177 Sentences With "leading questions" | Random Sentence Generator

Don't be afraid of silence, and don't ask leading questions.

Walsh said the leading questions were actually just message testing.

The host, Washington correspondent James Rosen, piled on with leading questions.

Regardless, he said the attorneys asked him leading questions — Didn't you say…?

If two people are searching, use open-ended instead of leading questions, she said.

I looked around the big rectangular seminar table and peppered the students with leading questions.

Apted contributed to the seated interviews, with leading questions designed to elicit maximally contrastive answers.

Will senators thoughtfully probe the evidence, or ask leading questions to bolster their favored side?

They also cited features like a daily poll, which they believe sometimes asks leading questions.

Post-event information and leading questions can influence an person's memory of an event, she said.

Yet reality was often massaged — sometimes lightly, sometimes more deep-tissue — with leading questions and retakes.

I prefer when people speak about how they feel, when they make statements rather than leading questions.

When Mr. Hopper trains police, he coaches them to ask accusers open-ended and not leading questions.

But in making that argument, Biden seems to be raising other leading questions — many of which have answers.

" It's not quite enough for Chris, so he drops some leading questions, namely "Well, you fell in love, right?

But Comey, who spent a fair amount of his testimony dodging leading questions from both sides, danced around their queries.

In fact, Judge Alsup allowed Dunn to ask "leading questions," wherein an attorney prompts the witness with the desired answer.

POTUS asked Lighthizer leading questions at the table in the bilateral meeting, which included Xi and the U.S. and Chinese delegations.

Despite her attempts to change the subject, she said, Perry continued to ask leading questions and press her on the subject.

Here again, the text of the NPRM and leading questions reveal the majority's preference: to have no net neutrality rules at all.

This also prevents interviewers from asking leading questions or giving priming statements that may benefit one kind of candidate or hurt another.

In several meetings in Newcastle, he avoided asking leading questions and frequently played devil's advocate to people seeking to blame the government.

Q engages the bakers as collaborators who "research" lines of inquiry and offer possible answers to Q's hypnotic flurries of leading questions.

So any questions that we ask during interviews are leading questions to get at one's inspiration and courage and judgment and respect.

Because interviewers always avoided leading questions, they often started the serious part simply by asking the child, ''So, why are you here today?

" Stone is largely content to listen, but does offer leading questions, telling Putin the U.S.' strategic goal is to "destroy the Russian economy.

Some proffered leading questions about troublesome PE deals in retail and healthcare services, but several lauded private equity, again with in-district examples.

The hosts were asking leading questions about Hillary and what she'll need to do to heal the divide in the beginning of her term.

For example, America First Policies' pollsters frequently use leading questions, which make it clear that one answer is much better than other possible answers.

The scene shows the power of leading questions, and how simple it can be to manipulate emotionally fragile people with questions disguised as a game.

Ellis has run a tight courtroom, admonishing lawyers to keep their arguments brief, although the judge himself is prone to digressions and colorful quips — in chastising Asonye for asking leading questions of Pfeiffer on Friday, he told the story of a successful former colleague who never asked leading questions, a lawyer who is now deceased and in the "great litigation land in the sky," the judge said.

"A perfect memory interviewer is calm, is neutral, and makes sure that they don't ask leading questions," Julie Shaw, a Spot co-founder, told Smithsonian Magazine.

It's a small nuance, but when you are questioning a witness who is aligned with your side you are not typically allowed to ask leading questions.

Judging by Tom's often-leading questions that are sometimes heard before subjects answer, the director likely sought these canned, momentum-killing statements as the film took shape.

For answers to these important and not remotely leading questions, I called up Noah Feldman, a Harvard legal historian who's written extensively about Trump and the law.

It wasn't easy, as Yellen was peppered with leading questions from both parties who jockeyed to get the economic expert to speak kindly of their preferred policy prescriptions.

Indeed, these are leading questions, but the answers will demonstrate the clear value of extending the New Start Treaty, along with the inherent key risks should it lapse.

Just like the tactics used on Dassey, shown in "Making a Murderer," the courts turned a blind eye to the trickery and leading questions that my interrogators used.

This week President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey called Mr. Khashoggi's killing "premeditated murder" and asked a series of leading questions about who in Riyadh had ordered it.

But video of the confession later suggested that investigators manipulated Dassey, who was 16 at the time and may have a cognitive disability, into confessing with leading questions.

After Mr. Babis flew to Geneva last weekend, however, she issued a video statement saying that the reporters had asked leading questions and taken advantage of her son.

But the footage of the confession later suggested that investigators had essentially pushed Dassey, who by his own admission is not very smart, into confessing by using leading questions.

Several Democrats denounced the hearings as a "sham," and many changed the subject, instead asking Mr. Koskinen leading questions in reference to the Republican presidential nominee, Donald J. Trump.

And House Intelligence Committee Republicans accused Democrats of asking White House communications director Hope Hicks leading questions in order to leak that she had told white lies for Trump.

Things grew a little more provocative with Barris' next show, "The Newlywed Game," as couples tried to predict how their new spouses would respond to a series of leading questions.

At the same time, his office is running a biased survey for law enforcement agencies on encryption, a survey that uses obviously leading questions and has an obvious security flaw.

It wasn't easy, as Yellen was peppered with leading questions from lawmakers from both parties who jockeyed to get the economic expert to speak kindly of their preferred policy prescriptions.

With leading questions and embarrassing exercises, the kiosks were assessing me — personality traits, risk tolerance and I.Q. — to construct a profile of the kind of spy I might best be.

The group also employs leading questions to test public opinion, skewing their own results and painting an incorrect picture of how voters feel about certain policy issues, like immigration and infrastructure.

"It sounds a little boring, but all these leading questions are simply for a response that you can then build from," said New York City-based relationship expert and love coach Susan Winter.

And the president demanding answers from the intel community and the Obama administration now, amid stunning reports about an FBI informant&aposs leading questions and odd outreach to some members of the Trump campaign.

Simple inversions of your own statements into leading questions, or a simplistic invocation of mindfulness, can make therapy abruptly feel more isolating and destructive, and make you question the value of the entire project.

Sources differed on whether Flick's interviews were an effort to get to the bottom of any issues, to ask leading questions that would establish a defense for HHS, or some combination of the two.

Once you have established your city, other users are allowed to "move in" to your buildings, enabling a chat function that seems adapted from gay dating apps like Grinder, with leading questions and winky-faced emoticons.

And they would face questions that aren't leading questions but the Senators and Congressmen that are using a hearing to make a statement and they wouldn't be listening to what they said or anything of the sort.

In more than two hours of conversation, from November 2015 to June 2016, an oddly deferential and courtly Bannon deployed an arsenal of leading questions, shameless flattery, and subtle prodding to ingratiate himself with his future boss.

Rudy Giuliani's campaign to lead the State Department without an iota of foreign policy experience speaks to this, as does Bannon's use of radio interviews with Trump to ingratiate himself and alter the candidate's positions with leading questions.

ACA International, an industry group representing credit and collection professionals, criticized the report as flawed, saying that the survey was based on a relatively small number of consumers who interacted with debt collectors and that the form used leading questions.

So there was Mr. Hannity last week, devoting one of his shows to a town hall-style meeting with Mr. Trump at which his (leading) questions often contained extensive Trumpian talking points — including the debunked claim that Mr. Trump opposed the Iraq invasion.

