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291 Sentences With "landed property"

How to use landed property in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "landed property" and check conjugation/comparative form for "landed property". Mastering all the usages of "landed property" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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The previous threshold for a landed property was 20 billion rupiah, and 10 billion rupiah for an apartment.
This time around, however, the bulk of the decline was in relatively small landed property segment, while non-landed prices were steady.
Offering a resort lifestyle just a bridge away from the city, Sentosa is the only place in Singapore that foreigners can buy landed property.
The 20% tax now applies only to any purchase of a landed property or apartment worth at least 30 billion rupiah ($2.10 million), it said.
This had a substantial effect on the property market in Singapore, with both HDB and private (non-landed) property prices falling quickly in subsequent years.
For foreigners and permanent residents to be allowed to purchase landed property in Singapore they must have made "exceptional economic contributions in Singapore", the newspaper said.
Expensive apartments in premium neighborhoods are mainly bought by foreigners, because at such high prices Singaporeans have the option to buy landed property, such as bungalows and mansions.
Expensive apartments in premium neighborhoods are mainly bought by foreigners, because at such high prices Singaporeans have the option to buy landed property, such as bungalows and mansions.
Expensive apartments in premium neighbourhoods are mainly bought by foreigners, because at such high prices Singaporeans have the option to buy landed property, such as bungalows and mansions.
Although home prices fell again in the first quarter of 2017, the bulk of the decline this time around was in relatively small landed property segment, while non-landed prices were steady.
Thomas Paine, as Jamelle Bouie has written, argued in 1797 that landed property owners dispossessed most people of their "natural inheritance" to the earth and should be taxed to compensate for that loss.
The 20% tax now applies only to any purchase of a landed property or apartment worth at least 30 billion rupiah ($2.10 million), the office of the cabinet secretary said in a statement on its website.
Besides landed property, there was other moveable/immoveable property in the name of the Dera.
Albanian Series. Gender Ethnicity and Landed Property in Albania. Sussana Lastaria-Cornhiel, Rachel Wheeler. September 1998.
Albanian Series. Gender Ethnicity and Landed Property in Albania. Sussana Lastaria-Cornhiel, Rachel Wheeler. September 1998.
They distributed the Funds and landed property (at Knebworth) between the Royal Literary Fund and the Artists' General Benevolent Institution.
Lastaria-Cornhiel Sussana, Wheeler Rachel. Working Paper. Albanian Series. Gender Ethnicity and Landed Property in Albania, September 1998, Land Tenure Center.
He ignored the special status of landed property in Székely Land and confiscated the rioters' estates in favor of the royal treasury.
Instead of being foreclosed and immovable, it is, in fact, the only species of landed property that is essentially moving and circulative.
Ball, M. (1977) "Differential rent and the role of landed property", in International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1 (3) 380–403.
The Székelys did not pay taxes, but the owners of landed property in Székely Land were required to serve in the royal army. Daughters could only inherit landed property if they had no brothers. A daughter who inherited an estate (known as a "boy-daughter") had to equip a warrior to fight on her behalf. The Székelys gave 80 horses to Ladislaus IV of Hungary in the late 13th century.
This proposal was rejected and thereby spurred the organization's radical wing to "call for Union with Greece".Working Paper. Albanian Series. Gender Ethnicity and Landed Property in Albania.
It has evolved alongside Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage; the two works are regarded as complementing each other. Since the early 20th century the work also includes families that historically possessed landed property.
In response to the Crusader assault against Alexandria in 1365, Yalbugha punished the Christian inhabitants of Egypt, confiscating valuables and landed property from Christian commoners and monks alike, including some 12,000 crosses.
For more information about fee tails in Poland, see Fee tail in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth In the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, fee tail estates were called Ordynacja (landed property in fideicommis). Ordynacja was an economic institution for the governing of landed property introduced in late 16th century by King Stefan Batory. Ordynat was the title of the principal heir of an ordynacja, and each new ordynat was obliged to uphold the statute of the fee tail.
Dr. Caius, as president, with the whole college attended his funeral. He had considerable landed property, and endowed All Souls with his estate at Edgware, and left the foundation some plate at his death.
Hence he proposed taxes based on observable characteristics, i.e., presumptive taxes.de Dios, ibid. His proposal for a presumptive tax on landed property based on area and location but regardless of actual use was particularly novel.
Consequently, she may have been related to any Hungarian noble family which had landed property in the region, including the Counts of Celje, the Szécsis, Bánffys or the nobles who owned the village of Badacsonytomaj.
Székely chiefs could only seize private landed property in the counties, outside Székely Land. The wealthiest Saxons also attempted to acquire landed property in the counties, outside the jurisdiction of the Saxon communities. Being obliged to render services (primarily of military nature) for the lands that they possessed, the Romanian leaders' position was similar to the status of the "nobles of the Church" and other groups of conditional nobles. Consequently, they were not regarded real nobles, but the monarch could award them with nobility.
Two formed an , a hundred heredia a centuria, and four a . These divisions were derived from the original assignment of landed property, in which two were given to each citizen as heritable property.Varro, l.c.; Niebuhr, Hist.
Most of the scanned sources apply to all of Norway. These include parish registers up to about 1930, real estate registers up to 1950, probate documents up to about 1850, court journal transcriptions up to about 1800, feudal account books and county account records to about 1700, old censuses for 1664–1666 and 1701, the landed property tax initiative of 1723, and the landed property tax list of 1838. Some of the sources cover only parts of Norway, such as the address books for Kristiania/Oslo and Aker and certain genealogical collections.Digital Archives: Shortcuts. .
The castle warriors, who were exempted of taxation, held hereditary landed property around the royal castles. Light-armored horsemen, known as lövős (or archers), and armed castle folk, mentioned as őrs (or guards), defended the gyepűs (or borderlands).
Prefection, also promotion of a daughter to a son (; ), was a royal prerogative in the Kingdom of Hungary, whereby the sovereign granted the status of a son to a nobleman's daughter, authorizing her to inherit her father's landed property.
Dolovai 2006, p. 354. Castle warriors held landed property with a territory carved out from royal estates attached to a royal castle.Lukačka 2011, p. 37. In return for this landholding, they rendered military service to the ispán of the royal castle.
Provesano is a frazione of the comune of San Giorgio della Richinvelda, in the province of Pordenone in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. The name Provesano is of Roman origin; it consists of Probus or (Publicius) and the suffix –anu, indicating the landed property.
Between 1588 and early 1604 he sold the landed property of the family in Lübeck. This may have been because of long-standing economic difficulties due to increasing competition. After 1604, the year of his last known publication, all track of him is lost.
The Arad Chapter was a collegiate chapter, established in the , in the Kingdom of Hungary. It was dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours. The chapter was under the direct jurisdiction of the archbishop of Esztergom. It held landed property in at least seven counties.
After the land reform, large landowners (moşieri) owned 10.4% of the country's arable surface, compared to 47.7% before.Stoica, p.287.Verdery, p.45 asserts that just 8% of the surface remained in farms of over 10 ha, and landed property was limited to 100 ha.
Or all three. Modern landed property often consists of housing or industrial land, generating income in the form of rents or fees for services provided by the facilities on the land, such as port facilities. Owners often commission an estate map to help manage their estate as well as serving as a status symbol.A Sarah Bendall, Maps, Land and Society: A History, with a Carto-bibliography, of Cambridgeshire Estate Maps, 1600–1836 (Cambridge University Press, 1992) Landed property was a key element of feudalism, and freed the owner for other tasks, such as government administration, military service, the practice of law, or religious practices.
As per prevailing norms and custom, he had already been married when he left for England for further studies. Soon after his return from England, his wife died at a very young age, leaving behind 1 boy and 2 girls for him to take care of. He remarried in 1953 to Sir Akbar Hydari’s (Sir Muhammad Akbar Nazar Ali Hydari) Grand Daughter. Once the owner of famous Khalil Manzil, a private Mansion (Haveli) in Takia Sardar Shah, Mozang, Lahore and various other landed property, he gave away 26 Murabba / Square (1 Murabba=24/25 Acre) landed property in Raiwind, Lahore to the Government of Pakistan.
He appears to have died in this year, Stonore being appointed justice of the common pleas in his place. He had landed property in Reston, Hemingston, Cleydon, and Akenham, places all of them in the county of Suffolk, and also in Essex, and at Shouldham in Norfolk.
In many cases, farms were sold to their tenants.VCH: Staffordshire: Volume 5:16.s.2 - Manors The 5th Lord Hatherton made even larger disposals of landed property, selling over at Penkridge and in Teddesley Hay in 1953, including the 18th century seat, Teddesley Hall.VCH Staffordshire: Volume 5: 23: s.
He was admitted to Kalighat School in Kolkata but could not complete his studies. Mosharraf Hossain began his career looking after his father's landed property. Later he served the Faridpur Padamdi Nawab Estate and, in 1885, the Delduar Zamindari Estate. He lived in Kolkata from 1903 to 1909.
Master married at Woodford, on 18 May 1665, Susanna, daughter of the Rev. Job Yate, rector of Rodmarton in Gloucestershire. At the time of his death his three children, Richard, Thomas, and Elizabeth, were all under age. He left landed property in Essex, in Wiltshire, and at Preston, near Cirencester.
Cites:Nicolas Testamenta Vet. p. 294 He was succeeded by his son Robert Hungerford, 3rd Baron Hungerford (1431–1464).Lee p. 259 His mother (Catherine Peverell) and his wife Margaret, 4th Baroness Botreaux, the wealthy heiress of William de Botreaux, 3rd Baron Botreaux, added to the landed property of his family in Cornwall.
Faridpur Zilla School, where he studied Pulin came from a middle class Bengali Hindu family. Though they held some landed property they were mostly employed in colonial jobs. His father was an advocate at the sub- divisional court in Madaripur. One of his uncles was a Deputy Magistrate while another was munsif.
On December 22, 2009 DB Hospitality signed an agreement with Hyatt International for 5 Hyatt hotels in India. The hotel was built at a cost of Rs. 5,500 million on 28 acres of landed property at Bambolim, North Goa. It is the second Hyatt hotel in Goa, India and has 313 rooms.
The Calvinist princes of Transylvania supported their co-religionists. Gabriel Bethlen granted nobility to all Calvinist pastors. Both the kings and the Transylvanian princes regularly ennobled commoners without granting landed property to them. Jurisprudence, however, maintained that only those who owned land which was cultivated by serfs could be regarded fully-fledged noblemen.
In real estate, a landed property or landed estate is a property that generates income for the owner (typically a member of the gentry) without the owner having to do the actual work of the estate. In medieval Western Europe, there were two competing systems of landed property; manoralism, inherited from the Roman villa system, where a large estate is owned by the Lord of the Manor and leased to tenants; and the family farm or Hof owned by and heritable within a commoner family (c.f. yeoman), inherited from Germanic law. A gentleman farmer is the largely historic term for a country gentleman who has a farm as part of his estate and farms mainly for pleasure rather than for profit.
Marx points out that concentrated private ownership of large-scale economic enterprises is a historically contingent fact, and not essential to the nature of such enterprises. In the case of agriculture, for example, Marx calls attention to the sophistical nature of the arguments used to justify the system of concentrated ownership of land: : As for large landed property, its defenders have always sophistically identified the economic advantages offered by large-scale agriculture with large-scale landed property, as if it were not precisely as a result of the abolition of property that this advantage, for one thing, received its greatest possible extension, and, for another, only then would be of social benefit.Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, M. Milligan, trans. (1988), p.
The Marquis of Ruvigny and Raineval, Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal, London, 1905, Clarence Volume, p. 31, table XXXVII. Hutt died at Appley Towers, Ryde, on 24 November 1882, aged 81,The Times, 27 November 1882 leaving his landed property to his brother, Sir George Hutt. Frances, Lady Hutt, died in September 1886.thepeerage.
It must be concluded that a new Greek Orthodox elite emerged which took advantage of the weakening of society during the Ottoman conquest to acquire landed property. Their wealth was later cemented through the profits from commercial and naval enterprises.Stéphane Yerasimos, « Introduction », p.18 At the beginning of the 17th century, the Orthodox reconversion was practically complete.
Thomas Stephens, , FGS, (4 October 1830 – 25 November 1913) was an Australian educationist. Stephens was second son of the Rev. William Stephens, B.A., vicar of Levens, Westmoreland, England. The family came originally from the South of England, but a branch of it was settled for many years in County Cavan, Ireland, where they held considerable landed property.
The western portion of Thazhekode is known us Valaamkurisi, connected to the name of Valluvanad Rajas. Most of the landed property was in the holding of Pallasseri Moothamans, a title adorned by a branch of Nedungadies. After defeat of Valluvand, zamoorin raja gave the control of this place to his chief Kotharayans, the second sthani of Kuthiravattathu Thampans.
Thus Canute V was betrothed to his host's daughter Helena. It also appears that Canute as well as Valdemar owned landed property in Sweden at the time. With the alliance with Sverker in their back, the two pretenders were able to attack Sweyn III successfully in the same year.Tunberg, Sveriges historia till våra dagar, II, pp. 44–5.
The people lead a monotonous way of life irrespective of the religious diversities. Generally life is slow paced as it is seen in most of the agriculture dominant villages of Chickmagalur district. The vokkaliga community is dominant and owns most of the landed property like agricultural fields and coffee estates. Folk songs and folk dances are given much importance.
After dinner came a good old game of whist for one or two tables, > according as he invited more or less. He was fond of the game, and his > friends also were good whist player[s]. He owned a large landed property, > and when he died was very rich. On those days, and for years, the great > topic of conversation was Bonaparte.
This was settled when the neighbor sold his property and the one who bought it did not want the litigation to continue. Darkasts bearing S.N. 141-2, S.N.141-5 and S.N.197-1B were acquired during the time of Rev. Fr. F.M. Pinto. Hosabettu was one of the richest parishes in Mangalore Diocese because of large holdings of landed property.
After seventeen years practicing medicine in New York, he returned to Springboro with his family. He there engaged in the care of landed property left to him by his father. In 1870, Wright and other education-minded Quakers founded in the area of Springboro a manual labor school, Miami Valley College. The school was notable for admitting both men and women.
The Székelys did not receive a royal diploma summarizing their liberties, but royal charters evidence that they had a special legal status. The Székelys were not subjected to the authority of the voivodes and the ispáns (or heads) of the counties. Their landed property could not be confiscated in favor of the royal treasury. Neither could the monarchs grant estates in Székely Land.
The number of Székelys who could not secure their living increased due to the divisions of landed property through inheritance in the 15th century. The poor entered the service of wealthy landowners. On the other hand, Székelys who participated in military campaigns had the opportunity to receive land grants outside Székely Land. Hungarian noblemen could seize a "Székely inheritance" through marriage or purchase.
Reyes eventually finds Liz and they engage in a fierce struggle. In a blur, Liz grabs the firearm from Reyes and pulls the trigger, killing him. Determined to start their lives anew by moving house, the Chases give up their landed property to a friend of theirs. Liz is invited to attend the grand opening of the -large Elizabeth Chase Pediatric Respiratory Center.
It consists of Abu Talib Masjid, Masjid e Ali, Masjid e Juma. 1965 AP Legislative Assembly mention that there is a Shia-Mosque in Avalakonda village in Chittoor district which got landed property in Tippa Samudram , Pasumarthi, Agaramcheri and Gudiyattam of North Arcot district, Madras State. These have not yet been published in Andhra Pradesh Gazette. Notification has been sent to the press for publication.
During early Ottoman rule, in 1596, Baqa ash-Sharqiyya was located in the nahiya of Qaqun in the Sanjak of Nablus. It had a population of 35 Muslim households, and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, olives, goats and/or bees, and a press for olives or grapes; a total of 14,000 akçe.al-Salim, Farid. Landed Property and Elite Conflict in Ottoman Tulkarm.
The conscription orders were extended beyond the Muslim population to the local Christians. Taxes were also extended from landed property to include livestock as well. As Ibrahim consolidated his hold over Palestine and disarmed the population, banditry by local tribesmen and civil strife was largely eliminated.Macalister and Masterman, 1906, p. 40 Abandoned or rebellious villages were destroyed by Ibrahim Pasha's troops, which prevented their inhabitants from returning.
The book is an invaluable primary source for modern historians and historical economists. No survey approaching the scope and extent of Domesday Book was attempted again in Britain until the 1873 Return of Owners of Land (sometimes termed the "Modern Domesday") which presented the first complete, post-Domesday picture of the distribution of landed property in the land that made up the then United Kingdom.
