The euro zone's economies labour under plenty of structural hindrances to growth.
|
|
I do not believe that Labour, under Jeremy Corbyn, will poll 38%.
|
|
They are defined by their contrasts, yet they labour under the same expectations.
|
|
Yet it was Labour, under Corbyn, which really used social media to its full.
|
|
The party of the rich buried Labour under the votes of working-class northerners and Midlanders.
|
|
Labour, under socialist Jeremy Corbyn, suffered its worst election result since 1935 on Thursday, winning 203 seats.
|
|
In other words, local elections like yesterday's are as good as it gets for Labour under Jeremy Corbyn.
|
|
This was certainly the case last time out, when Labour under Ed Miliband gained a whopping 857 seats.
|
|
Labour, under radical left-winger Jeremy Corbyn, says Britain should keep the benefits of being in the single market.
|
|
Her task will be further complicated by Labour under Jeremy Corbyn, which has yet to produce its own coherent plan.
|
|
Mr Trump told supporters that Americans labour under a "crushing" tax burden that puts the country at an economic disadvantage.
|
|
This has led to some UK commentators and politicians arguing that Labour under Corbyn has developed an anti-Semitism problem.
|
|
Labour under Corbyn gained parliament seats, but narrowly lost to Prime Minister Theresa May&aposs Conservative Party in 2017 snap elections.
|
|
Only three countries—Iran, Sudan and Syria—currently labour under that badge of dishonour, which is imposed after lengthy official review.
|
|
It would still labour under €4.9 billion of debt, but could at least focus on the type of engineering it does best.
|
|
But Labour under left-wing leader Jeremy Corbyn is divided and beset by a controversy over allegations of anti-Semitism within its ranks.
|
|
Opinion polls indicate that, by moving further to the left, Labour under Mr. Corbyn, a democratic socialist, would lose resoundingly in any national election.
|
|
That's partly why the bold leftism of Labour under Mr. Corbyn has proved popular even as center-left parties across Europe are being decimated.
|
|
"The damage done by this campaign is not over," said Sipho Pityana, a businessman who headed the Department of Labour under the Mandela administration.
|
|
Most still labour under this system, and can lose their land, which is leased from the state, if they do not meet their quota.
|
|
As Alliance Party leader, he served as deputy prime minister in a coalition government with Labour under prime minister Helen Clark from 1999 to 2002.
|
|
With open cabinet warfare over fiscal policy as well as Brexit, and Labour under far-left control, many companies feel no party now speaks for them.
|
|
A year later, the shift back to Conservatives was complete, when the paper publicly announced it had lost faith with Labour under its leader Gordon Brown.
|
|
Labour, under pressure from the UK Independence Party, which has strict immigration controls stance, is targeting pro-Brexit working class voters in at least 20 constituencies.
|
|
But opinion polls regularly indicate that if an election were held tomorrow, Labour under Mr. Corbyn would suffer a historic defeat in the country as a whole.
|
|
Yet the response from Conservative backbenchers and the right-wing press—who, with Labour under inept leadership, form the main opposition to the government these days—was apoplectic.
|
|
Instead, voters preferred the "softer Brexit" proposed by Labour under Jeremy Corbyn, or the "no Brexit" line touted by the Liberal Democrats, still fighting the cause for Remain.
|
|
With Labour under the unpopular management of Jeremy Corbyn, an Islington-based socialist, the Conservatives have a chance to win over what Mrs May calls the "just managing" classes.
|
|
Some, such as Britain's Labour under Jeremy Corbyn, have tacked to the left to seek support among workers left behind by years of stagnant wages and government austerity policies.
|
|
Perhaps more to the point, Labour under Mr. Corbyn failed to develop a really assertive, popular strategy for reviving the postindustrial regions it took for granted for too long.
|
|
There is a certain irony in this, seeing as Labour, under the socialist leadership of Jeremy Corbyn, has become viewed by many pundits and voters as an implausible party of government.
|
|
Parties like Labour under Jeremy Corbyn have certainly adopted those policies in a way to try to get back to the electorate and build up their support, but it basically hasn't worked.
|
|
Most notable is Elaine Chao, the former secretary of labour under George W Bush (and wife of Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell) whom Mr Trump has tapped to become secretary of transportation.
|
|
In many ways, Momentum's success is the culmination of the backlash on the left to the centrism of Labour under Tony Blair in the 1990s and the first years of this century.
|
|
In contrast, the results display the strength of the Conservatives under Prime Minister Theresa May and the weakness of Labour under its left-wing leader, Jeremy Corbyn, going into the June 8 general election. Mrs.
|
|
An election that sees Labour under veteran left-winger Jeremy Corbyn in with a good chance of victory could push sterling 10-15 percent lower, and even possibly as much as 20 percent, NAB's Friend says.
|
|
Still, as we are intermittently reminded, Messi has never won the World Cup with the Albiceleste, and so even he must labour under Maradona comparisons which can only be injurious to his chances of matching that particular success.
|
|
Labour under Corbyn is also even more heavily dependent than usual on youth turnout — and young people in Britain, as in the U.S., are among the least reliable groups when it comes to showing up on Election Day.
|
|
According to a leaked copy of its draft manifesto, Labour, under its leader Jeremy Corbyn, will return to policies echoing those of three decades ago, promising to hike taxes on Britain's highest earners and companies to fund education and health.
|
|
Yet polls show that Labour under Mr. Corbyn is sure to lose the next election to the governing Conservatives, and lose it badly, doing worse than it did in May 2015, which led to the resignation of its leader, Ed Miliband.
|
|
While there is no scheduled election in Britain until 2022, the policies of Labour under socialist leader Jeremy Corbyn have come under greater scrutiny as deadlock over how to leave the European Union has opened the door to a possible snap election.
|
|
He eventually settled on a hard pro-Brexit stance, combining that with shameless populism; a smattering of lies; a way with words; and what turned out to be a winning strategy to capitalize on the weakness of Labour under its unpopular left-wing leader, Jeremy Corbyn.
|
|
It's a really dramatic surge in light of the past few months of polling: This dramatic change in the race has stunned observers here in the UK, many of whom had written off Labour under Corbyn — a far-left firebrand known for courting controversy — as doomed to a historic defeat.
|
|
The Conservative vote was always going to fall: Mr Cameron had built up a huge personal vote and the flightier parts of it were unlikely to switch to Labour under Jeremy Corbyn, to a currently leaderless and shambolic UKIP or the still-marginal Green Party, even one fronted locally by Larry Sanders, brother of Bernie.
|
|
In the first electoral test for Labour under its new leader Jeremy Corbyn — a far-left longstanding MP who won a surprise victory to take the reins of the party in September 2015 — Labour held control of many county and city councils but failed to make any real gains in the results announced so far.
|
|
From 1941-43 he served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour under J. M. Andrews.
|
|
A pontoon bridge was built on its place by forced labour under German occupation, which was destroyed again by German troops retreating from Kyiv.
|
|
Wadeson, Nigel. 2013. "The Division of Labour under Uncertainty." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 169(2):253–74. . Archived from the original on 27 April 2019.
|
|
Part of the national park is a dark sky preserve. Hortobágy has also had more negative connotations, as a site of forced labour under the communist regime.
|
|
The term has been compared to “Worcester woman” — Middle England voters who were seen as key to the success of New Labour under the leadership of Tony Blair.
|
|
Dictionary of Labour Biography, Volume 11. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, p. 183. Dunning viewed laws regulating relations between employers and employees, such as Master and Servant Acts, as putting industrial labour under "the old feudal notion of serfdom".Biagini, p. 148.
|
|
Apart from the use of forced labour under German rule during World War II, the compulsory use of the Nazi German civilian population in the Reich Labour Service as early as 1935 was a appliance of the Nazi labor market policy.
|
|
Notable recipients of hard labour under British law include the prolific writer Oscar Wilde (after his conviction for gross indecency), imprisoned in Reading Gaol. Labour was sometimes useful. In Inveraray Jail from 1839 prisoners worked up to ten hours a day.
|
|
They announced their split on their Facebook page on 12 November 2015, along with the release of their final EP, Hooves of Doubt. In 2018, Peter Liddle announced the release of his first solo EP Casual Labour under the name of PD Liddle.
|
|
Labour under Helen Clark out-polled National, and formed a coalition government with the left-wing Alliance. The coalition partners pioneered "agree to disagree" procedures to manage policy differences. The minority government often relied on support from the Green Party to pass legislation.
|
|
Henry Bucknall Betterton, 1st Baron Rushcliffe, GBE, PC (15 August 1872 – 18 November 1949), known as Sir Henry Betterton, Bt, between 1929 and 1935, was a British barrister and Conservative politician. He served as Minister of Labour under Ramsay MacDonald between 1931 and 1934.
|
|
McMahon immediately reappointed Fraser to the Cabinet, returning him to his old position of Minister for Education and Science. When the Liberals were defeated at the 1972 election by the Labor Party under Gough Whitlam, McMahon resigned and Fraser became Shadow Minister for Labour under Billy Snedden.
|
|
The position of Shadow Minister for London was retained by Labour under the leadership of Ed Miliband, and was held by Sadiq Khan throughout Miliband's leadership. However, since Khan's nomination as Labour's candidate for Mayor of London and Jeremy Corbyn's leadership, the office has remained vacant.
|
|
Kissinger, Henry A. (1979) White House Years. Simon & Schuster. (2011 edition) While, Bhutto's former Law Minister Mairaj Muhammad Khan described Bhutto as "a great man but cruel".Khan, Mairaj Muhammad, Former Minister of Manpower and Labour under Bhutto, as quoted in Lamb, Christina (1991) Waiting for Allah.
|
|
Following this, the York Municipal Council resolved to erect a new suspension bridge.Eastern Districts Chronicle, 27 November 1909, p.2. Work started in March 1910 using Council employees and day labour under the direction of the Town Clerk and a Works Committee.Eastern Districts Chronicle, 5 March 1910, p.2.
|
|
Labour under the Unemployment Relief Scheme was also utilised to assist with grounds improvements.Ros Gillespie, 1996, pp.52-53. The Great Depression, commencing in 1929 and extending well into the 1930s, caused a dramatic reduction of building work in Queensland and brought private building work to a standstill.
|
|
A more common form in modern society is indenture, or bonded labour, under which workers sign contracts to work for a specific period of time, for which they are paid only with accommodation and sustenance, or these essentials in addition to limited benefits such as cancellation of a debt, or transportation to a desired country.
|
|
Bolger, Minister of Labour under Muldoon, was seen by most as a more traditionalist and pragmatic candidate whilst being far less conservative than Muldoon. He had a traditionalist social views, but was more favourable to liberal economic policy. Bolger had sided with McLay against Muldoon's refusal to act in accordance with the incoming government.
|
|
Significant attention has been given to the female employees as there were labour shortages and aged society. The financial sector uses female labour more than any sector in Japan. In the financial sector as there is more female labour under the age of 34-44. However, in this age group, female regular employees decline due to maternity reasons.