After a combative press conference during which Donald Trump said, "many of our nation's reporters and folks will not tell you the truth," the president sent out an email survey with leading questions asking supporters to help him keep the mainstream media accountable.

While many senators offered easy, leading questions to those defending their party's interests, the most intriguing moments came from a core group of undecided senators in both parties, sparking a round of attempted tea leaves readings ahead of Friday's crucial vote on whether to call additional witnesses. Sen.

But during a hearing in Family Court, a public defender, Hannah Kaplan, sought to cast doubt on the reliability of the boy's statements, suggesting a detective had yelled at the boy and asked leading questions after the boy repeatedly denied knowing his friends intended to rob Ms. Majors.

Kevin Johnston, the host of Freedom Report, who was charged with a hate crime against the Muslim community last summer, followed me around with a camcorder for a few minutes while he asked me leading questions, like if I was anti-Semitic and how many genders I think there are.

"If you're reporting harassment and talking to a human being, there might be bias involved, they may ask leading questions, and you might not trust they're not going to be sharing that information with something else," said Dr. Shaw, who holds a PhD in psychology from the University of British Columbia and is a research associate at University College London.

" Read: Hungary's "Stop Soros" bill could make it illegal to feed immigrants Indeed, Orban's government mailed out a "national consultation survey" to citizens asking them leading questions about a supposed "Soros plan," which had allegedly been cooked up with the EU in order "to diminish the importance of the language and culture of European countries to make the integration of illegal immigrants happen sooner.

The article was titled "How Facebook Is Helping Ensure the Integrity of the 2020 Election" and consisted of responses to softball and/or leading questions like "How do you ensure that relationships with third party groups such as voter registration platforms are reaching the right people who could potentially learn from them the most on Facebook?" alongside glossy portraits of the women, individually and as a group.

The developing tale around Cali, in particular, contains many of the elements of old-school tabloid sensation: Anthony Comello, the suspected culprit in his death who may have been fixated on a relative; a leafy and lavish neighborhood, one reminiscent of Europe and situated high above the rest of the city, an area that was literally a set on The Godfather; and unsubstantiated blame and leading questions launched at the family of Gotti, Cali's predecessor, about whether or not an internal war was brewing.

In practice, judges will sometimes permit leading questions on direct examination of friendly witnesses with respect to preliminary matters that are necessary to provide background or context, and which are not in dispute; for example, a witness's employment or education. Leading questions may also be permitted on direct examination when a witness requires special handling, for example a child. However, the court must take care to be sure that the examining attorney is not coaching the witness through leading questions. Although Rule 611(c) of the Federal Rules of Evidence (and comparable rules of many states) do not prohibit leading questions on re-direct, some states have expressly limited the use of leading questions on re-direct.

Leading questions and eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560-572.Loftus, E. F., Zanni, G. (1975).

Ehrhardt, Charles W. and Stephanie J. Young, "Using Leading Questions During Direct Examination" , Florida State University Law Review, 1996. Accessed November 26, 2008.

The propriety of leading questions generally depends on the relationship of the witness to the party conducting the examination. An examiner may generally ask leading questions of a hostile witness or on cross- examination (to elicit testimony which the witness might be reluctant to volunteer), but not on direct examination (to "coach" the witness to provide a particular answer). Leading questions are distinct from loaded questions, which are objectionable because they contain implicit assumptions (such as "Have you stopped beating your wife?" indirectly asserting that the subject both has a wife, and has beaten her at some point).

As a practical matter, it rests within the trial court's discretion as to what leading questions may be asked on re-direct. Generally speaking, leading questions will be more liberally permitted on re-direct in order to establish a foundation and call the attention of the witness to specific testimony elicited on cross examination. Additionally, on re-direct, an interrogator will often ask questions which specifically seek to elicit whether an inference resulting from questioning on cross examinations is accurate. Although these type of questions will likely result in a "yes" or "no" response, they are properly understood to be direct questions, not leading questions, and are permissible.

It consists of twenty questions regarding the short story: fifteen questions being suggestive and five being neutral. The fifteen suggestive questions can be separated into three types of suggestibility: leading questions, affirmative questions, and false alternative questions. Their purpose is to measure how much a participant "yields" to suggestive questions. Leading questions contained some "salient precedence" and are worded in such a way that they seem plausible and lend themselves to an affirmative answer.

During direct examination, if the examining attorney who called the witness finds that their testimony is antagonistic or contrary to the legal position of their client, the attorney may request that the judge declare the witness "hostile". If the request is granted, the attorney may proceed to ask the witness leading questions. Leading questions either suggest the answer ("You saw my client sign the contract, correct?") or challenge (impeach) the witness's testimony.

In common law systems that rely on testimony by witnesses, a leading question or suggestive interrogation is a question that suggests the particular answer or contains the information the examiner is looking to have confirmed. Their use is restricted in eliciting testimony in court, to reduce the ability of the examiner to direct or influence the evidence presented. Depending on the circumstances, leading questions can be objectionable or proper. Leading questions may often be answerable with a yes or no (though not all yes–no questions are leading).

As a rule, leading questions are generally allowed only during cross-examination, but a hostile witness is an exception to this rule. In cross-examination conducted by the opposing party's attorney, a witness is presumed to be hostile and the examining attorney is not required to seek the judge's permission before asking leading questions. Attorneys can influence a hostile witness's responses by using Gestalt psychology to influence the way the witness perceives the situation, and utility theory to understand their likely responses.Dreier, A.S.; Strategy, Planning & Litigating to Win; Conatus, Boston, MA, 2012, pp.

Leading questions can alter eyewitness memory. The most common cause of the wrongful conviction of innocent people is false testimony due to eyewitness errors.Huff, C. R., Rattner, A., & Sagarina, E. (1996). Convicted but innocent: Wrongful conviction and public policy.

Subsequently, after reading in the newspaper that the crime was committed by a brown-haired man, the witness "remembers" a brown-haired man instead of a redheaded man. Loftus and Palmer's work into leading questions is an example of such suggestibility.

Concerted efforts were made by this group to ask leading questions during the Q&A; sections on controversial topics such as Israel and LGBTQ issues in order to challenge the extent of the speakers' views. These members are called Groypers.

Eyewitness testimony: The influence of the wording of a question. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 5, 86-88. Studies have shown that interviewing techniques such as asking leading questions and closed-ended questions can influence the responses given by the interviewee.

If too much time is spent dwelling on minute details or if too many follow-up questions are asked, it is possible that the participant will become defensive or unwilling to share. Thus, it is the interviewer's job to strike a balance between ambiguity and specificity in their question asking. Be wary of leading questions: Leading questions are questions which suggest or imply an answer. While they are often asked innocently they run the risk of altering the validity of the responses obtained as they discourage participants from using their own language to express their sentiments.

While each state has its own rules of evidence, many states model their rules on the Federal Rules of Evidence, which themselves relate closely to the common-law mode of examination. Rule 611(c) of the Federal Rules of Evidence provides that: Leading questions are the primary mode of examination of witnesses who are hostile to the examining party, and are not objectionable in that context. Examination of hostile witnesses usually takes place on cross- examination. As the rule recognizes, the examination of a "hostile witness, an adverse party, or a witness identified with an adverse party" will sometimes take place on direct examination, and leading questions are permitted.

