About a third are landless, with millions classified as semi-landless because their holdings are so small, rights group ActionAid Nepal says.
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It is estimated at least half its rural households are landless.
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My parents were landless farmers and they transported potatoes for money.
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That has meant the poorest, landless South Africans continue to suffer.
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The ANC promised that it would secure tenure for the landless.
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Millions of lower-caste Dalit laborers and tenant farmers remain landless.
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Some states have programs to give land to the landless poor.
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Landless farmers have few options to feed themselves other than clearing territory.
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There are more landless people now and many are struggling to survive.
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The poor and landless felt he had done little to redistribute resources.
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More than half of India's lower-caste population is landless, official data show.
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Across India, about 56 percent of rural households are landless, according to government data.
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Protesting Mr. da Silva's arrest, the Landless Workers' Movement blocked roads in 11 states.
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In Uttar Pradesh's Jaunpur district, landless Dalits bear the brunt of this ancient caste discrimination.
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Most participants were from leftist parties or from movements such as the landless rural workers.
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Estina refers to a government project set up in 2013 to help landless black farmers.
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There are an estimated 5 million landless families in Brazil, a 2016 Canadian study said.
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The son of landless farmers, Mr. Mariano had spent three decades campaigning for land distribution.
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Dalit leaders have also been demanding an end to "dirty" jobs and land for landless labourers.
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CSRC and others have been organizing landless tenant farmers into community groups and helping with documentation.
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The conditions fuel inequality, social exclusion and conflict between landless communities and government authorities, experts say.
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There are an estimated 5 million landless families in Brazil, according to a 2016 Canadian study.
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Redistribution of land from big estates to landless peasants should provide a way out of this penury.
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Vega is also a friend of Afranio Solano and of the landless peasants claiming the California field.
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He added there'd be an emphasis on generating productive and gainful employment for farmers and landless families.
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Riding a populist backlash against the elite, President Rodrigo Duterte vowed to rescue landless peasants from poverty.
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Not just because of the environmental implications, but because of tragedies that will occur to these landless peasants.
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The survivor scoffs at this, arguing that it is landowners who benefit from the intimidation of the landless.
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He is now proposing to promote agriculture by purchasing unproductive plots of land and redistributing them to the landless.
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Last year he signed an agrarian reform decree aimed at issuing titles to the landless and raising farm incomes.
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Many of those fell from being farmers to being landless agricultural laborers, into the ranks of the agrarian underclass.
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Through that organization, she explained, her group is in touch with Brazil's Landless Workers Movement, or MST in Portuguese.
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Sadly, though, it later emerged that he's penniless and landless, so I told him that I wasn't interested. Sorry!
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" In the early 19th century, landowners described the landless rural poor as boisterous, foolish "crackers" and idle, vagabond "squatters.
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Abandonment and expulsion is also a problem, with experts saying many women are left landless as well as loveless.
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The demonstrations brought together students, landless peasants, labor union activists and members of the Workers Party carrying red flags.
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However, relief measures are not reaching some of the most marginalized people in the country: landless low-caste Dalits.
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Tenant farmers are mostly landless laborers who try to eke out a living from growing crops on someone else's land.
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"We may buy some symbolic land right away so no one can call us landless Indians anymore," Mr. Gray said.
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The guerrillas have long drawn recruits from landless peasants, who have embraced armed struggle as the means of acquiring land.
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The guerrillas are fighting for the rights of the landless in parts of eastern and southern India, dubbed "the Red Corridor".
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Watchdog groups say that police, often under the sway of powerful local landowners, frequently get away with bloodshed against landless activists.
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Landless activists routinely invade massive ranches and farms in Latin America's largest nation, where there is deep inequality in land distribution.
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This created a landless proletariat, who had no choice but to work for wages on what had been their forefathers' lands.
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Malema said his party was still urging the landless to occupy unutilized land despite charges he faces for inciting property grabs.
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Now unions, the Landless Workers Movement and private citizens have rented a few houses in Curitiba to stay while keeping vigil.
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Rather, the animating impulse was inherited from the Colonial past: how to deal with the problem of the lazy, landless poor?
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Making it easier for landless Brazilians to be granted tenure for their property could be positive, said Ramos from the ISA.
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Tiberius sought to reclaim lands from the wealthy landed senators to give to displaced peasants or to the landless urban poor.
