"This data suggests a gap in contract drafting, at least from the perspective of the entities affected by the coronavirus outbreak seeking to invoke their force majeure clauses," wrote Jennifer Tsai, the company's legal knowledge engineering associate.
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This project, known as knowledge engineering, aimed not to create programs that would detect statistical patterns in huge data sets but to formalize, in a system of rules, the fundamental elements of human understanding, so that those rules could be applied in computer programs.
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The International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering was founded in 1991 and is published by World Scientific, covering areas relating to software engineering and knowledge engineering and the connections between the two disciplines. Topics covered include object-oriented systems, rapid prototyping, logic programming, and software and knowledge-ware maintenance.
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Knowledge engineering (KE) refers to all technical, scientific and social aspects involved in building, maintaining and using knowledge-based systems.
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The official number of students starting college in 2001 was at 526, 220 for Biomedical Sciences and 306 for Computer Science/Knowledge Engineering.
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It launched its very first programme – the Graduate Diploma in Systems AnalysisGraduate Diploma in Systems Analysis – in 1981. Later on, it launched the Graduate Diploma in Knowledge Engineering in 1989, and the Graduate Diploma in Software Engineering in 1993. The Master of Technology in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering programmesMaster of Technology in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering programmes were launched in 1996, together with the NUS School of Computing and School of Engineering. In 2013, it launched the Master of Technology in Enterprise Business AnalyticsMaster of Technology in Enterprise Business Analytics programme together with NUS.
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20, No. 4, August 2006, pp 269-272. # “An Integrated and Collaborative Framework for Business Design: A Knowledge Engineering Approach” (with S. Seshasai and A. Kumar), Data and Knowledge Engineering, Vol.42, No. 1, Jan 2005, pp 157-179. # “Selective and Authentic Third-party Distribution of XML Documents” (with E. Bertino, B. Carminati, E. Ferrari, and B. Thuraisingham), IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol.
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Knowledge engineering: Theory and practice. In A. Putman & K. Davis (Eds.), Advances in Descriptive Psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 105-122). Ann Arbor, Michigan: Descriptive Psychology Press.
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Knowledge Engineering is a field of computer science which offers a significant body of work on problem-solving methods. Problem-solving methods are patterns of reasoning that are applied to solve specific problems.D. Fensel, E. Motta, "Structured development of problem solving methods", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 6 The work on problem abstractions within knowledge engineering can therefore provide a basis for research in software engineering.
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In the computer science fields of knowledge engineering and ontology, the Sigma knowledge engineering environment is an open source computer program for the development of formal ontologies. It is designed for use with the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology. It originally included only the Vampire theorem prover as its core deductive inference engine, but now allows use of many other provers that have participated in the CASC/CADE competitions.
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"Ontologies: Principles, methods and applications." Knowledge engineering review 11.2 (1996): 131. It has been further developed in the fields of concurrent engineering, supply chain management and business process re-engineering.
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Informatica 37:49–54. This method was called DECMAK. In 1987,Rajkovič, V., Bohanec, M., Batagelj, V. (1988): Knowledge engineering techniques for utility identification. Acta Psychologica 68(1–3), 271–286.
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A Formal Ontology of Properties. In, Dieng, R., and Corby, O., eds, Proceedings of EKAW-2000: The 12th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. Berlin:Springer LNCS Vol. 1937/2000. Pp. 97-112.
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The Knowledge Engineering Review. Volume 21 Issue 1, March 2006, pp 1–24, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA doi: 10.1017/S0269888906000737. and Azevedo and Santos' 2008 comparison of CRISP-DM and SEMMA.
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SUMO has an associated open source Sigma knowledge engineering environment. Initially, Sumo was developed by the Teknowledge Corporation and now is maintained by Articulate Software. SUMO is open source. The first release was in December 2000.
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An alternative to MOKA is to use general knowledge engineering methods that have been developed for expert systems across all industries or to use general software development methodologies such as the Rational Unified Process or Agile methods.
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233-245, 2002. 20 Kim, M. and Compton, P. Web-Based Document Management for Specialised Domains. in 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: Ontologies and the Semantic Web (EKAW 2002). SigŸenza, Spain: Springer, p.
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Paul Schmidt, Mahmoud Gindiyeh, Gintare Grigonyte: Language Technology for Information Systems. In: Proceedings of KDIR – The International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management Madeira. 6.–8. Oktober 2009, Portugal. 2009, S. 259 - 262.
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The Knowledge Engineering and Machine Learning group (KEMLg) is a research group belonging to the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) – BarcelonaTech. It was founded by Prof. Ulises Cortés. The group has been active in the Artificial Intelligence field since 1986.
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Data & Knowledge Engineering is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal in the area of database systems and knowledge base systems. It is published by Elsevier and was established in 1985. The editor-in-chief is P.P. Chen (Louisiana State University).