Báncsa expanded the archbishopric' landed property with purchases, exchanges and donations. He donated the tithe of wine production to the canons of the St. Adalbert Cathedral in 1244. Upon his request, Nicholas, custos of Esztergom and dean of Sasvár (today part of Šaštín-Stráže, Slovakia) and the Esztergom Chapter were granted the estates of Szőlő and Rendvég (belonged to Nógrád Castle) by Béla IV in 1248.
92 In the end a silent compromise came into effect: Mary continued to hear mass in a more private manner, while augmenting her landed property by exchanges with the Crown.Ives 2009 p. 93; Richards 2007 Appealing to the King's religious tastes, John Dudley became the chief backer of evangelical Protestants among the clergy, promoting several to bishoprics—for example John Hooper and John Ponet.Loades 2004 p.
He married Elizabeth Damory, daughter and heiress of Sir Roger d'Amory, Lord Damory, whom William Dugdale calls "that great woman", by whom he acquired a considerable accession of landed property. They had two daughters, Agnes and Elizabeth (or Isabel), and one son and heir, William. John, Lord Bardolf, died at Assisi in Italy, and was succeeded by his son, William Bardolf, 4th Baron Bardolf.
In November 1690 Chamberlen issued a first draft of his financial scheme Dr. Hugh Chamberlen's Proposal to make England Rich and Happy. A bank was to advance money on the security of landed property by issuing large quantities of notes. James Hobson Aveling catalogued 45 pamphlet replies. Chamberlen set apart three evenings in the week to promote his project, and lobbied Members of Parliament.
William Drugeth, an influential advisor of Louis's late father, died in September 1342. He bequeathed his landed property to his brother, Nicholas, but Louis confiscated those estates. In late autumn, Louis dismissed his father's Voivode of Transylvania, Thomas Szécsényi, although Szécsényi's wife was a distant cousin of the queen mother. Louis especially favored the Lackfis: eight members of the family held high offices during his reign.
The Saxons also had the right to elect the magistrates of their seats. They enjoyed personal freedom and paid a lump sum tax to the monarchs. The wealthiest Saxon towns – Bistritz, Hermannstadt and Kronstadt (Bistrița, Sibiu and Brașov) – owned large estates which were cultivated by hundreds of peasants. Dozens of Saxons and Székely families held landed property in the counties, for which they also enjoyed the status of noblemen.
Syed was the founder of Sindh Awami Mahaz, which went on to join the National Awami Party (National Peoples Party). Like Ibrahim Joyo, Syed blended Sindhi nationalism with Communism and Sufism through the ideas of Gandhi and Marx. Syed's position brought him ample opportunity to have free income through tributes, cash offerings and landed property. This lifestyle was rejected by him, subsequently he plunged into politics with enthusiasm.
Even so, by 1570 the Spanish had more or less suppressed the rebellion throughout the Netherlands. However, in March 1569, in an effort to finance his troops, Alba had proposed to the States that new taxes be introduced, among them the "Tenth Penny", a 1/10 levy on all sales other than landed property. This proposal was rejected by the States, and a compromise was subsequently agreed upon.
Risdon (1811) pp. 198–199 Budockside and his daughter, and the Tiverton fire.Risdon (1811) pp. 71–72 In its turn, Risdon's Survey has been used as a source for later topographies. For example, apart from John Prince's Worthies of Devon mentioned above, the Lysons brothers credit it and Pole's collections for the details of the descent of the principal landed property in the Devon volume of their Magna Britannia (1822).
A meeting of Srivallavan Kotai, the chieftain (the utaiya) of Venad, with the committee of Brahmin village elders of Chengannur (Tiruchenkunrur Parutai Perumakkal) at Panainkavil palace, Kollam. Srivallavan Kotai donated the sole proprietary rights of the deity (the pattaraka) of the Ayirur Temple, installed by Tirukkalaiyapuram Aditya Umayamma (Tirukkalaiyapurattu Atichan Umaiyammai), and the land assigned to the Ayirur deity (the landed property of the Ayirur Temple) to Tirukkalaiyapuram Aditya Umayamma.
Eventually, the burghers' cause succeeded and the belated urban reform in the Commonwealth took place with the passage of the Free Royal Cities Act on 18 April 1791, which became a notable amendment to the Constitution of May 3. The Act granted, to the Commonwealth's townspeople, personal security, the right to acquire landed property, and eligibility for military officers' commissions, public offices, and gave the right for ennoblement.
Punggol Point LRT station is an LRT station on the Punggol LRT line West Loop in Singapore. The station was named after Punggol Point. The station along Punggol Way near the junction of Northshore Crescent, around a cluster of landed property on the north-eastern tip of the island of Singapore. It is situated just a couple of minutes from NorthPoint Cottages, Northshore Bungalows, and the Saint Francis Xavier Major Seminary.
The concept of personal landed property existed in South Canara district from at least the 12th century and also a military tenure not very different from the feudal system of Europe. The Bunts, being a martial caste, were exempt from paying land taxes. Around the 15th century, the Bunts had consolidated themselves as a land-owning feudal caste grouping. Bunt families controlled several villages and lived in a manor house.
His name "Benz" was inspired by "Mercedes-Benz", as he was the first ATV actor to drive a Mercedes-Benz to work. Hui met his wife while working in Singapore in the 1980s. The couple's daughter was born in Singapore before the family moved to Hong Kong. On 21 October 2018, he relocated to Singapore with his family and is currently staying in a landed property in Yishun.
He prohibited the Székelys to choose serfdom, ordered the redemption of hundreds of serfs and abolished the Székely serfs' tax exemption. The latter measure persuaded many serfs to leave Székely Land. The redemption of Székely serfs continued during the reign of George I Rákóczi, who also granted parcels of land to the liberated Székelys. Rákóczi renounced the royal prerogarive of seizing and granting landed property in Székely Land in 1636.
They turned against those who resisted, attacking their houses and villages. Queen Maria Theresa appointed a new official, József Siskovics, to complete the organization of the Military Frontier. Siskovics sent 10–20 soldiers to each villages, declaring that he would confiscated the landed property of those who resisted. Most Székelys in Gyergyó yielded, but the men from Madéfalva (now Siculeni in Romania) and the nearby villages fled to the mountains.
He was the younger son of an old Yorkshire family, from whom he inherited at his father's death a small landed property. He entered St Catharine Hall, Cambridge, when quite young, and soon migrated to Trinity College. He was second wrangler and second Smith's prizeman in 1796, and a fellow of Trinity from 1798 until his marriage in 1814. He proceeded M.A. in 1799, B.D. in 1812, and D.D. in 1829.
4 Old veranda area Despite the major upgrades, the mosque retains its original shape to preserve its freehold status as a landed property. Instead, extended prayer areas were made through modification of the closed veranda area seen in Fig. 4 (located at the entrance to the main prayer hall) to become open (Fig. 3). Also, the space in front of the newly built multipurpose hall can be used for prayer space.
From Halberstadt he had a business connection with the sovereign of the nearby petty principality of Blankenburg (Harz). In 1717, Prince Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel allowed him to buy landed property there, a privilege otherwise denied to Jews. Lehmann resided in a stately mansion and founded a Hebrew printing office, which was conducted by the printer Israel Abraham from Jeßnitz, but failed for Christian censorship reasons.
In 1852, Iglesias was elected to Congress, where he became known for his eloquence and his knowledge of constitutional law. In 1856, he was named chief clerk of the Treasury Department under President Ignacio Comonfort and later secretary of justice (January to May 1857). In the latter position, he was responsible for drafting the law that barred the Church from holding landed property. From May until September 1857, he was secretary of the treasury.
Originally the area belonged to Orzegów, whose landed property was bought by Karl Godulla, after whom the settlement was named. The zinc smelter Godullahütte was built after his death, 1854–55, and operated until 1919. Adjacent to the establishment developed a working class settlement later called Godula, the first 21 buildings were built in years 1858–61. The church of the Beheading of Saint John the Baptist was under construction since 1867.
Besides the Notitia, he added 152 titles to the Edictum Rothari of his predecessor.Wickham, Early Medieval Italy, 44. The Notitia is "essentially a forerunner of the Carolingian capitulary". The Latin term curtis (plural curtes) originally denoted "a complex of landed property" and came during the Lombard period to refer to the house of a free man (liber homo) with its surrounding buildings and orchards before settling to mean the administrative centre of a lord's estates.
Here below we give some details that are available to us, so that we have a better view of the progress of the place and the parish. However the exact chronological order of each event is difficult to describe. Hence we mention main activities that have taken place during the tenure of each priest. Since we have no landed property now, various improvements done there on, are left out (are not available to us too).
Decades later, the first place names of Romanian origin were also recorded: Cuciulata in 1372 and Mândra in 1401. Louis I of Hungary forced Vladislav I of Wallachia to accept his suzerainty in 1366. To secure Vladislav's loyalty, the king also granted him landed property in southern Transylvania, including the district of Fogaras (around present-day Făgăraș in Romania). Six years later, Vladislav donated estates to Wallachian boyars (or noblemen) in the district.
Some of Kent's letters to Sir James Porter, dated 1765 and 1766. are in the Egerton Manuscripts 2157. Returning to England in 1766, he drew up an account of Flemish husbandry at the request of Sir John Cust, the Speaker of the House of Commons, who persuaded Kent to devote himself to agriculture. Kent published in 1775 Hints to Gentlemen of Landed Property (3rd edition 1793) with coverage going as far as labourers' cottages.
Dr. D Gooptu was the son of Brindaban Chandra Gupta who had considerable landed property in and around Calcutta. Dr. D Gooptu was one of the favourite students of David Hare and educated under his care at the Hare School in Calcutta. Mahashri Debendranath Tagore was his contemporary at the school. When the Medical College of Bengal was established in June 1835, he was admitted as one of the first four foundation students.
M'Evoy settled in Dublin, and in the year 1775 was appointed surgeon to the Charitable Infirmary, Inns Quay. Owing solely to his abilities, he soon acquired a very large practice, and realised a large fortune, with which he purchased landed property in the counties of Longford and Westmeath. He married Anne Fetherston-Haugh, of Bracklyn Castle, Co. Westmeath. The principal appointments held by M'Evoy were the surgeoncies of the Charitable Infirmary and the Lock Hospital.
The immigration of Greeks on a grand scale started during Radu Mihnea's reign. Their financial background enabled them to buy landed property and acquire boyar status. The Sublime Porte transferred Radu Mihnea to Moldavia and appointed Alexandru Iliaș prince of Wallachia in 1616. Two years later, the new ruler's blatant favoritism towards the Greeks caused an uprising during which the discontented native noblemen, who were led by Lupu Mehedițeanu, murdered Greek landowners and merchants.
Drammens Museum (Norwegian: Drammens museum for kunst og kulturhistorie) is located in the heart of Drammen, on the southern side of the Drammen River. In earlier years this was an area of elegant country houses on the magnificent landed property known as Marienlyst. Exhibits of the museum include items from the historical and cultural background of Norway. Drammen museum consists of five departments including Gulskogen Manor, the childhood home Peder Nicolai Arbo.
During the 18th century, the "middleman system" for managing landed property was introduced. Rent collection was left in the hands of the landlords' agents, or middlemen. This assured the landlord of a regular income, and relieved them of direct responsibility, while leaving tenants open to exploitation by the middlemen. Catholics, the bulk of whom lived in conditions of poverty and insecurity despite Catholic emancipation in 1829, made up 80% of the population.
Offenbach Shortly after, Charles fell into disfavour at court, and in early 1767 he and Louise left Copenhagen to live with his mother in the county of Hanau. They would have their first child, Marie Sophie, there in 1767 and then their second child, William, in 1769. In 1768, Charles purchased the landed property and village of Offenbach-Rumpenheim from the Edelsheim family. In 1771 he had the manor expanded into a castle and princely seat.
They will be at liberty to keep their landed property situate on the territory annexed to France. Art. 7. For Sardinia the present treaty will become law as soon as the necessary legislative sanction has been given by the Parliament. Art. 8. The present treaty shall be ratified and the ratifications exchanged at Turin within the delay of ten days, or earlier if possible. In faith of which the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed it and affixed their seals thereunto.
The Blessed who was a priest for more than 50 years, wrote in his Testament: "I do not possess anything either as landed property or as cash account... After my death, my funeral must be conducted in the most simple way. Ever since 1926, I had been staying with the Harijan (Dalit) Christians. Even after death, I would like to be with them. Therefore my dead body should be buried where the Harijan Christians are buried".
He also rebuilt much of the town of Imola, tearing down old and decayed houses. During his uncle's pontificate, Riario mostly resided with his wife in Rome. In 1484 he started a conflict with the Colonna family, whose landed property Sixtus IV wished to take over. In the course of this feud he had the papal protonotary, Lorenzo Colonna, arrested and tortured to death, a deed which provoked much enmity against his family in the city.
In 1607 Pázmány entered the court of Archbishop Ferenc Forgách of Esztergom. The following year he attracted attention in the Diet of Hungary by his denunciation of the 8th point of the Peace of Vienna, which prohibited the Jesuits from acquiring landed property in Hungary. Particularly remarkable from this period is Pázmány's Guide to Truth, which appeared in 1613. This manual was judged to have united all the advantages of scientific depth, methodical arrangement and popular style.
Workit and Mestayit regents to their minor sons have been held responsible for their provinces. They owed their rights to landed property because of a special type of land tenure that expected tenants to serve as militia to overlords, irrespective of gender. In 1896, Empress Tayetu Betul, wife of Emperor Menelik II, actively advised the government and participated in defending the country from Italian invasion. Prominent and other landowning women fought against the second invasion in 1935–41.
Pop 2005, p. 234. The boyars of Fogaras enjoyed a similar status in the land of Fogaras (Făgăraș, Romania), held as a fief for decades at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries by the princes of Wallachia.Makkai 1994, p. 230. Finally, the status of the Orthodox Romanian noble voivodes who held landed property in the estates of the Roman Catholic bishops of Várad (Oradea, Romania) and Transylvania was similar to that of ecclesiastic nobles.
A political class emerged in Spain during the reign (1833–68) of Queen Isabella II. A modern political class emerged in Spain, adapted to the needs of a representative state that was under construction. To bring that about, the circles of power were open to intense renewal, coopting families of provincial gentry networks. The result was a political class composed mostly of jurists and attached to the values and interests of landed property. It was a new ruling class.
An estate map of 1587 showing lands belonging to the Duke of Beaufort in and around Tretower, Brecknockshire. National Library of Wales, Badminton estate map volume 3, fols 68v & 69r. This map was awarded UNESCO Memory of the World status in 2016 An 1835 printed map of the landscaped parkland at Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, England. Estate maps were maps commissioned by individual landowners or institutions, to show their extensive landed property, typically including fields, parkland and buildings.
The ground was placed at the observatory's disposal by the crown free of charge. The costs of the new buildings and the new instruments amounted to 1.5 million Goldmark and could be covered by selling the landed property of the Berlin Observatory. The old observatory built by Schinkel was pulled down later. In June 1911 the construction of a new observatory began in Babelsberg and on 2 August 1913 the removal from Berlin to Babelsberg was complete.
His acreage may vary from under ten to hundreds of acres. The gentleman farmer employed labourers and farm managers. However, according to the 1839 Encyclopedia of Agriculture, he "did not associate with these minor working brethren". The chief source of income for the gentleman farmer was derived not from any income that his landed property may generate; he had either access to his own private income, he worked as a professional and/or he owned a large business elsewhere.
Radu Mihnea appointed his son, Alexandru Coconul, prince of Wallachia in 1623. Four years later Alexandru Iliaș seized the throne for the second time. During the reign of Leon Tomșa, who mounted the throne in 1629, a new anti-Greek uprising started. On 19 July 1631 the rebellious boyars, who were supported by George I Rákóczi, forced Leon Tomșa to expel all Greeks who had not married a local woman and did not held landed property in Wallachia.
The Ghana Institution of Surveyors (GhIS) was established on 28 February 1969. It is the leading source of professional advice on Landed Property and Construction in Ghana. It was established out of the Ghana Branch of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors following a resolution during the annual general meeting in 1969. Members of the Institute of Quantity Surveyors and the Licensed Surveyors Association practising in Ghana at the time were also incorporated at the beginning.
Only Székelys who owned landed property known as "Székely inheritance" could be elected lieutenants or seat judges. Such property almost always included a mill, increasing the revenues of its owner. "Székely inheritances" were divided among the lineages, because the right to nominate and elect the officials of a seat moved from lineage to lineage in each year. Consequently, members of the families who owned more than one "Székely inheritance" held the offices more frequently than others.
