Heavy rain caused landslips, closing arterial roads, including a state highway.
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Government officials have previously said sand dredging is sustainable and can actually help local ecosystems by preventing landslips.
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Not far from where I live now is Mam Tor, which is sometimes known locally as the "Shivering Mountain," due to frequent landslips.
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New Zealand media reported that three cows filmed stranded on a small patch of grass surrounded by landslips had been rescued by a farmer.
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Scores of roads were closed or blocked by landslips across New Zealand's North Island following two days of heavy rainfall caused by the tailwind of Cyclone Debbie.
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The region's transport network suffered considerable damage with one tunnel caved in, a highway bridge damaged, roads blocked by landslips and train services halted, Japanese media reported.
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The region's transport network suffered considerable damage with one tunnel caved in, a highway bridge damaged, roads cut or blocked by landslips and train services halted, media reported.
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The town of Kaikoura, a base for whale-watching about 6.33 km (26.3 miles) northeast of Christchurch, the South Island's main city, remained cut off by massive landslips.
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Kaikoura, the coastal holiday town at the epicenter of that quake, was shut off from the rest of the country for the second time in six months as connecting roads were again hit by landslips.
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WELLINGTON (Reuters) - New Zealand began a major clean-up operation on Friday after heavy rain and floodwaters from the tail end of Cyclone Debbie swamped towns in the North Island and caused landslips that blocked roads.
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"Heavy rainfall and gusty thunderstorms bring the potential for flash flooding, particularly in the burnt-out areas of New South Wales and Victoria which are now vulnerable for landslips and trees coming down," meteorologist Sarah Scully said in a video posted on the Bureau of Meteorology website.
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This has a number of weirdly shaped rock pinnacles, the remnants of ancient landslips.
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Multiple landslides also occurred at Shiu Fai Terrace in Wan Chai. In total, three large landslips occurred over a continuous area on June 16. They were not as large as the Po Shan Road disaster but altogether affected a greater area. Several were killed by the landslips.
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Bowleaze, Dorset Camera, 16 October 2004. There are many landslips on the cliffs at this point.Erosian at Broadrock, Geograph, UK.
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Associated with dry sandy habitats such as coastal dunes, landslips and grasslands; as well as inland heathlands (e.g. Breckland), gravel pits and gardens on sandy soils.
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Since the landslip the area south of Church Ope Cove has been given the local name of Southwell Landslips. The cliff face has been subject to extensive quarrying, and subsequent smaller landslips have tilted huge masses of rocks at odd angles. Along this part of the coastline much of Portland's raw sewage once poured into the sea from an exposed pipe. An expensive scheme was completed to pump all Portland's sewage to Weymouth.
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GeologyShop, "Folkestone & Hythe Landslips; the Warren, Copt Point, Castle Hill and the relict seacliffs between Hythe and Lympne". The Warren was still a popular picnic spot in Edwardian times and a nearby tea chalet served hundreds of visitors daily.Jill Batchelor, "A buddleia waiting to start into growth again", 23 January 2005. The land was then defended from coastal erosion with the intentional effect of stopping any more landslips to the land beyond the line.
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Rinadeena is railway station and stopping place on the West Coast Wilderness Railway in Tasmania. When the original Mount Lyell railway line was being built, it was the location of some significant landslips. In the time of operations of the Mount Lyell railway landslips continued. In the event of wildfires in the adjacent district, with little to prevent fires affecting the railway line and Rinadeena structures, losses were inevitable in the past.
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The fort has long since been obliterated by landslips but was the most westerly of over 20 forts which existed across northern Perthshire.Archaeology Data Service. Gives details of Circular Fort.
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The construction started on 10 June 2009. Construction was completed in October 2011. The opening of export terminal at Ust-Luga was postponed until 2012 due to damage by landslips.
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The drift geology average thickness is between . Several landslips occur in the highlands including many bole holes historically made for the construction of the M4 motorway, steelworks and coal mines.
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Natural slopes in the Wadhurst Clay, like those in the Ashdown Formation, are known for their instability, especially where impermeable clays and impermeable silts and siltstones are interbedded. Instability, resulting in landslips, often occurs along shear surfaces and weaknesses that originally developed during the Late Devensian glaciation. Other common features include cambering, valley bulging and solifluction lobes. Landslips often occur at or close to the upper boundary of the Wadhurst Clay, which is shared with the overlying Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.
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The official public right of way leading to the bay has been subject to landslips over the decades. In 2014, the path was officially closed by the council due to landslides and falling rocks.
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The rim of Theophilus has a wide, terraced inner surface that shows indications of landslips. It is 4200 metres deep with massive walls and has broken into a second formation, Cyrillus.Moore, Patrick (2001). On the Moon.
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Ensom (p.61) The overlying Gault is revealed in the spring lines around the chalk ridges and escarpments. This water is also responsible for the many landslips throughout Dorset's history from the prehistoric to modern times.Ensom (p.
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A total of 245.8 mm of rain fell in Whakatāne in the 48-hour period and many small earthquakes were also felt during this time, loosening the sodden earth and resulting in landslips that claimed two lives.
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Cracks were observed in asphalt roads at several locations. Landslips cut off parts of Mandakini valley and Mandal valley and many major roads. The death toll was 103. Several hundred people injured and approximately 50,000 houses were damaged.
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Andrena timmerana is a generalist which occurs across many habitats including landslips and cliffs in coastal areas and heaths, open woodland, chalk grassland, fens, pastures and gardens in inland areas, as well as brownfield sites and occasionally urban greenspace.
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Historically the road was designated the A625 but was re- designated after frequent landslips where the road ascended Mam Tor, resulting in its closure in 1979. The A625 was re-routed towards Calver via Stony Ridge and Froggatt Edge.
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The distance to Mersin is about . But due to frequent landslips the village is planned to be relocated. The population of Zeybekler was 173 Statistical Institute as of 2012. The village is known as a fruit (especially peach) producer.
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There are also 3 other hills surrounding Mynydd Carn-y-Cefn which are Coity Mountain and Mulfran. You can also see Pen y Fan from the summit. There are numerous landslips on the flanks of the ridge, notably above Blaina.
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Some landslips continued to occur, causing withdrawals of emergency personnel. More than an hour had passed when the first survivors were pulled from the rubble, at 9:24. Eventually, however, most known survivors had been rescued in the next several days.
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Water and gravel erosion on the slope of an escarpment Klingen occur especially in the small catchment areas of heavily forested low mountain regions, carved out by erosion processes even today, where, as a result of the alternating layers of porous sandstones or limestones on top of impervious clays and marls, small springs arise. Hillsides are often undercut which may trigger small or medium- sized landslips or even mudflows. In southwestern Germany these processes occur especially in the small, steep-sided valley that flow into the Rhine system. In harder, jointed (and therefore pervious) rocks, landslips are rarer.
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Slope Stability Engineering, Institution of Civil Engineers, Thomas Telford, 1991 , Google Books, retrieved 3 August 2008 There were previously steps down to the beach from the clifftop coastal path, but these are now (as of 2017) closed due to erosion and landslips.
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On 20 July flooding occurred in many parts of Greater London. Water and power supplies were not disrupted but parts of South West London were under of water. Heathrow Airport cancelled 141 flights. Two of four rail lines in South Croydon were closed by landslips.
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During the rest of the war, the hospital in Belemedik was used by the Turkish nationalists. After the war, Belemedik continued to be a stop on the railroad. But because of the lack of agricultural land and landslips in 1969, the population decreased sharply.
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Retrieved 19 August 2015 The most recent serious landslips occurred in 2007, 2012 and 2015. In all three of the occurrences, the fallen debris has blocked lanes on Nepean Highway.Tatman, Christian (21 March 2015). "Owner slapped with retaining wall order after Olivers Hill landslip".
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Small landslips affect Blorenge's slopes, the most well-known of which is the Tumble through which the B4246 climbs towards Keeper's Pond.British Geological Survey 50K Map sheet 232 'Abergavenny' & accompanying memoir Wildfire damage near the top of Blorenge, near Abergavenny, south Wales, in 2010.
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Seagrove Bay from Horestone Point The bay was created between two rocky limestone headlands by the coastal erosion of a soft clay stata due to this weak geology the bay used to be prone to landslips. The sea bottom is sandy and gently shallowing.
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The well-preserved rim of Pythagoras has a wide terrace system, and a slight rampart around the exterior. Although generally circular, the crater outline has a hexagonal form. The floor is flattened, but with an irregular, hilly surface. There is evidence of landslips around the periphery.
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Secca di Spargi ('Spargi shoal'; also called Secca Washington) is a recommended and marked-out area for diving. It consists of large blocks of granite together with boulders and landslips, and includes tafoni and depressions. It ranges in depth from to . Fish include grouper, meagre, sea bream and barracuda.
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Other than a small outlier of Old Red Sandstone, there are no younger solid rocks within the National Park. The ice ages of the last 2.5 million years have however left their mark both in terms of erosional and depositional features. Post-glacial features include peat and landslips.