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NetWeaver was created in late 1991 as a response to ease knowledge engineering tasks by giving a graphical user interface to the ICKEE (IConic Knowledge Engineering Environment) inference engine developed at Penn State University by Bruce J. Miller and Michael C. Saunders. The first iterations were simply a visual representation of dependency networks stored in a LISP-like syntax. NetWeaver quickly evolved into an interactive interface where the visual environment was also capable of editing the dependency networks and saving them in the ICKEE file format. Eventually NetWeaver became "live" in the sense that it could evaluate the dependency networks in real time.
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Wille was a member of the Board of Directors of the Institute for Philosophy at TU Darmstadt from 1976. From 1983, was leader of the research group on Formal concept analysis and from 1993 Chairman of the "Ernst Schröder Center for Conceptual Knowledge Engineering". Wille was also a founding member of the Center for Inter-Disciplinary Research in Darmstadt and maintained a footprint in other research groups around the world as a visiting consulting/scholar. Wille's research interests included algebra, order and lattice theory, foundations of geometry, discrete mathematics, measurement theory, mathematics in music, philosophy of science, conceptual knowledge engineering and contextual logic.
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The relation between these terms is shown in the figure to the right. Not all workers in knowledge engineering use the term ‘conceptualization’, but instead refer to the conceptualization itself, or to the ontological commitment of all its realizations, as an overarching ontology.
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A pathfinder network is a psychometric scaling method based on graph theory and used in the study of expertise, knowledge acquisition, knowledge engineering, scientific citation patterns, information retrieval, and data visualization. Pathfinder networks are potentially applicable to any problem addressed by network theory.
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He has presented his thoughts on his studies and work in the joint blog 375 Humanists.375 humanists. University of Helsinki. Retrieved 2020-07-16 Timo Honkela conducted research on several areas related to knowledge engineering, cognitive modeling and natural language processing.
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Legal Knowledge Engineering; A Modelling Approach, IOS Press, Amsterdam. and the frame based ontologies of Visser and van Kralingen.Robert W. van Kralingen, Pepijn R. S. Visser, Trevor J. M. Bench- Capon, H. Jaap van den Herik: A principled approach to developing legal knowledge systems.
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The Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering offers Master's degree courses in Information and Communications Engineering as well as Computer Systems and Knowledge Engineering. The Bachelor's level students of Electronics and Computer Engineering along with Electrical Engineering organize Locus - a national level technology festival annually.
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Founded in 1980, IC marketed an early expert system environment (Knowledge Engineering Environment – KEE)Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE) Encyclopedia of Computer Languages for development and deployment of knowledge systems on the Lisp machines that had several advanced features, such as truth maintenance. KEE used the backward-chaining method of Mycin which had been developed at Stanford. While moving KEE functionalityTeaching object-oriented programming with the KEE system to the PC, IC created one of the early object-oriented technologies for commercial programming development environments (LiveModel). The company was also one of the UML Partners, a consortium which helped develop the standards for UML, the Unified Modeling Language.
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Van der Aalst, W.M.P., M. Weske, and D. Grünbauer, Case handling: a new paradigm for business process support. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 2005. 53(2): p. 129-162.Wang, J. and A. Kumar, A Framework for Document-Driven Workflow Systems, in Business Process Management. 2005. p. 285-301.
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The Computer Science Ontology (CSO) is an automatically generated taxonomy of research topics in the field of Computer Science. Kotis, K.I., Vouros, G.A. and Spiliotopoulos, D., 2020. Ontology engineering methodologies for the evolution of living and reused ontologies: status, trends, findings and recommendations. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 35.
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A common observation of knowledge engineers experienced in graphically designing knowledgebases is that the process of constructing a graphic representation of problem-solving knowledge in a formal logical framework seems to be synergistic, with new insights into the expert's knowledge emerging as the process unfolds. (At the moment, this assertion is largely anecdotal. Contributors to this article need to find a suitable way to document this point, because it is actually a rather important finding not simply limited to NetWeaver, but knowledge engineering more broadly). Second, synergies similar to those observed in organizing the reasoning of individual subject-matter experts also can occur in knowledge engineering projects that require the interaction of multiple disciplines.
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Applications include intelligent agents, Semantic Web, knowledge-bases networking, ontology management, integration of information, security policy analysis, automated database normalization, and more.H. Chen, T. Finin, and A. Joshi (2003). An ontology for context-aware pervasive computing environments, The Knowledge Engineering Review 18:3, Cambridge University Press.Y. Zou, T. Finin, H. Chen (2005).
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The primary aim of knowledge engineering is to attain a productive interaction between the available knowledge base and problem solving techniques. This is possible through development of a procedure in which large amounts of task-specific information is encoded into heuristic programs. Thus, the first essential component of knowledge engineering is a large “knowledge base.” Dendral has specific knowledge about the mass spectrometry technique, a large amount of information that forms the basis of chemistry and graph theory, and information that might be helpful in finding the solution of a particular chemical structure elucidation problem. This “knowledge base” is used both to search for possible chemical structures that match the input data, and to learn new “general rules” that help prune searches.