The people in the Cairo Citadel panicked, causing so much turmoil throughout the crowd that people were killed. Bey was seized in the Mausoleum of al-Nasir, outside of Cairo, by ten of the grand amirs in full armor. Bey confessed and took full responsibility. “He said: ‘I brought to Shaykhu a request for a transfer from salary to landed property, but he did not gratify my concern. That decision had an overpowering influence on my soul’” (Smith).
Having in 1871 been charged in the House of Commons with acting with inhumanity in the administration of certain landed property belonging to wards of the Court of Chancery (Ireland), he published in pamphlet form a vindication of his conduct, entitled Refutation of a Libel on Gerald Fitzgibbon, Esq., Master in Chancery in Ireland, 1871 8vo. Fitzgibbon also published A Banded Ministry and the Upas Tree, 1873, 8vo. He resigned his post in 1880, and died in September 1882.
But out of self less devotion to the school, the chairman of the Board of Trustees, Mr. Obadiah Edwards Roberts offered free his landed property at Moshawele, Mushin Lagos. The offer was accepted and the school building plan was developed in “E” shape to represent first letter of the name of the founder ’EUBA’. On May 7, 1948, the turning of the first sod took place on Nov. 27th after a brief religious ceremony performed by Arch.
Less illustrious individuals, known as castle warriors, also held landed property and served in the royal army. Most privileged laymen called themselves royal servants to emphasize their direct contact to the monarchs from the 1170s. The Golden Bull of 1222 enacted their liberties, especially their tax-exemption and the limitation of their military obligations. From the 1220s, the royal servants were associated with the nobility and the highest-ranking officials were known as barons of the realm.
She was also given £100 000 and all the pets. Following the death of Gladys Yule in 1957, not only was the bloodstock dispersed, but the landed property was put up for sale. Hanstead House estate remained on the market for a couple of years, as many country houses were being demolished at this time. Eventually it was sold to an American evangelist and was used as a college; when this closed, Hanstead Park became a corporate training centre.
Bukit Purmei is a small housing estate within Bukit Merah planning area in Singapore, near Telok Blangah estate. Bukit Purmei consists of 15 HDB blocks, private apartments and landed property. Within the estate, there is Bukit Purmei Hillock Park, a Chinese temple, a Church, a small Malay-Muslim cemetery and a Malay shrine called Keramat Bukit Kasita. The roads serving the estate are Bukit Purmei Ave, Bukit Purmei Rd and Bukit Teresa Rd. The name means "Serene Hill" in Malay.
Statue of the female pharaoh Hatshepsut on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art In ancient Egypt, women enjoyed the same rights under the law as a man, however rightful entitlements depended upon social class. Landed property descended in the female line from mother to daughter, and women were entitled to administer their own property. Women in ancient Egypt could buy, sell, be a partner in legal contracts, be executor in wills and witness to legal documents, bring court action, and adopt children.
Stapleton was the second son of Thomas Stapleton of Carlton Hall, Yorkshire, by his first wife, Maria Juliana, daughter of Sir Robert Gerard, bart. On the death of his father in 1839, he succeeded to landed property near Richmond, Yorkshire. Stapleton was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London on 15 January 1839, and, as a close friend of John Gage Rokewode, its director, became involved with the Society. He was appointed one of its vice- presidents in 1846.
Morgenstern wrote a letter to his former associate, Hitler, on 10 August 1939 addressed to "His Excellency the Chancellor and leader of the German Reich". It was apparently intercepted by bureaucrats as it has markings, such as underlines and "Jew!" added to the margin. In his letter, Morgenstern asked that the authorities, in exchange for the transfer of his landed property, pay compensation for the confiscation of his property (in foreign currency, so that he could emigrate). The letter went unanswered.
Under Rhode Island's colonial charter, originally received in 1663, only male landowners could vote. At the time, most of the citizens of the colonies were farmers and held land, and this qualification was considered fairly democratic. By the 1840s, the state required landed property worth at least $134 in order to vote. As the Industrial Revolution reached North America and many people left the farms for the cities, large numbers of people could no longer meet the minimum property requirement to vote.
Weiner contrasted "moveable goods" which can be exchanged, with "immoveable goods" that serve to draw the gifts back (in the Trobriand case, male Kula gifts with women's landed property). She argues that the goods given, like crown jewels, are so identified with particular groups, that even when given, they are not truly alienated. Such goods depend on the existence of particular kinds of kinship groups in society. French anthropologist Maurice Godelier continued this analysis in "The Enigma of the Gift" (1999).
In the context of the Trobriand study, male Kula gifts were moveable gifts compared to those of women's landed property. She argued that the specific goods given, such as Crown Jewels, are so identified with particular groups that, even when given they are not truly alienated. Not all societies, however, have these kinds of goods, which depend upon the existence of particular kinds of kinship groups. French anthropologist Maurice Godelier pushed the analysis further in The Enigma of the Gift (1999).
He succeeded on his mother's death to the family estate of Whatcombe, Dorset, and to landed property in the Isle of Purbeck in 1863. In 1872 he assumed the additional name of Pleydell, his mother's maiden name. He founded the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club in 1875, and was its president till his death. In 1876 Mansel- Pleydell was high sheriff of Dorset, and he was a member of the county council from its establishment in 1887 till his death.
Their military role enabled them to preserve their privileged status. They did not pay tax and the kings of Hungary could not grant landed property in Székely Land. Their basic administrative units, known as seats from the 14th century, were headed by elected lieutenants and seat judges. They formed one of the "Three Nations of Transylvania" after a "brotherly union" was formed by the (largely Hungarian) noblemen, the free military Székelys and Saxon patrician class against the Transylvanian peasants in 1437.
This first known legislative assembly of the Székelys decreed that those who possessed landed property for 32 years acquired the title to it. Hunyadi's son, Matthias Corvinus, was elected king in 1458. He confirmed the right of the Székelys of Kászon region to freely elect a lieutenant and a seat judge in 1462. The offices of voivode of Transylvania and count of the Székelys were in practise united in the 1460s, because thereafter the kings always appointed the same noblemen to both offices.
After Konstantine laid siege to the town, Mitso sought assistance from the Byzantines, offering to surrender Mesembria to them in exchange for landed property in the Byzantine Empire. Michael VIII accepted the offer and sent Michael Glabas Tarchaneiotes to help Mitso in 1263. A second Byzantine army stormed into Thrace and recaptured Stanimaka and Philippopolis. After seizing Mesembria from Mitso, Glabas Tarchaneiotes continued his campaign along the Black Sea and occupied Agathopolis, Sozopolis and Anchialos (now Ahtopol, Sozopol and Pomorie in Bulgaria).
The first documentary mention stems from the year 815, when Rathard founded a monastery in St. Georgen and built the first church there. It was presumably a re-foundation of an older monastery established by the Huosi, since the first larger landed property of the monastery was around the town of Raisting, a heartland of the Huosi. The first monastery was already destroyed in 955 by the marauding Hungarians, the nuns were raped and murdered and the monastery burnt down.
Agas's regular work consisted of drawing up local estate maps and surveys for a variety of clients. He was one of the first estate surveyors to move beyond the traditional practice of compiling purely written descriptions of landed property, and to consider supplementing these with measured maps. The earliest map that can be attributed to him is one of lands at West Lexham, Norfolk, dated 1575. He subsequently undertook commissions in Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Gloucestershire, Norfolk, Oxfordshire, Suffolk and Surrey.
The noblemen (including the Székely, Saxon, Romanian nobles who held landed property in the counties) made up the Hungarian nation, but the Hungarian peasants were excluded from this group. The Székelys formed a separate nation, although they spoke Hungarian. The Saxons who lived in the privileged districts were the members of the Saxon nation, but the Saxon population of the counties was not included. The "brotherly union" was first confirmed on 2 February 1438, after the fall of the peasant revolt.
Most of them preferred Slavic names even in the 14th century, showing that they spoke the local Slavic vernacular. Other groups of conditional nobles remained distinguished from true noblemen. They developed their own institutions of self-government, known as seats or districts. Louis decreed that only Catholic noblemen and knezes could hold landed property in the district of Karánsebes (now Caransebeș in Romania) in 1366, but Orthodox landowners were not forced to convert to Catholicism in other territories of the kingdom.
He was born in Edinburgh. His parents possessed considerable landed property in Midlothian. Educated partly in the University of Edinburgh and partly in France, Italy and Switzerland, and early acquiring an interest in natural history, he benefited greatly by acquaintance with foreign languages and literature, and with men of science in different countries. He was induced in 1837, through the influence of Leopold von Buch, to devote his special attention to the brachiopoda, and in course of time he became the highest authority on this group.
He had to vacate his fellowship three years later, on his mother's death, when he inherited a small landed property. From 1855 to 1863 he was tutor and mathematical lecturer of Wadham. It was during this period that he began historical study. His theological views underwent considerable change; the position which Shirley occupied at the time of his death was still a provisional one. Having been in his early days a disciple of Arnold, he ultimately came to regard ‘undogmatic Christianity’ as a contradiction in terms.
Justina Szilágyi de Horogszeg (; before 1455 – 1497) was a Hungarian noblewoman, who became the second wife of Vlad the Impaler, Voivode of Wallachia. She was the daughter of Ladislaus or Osvát Szilágyi and thus a cousin of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary. Corvinus first gave her in marriage to Wenceslas Pongrác of Szentmiklós. Pongrác had inherited estates in Upper Hungary (present-day Slovakia), but was forced to renounce them in exchange for landed property he and Justina jointly received in Transylvania following their marriage.
When Terry died on 22 February 1838, three years after a paralytic seizure, he was buried with Masonic honours and the band of the 50th Regiment led the procession. The funeral, described as the grandest seen in the colony, may be taken as the summation of his life's striving. He left a personal estate of £250,000, an income of over £10,000 a year from Sydney rentals, and landed property that defies assessment. His will was eventually published by the government as a public document.
The English forests of hardwood and conifer had been all but decimated by the thirteenth century. Beginning in the 1540s, further exploitation of its remaining forests ensued as British factories began consuming vast amounts of wood to fuel its iron industry. In an attempt to preserve its dwindling resource, parliament passed Act for the Preservation of Woods in 1543, limiting further felling of timber to 440 yards from landed property. However, the seventeenth century even the tracts that had been reserved for the Crown had been depleted.
Their exchanges were ignored by Malinowski. Secondly, she developed Mauss's argument about reciprocity and the "spirit of the gift" in terms of "inalienable possessions: the paradox of keeping while giving." Weiner contrasts "moveable goods" which can be exchanged with "immoveable goods" that serve to draw the gifts back (in the Trobriand case, male Kula gifts with women's landed property). She argues that the specific goods given, like Crown Jewels, are so identified with particular groups, that even when given, they are not truly alienated.
The French confiscated his possessions on the Rhine and nearby Trier which included Eltz castle, as well as the associated goods which were held at the French headquarters in Koblenz. In 1797, when Count Hugo Philipp later turned out to have remained hidden in Mainz, he came back to the reclaim of his lands, goods and wealth. In 1815 he became the sole owner of the castle through the purchase of the Rübenacher house and the landed property of the barons of Eltz-Rübenach.
The majority of Latin documentation regarding Jews during this period refers to their landed property, fields, and vineyards (Ashtor, pp. 250–251). In many ways life had come full circle for the Sephardim of al-Andalus. As conditions became more oppressive in the areas under Muslim rule during the 12th and 13th centuries, Jews again looked to an outside culture for relief. Christian leaders of reconquered cities granted them extensive autonomy, and Jewish scholarship recovered and developed as communities grew in size and importance (Assis, p. 18).
Smith graduated from Yale College in 1815. He studied law in the office of his uncle, the Hon. Noah B. Benedict, of Woodbury, and at Judge Tapping Reeve's Law School in Litchfield, and was admitted to the bar in 1818. He began practice in New Haven, but was soon obliged by his father's infirm health to return to Woodbury, and after two or three years found his time so much engrossed by the care of his father's large landed property that he withdrew from his profession.
The conversion of the pagan Cumans who had settled in Hungary a century before was completed during his reign, according to John of Küküllő. After the conquest of Vidin, he sent Franciscan friars to the new banate to convert the local Orthodox population, which caused widespread discontent among the Bulgarians. In 1366, he ordered that all Serbian priests be converted and rebaptised. He also decreed that only Roman Catholic noblemen and knezes were allowed to hold landed property in the district of Sebes in Temes County.
In 1605 a conflict between Venice and the Holy See began with the arrest of two members of the clergy who were guilty of petty crimes, and with a law restricting the Church's right to enjoy and acquire landed property. Pope Paul V held that these provisions were contrary to canon law and demanded that they should be repealed. When this was refused, he placed Venice under an interdict. The Republic, under Doge Leonardo Donà, paid no attention to the interdict or the act of excommunication, and ordered its priests to carry out their ministry.
Sidheshwari Laxminath Sanskrit College, Gajahara, a finance affiliated unit of KSDS University, Darbhanga, was established in 26 January 1967 by Late Dr. Shri Krishna Mishra, Former H.O.D of English Dept. of LNMU, Darbhanga, First President of G.B. and the son of late Mahamahopadhyaya Jaydev Mishra with the donation of his widow sister Sidheshwari Devi and the local public. Late Krishnakant Mishra and Late Devkrishna Mishra played vital roles to manage the landed property for the establishment of the college. After 1984, the college was effected by negative different factors.
In tandem, local folklore came to regard Stephen as a protector of peasantry against noblemen and foreign invaders. For centuries, free peasants claimed that they inherited their landed property from their ancestors to whom it had been granted by Stephen for their bravery in the battles. Such precedents also made Stephen a cult figure in Romanian nationalism, which sought the union of Moldavia with Wallachia, and in rival Moldovenism. Early in the 19th century, the Moldavian regionalist Gheorghe Asachi made Stephen the topic of historical fiction, popular prints, and heraldic reconstructions.
Classical liberalism in Britain traces its roots to the Whigs and radicals, and was heavily influenced by French physiocracy. Whiggery had become a dominant ideology following the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and was associated with supporting the British Parliament, upholding the rule of law, and defending landed property. The origins of rights were seen as being in an ancient constitution, which had existed from time immemorial. These rights, which some Whigs considered to include freedom of the press and freedom of speech, were justified by custom rather than as natural rights.
Six Lectures on the Inns of Court and of Chancery (Delivered in Middle Temple Hall during Easter and Trinity Terms, 1912), Macmillan and Co., 1912; Hugh H. L. Bellot, The Inner and Middle Temple: Legal, Literary And Historic Associations, p. 173. His diversification proved profitable. When one of his heirs offered their reversionary interest in Cox's probate estate for sale the advertisement listed the sources of income. These included various leasehold properties in the City of London, Marlow Mills in Buckinghamshire, his newspaper and magazine titles as well as his landed property.
Violent persecution also resulted, leading to the torture and execution of many Catholics, both clergy and laity. Since then, many have been canonised and beatified by the Vatican, such as Saint Oliver Plunkett, Blessed Dermot O'Hurley, and Blessed Margaret Ball. Although some of the Penal Laws restricting Catholic access to landed property were repealed between 1778 and 1782, this did not end anti-Catholic agitation and violence. Catholic competition with Protestants in County Armagh for leases intensified, driving up prices and provoking resentment of Anglicans and Protestants alike.
T. E. Cliffe Leslie was born in the county of Wexford, the second son of the Rev. Edward Leslie, prebendary of Dromore, and rector of Annahilt, in the county of Down. His family was of Scottish descent, but had been connected with Ireland since the reign of Charles I. Amongst his ancestors were John Leslie (1571–1671), bishop first of Raphoe and afterwards of Clogher, and the bishop's son Charles Leslie. Cliffe Leslie received his elementary education from his father, who resided in England, though holding church preferment and some landed property in Ireland.
On September 1, he was stationed in the estates of Abdullah Pasha in Yakova with his total number of retinue reaching 700 and a battalion was expected to reinforce them from Mitroviça. The attack commenced on September 3 and ended three days later with his death, that of Abdullah Pasha and the burning of his estate. The attack marked the beginning of the armed hostilities between the league and the Ottoman state. During the eventually unsuccessful war against the Ottomans, Koronica sold his landed property to support the league.