In 2003, Coca-Cola sponsored a tour of 45 universities to screen The Journey for student audiences. Saperston published Live in Wonder in 2009. The book consists of inspirational quotes and leading questions readers can use to ask themselves or others. Peter Pauper Press published a journal to accompany the book.

Loftus' next step was to investigate whether asking leading questions, or providing misleading information in other forms, might also affect people's memory for the original event. To answer this question, she developed the misinformation effect paradigm, which demonstrated that the memories of eyewitnesses are altered after being exposed to incorrect information about an event – through leading questions or other forms of post- event information; and that memory is highly malleable and open to suggestion. The misinformation effect became one of the most influential and widely known effects in psychology, and Loftus' early work on the effect generated hundreds of follow-up studies examining factors that improve or worsen the accuracy of memories, and to explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying the effect.

Therefore, the events she described must have been either a dream, in which case they could accept her story about the fairies, or, if it did happen, it must have been a witch's sabbath. Therefore, they asked her leading questions to make her identify the events as either a dream or reality. If it were the former, she would be released, and if it were the latter, she would be a witch. The fisherwife, however, passed this interrogation of leading questions: the protocols state that in the end, she came to the conclusion that "all of this seem to her to have happened as if in a dream", and that it had truly all been just a dream, "as far as she could estimate the matter".

Thirteen participants, who all witnessed a gun shooting incident, were interviewed and asked to recall the event. They were also asked misleading questions which aimed to further test the accuracy of the eyewitness' recall. It was found that their memories were very accurate and matched police reports. In addition, leading questions had little effect on memory.

Compare Theory. The next lines in the poem are anticipatory assertions, and then two leading questions, and finally a blossoming of the poem's idea in the image of a woman of Lhassa. That interpretation overlooks that the "idea" is expressed as reported speech, however, and fails to identify who "he" is (it is naively assumed to be the poet).

During her time in the Cabinet Office she established Civil Service Live, in partnership with Civil Service World publisher Dods.Marsh, Arun"Leading Questions: Siobhan Benita, London mayoral candidate", The Guardian, 4 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-14. She worked on the Civil Service Awards and "Tabelle", a network for women who work in, or with, the public sector.

Most obviously, leading questions and narrative accounts can change episodic memories and thereby affect witness' responses to questions about the original event. Additionally, witnesses are more likely to be swayed by misinformation when they are suffering from alcohol withdrawal or sleep deprivation, when interviewers are firm as opposed to friendly, and when participants experience repeated questioning about the event.

Eliciting evidence from one's own witnesses through non-leading questions. Because studies have shown that people best remember the first and the most recent (last) information heard (methods referred to as primacy and recency), the preferred method is to start with an engaging and favorable topic, move through more mundane matters, and to finish on a strong, favorable point.see e.g. Lubet, p.

Nevertheless, the play did good business at the box office in Birmingham. After the short Birmingham run, as the play was moving to the Theatre Royal in Edinburgh, Gilbert gave an interview to a reporter from the Evening Despatch. The reporter, through a series of leading questions, made it seem that Gilbert had insulted various leading actor-managers of the day.

Criticism after publication centred on the remit given by the Government. It was claimed that there was no open inquiry into the issue and the results were presupposed by the terms of reference. There was no attempt to define the "sexualisation" that was the basis of the enquiry, merely acknowledging that it was highly subjective. Questionnaires used were described as containing leading questions.

The song occurs in the chalk-drawing outing animated sequence, just after Mary Poppins wins a horse race. Flush with her victory, she is immediately surrounded by reporters who pepper her with leading questions and comment that she probably is at a loss for words. Mary disagrees, suggesting that at least one word is appropriate for the situation, and begins the song.

These events were frequently targeted by homophobic and antisemitic members of the alt-right and far right who consider TPUSA to be too mainstream and not sufficiently conservative. Concerted efforts were made by this group to ask leading questions during the Q&A; sections on controversial topics such as Israel and LGBTQ issues in order to challenge the extent of the speakers' views.

Journalist John Earl believes that Heger's findings were based on unsubstantiated medical histories. Children's Institute International Critics have alleged that the questioners asked the children leading questions, repetitively, which, it is said,Fischer, Mary, "A Case of Dominoes?" Los Angeles Magazine, September 25, 1989, p. 132 always yields positive responses from young children, making it impossible to know what the child actually experienced.

Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 101–117. This explains why working with mental health professionals and leading questions can sometimes manifest false memories by creating knowledge of possible events and asking individuals to focus on if these events actually took place.Lindsay, D.S., & Read, J.D. (1995). Memory work and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse: Scientific evidence and public, professional, and personal issues.

Lydia is still unclassified to him so she fascinates him. He believes that she is book smart but lacks common sense because of her sheltered life in South Bradfield. After a week Staniford finally decides to talk to Lydia one on one. He is somewhat patronizing and he asks Lydia leading questions, which make her feel like a lesser person.

In addition, a legal source said that there was evidence that leading questions had been put to Gauci.Evidence that casts doubt on who brought down Flight 103, guardian.co.uk; accessed 29 October 2016. It was clear from the SCCRC's report that the lack of reliability of Gauci's testimony as a key prosecution witness was the main reason for the referral of Megrahi's case back to the Appeal Court.

Interrogative suggestibility in an adolescent forensic population. Journal of Adolescence, 18(2), 211–216. Their answers to the leading questions, however, were no more affected by suggestibility than their adult cohorts. These results were likely not due to memory capacity, as studies have shown that information that children can retrieve during free recall increases with age and is equal to adults by around age 12.

The misinformation effect refers to the change in memory due to the presentation of information that is relevant to the target memory, such as leading questions or suggestions.Loftus, E. F. & Hoffman, H. G. (1989). Misinformation and memory, the creation of new memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 118(1), 100–104 Memories are likely to be altered when questions are worded differently or when inaccurate information is presented.

Politicians in many states have started websites and weblogs (or "blogs") with a variety of degrees of success. Social software has been used to benefit politicians. However, at the same time, companies are offering tools that push the edge of social responsibility, including Spamming. Other companies pretending to be legitimate polling agencies, attempt to influence voters through leading questions, in so called "push polls".

In the late nineteenth century, he became active in civic affairs. McDowell was a founding trustee in 1881 of the American Institute of Christian Philosophy, together with Cornelius Vanderbilt II and several learned ministers. It was intended to promote education in leading questions of religion and science. He founded the Cuban American League of the U.S., which supported the fight for Cuban independence in the late nineteenth century.

It is currently rare in other contexts. Essentially, the teacher referees the students' discussions, asks leading questions, and may refer to facts, but never gives a conclusion until at least one student reaches that conclusion. The learning is most effective when the students compete strongly, even viciously in the argument, but always according to well-accepted rules of correct reasoning. That is, fallacies should not be allowed by the teacher.

One of the leading questions they sought to answer was how much ego involvement (vested interest) does an individual in a situation with no alternatives solutions have and does this ego involvement correlate to the number of options at hand. Sherif et al., suggest the question was answered by Beck and Nebergall in 1967 who stated that individuals with little to no options have corresponding vested interest indicating low ego involvement.