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Although US Congress passed legislation in 1994 to return property back to the territory for public benefit, many Chamorros remain landless.
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Then in 2009 there was a "catastrophic shift", says Glenn Farred of AFRA, an NGO that campaigns on behalf of the landless.
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Nearly five million families across South America's largest country are landless, according a 2016 study from the University of Windsor in Canada.
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He went to Mato Grosso do Sul to visit a settlement of the Landless Workers' Movement, a group fighting for land reform.
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These protesters don't necessarily align with other traditional social movements, like the landless or the homeless workers, labor unions or student organizations.
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Instead, they allowed Northern and Southern employers to extract profit by any means necessary, imposing peonage and sharecropping on landless former slaves.
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President Joko Widodo this week signed a decree on agrarian reform, which seeks to issue titles to the landless and raise farm incomes.
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Landless peasants and tribal people form the rank and file of the Naxalalites, a movement whose origins go back to the late 1960s.
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Brazilian law allows for landless activists to occupy and eventually take ownership of land determined to be not actively used for agricultural purposes.
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He told agriculture news outlet Noticias Agricolas this week that Bolsonaro's support for outlawing landless workers' invasions could help push the bill through.
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You write that the East India Company, which ruled India before the British government officially did, created the first landless peasants in India.
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In Brasilia more than 1,500 people from peasant and homeless groups protested at the finance ministry, the Landless Workers Movement said in a statement.
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But he says the project set up to help landless black farmers fell victim to fraud, and the venture is being scrutinised by prosecutors.
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A decision by the interior department in September to deny a reservation to the landless Mashpee Wampanoag tribe of Massachusetts provided a timely illustration.
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A close ally of Brazil's powerful farm lobby, Bolsonaro has pledged to halt invasions of agricultural land by native tribes and landless peasant movements.
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The workers are largely landless Adivasi tribals who are forced to work at the kilns for half the year to pay off their debt.
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Landless Dalits are at the bottom of the age-old social hierarchy, making them vulnerable to bias and deadly attacks by upper-caste Hindus.
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But he says the project set up to help landless black farmers fell victim to fraud, and the venture is being scrutinized by prosecutors.
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And he would insist that the millions of people left landless by apartheid and the ANC finally get title to their own piece of earth.
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"If you were a poor peasant farmer or a landless laborer… it would have been very hard for someone like [you] to survive," Waters said.
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For three years, Prasad was a fighter with India's Maoist insurgency that claims to fight for the rights of poor farmers and landless indigenous people.
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However, when the Norteamericanos began to outnumber Mexicans in the territory and U.S. Imperialist interests won, most native New Mexicans found themselves displaced and landless.
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In Brasilia, more than 1,500 people from peasant and homeless groups held protests at the finance ministry, the Landless Peasant Movement said in a statement.
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I don't mean actors, but rather the masses of landless laborers who took up arms against King Charles I of England in the mid-1600s.
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Land, climate and population pressures are driving many landless Kenyans like Mugeni to encroach on nearby rivers, wetlands and other natural resources to survive, experts said.
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Mining has also overtaken agriculture as the leading provider of employment, after the Mugabe government started seizing white-owned farms to resettle landless blacks in 2000.
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The connection between Bolsonaro's potential plans to slash environmental safeguards and the fate of the rights of landless workers has made for an effective rallying point.
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In "Where Are You" Mr Buenaventura laments God's apparent indifference to the plight of landless farmers and poor children and to the extinction of animal species.
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Occupations like this aren't uncommon in Brazil as millions of landless families struggle with high housing costs and unemployment amid the worst recession since the 1930s.
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The government worries that farmers might sell everything and rush into cities, creating shantytowns filled with landless, jobless migrants who could pose a threat to stability.
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About five percent of farmers control nearly a third of farmland, while more than 56 percent of rural households are landless, according to the non-profit IndiaSpend.
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But the landless workers of Brazil — and those who put their names to paper to show support for them in the United States — are still the minority.
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Under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Programme, adopted in 1988, tenant farmers and landless agricultural labourers were entitled to apply to the government for land of their own.
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Data from India's 2011 Socio Economic and Caste census released last year showed that 100 million families, that is 56 percent of all rural households, were landless.