These general principles are supplemented and elucidated on money, industry, interest, and circulation and on population. Part II then applies these principles to a number of policy questions in political economy: the distribution of landed property, guilds and other forms of restrictive practices through privilege, price controls, controls over sales, sumptuary laws and some observations associated with population and agriculture. Part III presents the theory of finance while the last three sections act as a sort of summary of the policy implications of the material presented.Verri, Pietro, Barbara McGilvray, and Peter D. Groenewegen.
Bindoff: HILL, Sir Rowland (by 1498–1561), of London and Hodnet, Salop. – Author: Helen Miller Between 1539 and 1547, Hill invested a substantial part of his commercial wealth in great quantities of landed property in Shropshire and the neighbouring counties that had been made available by the dissolution of the monasteriesBaugh and Elrington (1989): Domesday Book: 1540–1750 or the abolition of chantries and colleges. Bromley speculated in some of Hill's deals and, like other prominent lawyers, built up considerable estates in his native county, including land at Wroxeter, which became his seat.
A/S Framnæs mek Værksteds's landed property is mainly separated from a farm by the name of Vestre Rød. The eldest known name on the farm is Rud in Valley, and the first known owner was Svale Jonsson Smør. From 1620-30 the Vestre Rod belonged to the feudal overlord, Admiral Ove Gjedde, and was later included as a speck in his son-in-law, Niels Langes's big estate. When Niels Langes's bankruptcy was settled, Vestre Rod, in 1667, was first transferred to Mayor Marcus Barenholt’s property and then to Vilhelm Mechelsberg.
When in 1919 privileges to members of dynastic and noble families were abolished by the constitution of the Weimar Republic and hence titles became part of the last name some members of the affected families chose to be officially named ' while others preferred ' to emphasize their Baltic-German heritage. This is why members of the same family can have different official last names.Johannes Baron von Mirbach: Adelsnamen, Adelstitel. C.A.Starke Verlag, Limburg an der Lahn, 1999, The original distinction from other barons was that a 's landed property was allodial instead of a fief.
Pomponio was the son of Antonio Allegri da Correggio, and studied the first rudiments of art under his father before Correggio's death when he was thirteen years of age. He is said to have continued his studies after Correggio's death, under Francesco Maria Rondani the ablest disciple of his father. Pomponio inherited a considerable fortune from his father and grandfather, and appears for some time to have held a good position in the town of Correggio. He afterwards, however, sold most of his landed property, and his affairs became involved.
After a severe struggle he was at length able, in 1882, to dispose of his railroad property; and with indomitable will he almost at once began the construction of another road in Grant County, Wisconsin (across the Mississippi River from his residence), and was thus finally enabled to extinguish the claims on his landed property. He died at his home, on August 20, 1891, in his 73rd year. In 1849 he married in his native State Hannah Larrabee, who survived him with their two sons and two daughters.
He also owns valuable landed property in Allehabad, a Colliery in Jharia, the Bombay Glass Works at Matunga and at Gujarat. In recognition of his services to Indian Industries, he was created a Rai Bahadur in 1924. Modern Bombay and Indian states by T. Peters, Who's Who Publishers (India), 1942,page 250Jagmal Raja Rai Bahadur Life sketch Modern Bombay and her patriotic citizens Who's Who Publishers (India), 1941 Page 250. He left schooling early and joined his father's business of railway contractor at an early age of twelve only.
The Padise name is first mentioned in the letter of the Danish king, which in 1283 confirmed the acquisition of the landed property for the future Cistercian Padise Abbey. In 1305 Eric VI of Denmark gave permission to the monks from Dünamünde to build a fortified monastery in Padise, the construction of which begun in 1317. In 1343 - at the time of St. George's Night Uprising - the first floor and part of the main floor walls were finished. The monastery was burnt down and 28 monks, lay brothers and German vassals were killed.
Eruvin 12a; Berachot 58b; et al. When Rav Papa became head of the yeshiva of Naresh (an academy that later was relocated to Mata Mehasia, a suburb of Sura and its Yeshiva there), Huna was appointed president of the general assembly ("resh kallah") in the same school.Berachot 57a During his studies under Rava, he earned his livelihood from a small landed property, enabling him to make the time needed for his studies. Later on, he became a business partner of his colleague Rav Papa, and earned his living from selling sesame.
Heber was one of the 18 founders in 1812 of the Roxburghe Club of bibliophiles. He possessed extensive landed property in Shropshire and Yorkshire, and was High Sheriff of Shropshire in 1821, was Member of Parliament (MP) for Oxford University from 1821 to 1826, and in 1822 was made a D.C.L. of that University. He was one of the founders of the Athenaeum Club, London. In 1826 he and Charles Henry Hartshorne, a friend he had made through the Roxburghe Club, encountered gossip and innuendo over the nature of their relationship.
On a later occasion, probably in 28, he would have accompanied his friend who had been sent on a mission to the East, but he fell sick and had to stay behind in Corcyra. Tibullus had no liking for war, and though his life seems to have been divided between Rome and his country estate, his own preferences were wholly for the country life. The loss of Tibullus's landed property is attested by himself (i.1, 19), as a farmer "felicis quondam, nunc pauperis agri" ("of a once fruitful, now impoverished field"; cf.
Juárez had been expecting a sentence of death, and was proceeding to have all of Santa Anna's landed property confiscated and sold off. Juárez issued a general amnesty for all political opponents in October 1870, but explicitly excluded Santa Anna. The general responded angrily, listing his many heroic military deeds for the patria, asking contemptuously where the civilian Juárez was then, and calling him a "dark Indian," a "hyena," and "a symbol of cruelty." But only after Juárez died in office was Santa Anna able to return to Mexico.
Barnave's (posthumously published) Introduction à la rèvolution française anticipates in its sociology the work of Auguste Comte;J H Thompson, The French Revolution (Oxford 1943) p. 251 while at the same time pointing the way to the marxist concept of the mode of production.R Meek, Social Science and the Ignoble Savage (Cambridge 1976) p. 229 Barnave's argument, that “just as landed property is the basis of aristocracy and federalism, commercial property is the principle of democracy and unity”,Quoted in R Meek, Social Science and the Ignoble Savage (Cambridge 1976) p.
He was of Albanian origin and received a Greek education, but he was proclaimed prince after an anti-Greek rebellion. Lupu Vasile regarded himself as the Byzantine emperors' successor and introduced an authoritarian regime. He gained the support of both the pro-Polish and the pro-Ottoman boyars, but also strengthened the Greeks' position through farming out state revenues and supporting their acquisition of landed property. He set up a college in Iași in 1639 and promoted the establishment of the first printing press in Moldavia three years later.
András Lázár convoked a new general assembly to Agyagfalva (now Lutiţa in Romania), which banished those who had conspired against the monarch and confiscated their landed property. The leader of the great uprising of the Hungarian peasants in 1514, György Dózsa, was of Székely origin, but the Székely commoners did not support the rebels. John Zápolya, who had been count of the Székelys since 1510, played a preeminent role in the victory of the noblemen over the peasants. He also suppressed a revolt of the Székely commoners in 1519.
Members were elected annually by the propertied citizens of the towns or counties. Usually they met for a single, short session; but the council or governor could call a special session. As in Britain, the right to vote was limited to men with freehold "landed property sufficient to ensure that they were personally independent and had a vested interest in the welfare of their communities". Due to the greater availability of land, the right to vote was more widespread in the colonies where by one estimate around 60 percent of adult white males could vote.
In his later life he was adopted as an administrator of one of the so-called ministeria, administration units of the landed property outside of Fulda. Yet this honorable function gave him reason to complain of the lack of intellectual conversation in his loneliness far from the monastic community of Fulda. In the crisis caused by the austerity and severity of Abbot Ratgar, he seems to have tried to mediate between the struggling parties, but without lasting success. Finally in 817, Ratgar was deposed by the Emperor Louis the Pious.
Brocklesby's will (dated 3 August 1713, codicils 30 January and 7 February 1714, proved 13 August 1714) was to have been included in the second volume of Peck's Desiderata Curiosa (1735), but was left for a third volume, which never appeared. Out of considerable landed property in Lincolnshire and Huntingdonshire, a house at Stamford, etc., Brocklesby founded schools at Folkingham and Kirkby-on-Bain, Lincolnshire, and Pidley, Huntingdonshire, to teach poor children their catechism and to read the Bible. The charitable bequests are very numerous, and some rather singular.
Countess Elizabeth Báthory, an infamous 16th century Hungarian serial killer, was also a member of the noble Báthory clan. The Hungarian nobility consisted of a privileged group of people, most of whom owned landed property, in the Kingdom of Hungary. Initially, a diverse category of people were mentioned as noblemen, but from the late 12th century only the high-ranking royal officials were regarded as noble. Most aristocrats claimed a late-9th- century Magyar leader for their ancestor; others were descended from foreign knights; and local Slavic chiefs were also integrated in the nobility.
These "baronies", as Matteo Villani recorded it around 1350, were "neither hereditary nor lifelong", but Charles rarely dismissed his most trusted barons. Each baron was required to hold his own banderium (or armed retinue), distinguished by his own banner. Insignia of the Order of Saint George In 1351, Charles's son and successor, Louis I confirmed all provisions of the Golden Bull, save the one that authorized childless noblemen to freely will their estates. Instead, he introduced an entail system, prescribing that childless noblemen's landed property "should descend to their brothers, cousins and kinsmen".
They also bought landed property and had acquired almost one-fifth of the estates of between by 1913. The most prominent Jewish burghers were awarded with nobilityHenrik Lévay, who established the first Hungarian insurance company, was ennobled in 1868 and received the title baron in 1897; Zsigmond Kornfeld, who was the "Hungarian financial and industrial giant of the age", was created baron. and there were 26 aristocratic families and 320 noble families of Jewish origin in 1918. Many of them converted to Christianity, but other nobles did not regard them as their peers.
This Janet Lauder made a Disposition of certain landed property close to Dunbar which she had inherited from her father. (Mss.Inventory of Charters 1625-45, No.326 at HM Register House) On 27 December 1641 she obtained a pass to travel from Castle Forbes to Trim, County Meath following the castle's fall to the rebel Irish. She signed an oath on 30 September 1642, relating to the struggle against the rebels. He was succeeded by his son and heir, Sir Arthur Forbes, 1st Earl of Granard, 2nd Bt., (b. 1623).
Over the next two centuries, some of its key documents, such as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, inspired campaigns for principles such as the abolition of slavery and universal suffrage. The Revolution ended Feudalism in France, emancipated individuals, promoted more equitable division of landed property, abolished the Nobility and created nominal equality of male citizens. Globally, it exported principles such as liberalism, Political radicalism, nationalism, and secularism, while its values and institutions dominate French politics to this day. Many historians regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.
Bamunka village practice patrilineal succession where children succeed their parents directly and only men may succeed men and women as well. Generally the son of a person who served the Fon or Kwifong in the palace is the one with priority over his brothers to succeed their father when he dies. In some rare cases a father is known to have named another son to succeed him and left out the one who served at the palace. The tradition is also that the one who succeeds takes all the landed and non landed property belonging to their late father.
The latter was however influenced by Filitti's ideas on the sources of landed property, and incorporated them into his own historical narrative. An early product of Filitti's interest in genealogy was a 1919 book about his relatives, the Cantacuzinos: Arhiva Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino ("The Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino Archive"). It refers to the documents collected by Cantacuzino-Nababul, whom the book describes as: "Good and kind, a self- effacing host, confident of the nation's faculties." Munteanu, Irina, "Conservatorul milionar", in Jurnalul Național, December 12, 2005 The author tracked down Nababul's origins to Michael "Șeytanoğlu" Kantakouzenos, a Byzantine Greek in Ottoman service, active around 1580.
His own court was staffed with foreign experts, among them Matteo Muriano and the Italian banker Dorino Cattaneo. However, as a "crusader" in the 1470s, Stephen encouraged the religious persecution and extortion of Gregorian Armenians, Jews, and Hussites, some of whom became supporters of the Ottoman Empire. In addition to his colonization policies, Stephen restored Crown lands that had been lost during the civil war that followed Alexander the Good's rule, either through buying or confiscating them. On the other hand, he granted much landed property to the Church and to the lesser noblemen who were the main supporters of the central government.
His familiaris and skilled diplomat, Benedict also visited the Neapolitan court several times in that period. It is possible that Ugrin turned against Andrew already in 1298, as he did not countersign the decrees of the national diet in that year, which aimed to destroy forts built without permission and ordered the punishment of those who had seized landed property with force. Ugrin did present neither before the king's judicial court in 1300, during a lawsuit regarding his former palace in Esztergom. Ugrin Csák's province among the oligarchs in early 14th century Andrew III died on 14 January 1301.
She was among the advocates of women's suffrage who pointed out that in earlier days, when the right to vote was tied to ownership of landed property, it had been common for women to vote. On 4 April 1893 Vincent was among a group of women who formed a lodge in the Masonic tradition headed by Maria Deraismes as Grand Master, Le Droit Humain (Human Right). The other founders included Maria Martin and Clémence Royer. On 5 September 1895 Marie Bonnevial founded the second lodge in Lyon, and other lodges were soon founded in other locations in France.
The only one Girls'High School of Jiaganj was started in 1937 at Bhattapara under the tenancy of Landowners (Zaminder): Priya Nath Bhatta & Manindra Nath Bhatta being patronized and founded by Rai Bahadur Surendra Narayan Singha. After that Rabi Sankar Bhatta of traditional member of Bhatta family of Bhattapara gifted his landed property in favour of Jiaganj S.N.Girls' High School for the extension of the construction of Higher Secondary Buildings. Jhunu Bhatta was the Ex-Head mistress for more than 37 years of this school also a daughter-in- law of the Bhatta Family. In Bhattapara was residence of several landlords from British India.
The first mention of Lapovo dates from the 12th century when Stefan Nemanja conquered region of Lepenica from Bizanthy. More accurate information about Lapovo's existence came after the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 while duke Mihailo or MIhalj was running the estate in today’s region of Lapovo. The Charter of Princess Milica from 1395 mentions landed property of Duke Mihajlo in Hlapova plain, Lapovo today, on the basis of which we can conclude that Lapovo is a village which has a medieval origin. After the liberation from the Turks, a rapid development of Lapovo began, primarily thanks to its favourable geostrategic position.
The family also acquired forts and towers in the nearby Margaret Island. Theodore Tengerdi was elected Bishop of Győr around April 1295. Therefore he was replaced as provost of Székesfehérvár by Gregory Bicskei still in that month, but, despite the aforementioned law, which legitimized a custom right, he retained the office of vice-chancellor until 1297, when Bicskei succeeded him in those dignity too. Theodore attended the diet in Pest in the summer of 1298, which authorized Andrew to destroy forts built without permission and ordered the punishment of those who had seized landed property with force.
Alleyn's connection with Dulwich began in 1605, when he bought the manor of Dulwich from Sir Francis Calton. The landed property, of which the entire estate had not passed into Alleyn's hands earlier than 1614, stretched from Sydenham Hill on whose summit now stands the Crystal Palace television transmission tower, to the crest of the parallel ridge, three miles nearer London, known in its several portions as Herne Hill, Denmark Hill and Champion Hill. Alleyn acquired this large property for little more than £35,000. He began the task of building and endowing the College of God's Gift at Dulwich.
Bukit Timah, often abbreviated as Bt Timah, is a planning area and residential estate located in the westernmost part of the Central Region of Singapore. Bukit Timah lies roughly from the Central Business District, bordering the Central Water Catchment to the north, Bukit Panjang to the northwest, Queenstown to the south, Tanglin to the southeast, Clementi to the southwest, Novena to the east and Bukit Batok to the west. Owing to its prime location, Bukit Timah has some of the densest clusters of luxury condominiums and landed property in the city, with very few public housing.
1724; d. at Ferrara, 24 May 1769), who had resigned a military career for a life of voluntary humiliation in a house of the Observants at Salamanca. Being urged to found a religious order, he assembled eight companions in community (8 March 1752) under a rule which he had drawn up the previous year, and for which he obtained the authorization of Benedict XIV. Like the Franciscans, the members take a vow to defend the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, and, like all mendicant orders, they derive their means of subsistence entirely from contributions and are forbidden the possession of landed property.
Arthur effected a cure in 1626, and received a fee of 51l. His success brought him the patronage of the lord deputy, Viscount Falkland. His entry-book also contains an exact record of his gradual accumulation of landed property, and also a few pieces in ponderous Latin verse. Among the latter is an ‘Anagramma physiognomicum in nomen Thomæ Wentworth, Proregis Hiberniæ, truculenti et nefarii hominis.’ But his greatest literary effort is a genealogical account, ‘Edylium genealogicum,’ of the family of Arthur, in Latin elegiacs, in which, besides the glory of his ancestors, he gives some particulars of his own life.