"The Anti-Chinese Massacre in Los Angeles as a Reconstruction-era Event" In (Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History, 2016). Several other witness statements were full of objections by District Attorney Thom and defense counsels based on irrelevant leading questions. In People v. Quong Wan and Ah Yeng, Wan and Yeng were accused of being the originators of the riots and subsequently charged with the murder of Ah Coy.

At first he claimed a club was used in the murder. After authorities found an ax or hatchet had been used, Arridy later testified in interviews that he used an ax on the girl. This suggests that officers fed him this information, or provided it by leading questions. When the case was finally brought to trial, Arridy's lawyer tried to gain a plea of insanity to spare his defendant's life.

The ministry recipient describes the memory to the facilitator. The facilitator asks the recipient some questions that will enable the recipient to drill down to the core belief housed in this memory that is troubling him. The questions are not leading questions,Smith, Edward M. Healing Life's Hurts through Theophostic Prayer, Theophostic Prayer Ministry Guidelines, p. 256, New Creation Publishing (2002, 2005) as the facilitator does not assume anything about the memory's content.

The parents ask leading questions of their children, who also say they were abused, thereby destroying any public doubt about Klara's story. Lucas is fired, and the community quickly shuns him, labeling him as a paedophile. Lucas tries to get some answers out of Grethe, but she is still convinced that the children are telling the truth. Johan, one of Lucas's drinking buddies, leads Lucas away and orders him to go home.

Teachers who develop an Open Questioning Mindset listen openly for the cognitive content of student's contributions and looks for ways to use what is given for learning opportunities, whether right, wrong, relevant or apparently irrelevant. OQM encourages a style of pedagogy that values genuine enquiry in the classroom. It provides teachers with the tools to move beyond what Worley calls 'guess what's in my head' teaching, that relies on closed and leading questions.

Atlas: A Plan Manager for Mixed-Initiative, Multimodal Dialogue. (1999) AAAI Workshop on Mixed-Initiative Intelligence and Why2. The idea behind these projects was that since students learn best by constructing knowledge themselves, the programs would begin with leading questions for the students and would give out answers as a last resort. AutoTutor's students focused on answering questions about computer technology, Atlas's students focused on solving quantitative problems, and Why2's students focused on explaining physical systems qualitatively.

Her work includes a dramatic poem, The Princess Adelaide, published in book form in 1900, and When Jack Comes Late, a "comedy monologue for a lady" (1893). In 1894, prospectuses appeared for a new "contemporary review" entitled The Stiletto and the Rose for which Bergen was to be the editor and manager. It intended to focus on articles dealing with leading questions of the day, poetry, and reviews, but it appears that it never actually got off the ground.

Cannatella and her fellow castmates felt pressure from the producers to act out for the cameras in order to make appealing airtime, saying that she was asked leading questions by the producers about her plans on certain nights. She also notes that alcohol was made readily available to the cast, which she pointed out in light of the fact that alcoholism runs in her family.The E! True Hollywood Story: Bad Girls of Reality TV. E!. January 3, 2008.

"Gay Power, Gay Politics", Alfred said, relied on "a systematic use of hearsay, oversights, exaggerations, distortions, inflammatory buzzwords, leading questions, and misleading and deceitful editing" that had as its result "patterned distortion".Alfred, quoted in Alwood, p. 185 Of particular note was the scene of Feinstein at the Harvey Milk Democratic Club. The editor had inserted applause immediately after Feinstein apologized for her earlier Ladies' Home Journal comments, which Crile had described as Feinstein's "groveling to atone".

However, several fellow athletes and fans came to Shabotova's defense, including two-time World Champion Irina Slutskaya. Figure Skating Federation of Russia president Aleksandr Gorshkov and Shabotova's coach, Svetlana Panova, both dismissed Shabotova's comments as nonsense. They attributed her comments to her youth and naivety, as well as being asked leading questions. Panova disciplined the skater over her comments, but expressed that she did not wish to see Shabotova seriously punished for comments obviously meant in jest.

The direct examination or examination-in-chief is one stage in the process of adducing evidence from witnesses in a court of law. Direct examination is the questioning of a witness by the party who called him or her, in a trial. Direct examination is usually performed to elicit evidence in support of facts which will satisfy a required element of a party's claim or defense. In direct examination, one is generally prohibited from asking leading questions.

The allegations were later found to be false. The case was the subject of a BBC documentary which featured recordings of the interviews made by NSPCC social workers, revealing that flawed techniques and leading questions were used to gain evidence of abuse from the children. The documentary claimed that the social services were wrongly convinced, by organisations such as the NSPCC, that abuse was occurring and so rife that they made allegations before any evidence was considered.

Memory errors can occur in eyewitness testimonies due to a number of features commonly present in a trial, all of which may influence the authenticity of the memory, and may be detrimental to the outcome of the case at hand. Such features include: ;Leading questions :refers to how wording of questions can influence how an event is remembered. This can result from a misinformation effect or an imagination inflation effect.Whitehouse, W.G., Orne, E.C., Dinges, D.F. (2010).

They are intellectually compatible and have a budding, mutual romantic interest. Mandrake considers the pair his competitors, and he sabotages their efforts by approaching revived patients before they can. Mandrake's method is to ask mellifluous leading questions of the patients and thereby taint their self-reported NDEs; this causes Joanna and Richard hardship in finding un-interviewed volunteers for their own study. The reader later learns that two of their volunteers are liars, which also corrupts their conjectures.

Among children, suggestibility can be very high. Suggestibility is the term used when a witness accepts information after the actual event and incorporates it into the memory of the event itself. Children's developmental level (generally correlated with age) causes them to be more easily influenced by leading questions, misinformation, and other post-event details. Compared to older children, preschool-age children are more likely to fall victim to suggestions without the ability to focus solely on the facts of what happened.

This freedom can help interviewers to tailor their questions to the interview context/situation, and to the people, they are interviewing. There are several things for interviewers to pay attention to while preparing and conducting their interviews. When preparing for the semi-structured interview, the interviewers need to consider the characteristics of their questions. They should use open-ended questions but dichotomous questions which only lead to two opposite answers, and they should avoid asking multiple questions, leading questions or why questions.

The rape/murder case proceeded to trial based solely on the confession obtained after "days of police rehearsal and re-shaping" through leading questions and Washington agreeing to detectives' corrections when he got details of the crime, including the victim's race, and of the crime scene wrong. With low-quality representation by defense counsel ⁠— ⁠his defense counsel had failed to discuss his intellectual disability as a mitigating factor during sentencing ⁠— ⁠Washington was convicted of Williams' capital murder and sentenced to death.

This prevents a lawyer from feeding answers to a favorable witness. An exception to this rule occurs if one side has called a witness, but it is either understood or becomes clear, that the witness is hostile to the questioner's side of the controversy. The lawyer may then ask the court to declare the person he or she has called to the stand a hostile witness. If the court does so, the lawyer may thereafter ask witness leading questions during direct examination.

The appointment is with a state psychologist, as Niko was caught driving under the influence. In this interview Niko says he has dropped out of law school. The psychologist messes around with Niko, asks him if he is gay, insecure about his short stature, about the relationship to his parents altogether leading questions, ultimately deciding not to give him back his license, as he deems Niko unstable. When Niko goes to get coffee in a fashionable coffeeshop, he doesn't have enough money.