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First established by landless veterans fresh from putting down an uprising in northeastern Brazil in 1897, Morro da Providencia is considered Rio's first informal settlement or favela.
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They also point to the risk of further conflict in the future between investors and locals who are likely to remain landless after selling all their land.
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Agarwal, who led a working group that recommended a state-backed land bank, said the priority should be lending to small and marginal farmers, and landless minority groups.
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Landless Dalits like Kunta are at the bottom of India's age-old social hierarchy, denied land ownership and facing slights and discrimination every day from upper-caste Hindus.
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The previous federal government had drafted a National Rural Homestead Bill in 2013 to provide plots measuring about 4,400 square meters (47,361 sq ft) each to landless families.
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A few states including West Bengal, Odisha and Karnataka have drawn up their own laws for land allocation, giving government land and excess private land to the landless.
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Poor, landless people can use the plots without paying rent for 10 years, although they cannot live on the land, as much of it is outside protective embankments.
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The National Rural Homestead Bill calls for a democratic and market-friendly land reform programme, providing landless families with plots of land the size of small football fields.
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Now the ruling African National Congress (ANC) is aiming to change the constitution to allow white-owned property to be taken without payment, for redistribution to landless blacks.
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Colonialists seized some of the best agricultural land and much of it remained in the hands of white farmers after independence in 1980 leaving many blacks effectively landless.
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Colonialists seized some of the best agricultural land and much of it remained in the hands of white farmers after independence in 1980, while many blacks were landless.
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Last August, Landless Theater Company in Washington debuted its prog-metal adaptation, working with the score Mr. Sondheim took a scalpel to for Tim Burton's 2007 film adaptation.
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"We do not target any individuals," Lukuvi said at a ceremony to hand landless farmers more than 2,000 title deeds to plots that were taken from investors this year.
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Widodo, who won a second term in an election in April, last year signed an agrarian reform decree aimed at issuing titles to the landless and raise farm incomes.
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It offered them about 10 cents an acre, and when it was over, the Little Shell band was landless in a part of the country where land was everything.
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Many cash-strapped Maasai have become landless after subdividing and selling swathes of land to the south of Kenya's capital, Nairobi, where they used to roam with their cattle.
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"The government is required to issue joint titles for land that they allocate to landless families, but women are locked out of existing titles in their husband's name," he said.
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The new constitution, approved last year, gives land ownership rights to landless Dalits who are largely unaware of their rights and face daunting challenges in asserting their claims, activists say.
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How this drama plays out will say a lot about where the Colombian government comes down in the long conflict between generations of banana businessmen and landless peasants in Urabá.
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Activist Jignesh Mevani is leading a campaign for land, asking that states give 5 acres (2 hectares) of land to each landless Dalit family so they can earn a living.
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The situation grew tense in the 1970s as local indigenous people watched machines destroying the forest and the regime sought to populate the region with new non-native landless workers.
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A 2006 state government scheme to give up to two acres of land to the landless poor was meant to benefit 500,000 families, prioritizing lower-caste agricultural workers and widows.
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Garcia and Goergen appear to be linked by their militant opposition to Brazil's landless movement, in which the poor occupy unproductive land in pursuit of legal rights to the property.
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MUMBAI, India — On March 6, about 20183,000 subsistence farmers and landless peasants, many from impoverished indigenous tribes, marched to Mumbai from Nashik, a city 112 miles northeast of India's commercial capital.
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Unequal land distribution was a key reason why the FARC took up arms back in 1964 as a Marxist-inspired agrarian movement that fought to defend the rights of landless peasants.
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In the hot afternoon, they speak of the multitude of injustices faced by the landless and pledge to pressure the government to move on the homestead bill as soon as possible.
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Scharper's perspective is one that goes back to the first enclosing of communal farming lands by the wealthy to create private property in the 1700s, creating a class of landless labourers.
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But Isenberg falls prey to one of the most common and pernicious fallacies in American popular discourse about class: For her, America's landless farmers and precarious workers are by default white.
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But he dismissed the idea, proposed by some in the government, that 10 percent of proceeds from any foreign land purchase go towards land reform to benefit landless farmers and peasants.
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Over the next few hours, the visiting political boss, Mosebenzi Joseph Zwane, sold them on his latest deal: a government-backed dairy farm that they, as landless black farmers, would control.