Furthermore, a man's legal status did not determine his economic position or occupation. Accordingly, it was not unusual for a freeman to serve in a lord's household without owning landed property nor for a servant to render military services to his lord in return for the lands he had received from him. Golden Bull of 1222 Distinctions between freemen and servants started to disappear in the 12th century, but in the early 13th century new borders were formed between those who rendered military services and those who only "did peasant work" (Pál Engel) .Engel 2001, p. 84.
Ecclesiastic nobles who owned landed property in the estates of the archbishops, bishops and other prelates of the realm emerged as a distinct group in the second half of the 13th century. They primarily owed military service to their lords. Ecclesiastic nobles in Slavonia sometime owned one or more villages, but those north of the river Dráva cultivated their "dwarf-holdings" themselves (Martyn Rady).Rady 2000, p. 83. The institution was abolished by decree in 1853. The nobles of Turopolje descended from castle warriors Zagreb County in Slavonia acquired special privileges, including the right to elect their judges in the 1270s.
It was named permanent because it fixed the land tax in perpetuity in return for landed property rights for zamindars; it simultaneously defined the nature of land ownership in the presidency and gave individuals and families separate property rights in occupied land. Since the revenue was fixed in perpetuity, it was fixed at a high level, which in Bengal amounted to £3 million at 1789–90 prices. According to one estimate, this was 20% higher than the revenue demand before 1757. Over the next century, partly as a result of land surveys, court rulings and property sales, the change was given practical dimension.
He was the son of Charles March- Phillipps of Garendon Hall, Leicestershire, and Harriet Ducarel, daughter of Gerald Gustavus Ducarel of Walford, Somerset. The de Lisle family of Leicestershire were originally the Phillippses from London. The Garendon estate, near Loughborough, was inherited by Thomas March who adopted the name Phillipps, and married Susan de Lisles. Their son, Charles, adopted the de Lisle crest and arms. Steady accumulation of landed property made him one of the ‘wealthiest commoners’ in England. When Charles March-Phillipps died in 1862, Ambrose took the additional name of Lisle, becoming Ambrose Charles Lisle March Phillipps de Lisle.
By administrative fiat, the Marinović cabinet established freedom of speech and the press, which was an important step in establishing parliamentary democracy. Nikola Krstić was working on changes in the press law for the Marinović Administration.At the session of the Serbian Parliament held on November 27, 1873, the Marinović government presented a set of far-reaching reform laws, including the law on the subsidization of industrial enterprises and the law of six days of land ploughing ("day" meaning a Serbian land measurement equivalent to 5,760 m2), as a minimal privately owned landed property protected from being sold or repossessed due to debts.
This form of address originally had connections with the ability of a Freiherr (Baron) to bequeath a family coat of arms and to hold landed property as allodial instead of a fief. The actual address is Euer Hochwohlgeboren ("Your High Well-born") and is the correct form of address not only German Freiherren but also Ritter and Edle. The title should not be confused with (Euer) Hochgeboren. This title ranks higher than Hochwohlgeboren and is the style of mediate Grafen (mediate Counts; immediate counts or Reichsgrafen are entitled to the address Erlaucht) and those Freiherren descending from the mediæval Uradel.
He was succeeded by his eldest and only surviving son, the fifth Earl. He had been the subject of a bitter custody battle between his father and his two maternal aunts (who had wanted him to be placed under the guardianship of his great-uncle the Duke of Wellington) and later fought a legal battle with his father over the sale of contents of the family seat Draycot House. Lord Mornington died unmarried in 1863 when the barony of Maryborough became extinct. He left all his landed property to his father's cousin Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley.
Having originally made his will bequeathing all his estates to his only sister Lady Victoria (who died unmarried in 1897), he made another will three weeks before his death, leaving all his landed property to his father's cousin Earl Cowley, then ambassador at Paris. In dismay Lady Victoria wrote to her cousin Walter Long of Rood Ashton House: 'my wish would have been that after our own immediate heirs, all Long property should have returned to your family as the elder branch'. He was succeeded as sixth Earl of Mornington by his cousin, the second Duke of Wellington.
Landed property was the essential foundation for public office, and Leveson was wealthy enough to secure such office very quickly after coming into his estates. In 1575 he was made a Justice of the Peace in Shropshire and within two years he was also a justice in Staffordshire. He was pricked High Sheriff of Shropshire for 1575-6, although it was not until 1586-7 that he became High Sheriff of Staffordshire. By then he had been appointed deputy to Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester in his position as Vice-Admiral of the Coast for North Wales.
As vice-chancellor, Apáti was draftsman of that law (later called ius aviticum), which confirmed all provisions of the Golden Bull of 1222, save the one that authorized childless noblemen to freely will their estates. The law introduced an entail system, which existed until the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, prescribing that childless noblemen's landed property "should descend to their brothers, cousins and kinsmen". His family was granted the land Kesző for Apáti's legislative role during the diet. However, Nicholas Vásári, the Archbishop of Esztergom objected against the king's decision, which resulted a lawsuit between the two prelates.
Millstatt Abbey About 1070 the Bavarian Count Palatine Aribo II and his brother Poto established Millstatt Abbey, a Benedictine monastery, in Millstatt including a donation of extensive landed property around the lake and estates in Salzburg and Friuli. Although no document is saved the first monks probably descended from Hirsau Abbey. The monastery church, now parish church of Christ the Savior and All Saints, was erected in the second quarter of the 12th century. It replaced an earlier church from the days of the Carolingian dynasty, of which some cut stone slabs remained in secondary utilization.
Adeshina also owned other landed property unoccupied at Calle Morales (later renamed Street Perdomo) valued at 300 pesos of gold. Its economically independent position suggested by the fact that the mortgage, as seen in the pages 492, No. 32, November 12, 1900; and No. 1600 of the City of Rule, Province of Havana, were related to urban properties. As a result of Adeshina's significant social connections, prominent Cuban elites witnessed his marriage on October 26, 1891, including Matanzas Francisca Burlet, a white businessman, a magistrate, a pharmacist and a butler. In the marriage certificate, his birth date is stated as 1816.
With the loss of earnings from Brazil, dependence on the state became attractive for the leisure class, who feared competition from the neo- aristocrats and supported traditionally rigid social divisions. It was at this time that titles of 'Baron' and 'Viscount' multiplied among the landed property owners,Livermore 2004, p. 31 many of them hereditary, but many others being limited to the life of the beneficiary receiving rents from the state or engaged in the corrupt politics of the time. The territorial aristocracy acquired the habit of spending the winters in Lisbon, staying in their manor houses (solars) only in summer.
Because the Jews were burdened with heavy payments as "atonement" for the damage done by the SA and antisemitic mobs during Kristallnacht, the selling off of Jewish property was only a question of time. On 3 December 1938, the value of Jewish landed property was frozen at the lowest level, and valuables and jewels were permitted to be sold only through state offices. The impoverishment of the Jewish population caused by Aryanization often stood in the way of its goal — of promoting emigration through persecution — because those affected lacked the means to emigrate. They became victims of the Final Solution.
Drew, (1988a:7) Among other features, a widow was entitled to a life interest in a third of her husband's landed property: this may have been the prototype of the analogous institution of dower in early English law. If a man betrothed a young woman and her parents later refused, they were liable to return four-fold the bride-price. But if she refused of her own accord, or if the wedding was not celebrated within two years, she could be re-engaged without penalty. If the man broke off the engagement, he got no refund.
Beside his position of Master of the treasury, Dominic was made ispán of Somogy County around December 1297, serving in that capacity at least until October 1299, when he became ispán of Nógrád County. Historian Tamás Kádár argues, he retained both offices after Andrew's death. Andrew III held an assembly of the prelates, noblemen, Saxons, Székelys, and Cumans in Pest in the summer of 1298. Its decrees authorized Andrew to destroy forts built without permission and ordered the punishment of those who had seized landed property with force, but also threatened Andrew with excommunication if he did not apply the decrees.
The institution was rocked by scandals between its Conservative and National Liberal managers—when Sturdza stepped down in March 1906, Kalinderu became his replacement.Bacalbașa III, p. 113 His belief in self-help and his defense of landed-property rights against another land reform were highlighted after the peasants' revolt of 1907, during which his own estate at Schitu-Greci was ransacked. At the Progress in Forestry Society, he condemned the peasants' belief that "the state has a duty to provide them with land", and insisted that the root cause of the revolt was their failure to accept modernity and practicality.
Thus one became a gatekeeper, another helped at harvest time to reap corn, a third assisted at some menial work, and at the end of the year was presented with two pairs of shoes. For the maintenance of the hospital the founder bestowed on it grants of land, farms, manors and messuages which were subsequently supplemented by further bequests made by royal and other donors. Some of these lands lay in the neighbourhood of God's House while other landed property was situated further afield — at Stoneham, West End, Botley, also in Portsmouth, Dorset, and the Isle of Wight.
The first constituent in Harrington's theoretical argument states that the determining element of power in a state is property, particularly property in land. The second is that the executive power ought not to be vested for any considerable time in the same man, men, or class of men. In accordance with the first of these, Harrington recommends an agrarian law, limiting holdings of land to the amount yielding a revenue of £2000, and consequently insisting on particular modes of distributing landed property. As a practical issue of the second he lays down the rule of rotation by ballot.
Corvinus' successor, Vladislaus II, and Vladislaus' son, Louis II, started to formally reward important persons of their government with the hereditary title of baron. Differences of the nobles' wealth increased in the second half of the 15th century. About 30 families owned more than a quarter of the territory of the kingdom when Corvinus died in 1490. Average magnates held about 50 villages, but the regular division of inherited landed property could cause the impoverishment of aristocratic families.Stephen Bánffy of Losonc held 68 villages in 1459, but the same villages were divided among his 14 descendants in 1526.
Its territory, Warmia, was incorporated into the newly formed Prussian province of East Prussia in 1773. Calvinist King Frederick II of Prussia confiscated the landed property of the Roman Catholic prince-bishopric and assigned it to the Kriegs- und Domänenkammer in Königsberg.Max Töppen's Historisch-comparative Geographie von Preussen In return he made up for the enormous debts of then Prince-Bishop Ignacy Krasicki. By the Treaty of Warsaw (18 September 1773), King Frederick II guaranteed the free exercise of religion for the Catholics, so the religious body of the Roman Catholic diocese continued to exist, known since 1992 as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia.
Blinkhorn 2008, p. 231 The 5 years spend in the Cortes marked the climax of Lamamié's career; though member of minor groupings, he became a nationally recognizable figure due to his oratory skills, vehemence and engagement in heated plenary debates. His parliamentary career was marked by two threads: opposition to republican agrarian policy and opposition to advanced secular format of the state. Lamamiéallegedly with José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones, Lamamie was one of “dos personajes de enorme relevancia en el campo político conservador” in the province; Blinkhorn 2008, p. 65 “emerged as the most ardent Catholic opponent of state interference with the distribution of landed property”Blinkhorn 2008, p.
Under these new laws Catholics were excluded from Parliament, from the bench and bar, from the army and navy, from all civil offices, from the corporations, and even from the corporate towns. They could not have Catholic schools at home or attend foreign schools, or inherit landed property, or hold land under lease, or act as executors or administrators, or have arms or ammunition, or a horse worth £5. Neither could they bury their dead in Catholic ruins, or make pilgrimages to holy wells, or observe Catholic holidays. They could not intermarry with the Protestants, the clergyman assisting at such marriages being liable to death.
During the 20th century, the power of rural landowners and the public's interest in buying books about them largely disappeared. Few of the families in the books still own country estates, a rare example being the Fulfords at Great Fulford near Dunsford in Devon who were mentioned in the 2012 TV series "Country House Rescue" and were described in Burke's Landed Gentry as having lived there since the reign of King Richard I (1189–1199).Fulford BLG, 1937, p.847 Until 1914, possession of landed property was a strict requirement; if a family sold or lost its estates, it was no longer included in Burke's Landed Gentry.
Under the English common law system, which dates to the later medieval period, daughters and younger sons were usually excluded from landed property if no will was produced. Under English common law, there was a system where a wife with a living husband ("feme couvert") could own little property in her own name.Elizabeth M. Craik, Marriage and property, Aberdeen 1984 Unable to easily support herself, marriage was very important to most women's economic status. This problem has been dealt with extensively in literature, where the most important reason for women's limited power was the denial of equal education and equal property rights for females.
Bruno Mahlknecht (2006). Bozen durch die Jahrhunderte. Vol. 2. Bozen: Athesia, pg. 52–62. Cover page of the urbarium of the parish church from 1453–1460 (Early New High German) An urbarium of the parish church exists from the middle 15th century (1453–1460) in which the then church caretaker Christof Hasler the Elder registered the landed property and legal titles of the parish church. The manuscript is housed in the Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire de Strasbourg, where it ended up in 1871.Hannes Obermair (2005). „Hye ein vermerkt Unser lieben frawn werch ...“: Das Urbar und Rechtsbuch der Marienpfarrkirche Bozen von 1453/60. (= bz.
Aditya Umayamma in turn donated what she received— the proprietary rights and the landed property of the Ayirur Temple — to Chengannur Temple as a subordinate property (kizhitu) with provision for the routine expenditure and the payment of protection fee (rakshabhoga) to the village assembly secretaries (potuvals). The village assembly secretaries (potuvals) were to protect the Ayirur Temple and its property and receive 200 para (a unit of measure) of paddy per year as protection fee (rakshabhoga). Fine is prescribed — those who violated the agreement by obstructing cultivation or confiscating property in the kizhitu, and their accomplices, were to pay 200 kalanju (a unit of measure) of gold as fine.
The self-will of Grand Duke Konstantin and the infraction of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland, together with the rise of secret societies, led to the November Uprising (1830-1831). The intensification of Russification occurred after the aforesaid uprising failed, leading to the abolishment of the Constitution of 1815 (granting the Kingdom of Poland national autonomy). In 1832, with the implementation of the Organic Statute of the Kingdom of Poland, the Sejm was liquidated along with the Kingdom's armed forces, Russian institutions and law was implemented and any aide to the November Uprising had their landed property seized. Martial law was implemented in 1833.
He disagrees with Smith's distinction between a landlord and a capitalist, claiming that the character of landed property has been transformed from feudal times so that society is now divided into only two classes - workers and capitalists. He further criticizes the conception of labor found in the classical economists on grounds that their conceptions are superficial and abstract. Marx argues that the classical economists start with a fictional primordial state that takes concepts such as private property, exchange and competition as facts, without seeing a need to explain them. Marx believes he has offered a more coherent account that addresses the connection and the history of these factors.
Construction of the present- day Presidential Palace in Warsaw was begun in 1643 by Crown Great Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, owner of the town of Brody (80 km. east of Lwów) and of numerous latifundia situated in Poland's eastern borderlands; hence the palace's first name was "Pałac Koniecpolskich"—the "Koniecpolski Palace". It was said that he owned so much landed property that he could cross the breadth of the Commonwealth while spending every night in one of his own manors. The palace was not completed in the Hetman's lifetime, as he died unexpectedly in 1646 at his Brody residence, a few weeks after taking a young wife.
François Victor Alphonse Aulard François Victor Alphonse Aulard (19 July 1849 – 23 October 1928) was the first professional French historian of the French Revolution and of Napoleon. His major achievement was to institutionalise and professionalise the practice of history in France. He argued: :From the social point of view, the Revolution consisted in the suppression of what was called the feudal system, in the emancipation of the individual, in greater division of landed property, the abolition of the privileges of noble birth, the establishment of equality, the simplification of life. [...] The French Revolution differed from other revolutions in being not merely national, for it aimed at benefiting all humanity.
Aimery realized that the treasury of Cyprus was almost empty, because his brother had granted most landed property in the island to his supporters, according to Ernoul. He summoned his vassals to an assembly. After emphasizing that each of them owned more land than he had, he persuaded them one by one "either by force, or by friendship, or by agreement" to surrender some their rents and lands. The Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VI, who authorized the coronation of Aimery in exchange after Aimery acknowledged his suzerainty Aimery dispatched an embassy to Pope Celestine III, asking him to set up Roman Catholic dioceses in Cyprus.
65–66 Instead of concentrated private ownership of land, Marx recommends that economies of scale should instead be realized by associations: :Association, applied to land, shares the economic advantage of large-scale landed property, and first brings to realization the original tendency inherent in land-division, namely, equality. In the same way association re-establishes, now on a rational basis, no longer mediated by serfdom, overlordship and the silly mysticism of property, the intimate ties of man with the earth, for the earth ceases to be an object of huckstering, and through free labor and free enjoyment becomes once more a true personal property of man.