|
|
In March 2018, he wrote an article for the Fabian Society in Wales, setting out challenges for the country and seeking to kick- start a debate on the future of Welsh Labour under a new leader. Soon after, he nominated and endorsed Mark Drakeford in the election to succeed Carwyn Jones as Party leader and First Minister.
|
|
Tens of thousands of forced laborers arrived in the Nazi era in 350 Essen camps, forced to Forced labour under German rule during World War II at companies like Krupp, Siemens and for mining work. In Essen there were in Second World War several Subcamps as the sub campHumboldtstraße, the Gelsenberg ssub camp and the subcamp Schwarze Poth.
|
|
The cables were imported, the steel and ironwork in stiffening trusses etc. manufactured by Clyde Engineering Company, and the timber supplied by various firms. The erection of the structure has been carried out by day labour, under Inspector James McCall, of the Public Works Department. The total cost, including contracts mentioned above and road work in approaches, was £8000.
|
|
When, in 1984, Marilyn Waring refused to support Muldoon's policies on visits by nuclear- powered and nuclear-armed ships, Muldoon called a snap election. Muldoon made the television announcement of this election while visibly inebriated, and some believe that he later regretted the decision to "go to the country". National lost the election to Labour under David Lange.
|
|
This feature of the work, which is specific to the social life in capitalism, is the basis of modern socialization, is called "abstract labor." In the functioning of these new social relationships, labour under capitalism is no longer an external activity to capitalism. It is the foundation of capitalism, and so it is the labour that must be abolished.
|
|
Xu Huanshan (born 13 July 1937) is a Chinese actor and occasional film director. Xu was enrolled in the Beijing Film Academy in 1956. A year later, he was labelled as a "rightist" and was sent for "re-education through labour" under the Communist government's Anti-Rightist Movement. In 1966, he was sent to Xinjiang to perform hard labour.
|
|
In 1937 the new Wollongong Head Lighthouse constructed on Flagstaff Point came into service and took over from the Breakwater Lighthouse as the major light in the area. This lighthouse was constructed using local labour under the supervision of Department of Transport and Shipping. The cost of the tower was (Pounds)6,800 with plant and equipment a further £2,607.
|
|
New Labour under Prime Minister Tony Blair sought to distance the Labour Party from the conventional definition of socialism. Blair said "My kind of socialism is a set of values based around notions of social justice ... Socialism as a rigid form of economic determinism has ended, and rightly".Adrian Hastings, Alistair Mason, Hugh Pyper. The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought.
|
|
St Barnabas Anglican Church is a heritage-listed former Anglican church located at Yarramalong Road, Yarramalong, in the Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1889 by volunteer labour under supervision of James Bailey. The property is owned by the Central Coast Council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
|
|
614 and backed the unsuccessful Labour candidate in the 1920 by election.The Times, 1 March 1920, p. 15 By the 1920s the League had fully merged with Labour, under the unfulfilled promise of autonomy for Scotland were Labour to gain power in the forthcoming years. Land League members were then key to the formation of the Scottish National Party in 1934.
|
|
In Chile Spanish settlers managed to continue to exploit indigenous labour under slave like conditions despite the implementation of the encomienda. Rich Spanish settlers had over time to face opposition to their mode of production by Jesuits, Spanish officials and indigenous Mapuches.Salazar 1985, pp. 23–25. All mainland Spanish settlements (red dots) south of Biobío River were destroyed by 1604.
|
|
In November 2015, both parties agreed to a division of labour. Under the framework, a joint venture will be set up to run the project. China will conduct feasibility studies, design the system, construct tunnels and bridges, and lay track. Thailand will conduct social and environmental impact studies, expropriate land for construction, handle general civil engineering and power supply, and supply construction materials.
|
|
St Thomas' Anglican Church is a heritage-listed Anglican church at Hay Street, Port Macquarie, Port Macquarie-Hastings Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1823 to 1827 by convict labour under military supervision. The property is owned by the Anglican Diocese of Grafton. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 18 October 2002.
|
|
He worked to develop an alliance with the African National Congress (ANC) in 1947, known as the Dadoo-Naicker- Xuma Pact, or the Three Doctors' Pact. Naicker was imprisoned numerous times for anti-apartheid activism. In 1948 he and Yusuf Dadoo were sentenced to six months hard labour under the Immigrant Regulation Act. He was jailed for a month after participating the Defiance campaign of 1952.
|
|
These > are the darkest and most shameful pages of our history. The introduction of > indentured labour under slavish conditions was no less shameful and evil. Finally, the Prime Minister stated his hope that: > This Commission will pave the way to reconciliation, social justice and > national unity through the process of re-establishing the historical truth. > It is the legitimate expectation of everyone to know our true history.
|
|
The labour force in the district comprises agricultural labour, non- agricultural labour and casual labour. Under agricultural labour, family labour claims over 60% usually comprising men, women and children of age 15 years at least. The remaining 40% goes to non-agricultural labour and casual labour. The demand for labour is at its peak in the rainy season, when more farming activities are being carried out.
|
|
In 2016, she joined the Independent Senators Group and served as its initial interim facilitator. In 2019, she left the ISG and joined the Canadian Senators Group. McCoy was previously the Alberta PC MLA for Calgary-West from 1986 to 1993. During this time, she served as Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs, and Minister responsible for Women's Issues and Minister of Labour under Premier Don Getty.
|
|
Sir Arthur Herbert Drummond Ramsay Steel-Maitland, 1st Baronet (5 July 1876 – 30 March 1935) was a British Conservative politician. He was the first Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1911 to 1916 and held junior office from 1915 to 1919 in David Lloyd George's coalition government. From 1924 to 1929 he was Minister of Labour under Stanley Baldwin, with a seat in the cabinet.
|
|
The preamble described the ubiquity of the "horrid, impious, and execrable vices of profane cursing and swearing" in the country, saying that this "may justly provoke the divine vengeance to increase the many calamities these nations now labour under", and that the existing laws designed to prevent this were ineffective. Many of the provisions in this Act were essentially the same as those in the 1694 Act which it replaced.
|
|
Marshall promoted the retention of capital punishment for murder. However, Labour under Arnold Nordmeyer was opposed, and in 1961 ten National MPs, including Robert Muldoon, crossed the floor and voted with Labour to abolish it. Increasingly, as time went on, Marshall became overworked, with Holyoake giving him more and more cabinet responsibilities. In the 1960s he led negotiations over trade consequences if Britain joined the European Economic Community.
|
|
Church of the Immaculate Conception Cooks Creek. Cooks Creek is an unincorperated community in the Rural Municipality of Springfield, Manitoba, Canada. The community is home to two churchs, a community centre and a museum. The Immaculate Conception Ukrainian Catholic Church is an intricately designed wooden church featuring nine cupolas and built almost entirely with volunteer labour under the direction of the amateur architect and priest Father Phillip Ruh.
|
|
In November 2014, Thailand and China signed a memorandum of understanding agreeing to construct the Thai portion of the transnational railway running from Kunming, China to the Gulf of Thailand. In November 2015, both parties agreed to a division of labour. Under the framework, a joint venture would be set up to run the project. China would conduct feasibility studies, design the system, construct tunnels and bridges, and lay track.
|
|
McIlvanney held onto his strong socialist views throughout his life. In common with many from his background in Scotland, he was strongly opposed to Thatcherism. Later he became disappointed by the shift of Labour under Tony Blair and by 2014 he had come to feel, hesitantly, that Scottish independence might be the best political solution. William McIlvanney died on 5 December 2015 at the age of 79, after a short illness.
|
|
Skilled labour may be over- valued and unskilled labour under-valued at the same time. The conservative US journalist David Brooks, citing Oren Cass,Oren Cass, The Once and Future Worker. New York: Encounter Books, 2018. highlighted in a 2018 op-ed that: The conservative Friedman Foundation noted that, although from 1950 to 2009 the total staffing at US public schools grew four times faster than the increase in students, scholastic achievement did not increase.
|
|
In the oldest Buddhism this essentialism is not recognizable.Nanzan Institute: Pruning the bodhi Tree According to critics it doesn't really contribute to a real insight into Buddhism:David Chapman: Effing the ineffable > ...most of them labour under the old cliché that the goal of Buddhist > psychological analysis is to reveal the hidden mysteries in the human mind > and thereby facilitate the development of a transcendental state of > consciousness beyond the reach of linguistic expression.
|
|
Tavakkoli was the minister of labour under Mir-Hossein Mousavi, a parliament representative from Behshahr, and a presidential candidate in two of the presidential elections in Iran (running against Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami). Tavakkoli temporarily left politics after the leftists oppositions forced him out of the ministry of labour. He founded Resalat, a conservative newspaper, and later left Iran to study economics in the UK, where he received his PhD.
|
|
Imlay attempted in her letters to Mary to smooth over the relationship, but her sense of loneliness and isolation in London was palpable. She wrote to Mary of "the dreadful state of mind I generally labour under & which I in vain endeavour to get rid of".Qtd. in Todd, Death and the Maidens, 206; see also 208–09; Seymour, 152. Many scholars attribute Imlay's increasing unhappiness to Mrs Godwin's hostility towards her.
|
|
Additionally, the band acts out the section of the song that details the protagonist's escape from prison. The film shows the prisoners (Scott, Angus and Rudd) doing hard labour under watch of the prison guards (Malcolm and Evans). Later, the prisoners manage to blow open the gates to the prison. Rudd and Angus are able to escape, but Scott is shot by Malcolm and Evans as he attempts to do the same.
|
|
On October 12, 1969, a caller to Detroit radio station WKNR-FM told disc jockey Russ Gibb about the rumor and its clues. Gibb and other callers then discussed the rumor on the air for the next hour. Two days after the WKNR broadcast, The Michigan Daily published a satirical review of Abbey Road by University of Michigan student Fred LaBour under the headline "McCartney Dead; New Evidence Brought to Light".LaBour, Fred.
|
|
In August 1918 the new Land League had affiliated with the Labour Party, with four candidates for the 1918 general election being joint League-Labour. By the 1920s they had fully merged with Labour, under the promise of autonomy for Scotland were Labour to gain power in the forthcoming years, which however remained unfulfilled, presumably at least partly because although Labour succeeded in forming a government, they failed to gain a majority in the House of Commons.
|
|
After her retirement from the Home Office, she visited China three times. In 1923-1924 she became a member of the Commission on Child Labour under the auspices of the Municipal Council of the International Settlement of Shanghai. In 1926 she was a member of the Advisory Committee on the China Indemnity of the Foreign Office. In 1931 she served on a mission for the International Labour Office to Nanking, regarding a factory inspectorate for China.
|
|
Cobham appealed to the Crown for licence to fortify his manor and received permission in February 1380. The building work was completed by 1385. Surviving records indicate that the prominent gatehouse was built by local labour under several master masons, including Thomas Crompe, William Sharnall and Thomas Wrek, with the king's master mason Henry Yevele taking a supervisory role. The castle is of particular importance as the earliest English castle designed for the use of gunpowder weapons.