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Vitor Guimarães, 26, an activist from the Landless Workers' Movement, a militant leftist group, said that he was on the grassy area in front of Congress when the police attacked protesters.
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Carlos Tut, 38, of the Raxruha Community Indigenous Association, said the seasonal nature of palm cultivation meant work tended to dry up outside harvest time, another reason landless families were leaving.
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By 2015, that percentage had increased to 18 percent, according to Oxfam, as campaigners educated women on their rights and the state began issuing joint titles to some of the landless poor.
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Even if the BJP's bung to farmers manages to get round the problem that many lack clear land titles, it will do nothing for landless labourers, who are often poorer than smallholders.
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The EPL demobilized in 1991 under an amnesty law, but the fact that a former left-wing combatant is now helping landless peasants makes their claims very suspicious in a businessman's eyes.
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Nine men and one woman were killed when police arrived at the Santa Lucia farm on Wednesday, which a group of landless activists that included 150 families had invaded two years ago.
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Waldomiro Costa Pereira, an activist with the Landless Workers Movement (MST) was killed on Monday when gunmen stormed the hospital in Parauapebas in northeastern Brazil's Para State, campaigners said in a statement.
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The killings are the latest round of deadly farm violence in Brazil where landless workers occupying territory are frequently attacked by armed men linked to plantation owners and illegal logging operations, campaigners say.
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Maoist rebels accuse the Indian government of plundering the mineral rich and underdeveloped east and central regions of the country at the expenses of the poor and landless among whom they draw support.
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Under the accord, landless and displaced farmers, particularly women, will be entitled to credit and farmland through a land bank that aims to redistribute three million hectares of land over the next decade.
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Not legally recognised as a Native American group by the government, the Duwamish have been rendered a so-called "landless tribe" that does not benefit from federal assistance to indigenous people, she added.
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"Identification of the landless is challenging, available land for distribution is often encroached upon by dominant interests and land management committees are often not functional," said Shipra Deo, Landesa's Uttar Pradesh state director.
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LONDON (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Thousands of people around the world work tirelessly to defend human rights – often risking their lives to expose abuses against women, children, minority groups and landless farmers amongst others.
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Dubbing their protest the "cries of the excluded", Brazil's Landless Workers' Movement (MST) and other farmers' groups occupied the office of the Planning Ministry in central Brasilia, the MST said in a statement.
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In its earlier incarnations, the members of the middle class were situated between a tiny powerful elite and much larger numbers of landless laborers and subsistence farmers who struggled to feed their families.
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It showed many pockets of extreme hunger across Yemen, concentrated in areas with active fighting, and especially affecting the 3 million displaced people, their host families, landless wage laborers and other marginalized groups.
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Her friends marveled not only at the number of supporters but at their variety: writers, students, activists, members of the marginalized Dalit and Adivasi communities, transgender women, rickshaw drivers, landless farmers, Muslims, Christians.
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He said the government was, however, trying to figure out how to distribute funds to landless tillers to make sure any such transfer program was effective and didn't just benefit those with land.
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The rebels accuse the Indian state of plundering the mineral-rich and underdeveloped east and central regions of the country at the expense of the poor and landless, among whom they retain some support.
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Activists acknowledge that land reform, like in many other countries, is a highly political issue but argue that securing tenure for the landless will help stem the rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation India currently faces.
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In a case emblematic of the widespread corruption, a failed plan for a dairy farm controlled by landless black farmers lost $21 million of public funds, but still managed to enrich South African elites.
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He has received repeated denunciations from the attorney general for propagating hate speech, and is openly hostile toward Afro-Brazilian communities, indigenous populations and members of landless movements, whom he has described as terrorists.
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Born to landless peasants, Balke was lifted from rural life by talent so evident that the locals bankrolled the early phase of an artistic education that took him from Oslo to Copenhagen and Stockholm.
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Zimbabwe since 2001 has relied on maize imports and food aid to feed itself, a situation critics blame on President Robert Mugabe's often violent seizures of white-owned commercial farms to resettle landless black citizens.
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SAO PAULO (Reuters) - Two men who were members of Brazil's landless activist group MST were killed late on Saturday in a rural area in the northeast state of Paraíba, according to MST and local police.
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Nakakeeto, 35, is one of more than 100 farmers who say they were left landless in 2011 when Ugandan palm oil company Bidco Africa cleared their fields to make way for commercial palm oil agriculture.