In 1097-98 the abbey was rebuilt by Count Ulrich of Bregenz, its "Vogt" (secular administrator and protector) and his wife, Bertha of Rheinfelden, and re-settled by monks from Petershausen Abbey near Konstanz. During the 12th and 13th centuries the abbey acquired much landed property; by the middle of the 16th century it had the right of patronage for sixty-five parishes. During the Reformation the abbey was a strong support of Roman Catholicism in Vorarlberg. In particular Ulrich Mötz, later abbot, exerted much influence in the Bregenz Forest by his preaching against the spread of religious innovations while he was provost of Lingenau (1515–33).
He was caught, and then tried on 6 October 1164 at a royal court on different charges of failing to adequately address a suit brought against him by nobleman John Marshal about lands that Becket had confiscated. Once at the council, Becket was found guilty of ignoring the court summons and under pressure from the bishops, accepted the sentence of confiscation of all non-landed property pending the pleasure of the king. However, the original dispute over John Marshal's lands was decided in the archbishop's favour. The king then brought further charges and asked for an accounting of Becket's spending while the archbishop had been chancellor.
Article II confirmed many old privileges of the nobility, stressing that all nobles were equal and should enjoy personal security and the right to property. Article III stipulated that the earlier Free Royal Cities Act (Miasta Nasze Królewskie Wolne w Państwach Rzeczypospolitej), of 18 (or 21) April 1791, was integral to the Constitution. Personal securityneminem captivabimus, the Polish version of habeas corpuswas extended to townspeople (including Jews). Townspeople also gained the right to acquire landed property and became eligible for military officers' commissions and public offices, such as reserved seats in the Sejm and seats in the executive commissions of the Treasury, Police, and Judiciary.
They thus had the entire control of the administration, and were the sole dispensers of justice in the state. At this latter privilege, which perhaps formed the strongest bulwark of the authority of the Eupatridae, a severe blow was struck (c. 621 BC) by the publication of a criminal code by Draco, which was followed by the more detailed and permanent code of Solon (c. 594 BC), who further threw open the highest offices to any citizen possessed of a certain amount of landed property, thus putting the claims of the Eupatridae to political influence on a level with those of the wealthier citizens of all classes.
They argued that this type of property ownership constituted a "stake in society", which entitles men to political power. In contrast, Levellers argued that all men who are not servants, alms-recipients or beggars should be considered as property owners and be given voting rights. They believed that political freedom could only be secured by individuals, such as craftsmen, engaging in independent economic activity. Levellers were primarily concerned with the civil and political rights of small-scale property owners and workers, whereas the Diggers, a smaller revolutionary group led by Gerard Winstanley, focused on the rights of the rural poor who worked on landed property.
King's College was then famous for the study of music; Preston chose 'the noblest but hardest instrument, the lute', but made little progress. In 1606 he migrated to Queens' College, where he had as tutor Oliver Bowles, B.D. Creswell had left him the reversion of some landed property, and he thought of a diplomatic career. With this view he entered into treaty with a merchant, who arranged for his spending some time in Paris, but on this merchant's death the arrangement fell through. Preston then turned to the study of philosophy, in which he was encouraged by Porter, who succeeded Bowles as his tutor.
In the second twelfth month monks led by the Dragna Choje ('), rituals master of Drepung, performed the rites of protection, aversion, liberating and suppression based on the deity Jampal Mei Putri ('). The idea of the rebels being bought off with landed property recurred again. Rumours circulated that Norbu would probably be given Khartse (') fort in Phenyul (') and that of Maldro Gungkar (') would go to Ngodrup. A negotiated settlement seemed to be on the cards, when all of a sudden it is simply stated that Norbu and Ngodrup, after handing over the fort to the commanders of the government forces, left for Samdrup Dechen (') in Dam.
The Bohemian Chronicle of Václav Hájek records Slaný as having been founded in 750, at the site of a salt spring below Slánská Hill (slaný is Czech for "salty"). The town grew as a result of its location on the trade route between Prague and Saxony. The Benedictines established a hospital here in 1136, together with a church dedicated to St. Gotthard. It was this large presence of the church, and the unconsolidated state of landed property that went with it, that allowed king Wenceslas II to charter Slaný as a town and give his royal assent to its Magdeburg rights only sometime in the decade after 1295.
A man who lived in his own house on his own estates was described as living "in the way of nobles", in contrast with those who did not own landed property and lived "in the way of peasants". A verdict of 1346 declared that a noble woman who was given in marriage to a commoner should receive her inheritance "in the form of an estate in order to preserve the nobility of the descendants born of the ignoble marriage". Her husband was also regarded noblemena noble by his wifeaccording to the local customs of certain counties. The peasants' legal position had been standardized in almost the entire kingdom by the 1350s.
After carrying out his religious mission for well over 50 years, Baba died in 1762 CE. He was succeeded by Mahant Nirmal Chand who continued his work. During the times of sixth Mahant Baba Darshan Dass, a British Divisional Commissioner visited the Dera. Impressed by Mahant's personality as well as the Dera- complex and the free-kitchen service (Langar), the Commissioner attached 3000 acres (12 km²) of agricultural land as fief to the shrine (Baba Bhuman Shah by Sant Chandra Swami). Total landed property in the name of Shrine grew well over 18,000 acres (73 km²) of agricultural land (cf: 18700 acres (76 km²) in the name of Gurudwara Sri Nankana Sahib in Sheikhupura).
During his stay in Vienna, he was collecting documents about Dubrovnik's 17th century diplomat – Stjepan Gradić. He continued collecting Serbian epic poetry, which he had started in his youth, and in 1863 he spent the holidays in Mostar, listening to the epic poets gathered around the newly built orthodox church. As early as 1866, he conducted in all the regions of the Balkans a sociological inquiry with many questions concerning the forms of landed property in the country, the social structure of the village, customs, institutions and family community, etc. Using this data, he particularly worked out in detail the problem of direct observation, the comparative methods, the volume of use of statistics and the analysis of documents.
This same standard of conduct did not apply to non-knights (archers, peasants, foot- soldiers, etc.) who were often slaughtered after capture, and who were viewed during battle as mere impediments to knights' getting to other knights to fight them.See Marcia L. Colish, The Mirror of Language: A Study in the Medieval Theory of Knowledge; University of Nebraska Press, 1983. p. 105. Chivalry developed as an early standard of professional ethics for knights, who were relatively affluent horse owners and were expected to provide military services in exchange for landed property. Early notions of chivalry entailed loyalty to one's liege lord and bravery in battle, similar to the values of the Heroic Age.
Between 1796 and 1815, although the structures of the boards of direction and their denominations were changed, in Persiceto mostly the same families did the same civil service: they were clearly fit for adaptation. Within the same years the feudal privileges and the tithe were abolished, the pieces of land belonging to the Church were forfeited and the landed property was accumulated. The rice culture, with its following crisis of the sharecropping system, was expanded and so did even the agricultural day-labourers. With the restoration of the Papal rule remarkable works for the improvement of the "Castle" were started and in 1838 Pope Gregory XVI bestowed the title of city on San Giovanni.
He confirmed the privileges of the Pechenegs who lived in their village in Csanád County, stating that they had "the duty to bear arms according to ancient custom." After the conquest of Vidin in Bulgaria in 1365, Louis I decided to convert the local Orthodox population into Roman Catholicism. His chronicler, John of Küküllő, also recorded that Louis I ordered the nobles and townspeople of Keve and Krassó Counties to gather the local "Slavic together with their children, wives and all their possession" to be again baptized according to Catholic rite. According to a royal charter issued in 1428, Louis I also decreed that only Catholic noblemen were allowed to own landed property in the region of Caransebeș.
Jenkyn was the eldest son of William Jenkyn (d. 1618), vicar of All Saints', Sudbury, Suffolk, born at Sudbury and baptised at All Saints' Church in December 1613. His father, son of a gentleman of landed property at Folkestone, Kent, had been disinherited for his Puritanism. His mother was daughter of Richard Rogers of Wethersfield, Essex. On his father's death his grandfather sent for him to Folkestone; when he was nine years old his mother, who had remarried, claimed him, gave him a good education, and sent him to St John's College, Cambridge, where he matriculated on 3 July 1628. He graduated B.A. 1632, migrated to Emmanuel College in 1634, and graduated M.A. 1635.
In "Theories of Surplus Value" (written 1862-1863), he states "...that interest (in contrast to industrial profit) and rent (that is the form of landed property created by capitalist production itself) are superfetations (i.e., excessive accumulations) which are not essential to capitalist production and of which it can rid itself. If this bourgeois ideal were actually realisable, the only result would be that the whole of the surplus-value would go to the industrial capitalist directly, and society would be reduced (economically) to the simple contradiction between capital and wage-labour, a simplification which would indeed accelerate the dissolution of this mode of production." > Hence the extraordinary growth of a class, or rather, of a stratum of > rentiers, i.e.
In Internationalisation of Capital and the Nation State (1971) Murray argued that the internationalisation of capital weakened the political power of the nation state. His theses in this article were criticised at the time by Bill Warren, who found in particular Murray's discussion of "territorial non-coincidence" unconvincing. With Murray advocating the view that ultra-imperialism was displacing national capitalisms, and Warren instead claiming that imperialism was being replaced by those capitalisms, Robert Rowthorn took an intermediate view, predicting a future of nationalist rivalries. In two papers from 1977 on Value and Theory of Rent, Murray worked with the assumption that Karl Marx's theory of differential and absolute ground rent applies generally to landed property, of whatever kind.
The 13th century saw the founding and rapid spread of the Dominicans in 1216 and the Franciscans in 1210, two of the principal mendicant orders, who supported themselves not, as the monasteries did, by rent on landed property, but by work and the charitable aid of others.Encyclopædia Britannica, "Mendicant" Both these institutes had vows of poverty but, while for the Franciscans poverty was an aim in itself, the Dominicans, treating poverty as a means or instrument, were allowed to own their churches and convents.Anne Derbes, Mark Sidona, The Cambridge Companion to Giotto (Cambridge University Press 2003 ), p. 105 Similar institutes that appeared at about the same time were the Augustinians, Carmelites and Servites.
Arms of St Aubyn: Ermine, on a cross sable five bezants Sir John St Aubyn, 4th Baronet (1726–1772),Risdon, p.400 was the son of Sir John St Aubyn, 3rd Baronet (1696–1744) by his wife Catherine Morice, sister and in her issue co-heoress of Sir William Morice, 3rd Baronet (-1750). The son of the 4th Baronet was Sir John St Aubyn, 5th Baronet (1758–1839), the owner of the estate in 1810 when it was stated of his inheritance of Stoke Damerel and Mount Wise: "The value of this property has probably increased as much as that of any landed property of its extent in the kingdom".Risdon, 1810 Additions, p.
During this time he came in close contact of Murshid Quli Khan and secured his confidence. Which is why the naib (later ruler of Bengal) trusted him and let him set up the dynasty. Just a few zamindars controlled half of the total landed property of Bengal and in 1793 British East India company has abolished Nizamat (local rule by nawabs appointed y the Mughal emperor) and has taken complete control of the province of Bengal. The colonial state viewed these princely zamindaris as potential threats to the security of the new state, because their power were so great that they could at any opportune moment combine and put the colonial state in great jeopardy.
The phrase was first used in passing by Sir Boyle Roche in a speech to the Irish House of Commons on 20 February 1782. George Ogle MP used it on 6 February 1786 in a debate on falling land values, saying that "When the landed property of the Kingdom, when the Protestant Ascendancy is at stake, I cannot remain silent." Then on 20 January 1792 Dublin Corporation approved by majority vote a resolution to George III that included this line: "We feel ourselves peculiarly called upon to stand forward in the crisis to pray your majesty to preserve the Protestant ascendancy in Ireland inviolate ....". The Corporation's resolution was a part of the debate over Catholic emancipation.
His first appointment at the Temple was as junior clerk to the deputy remembrancer. Bacon rose to become the senior clerk in 1778 and the receiver in 1782, a position which he held until 1816. With these offices he combined the duties of treasurer to the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy. He obtained the leasehold interest, under the Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral and chapter of St. Paul's, of the manor of Whetstone, or Friern Barnet, and when the Land Tax Redemption Act authorised them to effect a sale of their landed property, he purchased the reversion of the manor-house and the whole of their estate in the parish of Friern Barnet.
In this year, "the nobles of all Hungary, called royal servants" persuaded Béla IV and his son, Stephen, to hold an assembly and confirm their collective privileges. Other groups of land-holding warriors could also be called nobles, but they were always distinguished from the true noblemen. The Vlach noble knezes who had landed property in the Banate of Severin were obliged to fight in the army of the ban (or royal governor). Most warriors known as the noble sons of servants were descended from freemen or liberated serfs who received estates from Béla IV in Upper Hungary on the condition that they were to jointly equip a fixed number of knights.
Louis introduced a new system of land grants, excluding the grantee's brothers and other kinsmen from the donation in contrast with customary law: such estates escheated to the Crown if the grantee's last male descendants died. On the other hand, Louis often "promoted a daughter to a son", that is authorized a daughter to inherit her father's estates, although customary law prescribed that the landed property of a deceased nobleman who had no sons was to be inherited by his kinsmen. Louis often granted this privilege to the wives of his favorites. Louis also frequently authorized landowners to apply capital punishment in their estates, limiting the authority of the magistrates of the counties.
Saxon and Székely leaders were occasionally invited to Torda to attend the general assemblies, which enabled the leaders of the three nations to coordinate their actions. The towns, located in the counties, could hardly compete with the large Saxon centers. Kolozsvár was granted the right to buy landed property from the noblemen or other landowners in 1370, but its burghers were regarded as peasants by the bishops of Transylvania and the abbots of Kolozsmonostor Abbey, who forced them to pay the ninth (a seigneurial tax) on their vineyards until 1409. The merchants from Kolozsvár, Dés and other Transylvanian towns were exempted from internal levies, but the noblemen often ignored that privilege, forcing the merchants to pay duties while travelling across their domains.
Selous returned to Africa to take part in the First Matabele War of 1893 and was wounded during the advance on Bulawayo. It was during this advance that he first met fellow scout Frederick Russell Burnham, who had only just arrived in Africa and who continued on with the small scouting party to Bulawayo and observed the self- destruction of the Ndebele settlement as ordered by Lobengula. Selous returned to England, married, and in 1896 he returned to Africa with his wife and settled on a landed property in Essexvale, Matabeleland, overlooking the Ncema River.The outline of the foundations of his house there can be viewed on Google Earth at map reference , approximately five metres north of the track perched 80 feet above the Ncema River.
Later he became a landed property speculator and merchant, successively in partnership with Fergusson Brothers & Co., Oswald Seal & Co. and Tulloh & Co. In these three firms he was said to have lost some thirty Lakh of rupees. He was involved in exporting indigo, silk, sugar, rice, and saltpeter to Europe, and importing iron and cotton-piece goods from England.Chakrabarty, Dipesh, The Colonial context of the Bengal Renaissance: A Note On Early Railway Thinking In Bengal, in Indian Economic and Social History Review, Vol. XI, No. 1, March 1974 Seal acquired a number of cargo boats, which were then new to the market, and used old flour mills to ship tons of biscuits to Australia for the first emigrants to its newly discovered gold fields.
There is no precise definition of "great house", and the understanding of varies between countries. In England, while most villages would have a manor house since time immemorial, originally home of the lord of the manor and sometimes referred to as "the big house", not all would have anything as lavish as a traditional English country house, one of the traditional markers of an established "county" family that derived at least a part of its income from landed property. Stately homes, even rarer and more expensive, were associated with the nobility, not the gentry. Many mansions were demolished in the 20th century; families that had previously split their time between their country house and their town house found the maintenance of both too expensive.
St. John's Church Archaeological excavations date back to the Late Bronze Age (1200-1000 BC), when the Millstätter Berg plateau was settled by Illyrian, later also Celtic tribes, who had moved into the area from the northwestern Balkans. In the Roman province of Noricum (from 16 BC), a Roman road led along the Millstätter Berg slopes from the local capital Teurnia towards the Turracher Höhe Pass. During the Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps from the 6th century AD in the Principality of Carantania, several settlements arose on the plateau, which came under Bavarian and Frankish influence in the late 8th century. When about 1070 the Bavarian Aribonids established Millstatt Abbey, they vested it with extensive landed property, probably including a church in Obermillstatt ("Upper Millstatt").