|
|
In England, Scotland and Wales, the Liberal Party and Social Democratic Party were in alliance, collecting 2,591,635 votes but not a single seat. The election represented a small recovery for Labour, under Michael Foot's replacement Neil Kinnock, taking 15 seats from the Conservatives. In the general election of 1983, they had only had a vote share of 2% more than the SDP–Liberal Alliance (although they had nearly 10 times more MP's elected) and 15% less than the Conservatives.
|
|
Baldwin called a general election for 30 May 1929, resulting in a hung parliament with Labour holding the most seats. Baldwin and his government resigned and Labour, under MacDonald, again took office. In 1931, the MacDonald government faced a serious crisis as the May Report revealed that the budget was unbalanced, with an expected shortfall of £120 million. The Labour government resigned on 24 August, and MacDonald formed a National Government supported by most Conservative MPs.
|
|
The Government of New Zealand initiated a similar immigration scheme in July 1947. The first immigrants arrived on the later that year. The scheme was administered by the Department of Labour under the guidance of Bert Bockett, and was expanded to include the Netherlands in 1950. The Dutch immigration scheme finished in 1963, with just over 6,000 immigrants to New Zealand; with Bockett receiving the Olivier van Noort medallion from the Dutch government in the following year.
|
|
"The politics of labour under late colonialism: workers, unions, and the state in Chota Nagpur, 1928–1939 by Dilip Simeon." The fire never stopped despite sincere efforts by mines department and railway authorities and in 1933 flaming crevasses lead to exodus of many residents. The 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake led to further spread of fire and by 1938 the authorities had declared that there is raging fire beneath the town with 42 collieries out of 133 on fire.Searchlight, 24 January 1936.
|
|
The aqueduct was constructed by Morrison & Mason Ltd. When Angram was nearing completion, Bradford Corporation decided to construct a larger dam at Scar House, which would incorporate and submerge the Hayden Carr reservoir. Scar House Reservoir was started in 1920 with direct labour under the control of James Watson's successor, Lewis Mitchell, and completed in 1936. The new reservoir required the construction of a new tunnel from Scar House to How Stean Beck, which was started in 1929 by the Hoare family.
|
|
Scar House Reservoir was started in 1921 with direct labour under the control of Lewis Mitchell, Bradford's city engineer, and took fifteen years to complete. Stone for the dam was quarried from the quarry on Carle Fell to the North and North West of the dam. An inclined railway was constructed to move stone from the quarry to the dam site. Scar House was once home to more than 1,250 villagers who lived and worked building the Nidderdale dam in the 1920s.
|
|
In opposition, Joseph was spokesman on Social Services, and then on Labour under Edward Heath. He was one of twelve founder members of the NCSWD, the National Council for Single Woman and Her Dependants on 15 December 1965. According to Tim Cook in his book The History of the Carers' Movement, he and Sally Oppenheim were critical in raising funds from the Carnegie Trust and other organisations, which enabled the carers movement to succeed and thrive through their formative years.
|
|
The castle purchased some goods, such as salt, through the annual Stourbridge Fair at nearby Cambridge, then one of the biggest economic events in Europe. Some of this expenditure was supported by the demesne manor attached to the castle, which comprised of land and 5,000 days of serf labour under feudal law.Ridgard, p.19. A vineyard was created at the castle in the late 12th century, and a bakery and a horse mill were built in the castle by the 14th century.
|
|
In the late 1990s, Labour under the leadership of Tony Blair began to move towards a centrist Third Way policy platform, adopting the campaign name New Labour. The new New Labour era is seen as ending when Blair's successor Gordon Brown lost the 2010 election to the Conservatives. Brown's successor as leader, Ed Miliband, moved the party slightly to the left of the New Labour era position. Miliband set out his stall to "redefine the political centre", with pundits declaring New Labour "dead".
|
|
"The politics of labour under late colonialism: workers, unions, and the state in Chota Nagpur, 1928–1939 by Dilip Simeon." The fire never stopped despite sincere efforts by mines department and railway authorities and in 1933 flaming crevasses lead to exodus of many residents. The 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake led to further spread of fire and by 1938 the authorities had declared that there is raging fire beneath the town with 42 collieries out of 133 on fire.Searchlight, 24 January 1936.
|
|
Bharath (Rajinikanth) is a young, educated man, unaware on the whereabouts of his father. Shanti, (Sharada) his mother tells him the past about his father, but, on her deathbed. Flashback: A young Gopinath (Sathyaraj), suave, educated and a rich man, arrives Paarapatti village (where then-young Shanti resides), for engineering a construction project. Over time, he slowly gains her interest, for her being an innocent village girl she was, working under him as a manual construction labour under his unit, by emulating innocence.
|
|
Her letters to him have not survived. According to the editor of Ben Jonson's poem "To Penshurst", the "My Lady's Oak" and "Gamage copse" mentioned in the poem are references to Barbara Sidney. According to tradition, she "was taken in travail [labour] under an oak in Penshurst Park, which was afterwards called My Lady's Oak ", and it is also said that she liked to feed the deer under the shade of the copse. The forested area became known as "Lady Gamage's Bower".
|
|
The China–Thailand high- speed rail link under construction, Khon Kaen, 16 May 2017 In November 2014, Thailand and China signed a memorandum of understanding agreeing to construct the Thai portion of the transnational railway running from Kunming, China to the Gulf of Thailand. In November 2015, both parties agreed to a division of labour. Under the framework, a joint venture would be set up to run the project. China would conduct feasibility studies, design the system, construct tunnels and bridges, and lay track.
|
|
Labour shortages also plagued the French economy because hundreds of thousands of French workers were requisitioned and transferred to Germany for compulsory labour under the Service du Travail Obligatoire (STO). The labour shortage was worsened by the fact that a large number of the French were also held as prisoners of war in Germany. Beyond these hardships and dislocations, the occupation became increasingly unbearable. Onerous regulations, strict censorship, incessant propaganda and nightly curfews all played a role in establishing an atmosphere of fear and repression.
|
|
This practice started from the early days of labour camps of "unreliable elements" (), such as the homeless, homosexuals, criminals, political dissidents, communists, Jews, and anyone whom the regime wanted out of the way. During World War II the Nazis operated several categories of Arbeitslager (labour camps) for different categories of inmates. Prisoners in Nazi labour camps were worked to death on short rations and in bad conditions, or killed if they became unable to work. Many died as a direct result of forced labour under the Nazis.
|
|
Commissariat Store is a heritage-listed storehouse at 115-127 William Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is bordered by William Street, Queen's Wharf Road and the Brisbane River, and is the birthplace of Queensland. It was designed by William John Dumaresq and built from 1828 to 1913 by convict labour under the direction of Captain Logan as a permanent Commissariat Store for the Moreton Bay penal settlement. It is also known as Government Stores, State Stores Building, and Colonial Store.
|
|
Gray topped the CCF list on the first count, with 3,086 votes (ahead of party leader Seymour Farmer), finishing in eighth place overall. Gray and Farmer were subsequently elected on transfers, although longtime Independent Labour Party/CCF Member of the Legislative Assembly John Queen was defeated. The 1941 election took place in a period of reduced support for the provincial CCF. The party had joined an all-party coalition government the previous year, with Farmer serving as Minister of Labour under Liberal-Progressive Premier John Bracken.
|
|
Dysentery and lung diseases were common. Despite those conditions, the Herero were taken outside the camp every day for labour under harsh treatment by the German guards, while the sick were left without any medical assistance or nursing care. Shootings, hangings, beatings, and other harsh treatment of the forced labourers (including use of sjamboks) were common. A 28 September 1905 article in the South African newspaper Cape Argus detailed some of the abuse with the heading: "In German S. W. Africa: Further Startling Allegations: Horrible Cruelty".
|
|
Previously, peasants under the Timar system enjoyed a relatively liberal system. Under the Chiflik system they were ruled as serfs. No longer free to work for their own monetary gain they now had to labour under the rule of a feudal lord many days a week plus a larger percent of their harvest was seized. This increased oppression often led to peasants migrating to areas away from Chiflik control, or in the case of Greek peasants to the mountains where Ottoman authority didn't exist.
|
|
The document stated: "This is Nelson Mandela, a citizen of the Republic of South Africa. He has permission to leave Tanganyika and return here." Tanganyika was chosen by other African leaders in May 1963 to be the headquarters of all the African liberation movements under the leadership of President Julius Nyerere when they met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to form the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). John Mwakangale was also a Member of Parliament and served in the cabinet as Minister of Labour under Nyerere in the early part of independence.
|
|
In 1950 he and Arthur Prest founded the Mid-West Party. Enahoro had already started the Mid-West Press and he published the Nigerian newspaper from 1950 to 1953. The Mid-West Party became part of the Action Group in 1951. During the Nigerian crisis that followed the 1966 coups, Enahoro was the leader of the then Mid-West delegation to the Ad Hoc Constitutional Conference in Lagos. He later became Federal Commissioner (Minister) for Information and Labour under the General Yakubu Gowon Military Government, 1967–74; Federal Commissioner for Special Duties, 1975.
|
|
Oberschlesische Lokfabrik Krenau took over Polish manufacturer Fablok and used forced labour under threat of death. Identical engines were produced in Vienna, Kassel, Berlin, Munich, Stuttgart, Kirchen, Plzeň (Pilsen), and Strasbourg. The manufacture of electric locomotives as Kriegslokomotiven was a special case, because they could only be used in the core network where there was the working infrastructure able to supply the current: power stations, overhead transmission lines, electricity substations and catenary. As a rule, locomotives were preferred that were dependent on additional infrastructure as little as possible.
|
|
The Parliament of England placed the upkeep of bridges to local settlements or the containing county under the Bridges Act 1530 and in 1555 the care of roads was similarly devolved to the parishes as statute labour under the Highways Act 1555. Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four consecutive days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses. The work was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, the Surveyor of Highways. It was not until 1654 that road rates were introduced.
|
|
The controversial Community Charge (commonly called the "Poll Tax"), used to fund local government was unpopular and the Conservatives removed Thatcher as Prime Minister in 1990. Thatcher's successor John Major replaced the Poll Tax with the Council Tax and oversaw successful British involvement in the Gulf War. Despite a recession, Major led the Conservatives to a surprise victory in 1992. The events of Black Wednesday in 1992, party disunity over the European Union and several scandals involving Conservative politicians led to Labour under Tony Blair winning a landslide election victory in 1997.
|
|
The day before the meeting, on Saturday 19 April 1879, Daly's announcement in the Connaught Telegraph read :- > IRISHTOWN TENANT-RIGHT MEETING > On to-morrow (Sunday) a mass meeting of the tenant farmers of Mayo, Galway, > and Roscommon will be held at Irishtown, a few miles outside Claremorris, > for the purpose of representing to the world the many and trying ordeals and > grievances the tenant farmers labour under. There will be several leading > gentlemen present who will speak on the occasion, amongst whom will be John > O'C. Power, Esq., M.P., John Ferguson, Esq.
