The Blocking Regulatory Interference from Closing Kilns Act, meanwhile, would delay implementation of a 2015 rule on air pollution from brick kilns.
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Time to fire up the ol' fanfiction kilns, Riverdale fans.
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No one birthed from the kilns will bear your name.
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But India's 140,000 brick kilns also have an environmental cost.
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The Blocking Regulatory Interference from Closing Kilns (BRICK) Act would push off compliance with the 2015 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule for brick and tile kilns until ongoing litigation from the industry is resolved.
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On the outskirts, brick kilns and factories line the river banks.
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War workers feed the charcoal kilns at a factory, circa 1916.
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I saw their huge kilns in action on my previous visit.
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The researchers were able to match these with samples from kilns.
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Brick kilns and factories have also been shut down this week.
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ISLAMABAD (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - To combat worsening smog, Pakistan's government has ordered all traditional brick kilns closed for 230 days starting Saturday, as it promotes new cleaner kilns that could cut pollution up to 240 percent.
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"They had not once stepped out of the brick kilns," he said.
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Six hundred government employees are assigned to inspect nearly 400 brick kilns.
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Chawinga said the soldiers also destroy charcoal kilns discovered in the forests.
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Winter was able to use industrial kilns to create larger-sized steel panels.
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CHENGKOUZHEN, China — Li Jinzi's apartment lost its heat when the kilns went cold.
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To produce them, Ms. Leigh went to Maine for its wood salt kilns.
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Many of the tyres are blended into road surfaces or burned in cement kilns.
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Regulators are also considering measures to encourage their use as fuel for cement kilns.
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Individual kilns specialised too, some producing only tea caddies, or wine cups, or brush washers.
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They eke a living as wage labourers in nearby brick kilns or by distilling moonshine.
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Altogether there are more than 1,000 brick kilns in and around the capital, researchers said.
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On a recent day, only one of six kilns at the cement plant was operating.
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The government undertook some stopgap measures, closing schools, shutting kilns and factories and banning trucks.
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He also took a job for a time at Vernon Kilns, which made casual dinnerware.
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To replace petcoke, industries from dyeing units to brick kilns are switching to imports of coal.
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Autumn and then winter's snows arrived, and the kilns at the factory never turned back on.
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Burning of crop stubble, steel manufacturing furnaces and brick kilns are other major sources, he said.
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Burning of crop stubble, steel manufacturing furnaces and brick kilns are other major sources, he said.
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"We are shutting down brick kilns and factories that emit greenhouse gases in excess," he said.
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He sells each bag he produces from his crude earthen kilns for 400 Kenyan shillings (about $4).
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Eventually, I wanted bigger kilns, and I wanted to live in the countryside, which I do now.
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It produces 4 million tonnes of coal annually, most of which is consumed by brick-making kilns.
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He said the cement companies that use the fuel in their kilns would now burn coal instead.
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But while looters have been busy with their shovels, forgers have been active with chisels and kilns.
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Using solar power to run the kilns only accounts for about 40 percent of cement's carbon footprint.
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A more complete solution would pair the solar kilns with new cement materials or carbon capture technologies.
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According to the Centre for Science and Environment, at least 10 million people work in these kilns.
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Occupying the entire building across the courtyard is an atelier for glazing and firing, with three kilns.
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Telltale white smoke from active kilns could be seen rising from many distant spots in the mountainous forest.
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The bio-coal is made by burning Typha in these outdoor kilns for six hours at a time.
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Pakistan has about 403,000 such kilns, said Shoaib Khan Niazi, president of the All Pakistan Brick Kiln Association.
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The wealthy state of Punjab is home to more than 600,000 workers in brick kilns, by some estimates.
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Nearly all of the remaining emissions come from the fuels used to heat the kilns, often coal or coke.
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Cement kilns work better with energy-dense internal fuel; resistive electricity on the outer surface doesn't work as well.
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Many end up as domestic workers or laborers in brick kilns, roadside restaurants or small textile and embroidery workshops.
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The success, he says, started with a campaign to get children out of the kilns launched back in 2006.
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While the number of brick kilns has fallen from its peak, there are still hundreds in the United States.
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While the factory remains open, two of the four kilns at Qixing's smelter in Zouping have been shut down.
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"The government should formulate an inclusive strategy to combat the smog instead of just shutting the kilns," she suggested.
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Others end up as domestic workers or laborers in brick kilns, roadside restaurants or small textile and embroidery workshops.
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Lawmakers voted 234-180, mainly along party lines, to pass the Blocking Regulatory Interference from Closing Kilns (BRICK) Act.
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In December 2016, LICADHO published a report determining that the risk of injuries to children in the kilns remains high.
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Flanking the furnace were several smaller, movable kilns containing colored glass specially formulated to capture the Suomi's arresting blue hues.