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Recent creative advances and efforts in computing, such as semantic web, ontology engineering, knowledge engineering, and modern artificial intelligence provide philosophy with fertile ideas, new and evolving subject matters, methodologies, and models for philosophical inquiry. While computer science brings new opportunities and challenges to traditional philosophical studies, and changes the ways philosophers understand foundational concepts in philosophy, further major progress in computer science would only be feasible when philosophy provides sound foundations for areas such as bioinformatics, software engineering, knowledge engineering, and ontologies. Classical topics in philosophy, namely, mind, consciousness, experience, reasoning, knowledge, truth, morality and creativity are rapidly becoming common concerns and foci of investigation in computer science, e.g., in areas such as agent computing, software agents, and intelligent mobile agent technologies.
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TeLQAS (Telecommunication Literature Question Answering System) is an experimental question answering system developed for answering English questions in the telecommunications domain.Mahmoud R. Hejazi, Maryam S. Mirian , Kourosh Neshatian, Azam Jalali, and Bahadorreza Ofoghi, A Telecommunication Literature Question/Answering System Benefits from a Text Categorization Mechanism, International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering (IKE2003), July 2003, USA.
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The tUL, even though only officially founded in 2000, has a longer history. Starting as early as 1988 the two parent universities have been opening discussions to co-operate better. In 1992 both universities offered the study Computer Science/Knowledge Engineering. The course was given in both universities and students had to attend classes on both campuses.
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533 p. Interesting things happen when logic is implemented graphically. First, the knowledge of individual subject-matter experts engaged in knowledge engineering often is not fully integrated when dealing with complex problems, at least initially. Rather, this knowledge may exist in a somewhat more loosely organized state, a sort of knowledge soup with chunks of knowledge floating about in it.
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Sergey Solovyov () (born 1955) is a Russian mathematician, Dr.Sc., Professor, a professor at the Faculty of Computer Science at the Moscow State University. He graduated from the faculty MSU CMC (1977). He defended the thesis «Mathematical methods and principles of building automated knowledge engineering systems» for the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1996). Was awarded the title of Professor (2003).
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Domains using the Lisp machines were mostly in the wide field of artificial intelligence applications, but also in computer graphics, medical image processing, and many others. The main commercial expert systems of the 80s were available: Intellicorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE), Knowledge Craft, from The Carnegie Group Inc., and ART (Automated Reasoning Tool) from Inference Corporation.Richter, Mark: AI Tools and Techniques.
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Mathias Weske (born 1963) is a German computer scientist, and Professor of Business Process Technology at the University of Potsdam, known for his contributions in the field of business process managementWeber, Barbara, Manfred Reichert, and Stefanie Rinderle-Ma. "Change patterns and change support features–enhancing flexibility in process-aware information systems." Data & knowledge engineering 66.3 (2008): 438-466. and as a founder of the business Signavio.
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However, 3–4 times as many people reported using CRISP-DM. Several teams of researchers have published reviews of data mining process models,Lukasz Kurgan and Petr Musilek: "A survey of Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining process models". The Knowledge Engineering Review. Volume 21 Issue 1, March 2006, pp 1–24, Cambridge University Press, New York, and Azevedo and Santos conducted a comparison of CRISP-DM and SEMMA in 2008.
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An ontology represents knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts. Knowledge representation and knowledge engineering are central to classical AI research. Some "expert systems" attempt to gather explicit knowledge possessed by experts in some narrow domain. In addition, some projects attempt to gather the "commonsense knowledge" known to the average person into a database containing extensive knowledge about the world.
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Viewpoints: A framework for integrating multiple perspectives in system development. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 2(1):31-58, 1992. Various mechanisms can be used to define and manage correspondences between views to share detail, to reduce redundancy and to enforce consistency. A common misunderstanding about architecture descriptions is that ADs only discuss "technical issues", but ADs need to address issues of relevance to many stakeholders.
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I. Davies, P. Green, M. Rosemann, M. Indulska, S. Gallo, How do practitioners use conceptual modeling in practice?, Elsevier, Data & Knowledge Engineering 58 (2006) pp.358–80 A few techniques are briefly described in the following text, however, many more exist or are being developed. Some commonly used conceptual modeling techniques and methods include: workflow modeling, workforce modeling, rapid application development, object-role modeling, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
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He entered Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand in 1998 and earned an M.Eng. in Irrigation Engineering and Management in 2000. He completed his Doctor of Philosophy in Water Resources Engineering at University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia in 2004. His PhD work is in the field of application of knowledge engineering to develop an expert system or a decision support system for integrated water management in a paddy estate.
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A knowledge engineering approach is the predominant mechanism for method enhancement and new method development. In other words, with very few exceptions, method development involves isolating, documenting, and packaging existing practice for a given task in a form that promotes reliable success among practitioners. Expert attunements are first characterized in the form of basic intuitions and method concepts. These are often initially identified through analysis of the techniques, diagrams, and expressions used by experts.