Snedeker 1995 p. 127. Astrid Heppenstall Heger performed medical examinations and took photos of what she believed to be minute scarring which she stated was caused by anal penetration. Critics have alleged that the questioners asked the children leading questions, repetitively, which, it is said, always yields positive responses from young children, making it impossible to know what the child actually experienced. Others believe that the questioning itself may have led to false memory syndrome among the children who were questioned.

Interview style and the type of questions asked affect the quality of the interview. They can influence the child's willingness to disclose information. They can also influence the type and quality of information, and the level of detail, that the child is able and willing to share. Strategies for interviewers and interpreters to lessen this include prioritising open questions and avoiding closed and focused questions, suggestive prompts and leading questions; remaining neutral; be open and empathic; avoid criticism and confrontations.

In 1985 in Kinnakee, Kansas, 8-year old Libby Day is the sole survivor of the massacre of her mother and two sisters. Responding to the police's leading questions, she tells them that her brother Ben (Sheridan) committed the crime. In the present day, Libby (Theron) has made a living from donations sent by strangers to the little girl they saw on the news. With donations drying up, she is hard up for cash when she is approached by Lyle Wirth (Hoult) to make a personal appearance at his "True Crime" club.

As explained above, some philosophers draw a distinction between reality and existence. In fact, many analytic philosophers today tend to avoid the term "real" and "reality" in discussing ontological issues. But for those who would treat "is real" the same way they treat "exists", one of the leading questions of analytic philosophy has been whether existence (or reality) is a property of objects. It has been widely held by analytic philosophers that it is not a property at all, though this view has lost some ground in recent decades.

Louisiana State Penitentiary, where Rideau was incarcerated Before Rideau was arraigned, a local television news station, KPLC-TV, filmed his being interviewed by the parish sheriff at the jail. Rideau responded to leading questions and admitted to killing teller Julia Ferguson in the course of a robbery. He did not appear to know he was being filmed, and he was without counsel. This material was broadcast three times in Calcasieu Parish, exposing a large part of the population to the interview and confession before Rideau was arraigned or taken to trial.

In general, the judicial system has always been cautious when using children as eyewitnesses resulting in rules that demand all child testimonies be confirmed by designated officials prior to its acceptance as evidence in the court of law. One of the reasons for this partiality is suggestibility—a state in which a person will accept the suggestions of another person and act accordingly.suggestibility. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved September 22, 2012 With regards to court proceedings, a child's testimony or recollection of an event is especially vulnerable to leading questions.

Basically, individual differences between children of the same age group do not play a significant role in a child's level of suggestibility. If there is a difference in suggestibility levels of children that are of the same age, they are most likely due to maturational differences in specific cognitive skills. Studies also show that it is not the leading questions themselves that can alter a child's recall of the event, but the event in question. When children are questioned about true events that they actually participated in, they are much more accurate with their answers.

It is a mind-set that is applicable to all subject areas and all pedagogical environments. Teachers who develop an Open Questioning Mindset listen openly for the cognitive content of students' contributions and looks for ways to use what is given for learning opportunities, whether right, wrong, relevant or apparently irrelevant. OQM encourages a style of pedagogy that values genuine enquiry in the classroom. It provides teachers with the tools to move beyond what Worley calls "guess what's in my head" teaching, that relies on closed and leading questions.

Historians, folklorists, anthropologists, human geographers, sociologists, journalists, linguists, and many others employ some form of interviewing in their research. Although multi-disciplinary, oral historians have promoted common ethics and standards of practice, most importantly the attaining of the "informed consent" of those being interviewed. Usually this is achieved through a deed of gift, which also establishes copyright ownership that is critical for publication and archival preservation. Oral historians generally prefer to ask open-ended questions and avoid leading questions that encourage people to say what they think the interviewer wants them to say.

Children with intellectual disabilities show similar patterns in their eyewitness accounts. After watching a video of a crime, children with these disabilities performed worse than non-disabled kids of the same age on free recall, open-ended questions, and both general and specific misleading questions. These children performed better than the age-matched control group only on leading questions with yes or no answers, suggesting that they are more likely to acquiesce in the interview. These findings indicate that individuals with intellectual disabilities could be considered competent witnesses if interrogated in a non- leading manner.

86 This was an obvious ultimatum to Law, giving him a three-week period to change his mind. Law believed that Derby was "unprincipled and treacherous", particularly since he then circulated a questionnaire among Lancashire party members with leading questions such as "do you think the abandonment of the referendum will do harm?" Law met the Lancashire party on 2 January 1913 and ordered that they must replace any food tariff based resolutions with a vote of confidence in him as a leader, and that any alternative would result in his resignation.Adams (1999) p.

An extreme case of false memory implantation occurs in false memory syndrome, when a person's identity and interpersonal relationships are strongly centered around a memory of an experience that did not actually take place. These types of false memories are often of a traumatic life experience and can become very detrimental to everyday life. They are often the result of leading questions in a therapeutic practice termed Recovered Memory Therapy, in which psychiatrists put their patients under hypnosis to recover repressed memories. This can be detrimental, as the individual may recall memories that never occurred.

It was also revealed that Currie had asked Clinton's friend Vernon Jordan to help Lewinsky find a job in New York on December 8, 1997. Currie also testified that Clinton had recently called her in to work on a Sunday, on January 18, 1998, and pointedly said to her, regarding Lewinsky and himself, "We were never alone, right?" among other leading questions. This, added to similar incidents involving other potential witnesses, led to Clinton's subsequent impeachment charge of obstruction of justice. Currie was not one of the four witnesses who gave video depositions during the Senate trial.

Drasius Kedys In 2009, frustrated with the lack of progress in official investigations and convinced that the case was being deliberately stonewalled, Kedys sent out some 200 DVDs to Lithuanian politicians, media outlets, and law-enforcement agencies, featuring homemade video footage of his daughter's explicit testimony against three "uncles". He promised to send out the subtitled version to Members of the European Parliament. Many sources criticized Kedys, who acted as the cameraman, for asking his daughter leading questions and heavily editing the film (it contains some 50 segments filmed over nine separate occasions). Four separate commissions determined the girl's testimony to be truthful.

There is evidence that Nassau Senior had written the report before the data was collected – therefore evidence was used selectively to meet the pre-written report. Of the questionnaires sent out only 10% replied and some of the questioned directed a certain response. However, the inquiry was not supposed to be impartial, the commission wanted to change the existing system, and keeping the current system was not considered an option.Poverty and Public Health 1815–1949 by Rosemary Rees The questionnaires used asked leading questions that were poorly framed leading to responses that were ambiguous or irrelevant.

There are also controversies over some of these biases as to whether they count as useless or irrational, or whether they result in useful attitudes or behavior. For example, when getting to know others, people tend to ask leading questions which seem biased towards confirming their assumptions about the person. However, this kind of confirmation bias has also been argued to be an example of social skill; a way to establish a connection with the other person. Although this research overwhelmingly involves human subjects, some findings that demonstrate bias have been found in non-human animals as well.

Karjalan Liitto and Taloustutkimus A year earlier, a poll by STT showed 38% supporting and 57% opposing. A poll by Taloustutkimus was criticized by ProKarelia for asking leading questions, such as, "Do you support the return of Karelia, even if it would mean more tense relations or even war with Russia?"Eg. ProKarelia's article on 17 October 2005 5% of supporters and of those who declined to respond supported the return even under these circumstances (2.1% of all replies). Karjalan Liitto and Taloustutkimus, poll Many of the people who were born in Karelia and were evacuated want Karelia to become part of Finland.