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There are numerous other landslips of a similar nature on the nearby hills, especially that at Black Darren and Red Darren at the edge of the Hatterall Ridge to the south west, where the great size of the slippage dominates the side of the mountain. There is a yet larger landslip on the Skirrid, which is visible on the hill from a great distance as a deep notch in the landscape. Such landslips were probably formed at the end of the last Ice age when meltwater undermined the strata. There are many rock tables on the ridge of the Black Hill, where structural details such as rock jointing, can be seen more closely.
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Introduction , Ventnor Botanic Garden website (retrieved 9 July 2013) Although inhabited, the Undercliff is an area prone to landslips and subsidence, with accompanying loss of property over time. Settlements along the Undercliff, from west to east, are: lower Niton (also called Niton Undercliff), Puckaster, St Lawrence, Steephill, the town of Ventnor, and Bonchurch.
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It comprises a fine to medium grained sandstone ranging in thickness from 1.2m to 8m. Other marker beds can be found throughout the formation including the Cliff End Sandstone and the Lee Ness Sandstone.Codd, J.W. (2007) Analysis of the distribution and characteristics of landslips in the Weald of East Sussex. MSc dissertation, University of Brighton.
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Every rainy season, frequent landslips would mar the soil condition of upland barangays causing the feeder roads to be impassable. The southern part is bordered by rivers and creeks. The Santa Cruz Creek serves as a demarcation line between the towns of Bontoc and Sogod. Gakat Creek functions as boundary between Sogod and Libagon.
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Patches of glacial till originating in the last ice age (Devensian) are common in many of the valleys. Around Clun itself is a substantial morainic deposit. Landslips have occurred in places, notably that beneath Caer-din Ring. The floor of the Clun valley is formed from alluvium whilst there is evidence of three river terraces.
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Landslips, fallen power lines, and road closures resulted from heavy rain in February 2008. The Northland Regional Council scheduled flood-protection work for 2008, but as of 2011 it was still waiting on various consents. Floods occurred as a result of Cyclone Wilma in January 2011, and 70 people had to be evacuated from Kaeo.
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The level interior of Albategnius forms a walled plain, surrounded by the high, terraced rim. The outer wall is somewhat hexagon- shaped, and has been heavily eroded with impacts, valleys and landslips. It attains a height above 4,000 metres along the northeast face. The rim is broken in the southwest by the smaller crater Klein.
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Alderman Gordon Thompson, a local politician for the Brisbane City Council, declared at the time that, within the landslip area, "land that was being sold for homesites should never have gone on the market for that use".'Landslips Force Evacuation in Brisbane: Hundreds of Homes, High School in Danger'. Sydney Morning Herald. 21 March 1974; at p. 13.
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Osmia xanthomelana is found around eroded cliffs of softer rocks such as clay and chalk, among landslips, dunes and in semi-natural and unimproved grassland where its food plant bird's-foot trefoil occurs. To be suitable a site should also have a supply of freshwater from seepages which is needed for the bee to construct its cells for breeding.
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After falling out with King Henry III, De Burgh was stripped of Hadleigh Castle. The castle was claimed by the monarchy and stayed in royal hands until being sold (with much of the stonework dismantled and sold) in 1551. What remained of the castle's ruins later suffered from several landslips, and are currently owned by English Heritage.
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From December to May the average temperatures range from , while between June and November, they range from . On the Köppen climate classification scale, much of Barbados is regarded as a tropical monsoon climate (Am). However, breezes of abound throughout the year and give Barbados a climate which is moderately tropical. Infrequent natural hazards include earthquakes, landslips, and hurricanes.
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The reserve covers an area of 55 hectares, through which the Balnagurad Burn runs. The gully is steep- sided, and once hosted a footpath, though landslips have made the old route dangerous and impassable. There are several waterfalls. To the east of the gully lies a birch wood, and to the west are numerous areas of juniper woodland.
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A further possibility is that a valley glacier steepened the sides of the valley, leaving unstable slopes that failed after the glacier melted, causing the landslide. However, immediately upstream is a normal river valley so any glacier would have been small. Alport Castles has been selected for geological conservation as one of the most significant landslips in Britain.
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The Chink is a scenic rock cleft between Bonchurch and Luccombe, Isle of Wight, with steps descending from St Boniface Down to the Bonchurch Landslips below. Its upper end is at the northern end of clifftop parkland accessed from the Leeson Road (A3055) car park, where there is a Southern Vectis bus route 3 stop. The Chink was known in Victorian times as part of the development of the Bonchurch Landslips as a picturesque woodland walk.Historic Environment Action Plan: The Undercliff, Isle of Wight County Archaeology and Historic Environment Service, October 2008 (retrieved 13 July 2013) One of several such paths with carved steps connecting the clifftop to the Isle of Wight Undercliff, it follows a joint through the Upper Greensand crags capping the cliffs above the Landslip.
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The Salvation Army gave the castle to the Ministry of Works in 1948, and it is now owned by English Heritage, classed as a scheduled monument and a Grade I listed building. Subsidence and landslips have continued; the north-east tower largely collapsed in the 1950s, and further major slippages occurred in 1969, 1970, and 2002.Alexander and Westlake, pp.6, 52.
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The Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation comprises complex cyclic sequences of siltstones with sandstones and clays, typically fining upwards, and is lithologically similar to the older Ashdown Formation.Codd, J.W. (2007) Analysis of the distribution and characteristics of landslips in the Weald of East Sussex. MSc dissertation, University of Brighton. It has a total thickness typically in the region of about 75 m.
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A landslide on the East Sussex coast at Fairlight The Hastings to Pett Level section of the coast has suffered a number of significant recent and historic landslips, dating back to the 18th Century. These can be seen in and around Covehurst Wood and the Fairlight, Ecclesbourne and Warren Glens.Robinson, D.A. & Williams, R.B.G. (1984) Classic Landforms of the Weald. The Geographical Association, Sheffield.
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Situated at the foot of a mountain, the hamlet experienced frequent landslips during rainy seasons. Thus, the settlers called their area as “Anas” [landslides] as a consequence of that phenomenon. It was later renamed in honor of the hamlet's patron saint, San Vicente Ferrer. By June 21, 1959, the place was recognized a barangay through the provisions of Republic Act No. 2563.
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One of the extant stone piers of Nethan Viaduct in 2007 There were major difficulties building the line as, following rain, the ground took up the appearance and consistency of black mud. The line was built over a vast coalfield. In between the coal were large deposits of various other valuable minerals. There were several landslips as the embankments were being built.
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It is slightly less travelled as it is a slightly longer route from Mettupalayam to Ooty than the route via Coonoor, though as of 2012 the road condition is superior to the Coonoor Ghat road. It is also statistically less vulnerable to landslips. It is possible to divert from this route to Coonoor. There is a link from Aravenu to Bandishola.
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After a number of landslips around the isle in the early 2000s slope reactivation measures were used to support to the shoreline and also due to coastal winds the sandy beach had depleted. Beach levels fell around a metre (3ft) in the decade prior to 2007, this affected the seawall by exposing the foundations so work to correct this was undertaken.
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The cliff contains layers of Blue Lias and clay; in wet seasons the clay causes the layers above to become saturated and hence landslips occur, exposing many fossils. Mary Anning famously found an Ichthyosaurus in the Spittles.Lyme Bay Fossils: Jurassic Beach Guide. NClarke, Nigel J. (2004) The Spittles also lies just to the west of another popular fossiling location along the Jurassic Coastline at Black Ven.
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The northern boundary is formed by the sides of the Dundry Plateau where the most significant geological formation is the Inferior Oolite of the Jurassic period found on the higher ground around Maes Knoll. This overlays the Lower Lias Clay found on the adjoining slopes. The clays make a poor foundation and landslips are characteristic on the slopes. This area was once connected to the Cotswolds.
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During the landslips occurred in August 2019 at Padil- Kulashekar railway section in Mangaluru, Several trains were terminated at Surathkal railway stations. There is an urgent need of constructing another platform at Surathkal railway station to handle such emergencies and also increasing passengers. Surathkal railway station has tea stall,waiting room and running room.Rolling IN and Rolling OUT of RORO rakes are carried here.
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78) During the summer months, partial melting of the ice created large rivers that washed enormous amounts of sand and gravel across the county, forming huge terraces in both the upland areas and valleys.Ensom (p.78) These rivers cut down into the landscape as they made their way to the lower sea levels. This action caused many large-scale landslips, most notably around Shaftesbury and Abbotsbury.
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Services towards Newcastle & Leeds were also disrupted at the same time due to weather-related landslips near and respectively. A replacement bus service ran between Hexham & whilst repairs were carried out on the Tyne Valley line.Railway between Hexham and Prudhoe will be closed for weeks after Corbridge landslip Riddell, Kathryn Newcastle Chronicle article 8 January 2016 The line reopened to traffic on 8 February 2016.