|
|
The company's decline was partly arrested by the Natives on Private Estates Ordinance 1928, which made rents in cash or kind an alternative to labour under thangata. After Sanderson died, he was replaced by Captain Kincaid-Smith, who became general manager in 1931. Kincaid-Smith was able to acquire large quantities of tenants’ tobacco, as 150 pounds (about 70 kilograms) of dark-fired leaf was required to satisfy their annual rent; he also bought amounts in excess of rents in kind, deferring payment until the tobacco was sold.L. White, (1987).
|
|
This was won by architect Roy Chipps of Rockhampton. The Queensland Department of Labour granted the Gladstone Town Council a subsidy of nearly to employ labour under the Unemployed Worker's Scheme; i.e. men receiving the dole were not eligible for relief work until their sustenance rights were exhausted, and then when given work, were to be employed on a rotational basis of 13 weeks continuous work rather than the 1 or 2 days per week under the usual day labour system. Work commenced about September 1933, under the foremanship of Mr FH Cecil of Brisbane.
|
|
Unfree labour (or forced labour) is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), compulsion,forced labour under German rule during World War II through Service du travail obligatoire of Vichy France or other forms of extreme hardship to themselves or members of their families. Unfree labour workers from plovdiv during WW2 Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps.
|
|
Close-up of the Breastshot wheel. After its closure the pumping station lay derelict until the late 1960s, when the Kennet and Avon Canal Trust proposed to the British Waterways Board that students from the University of Bath conduct a survey and report on the viability of returning the pumping station to working order. Work started in 1969 with engineering students from Bath providing the labour under the supervision of John Butt, and the Trust providing the funding. Within the building rotten woodwork was replaced and electric lighting installed.
|
|
The motto, absque labore nihil, means "nothing without labour". Under the terms of the Public Health Acts 1873 and 1875 Stalybridge corporation, like other municipal boroughs governed under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, was designated as the authority governing the urban sanitary district. The borough, both on the Lancashire and Cheshire sides of the river, was placed wholly within the administrative county of Cheshire in 1889, under the Local Government Act 1888, and Cheshire was adopted as the postal county for the entire town. The town is now part of the SK postcode area.
|
|
Starting with the camp at Mauthausen, the number of subcamps expanded over time and by the summer of 1940 Mauthausen and its subcamps had become one of the largest labour camp complexes in the German-controlled part of Europe. As at other Nazi concentration camps, the inmates at Mauthausen and its subcamps were forced to work as slave labour, under conditions that caused many deaths. Mauthausen and its subcamps included quarries, munitions factories, mines, arms factories and plants assembling Me 262 fighter aircraft. In January 1945, the camps contained roughly 85,000 inmates.
|
|
Fitzgerald was also Vice-President of the Cork County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. Fitzgerald was first appointed to the Irish Government in 1977 when he became Minister for Labour under Jack Lynch. He backed George Colley in the 1979 Fianna Fáil leadership election but retained his office under the eventual victor, Charles Haughey. His appointment as Minister for Finance in 1980 caused some political commentators to be taken aback, particularly because of his political inexperience and also Fitzgerald had never been named as a possible Finance Minister.
|
|
Totaleinsatz (German: "total deployment") was a colloquial term of young Czechs for forced labour under German rule during World War II during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. 400,000 Czechs worked as forced labour in Germany. This was a subset of the Arbeitseinsatz for German men but with ambiguity as to the status of Czechs under the "Protectorate" of Bohemia and Moravia. The Czech conscripted labourers as 'inferior Slavs' were generally were treated worse than the French and Dutch, but not as badly as de facto slave labourers like the Ukrainian Ostarbeiter.
|
|
We have been informed of the stand taken by the Thompson River, Shuswap, and Okanagan tribes, as per their declaration of July 16th, 1910. We have learned of the Indian Rights Association of B.C., and have also heard the glad news that the Ottawa government will help us to obtain our rights. As we are in the same position in regard to our lands, etc., and labour under the same disadvantages as the other tribes of B.C., we resolved to join with them in their movement for our mutual rights.
|
|
Bannatyne supported the Conservative Party under Margaret Thatcher, but switched to support New Labour under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. On appearing on the Question Time panel on 7 February 2008, he revealed having been a donor to the Labour Party under Blair. He also voiced his support for Brown, but criticised the Cabinet for what he described as "petty squabbles based on personal ambition". In March 2011, Bannatyne appeared to switch political affiliations again, by backing certain measures imposed in Chancellor George Osborne's budget even though he mocked the government a few months earlier.
|
|
As imperial Germany made way for republican Germany, during 1919 the Woodworkers' Union moved its national headquarters from Stuttgart to Berlin, and Leipart relinquished the union chairmanship. At around the same time, in the People's State of Württemberg ("Volksstaat Württemberg"), he accepted an invitation to join the regional government as Minister for Labour under the regional minister-president Wilhelm Blos in July 1919. That appointment lasted just over a year, since the Blos government collapsed in August 1920. Meanwhile, on 6 June 1920 the first regional elections of the republican era were held.
|
|
Since 1991 he has emerged as a freelance academic and writer. In recent years Thomas Kuczynski's public profile has been raised with the publication of his study of compensation claims for forced labour victims of the Nazi years ("Entschädigungsansprüche für Zwangsarbeit im ‚Dritten Reich‘ auf der Basis der damals erzielten zusätzlichen Einnahmen und Gewinne"). Kuczynski concluded that the German Federal Republic should pay victims of forced labour under Nazi Germany approximately 180 Billion Deutsche Marks. Later, in his book "Brosamen vom Herrentisch", he increased his estimate to 228 Billion Deutsche Marks (equivalent to €116 Billion).
|
|
The Party Line is a British radio sitcom, co-written by Steve Punt and Hugh Dennis, and produced by Adam Bromley. It was originally broadcast on BBC Radio 4 between 2005 and 2008. The show stars James Fleet as Duncan Stonebridge, a Labour Member of Parliament for the imaginary Rothershurst, which appears to be a marginal constituency in the north of England, one which was traditionally Conservative but turned Labour under Tony Blair. In line with the national trend, the elections of 2005 saw Stonebridge's majority reduced to 27.
|
|
Creating Kiwibank has been cited as Anderton's greatest legacy By the late 1990s, Labour under Helen Clark had largely purged itself of the influence of Roger Douglas. Realising that the cost of a split in the left-wing vote would be a continuance of the National government, Labour and the Alliance agreed to form a coalition for the 1999 election. Anderton became Deputy Prime Minister after National lost the election. He was also given the newly created post of Minister of Economic Development, which had an emphasis on job creation and regional development initiatives.
|
|
War ended, formally, in May 1945. Drach was interned in 1948/9 and taken back to Luxembourg to face justice. In 1949 he was sentenced to 15 years of forced labour in respect of his activities as prosecutor with the wartime Special Court, and at a further trial before the same court in 1951 he was sentenced to 20 years of forced labour under the terms of war crimes legislation. However, it was determined that the two sentences should be served simultaneously, and should be set at a total duration of only 15 years.
|
|
During the Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648, the castle was destroyed but after 1648, thanks to its Doggererz iron ore reserves, the town experienced a short lived expansion. Doggererz mine was reopened and ore extracted once again from 1934 to 1942, the time of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi Germany. In Nazi Germany itself and throughout German-occupied Europe the use of Forced labour under German rule during World War II was widespread, and Blumberg has a memorial honoring these workers as also in Doggererz AG Zwangsarbeiter were used as miners.
|
|
A typical CVR scene, circa 1931: the small country station and giant apple warehouses of Sheffield Mills The Cornwallis Valley Railway was formed in 1887 by merchants in Canning, Nova Scotia, and Kentville including the Member of Parliament Frederick William Borden. Canning merchant Stephen Sheffield was the president.Carmen Miller, A Knight in Politics: A Biography of Frederick William Borden, p. 59 Built with local labour under professional supervision, the line opened on December 22, 1890, leasing rolling stock and terminal facilities from the Windsor and Annapolis Railway (W&A;) in Kentville.
|
|
The cooperation of workers would be secured by the common interest in the ideal of full employment. The book was written in the context of an economy which would have to transfer from wartime direction to peace time. Government direction of labour (under the Essential Works Order) would cease, and workers would have a free choice of occupation. Beveridge argued that pre-war unemployment, that hit great heights during the 1930s depression, was due to ineffective demand for industrial products, imperfect labour mobility and general labour market disorganisation.
|
|
He again mentioned a conspiracy, suggesting that "Butler had been plotting to divide the party on the Common Market, and bring him [Macmillan] down." Despite the upswing in the Conservatives' fortunes which followed after the disapproval over the reshuffle abated, the Party suffered further problems. Macmillan's government was rocked by the Vassall and Profumo affairs the following year, and Macmillan decided to step down in October 1963, citing ill-health. He was replaced as Prime Minister by Sir Alec Douglas-Home, but the Conservatives were defeated in the 1964 general election by Labour under Harold Wilson.
|
|
He promulgated laws that applied to both Indians and Spanish alike. He tried to adapt the political and social structures of the Incas to life in the viceroyalty. He also used the old system of mita, which had been a form of corvee labour under the Incas, as a form of forced native labor. Under his reforms of the mita, no more than one seventh of the male population of a village could be conscripted, they could not be forced to work far from their native villages, and they were entitled to compensation for their labor.
|
|
In March 2017, the three living members of the SDP Gang of Four all said Jeremy Corbyn should step down as leader before the next general election originally scheduled for 2020 under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act. In the 2017 general election, Labour under Corbyn again finished as the second-largest party in parliament, but the party increased their share of the popular vote to 40%, resulting in a net gain of 30 seats and a hung parliament. The Independent Group have been described as similar to the Gang of Four, which was backed by Bill Rodgers.
|
|
On 20 September 2001 the Sejm of the Republic of Poland introduced a special bill devoted to commemoration of Poland's citizens subjected to forced labour under German rule during World War II. The bill confirmed various categories of camp victims as defined during the founding of the Institute of National Remembrance (Dz.U.97.141.943), but most importantly, named every Nazi German concentration camp and subcamp with Polish nationals in them. The list was compiled for legal purposes as reference for survivors seeking international recognition and/or compensation action. It included Soviet and Stalinist places of detention as well.
|
|
Bonded child labour is a system of forced, or partly forced, labour under which the child, or child's parent enter into an agreement, oral or written, with a creditor. The child performs work as in-kind repayment of credit. In the 2005 ILO report, debt-bondage in India emerged during the colonial period, as a means of obtaining reliable cheap labour, with loan and land-lease relationships implemented during that era of Indian history. These were regionally called Hali, or Halwaha, or Jeura systems; and was named by the colonial administration as the indentured labour system.
|
|
Masada has the aim of overthrowing the Commissioner and preventing the creation of a feudal society; its other members include Keith Rhodes (who was responsible for blowing up the lorry), Danny's former P.E. teacher, and Kim. The protagonists discover that a concentration camp has been erected on a farm outside of Skipley, with the remaining able-bodied population being used as slave labour under the Commissioner's rule. Members of Masada decide to step up their campaign of resistance, and launch a night raid on the camp. After a battle, the Commissioner is overthrown and Branwell is established as the new leader.