According to economic historian Jan De Vries, Venice's economic power in the Mediterranean had declined significantly by the start of the 17th century. De Vries attributes this decline to the loss of the spice trade, a declining uncompetitive textile industry, competition in book publishing due to a rejuvenated Catholic Church, the adverse impact of the Thirty Years' War on Venice's key trade partners, and the increasing cost of cotton and silk imports to Venice. In 1606, a conflict between Venice and the Holy See began with the arrest of two clerics accused of petty crimes, and with a law restricting the Church's right to enjoy and acquire landed property. Pope Paul V held that these provisions were contrary to canon law, and demanded that they be repealed.
The owner of a lordship of the manor can be described as [Personal Name], Lord/Lady of the Manor of [Placename], sometimes shortened to Lord or Lady of [Placename].Time Traveller's Handbook: A guide to the past published by Ontario Genealogical Society & Dundurn Press In modern times any person may choose to use a name that is not the property of another. Under English common law a person may choose to be known by any name he sees fit as long as it is not done to commit fraud or evade an obligation; such changes are often made by deed poll (a deed of declaration of change of name). A manorial lordship is not a noble title, but a semi-extinct form of landed property.
Terminalia was an ancient Roman festival in honour of the god Terminus, who presided over boundaries. His statue was merely a stone or post stuck in the ground to distinguish between properties. His worship is said to have been instituted by Numa who ordered that every one should mark the boundaries of his landed property by stones to be consecrated to Jupiter Terminalis, and at which every year sacrifices were to be offered at the festival of the Terminalia.Dionysius, Roman Antiquities II, 74 On the festival the two owners of adjacent property crowned the statue with garlands and raised a crude altar, on which they offered up some corn, honeycombs, and wine, and sacrificed a lambHorace, Epodes II.59 or a suckling pig.
The United Kingdom and the United States both held political and economic interests in Latin America, whose economy developed based on external dependence. Rather than solely relying on agricultural exportation, this new system promoted internal development and relied on regional common markets, banking capital, interest rates, taxes, and growing capital at the expense of labor and the peasant class. The Central American Crisis was, in part, a reaction by the lower classes of Latin American society to unjust land tenure, labor coercion, and unequal political representation. Landed property had taken hold of the economic and political landscape of the region, giving large corporations much influence over the region and thrusting formerly self-sufficient farmers and lower-class workers into hardship.
Vizsoly Bible: the Hungarian translation of the Bible, published with Sigismund's support Being the guardian of the minor Mágóchys, and the husband of their mother, Sigismund took possession of their properties, including the domain of Munkács. He employed knezes who gathered colonists to establish new villages on his new estates. He reinvested his income, either lending money to the royal treasury, or buying new landed property. Sigismund was made the captain of the fortress of Eger in 1588 at the initiative of the king's brother, Ernest. The Diet had demanded the appointment of a Hungarian nobleman to command Eger since 1580, and his loyalty to the king was unquestionable. Count Nogarola, the supreme commander of Upper Hungary, installed Sigismund on 29 June.
Although possibly a later invention, this story may suggest that Bardanes planned his revolt beforehand.; ; ; , Note #4 . Aside from any personal ambition, Bardanes was also a member of the landed aristocracy and a devoted iconophile who supported Empress Irene's regime. He has therefore also been seen as the representative of the opposition by the traditional elites to Nikephoros's policies, both in the confessional area, where the Emperor maintained a carefully neutral stance towards both iconoclasts and iconophiles, and in the socio-financial sphere, where new taxes on landed property and the expropriation of ecclesiastical estates hurt their interests.. Historian Warren Treadgold further suggested that the revolt was a reaction against Nikephoros's usurpation and aimed, at least ostensibly, at the restoration of Irene.
Lands and endowments were not offered for sale, let alone auctioned; instead the government responded to applications for purchase, of which had indeed been a continual flood ever since the process of dissolution got under way. Many applicants had been founders or patrons of the relevant houses, and could expect to be successful subject to paying the standard market rate of twenty years' income. Purchasers were predominantly leading nobles, local magnates and gentry; with no discernible tendency in terms of conservative or reformed religion, other than a determination to maintain and extend their family's position and local status. The landed property of the former monasteries included large numbers of manorial estates, each carrying the right and duty to hold a court for tenants and others.
Since the middle of the 12th century the Papal chamberlain (') was a regular member of the Curia, entrusted with the financial management of the papal court. At that early period the income of the papal treasury came chiefly from many kinds of census, dues, and tributes paid in from the territory subject to the Pope, and from churches and monasteries immediately dependent on him. Cencius Camerarius (later Pope Honorius III, 1216-27) made in 1192 a new inventory of all these sources of papal revenue, known as the Liber Censuum. The previous list dated back to Gelasius I (492-496) and Gregory I (590-604), and was based on lists of the incomes accruing from the patrimonies, or landed property of the Roman Church.
After her brother Wulfing II was killed in the Siege of Zadar (1346) and left no male heirs, King Louis granted the status of a son to Elizabeth in 1347, authorizing her to inherit her father's landed property. As a result of this, Szécsényi acquired the castle of Ecseg and other estates through his wife, which after then belonged to the Hollókő lordship (and soon it was demolished by the Szécsényis themselves). The couple had three sons: Frank, Nicholas I and Simon. Frank and Simon became notable barons during the reign of Sigismund of Luxembourg, who continued to expand family wealth and held important dignities, while Nicholas, who owned the village of Cered, was last mentioned in 1383, possibly died around that year.
Many of these, especially the Scots-Irish or their descendants, emigrated to the American colonies, particularly in the eighteenth century before the American War of Independence. Under the Penal Laws, which were in force between the 17th and 19th centuries (although enforced with varying degrees of severity), Roman Catholic recusants in Great Britain and Ireland were barred from holding public office, while in Ireland they were also barred from entry to the University of Dublin and from professions such as law, medicine, and the military. The lands of the recusant Roman Catholic landed gentry who refused to take the prescribed oaths were largely confiscated during the Plantations of Ireland. The rights of Roman Catholics to inherit landed property were severely restricted.
Arms of Strode of Newnham in Devon Richard Strode (22 May 1528 – 5 August 1581), of Newnham, in the parish of Plympton St Mary in Devon, was an English Member of Parliament for Plympton Erle in 1553 and 1559. He later served as escheator for Devon and Cornwall from 1565–1566. He was the eldest son of William Strode of Newnham, Devon and Elizabeth, daughter of Philip Courtenay. He married, on 11 November 1560, Frances (died 7 February 1562), daughter of Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell and Elizabeth Seymour by whom he had a son: William Strode (1562–1637) Strode died on 5 August 1581, two years after his father, leaving landed property worth over £60 per annum to his son and heir, William, then aged nineteen.
He assembled and published many key primary sources. He professionalized scholarship in the field, moving away from the literary multi-volume studies aimed at an upscale general public, promoting special political ideals, that had characterized writing on the Revolution before the 1880s. Instead his work was aimed at fellow scholars and researchers. His broad interpretation argued: :From the social point of view, the Revolution consisted in the suppression of what was called the feudal system, in the emancipation of the individual, in greater division of landed property, the abolition of the privileges of noble birth, the establishment of equality, the simplification of life.... The French Revolution differed from other revolutions in being not merely national, for it aimed at benefiting all humanity.
Brafman also took aim at the Talmud, claiming that the Jews, using Talmudic principles, would exclude adherents of other religions from trade and industry and themselves accumulate all capital and landed property. Brafman's works, which included the idea of a secret Jewish shadow government and the aspects of an internationally orchestrated "conspiracy" against all Christian nations, crossing over with masonic involvement, provided an essential framework for what would become The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, authored by agents of the Okhrana at the turn of the 20th century. Brafman was particularly well received by conservative Slavophiles in Russia. Vsevolod Krestovsky, one of the most widely read Russian writers of the day, was inspired by Brafman to write a trilogy of novels; The Darkness of Egypt, Tamara Bendavid and The Triumph of Baal.
In 1297, Lodomer still referred to Paul Szécs as "usurper" of some goods which lawfully ought to belong to the Bakonybél Abbey. By 1297, the relationship between Andrew III and the infamous oligarch Matthew III Csák worsened and the King deprived him of his office of Palatine. Matthew, who ruled de facto independently the north-western counties, turned against Andrew and thus expanded his influence along the Zsitva (Žitava) river, while defeated the Forgács branch of the Hont-Pázmány clan. The assembly of the prelates, noblemen, Saxons, Székelys, and Cumans in Pest in the summer of 1298 mentioned "the laxity of the lord king" and accepted decrees authorized Andrew to destroy forts built without permission and ordered the punishment of those who had seized landed property with force.
A representation of a Dominican Friar The Friary was founded during Alexander de Stavenby's reign as Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield between the years 1224 and 1238. It was constructed to the west of the town of Derby, just outside the town walls, in the parish of St. Werburgh, and dedicated to "The Annunciation of Our Lady". The friars were known as "The Friar Preachers of Derby", as brethren of the Dominican Order believed in going out and preaching to the public, rather than cloistering and secluding themselves as other monastic orders did. Houses of the order were also forbidden from holding landed property, other than the sites upon which their priories were constructed; the friary did not, therefore, attract the same sizable landed donations as other monastic establishments in Derbyshire.
One hermit Andrew granted landed property to the Arad Chapter in Besen, Karád and Rád villages in Somogy County during the reign of Béla the Blind. The Arad Chapter held estates in seven counties in 1177, according to the Register of Arad which was issued upon the orders of Béla III of Hungary. Arad Castle was also the chapter's property and one third of the tolls of the ferry at Esteuerd on the Maros was due to the chapter. During the , the Arad Chapter acquired new estates in Bihar, Baranya and Arad counties. For instance, in 1223, one Gregory, son of Calad, who had stolen the chapter's 150 sheep, not only returned them, but also mortgaged his estate named Chereuy to secure his compensation for the damages that he had done.
In 1810 Keith was the defendant in an action brought by one Arthur Nicolson (a direct descendant of Bishop Nicolson of Dunkeld) over the ownership of the Shetland isle of Papa Stour (then known as Pappa's Tower). Mr Nicolson, of Bullister and Lochend, was a merchant in Lerwick who purchased a large amount of landed property, including the Island of Papa Stour, which he acquired from John Scott of Scottshall on 16 May 1716. Mr Nicolson claimed possession of the island, and other lands, these having originally been 'acquired from the family of Mowat Keith' and by right of seisin in 1739. The root of the issue appears to be the renunciation of the lands by Keith's father, John Mowat Keith, as a result of debts to John Scott.
On 27 May 1843, Murray married into the Anglo-colonial establishment when he wed Mary "Minnie" Gibbes (1817–1858) at St James' Anglican Church, Sydney. English-born Mary went to live with her new husband (whom she called "Aubrey") at Yarralumla homestead; but being a cultivated and gregarious young lady, she found it extremely hard to adjust to rural life in the lonely and uncouth Australian countryside. She was also physically frail, and the six pregnancies that she experienced during the time of her marriage to Murray badly weakened her constitution, leaving her vulnerable to infection. At the time of Mary's wedding, Murray had settled a moiety of his landed property on her in case he should ever become bankrupt as a result of drought or economic depression.
A hostile Ireland would cut British communications with her South American allies and he said he might request an audience with the king to tell him that his anti-Catholic policy would lead to an explosion. Fitzwilliam had been asked to become honorary director of a prospective Royal Hibernian General Railroad Company but as he wrote to Lord Grey on 20 January 1825: "...my answer has been that whatever I could do to prevent the establishment of such a company, I would do—think of placing at the mercy of a set of London capitalists all the landed property of Ireland. ... traffickers in money—a very useful class, I grant—but are we quite sure, that setting afloat such projects, putting them in newspapers, may not be converted into swindling means?"Smith, p. 384.
In his 1868 book Biarritz, Goedsche plagiarized a book by the French satirist Maurice Joly, The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu, and made an addition: the chapter "At the Jewish Cemetery in Prague" described a secret rabbinical cabal, Council of Representatives of The Twelve Tribes of Israel, which meets in the cemetery at midnight for one of their centennial meetings. They report on the progress of their long-term conspiracy to establish world domination. Among the methods to achieve this goal are the acquisition of landed property, the transformation of craftsmen into industrial workers, the infiltration into high public offices, the control of the press, and so on. The chairman Levit expresses at the end of the meeting the desire to be the kings of the world in 100 years.
John Bacon (died 1321) was an English judge. Bacon is first mentioned as acting in the capacity of attorney to Queen Eleanor in 1278-9, and is described in certain indentures of the exchequer, dated 1288, as 'clericus Regis' and 'custos rotulorum et brevium de Banco' and 'Regis thesauriarius et camerarius,' his business being to keep a list of the cases argued in the common pleas, and to transmit records thereof, and also 'pedes chirographorum,' i.e. memoranda of fines levied throughout the country, to the treasurers and chamberlains of the exchequer, of the receipt of which the indentures already mentioned were acknowledgments. The 'chirographa,' or fines in question, were fictitious suits, by means of which it was the custom to bar entails and convey the landed property of married women.
Thereafter the position was in a state of vacancy for a decade, when the Kingdom of Hungary had disintegrated into autonomous provinces ruled by powerful oligarchs. Andrew held an assembly of the prelates, noblemen, Saxons, Székelys, and Cumans in Pest in the summer of 1298. Its decrees authorized Andrew to destroy forts built without permission and ordered the punishment of those who had seized landed property with force, but also threatened Andrew with excommunication if he did not apply the decrees. After the close of the diet, Andrew entered into a formal alliance with five influential noblemen – Amadeus Aba, Stephen Ákos, Dominic Rátót, Demetrius Balassa and Paul Szécs – who stated that they were willing to support him against the "rebellious lords", which term definitely covered Matthew Csák and the Kőszegi family.
As an armorial family whose original status derives from ancient landed property, the Ernle family belonged to the class known as the gentry. As gentlemen with a coat-of-arms, or armigers, the heads of the family were hereditary esquires, and the younger sons and their cadets all gentlemen, and their daughters all gentlewomen. The family were thus all of gentle birth, and were classed as members of what has been termed the minor or lesser nobility, corresponding to what the Germans term, Uradel, which the French call noblesse de race, or ancient nobility. Though they never achieved the ranks of the greater nobility which, in England, was confined to members of the peerage, at least one branch of the family did accede to the ranks of hereditary knighthood, created by King James I of England, and known as the baronetage.
The maintenance of the fortresses required significant financial resources and therefore, the scattered character of landed property went under a radical change because the strongholds became the centres of bigger units of estates that consisted of the villages attached to them. The possession of one or more strongholds strengthened the position of the upper nobility, because the castle-owners could resist the monarchs for a longer period and they could also expand their influence over the owners of smaller estates around their castles. Based on their fortresses and retinues, the wealthier members of the landed nobility endeavoured to strengthen their own position and they often rebelled against the monarchs. They began to employ the members of the lesser nobility in their households and thus the latter (mentioned as familiaris in the deeds) became subordinate to them.
The popularity of Burke's Landed Gentry gave currency to the expression Landed Gentry as a description of the untitled upper classes in England (although the book also included families in Wales, Scotland and Ireland, where, however, social structures were rather different). Families were arranged in alphabetical order by surname, and each family article was headed with the surname and the name of their landed property, e.g. "Capron of Southwick Hall". There was then a paragraph on the owner of the property, with his coat of arms illustrated, and all his children and remoter male-line descendants also listed, each with full names and details of birth, marriage, death, and any matters tending to enhance their social prestige, such as school and university education, military rank and regiment, Church of England cures held, and other honours and socially approved involvements.
Jacobsen believes that as punishment for rape was normally not associated with the other forms for upholding peace in the tradition of pax dei, this may be an expression of Margrete's perception of women as being particularly vulnerable in times of unrest, and for her own interpretation of the ruler as protector of personae miserabiles, which included maidens and widows. Another testament was her dispositions of 1411 through which she distributed the sum of 500 marcs among the women who had been ‘violated and debased’ during the wars between Sweden and Denmark 1388–1389. Margaret recovered for the Crown all the landed property that had been alienated in the troubled times before the reign of Valdemar IV. This so-called reduktion, or land-recovery, was carried out with the utmost rigour, and hundreds of estates fell into the hands of the crown.