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It will also give way to further land grabs in a country where already millions are landless, and small farmers and indigenous communities continue to lose land and resources to logging companies and agricultural businesses.
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However, experts say the bill will not signal the kind of often violent land grabs that took place in neighbouring Zimbabwe, where white-owned farms were seized by the government for redistribution to landless blacks.
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Many are hoping the new government and parliament led by the National League for Democracy (NLD) will keep its election promises, including fair resolution of disputes, establishing land tenure security and support for the landless.
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Our recent community-based research funded with UK AID by the UK government, and in partnership with Nijera Kori, a landless laborers' movement in Bangladesh, highlights the importance of attending to domestic violence in nutrition.
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"No people will ever be republican in spirit and practice where a few own immense manors and the masses are landless," declared Representative Thaddeus Stevens, the radical congressman from Pennsylvania who sponsored the confiscation plan.
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The "Willing Buyer, Willing Seller" market-based reform, under which government bought large tracts of land from white farmers to sell pieces to landless applicants, allowed white farmers to drive up the price of land.
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So some Africans are uncomfortable with the rise of cremations, long considered taboo but a growing necessity as migration to cities is crowding out graveyard space and producing a landless generation without cash for a funeral.
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Zidres distributes public parcels to landless campesinos, then mandates that they be developed through "associations" with agro-multinationals—the very companies that have been displacing small farmers under the guise of the armed conflict for decades.
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Many landless workers' movements seek to take over properties in the name of social and economic justice to more equally distribute rural wealth, but farmers argue this flies in the face of the country's property laws.
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The party's founders were Marxist guerrillas who rose to power through a coalition of trade unionists, landless farmers, indigenous activists and leftist intellectuals who helped pave the way for the re-establishment of democracy in 1985.
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He wants to militarize Brazil's borders and has described the Landless Workers Movement, an organization that occupies large, unproductive estates in the countryside to advocate for land reform and denounce rural inequality, as a terrorist organization.
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Assam has a long-simmering movement against immigrants and its 2019 land policy, aimed at overhauling a three-decade old land law, seeks to allocate land to landless indigenous people - but does not specify who is indigenous.
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BRASILIA (Reuters) - Brazil's right-wing government under President Jair Bolsonaro will seek to classify invasions of farmland by landless workers movements as akin to terrorism, with harsher penalties for perpetrators, an Agriculture Ministry official said on Monday.
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RIO DE JANEIRO (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Hundreds of protesters have occupied a government office in Brazil's capital demanding farmland for 120,000 landless families and other reforms, one of the country's biggest land rights movements said on Monday.
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LONDON (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - The top United Nations human rights official said on Wednesday the conviction in Paraguay of 11 landless farmers accused of being involved in deadly clashes with police four years ago was "deeply troubling".
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"The main issue is not non-availability of land, it is corruption and caste," said Ramesh Sharma, a senior official at rights group Ekta Parishad, which has lobbied the government for years for land for the landless poor.
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"There should be a viable ceiling on land to be given on lease and it should be given only to landless, agriculture laborers or unemployed youths," Sunilam at Bhoomi Adhikar Aandolan said in development blog Down to Earth.
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Sundar's book, 'The Burning Forest: India's War in Bastar', published earlier this year, details the decade-long conflict between the state and Maoist rebels who claim to fight for the rights of poor farmers and landless indigenous people.
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Fortunately: In 2005, Odisha's government began a program to give landless rural families (including those headed by women) title to a small plot — in many cases, title to government-owned land on which they had already been squatting.
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Towards the end of the 1990s, however, a growing number of landless Zimbabweans, especially a group known as war veterans (many of them bogus), began to chafe at Mr Mugabe's failure to buy out and distribute white farms.
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RIO DE JANEIRO (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - A Brazilian priest who risked his life campaigning for the landless has been arrested for sexual harassment and extortion but his lawyer said the charges are a ruse to stop his work.
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"The landless face more risks than ever before, especially where the disregard for their rights converges with a conservative politics and an environmental emergency that the former heightens," said Arnold Padilla, a regional coordinator at PAN Asia Pacific.
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Two million people joined the ranks of the region's rural poor between 2014 and 2016, taking the total to nearly half the rural population, many of them subsistence farmers and landless agricultural workers, according to a new FAO report.