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Jens Lehmann graduated with a master's degree in Computer Science from the Technical University of Dresden and the University of Bristol in 2006. He then obtained a doctoral degree (Dr. rer. nat) with grade summa cum laude at the Leipzig University in 2010 and was a research visitor at the University of Oxford. In 2013, he became a leader of the Agile Knowledge Engineering and Semantic Web research group (AKSW) at the Leipzig University.
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6, No. 6, 1994. # "An Adaptive Modular Neural Network with Application to Unconstrained Character Recognition" (with Lik Mui, Arun Agarwal, and P. S. P. Wang), International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, World Scientific Press, Singapore. Special Issue on Document Image Analysis, 1994, pp. 1189-1204. # "A Heuristic Multi-stage Algorithm for Segmenting Simply Connected Handwritten Numerals" (with M.V. Nagendraprasad and Peter L. Sparks), Heuristics: The Journal of Knowledge Engineering & Technology, Vol.
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Linguistic structures are pairings of meaning and form. Any particular pairing of meaning and form is a Saussurean sign. For instance, the meaning "cat" is represented worldwide with a wide variety of different sound patterns (in oral languages), movements of the hands and face (in sign languages), and written symbols (in written languages). Linguistic patterns have proven their importance for the knowledge engineering field especially with the ever-increasing amount of available data.
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In 1998 a mixed Dutch/Belgian committee proposed the idea of an official transnational university, which got accepted by the Flemish government in 1999. In 2001 the treaty was signed by the Dutch and Belgian minister of education officially instating the tUL as the first Belgian-Dutch transnational university. The studies Computer Science/Knowledge Engineering and Biomedical Sciences were the first offered by the university. In 2002 the university started offering Molecular Life Sciences as a third option.
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Taiwanese Tone Group Parser is a simulator of Taiwanese tone sandhi acquisition. In practical, the method using linguistic theory to implement the Taiwanese tone group parser is a way to apply knowledge engineering technique to build the experiment environment of computer simulation for language acquisition. A work-in-process version of artificial tone group parser that includes a knowledge base and an executable program file for Microsoft Windows system (XP/Win7) can be download for evaluation.
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Knowledge acquisition has special requirements beyond the conventional specification process used to capture most business requirements. These issues led to the second approach to knowledge engineering: development of custom methodologies specifically designed to build expert systems. One of the first and most popular of such methodologies custom designed for expert systems was the Knowledge Acquisition and Documentation Structuring (KADS) methodology developed in Europe. KADS had great success in Europe and was also used in the United States.
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The Alvey Programme was a British government sponsored research program in information technology that ran from 1983 to 1987. The program was a reaction to the Japanese Fifth Generation project, which aimed to create a computer using massively parallel computing/processing. The program was not focused any specific technology such as robotics, but rather supported research in knowledge engineering in the United Kingdom. It has been likened in operations to the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Japan's ICOT.
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Peter P. Chen Award is an annually presented award to honor one individual for their contributions to the field of conceptual modeling. Named after the computer scientist Peter Chen, the award was started in 2008 by the publisher Elsevier as a means of celebrating the 25th anniversary of the journal Data & Knowledge Engineering. It is presented at the Entity Relationship (ER) International Conference on Conceptual Modeling. Winners are given a plaque, a cash prize, and are invited to give a keynote speech.
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Soon after its establishment, the university gained political support to increase its funding and to expand into other academic fields. The Faculty of Law was created in 1981, followed by the Faculty of Economics in 1984. In 1994, the Faculty of Arts and Culture and one year later the Faculty of Psychology were established. The Faculty of Humanities and Sciences started in 2005, containing a variety of organisational units, such as the Department of Knowledge Engineering and the Maastricht Graduate School of Governance.
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Ontology engineering or ontology building is a subfield of knowledge engineering that studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies. In the domain of enterprise architecture, an ontology is an outline or a schema used to structure objects, their attributes and relationships in a consistent manner. As in enterprise modelling, an ontology can be composed of other ontologies. The purpose of ontologies in enterprise modelling is to formalize and establish the sharability, re-usability, assimilation and dissemination of information across all organizations and departments within an enterprise.
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Database technology has been an active research topic since the 1960s, both in academia and in the research and development groups of companies (for example IBM Research). Research activity includes theory and development of prototypes. Notable research topics have included models, the atomic transaction concept, and related concurrency control techniques, query languages and query optimization methods, RAID, and more. The database research area has several dedicated academic journals (for example, ACM Transactions on Database Systems-TODS, Data and Knowledge Engineering-DKE) and annual conferences (e.g.
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Until this point computers had mostly been used to automate highly data intensive tasks but not for complex reasoning. Technologies such as inference engines allowed developers for the first time to tackle more complex problems. As expert systems scaled up from demonstration prototypes to industrial strength applications it was soon realized that the acquisition of domain expert knowledge was one of if not the most critical task in the knowledge engineering process. This knowledge acquisition process became an intense area of research on its own.