|
|
From 2002 to 2006, Haseloff served as State Secretary at the State Ministry for Economic Affairs and Labour under minister Horst Rehberger in the first cabinet of Minister-President Wolfgang Böhmer. In 2006, he succeeded Rehberger and became a member of Böhmer’s second cabinet. In the negotiations to form a coalition government of the Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) following the 2009 federal elections, Haseloff was part of the CDU/CSU delegation in the working group on labour and social affairs, led by Ronald Pofalla and Dirk Niebel.
|
|
Fisher failed to persuade the Governor-General Lord Dudley to dissolve Parliament. The Deakin CLP government was in power for less than a year until the 1910 election, where Labour under Fisher formed Australia's first elected federal majority government, and the first elected Senate majority, winning 42 of the 75 seats in the House of Representatives to the Liberal's 31. Deakin retired from Parliament in April 1913 and Cook took over the Liberal leadership before the calling of the 1913 election. The Liberals under Cook won government in 1913 by a single seat, however, Labor retained a Senate majority.
|
|
Steel-Maitland served under David Lloyd George as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1915 to 1917. The latter year he was created a Baronet, of Sauchie in the County of Stirling. He then held office under Lloyd George as Secretary for Overseas Trade in his capacity as Head of the Department of Overseas Trade (Development and Intelligence) from 1917 to 1919. In 1924 he was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Minister of Labour under Stanley Baldwin, with a seat in the cabinet, a post he retained until the government fell in June 1929.
|
|
He was told that Seth Khora Ramji, whose mines lay underneath Jharia, had chosen to live in his house, which also collapsed in subsidance(Page 160). 'The politics of labour under late colonialism:workers, unions, and the state in Chota Nagpur, 1928–1939 by Dilip Simeon.' The Jharia Raj was part of Manbhum district, the headquarters of which was Bangsoorna later shifted to Govindpur. In 1904 it was decided by Sir Andrew Fraser, the Lt. Governor of Bengal that the headquarters of the subdivision should be transferred from Govindpur to Dhanbad. The actual transfer, however, took place on 27 June 1908.
|
|
However, after the construction the employer dishonours his promise, and Arap tried to fight, but he finds himself at the prison. The labour under an illusionment of Arap symbolizes the labor exploitation and lack of social security. Hacı has been imprisoned because of the double-crossing of a prostitute, whom he dreamed to live with. Hacı's drama does not only narrates loneliness and lovelessness. At the same time, it shows the by-products of the capitalist order, which develop alongside but which are not visible as long as one “keeps out”, like worthlessness, prostitiution, procuration, and bravado.
|
|
U.S. Ambassador Robert Tuttle on 7 October 2005 in Cardiff. Rhodri Morgan campaigning in 2003 On 1 May 2003, Labour under Morgan's leadership was re-elected in the Assembly elections. Morgan managed to win enough seats to form a Labour-only administration (the election was held under proportional representation, and Labour won 30 of the 60 seats in the Assembly and the overall majority was achieved when Dafydd Elis-Thomas AM was elected Presiding Officer of the Assembly) and named his cabinet on 9 May. In that election, Labour easily took back all of the former strongholds they lost to Plaid Cymru at the height of Alun Michael's unpopularity in 1999.
|
|
The other two "Hus" were Hu Keshi, who was the second most senior member of the Communist Youth League, and Hu Qili, who was third most senior in the Communist Youth League and who had also become a close associate of Deng Xiaoping. After being publicly humiliated, Hu was sent to an isolated work camp to participate in "reformation through labour" under strict security. While in political exile Hu was forced to work hauling large boulders by hand. When Deng was temporarily recalled to Beijing, from 1973–1976, Hu was also recalled; but, when Deng was purged again, in 1976, Hu was also purged.
|
|
Vargas and the local leaders chose the third option and established the Philippine Executive Commission to manage initially Greater Manila, and was later expanded to cover the whole of the Philippines. Vargas assumed the chairmanship of the Philippine Executive Commission and appointed to the post of Mayor of Greater Manila in 1942, Leon G. Guinto Sr., a Secretary of Labour under the Philippine Commonwealth administration of President Manuel L. Quezon. Guinto held the position of Mayor of Greater Manila until the liberation of the city. On October 20, 1944, American and Philippine Commonwealth troops, led by American General Douglas MacArthur, began the reconquest of the Philippines. Gen.
|
|
The two storey building was designed in 1936, and erected by day labour under supervising contractors ARP Crow & Sons in 1936, to replace the first town hall built in 1875. It adopts an unusual eclectic Romaneque or even Byzantine mode, which had previously influenced Plottel for his St Kilda Synagogue, arranged in a formal Palladian manner with a central classical portico with attached receding wings either side. It is the only example of this style applied to a town hall in Victoria. The exterior incorporates a finely detailed entrance loggia with Corinthian columns, variegated brown brickwork highlighted with intricately modelled buff faience work and a terracotta tile mansard roof.
|
|
Croizat served as Minister of Labour under the général de Gaulle from 21 November 1945 to 26 January 1946, and Minister of Labour and Social security from 26 January to 16 December 1946 (governments of Felix Gouin and Georges Bidault) and from 22 January to 4 May 1947 (government of Paul Ramadier, to the end of the communist participation in the government). He participated in the foundation of the Social security system: health insurance, pensions system, child benefit, and broad reform of French labour laws, through the creation of employee representative committees, occupational medicine, regulation of overtime, and a change of statute for miners.
|
|
Ahead of the 1992 general election, the Conservatives were campaigning for a fourth straight election victory, having recently replaced Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister with John Major. But with Labour consistently albeit narrowly ahead, with the economy approaching recession and the Conservatives racked by internal divisions, Labour under Neil Kinnock were expected to win. However, the Conservatives confounded the polls and won the election, receiving the most votes at any general election in history, although they returned only 10 more MPs than they needed for a majority. Kinnock announced his resignation and Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer John Smith was elected to succeed him in July 1992.
|
|
During the 19th century, terraces were cut into the hillside to make room for more burials. The churchyard contains the grave of MP Ray Gunter (1909–1977), Minister of Labour under Prime Minister Harold Wilson. The grave of Lieutenant Roy Graham (1924–2007), who led the 1967 naval diving expedition that discovered the wreck of Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell's flagship , can be found in one of the newer sections of the cemetery. Harold Wilson, Lord Wilson of Rievaulx KG OBE FRS PC, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970 and again from 1974 to 1976, was buried in the churchyard in May 1995.
|
|
New Labour, New Life for Britain was a political manifesto published in 1996 by the British Labour Party. The party had recently rebranded itself as New Labour under Tony Blair. The manifesto set out the party's new "Third Way" centrist approach to policy, with subsequent success at the 1997 general election.new Labour because Britain deserves better - Political Science Resources. Access date: 10 July 2012. The 1997 general election produced the biggest Labour majority in the history of the party's existence. They won 418 seats, with a majority of 179.1997: Labour landslide ends Tory rule - BBC News. Last updated: 15 April 2005, Access date: 10 July 2012.
|
|
The Minister of Labour under the Trade Boards Act 1909 and the Trade Boards Act 1918 made an order applicable to boot and shop repairing called the Trade Boards (Boot and Shoe Repairing) Order 1919. This established a trade board to fix minimum rates of wages for managers and other classes of workers in the trade. It did so and the Minister of Labour confirmed them by an order on 8 August 1922. Mr France claimed the minimum wage applied to him from his employer, James Coombes & Co. He repaired boots, and so was physically working, for less than half the time he was in the shop.
|
|
In 1999, Raguvanshi founded a community-based organisation, Jan Mitra Nyas (People-friendly Association), which was backed by ActionAid. The movement adopted three villages near Varanasi and an urban slum, with an objective of providing better education to the children there. He was elected in 2001 into the executive council of Voice of People, supported by Child Rights and You (CRY), an organisation active in 15 districts of Uttar Pradesh, which works for the rights of the children. He was appointed as a member of the District Vigilance Committee on Bonded Labour under Bonded Labour abolition Act 1976 by the Governor of UP in 2002.
|
|
The lake at Eastville Park was instigated as part of a social scheme by Ernest Bevin (a well-respected westcountryman), who later became Minister of Labour under Churchill in the coalition government of WW2 and later Foreign Secretary in the Attlee Government from 1945 until his death. A large railway viaduct known as 'The Thirteen Arches' for obvious reasons, once ran through the area, roughly parallel to the current Muller Road; it was demolished in 1968. This was part of the Clifton Extension Railway. The Eastville Workhouse, originally the Barton Regis Union Workhouse, was a former French Prison which was bought from the Government circa 1832.
|
|
As Election New Zealand data revealed that the Outdoor Recreation Party still provided about 1% of the vote, 4.8% of the previous vote had gone elsewhere. During 2004–2005, the National Party had made renewed efforts to attract social conservative voters, through adoption of anti-abortion and anti-same-sex marriage voting records. Following the 2005 election, New Zealand First and United Future entered into a confidence and supply agreement with Labour, under which Dunne became Minister of Revenue, outside Cabinet. In March 2006 Outdoor Recreation New Zealand split with United Future, due to a dissatisfaction with what it saw as the Christian evangelism within the party.
|
|
The Debate did not pass without receiving criticism in regards to its attempts to define Australia's national identity. One British reviewer of the 1890s declared: > The delusion these writers [of 'The Bulletin' school] labour under is trying > to be too exclusively Australian, by which they come merely provincial. That > a man's lot should be cast in the wilds of Australia is no reason that his > whole inner life should be taken up with the glorification of shearers or > the ridicule of jackaroos. And a genuine Australian poetry can only arise > when such matters fall into their true place and assume their relatively > small artistic importance.
|
|
Henry Betterton 1929 Betterton was elected Member of Parliament for Rushcliffe in Nottingham in 1918. He served under Stanley Baldwin as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour between 1923 and 1924 and again between 1924 and 1929. When the National Government was formed in 1931 he was sworn of the Privy Council and made Minister of Labour under Ramsay MacDonald, a post he held until 1934, when he left from House of Commons after appointment as the chair of the Unemployment Assistance Board. Betterton was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1918 and a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1920.
|
|
During the run up to the 2010 general election, Caine publicly endorsed the Conservative Party and appeared with then-party leader David Cameron for the launch of a civilian non- compulsory "National Service" for sixteen-year-olds, although Caine stated he had previously supported New Labour under the leadership of Tony Blair in 1997. In July 2014, Caine was reported to have been a celebrity investor in a tax avoidance scheme called Liberty. In November 2014, Caine described the proposed mansion tax by then Labour leader Ed Miliband as "preposterous and silly." Caine voted in favour of Brexit in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, stating he would rather be a "poor master than a rich servant".