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When armed groups claim new land, "it's more like a summary eviction of peasants," said Jeane Bellini, national coordinator of an NGO that works with small farmers and landless laborers in the Amazon called the Comissão Pastoral da Terra.
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In a cluster of around 70 hovels made of scrap metal and plastic about an hour's drive through bumper-to-bumper traffic from Selco's headquarters in Bangalore, the company is trying out a model specialized for urban, landless people.
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Thousands of people, mostly men, have been killed or gone missing in the insurgency since the late 1960s led by rebels known as Naxals, who claim they are fighting for the rights of poor farmers and landless indigenous people.
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The ANC's challengers in the August local elections, widely seen as a run-up to the 2019 general poll, include the ultra-left Economic Freedom Fighters, which has vowed to seize white-owned land for redistribution to landless blacks.
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"Families who are landless and who were living on unregistered land are very much uncertain about the future and support that the government had promised," said Prabin Man Singh, research and policy coordinator for Oxfam, who co-authored the report.
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Towards the end of that decade, a group of aggrieved and landless "war veterans", many of them obvious impostors, successfully agitated for big handouts, after complaining that they had missed out on the patronage dished out to the bloated elite.
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Experts say the plan to expropriate land in South Africa will not signal the kind of often violent land grabs that took place in neighboring Zimbabwe, where white-owned farms were seized by the government for redistribution to landless blacks.
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Despite evidence linking landlessness and poverty, and laws to help people secure small plots of land on which to build a home and eke out a living, roughly 56 percent of India's rural households — about 100 million families — remain landless.
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She said India, which has the world's largest number of urban poor and landless people, is trying to address the "scourge" of inadequate housing through its 'Housing for all' policy that vows to provide homes for all families by 2022.
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The number of attacks has fallen in recent years but the Maoists, who say they are fighting to free the poor and landless from exploitation of their land, continue to enjoy some support among the poor and violence remains common.
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But for decades, Vietnamese fiction writers have gingerly trod this still dangerous territory, drawing on personal experience and oral histories to tell the tale from the points of view of landless peasants, women and party cadres as well as landowners.
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In an interview published on Thursday, Juan Carlos Bueno, Stora Enso's executive vice president for biomaterials, told Valor that growing the Veracel Celulose venture hinges on how the government deals with issues like landless peasants' activism or existing limits on foreign land ownership.
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Millions of mostly black South Africans remain landless and homeless despite a house-building drive, fanning social tensions at a time when the ruling ANC party has signaled its intention to also seize white-owned land without compensation to redress racial imbalances.
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Last week, after federal police took him into custody briefly for questions about a far-reaching graft probe around Brazil's state-run oil company, Lula said he "felt like a prisoner" and urged leftist organizations, from landless peasants to labor unions, to rally.
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Under the 2016 peace accord between rebels with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the government, landless and displaced farmers are entitled to credit and farmland through a land bank that aims to redistribute millions of hectares over the next decade.
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MURMALA, India — As the floodwaters sloshed into her hut, Phoolvati, a poor and landless woman living in a farming village in Bihar State, scrambled to grab some jewelry, a soccer ball and a wad of rupees — the last of the family's meager treasure.
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Cartoon by P. S. Mueller Mena came from a family of landowning peasants, who, in the years before the outbreak of civil war, had begun to feel a sense of allegiance to the local gentry, in contrast to the region's many landless laborers.
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" When Odysseus visits him in the house of the dead and hails him as the greatest of all heroes, Achilles replies: "I would rather toil as the slave of a penniless, landless laborer than reign here as lord of all the dead.
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Mugabe rejected charges that he ruined what had been seen as southern Africa's bread basket, saying Britain led a Western campaign to sabotage the economy through sanctions in retaliation for Harare's forcible seizure of white-owned farms for redistribution to landless black people.
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She introduced the 'Nijo griha, nijo bhoomi' (my home, my land) scheme that allocates plots of about 2,200 sq feet (204 sq meters) to each landless rural family, so they can build a small home and cultivate the rest of the land to sustain themselves.
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"One of the largest, most well-organized resistance to what Bolsonaro is trying to do is the MST," said Jeffrey Frank, national coordinator of Friends of the MST, a network of individuals and organizations that, as the name suggests, strive to back Brazil's landless workers.