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In the Discovery with Model method, a model is developed via prediction, clustering or by human reasoning knowledge engineering and then used as a component in another analysis, namely in prediction and relationship mining. In the prediction method use, the created model's predictions are used to predict a new variable. For the use of relationship mining, the created model enables the analysis between new predictions and additional variables in the study. In many cases, discovery with models uses validated prediction models that have proven generalizability across contexts.
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In the 1980s, expert system "shells" were introduced (including one based on MYCIN, known as E-MYCIN (followed by Knowledge Engineering Environment - KEE)) and supported the development of expert systems in a wide variety of application areas. A difficulty that rose to prominence during the development of MYCIN and subsequent complex expert systems has been the extraction of the necessary knowledge for the inference engine to use from the human expert in the relevant fields into the rule base (the so-called "knowledge acquisition bottleneck").
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AUTINDEX is a commercial text mining software package based on sophisticated linguistics.Ripplinger, Bärbel 2001: Das Indexierungssystem AUTINDEX, in GLDV Tagung, GiessenPaul Schmidt, Mahmoud Gindiyeh & Gintare Grigonyte, 2009: Language Technology for Information Systems. In: Proceedings of KDIR - The International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management Madeira, 6–8 October 2009, PortugalPaul Schmidt & Mahmoud Gindiyeh, 2009: Language Technology for Multilingual Information and Document Management. In: Proceedings of ASLIB, London, 19–20 November AUTINDEX, resulting from research in information extraction,Paul Schmidt, Thomas Bähr & Dr.-Ing.
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Accessed 4 Feb 2009. She has been involved in a large number of European research projects and used to lead cooperative research projects with companies. She is currently Professor Emeritus of Computer Science in the department of Mathematics and Informatics. Rolland is in the editorial board of a number of journals including Journal of Information Systems, Journal on Information and Software Technology, Requirements Engineering Journal, Journal of Networking and Information Systems, Data and Knowledge Engineering Journal, Journal of Data Base Management and Journal of Intelligent Information Systems.
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D.) in computer science at the University of Amsterdam in 1968 under supervision of Adriaan van Wijngaarden for the thesis, entitled "ALGOL 60 as Formula Manipulation Language." In 1970, he was appointed Professor Information Systems at the VU University Amsterdam, where he retired August 2000. Among his Ph.D. students were Peter Apers (1982), Martin L. Kersten (1985), Frank Dignum (1989), Roel Wieringa (1990) and Frances Brazier (1991). Van de Riet was editor of Europe of Data and Knowledge Engineering journal and member of the Editorial Board of the Information Systems Journal.
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Recent innovations in the field of electronics and communication have led to rapid growth in areas such as mobile communications, high-quality audio, digital cameras, multimedia, and the Internet. The department provides practical education and is equipped with electronic measuring and testing equipment, and a network of high-speed computers. The Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering offers a four-year undergraduate program in Electronics Engineering and Computer Engineering. It also offers Master's degree course in Information and Communication Engineering as well as Computer Systems and Knowledge Engineering.
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José Mira Mira, by June 2005. José Mira Mira (December 31, 1944 – August 13, 2008) Spanish scientist, Professor of Computational Sciences and Artificial Intelligence and Director of the Artificial Intelligence Department of the Computational Science Engineering's ETS in the UNED, until his death. His research interest was related to the methodological aspects of Knowledge Engineering and the relations between Neuroscience and Computation. From an applied perspective, his interest was focused on Knowledge Based Systems (KBS) development in Industry and Medicine domains, including DIAGEN project and no less than other 10 CICYT and ESPRIT projects.
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Forsythe was born in 1947 in Santa Monica, California to computer scientists Alexandra Illmer Forsythe and George Forsythe. Her family moved to Palo Alto, California in 1957 and she attended Palo Alto High School. Forsythe attended Swarthmore College for her bachelor's degree in anthropology and sociology and earned her PhD in cultural anthropology and social demography from Cornell University in 1974. She completed fieldwork in Scotland and produced a number of papers on anthropology in Europe before turning her attention to knowledge engineering and medical informatics in the United States.
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Ontology engineering (also called ontology building) is a set of tasks related to the development of ontologies for a particular domain. It is a subfield of knowledge engineering that studies the ontology development process, the ontology life cycle, the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, and the tools and languages that support them. Ontology engineering aims to make explicit the knowledge contained in software applications, and organizational procedures for a particular domain. Ontology engineering offers a direction for overcoming semantic obstacles, such as those related to the definitions of business terms and software classes.
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Meta-Dendral is a machine learning system that receives the set of possible chemical structures and corresponding mass spectra as input, and proposes a set of rules of mass spectrometry that correlate structural features with processes that produce the mass spectrum. These rules would be fed back to Heuristic Dendral (in the planning and testing programs described below) to test their applicability. Thus, "Heuristic Dendral is a performance system and Meta-Dendral is a learning system". The program is based on two important features: the plan- generate-test paradigm and knowledge engineering.