Agnos was at the center of controversy following the Waddell Buddhist temple shooting. In the aftermath of the shooting, MCSO deputies arrested five men from Tucson, Arizona based on a tip from a psychiatric patient. It was later discovered that the men were coerced into confessing, with investigators extracting false confessions by exaggerating evidence, badgering them with leading questions, and threatening the death penalty. One of the five men arrested was freed after he provided an alibi, but the other four, dubbed by the media as the "Tucson Four", remained in custody even though no physical evidence linked them to the crime.

Drawing on a memory of a pornographic photo her older teenage brother and his friend showed her, she makes comments describing an erect penis; this leads Grethe, the preschool director, to believe Lucas exposed himself to Klara. Grethe brings in a psychologist who asks Klara leading questions about what occurred; Klara gives unclear responses about Lucas, alternately denying and confirming the abuse. Grethe doesn't believe that a child would lie about such a serious matter. She informs the other parents that Klara was likely abused; she also advises them to look for signs of sexual abuse in their own children.

Eyewitness testimonies are an integral aspect in the criminal court system as judges and juries depend on them as evidence to determine a verdict. However, studies have shown that source amnesia can interfere with a witness's memory because any incorrect post-event information encountered, results in distorted memories and source confusion. Post-event information can come from leading questions, statements made by the media or co-witnesses. Since improper encoding causes source amnesia, witnesses who are stressed or distracted during the event and fail to pay attention are susceptible to encoding wrong details into their memory, claiming to have seen things they only imagined.

At the end of each episode, after the interviews, he will join the musical guest in singing a Queen song. In the final episode of the first series, this was the cast of the musical about Queen - "We Will Rock You", during which the band Queen made an appearance and did a special performance. Every episode ends with Murray saying "please take your glasses back to the bar". Throughout interviews in the second series, Murray acknowledges the stereotypical leading questions used by chatshow hosts to allow their guests to 'plug' their product or latest project by referring to these types of question as 'blah blah'.

The photo was that of Arlene Franco, a high school classmate of Whitmore, living in New Jersey, who had lost or discarded it in a park, where Whitmore found it and for some reason decided to keep it in his wallet. Whitmore immediately became a suspect in the Wylie and Hoffert double murder. Detectives DiPrima and Bulger proceeded to question Whitmore about the Wylie-Hoffert murders and after hours of leading questions Whitmore finally confessed. New York City police announced that Whitmore had confessed to the murders of Wylie and Hoffert, as well as the murder of Minnie Edmonds (an unrelated murder) and the attempted rape of Borrero.

Eli Langer remembers the apparent willingness of Bloore to testify against his art as being strange, but at trial Ronald Bloore turned the leading questions of the Crown against them, citing the state censorship by the Nazis and calling Langer's artwork "marvellous." Taken aback by the trojan horse witness, the Crown called a recess. Bloore was greeted by an elated Eli Langer and his mother Pearl, and told them, "I've waited 27 years to get these bastards for what they did to my wife!" To this day Langer believes the difficulty of his trial was worth it for the poetic justice done by Ronald Bloore.

All of those people (except for Aidas) professed their innocence, and accused Kedys of slander, criminal libel, and death threats. Frustrated with the apparent lack of progress in official investigations and convinced that the case was being deliberately stonewalled, Kedys sent out 200 DVDs to Lithuanian politicians, media outlets, and law- enforcement agencies, featuring homemade video footage of his daughter's explicit testimony against three "uncles". He promised to send the subtitled version to Members of the European Parliament. Many sources criticized Kedys, who acted as the cameraman, for asking his daughter leading questions and heavily editing the film (it contained 50 segments filmed across nine occasions).

When questioned about the issue both the university and the union have stated that parking is not in their list of priorities as it does not meet their environmental policy. Before the closure of the student parking lot in early 2010 the university sustainability office sent out a survey asking students leading questions, making them chose between their interests in the environment and their desire for adequate parking. The survey stated the results would be published on the sustainability website however as of August 2010 the results are still unpublished. Pressure is still being applied on the union by several groups of students to do something on the issue.

Billy the Kid is a young, up-and-coming snooker player. His manager, T.O. (The One), a compulsive gambler, falls into debt with psychopathic loanshark the Wednesday Man, who offers to cancel T.O's debt if he can arrange a 17-frame grudge snooker match between Billy and the reigning world champion Maxwell Randall (popularly known as the Green Baize Vampire). To ensure that both players will agree to the match, T.O hires a journalist, Miss Sullivan, to stir up trouble between them. She interviews Billy and the Vampire separately, asks them leading questions intended to elicit angry responses and provoke enmity, then prints the results.

In the 1980s in the United States, there was a moral panic about Satanic ritual abuse, sometimes referred to as the "Satanic Panic". It started with the publication of the now- discredited memoir Michelle Remembers in 1980, and culminated in the McMartin preschool trial, a heavily publicized trial which ran from 1984 to 1990, during which prosecutors, through aggressive and leading questions, managed to get over 300 of the preschool's children to testify that they had been sexually abused by their teachers as part of Satanic rituals. The charges were all eventually dropped. Media coverage during the trial tended to side with the prosecutors, and often singled out the Church of Satan as the culprit.

Throughout the McMartin trial, media coverage of the defendants (Peggy McMartin and Ray Buckey) was unrelentingly negative, focusing only on statements by the prosecution. Michelle Smith and other alleged survivors met with parents involved in the trial, and it is believed that they influenced testimony against the accused. Kee MacFarlane, a social worker employed by the Children's Institute International, developed a new way to interrogate children with anatomically correct dolls and used them in an effort to assist disclosures of abuse with the McMartin children. After asking the children to point to the places on the dolls where they had allegedly been touched and asking leading questions, MacFarlane diagnosed sexual abuse in virtually all the McMartin children.

In the appeal, filed by attorney Terry Gilbert, who replaced his trial attorney Tim Rensch, Looking Cloud retracted his videotaped confession, saying that it was false. He appealed based on the grounds that his trial counsel Rensch was ineffective in failing to object to the introduction of the videotaped statement, that he failed to object to hearsay statements of Anna Mae Aquash, failed to object to hearsay instruction for the jury, and failed to object to leading questions by the prosecution to Robert Ecoffey.US v. Fritz Arlo Looking Cloud , 2005 appeal, US Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied Looking Cloud's appeal.

The Gudjonsson suggestibility scale (GSS) was created in 1983 by Icelandic psychologist Gísli Hannes Guðjónsson. Given his large number of publications on suggestibility, Gísli was often called as an expert witness in court cases where the suggestibility of those involved in the case was crucial to the proceedings. To measure suggestibility, Gísli created a scale that was relatively straightforward and could be administered in a wide variety of settings.Gudjonsson, GH. (1984). "A new scale of interrogative suggestibility", Personality and Individual Differences 5(3), 303–314 He noticed that while there was a significant body of research on the effects of leading questions on suggestibility, less was known about the effects of "specific instruction" and "interpersonal pressure".