|
|
Rohingya people in Rakhine State Sectarian clashes occur sporadically in Rakhine State, often between the Buddhist Rakhine people who are majority in the southern part, and Rohingya Muslims who are majority in the north. Before the riots, there were widespread and strongly held fears circulating among Buddhist Rakhines that they would soon become a minority in all of Arakan, and not just the northern part, which has long been a Muslim majority. The Burmese government classifies the Rohingya as "immigrants" to Burma and denies them full citizenship. Due to their lack of citizenship, they were previously subject to restrictions on government education, officially recognised marriages, and along with ethnic Rakhines, endured forced labour under the military government.
|
|
The Sir Joseph Cook Collection is of state heritage significance for its incorporation of unique items such as the document commissioning Sir Joseph as Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales. Eskbank House is of state heritage significance as a fine example of an early 1840s Victorian Georgian-style homestead complex, constructed with the assistance of convict labour under the supervision of a highly skilled stonemason, and demonstrating the principal characteristics of its type. The Lithgow Pottery Collection is of state heritage significance as NSW's largest collection of Lithgow pottery.
|
|
The majority in the Militant tendency, led by Peter Taaffe, argued that the Labour Party had become a thoroughly bourgeois party which no longer represented the working class. Militant went on to become Militant Labour and then the Socialist Party in 1997, with Taaffe as general secretary. It campaigns in the trade unions to break the link with Labour and found a new party based on the working class, in contrast to the supporters of Socialist Appeal, who support a policy of work within the Labour Party and the trade unions in opposition to New Labour under Tony Blair. Internationally, Taaffe won majority support in the Committee for a Workers' International (CWI).
|
|
It required the provision of a basic level of education for all apprentices, as well as adequate sleeping accommodation and clothing. Earl of Shaftesbury led a campaign to abolish child labour, which led to the passage of a series of Factory Acts in the mid 19th century. The rapid industrialisation of manufacturing at the turn of the 19th century led to a rapid increase in child employment, and public opinion was steadily made aware of the terrible conditions these children were forced to endure. The Factory Act of 1819 was the outcome of the efforts of the industrialist Robert Owen and prohibited child labour under nine years of age and limited the working day to twelve.
|
|
In March 1979, a vote of no confidence issued by Tory opposition leader Margaret Thatcher sparked the collapse of the Labour government and in the election in May that year, the Tories returned to power. In the first year of the Thatcher-led Tory government inflation rose to 15.3%, but then fell to 5% by the time of their election win in 1983. However, the monetarist policies designed to curb inflation caused a recession in 1980 and resulted in a steep rise in unemployment from 5.4% (1,390,46 people) to 11.5% (3,104,66 people). It was not until 2000, by which time Labour had been re- elected as New Labour under Tony Blair that unemployment fell to the level in 1979.
|
|
This technique is known as triangulation and was used by Bill Clinton and other New Democrats who sought to move beyond the party's New Deal liberalism reputation in response to the political realignment of the 1980s. Through this strategy, Clinton adopted themes associated with the Republican Party, such as fiscal conservatism, welfare reform, deregulation and law and order policies. Famously, he declared in the 1996 State of the Union Address that "the era of big government is over". In the United Kingdom, the emergence of New Labour under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown was a pitch for the Third Way, mixing economic neoliberal policies, such as banking privatisation, with socially progressive policies.
|
|
After 23 days in court, the judge ruled that on the balance of probabilities that Johnson did use Krovar on the orchard, thus making Johnson liable for damages for this loss. Pritchard J said "This provision relates to common mistake - where both parties labour under the same mistake. By requiring as a condition of relief that both parties be "influenced in their respective decisions", the Act cannot mean that both parties must be induced by the mistake to enter into the contract". The judge awarded damages for loss of profits of $206,913.42, although the judge reduced this by $48,000 for the interest they owed the Johnsons for a mortgage on the farm.
|
|
Radio Festival Vine's career at the BBC included reading the news on the radio in Northern Ireland and working as a researcher on the BBC1 series Heart of the Matter. In 1989, he became a regular reporter on the BBC Radio 4 programme Today, filing reports from across Europe. While working for Today, he published two comic novels set amidst the modern Church of England, including Forget Heaven, Just Kiss Me (1992) and The Whole World in My Hands (1993). The novels were not successful and Vine now regards them as juvenilia. In the mid-1990s, Vine became familiar with BBC TV viewers as a political reporter, which included reporting on the ascent of New Labour under Tony Blair.
|
|
She is an active participant in the women's network of the International Trade Unions Confederation. Currently, under the leadership of L.S. Akhmetova, the Commission is actively working on the issues of women workers, labour and safety, maternity and health of women, family and children, leisure and welfare. In addition, she is a member of the National Coordinating Council for combatting the worst forms of child labour under the Ministry of Social Development of Kazakhstan as well as the Deputy Chairman (2008–2011) and member (2011–current time) of the Almaty City Council for Cooperation and Interaction with non-governmental organizations under the Akimat of Almaty. She is also involved with the NGO Council under the Government of Kazakhstan.
|
|
In 1906, the French administration in the town arranged for the original mosque to be rebuilt and at the same time for a school to be constructed on the site of Seku Amadu's mosque. The rebuilding was completed in 1907 using forced labour under the direction of Ismaila Traoré, head of Djenné's guild of masons. From photographs taken at the time, it appears the position of at least some of the outer walls follows those of the original mosque but it is unclear as to whether the columns supporting the roof kept to the previous arrangement. What was almost certainly novel in the rebuilt mosque was the symmetric arrangement of three large towers in the qibla wall.
|
|
It appears increasingly today that the new concept of "commodity fetishism," which has nothing to do with a hoax of consciousness (an inverted representation), is the central part of the intellectual heritage of Marx. "Commodity fetishism" is not a misrepresentation, nor an exaggerated adoration, of goods. The "fetish" instead is to be referred to the structure of the commodity. It is then a theory of "objective fetishism" (Jappe) or radicalized, that is to say, so long as value (the objectification of the specific function of the spirit of labour under capitalism), the goods and money, society is actually governed by the self-movement of created things themselves, and not by the subjective manipulation of the ruling classes.
|
|
Postone analyzed antisemitism against the Marxian notion of the dual character of the commodity category. And he observed that the characteristics that antisemitism attributes to Jews are the same as for value: abstraction, invisibility, automation, impersonal domination. Postone argued that the form of socialization under capitalism (the historically specific function of the spirit of labour under capitalism) makes it possible to separate the concrete (as socially "natural" sound, true, etc.). This opposition between the concrete and the abstract, determined by social forms, pervades all forms of subjectivity, and thus helps to understand a central feature of the National Socialist ideology, because this ideology was not fundamentally anti-modern and it would be wrong to label it as such.
|
|
On Allotments 1, 2 and 3, there is archaeological evidence for both extensions and outbuildings, which doubled, or more than doubled the available floor space. On the basis of room size and also living space, the Deputy Superintendent of Convicts and the Free Overseers were housed to a high standard in buildings constructed by convict labour under the supervision of the military engineer or inspector of public works. In fact they enjoyed a standard of accommodation above that occupied by others in a similar social or economic position. The artifact assemblage reveals that the Free Overseers enjoyed a standard of living consistent with others, who could not afford to purchase property, but lived in rented accommodation.
|
|
Two other buildings stand within the grounds of St Thomas', namely the Military Surgeon's Residence and the Hospital Dispensary which were also erected by convict labour under military supervision between the years 1821 and 1823. By 1847, both buildings were transferred form the Crown to the Church. Under the supervision of the Reverend Thomas Hassall, a Church School was established and by May 1825 it was reported to the Archdeacon of the Colony, Thomas Hobbs Scott, that Gamaliel Farrell was schoolmaster with 56 pupils. When St Thomas' was opened in 1828, the school moved into the nave of the Church and later into the surgeon's dispensary when it ceased to be used by the government medical officer.
|
|
In December 2006, Major led calls for an independent inquiry into Tony Blair's decision to invade Iraq, following revelations made by Carne Ross, a former British senior diplomat, that contradicted Blair's case for the invasion. He was touted as a possible Conservative candidate for the Mayor of London elections in 2008, but turned down an offer from Conservative leader David Cameron. A spokesperson for Major said "his political career is behind him". Following the 2010 general election Major announced his support for the Cameron–Clegg coalition, and stated that he hoped for a "liberal conservative" alliance beyond 2015, criticising Labour under Ed Miliband for playing "party games" rather than serving the national interest.
|
|
After the Second World War and its social and economic effects, disagreements and strikes increased in different parts of the country, these pressures made the government of prime minister Ahmad Qavam to establish an independent office as "General Office of Labour" under the "Ministry of Profession and Art"وزارت پیشه و هنر in 1944.History of Labour ministry, Aftab, Retrieved on July 2, 2010. (In Persian) It couldn't solve the existed problems, so they came to a conclusion that in order to overcome the problems, they should pass a law for labour regulations. The first Labour law was approved by cabinet (but not the parliament) on May 18, 1946, in a special situation where the labour strikes was going to take a political aspect.
|
|
The free German settlers were valued for their knowledge of the culture of the vine. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Dunmore House has potential to provide evidence of two forms of early colonial settlement - in its use of convict labour under private assignment for constructing the buildings and farming the estate, as well as the migration, settlement and use of skilled free settlers mostly from Scotland and Germany for farming the estate and establishing a society modelled, it seems, on Scotland. The property also provides evidence of early 19th century farming practices, architecture and building techniques used in the settlement of the early New South Wales colony.
|
|
Some National Party MPs defected to a new grouping, United New Zealand in mid-1995 whilst other splinter parties emerged. And, as a result of the new electoral mechanics, the New Zealand First party, led by former National MP and former Cabinet minister Winston Peters, held the balance of power after the 1996 election. After a prolonged period of negotiation lasting nearly two months, in which New Zealand First played National and Labour off against each other (both parties negotiated complete coalition agreements), New Zealand First entered into a coalition with National despite the fact many expected Peters to form such a coalition with Labour. Under the coalition agreement, Peters became Deputy Prime Minister and had the post of Treasurer especially created by the Crown for him.
|
|
These were the first elections to be contested by Labour under the leadership of Michael Foot, who had succeeded James Callaghan in late 1980. Elections took place for the county councils and the Greater London Council, which elected 50 Labour councillors, 41 Conservatives and 1 Liberal. In terms of the county councils, changes in party control were as follows; Labour gain from Conservative: Cumbria, Derbyshire, Lancashire, Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire Labour gain from no overall control: Northumberland Conservative lose to no overall control: Bedfordshire, Gloucestershire, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire Liberal gain from Conservative: Isle of Wight Labour gained 988 overall seats, bringing their number of councillors to 8,999. These was the first electoral test for Labour leader Michael Foot, who had become Labour leader in November 1980.
|
|
In 1997, the Labour Party under the leadership of Tony Blair won the general election in a landslide, after 18 years of Conservative Party rule. Despite later calling Labour under Blair "the idea of a Conservative group who had taken over Labour" and saying "[Blair] set up a new political party, New Labour", his political diaries Free at Last show that Benn was initially somewhat sympathetic to Blair, welcoming a change of government. Benn supported the introduction of the national minimum wage, and welcomed the progress towards peace and security in Northern Ireland (particularly under Mo Mowlam). He was supportive of the extra money given to public services in the New Labour years but believed it to be under the guise of privatisation.