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Even though the number of students studying Computer Science/Knowledge Engineering before the official instantiation of the tUL had been rising every year, the launch of this new university brought along some problems, decreasing the student count. The tUL was not allowed to advertise itself in Dutch study guides because it was not an official Dutch University. Also, there were issues concerning national differences (amongst others on the legal/financial division of responsibilities), and also on the Dutch side the tUL was considered a prestige/vanity project of former Maastricht University board chairman Karl Dittrich.
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SMW+'s extensions include, most notably, Semantic MediaWiki and the Halo Extension. Cumulatively, SMW+ functions as a semantic wiki, and is also meant to serve as an enterprise wiki for use within companies, for applications such as knowledge management and project management. The SMW+ platform was available in a number of formats including a Windows installer, Linux installer and VMware image. SMW+ emerged from Project Halo, a research project meant to provide a platform for collaborative knowledge engineering for domain experts in the biology, chemistry and physics at the first stage.
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Metaknowledge or meta-knowledge is knowledge about a preselected knowledge. For the reason of different definitions of knowledge in the subject matter literature, meta-information may or may not be included in meta-knowledge. Detailed cognitive, systemic and epistemic study of human knowledge requires a distinguishing of these concepts. Meta-knowledge is a fundamental conceptual instrument in such research and scientific domains as, knowledge engineering, knowledge management, and others dealing with study and operations on knowledge, seen as a unified object/entities, abstracted from local conceptualizations and terminologies.
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To get his publishers to look at his first manuscript he spun a story about needing a replacement copy because his had been destroyed. It worked. DAW Books liked it and published it, beginning a long association that continues to this day. Williams continued working various jobs for a few more years, including three years from 1987 to 1990 as a technical writer at Apple Computer’s Knowledge Engineering Department, taking problem-solving field material from engineers and turning it into research articles (which led, in part, to the Otherland books), before making fiction writing his full- time career.
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Knowledge based systems and knowledge engineering became a major focus of AI research in the 1980s.Knowledge revolution: , , The 1980s also saw the birth of Cyc, the first attempt to attack the commonsense knowledge problem directly, by creating a massive database that would contain all the mundane facts that the average person knows. Douglas Lenat, who started and led the project, argued that there is no shortcut ― the only way for machines to know the meaning of human concepts is to teach them, one concept at a time, by hand. The project was not expected to be completed for many decades.
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Socio- cognitive research is human factor and socio-organizational factor based, and assumes an integrated knowledge engineering, environment and business modeling perspective, therefore it is not social cognition which rather is a branch of psychology focused on how people process social information. Socio-cognitive engineering (SCE) includes a set of theoretical interdisciplinary frameworks, methodologies, methods and software tools for the design of human centred technologies,M. Sharples at al.(2002), Socio-cognitive engineering: a methodology for the design of humancentred technology , European Journal of Operational Research as well as, for the improvement of large complex human- technology systems.
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"Viewpoints: A framework for integrating multiple perspectives in system development." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 2(1):31-58, 1992. In that work: "A viewpoint can be thought of as a combination of the idea of an “actor”, “knowledge source”, “role” or “agent” in the development process and the idea of a “view” or “perspective” which an actor maintains." An important idea in this paper was to distinguish "a representation style, the scheme and notation by which the viewpoint expresses what it can see" and "a specification, the statements expressed in the viewpoint's style describing particular domains".
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Ontologies arise out of the branch of philosophy known as metaphysics, which deals with questions like "what exists?" and "what is the nature of reality?". One of five traditional branches of philosophy, metaphysics, is concerned with exploring existence through properties, entities and relations such as those between particulars and universals, intrinsic and extrinsic properties, or essence and existence. Metaphysics has been an ongoing topic of discussion since recorded history. Since the mid-1970s, researchers in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have recognized that knowledge engineering is the key to building large and powerful AI systems.
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The functional form of these dependencies can be determined by a number of approaches. Numerical approaches, which analyze data to determine these functions, include machine learning and analytics algorithms (including artificial neural networks), as well as more traditional regression analysis. Results from operations research and many other quantitative approaches have a similar role to play. When data is not available (or is too noisy, uncertain, or incomplete), these dependency links can take on the form of rules as might be found in an expert system or rule-based system, and so can be obtained through knowledge engineering.
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Klein associates is known for developing and applying its own approach to cognitive task analysis.Crandall, Beth; Klein, Gary; Hoffman, Robert R. (2006) Working Minds: A Practitioner's Guide to Cognitive Task Analysis Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Its approach is informed by the recognition primed decision model. This view of decision making in the real-world has led to developing models of several aspects of human cognition including: Problem Detection, Mental Simulation, Advanced Team Decision Making, and Dynamic Replanning. Klein Associates is a participant in Team ISX to develop a knowledge engineering system for Vulcan Ventures-funded Project Halo.