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Until recently, all access roads to the Nilgiri hills were toll roads in order to facilitate the high maintenance costs. Roads are now in much better condition that a few years ago. However, it is not uncommon for a route to be closed for several days or even weeks due to landslips. If so traffic is usually diverted onto one of the other ghats.
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In Great Britain this is a species where the majority of modern records are coastal, and inland records have declined probably due to habitat loss. On the coast, the habitat is typically cliffs and landslips, while inland the habitat is well-grazed downland and heathland It appears to be thermophilic and shows a strong preference for south-facing slopes and banks in sunny locations.
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The tower was automated in 1984 and controlled from Trinity House Operations Centre at Harwich in Essex. The keepers' dwellings have since been demolished to make room for a Helipad to be constructed. This was necessary due to the precarious nature of the access road which is liable to frequent rock falls and landslips. Vehicular access is now very difficult and the gates tend to remain locked.
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Culverts and other passages for water must be kept clear lest water is impounded by the trackbed, causing landslips. Where trackbeds are placed along rivers, additional protection is usually placed to prevent streambank erosion during times of high water. Bridges require inspection and maintenance, since they are subject to large surges of stress in a short period of time when a heavy train crosses.
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The distinctive landslip viewed from the south The distinctive shape of this Old Red Sandstone hill comprises a long ridge oriented nearly north–south, with a jagged western side resulting from ice age landslips . The upper slopes of the hill are composed of Devonian age sandstones assigned to the Senni Formation (formerly known as the "Senni Beds"). These overlie weaker mudstones of the St Maughans Formation - a situation which has contributed to the instability of the hill's steep flanks, resulting in a very large landslip at the northern end of the mountain, although the British Geological Survey map of the area (Abergavenny sheet) shows the landslide extending along the whole of the west side of the mountain. There are numerous other landslips of a similar nature on the nearby hills, although that on the Skirrid is perhaps the most well known owing to its visibility from several directions.
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When they become exposed to the elements at the surface, the mudstones often degrade over a short period of time and weather to yellowish brown and greenish grey clays.Codd, J.W. (2007) Analysis of the distribution and characteristics of landslips in the Weald of East Sussex. MSc dissertation, University of Brighton. The formation thickness ranges from 55m in the Tenterden area, to 30m near Lewes and varies in between.
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Domestic wells and sweetwater springs in the area dried up for several weeks thereafter due to the many landslips and seismic movements below the surrounding Gawler Ranges. In 1970 Williamstown hosted one of the last performances of the Barnum & Baily, Ringling Brothers Circus in the original Big Top at the Oval where their performing elephants were enjoyed along with 'the world's smallest horse' at just over five hands high.
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Another Oblique view from Apollo 16 The relatively isolated location of this crater serves to highlight its well-formed shape. Bullialdus has a high outer rim that is circular but observers have noted a slightly polygonal appearance. The inner walls are terraced and contain many signs of landslips. The outer ramparts are covered in a wide ejecta blanket that highlights a radial pattern of low ridges and valleys.
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Conybeare, Buckland. Memoir and Views of Landslips on the Coast of East Devon &c.; 1840, John Murray, 1840 A large tract of land below Bindon Manor and Dowlands Farm slipped, creating the features now called Goat Island and the Chasm. It took with it an area of sown wheatfield which remained sufficiently undamaged for the wheat to be harvested in 1840, when the slip was a popular visitor attraction.
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Floods may be secondary effects of earthquakes, if dams are damaged. Earthquakes may cause landslips to dam rivers, which collapse and cause floods. The terrain below the Sarez Lake in Tajikistan is in danger of catastrophic flooding if the landslide dam formed by the earthquake, known as the Usoi Dam, were to fail during a future earthquake. Impact projections suggest the flood could affect roughly 5 million people.
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St Lawrence is a village on the south side of the Isle of Wight, in southern England. It is located to the west of Ventnor and many consider it a part of that town. St Lawrence is situated on the Undercliff, and is subject to frequent landslips. The village is a strip along the coast next to the English Channel, nearby bays include: Woody Bay, Mount Bay and Orchard Bay.
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Evidence suggests that the granite currently at the surface was initially to be found at a depth of between 4 and 7 km. Other than a small outlier of Old Red Sandstone, there are no younger solid rocks within the national park. The ice ages of the last 2.5 million years have however left their mark both in terms of erosional and depositional features. Post-glacial features include peat and landslips.
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The whole region north from Belhaven Avenue to School Creek is unstable ground undergoing a slow moving landslide called "School Creek Landslide". This started hundreds of years ago before there were any buildings constructed. Movement to the northwest is happening, the tennis court moved about 40 mm in 11 years, and a survey marker near the road entrance has shifted 0.4 m since 1961. Several smaller landslips are parasitic or nearby.
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Mam Tor is a hill near Castleton in the High Peak of Derbyshire, England. Its name means "mother hill", so called because frequent landslips on its eastern face have resulted in a multitude of "mini-hills" beneath it. These landslips, which are caused by unstable lower layers of shale, also give the hill its alternative name of Shivering Mountain.Natural Curiosities of Derbyshire, in: The Every-day Book and Table Book; or, Everlasting Calendar of Popular Amusements, Sports, Pastimes, Ceremonies, Manners, Customs, and Events, Each of the Three Hundred and Sixty-Five Days, in Past and Present Times; Forming a Complete History of the Year, Months, and Seasons, and a Perpetual Key to the Almanac, Including Accounts of the Weather, Rules for Health and Conduct, Remarkable and Important Anecdotes, Facts, and Notices, in Chronology, Antiquities, Topography, Biography, Natural History, Art, Science and General Literature; Derived from the Most Authentic Sources, and Valuable Original Communication, with Poetical Elucidations, for Daily Use and Diversion.
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Budleigh Pebbles Further east at Ladram Bay, more sandstone cliffs give rise to spectacular red sandstone stacks. Around Lyme Regis and Charmouth the cliffs are of Jurassic clays and shale, and landslips are common. Chesil Beach is a good example of a barrier beach and stretches for from Burton Bradstock to the Isle of Portland. The beach encloses an intertidal lagoon which is an internationally important Ramsar Convention site known for its biodiversity.
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Landslips caused by marine erosion still occur today, with some of the largest taking place along the West Dorset Coast. Fossilised remains, including the teeth and tusks of elephants and mammoths dating back 500,000 years, are often exposed.Ensom (p.79) Flint and Chert tools from early human visitors have been retrieved from the river terraces around the Dorset and Devon border, although these may have been transported here with the other river deposits.
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Unlike the neighbouring mountain ranges to the west and southwest, the Ammergau Alps only have a few pastures and alms. The majority of the range is covered in forest. This is due to the fact that large parts of the Ammergau Alps were a royal hunting area and also that dolomite and flysch soils create unsuitable conditions for alm and grassland cultivation. Dolomite produces thin, dry soils and flysch is too prone to landslips.
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The very summit of Sugar Loaf is formed from sandstones of the Quartz Conglomerate Group which are of late Devonian age. There are a number of landslips on its flanks which are believed to date from early post- glacial times. The former Usk Valley glacier divided to north and south of it as it travelled eastwards, though the mountain itself is largely free from glacial till.British Geological Survey 50K map sheet 232, Abergavenny, & accompanying memoir.
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Voight and his brothers grew up playing golf, and Barry also developed an interest in swimming. Voight graduated from Archbishop Stepinac High School in 1955. After high school, Voight pursued a 5-year intensive dual-degree program at the University of Notre Dame, studying landslips along Lake Michigan and receiving undergraduate degrees in geology in 1959 and in civil engineering in 1960.Newsletter of the Engineering Geology Division of the Geological Society of America (2010), p. 4.
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The hill is composed of sedimentary sandstones and mudstones of the Senni Formation of the Old Red Sandstone which is of Devonian age. The regular sequence of the strata can often be seen in quarries, or in the escarpments on either side of the ridge. It is most obvious in the exposures created by the local landslips, where selective erosion of weak strata has destabilized the rocks above. Numerous small quarries adorn its slopes, though all are now abandoned.
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The 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake was a magnitude 6.6 earthquake that occurred at 2:31:05 pm (NZST) on Friday 16 August 2013. The epicentre was located about 10 km south-east of Seddon, under Lake Grassmere, with a focal depth of 8 km. The earthquake caused significant land damage in the local area, with landslips blocking roads, including the main highway between Blenheim and Christchurch. Buildings in Seddon were damaged, with some being declared uninhabitable.
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Rua spent an increasing amount of time in Matahi, and was there when he died in 1937. During the 1918 flu pandemic, the area did not have the high mortality rate of other parts of eastern Bay of Plenty. The Matahi Bridge was destroyed and the area was cut off by landslips during severe flooding in March 1964. One of Rua's grandsons had to be rescued by helicopter after being badly injured in the severe weather.
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It is not permitted to leave the path due to the nature reserve status and the dangerous terrain.GCR Site: 800 Axmouth to Lyme Regis , South West Grid for Learning Trust Some of the landslips that created the Undercliff took place within historical record. Recorded slips took place in 1775, 1828, 1839 (the Great Slip) and 1840. The 1839 slip was especially well-documented since the geologists Buckland and Conybeare were in the area to survey it.