Criticism of free association is generally not on the clinical evidence, but the clinical data and the suggestion that they might be a patient's responses to the suggestions and expectations of the analyst rather than evidence of subconscious thought. Also there is concern that there is no way of ensuring that the analyst is capable of distinguishing between the patients' actual memories and imagined memories constructed due to the influence of the analyst's leading questions. Because of this, it is believed that this approach can cause harm to the patients mental state. Case Example 1: Elisa Elisa claimed to have been sexually victimized by a neighbor when she was between 14 and 18 years of age.

Massingberd founded the Pioneer Club in 1892 to provide women, in particular middle-class women and unmarried women, with a place to socialise outside their homes, "a place where women gathered to meet each other, to help each other and to discuss the leading questions and principal progressive work of the day". It remained active until 1939. It was the only British club to be affiliated to the General Federation of Women's Clubs. By 1895 it had more than 300 members (by 1899 more than 600), stressed the unimportance of social position, provided members and their guests with meals and on Thursday evenings organised lectures, debates and discussion on social political and literary themes.

James Peters, who represented the State of Florida, argued that the statute of limitations applied because the law enforcement officials named in the lawsuit—Sheriff Walker and Governor Hardee—had died many years before. He also called into question the shortcomings of the report: although the historians were instructed not to write it with compensation in mind, they offered conclusions about the actions of Sheriff Walker and Governor Hardee. The report was based on investigations led by historians as opposed to legal experts; they relied in cases on information that was hearsay from witnesses who had since died. Critics thought that some of the report's writers asked leading questions in their interviews.

The overarching question asked regarding this strategy is, "Why would the researcher trust what people say about themselves?" In case, however, when there is a challenge to the validity of collected data, there are research tools that can be used to address the problem of respondent bias in self-report studies. These include the construction of some inventories to minimize respondent distortions such as the use of scales to assess the attitude of the participant, measure personal bias, as well as identify the level of resistance, confusion, and insufficiency of self-reporting time, among others. Leading questions could also be avoided, open questions could be added to allow respondents to expand upon their replies and confidentiality could be reinforced to allow respondents to give more truthful responses.

Lewis has assessed and/or testified for the defense on several high-profile criminal cases, including Mark David Chapman, Joel Rifkin, David Wilson (Louisiana) and Marie Moore (New Jersey),Multiple Personalities: Crime and Defense CrimeLibrary Katherine Ramsland and Rachel Kuter Joseph Paul Franklin, Ted Bundy and Arthur Shawcross. In the Shawcross case Lewis was the subject of some controversy. The first defense psychiatrist had concluded there was no insanity defense feasible for Shawcross, but Lewis reported diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative identity disorder, brain damage, and psychomotor epilepsy. However the prosecution took her case apart and it appeared that she had obtained some of her interview material from Shawcross by hypnosis, conducted without proper procedures for protecting against leading questions and false memories.

The defendant, Matthew Tome, was found guilty of sexually abusing his four-year-old daughter A.T. After her parents' divorce, A.T. was in Tome's primary physical custody, and she stayed with Tome on the Navajo Reservation in New Mexico. A.T.'s mother lived in Colorado.. At trial, A.T. was six and a half years old and testified by short answers to leading questions. During cross-examination, the defense suggested that A.T. had fabricated the allegations against Tome because she wanted to go live with her mother. To rebut the charge of fabrication, the prosecution called six witnesses (a babysitter, A.T.'s mother, a social worker, and three pediatricians) that all testified to statements about the abuse that A.T. had made to them.

Deskovic later said that, under coercion, he made a false confession, fabricating an account based on crime scene information fed to him by police officers during their leading questions in the course of the interrogation. Deskovic also said: "By the police officer's own testimony, by the end of the interrogation I was on the floor crying uncontrollably in what they described as a fetal position"."An Innocent Man Speaks: PLN Interviews Jeff Deskovic", Prison Legal News, 15 August 2013 Although DNA testing at the time excluded Deskovic from the forensic DNA found in Correa's body, on December 7, 1990 a jury convicted Deskovic. They were apparently convinced by testimony from Peekskill police detective Daniel Stephens that the young man had confessed to the crime.

Dole published a novel The Stand-By in 1897 with a hero who promoted Prohibition but was in love with the daughter of a brewer. It received praise from the Honolulu press: > Its woof of romance richly colored with incident and episode is struck into > a warp of informing fact relative to one of the leading questions of the > age. The New York Times, however, saw a more political message: > ...as Mr Edmund P. Dole would have it, or as it seems to be written within > the lines, the Republicans are the only lawabiding people on God's earth, > the only virtuous, self-respecting souls, and the Democrats—quite the > opposite. There is a tinge of fanaticism, then, in Mr. Dole's Romance. Dole replaced Cooper as attorney general on June 14, 1900.

Andy then tells her that if she says anything incriminating about him, he will "Break off the temples of [her] glasses and stick them in [her] eye sockets". Later, when Nick, the IT guy, reveals that Andy was, indeed, the whistleblower, Phyllis hides Andy's carry-on bag in the ceiling, coldly telling him "You deserve it". Throughout the seventh season, however, Andy and Phyllis grow closer, and it is shown that Phyllis truly cares for Andy, wanting the best for him. When Andy is upset about Gabe and Erin's possible sex life, Phyllis agrees to ask Erin leading questions to learn the truth, although this was not achieved due to Phyllis's intoxication, which led her to tell Erin an explicit account of how she has sex with her husband Bob Vance, which made Erin uncomfortable.

The hearings were described as "More than 90 witnesses were examined by Honorable Mr. Gooch of the Congressional Committee, who appears to have carefully selected for testimony those persons who advocated Rodman's removal; and to have asked leading questions to any witnesses who may have been in sympathy with the commanding officer." Although the investigation was completed, the results of the charges against him were never revealed, and in July 1865 Rodman was sent to Rock Island, Illinois, to supervise the construction of a new arsenal. This facility would become the Rock Island Arsenal, where Rodman would spend the rest of his life and career, as well as building an even larger commander's residence. On March 7, 1867, Rodman was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army.

Fix co-wrote the screenplay for the John Wayne film Tall in the Saddle. Fix made five appearances as District Attorney Hale on Perry Mason (1957–1963), showing great skill as an examiner who did not ask objectionable questions unlike Hamilton Burger, who often experienced a judge's ire for asking leading questions. He guest-starred on such television series as Wagon Train (1962), The Twilight Zone (1964), The F.B.I. (1965–1973), Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1966), The Time Tunnel (1966), The Wild Wild West (1966–1967), Daniel Boone (1969), Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law (1971), The Rockford Files episode "The House on Willis Avenue" (as Joe Tooley), and two episodes of The Streets of San Francisco, one in 1973 and again in 1975, each a different character/storyline.

Previous methods of measuring suggestibility were primarily aimed at "hypnotic phenomena"; however, Gísli's scale was the first created to be used specifically in conjunction with interrogative events. His test relies on two different aspects of interrogative suggestibility: it measures how much an interrogated person yields to leading questions, as well as how much an interrogated person shifts their responses when additional interrogative pressure is applied. The test is designed specifically to measure the effects of suggestive questions and instructions. Although originally developed in English, the scale has been translated into several different languages, including Portuguese,Pires, R., Silva, DR., & Ferreira, AS. (2014). "The Portuguese adaptation of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS1) in a sample of inmates". International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 37(3), 289–294.Pires, R., Silva, DR., & Ferreira, AS. (2013).