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Hütter, R. Lorch and K. . Böhm: "Evolving Cooperation through Reciprocity Using a Centrality-based Reputation System", in Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT), 2011.D. W. Chadwick, S. F. Lievens, J. I. den Hartog, A. Pashalidis and J. Alhadeff: "My Private Cloud Overview – A Trust, Privacy and Security Infrastructure for the Cloud", in Proc IEEE 4th Int Conf on Cloud Computing (IEEE Cloud 2011), Washiongton DC, USA, Jul. 2011, pp. 752–753.A. Pashalidis, B. Preneel: "Evaluating Tag-Based Preference Obfuscation Systems", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge Engineering, Jun. 2011.
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OntoWiki is a free and open-source semantic wiki application, meant to serve as an ontology editor and a knowledge acquisition system. It is a web-based application written in PHP and using either a MySQL database or a Virtuoso triple store. OntoWiki is form-based rather than syntax-based, and thus tries to hide as much of the complexity of knowledge representation formalisms from users as possible. OntoWiki is mainly being developed by the Agile Knowledge Engineering and Semantic Web (AKSW) research group at the University of Leipzig, a group also known for the DBpedia project among others, in collaboration with volunteers around the world.
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Yip Hon Weng graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Physical Education, Sports Science and Mathematics (First Class Honours), from Loughborough University, UK under a Singapore Public Service Commission overseas scholarship. Yip did his teacher training and obtained his PGCE from Exeter University, UK. Yip subsequently read his masters degrees in the following areas: Administration, Planning and Social Policy; and International Education (Double Concentrations) at Harvard University, Knowledge Engineering at National University of Singapore, Financial Engineering at Nanyang Technological University with a project stint at Carnegie Mellon University. He is a Sloan Fellow and obtained his MBA from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, under the Administrative Service Post-graduate Scholarship.
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Texas A&M; Engineering Extension Service operates as part of The Texas A&M; University System and is overseen by the university's board of regents. The agency is composed of six divisions: Emergency Services Training Institute (ESTI), Infrastructure Training & Safety Institute (ITSI), National Emergency Response & Rescue Training Center (NERRTC), OSHA Training Institute Southwest Education Center, Law Enforcement & Security Training (LAW), and Knowledge Engineering (KE). It maintains an office in Galveston, and has training facilities in Abilene, Arlington, Corpus Christi, Houston, and San Antonio. In 1993, the agency had an annual operating budget of $38 million and conducted some 5,700 training classes attended by 120,000 students.
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Sahlgren, Magnus (2005) An Introduction to Random Indexing, Proceedings of the Methods and Applications of Semantic Indexing Workshop at the 7th International Conference on Terminology and Knowledge Engineering, TKE 2005, August 16, Copenhagen, DenmarkSahlgren, Magnus, Holst, Anders and Pentti Kanerva (2008) Permutations as a Means to Encode Order in Word Space, In Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society: 1300-1305.Kanerva, Pentti (2009) Hyperdimensional Computing: An Introduction to Computing in Distributed Representation with High-Dimensional Random Vectors, Cognitive Computation, Volume 1, Issue 2, pp. 139–159.Joshi, Aditya, Johan Halseth, and Pentti Kanerva. "Language Recognition using Random Indexing." arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.7026 (2014).
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'98, Data and Knowledge Engineering, a North Holland Elsevier Journal, (since June 1985), Journal of Data Semantics (since 2005). He has also been a member of editorial board for Information Systems, a journal published by Pergamon Press], since 1987, Parallel and Distributed Database Systems, a journal published by Kluwer Academic Press, (since 1992), Information Technology and Management, a journal by Chapman and Hall, (since 1999), The World Wide Web Journal, Kluwer Academic Press, (since 2001) He is the editor of the series on "Database Systems and Applications," Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co., Redwood City, California (est 1985), and the Series on Emerging Directions in Database Systems and Applications, CRC Press; which was launched in 2008.
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Planner (often seen in publications as "PLANNER" although it is not an acronym) is a programming language designed by Carl Hewitt at MIT, and first published in 1969. First, subsets such as Micro-Planner and Pico-Planner were implemented, and then essentially the whole language was implemented as Popler by Julian Davies at the University of Edinburgh in the POP-2 programming language.Carl Hewitt Middle History of Logic Programming: Resolution, Planner, Prolog and the Japanese Fifth Generation Project ArXiv 2009. Derivations such as QA4, Conniver, QLISP and Ether (see scientific community metaphor) were important tools in artificial intelligence research in the 1970s, which influenced commercial developments such as Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE) and Automated Reasoning Tool (ART).
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An elicitation technique is any of a number of data collection techniques used in anthropology, cognitive science, counseling, education, knowledge engineering, linguistics, management, philosophy, psychology, or other fields to gather knowledge or information from people. Recent work in behavioral economics has purported that elicitation techniques can be used to control subject misconceptions and mitigate errors from generally accepted experimental design practices. Elicitation, in which knowledge is sought directly from human beings, is usually distinguished from indirect methods such as gathering information from written sources. A person who interacts with human subjects in order to elicit information from them may be called an elicitor, an analyst, experimenter, or knowledge engineer, depending on the field of study.