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Work to join the east and west sections began in 1999. But the scheme suffered a major setback after the Chūetsu earthquake in 2004 when landslips covered large parts of the route. In 2005/06 efforts were made to clear these blockages and restart building work. The finished route, which presently is a dirt track and is only passable by 4x4s or construction traffic, will include several spanned bridges, avalanche covers and a 1.5 km tunnel.
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The oldest exposed rocks in the county are the Purbeck Beds or more formally the Purbeck Group, which are of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age. The Purbeck Beds outcrop at three locations north and northwest west of Battle, East Sussex and at Netherfield. They also occur at several other locations east of Heathfield, East Sussex and at Beak's Wood near Burwash.Codd, J.W. (2007) Analysis of the distribution and characteristics of landslips in the Weald of East Sussex.
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Part of it is Folkestone Warren Site of Special Scientific Interest, designated for both its biology and geology. The site is well known for the amount of fossils being found in the park, and the landslips are of great interest to those studying geomorphology. The land is generally formed out of Gault Clay (for the cliffs) and sandstone for the more resistant rocky headland of Copt Point. The site of a World War II observation post.
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Shiu Fai Terrace, another site of landslips, had been leased in 1920 and the number and height of buildings that could be built on it had been restricted, probably decreasing the death toll of the 1972 disasters. On 18 June, to cope with the disasters, all British Forces in the colony were mobilised, all police and fire services leave was cancelled, and the Civil Aid Service and Auxiliary Medical Services were called to assist in rescue operations.
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Throughout June 1972, multiple incidents of landslides occurred throughout Hong Kong, especially in Wan Chai. In total, combined with the Po Shan and Shiu Fai landslides, the landslips killed around 148 people. While they severely crippled infrastructure and emergency services through Hong Kong, the landslides of 1972 have led to improved guidelines for hillside excavation and safety and rescue procedures, and no such disaster has caused such a large loss of life in Hong Kong since.
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Kerala Agricultural University, Cardamom Research Station See:map. CHR is the centre of a controversy between the Forest Department and the Revenue Department over control of the cardamom plantations in the reserve. Non-cardamom cultivation, illegal land conversion and large scale destruction of trees in the CHR have been blamed for flash-floods and landslips in Idukki and siltation problems in the Idukki dam.Govind M. Harish, "Row among departments highlights damage to Cardamom Hill Reserve", The Hindu, 18 December 2005.
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There was a footpath down a set of wooden steps to the beach from the coastal path, but these are currently closed due to damage from landslips. A small fishing community existed at the foot of the Chine on the bay until it was destroyed in the Great Landslip of 1910. The area is the site of a lot of erosion and cliff retreat (though no cliff failures), with a loss of around a foot (30 cm) per year.
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Mains water supply was mostly restored to Kaikōura township by 19 November, but supply was in a "fragile state" and conservation was necessary. The sewage system was "severely damaged" and unusable. On 30 November 2016, the Inland Kaikoura Road, redesignated "Kaikoura Emergency Access Road", was reopened to civilian drivers holding a permit and for restricted times of the day. Twenty-five crews had worked to clear 50 landslips on that highway alone. It reopened unrestricted to all traffic on 19 December 2016.
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Valley slope processes in the Vale of Fernhurst have resulted in escarpments to the north and south that are steep enough to have collapsed by land slipping.Friend (2008), pp. 171-172. Further east, the Lower Greensand has not produced any pronounced topographical features. In many places along the escarpment of the Greensand Ridge erosion by wind and rain, landslips on the steep scarp face, and solifluction in glacial times have further combined to create steep-side coombes, and low hillocks below the scarp.
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Ammonite fossil at Port Mulgrave The geology of the cliffs is Whitby Mudstone Formation (alum shale) and Cleveland Ironstone Formation with traces of Jet in the shale. The official access route to the beach is down a steep path leading to a wooden ladder. The whole area is subject to coastal erosion, landslips and path closures. Ammonite, dinosaur and reptile fossils can be found on the foreshore and in the cliffs and because of this it is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
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The sedimentary sandstone bedrock of Holmbury Hill is part of the Hythe Beds, laid down in shallow seas approximately 113 to 126 million years ago in the Cretaceous Period. The sandstone mass overlays the weaker Atherfield Clay Formation, a sedimentary mudstone also laid down in the shallow seas of the Cretaceous. This combination is very prone to vertical landslip and gives rise to steep escarpments.Codd, J.W. (2007) Analysis of the distribution and characteristics of landslips in the Weald of East Sussex.
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The Bonchurch Landslip (also called East End Landslip) involves a coastal Cretaceous sequence where harder Upper Greensand rocks overlie softer Gault clay. It has SSSI status for its geomorphological interest (the Undercliff itself, and the landslips and mud flows below) and its botanical assemblage. The Gault clay supports established woodland of ash, oak and beech, with unusual lichen species. The lower slips, comprising mixed clay and sandy habitats, support a complex mix of acid-loving and chalk-loving plant species.
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As a result, the tremendous rains that occurred just prior to the flood, during which rainfall rates reached per hour, the land was unable to absorb a majority of the rain. Many landslides ranging from deep and wide occurred across the region. Altogether, rains were twice as heavy as the land could handle and the many landslips doubled the volume of fluids. At various points along rivers, temporary dams created by debris, namely trees, allowed a build up of water upstream.
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The South West Coast Path goes through the village, parts of which were closed and diverted in February 2007 following landslips in the woods. The woods around the village are home to the rare Sorbus vexans, a microspecies of self-cloning Sorbus trees which are only found in the coastal area between Culbone and Trentishoe in Devon. It is amongst the rarest trees in Britain. Other Whitebeam and Rowan species found in the area include; Sorbus subcuneata, Sorbus ‘Taxon D’ and Sorbus aucuparia.
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128 There have been many more closures since, caused both by landslips from the cliffs and breaches by the sea, especially in winter. In 2010 the sea walls and adjoining estuaries were costing Network Rail around £500,000 per year to maintain. In 1936 the Great Western Railway surveyed an inland deviation between Exminster and Bishopsteignton and a shorter route starting near Dawlish Warren, but the advent of World War 2 brought these projects to an end.Mitchell and Smith 2000, "Diversions" p.
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The bay is remote and has no established access. It is best viewed from Dunnose which can be accessed by scrambling over The Landslip, which is close to the Isle of Wight Coastal Path in the woods to the east of Upper Bonchurch. The bay has a large intertidal reef with outlying rocks, which can be a danger for marine traffic. Situated beneath Bonchurch Landslips, part of the wider Undercliff landslide complex, the cliffs are highly unstable and prone to landsliding.
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Rising River Severn at Ironbridge, Shropshire, 28 June.Bridge collapse in Ludlow, 26 June By 19 June, rain had washed away the main road at Hampton Loade and the Severn Valley Railway line from Bridgnorth was closed after numerous landslips on the line. Also, on 19 June/20 June, parts of the town of Shifnal near Telford, were flooded when the Wesley Brook burst its banks. Some of the residents blame Severn Trent Water for opening floodgates at Priors Lee balancing lake, however no such gates exist.
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Hayne et al. describe landslips associated with landsliding at Corinda as being the result of "excessive clearing and excessive pore pressure following heaving rain", with the rain being the heavy rain associated with the rainfall event of 25–28 January 1974, when Tropical Cyclone Wanda dropped 1,000 mm of rain.Hayne, M.; Michael-Leiba, M.; Gordon, D.; Lacey, R.; and Granger, K. (2000) Chapter 7: Landslide Risks. In: K. Granger and M. Hayne (eds.) Natural Hazards and the Risks They Pose to South-East Queensland.
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In common with neighbouring hills, Twmpa is composed of alternate layers of sandstone and mudstone dating from the Devonian period and ascribed to the Lower Old Red Sandstone. Its lower slopes are formed from the mudstone-dominated St Maughans Formation whilst the upper part of the hill is composed of sandstone-dominated Senni Formation rocks. At the junction between the two is a prominent calcrete known as the Ffynnon Limestone. Numerous landslips have occurred within the St Maughans Formation around the flanks of the hill.
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Bonchurch is a small village to the east of Ventnor, now largely connected to the latter by suburban development, on the southern part of the Isle of Wight, England. One of the oldest settlements on the Isle of Wight, it is situated on The Undercliff adjacent to the Bonchurch Landslips (or "The Landslip") Site of Special Scientific Interest. The main village is backed by a cliff to the north, with the Upper Bonchurch section on the clifftop halfway up St Boniface Down on the main A3055 road.
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A handful of faults are mapped on the same alignment, the two most significant ones stretching SE from Bay of Laig. A band of microsyenite stretches around the hillside southeast of the Sgurr. Isolated pockets of peat of postglacial origin are to be found behind Bay of Laig whilst to its north are areas of hummocky moraine. Landslips occupy the whole coastal strip in the northeast of the island and the embayment behind Bay of Laig and effectively mask much of the outcrop of the Mesozoic sediments.