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BAGAMOYO, Tanzania (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - In a rare victory for landless villagers in Africa, more than 1,500 people have been spared eviction to make way for an energy plant after the Tanzanian government halted the project citing concern for wildlife in a nearby sanctuary.
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Most of the measures Mr. Bolsonaro might attempt — whether expanding the authority to carry arms or classifying the movement of landless people as "terrorists" — would require either a law, which needs a simple majority in the legislature, or a constitutional amendment, which needs three-fifths.
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"Even if they were to prove that everything he has done was wrong, I would still vote for him," said Gabriel Marshall, an 18-year-old member of the Landless Workers Movement who made a 10-hour bus trip from his cooperative farm in Parana state.
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Oddly, he did not include all the awful, absurd and unjust compromises that the framers passed to created a system in which a very small percentage of Americans had an actual say in government, to the exclusion of African-Americans, women, Native Americans, the poor/landless, etc.
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Landless Dalits are at the bottom of the age-old social hierarchy, making them vulnerable to discrimination and attacks by upper-caste Hindus, including recent ones by hardline "gau rakshak" vigilantes who have lynched them on suspicion of eating beef or transporting cows, which they regard as sacred.
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But Ramaphosa's plan to change the constitution to allow white-owned property to be taken without payment for redistribution to landless blacks is raising concerns - notwithstanding the fact that he told Moody's last week that it would be implemented so as not to harm the economy or food security.
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Islamic State (IS) once boasted a "caliphate" across swathes of Syria and Iraq and claimed deadly attacks across the world, though it is now in disarray, landless and leaderless after the killing of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi during a U.S. special forces raid in northwestern Syria last month.
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Although growing bacteria using natural gas or hydrogen would technically be landless, it would require huge amounts of natural gas or energy—about 12 percent of the world's current natural gas consumption or the energy generated by 350,000 wind turbines (there are around 340,000 turbines in operation worldwide right now).
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The government will soon propose a bill lifting a ban on foreign investors buying agricultural land in Brazil, on the condition that 10 percent of any purchase is destined to land reform to benefit landless farmers and peasants, said a presidential aide who was not authorized to speak on the matter.
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" Rabbi Michael Lezak of T'ruah, a human rights group, argued that "Israel's failure to follow the Jewish imperative to protect and care for the gerim—the landless sojourners who seek refuge among us—is a far greater threat to the Jewish character of the state than is the community of African asylum-seekers.
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"If she loses and Temer takes over we will take to the streets, and we have the strength to stay there as long as necessary," said Marco Antonio Baratto, coordinator of the MST landless peasants movement, at a rally of several thousand Rousseff supporters camped out in the parking lot of Brasilia's football stadium.
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Then there are the economic agreements that Santos has pushed in the aftermath of the FARC peace deal, including one that distributes land to landless peasants, only to demand that they develop the land in conjunction with agro-national companies that, with the help of paramilitary gangs, have been booting farmers from their land for years.
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That process of shunting outsiders to the nation's margins, she argues, continued in the early Republic and in the 1919th century, when landless white settlers began to fill in the backcountry of Appalachia and the swamps of the lowland South, living in lowly cabins, dreaming of landownership but mostly toiling as exploited tenant farmers or itinerant laborers.
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When he bought his first parcel of land, Mr. Jacquet's understanding was that it had been part of a 26,000-acre tract that had been set aside in the early 1970s for members of a farming collective, or ejido, as part of a government effort to formalize property rights for landless farmers and encourage settlement in underpopulated areas.
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The farmers of Inviolata, exploited and oppressed by an ancient social order even as they are sustained by equally durable traditions of stoicism and solidarity, show an evident kinship with the fisherman in Luchino Visconti's "La Terra Trema," the agricultural laborers in Giuseppe De Santis's "Bitter Rice" and the landless peasants of Ermanno Olmi's "The Tree of Wooden Clogs," among many others.
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Given Ethiopia's not-so-distant feudal past and the dreadful abuses that immiserated millions of peasants in days of yore, especially in time of drought, the land issue is sensitive; the late Meles Zenawi, who for 21 years until his death in 2161 ran the country with an iron fist and a fervent desire to reduce poverty, was determined to prevent a rush of landless or destitute peasants into slums edging the big towns, as has happened in Kenya.
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