|
|
Soviet POWs at work in Minsk, Belarus. July 1941 In January 1942, Hitler authorized better treatment of Soviet POWs because the war had bogged down, and German leaders decided to use prisoners for forced labour on a large scale (see forced labour under German rule during World War II).Forced labor: Soviet POWs January 1942 through May 1945 USHMM Their number increased from barely 150,000 in 1942, to the peak of 631,000 in the summer of 1944. Many were dispatched to the coal mines (between July 1 and November 10, 1943, 27,638 Soviet POWs died in the Ruhr Area alone), while others were sent to Krupp, Daimler-Benz or other companies, where they provided labour while often being slowly worked to death.
|
|
The 1935 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 14 November 1935 and resulted in a large, albeit reduced, majority for the National Government now led by Stanley Baldwin of the Conservative Party. The greatest number of members, as before, were Conservatives, while the National Liberal vote held steady. The much smaller National Labour vote also held steady but the resurge in the main Labour vote caused over a third of their MPs, including National Labour leader Ramsay MacDonald, to lose their seats. Labour, under what was then regarded internally as the caretaker leadership of Clement Attlee following the resignation of George Lansbury slightly over a month before, made large gains over their very poor showing at the 1931 general election, and saw their highest share of the vote (until 1945).
|
|
In his April 2002 budget, Brown increased National Insurance to pay for health spending. He also introduced working tax credits,The impact of tax and benefit changes between April 2000 and April 2003 on parents' labour supply Blundell, R., M. Brewer and A. Shepherd, Institute for Fiscal Studies, Briefing Note No. 52, 2004 and in his last budget as Chancellor, Brown gave an extra £3 billion in pension allowances, an increase in the child tax credit, and an increase in the working tax credit. These increases were followed by another £1 billion of support for increases in the child tax credit.Whatever it Takes: The Real Story of Gordon Brown and New Labour Under Brown, the tax code, the standard guide to tax, doubled in length to 17,000 pages.
|
|
It was reported that Horlick tried to become a Labour MP in the 1997 United Kingdom general election, and told the Sunday Express that she hoped "that Tony Blair will win the election". In a May 2017 LinkedIn blog post, Horlick stated that her preferred outcome at the forthcoming 2017 United Kingdom general election was a hung parliament. Horlick encouraged voters in constituencies "where Labour won last time" to vote Labour (under then leader Jeremy Corbyn) so that the UK would "not end up with 'hard' Brexit", and that "the important thing is to avoid a large Tory majority if we are to protect the economic future of our country". In the wake of the EU referendum, she wrote of her strong opposition to Brexit and cautious support of the Liberal Democrats.
|
|
Labour under Chris Watson doubled its vote at the 1903 federal election and continued to hold the balance of power. In April 1904, however, Watson and Alfred Deakin fell out over the issue of extending the scope of industrial relations laws concerning the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill to cover state public servants, the fallout causing Deakin to resign. Free Trade leader George Reid declined to take office, which saw Watson become the first Labour Prime Minister of Australia, and the world's first Labour head of government at a national level (Anderson Dawson had led a short-lived Labour government in Queensland in December 1899), though his was a minority government that lasted only four months. He was aged only 37, and is still the youngest Prime Minister in Australia's history.
|
|
The new party was initially known as Militant Labour, changing its name in 1997 to the Socialist Party in England and Wales while in Scotland Scottish Militant Labour instigated the formation of the Scottish Socialist Party. The split was caused by the Militant tendency's majority adoption of the Open Turn, Grant's continued support for the tactic of entryism within the Labour Party and what Grant and Woods claimed was the bureaucratic centralist degeneration of Militant's internal regime. After the debate and conference decision, the Militant tendency claimed that Grant and Woods had begun a separate organisation and had split from Militant whilst Grant and Woods claimed to have been expelled. The Socialist Party drew the conclusions that owing to the policies followed by Labour under Neil Kinnock, it was effectively a bourgeois political party.
|
|
Labour Prime Minister Norman Kirk (pictured in 1972) appointed Douglas as Postmaster-General in his Cabinet; this was Douglas's first ministerial role. Labour under Norman Kirk won the 1972 election, and the Labour parliamentary caucus elevated Douglas, then aged 34, to Cabinet rank. Thus, Douglas became the youngest Cabinet minister in 50 years. His father, and parliamentary colleague, Norman Douglas, then 62, failed to win a place in the ballot for Cabinet, and did not hide his bitter disappointment. On the day of the ballot, Kirk was so concerned by the extremity of Norman Douglas’s reaction, and its effects on his son, that he called Douglas’s mother to enlist her help. Kirk told his secretary, "It should have been the best day of Roger’s life but instead it was the worst".
|
|
The building was constructed by convict labour under military supervision and although was completed in February 1827, the first public service of worship was not held in the building until February 1828 upon the arrival from Windsor of the Reverend John Cross. At the time the population stood at 820 souls of which only 153 were free. This began the long and faithful ministry of "Parson Cross" as he was familiarly known, not only to the people of Port Macquarie but to all who resided on the Hastings, Wilson, Macleay and Manning Rivers for such was the extent of the parish until new ecclesiastical districts were established in 1858 and 1860 respectively. Just prior to the laying of the foundation stone, the Commandant Captain John Rolland died of sunstroke on 16 November 1824.
|
|
Paul Anderson (born 1959) is a British journalist and academic, chiefly known as the editor of several political journals. Educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and the London College of Printing, Anderson was deputy editor of European Nuclear Disarmament Journal (1984–87), reviews editor of Tribune (1986–1991), editor of Tribune (1991–93), and deputy editor of the New Statesman (1993–96), news editor of Red Pepper (1997–99) and deputy editor of the New Times (1999–2000). Since 1999 Anderson has worked as a contract subeditor on a number of publications, including The Guardian. Anderson is co- author with Nyta Mann of Safety First: The Making of New Labour (1997), an analysis of how the changes made by Neil Kinnock to Labour Party policies led to the development of New Labour under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.
|
|
The election delivered total victory to Labour under the leadership of Andrew Fisher. It delivered the first national Labour majority government in the world, the first national majority government in Australia, and the first Senate majority in Australia. The Fisher government was able to pass 113 Acts in the three years of the government, an unprecedented record, a period of reform unmatched in the Commonwealth up until that point. The Fisher government carried out many reforms dear to the labour movement in defence, constitutional matters, finance, transport and communications, and social security, such as establishing old-age and disability pensions, a maternity allowance and workers compensation, issuing Australia's first paper currency, forming the Royal Australian Navy, the commencement of construction for the Trans- Australian Railway, expanding the bench of the High Court of Australia, founding Canberra and establishing the government-owned Commonwealth Bank.
|
|
The paper notes are validated by means of a widely available device known as a "fake-meter"; in The Killing Machine, Kirth Gersen intercepts a communication that allows him to deduce how the validation process works, and hence how to counterfeit currency. Buying power of the SVU appears to be roughly on a par with the United States dollar or English pound sterling of the 1960s and 1970s; alcoholic beverages may cost less than one SVU, a luxury meal twenty or thirty SVU; minor officials may be effectively bribed for fifty SVU, more senior ones requiring hundreds or thousands according to the nature of the enterprise being suborned. In The Grey Prince on page 24 is a footnote defining the Standard Labour-value unit as the value of an hour of unskilled labour under standard conditions.
|
|
Act 1819, limited as it was, was a noteworthy step forward, in that it dealt with this wider scope of employment of children in cotton factories, and it is satisfactory to record that it was the outcome of the efforts and practical experiments of a great manufacturer, Robert Owen. Its provisions fell on every point lower than the aims he put forward on his own experience as practicable, and notably in its application only to cotton mills instead of all textile factories. Prohibition of child labour under nine years of age and limitation of the working day to twelve in the twenty-four (without specifying the precise hour of beginning and closing) were the main provisions of this act. No provision was made for enforcement of the law beyond such as was attempted in the act of 1802.
|
|
The Minister of the Interior is empowered to draw up regulations prohibiting or making conditions for the employment of young workers or women in dangerous or unhealthy industries. The provisions against truck cover not only all industrial workers engaged in manual labour under a contract with an employer, but also shopassistants; the special regulations against fines and deductions apply to factory workers and shops where at least 20 workers are employed. In mines under the law of 1884, which supplements the general mining law, employment of women and girls underground is prohibited; boys from 12 to 16 and girls from 12 to 18 may only be employed at light work above ground; 14 is the earliest age of admission for boys underground. The shifts from bank to bank must not exceed 12 hours, of which not more than to may be effective work.
|
|
When the referendum of 1979 failed to deliver the required mandate for devolution, the Nationalists withdrew their support for the Labour Government, resulting in a general election in 1979, which was won by the Conservatives. Despite being the only major party now opposing constitutional change and despite their reduced popularity and strength in Scotland, Conservative electoral victories in 1983, 1987 and 1992 ensured that no further legislative progress was made until the election of Labour under Tony Blair in 1997 led to a second devolution referendum. Again the Conservatives opposed devolution in the 1997 debate (although Heath personally supported Labour's proposals), but this time their opposition was unsuccessful, and the Scottish Parliament was created by the Scotland Act 1998. Subsequent to its creation, the Conservative Party has indicated its acceptance of Scottish devolution as an irreversible political fact.
|
|
Binao supported the French intervention and opposed the Menalamba rebellion against the French two years later. She was confirmed by the French as ruler or gouverneur principal of Nosy Be, which had effectively been converted into an internal protectorate within colonial Madagascar under the French politique des races (a form of divide and rule). Relations with the French deteriorated dramatically in 1918 when a serious dispute arose over the legitimacy of levying corvée labour under the traditional practice of fanompoana, in which Sakalava subjects paid their respects to their deceased ancestors and reconfirmed their loyalty to the monarch. Binao had been required to obtain French permission for work on the royal tombs but she had sought to evade it by sending a request which was timed to reach the colonial authorities after the work had already begun.
|
|
In the Constitution of India from 1950, articles 14-16, 19(1)(c), 23-24, 38, and 41-43A directly concern labour rights. Article 14 states everyone should be equal before the law, article 15 specifically says the state should not discriminate against citizens, and article 16 extends a right of "equality of opportunity" for employment or appointment under the state. Article 19(1)(c) gives everyone a specific right "to form associations or unions". Article 23 prohibits all trafficking and forced labour, while article 24 prohibits child labour under 14 years old in a factory, mine or "any other hazardous employment". Articles 38-39, and 41-43A, however, like all rights listed in Part IV of the Constitution are not enforceable by courts, rather than creating an aspirational "duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws".