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Landslip, east of Lyme Regis To the south-west are Poker's Pool, Seven Rock Point and Pinhay Bay and to the north-east is Charmouth. The coast is subject to large landslips that expose the Jurassic-age fossils which can be found on the beaches. "The Dowlands Landslip" occurred on 24 December 1839, west along the coast in Devon, in an area belonging to Bindon Manor. About of wheat and turnip fields were dislodged when a great chasm more than across, deep and long was formed.
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Cullingworth Viaduct Work on the £282,000 Thornton to Keighley section was proving exceptionally difficult and progress was slow. The most serious problems were encountered on the stretch between Denholme and Wilsden where repeated landslips frustrated progress with construction. The intention had been for the line to pass through a series of cuttings, but the persistence of these earth slips forced the GNR to substitute two short tunnels. Goods trains began running from Thornton to Denholme on a single track alignment from 1 September 1882, or 3 September.
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This was necessary due to the precarious nature of the access road which is liable to frequent rock falls and landslips. Vehicular access is now very difficult and the gates tend to remain locked. The large concrete structures immediately to the south of the lighthouse provided the keepers with fresh water. In its 2010 Aids to Navigation Review, Trinity House proposed to discontinue the Hartland Point Lighthouse Station on the grounds that Global Positioning Systems are superseding lighthouses as the most important navigation aids.
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Work started on building a reservoir in 1904 at Gollinglith Foot, but had to be abandoned in 1906 due to landslips. In 2016, a £20,000 project to remove a weir at Breary Banks on the river was completed. It was reported in 2017 that salmon had managed to negotiate this part of the river and spawn there for the first time in over 100 years. The project was part financed by ABP as part of the wider Green Port Hull Project which was initiated to aid migratory fish through the Humber Basin.
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This has been attributed to lithological variations of the Ashdown Beds and also to the effects of wave action at the base of the cliffs. At high tide, waves cut into the lowermost, argillaceous part of the cliffs and undercut the overlying sandstones and siltstones resulting in toppling and rock falls. Where sandstones are interbedded with silts and clays, this may result in single and multiple rotational type landslides as well as block slides and mud flows. In theory, the remains of previous landslips should then protect the toe of the cliff from further weathering.
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The history of St. George's Church began in August 1753. A committee of Portlanders was formed to decide whether to put further finances into the dilapidated St. Andrew's Church or to erect a new church at a more accessible position. St. Andrew's suffered from an unstable site and was prone to landslips (notably those on the east side of Portland in 1665 and 1734). Within two months a decision was made, with a survey of the old church finding that repairs would be at least half the cost of a new building.
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The Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre is an independent educational charity situated near the beach in Charmouth; it provides information and displays on the geology of the area and the wildlife, including a large collection of fossils and a rockpool aquarium. Family fossil-hunting trips are organised from here as well as other events and activities related to the geology and natural history of the area. The entire length of the coast can be walked on the South West Coast Path. Landslips and rockfalls are a continuing feature of the evolution of this coast.
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The Manchester Corporation Waterworks Act 1847 gave permission for the construction of the Woodhead and Arnfield reservoirs; the Manchester Corporation Waterworks Act 1848 allowed the construction of Torside and Rhodeswood Reservoir, and an aqueduct to convey the water to the Arnfield reservoir where it would pass through the Mottram Tunnel to Godley. During construction, landslips were a problem. On the night of 6 February 1852, of land beneath the contractors' village of New Yarmouth moved obliquely to the watercourse. Bateman consulted the engineers Robert Stephenson and Isambard Kingdom Brunel.
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The distinctive shape of this Old Red Sandstone hill comprises a long ridge oriented roughly north- west/south-east. The upper slopes of the hill are composed of Devonian period sandstones, assigned to the Senni Formation.British Geological Survey 2004 Talgarth England and Wales, Sheet 214, Solid and drift geology. 1:50,000 (Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey) They overlie weaker mudstones of the St Maughans Formation - a situation which has contributed to the instability of the hill's steep flanks, resulting in small landslips at various points on the ridge.
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Karadash (), is located 2 km west of Kessab at a height of 990 meters above sea level, on the way to the valley of Karadouran. Karadash remained abandoned until 1942, when the many residents from the nearby village of Karadouran moved to the area of current-day Karadash, escaping huge landslips. Starting from the 1990s, many more families from Kessab and Karadouran have moved to Karadash. At the beginning of the 21st century, Armenians from Aleppo have built many villas and compounds in the village transferring it into a summer resort.
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Blackgang Chine circa 1910 Sited below the village of Blackgang at the western end of the Undercliff, Blackgang Chine was, historically, a spectacular ravine (in 1800 a "steep gaunt ravine" descending 500 feet over about three-quarters of a mile). The location is based on unstable terrain owing to the underlying Gault Clay strata, resulting in a succession of huge landslips giving the area a very rugged appearance akin to the better known Jurassic Coast.World Heritage / Geopark Study , Isle of Wight Centre for the Coastal Environment, www.coastalwight.gov.uk (retrieved 3 July 2008).
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From Shanklin the path passes the Fisherman's Cottage pub on the beach at the foot of Shanklin Chine, before climbing Appley Steps up the side of the cliff and then through the edge of Shanklin. It continues uphill on a minor road, passing Luccombe village, where there are magnificent views across Sandown Bay. It then follows paths and steps through the woods of the Bonchurch Landslips (where a side path ascends to the Devil's Chimney) before reaching the sea again at Horseshore Bay. It then follows the sea wall for two miles until reaching Ventnor.
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Golden Cap across Lyme Bay from the Undercliff (Lyme Regis)The Undercliff in Dorset-East Devon stretches the between Lyme Regis, near to the Cobb harbour, and Seaton. Like its namesake on the Isle of Wight, this feature also arose as a result of landslips and has become a rare and unusual habitat for plants and birds. It is a national nature reserve – the Axmouth to Lyme Regis Undercliffs NNR – and the South West Coast Path runs through it. The footpath stretches for 7 – and is not accessible except at each end.
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60&61) The water that sits between these two beds is responsible for the many landslips which have occurred throughout the county's history. Around Compton Valence, it lies on the Fuller's earth whereas between Ringstead and White Nothe, it covers the Kimmeridge Clay and the Portland and Purbeck stratas.Ensom (pp.60–61) Because geologists are certain all the formations from the Lias to the Kimmeridge Clay were deposited over the whole of the county, the Gault clay reveals the scale of uplift and erosion which must have taken place before Dorset was flooded.
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The sand and clay of The Downs are subject to landslips. The Plenty Brook now passes through the town's drainage system, allowing buildings to be built over the top. The brook has been prone to flooding during heavy rain, especially in inland areas, which regularly causes problems for people living in the Eddington area in southern Herne Bay. Stormy weather can cause the sea level by the coast to rise by up to two metres. In the past, this has caused disastrous flooding in the town, the worst in the town's history being in 1953.
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Hope has a railway station on the Sheffield to Manchester (Hope Valley) line with services provided by the rail company Northern (in 2017). A main road, the old A625 followed the route of the Sheffield & Chapel-en-le-Frith Turnpike Company's road of 1802 through the village and then over Little Mam Tor. The old truncated section of the A625 to Castleton has been re-designated as the A6187 after the Mam Tor section of the road was closed to all traffic in 1979 following one of many landslips.
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Ventnor seen from the downs, 2017 There are nearby Sites of Special Scientific Interest at Ventnor Downs, St Lawrence Bank, Rew Down, and the Bonchurch Landslips, as well as the coast west of the town that forms part of the island's largest SSSI between Steephill Cove and Compton Chine. The downs are part of the Isle of Wight Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Ventnor beach is one of the island's principal if smaller beaches; there are also small beaches at Bonchurch and Steephill. The Isle of Wight Coastal Path runs through Ventnor.
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Phosgenite and Matlockite in Derbyshire (Part 1), T. Bridges, M.E. Smith, Journal of the Russell Society Volume 1, No. 2, p7-14, 1983 Retrieved on 11 December 2015 The route of the River Derwent downstream (south) of Matlock is especially interesting to geologists in that it appears to have cut its way through a limestone gorge below High Tor (120m above river level), rather than follow the "simpler" way to the east. It is thought that landslips and/or glaciation may have had an influence over how the present route of the river was established.
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Codd, J.W. (2007) Analysis of the distribution and characteristics of landslips in the Weald of East Sussex. MSc dissertation, University of Brighton. Landslides are occasional, rapid movements of a mass of earth or rock sliding along a steep slope. They tend to occur after sustained heavy rain, when the water saturates overlying rock, making it heavy and liable to slide, others occur via soil creep is a very slow movement, occurring on very gentle slopes because of the way soil particles repeatedly expand and contract in wet and dry periods.