Low, eldest son of Alexander Low, land-agent, of Laws, Berwickshire, was born in Berwickshire in 1786, and educated at Perth Academy and the University of Edinburgh. He assisted his father on his farms, and soon showed aptitude as a land-agent and valuer. In 1817 he published Observations on the Present State of Landed Property, and on the Prospects of the Landholder and the Farmer, in which was discussed the agricultural embarrassment caused by the sudden fall of prices on the cessation of the war. In 1825 he settled in Edinburgh, and in the following year at his suggestion the Quarterly Journal of Agriculture was established, which he edited from 1828 to 1832. On the death of Professor Andrew Coventry in 1831 Low was appointed professor of agriculture in the University of Edinburgh (1831–54).
A temple was often a kind of religious corporation under the control of the State; and its accounts and details of administration were made public at frequent intervals, usually annually, by means of inscriptions, exhibited to public view in its precinct. Many such inscriptions have been found, and supply a great deal of information that can be obtained from no other source. Some great temples, such as that of Apollo on the island of Delos, held great amounts of property, both real and portable, the latter taking the form either of more or less precious offerings dedicated in the temple and its surrounding buildings, or of coined money. The inscriptions accordingly record gifts and acquisitions of landed property, leases and assignments, payments of rent and fines for default, loans and interest and many other business transactions suitable to a great landed proprietor or to a bank.
Meanwhile, some of those whose ancestors individually entered the Russian service from abroad, and who settled themselves in Moscow or the core Russian provinces, sooner or later found it easier to adjust their surnames to the local speaking mode. However, unlike immigrants to English- speaking countries during the 18th to 20th centuries, who usually lost their nobility particles and often simplified and anglicised the remaining parts of their surnames, immigrants to the Tsarist and Imperial Russia did not lose their noble particles, although some of their core surnames may have experienced some minor changes. At the end of the 16th century, after the Livonian War, Ivan IV of Russia invited Baron Berndt von Wiesen () from the Livonian Brothers of the Sword into Russian service and granted him some landed property. In the 17th century his descendants wrote their surnames as (which preserved the German spelling rather than the ).
But Amos also added details in his book about the construction and use of a variety of farming implements. These included his own designs for a horse-drawn thistle cutter, sward-dresser and compound roller, and (less well-received because of doubts about its practicality) his own version of a tree transplanter. Moreover, he added his voice to those of fellow improvers by calling for the removal of 'obstacles that oppose the promoting, improving and extending' of agriculture, and he castigates 'gentlemen of landed property' for ignoring the proper management of their land.Minutes in Agriculture, pp. 51 & 66. Amos's other published writings span the years 1798–1816 and chiefly take the form of essays and letters in agricultural journals, covering a variety of topics from potato cultivation to his plans to design a workable reaping machine (in which endeavour, however, he later acknowledged he had been unsuccessful).
These facts go to show that North Guwahati was latterly the capital and that South - Guwahati or Pragyotishpur, subsequently called Sri-Durjaya, ceased to be the capital long before. It would therefore appear that North Guwahati or Kamarupa-nagar was the capital of Kamarupa for about 160 years from circa 1100 A.D. to 1260 A.D. Dharma Pala was succeeded probably by Jaya Pala whose name is mentioned in the Silimpur inscription. It appears that there was a pious Brahman named Prahusha in the Svamvaka village of Pundra who though persistently pressed by Jaya Pala, a powerful king of Kamarupa, refused to accept from the king the tulapurusha gift consisting of gold equal to the weight of the donor and also a gift of landed property. It appears that about the first part of the twelfth century, probably during the reign of Jaya Pala, Ratna Pala king of Gauda conquered Kumarupa.
By administrative fiat, the Marinović cabinet established freedom of speech and the press, which was an important step in establishing parliamentary democracy. At the session of the Serbian Parliament held on November 27, 1873, the Marinović government presented a set of far-reaching reform laws, including the law on the subsidization of industrial enterprises and the law of six days of land ploughing (“day” meaning a Serbian land measurement equivalent to 5,760 m2), as a minimal privately owned landed property protected from being sold or repossessed due to debts. This allowed Serbian peasants who were small landowners, at the time often victims of property loss due to predatory lending, to have at least of land (out of the total land which they owned) they could always count on as remaining in their possession. On December 23, 1873, his government instituted the law by which corporal punishment was abolished and the prison system reformed.
Ottoman Uchs in the Balkans in the Second Half of the 14th Century Udch or Uch () is an Ottoman military corridor for offensive. The historiographic term also describes a frontier, often controversial territory in medieval Balkan in the territory of Asia Minor, and later at the dawn of the Ottoman Empire - on the Balkan Peninsula. The Ottoman military leader distributes landed property (or fief) located on the border of the established state to his followers and wars, in return for their obligation to protect the border from external enemies, as a rule, believers (but not mandatory). Племена и землевладельцы у Сельджуков: статьи о Турции, курсы турецкого языка Udch or Uch was led by ouj Uch bey (Udch bey) and could be seen as a strategic corridor for the offensive used by the Seljuks in Asia Minor and later by the Ottomans in the Balkans in the second half of the 14th century.
The document was issued by King Louis I, mentions that two members of local nobility, were granted "castrum nostrum Goray alio Lada... cum villis Lada, Radziecin...". The medieval Goray Castle, which was also called Lada Castle, probably was surrounded by a village, where servants and artisans dwelled. It is not known when the village was granted Magdeburg rights, it probably happened in the early 1370s, as in a 1373 document, a person named Demetrio de Goray is mentioned, which suggests that it already was a town in that year. In 1389, King Wladyslaw Jagiello confirmed Goraj’s charter. Until 1508, the town belonged to the Gorajski family, and in the 16th century, it was property of several noble families – the Firlejs, the Sienienskis, the Trojanowskis, and in 1595, it pas purchased by one of the most powerful magnates in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jan Zamoyski, who in 1596 incorporated Goraj into his landed property, Ordynacja Zamojska (Zamosc Estate).
It had been moved from Wilno and had been run by Salesians for training candidates for the priesthood as well as for giving Catholic education for boys. The seminary was situated in Eastern Poland, it employed former residents of the territory annexed by the USSR in 1939, and it had arisen great concern to the government, provoking its brutal closure. Much landed property was confiscated from the Church and affiliated organisations (the only land that was not taken away was the farmholdings of parish priests, provided this land did not exceed , or in some parts of the country), severe limitations were placed on charitable activities associated with the Church, and the government took control of the recording of vital statistics. In 1950, all Church property was nationalized without compensation, except that which was used by parish priests for their own subsistence (but such land could not exceed , and any income from such land had to be used religious and charitable purposes).
Monks or nuns who were aged, handicapped or infirm were marked out for more generous pensions, and care was taken throughout that there should be nobody cast out of their place unprovided for (who might otherwise have increased the burden of charity for local parishes). In a few instances, even monastic servants were provided with a year's wages on discharge. The endowments of the monasteries, landed property and appropriated parish tithes and glebe were transferred to the Court of Augmentations, who would thereon pay out life pensions and fees at the agreed rate; subject to the court's fee of 4d in the pound, plus in most years the clerical 'Tenth', a 10% tax deduction on clergy incomes. Pensions averaged around £5 per annum before tax for monks, with those for superiors typically assessed at 10% of the net annual income of the house, and were not reduced if the pensioner obtained other employment.
A page from Brathwait's book that displays the qualities associated with being a gentleman The term gentleman (from Latin gentilis, belonging to a race or gens, and "man", cognate with the French word gentilhomme, the Spanish gentilhombre and the Italian gentil uomo or gentiluomo), in its original and strict signification, denoted a man of good family, analogous to the Latin generosus (its invariable translation in English-Latin documents). In this sense the word equates with the French gentilhomme ("nobleman"), which was in Great Britain long confined to the peerage. The term gentry (from the Old French genterise for gentelise) has much of the social-class significance of the French noblesse or of the German Adel, but without the strict technical requirements of those traditions (such as quarters of nobility). To a degree, gentleman signified a man with an income derived from landed property, a legacy or some other source and was thus independently wealthy and did not need to work.
I, p.430-431 Following the creation of Take Ionescu's Conservative- Democratic Party (PCD), the PNL launched accusations that the new group was financed by the leaseholder Mochi Fischer (whose property in Flămânzi had seen the outbreak of the 1907 revolt); in reaction, the PCD newspaper Opinia, representing the views of Alexandru Bădărău, accused Stere of having failed to protect the interests of his clients in the Bessarabian zemstvo — Stere challenged the article's author Gheorghe Lascăr, former mayor of Iași, to a duel on Copou Hill, during which Lascăr was defeated and injured (March 11, 1908).Ornea, Vol.I, p.451-453 Calling for an amnesty in respect to peasant rebels, Stere was initially silent on the new legislation (which, without questioning traditional landed property, allowed room for communal ownership), and was mostly absent from Chamber sessions.Ornea, Vol.I, p.442-446, 450-451 He nevertheless authored several studies in which he condemned the state of affairs in Romanian agriculture, concluding one of them with a Latin verdict, paraphrasing Pliny the Elder, Latifundia perdidere Romaniam ("The great estates have ruined Romania").Ornea, Vol.I, p.
A careful examination of the sources from early medieval Francia demonstrates how the Frankish kings, and foremost among them Charlemagne, realised the political power within the patronage of liturgy, and therefore made ample use of it as a political means of royal propaganda. Through liturgy they disseminated political messages and ideology in an attempt to shape the ‘public opinion’, and this is precisely why they invested vast amounts of landed property and privileges in patronising liturgical activity. The introduction of liturgy as an extremely informative source for the study of the political culture and the social practices of the early medieval West was rather unusual and innovative, and many subsequent studies followed suit. The study of numerous unpublished manuscripts was a significant part of Hen’s research. This activity also brought some new findings and discoveries, such as The Sacramentary of Echternach, which he edited for the Henry Bradshaw Society; the Pseudo-Theophilus’ Commentary on the Four Gospels, which he discussed in a separate paper;‘A Merovingian commentary on the Four Gospels’, Revue des Études Augustinienne 49 (2003), pp. 167-187.
He was asked to report on topography, history, antiquities, the condition of the inhabitants, religion, natural productions (particularly fisheries, forests, mines, and quarries), agriculture (covering vegetables, implements, manure, floods, domestic animals, fences, farms, and landed property, fine and common arts, and commerce (exports and imports, weights and measures, and conveyance of goods). His conclusions are reported in a series of treatises that are retained in major United Kingdom libraries; many have been reissued in modern editions. They include an important work on Indian fish species, entitled An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches (1822), which describes over 100 species not formerly recognised scientifically. He also collected and described many new plants in the region, and collected a series of watercolours of Indian and Nepalese plants and animals, probably painted by Indian artists, which are now in the library of the Linnean Society of London He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May, 1806, and a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in January 1817.
Following the suppression of the Sejm of the Congress Poland in the aftermath of the November Uprising, the Sejm of the Grand Duchy was the last vestige of the Polish parliamentary tradition on Polish soil. Only Christian men owning landed property for at least ten years were enfranchised to vote.Jerzy Kozłowski, „Die Einführung der preußischen Verwaltung im Großherzogtum Posen 1815-1830“ (2009), on: Polen Didaktik: Wissenschaft und Praxis, retrieved on 4 February 2013. Until 1869 Jews generally remained excluded, unlike in Prussia proper. So immigrants who had newly acquired land were not enfranchised; neither were most of the rural ethnically Polish farmers, who still held land by way of lease or feudal fief only like serfs or vassals of their landlords, unlike Prussia proper where serfdom had been abolished in 1807 and 1810. Immigrant farmers from the Holy Roman Empire (such as the Bambrzy) or later from member states of the German Confederation, had usually remained free peasants, causing their stronger representation within the eight members elected by peasants, of a total of 48. With regard to ethnicity, most of the nobility representatives were Polish, peasantry representatives were balanced, and the townsfolk representatives were mostly German.
Rates are a form of tax levied on occupation of landed property. In Hong Kong, the unit of assessment for rating purposes is a “tenement”, defined in the Rating Ordinance as “any land (including land covered with water) or any building, structure, or part thereof which is held or occupied as a distinct or separate tenancy or holding or under any licence.” The definition of “tenement” was considered in detail by the Lands Tribunal in the rating appeal Yiu Lian Machinery Repairing Works Ltd & Ors v Commissioner of Rating and Valuation [1982] HKDCLR 32. The Tribunal observed that the definition consists of two limbs, stating that – (a) “The first limb concerns the subject matter to be rated, namely, land, buildings and structures” and (b) “The second limb only makes even those three species of property rateable, if they are held or occupied as a distinct or separate tenancy, holding or licence.” “Occupied” carries its literal meaning of somebody or something physically using or occupying the land. “Held” implies ownership. “Distinct or separate” defines the conditions under which a tenement can be constituted. “Tenancy” in the definition includes lease and short term tenancy.
His last pamphlet, Agrarian Justice, published in the winter of 1795, opposed agrarian law and agrarian monopoly and further developed his ideas in the Rights of Man about how land ownership separated the majority of people from their rightful, natural inheritance and means of independent survival. The U.S. Social Security Administration recognizes Agrarian Justice as the first American proposal for an old-age pension and basic income or citizen's dividend. Per Agrarian Justice: > In advocating the case of the persons thus dispossessed, it is a right, and > not a charity ... [Government must] create a national fund, out of which > there shall be paid to every person, when arrived at the age of twenty-one > years, the sum of fifteen pounds sterling, as a compensation in part, for > the loss of his or her natural inheritance, by the introduction of the > system of landed property. And also, the sum of ten pounds per annum, during > life, to every person now living, of the age of fifty years, and to all > others as they shall arrive at that age. In 2011, £10 and £15 would be worth about £800 and £1,200 ($1,200 and $2,000) when adjusted for inflation.
All the inscriptions on the coins of the 12th century are in Hebrew; and they sufficiently prove that at the time in question the Jews had already established themselves in positions of trust and prominence, and were contented with their lot. Early medieval Polish coins with Hebrew inscriptions "The Jewish coiners", says Bershadski, "might have been people who came to the country only occasionally, and for that special purpose." But there is found among the few documents dating from the second half of the 13th century a charter issued by Premysł II, successor of Boleslaw of Kalisz, confirming a previous grant of privileges whereby the Jew Rupin, son of Yoshka, is permitted to dispose of his inheritance, a hill ("montem") situated near the boundary of his estate of Podgozhe. It is difficult to assume that the acquisition of real estate, its transmission by inheritance, and its further cession to the "Jewish elders of Kalisz and their entire community" were permitted on the strength of the charter of privileges granted by Boleslaw of Kalisz to Jewish immigrants, for the charter makes no mention of a Jewish community, nor of the right of Jews to acquire landed property.
Son of Évrard Bourlon de Rouvre, an industrialist, and his wife Claude Genty, Cyril Bourlon de Rouvre is the heir of sugar refineries and the landed property of his great-grandfather, Charles Bourlon de Rouvre (1850–1924), himself stepson of one of the richest men at the end of the 19th century, Gustave Lebaudy. After studies at the collège Maspero in Paris, then at the collège Saint-Martin de France in Pontoise, the Oratory School in Reading, the Collège Saint-Jean in Fribourg and at the Lycée Janson-de- Sailly,PEOPLE: CYRIL BOURLON DE ROUVRE Cyril Bourlon de Rouvre studied electrical engineering at Jussieu before graduating as an aerospace engineer at the Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées. He first worked at Électricité de France before serving his conscription and started his career as a sales engineer at the Elliot Automation company (1966–1968) before being Director of export of the Sucre Union company (1971–1973). He was business manager of the sales support department of the Lara audiovisual company (1973), then commercial agent in the audiovisual (1974–1975) and associate director at the Auto Racing company (1977).
In response to the bloody suppression of this rebellion, Marx wrote one of his most famous pamphlets, "The Civil War in France", a defence of the Commune.Karl Marx, "The Civil War in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 22 (International Publishers: New York, 1986) pp. 307–59. Given the repeated failures and frustrations of workers' revolutions and movements, Marx also sought to understand capitalism and spent a great deal of time in the reading room of the British Museum studying and reflecting on the works of political economists and on economic data. By 1857, Marx had accumulated over 800 pages of notes and short essays on capital, landed property, wage labour, the state and foreign trade and the world market, though this work did not appear in print until 1939 under the title 'Outlines of the Critique of Political Economy'.Karl Marx, "Economic Manuscripts of 1857–1858" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 28 (International Publishers: New York, 1986) pp. 5–537.Karl Marx, "Economic Manuscripts of 1857–1858" contained in the Preparatory Materials section of the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 29 (International Publishers: New York, 1987) pp. 421–507.

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