylyn) and ruled as regent for her son, Sisillius II. In her youth, she was a noblewoman and knowledgeable in all the arts. Queen Marcia ruled Britain for about five years after Guithelin's death because their son was just seven years old at the time. Geoffrey says that Queen Marcia was a learned woman who codified the Marcian Laws, the Lex Martiana. King Alfred the Great was later to translate the code into Old English as the basis of Mercian Laws, believing them to have been named after the much later Saxon kingdom of Mercia.
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Ramabai worked however with the WCTU of India once it was officially organized in 1893. In 1896, during a severe famine, Ramabai toured the villages of Maharashtra with a caravan of bullock carts and rescued thousands of outcast children, child widows, orphans, and other destitute women and brought them to the shelter of Mukti and Sharada Sadan. A learned woman knowing seven languages, she also translated the Bible into her mother tongue—Marathi—from the original Hebrew and Greek. By 1900 there were 1,500 residents and over a hundred cattle in the Mukti mission and she was also involved in establishing a Church at Mukti.
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Born in the mid-15th-century in Prague, Czech Republic. His father Moses Jaffe of Bologna was a Polish rabbi and paternal descendant of Elhanan Jaffe of Dampierre. His mother Margolioth bat Samuel HaLevi was considered to be an extremely learned woman, to the point that some of her descendants adopted the second surname Margolioth, such as Abraham's brother Jacob Margolioth-Jaffe of Nuremberg. Early in his carrier, Abraham amassed a great fortune, which he later lent out to King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. Around 1495, he emigrated Kazimierz, Krakow, Poland, before where he soon became a banker to Alexander Jagiellon and later King Sigismund I of Poland, who he developed a close relationship with.
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Although very few Eastern European Jewish women before the nineteenth century have left writings, Leah was the author of the Tkhinne of the Matriarchs, an eight-page, trilingual prayer for the Sabbath before the New Moon. (As is often the case, the place and date of publication are not mentioned in most of the printed editions.) The work contains a Hebrew introduction, a piyyut (a liturgical poem) in Aramaic, and a Yiddish prose paraphrase of the poem. This text, which has historical importance as one of the few extant works written by an eighteenth-century Eastern European Jewish woman, testifies that its author was far more learned than the norm. (Another work, Tkhinne Moyde Ani, has been erroneously attributed to her.) Leah Horowitz was passionately concerned with the religious place and role of Jewish women and she was keenly aware of her own anomalous status as a learned woman.
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The reception of her activities was condescending, with her work considered primarily to be that of a woman and not belonging to the intellectual world into which she sought entry: Niccolo Venier thought the whole female sex should rejoice and consecrate statues to Isotta as the ancient Egyptians had to Isis. Giorgio Bevilaqua claimed never before to have met a learned woman. For her own part, Nogarola was concerned that her fame did not come from the sheer volume of intelligence she seemed to possess, but from the novelty of her gender, and despite her erudition had little choice but to defer to the contemporary social norms by deprecating herself as an ignorant woman. Nonetheless, in 1438, after receiving praise from Guarino da Verona, to whom a friend had written the year before, Nogarola wrote herself, calling Guarino a "wellspring of virtue and probity," and terming them heroic, she a Cicero to his Cato, she a Socrates to his Plato.
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