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In 1545, a French invasion force attempted this against a force of the Isle of Wight Militia commanded by Sir John Fyssher – which allegedly included several women archers- and were routed. In 1940, the radar station was bombed by Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers, which is reconstructed in the film "The Battle of Britain". The top is surmounted by a round barrow. At the eastern foot of the down, on the A3055 road between Bonchurch and Luccombe, a path descends into Bonchurch Landslips via a scenic rock cleft, the Devil's Chimney.
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The older parts of the succession, in the northwest, were folded and faulted during the Caledonian orogeny. Further faulting and folding, particularly in the south of the park is associated with the Variscan orogeny. The area was subject to glaciation during the Quaternary ice ages and periglacial processes and landslips have contributed further to the character of the modern landscape. Quarrying for limestone and sandstone were significant extractive industries in the past whilst tourism based in large part upon the perceived quality of the area's landscape is important for the modern economy.
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Po Shan Road in the Mid-Levels was the site of the largest major landslide to occur in June 1972. The area in general had long been susceptible to landslips and rockfall since it was developed; several other major landslides had occurred at or near Po Shan Road before 1972. These included a large landslip in 1925, which caused many deaths, as well as large but relatively undamaging landslides in 1941, 1950 and 1966. Most of these had been caused by heavy rainstorms, in a similar manner to the 1972 landslides.
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4–5 August saw localised flooding across the UK in Devon, Tyne and Wear, West Yorkshire and Southern Scotland from torrential rains, in places exceeding 30 mm over a short time. This storm crossed the North Sea and was designated as extreme weather event "Frida" by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Rainfall totals up to 100 mm in 24 hours across southern Norway and parts of Denmark resulted in flooding and landslips. Towards the end of the month more flash floods were reported in Cumbria, leading to landslides and a derailed train.
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However the island was difficult to access (four men died during tower construction when their boat capsized) and proved to be susceptible to earthquakes and subsequent landslips. In 1920 a decision was made to relocate the light to the mainland and in April 1922, the light was extinguished and then relit at its current location in December of that year. Originally manned by three lighthouse keepers, the light's staffing was progressively reduced until it was fully automated in 1985. It is now controlled from the Maritime New Zealand headquarters in Wellington.
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Wales is not a particularly seismically active country, nevertheless earthquakes of lesser magnitude occur from time to time. Ground stability is more of an issue due both to natural causes and, in former areas of coal and other mineral exploitation, due to mining, surface excavation and spoil deposition. Deep- mining of coal in particular has led to reactivation of pre-existing landslips, notably in the steeply-sided valleys of the South Wales Coalfield. Inappropriate placing of spoil material on such slopes has both overloaded them and disturbed drainage patterns with occasional catastrophic effect as in the Aberfan Disaster of 1966.
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The church is difficult to date but the North- West window in the nave is the oldest feature, from the 12th century. The underlying geology is of Old Red Sandstone overlying marl, and processes of slippage and subsidence over the centuries have caused the tower and chancel to move in opposite directions, twisting the entire structure. The initial landslips must have occurred soon after the original construction as the medieval fabric of the church shows evidence of repairs and rebuilding in attempts to address the instability of the site. The tower is medieval but cannot be dated with certainty.
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In 1866, after much local pressure and because many lives were lost at sea nearby, the decision was made to build a lifeboat station at Chapman's Pool. The station was built and completed during 1867. The lifeboat George Scott was placed at Chapman's Pool in November 1866 but the station soon closed again in 1880 owing to the great expense involved in up keeping the boathouse, the landslips that constantly swept down upon it and, lacking a village nearby, the dearth of local volunteers to serve on the lifeboat. The building still stands and is used as a fishing hut.
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Map of the South West Coast Path South West Coast Path, stone sign near Studland The route is described here anticlockwise, from Minehead to Poole. The distance and total ascent between any two points, in either direction, can be obtained from The South West Coast Path Association Distance Reckoner. A survey carried out in 1999 and 2000 found that at that time the path had 2,473 signposts or waymarks, and included 302 bridges, 921 stiles, and 26,719 steps. In practice, any such calculation is soon out of date because of path diversions due to landslips or access changes.
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Due to the Second World War Muir Wood joined the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) as a commissioned officer on 5 October 1942. He reached the rank of Probationary Temporary Sub-Lieutenant (Engineers) in the RNVR before transferring as Temporary Sub-Lieutenant (Engineers) to the Royal Navy on 5 June 1944. Muir Wood was promoted to Temporary Lieutenant (Engineers) on 1 August 1945, with seniority of 5 April 1945. After leaving the navy in 1946 Muir Wood worked for the Southern Railway where he helped to design bridges and the remediation of landslips at Folkestone Warren, Kent.
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REA Group Ltd. Retrieved 19 August 2015 Due to fluvial processes on its levels of clay and sand and with ongoing property development, landslips on Olivers Hill are historically common. The first recorded landslip was in 1854 with at least one occurring again every decade up to the present day. A landslip once occurred in the 1960s during a live radio show hosted by media personality Graham Kennedy from his house on Olivers Hill, where he and his co-host Mike Walsh described how his driveway was "slipping down the slope", as they spoke on air.
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In July 2019, parts of the Yorkshire Dales, in North Yorkshire, England, were subjected to above average rainfall for the time of year. The flash-flooding that followed affected many communities destroying bridges, sweeping roads away, causing landslips on railway lines and resulting in at least one public event being cancelled. The flooding even inundated the fire station in the town of Leyburn, in Wensleydale, whilst the crew were out helping those in need. The recovery took many weeks and months, with immediate help by the rescue services being bolstered by British Army personnel who assisted with the clean up.
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Though rare, the North Sea has been the site of a number of historically documented tsunamis. The Storegga Slides were a series of underwater landslides, in which a piece of the Norwegian continental shelf slid into the Norwegian Sea. The immense landslips occurred between 8150 BCE and 6000 BCE, and caused a tsunami up to high that swept through the North Sea, having the greatest effect on Scotland and the Faeroe Islands. The Dover Straits earthquake of 1580 is among the first recorded earthquakes in the North Sea measuring between 5.6 and 5.9 on the Richter scale.
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Knipe Point (or Osgodby Point) is a rocky headland on the North Sea coast, between Cornelian Bay and Cayton Bay in North Yorkshire, England. From this point, and running south, is the steeply sloping clay-till cliff on top of which stood the NALGO holiday camp between 1933 and 1974; this is where Knipe Point Drive was later built. The Cayton Cliff is subject to continuing surface landslips, potentially major at times, such as the one of 2008, known as the Knipe Point Landslide, which received national media attention due to the loss of three homes.
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Decline looked inevitable, until during World War II a Ministry of Food buffer depot was established at Lauder. The depot contained emergency basic food staples - chiefly flour - to be distributed to the civilian population in the event of non-availability of food in an emergency. The poor road network in the area ensured that the supplies were brought to Lauder by rail, and this continued in later years. In August 1948 there were extreme rainfall conditions in this area of Scotland; there was torrential rain, climaxing on 12 August 1948, and there were serious landslips near the Gala Water bridge.
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Luccombe Chine from the beach, 2008 Luccombe Chine is a geological feature and visitor attraction south of the village of Luccombe on the Isle of Wight, England. A wooded coastal ravine, one of a number of such chines on the island created by stream erosion of soft Cretaceous rocks, it leads from the clifftop to Luccombe Bay. The chine in 2017; the steps have been lost to landslips and erosion The Chine is at the eastern end of the Isle of Wight Undercliff landslip. A small fishing community existed at the foot of the Chine until 1910, when the settlement was destroyed by a landslip.
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The remaining portion includes the park's original 19-metre-long skeleton of a fin whale, and a simulator designed to mimic the experience of the landslips which occurred at Blackgang. In 2011, a 'Fairy Land' section was developed adjacent to the Fairy Castle. The following year, the pirate ship play area was redesigned as 'Pirate Cove', with two new pirate ships, and surrounded by other smaller themed buildings, a pirate shooting gallery, and 'The Sailors Return' (now 'The Vortex'), in which visitors walk through a spinning tunnel of lights designed to disorientate. 'Restricted Area 5' opened in 2014; a modernisation of the park's previous 'Dinosaurland'.
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New Zealand Railways Geographical Mileage Table, 1957 Once past this point the line required large river bridging works, four tunnels, heavy earthworks and the construction of two large viaducts 18 and 30 metres high. Much of the line was built on steep grades of up to 1 in 30, and many tight curves were required. Despite all earthworks being carried out by pick and shovel, and although hindered at times by floods, washouts and landslips and (in the later stages) a wartime shortage of materials progress continued at a slow but steady pace, and the line was opened to Moutohora at 78.5 km by 26 November 1917.
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The Undercliff is accessed by the A3055 road running its length from Niton to Bonchurch. West of Ventnor, the Southern Vectis 3 bus follows the section called Undercliff Drive as far as St Lawrence; the Southern Vectis 6 runs north-east from Ventnor to Bonchurch and beyond. The road's low-level continuation between Niton and Blackgang was broken by landslips in the 20th century. The road between St Lawrence and Niton collapsed in two places at the westerly edge of St Lawrence on 17 February 2014 as a result of land movement following a period of prolonged rainfall amidst ongoing engineering works to stabilize the A3055 and prolong its use.