During the course of the trial Duncan objected several times to stop the prosecutor in irrelevant and in leading questions, or in perversions of answers. The Admiralty was therefore desirous that he should not sit on the court-martial of Sir Hugh Palliser for failure to obey orders during the same battle. The court-martial was set for April. The day before the assembling of the court the admiralty sent down orders for Monarch to go to St. Helens. Her crew, however, refused to weigh the anchor until they were paid their advance; and as this could not be done in time, Monarch was still in Portsmouth harbour when the signal for the court-martial was made; cites Considerations on the Principles of Naval Discipline, 8vo, 1781, p. 106n.

Section 86 provides that a person commits contempt of court who prints or publishes material relating to a question that has been disallowed or in breach of any order of the Judge made in relation to a question that a witness is not obliged to answer. Section 87 and 88 restrict questioning, the giving of evidence, or the making of statements or remarks about the precise address of any witness and the occupation of a complainant in a sexual case, respectively. In general, such questioning and evidence and the making of any such statements or remarks, is prohibited unless the Judge considers that exclusion would be contrary to the interests of justice. Section 89 restricts the use of leading questions in examination in chief or re-examination of a witness.

One of the earliest real life cases which had a pervasive influence on American movies was that of Ed Gein, arrested in 1957. A farmer who had resided with his mother until her death, he had then killed two women and dug up female bodies from the local cemetery, making various items out of their skin. Rumours spread that he was also a necrophiliac, cannibal or transvestite, though these appear to have been unsupported other than by brief affirmations from Gein to leading questions by interrogators.Deviant Harold Schechter, 1998, Pg 192, 238Ed Gein: the Cannibal Myth Exposed Gein was found mentally ill and legally insane before trial, deemed to have had schizophrenia (psychosis including delusions and hallucinations) for at least 12 years, though at least one media psychiatrist dubbed him instead a 'sexual psychopath'.

There are three main points that President Grant put forward in his Inauguration Address, which he had entirely written on his own. Grant started off his Inauguration Address by discussing how the laws should be enforced and what an ideal executive branch should look like, > On all leading questions agitating the public mind I will always express my > views to Congress and urge them according to my judgment, and when I think > it advisable will exercise the constitutional privilege of interposing a > veto to defeat measures which I oppose; but all laws will be faithfully > executed, whether they meet my approval or not. > I shall on all subjects have a policy to recommend, but none to enforce > against the will of the people. Laws are to govern all alike--those opposed > as well as those who favor them.

In the United States federal Courts, a cross-examining attorney is typically not permitted to ask questions that do not pertain to the testimony offered during direct examination, but most state courts do permit a lawyer to cross-examine a witness on matters not raised during direct examination. Similarly, courts in England, South Africa, Australia, and Canada allow a cross-examiner to exceed the scope of direct examination. Since a witness called by the opposing party is presumed to be hostile, cross-examination does permit leading questions. A witness called by a direct examiner, on the other hand, may only be treated as hostile by that examiner after being permitted to do so by the judge, at the request of that examiner and as a result of the witness being openly antagonistic and/or prejudiced against the party that called them.

According to Dell, Bonney was incapable of understanding his actions or their consequences, and could not distinguish right from wrong at the time. Dr. Philip Coons, a psychiatrist appointed by the prosecution who had reviewed some 13 hours of video footage of Bonney’s sessions with Dell but had not interviewed Bonney and made no diagnosis, was critical of Dell’s methods in multiple points. According to him, Dell had not conducted a proper psychiatric interview at the beginning, allowed Bonney to ramble, asked him leading questions and improperly suggested to Bonney that he might have other personalities while Bonney was under hypnosis. According to Coons, death of a family member was not sufficient to induce dissociative identity disorder, but the symptoms could have been created by hypnosis. A physician who had treated Bonney in hospital in early October 1988 testified that Bonney showed symptoms consistent with Dell’s diagnosis.

In most state courts, the public defender's office decides who is poor enough to merit representation; in St. Louis Family Court the judge or court commissioner, sometimes based on different standards, decides who gets access to counsel. Most troubling to the justice official was the continuing use of court officials to recite complicated statutory language about the alleged crimes, then leading the defendants through "formulaic 'do you understand' and yes/no questions." Judges made no effort to find out if the pleas were coerced, whether the child had any criminal intent or especially, did they fully understand the consequences of pleading guilty to the charges. Their competency to take part in their own defense was never established and the legal aide in the cases examined never challenged a probable cause finding, hired an expert witness or challenged hearsay evidence or leading questions and most cases ended with the child pleading guilty.

Doubt has since been cast on the reliability of Gauci as a witness; five years after the trial, former Lord Advocate, Lord Fraser of Carmyllie, publicly described Gauci as being "an apple short of a picnic" and "not quite the full shilling", and it was revealed in 2007 by the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission that Gauci was interviewed 17 times by Scottish and Maltese police during which he made a series of inconclusive statements. In addition, a legal source said that there was evidence that leading questions had been put to Gauci. In the BBC Two The Conspiracy Files: Lockerbie shown on August 31, 2008, it was claimed that one significant reason for Megrahi's latest appeal was that Gauci, who had picked him out in a line-up, had seen a magazine photograph of him just four days before he made the identification.

The initial arrests of the Tucson Four have generated controversy over how the investigation was conducted. McGraw, while offering tantalizing details on the shooting for months, was later found to be unreliable, as he had a history of making outlandish claims while he was in prison in 1988, and that investigators, despite little evidence that linked McGraw and others anywhere near the crime scene at the time of the crime, deemed McGraw a reliable witness because they believed he was hospitalized as a psychiatric patient out of suicidal guilt over the killings. It was also discovered that the investigation was beginning to focus on Doody and Garcia, following the discovery of the murder weapon, but that the investigation stopped after McGraw's phone call that led to the Tucson Four's arrest, and the murder weapon sat in a detective's office for weeks before being tested. Eventually, it was discovered that the men were coerced into confessing, with investigators extracting false confessions by exaggerating evidence, badgering them with leading questions, and threatening the death penalty.

But > sometimes they had called upon her before she had gone to bed so that her > husband and children would not notice it, and without having gone to sleep > before (as far as she could tell), she left and arrived fully clothed. She > further claimed that she at that time did not realise that it was sinful > before her confessor had opened her eyes and told her that it was Satan and > that she was not allowed to do it further, but she still continued it until > two months ago. And she left filled with happiness of the joy she received > from it....and because (the king and the queen) gave her means to cure the > sick so that she could earn some money, because she had always been poor After this freely given statement, the Inquisition interrogated her and asked her leading questions. The attitude of the Inquisition was that fairies did not exist, but were a remnant of pagan superstition which should be eradicated and not be taken seriously.

Several surveys were conducted prior to the December 2005 decision in Kitzmiller v. Dover School District, which sought to determine the level of support for intelligent design among certain groups. According to a 2005 Harris poll, 10% of adults in the United States viewed human beings as "so complex that they required a powerful force or intelligent being to help create them." Although Zogby polls commissioned by the Discovery Institute show more support, these polls suffer from considerable flaws, such as having a very low response rate (248 out of 16,000), being conducted on behalf of an organization with an expressed interest in the outcome of the poll, and containing leading questions. The 2017 Gallup creationism survey found that 38% of adults in the United States hold the view that "God created humans in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years" when asked for their views on the origin and development of human beings, which was noted as being at the lowest level in 35 years.