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Short CV of Rudi Studer at the AIFB website Since then, he led his research group to become one of the world leading institutions in Semantic Web technology, and he played a leading role in establishing highly acknowledged international conferences and journals in this area. Rudi Studer was also director in the department Information Process Engineering at and one of the presidents of the FZI Research Center for Information Technology as well as co-founder of the spin- off company ontoprise GmbH that developed semantic applications. He is a member of ACM and German Informatics Society. His research interests span over the main topics important for Semantic Web technology, including knowledge management, knowledge engineering, ontology management, data and text mining, and semantic web services.
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Sleeman's research activities have remained at the intersection of AI and Cognitive Science, but his focus has moved from Intelligent Tutoring Systems to Co-operative Knowledge Acquisition and Knowledge Refinement Systems, Reuse and Transformation of Knowledge Sources, and Ontology Management systems. Sleeman has been a Program Committee member for the International European National Conferences in Machine Learning & Knowledge Acquisition, and involved in all the KCAP series of meetings; and was the Conference Chair for the 2007 meeting held in Whistler, British Columbia. Further, with Mark Musen, Sleeman organized one of the 2008 AAAI Stanford Spring Symposia entitled: Symbiotic relationship between the Semantic Web & Knowledge Engineering. He has also served on various Editorial boards including the Machine Learning Journal and the International Journal of Human- Computer Studies.
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Cap DigitalCap digital has more than 600 members of the industry of digital content and services: 530 SMEs, 20 major groups, 50 universities and grandes écoles involving 170 research laboratories. The cluster covers nine subjects: education and digital training, video game, the knowledge engineering, culture and media, sound and interactivity, services and uses mobiles, robotics and communicating objects, digital design, free software, cooperation and new models. To support creativity and competitiveness of the industrial sector which represents a global market of 300 billion euros, Cap Digital carries out actions following six main areas: the development of R&D; and innovation, the development of shared platforms, the development of services for business development, human resources planning and adaptation skills training, the monitoring and foresight and influence of international competitiveness. Since its inception in 2006, Cap Digital has received more than 1,000 projects, 450 of them were accredited and 300 were funded.
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Unlike the Anglo-Saxon dominance, where the term annotation tends to denote any metadata that is produced by a man or a machine, is preferred for this research subject a distinction between the process of indexing (or more generally phase of knowledge engineering which also covers the definition of ontologies ) and the annotation process (rather than on the document engineering and production of metadata or human assisted). This research claims empirical in that it starts from the analysis of cultural practices identified including operating chains of annotations that will be instrumenting (in the sense of organology generally defined by B. Stiegler ) to help overcome them. Research indexing tools, essential in the field of critical equipment, even if it is closely linked to the activity of annotation, then only intervenes. IRI studies, designs and develops accordingly annotation tools and critical equipment of a new kind, based on a combination of documentary and metadata architectures with navigation interfaces hypermedia, modules algorithmic signal detection modules and data representation ( mapping ).
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Ziegeler studied mathematics, physics and general linguistics at the University of Regensburg, the University of Vienna, and as a Fulbright scholar at the Ohio State University in Columbus (Ohio), obtaining his Master of Science degree in 1983 and the title of Diplom-Physiker in 1987. After initial research in particle physics, he turned to artificial intelligence (neural networks, knowledge engineering, hypertext)research publications in the course of his work for Siemens Austria (1987-1992) After joining the German diplomatic service in 1992, Ziegeler held different positions in Germany, Paraguay, the United States, and Ethiopia. Between 2007 and 2011, he focused on multilateral development policy with the World Bank Group. He was instrumental in the creation of the IFC Infrastructure Crisis FacilityWorld Bank Group Launches Multi-Billion Infrastructure Initiatives to Help Developing Countries Weather Crisis: Germany and France first to join Infrastructure Crisis Facility - IFC, 25 April 2009 and initiated the German Federal Government‘s concept on powers shaping globalization.
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Although not the first to mention the word "ontology" in computer science (that distinction belongs to John McCarthy ), Hayes was one of the first to actually do it, and inspired an entire generation of researchers in knowledge engineering, logical formalisations of commonsense reasoning, and ontology. In the middle of the 1990s, while serving as president of the AAAI, Hayes began a series of attacks on critics of AI, mostly phrased in an ironic light, and (together with his colleague Kenneth Ford) invented an award named after Simon Newcomb to be given for the most ridiculous argument "disproving" the possibility of AI. The Newcomb Awards are announced in the AI Magazine published by AAAI. At the turn of the century he became active in the Semantic Web community, contributing substantially (perhaps solely) to the revised semantics of RDF known as RDF-Core, one of the three designers (along with Peter Patel-Schneider and Ian Horrocks) of the Web Ontology Language semantics, and most recently contributed to SPARQL. He is also, along with philosopher Christopher Menzel the primary designer of the ISO Common Logic standard.
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