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A few steep roads (probably ancient routes, locally termed "shutes") connect the clifftop to the lower Undercliff level: Niton Shute, St Lawrence Shute, and Bonchurch Shute. The Undercliff was formerly served by railway stations at Ventnor (Ventnor railway station and Ventnor West) and St Lawrence. The area can be visited on foot by the Ventnor- Blackgang section of the Isle of Wight Coastal Path, and there are a number of scenic walks along and below the cliffs backing the Undercliff. These include Gore Cliff east of Niton, the 'Cripple Path' and 'St Rhadegund's Path' that climb the inner cliff at Niton and St Lawrence, the Devil's Chimney, and the Bonchurch Landslips.
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In the late 1850s the Whitby Iron Company was formed and began extraction of iron stone around Beckhole; two blast furnaces were built which began production of iron in 1860. At around the same time a row of 33 cottages was built for industrial workers, and the Birch Hall Inn was expanded and gained a licence. The operation was unsuccessful, and short- lived, hampered by a fault in one of the furnaces, and landslips at a mine. The blast furnaces ceased operation in 1864, and the works were put up for sale in 1876, and were sold in 1888, being demolished in the following years.
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Inside the "chimney" The Devil's Chimney is a scenic rock cleft with steps descending into the Bonchurch Landslips between Bonchurch and Luccombe, Isle of Wight. Its upper end is at the Smuggler's Haven Tearooms on St Boniface Down,Andrews, R. The Rough Guide to England, Rough Guides UK, 2011. at the southern end of clifftop parkland accessed from the Leeson Road car park on the A3055 road, where there is a Southern Vectis bus route 3 stop. One of several such paths connecting the clifftop to the Isle of Wight Undercliff, the Devil's Chimney follows a joint through the Upper Greensand crags capping the cliffs above the Landslip.
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The area was subject to repeated glaciation during the Quaternary period. Glacial till covers large parts of the landscape whilst recessional moraines occur within the major valleys of the Geopark and late-glacial moraines form striking features beneath the main north and north- east facing scarps of the mountains. Both moraines and glacial lakes are visible at the foot of the spectacular north face of the Black Mountain (range), especially Llyn y Fan Fach and Llyn y Fan Fawr below the summits of Picws Du and Fan Foel. Numerous landslips have occurred in the post-glacial period in both bedrock and superficial deposits, though these are no longer active.
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Landslips on The Isle of Wight The ground is notoriously unstable, and there are indications that the area is becoming less stable as the support provided by the lower slopes is slowly eroded.West & South Isle of Wight , Standing Conference on Problems Associated with the Coastline.Luccombe - Blackgang Isle of Wight (United Kingdom), Robin G. McGiness, Isle of Wight Centre for Coastal Environment The Shoreline Management Plan aims to protect the shoreline from erosion that would otherwise reactivate relic landslides along the Undercliff. The council believes that cliff protection works at Wheelers and Monks Bays "appear to have significantly reduced the occurrences of landslide re-activations".
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New Zealand's Earthquake Commission (EQC) is a Government-owned Crown entity which provides primary natural disaster insurance to the owners of residential properties in New Zealand. In addition to its insurance role, EQC also undertakes research and provides training and information on disaster recovery. EQC was established in 1945 as the Earthquake and War Damage Commission, as part of the New Zealand Government, and was originally intended to provide coverage for earthquakes as well as war damage. Coverage was eventually extended from solely earthquake and war damage to include other natural disasters such as natural landslips, volcanic eruptions, hydrothermal activity, and tsunamis, with coverage for war damage later being removed.
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There are three landslips on the north- facing river cliff of the Blackwater at Maldon. The middle slip is called the West Maldon Landslip, which was caused by repeated rotational slips of the bedrock London Clay,(Bristow 1985, Hutchinson 1965) which is trying to reach a stable angle. Hythe Quay at the confluence of the Chelmer and Blackwater, which flanks the northern edge of the town, was an important port, and Cooks Yard remains significant for Thames barges. The River Blackwater, that was diverted into the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation, re-emerges into the Blackwater Estuary, through locks at the Heybridge Basin, the stream bed passes down Heybridge Creek.
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6–10 March 1988: New Zealand is hit by a tropical cyclone once every eight to nine years. Cyclone Bola was one of the costliest cyclones in the history of New Zealand, causing severe damage as an extratropical cyclone when it passed near the country. 4 October 1997: More than 60 homes were flooded and residents in Lower Hutt riverside areas were evacuated during downpours. Two people died, and isolated landslips closed some Wellington roads and parts of State Highway 1. 26 June 1998: A severe thunderstorm affected Karori and Kelburn, with rain breaking all previous records and falling at a rate with a return period of well over 200 years.
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One result of the over-steepening of valley sides by glacial action is the suite of landslips affecting the range, notably in the Vale of Ewyas. The most impressive of all is that at Darren and Cwmyoy. Another impressive set of landslip forms can be seen at Black Darren and Red Darren ('Darren' signifies 'edge' in Welsh) on the eastern side of the Hatterrall ridge west of Longtown. Another, at the northern end of the Skirrid just to the east of Abergavenny, is perhaps most commonly seen, and the section of the mountain shows the landslip prominently when seen from the north, but is also visible from the south such is the scale of the feature.
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The central portion of the village was constructed on a particularly unstable part of the Ironbridge Gorge, where several landslips have been recorded, most famously the landslip of 1952. The hillside is made more unstable by abandoned, flooded mineshafts and tunnels. A major stabilisation project, which included the rebuilding of Salthouse Road on a new alignment, began in 2014Telford and Wrekin Borough Council Jackfield stabilisation project and was completed in October 2016.Telford and Wrekin Council Flooding also badly affects the lower parts of Jackfield from time-to-time, including the Boat House pub which has floods recorded on its front door (the highest recorded at the pub being on 1 November 2000).
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Warren Halt was reopened 22 years later by the South Eastern and Chatham Railway and remained open until the evening of 19 December 1915 when a large landslip resulted in the entire undercliff supporting the Main Line moving towards the sea causing approximately 1.5 million cubic metres of chalk to slip or fall burying Warren Halt. The railway watchman was able to stop the 6.10pm Ashford to Dover service as it emerged from Martello Tunnel, hauled by D class, no. 493. The station as well as the affected section of the South Eastern Main Line remained closed until 1919.GeologyShop, "Folkestone & Hythe Landslips; the Warren, Copt Point, Castle Hill and the relict seacliffs between Hythe and Lympne".
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On the evening of 5 July 1923, the Auckland to Wellington express was timetabled to leave Auckland at 7.10 pm but was held for more than four hours. One report said that authorities were forced to await news on rain swollen areas of the Waikato through which the express would pass, and the decision to go was not made until 10 pm. It also said that the earlier northbound express on the same route had been delayed due to landslips, and cleaning of the carriages had been necessary before it could return to Wellington as the ill-fated southbound express. The express eventually left Auckland at 11.25 pm with about 200 passengers aboard.
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An ambulance motorcycle of AMS The Hong Kong Government decided to form the Auxiliary Medical Service in order to create a force that could assist the regular medical services during emergencies. The establishment of the AMS was announced in the government gazette on 22 December 1950. In early 1951 the AMS made a call for volunteers, including ordinary people who could be trained as auxiliary nurses, ambulance drivers, and other roles. As the population of Hong Kong swelled with refugees from China in the post-Chinese Communist Revolution years, many lived in substandard housing areas susceptible to fires, landslips, storms, and other disasters, for which the AMS played a role in delivering emergency medical treatment.
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Multiple landslips occurred in Swanage Dorset, which were caught on camera by the local coastguard, who produced a map of slips and beach closures in the area. Temporary water-filled dams were deployed in the United Kingdom for the first time to protect the mainline railway at Cowley Bridge Junction, next to the River Exe, some trackbed beyond the dams was washed away on 22 December, putting the line out of action until it was reopened on 28 December. The village of Stoke Canon just upstream saw several homes evacuated. Network Rail advised passengers not to travel west of Taunton, later Tiverton, with both First Great Western and Arriva Trains Wales urging passengers not to travel.
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Osmia xanthomelana was known from around 28 scattered sites in Great Britain as far north as Tyneside but it was thought to have been reduced to a single site on the Isle of Wight by the 1990s, from which no bees have been recorded since the 1990s. However, two sites were discovered on the Llŷn Peninsula in Wales in 1998 and 1999. It is thought that individual sites can be lost due to erosion and sudden landslips and this is what destroyed the Isle of Wight site. The forage plant of O. xanthomelana, bird's-foot trefoil, is sensitive to over or under grazing and these can result in the loss of the plants during the colony cycle of the bee.