|
|
93 (Routledge) Also, during 1948 and 1949 there were lengthy unofficial strikes, particularly in the docks, so the Labour Attlee Government implemented this Act to proclaim a state of emergency and used soldiers as strike-breakers by getting them to unload boats in London, Liverpool and Avonmouth. The Conservative government used the Act during the 1955 rail strike and it was also used by Labour under Harold Wilson during the seamen's strike of 1966. During the Conservative government of Edward Heath there were five declarations of emergency under this Act, by far the most any government. The first was in July 1970 over a dockers strike, the second in December 1970 over an electricians strike, the third in February 1972 over a miners strike, the fourth in August 1972 over another dockers strike and the fifth time in October 1973, which lasted for four months.
|
|
Barwell argued that northern Australia had proven unsuitable for white settlement and only the large scale importation of "selected Asiatics working as coolie labour under indenture to white men" would help develop the region as they were the only race suited to such conditions. This was heresy for many Australians, particularly those in the opposition Labor Party, for which the White Australia Policy was historically a central plank in their policy platform. Labor politicians treated Barwell with undisguised contempt for the rest of his career, referring to him as "Black Barwell". Barwell's decisiveness was evident during his premiership when he addressed the state of the South Australian Railways, which by 1922 had decayed to the point of imminent total collapse, endangering state finances. He forced the funding of a £5 million rehabilitation program through parliament and recruited a brilliant American railroad executive, William Alfred Webb, to lead it.
|
|
Zarma-Songhai men often travel to Ghana and Burkina Faso, retracing a pattern of migration recorded from at least the 17th century, when Zarma soldiers were recruited to fight for the small kingdoms in what is now northern Ghana and southern Burkina Faso. The trade networks that resulted from the migration survived throughout the colonial period, and they also allowed Djerma a way of escaping to British- controlled Gold Coast Colony during times of particularly onerous French forced labour under the Indigénat as well as in times of drought in the 1910s, 1930s and 1940s. The example of the Zarrma-Songhai of Niger's migration to the former Gold Coast Colony is memorably portrayed by French filmmaker Jean Rouch in his film "Jaguar" (1954-1955). For the film and accompanying academic study, Rouch joins an urban educated Songhai (Damouré Zika), a Sorko fisherman (Illo Gaoudel), and a Fula; (pl.
|
|
Seeing oneself surrounded by these day and > night, one confesses that one cannot be set free without the help of one's > defender. This verse is an unassailable wall, an impenetrable breastplate, > and a very strong shield for those who labour under the attack of > demons.John Cassian, The Conferences (Newman Press 1997 ), Tenth Conference, > X, 2-4 Benedict of Nursia praises Cassian's Conferences in his ruleRegula S.P.N. Benedicti, caput 73Birrell, Martin Birrell, "'HELP!' St John Cassian in The Liturgy & in Devotion", Pluscarden Abbey and use of this formula became part of the Liturgy of the Hours in the Western Church, in which all the canonical hours, including the minor hours, start with this versicle, which is omitted only if the hour begins with the Invitatory, the introduction to the first hour said in the day, whether it be the Office of Readings or Morning Prayer.
|
|
The Reich Ministry of Labour of the Weimar Republic was established on 13 February 1919 as the successor of the Labour Office (Reichsarbeitsamt) of the German Empire. The Social Democratic politician Gustav Bauer became the first Minister for Labour under Chancellor Philipp Scheidemann, whom he succeeded on June 21 of the same year. On the day of the Machtergreifung in January 1933, the German National politician and Der Stahlhelm leader Franz Seldte was appointed Minister for Labour in the Cabinet Hitler, a position he officially held until 1945, though without actual power. The West German Ministry for Labour was re-established in Bonn on 20 September 1949 with the Cabinet Adenauer I. According to the 1991 Berlin/Bonn Act it moved to its present seat in Berlin-Mitte in 2000, on premises formerly used by Goebbels' Propaganda Ministry and the East German National Front organisation.
|
|
Existing methods of calculating the extent of child labour under report the degree of work done by girls, because the measures exclude household chores. By failing to consider 'female work' within the definition of child labour, the impact of child work on the educational and health attainment of girls is made invisible. Gibbons, Huebler, and Loaiza also investigate some factors affecting school attendance; labour and household poverty are generally constraints on attendance but a mother's educational attainment correlates positively with school attendance, revealing the inter-generational payoff from investments in girls' education. Household wealth and the level of education of the primary caretaker also have a significant effect on educational attainment In India the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act has led to the inclusion of a justiciable right to education in relation to children between the ages of 6 and 14 and provides an impetus to government to address critical problems in the provision of education.
|
|
Hierl, on the right, with Alfred Rosenberg and Hans Frank at a diplomatic reception, Berlin, February 1939 Hierl was already a high-ranking member of the NSDAP when the Party took power in January 1933. He remained the head of the labour organization - now called the Nationalsozialistischer Arbeitsdienst, or NSAD. Adolf Hitler named him as State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Labour under Franz Seldte, with the order to build up a powerful labour service organization. Facing Minister Seldte's resistance, Hierl in 1934 switched to the Reich Ministry of the Interior under Wilhelm Frick in the rank of a Reichskommissar. On 11 July 1934, the NSAD was renamed Reichsarbeitsdienst or RAD (Reich Labor Service) which Hierl would control as its chief until the end of World War II. The Reich Labor Service was divided into two major sections, one for men (Reichsarbeitsdienst Männer - RAD/M) and one for women (Reichsarbeitdienst der weiblichen Jugend - RAD/wJ).
|
|
In his 1983 speech The Party's urgent tasks on the organizational and ideological fronts Deng said that > As to alienation, after Marx discovered the law of surplus value, he used > that term only to describe wage labour in capitalist society, meaning that > such labour was alien to the workers themselves and was performed against > their will, so that the capitalist might profit at their expense. Yet in > discussing alienation some of our comrades go beyond capitalism; some even > ignore the remaining alienation of labour under capitalism and its > consequences. Rather, they allege that alienation exists under socialism and > can be found in the economic, political and ideological realms, that in the > course of its development socialism constantly gives rise to a force of > alienation, as a result of the activities of the main body of the society. > Moreover, they try to explain our reform from the point of view of > overcoming this alienation.
|
|
Conversely, supporters of Socialist Appeal argued that the Labour Party was still based on trade unions and that the Labour Party retained support in the working class. As Labour under Tony Blair embraced the Third Way and moved away from its traditional socialist roots, most Trotskyist tendencies in Britain that employed the tactic of entrism left Labour and either run candidates under their own banner, such as the Socialist Party, or joined electoral coalitions such as the Scottish Socialist Party or the Socialist Alliance. The Socialist Party, along with other left-wing organisations, intiatiated the Campaign for a New Workers' Party in 2006, arguing that trade unions should break with Labour and construct their own political formation. However, supporters of Socialist Appeal have rejected this turn and they are the main Trotskyist group in Britain which maintains the entrist tactic in the 21st century (although the Alliance for Workers Liberty left and then rejoined).
|
|
Agricultural surpluses produced by royal fields supported the Shang royal family and ruling elite, advanced handicraft industries (bronze, silk, &c.;), and large armies.. Large royal pastures provided animals for sacrifices and meat consumption.. Other agricultural produce supported the population of Shang, estimated to be about 5.5 to 8 million people.. Since land was only cultivated for a few years before being left fallow, new lands constantly needed to be opened. by drainage of low-lying fields or by clearing scrubland or forests.. These tasks were performed by forced labour under state supervision, often in the context of hunting expeditions.. Like their Neolithic predecessors, the Shang used spindle-wheels to make textiles, but the Shang labour force was more formally organised.. By Shang times, controlled workers produced silk in workshops for the aristocracy.. Fields and workshops were manned by labour of varying degrees of servitude.. Some historians have called these dependent workers "slaves" and labelled the Shang a "slave society," but others reject such labels as too vague because we know too little about the nature of this labour force..
|
|
Dunmore House is also closely associated with John Dunmore Lang's significant endeavours for promoting early Scottish migration to the colony during the early to mid-19th century, which influenced the development of society and religious values in the early colony, as well as the development of early Australian industries such as viticulture. From 1837 to 1852 Lang's pioneering Bounty migration scheme provided assisted passage to Scottish, German and Irish settlers who were carefully selected to inject religious values into the colony as well as much needed trades and skills. Dunmore House has direct associations with this migration scheme as the destination point, place of settlement and work for many of the Scottish migrants imported through this scheme. Dunmore House provides evidence of two forms of early colonial settlement - in its use of convict labour under private assignment for constructing the buildings and farming the estate, as well as the migration, settlement and use of skilled free settlers mostly from Scotland and Germany for farming the estate and establishing a society modelled, it seems, on Scotland.
|
|
She stressed that, unlike women, men did not know what the pain felt like and could not judge how a woman felt during the birthing experience. In turn, they would most likely give a lack of wanted sympathy for the woman bearing the child: “… for it must be supposed that there is a tender regard one Woman bears to another, and a natural sympathy in those that have gone thro’ the Pangs of Childbearing; which, doubtless, occasion a compassion for those that labour under those circumstances, which no man can be judge of.”Sarah Stone, A Complete Practice of Midwifery, (London: Globe, 1731) Stone mentioned that women who were educated properly in midwifery did not need a man around to birth a child or help them in birthing children. It was an unnecessary practice and women were too capable of being able to do it themselves. Sarah Stone was an early feminist who did not want something that had been a women’s job taken away; it would only take away power from them as well if men would take over this profession.
|
|
" He further explained: :"We have there endeavoured to show that a knowledge of geometrical construction is necessary, before a thorough appreciation of the principles of outline sketching can be obtained, and a ready facility acquired in performing its operations. However much this position may be controverted as regards its application to an art which is generally looked upon as independent of, rather than dependent on, strict and formal rules, there can be no doubt, we think, that it holds with all completeness in reference to that which it is now our duty to illustrate and describe. In fact, so much do the various branches treated of in the following pages depend upon a knowledge of geometry, that many class them under the generic title of "geometrical drawing." Those commencing the study of these arts – so useful to the architect and the mechanic – without this knowledge of geometry, will be disappointed as to their speedy proficiency, and will labour under great disadvantages, from not understanding the principles upon which the constructions are founded.
|
|
Supporters of Third Way ideals argue that they merely represent a necessary or pragmatic adaptation of social democracy to the realities of the modern world, noting that post-war social democracy thrived during the prevailing international climate of the Bretton Woods consensus which collapsed in the 1970s. Tony Blair, prime minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007) When he was a British Labour Party MP, Third Way supporter and former British prime minister Tony Blair wrote in a Fabian pamphlet in 1994 about the existence of two prominent variants of socialism, with one based on a Marxist–Leninist economic determinist and collectivist tradition that he rejected and the other being an ethical socialism that he supported which was based on values of "social justice, the equal worth of each citizen, equality of opportunity, community". New Labour under Blair sought to distance Labour from the conventional definition of socialism and create a new one representing a modern form of liberal-democratic socialism. However, New Labour sought to avoid regular public use of the word socialism even in this new definition, out of concerns that it would remind the British electorate of the strongly left-wing political strategy of the Labour Party in the early 1980s.
|
|