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Other projects included Waterloo Bridge, the Muirhead dam near Largs in Scotland, Gosport Dockyard and the Eau Brink Cut channel of the River Great Ouse near King's Lynn. In 1945, Skempton was seconded from BRS to establish a soil mechanics course at Imperial College (recruiting Alan W. Bishop as his first member of staff), becoming a full-time lecturer there in 1946, and introducing, in 1950, the first postgraduate course in soil mechanics. In 1955, he was elevated to the chair of soil mechanics, and from 1957 to 1976 was head of department and professor of civil engineering. He made great contributions in the field of quaternary geology and was widely consulted on problems involving landslips, foundations, retaining walls and embankments.
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Pencil sketches of Bratton Camp, from The Ancient History of Wiltshire by Sir Richard Colt Hoare The short west side and the long north side occupy the crest of steep escarpment slopes and the ditches are stepped one above the other, the rampart slopes rising and above the base of the ditches. The defences here span a total width of . The south side of the hill fort and the southern half of the east side cross Bratton Down and here the twin ramparts are of roughly equal height and in width. The northern half of the east side crosses the head of a re-entrant valley where the outer rampart and ditch have been largely destroyed by quarrying or landslips and the construction of a farm track.
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The many well crafted Roman sarcophagi (stone coffins and matching lids, hewn from single large blocks of Portland stone) that have been unearthed locally over the years, testify to the skill of their makers. The earliest known building to be constructed using Portland stone is Rufus Castle at Church Ope Cove, Portland. The original structure was probably built around 1080, rebuilt around 1259 and rebuilt yet again around 1450, which is the likely date of the walls seen today. The first known Portland stone quarries were situated on the northeastern coast of the Isle, close to Rufus Castle, where huge landslips made the stone more easily accessible, and the proximity of the sea allowed the quarried stone blocks to be moved over relatively large distances by barge.
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Threlkeld Quarry and Mining Museum retrieved 14 June 2014 Mineral veins have been formed in many Lake District rocks by hydrothermal circulation of groundwater though geological faults and are often associated with the granite batholith. Veins containing lead and copper ores were found on Wanthwaite Crag where there are several old mineral workings, some very old. The most recent lease was taken out in 1887 by the short-lived and unsuccessful Wanthwaite Crag Mining Company. The lower promontory of Threlkeld Knotts north of Clough Head is scarred and flanked by 'rock slope failure' fractures and landslips, and views from the A66 and Blencathra could suggest that the whole mass of the Knotts has descended from the concavity in the north face, which is not a true glacial cirque (Lakeland combe), but this remains debatable.
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Translational landslip at the boundary of the Wadhurst Clay and Tunbridge Wells Sand near Etchingham Landslips often occur at or close to the lower boundary of the Tunbridge Wells Sands, between it and the underlying Wadhurst Clay Formation. This is partly caused by the steep sided hill, valley and ravine topography of the High Weald and partly by the lithological variation between the formations and the presence of spring lines and seepages. When percolating groundwater in the permeable sandstones of the Tunbridge Wells Sands comes into contact with the upper impermeable clay beds of the Wadhurst Clay, it is forced to find alternative migration pathways to the surface. This results in the saturation and weakening of the upper portion of the Wadhurst Clay, increasing the chances of failure.
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Military road leading to Rest and be Thankful The A83 trunk road crosses the northern end of the peninsular passing Arrochar at the head of Loch Long and Cairndow near the head of Loch Fyne. It partly follows or runs parallel to William Caulfield's historic military road that takes its name, Rest and Be Thankful from the stone seat erected at the summit at the head of Glen Croe. As the A83 has been subject to landslips, the old route has been used as a diversionary route. The other A roads are the A815 which links the A83 with Dunoon via Strachur where the A886 leaves it and heads south via Glendaruel to Colintraive where the ferry connects it to the Isle of Bute and the A8003 which links Tighnabruaich to the A886.
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Alexandris, Argyris & Psycharis, Ioannis & Protopapa, Eleni. (2014). THE COLLAPSE OF THE ANCIENT TEMPLE OF ZEUS AT OLYMPIA Abel Blouet, 1829) The site of the ancient sanctuary of Olympia, long forgotten under landslips and flood siltation, was identified in 1766 by the English antiquarian Richard Chandler. In May 1829, the French team of archaeologists of the "Scientific Expedition of Morea" (under the direction of Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois and Abel Blouet) identified with certainty and partially excavated the Temple of Zeus for the first time,Guillaume-Abel Blouet, Expedition scientifique de Morée ordonnée par le Gouvernement Français; Architecture, Sculptures, Inscriptions et Vues du Péloponèse, des Cyclades et de l'Attique (Volume I, 1831) Abel Blouet, Amable Ravoisié, Achille Poirot, Félix Trézel et Frédéric de Gournay, Firmin Didot, Paris.Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval, Souvenirs (1829-1830), Librairie Plon, E. Plon, Nourrit et Cie, imprimeurs-éditeurs, Paris, 1885.
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Running parallel to the open sea at the base of cliffs for four miles, the sea wall has always been prone to damage during rough weather. In December 1852 a large landslip from the cliffs east of Teignmouth caused the railway to close for four days, and in 1855 and 1859 the sea broke through the line at Teignmouth. There have been many more closures since, caused by landslips from the cliffs and by breaches by the sea, especially in winter. In 1929, the wall between Dawlish and Dawlish Warren was damaged by a storm on Christmas Eve, and there was partial subsidence of the down line. Repairing the breach in the sea wall at Dawlish, February 2014 In 1936 the GWR surveyed an inland deviation termed the Dawlish Avoiding Line, initially in 1936 proposed progressing inland between Exminster and Bishopsteignton, and a 1937 shorter route ending west of Dawlish.
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The first proposal had been to extend the length of the climb, and thus reduce the gradient, by bypassing the town of Field at a higher level, on the south side of the Kicking Horse river valley. This idea had quickly been abandoned because of the severe risk of avalanches and landslips on the valley side. Also under consideration was the extension of the route in a horseshoe loop northwards, using both sides of the valley of the Yoho River to increase the distance, but again the valley sides were found to be prone to avalanches. It was the experience of severe disruption and delay caused by avalanches on other parts of the line (such as at the Rogers Pass station, which was destroyed by an avalanche in 1899) that persuaded Schwitzer that digging spiral tunnels was the only practical but expensive way forward.
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The heavy construction work took place in difficult weather - three frightful winters and two wet summers - in desolate country miles from public roads, which required teams of horses to bring materials across the moors and hillsides to the remote work sites. Life on the moorland was hard for the railway navvies and it was difficult to hire and keep men in the very wet conditions which at times prevented any progress. When the NBR's directors toured the Hawick-Hermitage section in January 1862, a number of defects were found, including a collapsed wall at the north end of Teviot viaduct due to shoddy specifications, a succession of landslips which required the directors to proceed in a ballast wagon, and a stark lack of progress at Stobs. On two of the construction contracts, the NBR's chief engineer had to take over from the contractors, whose equipment was sequestrated and sold.
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The land on which the Dean Gardens presently stand were used as a grazing ground for sheep until their purchase as part of 140 acres bought by Colonel Alexander Learmonth, the son of the Provost of Edinburgh, John Learmonth, in the middle of the 19th century. Learmouth intended to continue the property development schemes that had seen him construct the terraced housing developments that make up the present Eton Terrace, Oxford Terrace, Belgrave Crescent and Lennox Street. Concerned by the encroaching developments and potential landslips, local residents persuaded Learmonth to grant them a 12-year lease on the site and quickly set to raising the necessary funds for its purchase. Learmonth retained the right to dispose of rubble on the site. £5 was charged to each household and the site of the gardens was eventually bought for £2,500 several years after having opened in 1867.
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Paliki sits on the edge of the European continental shelf, which is being pushed continuously from the southwest by the African plate, in a plate tectonics shift which causes constant earthquakes: the Ionian islands were devastated by one such earthquake as recently as 1953, and there have been many before that. Observation of many geologic clues in the region shows that uplift — the result of earthquakes — has in fact occurred. The insufficiency of the uplift to account for the altitude of some of the terrain now at the channel site is explained by high volume landslips similar to those that impacted northern Pakistan in 2005: earth and rocks and whole sections of the mountainside itself falling from the high Kefalonia mountains which line the eastern edge of the isthmus, down onto what once had been "Strabo's channel". Findings of ancient Greek structures now buried beneath this erosion provided part of the confirmation for the proposal, which now is to be subjected to a battery of geological tests.
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Sinkholes and landslides were reported across the affected areas, with electricity supplies also being disrupted. On 10 March, ExxonMobil officials announced that the Hides facility will not be operational for at least 8 weeks, a significant economic loss for the country. Papua New Guinea's... largest oil and gas exploration and development company Oil Search also announced it would shut down production in the Southern Highlands until it could ensure the safety of its employees. The Porgera Gold Mine suffered damage to its gas and electricity infrastructure, while landslips blocked the access road to the Ok Tedi Mine and damaged parts of the highway between Tabubil and Kiunga in the Western Province. A week after the quake, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement officials estimated that at least 7,000 people had their homes destroyed or damaged, and 150,000 people were in urgent need of emergency supplies, with food and clean water among the biggest concerns.
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