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There is a chamber where six dumpster-size kilns produce molten-looking ceramic vessels, some as big as hot tubs.
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They bolted for the storeroom where the pottery kilns were kept while Ms. Perkins went to shut the classroom door.
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Like volcanic rocks, the ceramic jars recorded the Earth's magnetic field when they were fired in kilns and then cooled.
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The nation also has two large cement plants that burn coal and petroleum coke in their kilns, producing carbon dioxide emissions.
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Instead they are forced to work in brick kilns or farms, enslaved in homes as domestic workers, or sold to brothels.
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Beehive-shaped clay pottery kilns, fired with wood or cow dung, sit behind the homes, with piles of firewood stacked alongside.
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A photo from the 1890s showed multiple buildings and kilns, a stark contrast to the overgrown paths we were walking along.
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This is my half of the studio, which also contains the equipment and spaces for mold making, kilns, and glass finishing.
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An estimated 500,000 people migrate from this part of the state every year, more than half to work in brick kilns.
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So even with entirely solar-powered kilns, global cement production would continue to belch roughly 1.2 billion tons of CO2 annually.
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But those working for private employers on farms, building sites and brick kilns had no such protection, labor rights campaigners said.
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India banned bonded labor in 1976, but millions of people remain enslaved in fields, brick kilns, rice mills, brothels and private homes.
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The Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority also ordered some brick kilns to close and a halt to the burning of rubbish.
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For example, heat could power industry such as paper mills, food processing plants, brick kilns or a soap factory set up nearby.
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Its kilns release pure CO2, unlike the dirtier exhaust of fossil fuel-powered ovens, which he says makes it easier to capture.
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Mome Saleem, an Islamabad-based environmentalist, said the closure of the kilns would help cut smog but other industries needed attention too.
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They will never leave this burning land, always thousands of rupees short of freeing themselves from their debts to the kilns' owners.
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These debts can be passed on from one generation to the next, as can be the case in South Asian brick kilns.
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"You can't blame fireworks as a major part of this pollution," he said, citing weather conditions and smoke from brick kilns as contributors.
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Then the fish is popped into the monster kilns at about 30 degrees Celsius for another 24 hours to absorb the oak smoke.
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We now think the ship probably sailed from the Fuzhou then to Quanzhou to load porcelains from the kilns in the Quanzhou region.
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Nearly 50 brick kilns have been issued notices, Khattak said, and more than 130 buses and other vehicles fined over the last two months.
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The kilns produce nearly 60 percent of Dhaka's air pollution, with the rest coming from dust and vehicles, along with other sources, they said.
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The workers are largely landless Adivasi tribals who are forced to work at the kilns for half the year to pay off their debt.
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Today she served as Nenadi's Judge of the Word, for she had birthed Nenadi from the kilns and thus would be inclined to mercy.
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I could go on (don't get me started on cement kilns, or the EPA's "best available control technology" guidance), but you get the picture.
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India banned bonded labor in 25, but it remains widespread with millions working in fields, brick kilns, brothels or as domestics to pay off debts.
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First, while there's lots of focus on power plants, 20 percent of global emissions actually come from industrial sources like cement kilns or steel mills.
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At Shockley's startup, a flock of young PhDs began each morning by firing up kilns to thousands of degrees and melting down germanium and silicon.
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Retrofitting old kilns to improve thermal efficiency can lower the industry's energy needs by two-fifths, according to the Carbon Disclosure Project, a research body.
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India, which is the second-biggest brick producer in the world with output at nearly 250 billion bricks annually, has an estimated 200,000 brick kilns.
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The technology uses 30 to 40 percent less energy than traditional kilns, and cuts the costs of bricks produced by up to half, Niazi said.
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In the United States, Canada, and Eastern Europe, crooked trees, bark, treetops, and sawdust have been pulped, pressed into pellets, and heat-dried in kilns.
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Beginning in the 2500th century, most of the trees that remained were felled to build ships or fed into charcoal kilns to fire the Industrial Revolution.
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"Nearly all the workers in brick kilns fall under the category of bonded labor," said Sudhir Katiyar of the National Struggle Committee of Brick Kiln Workers.
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India's Central Pollution Control Board said it would ban garbage burning and enforce stricter regulations for brick kilns and industrial plants if the air quality worsens.
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With $611 billion in spending, China rekindled growth but added to its surfeit of steel mills, cement kilns and glass factories — as well as empty homes.
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In one of the villages, there were families working in their gardens at earthen kilns pouring molten metal into wood molds — out came glowing hot spoons.
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What they do according to O*NET: Build or repair equipment such as furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers, converters, ladles, soaking pits, and ovens, using refractory materials.
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He said about 20 kilns in Punjab are in the process of being converted to zig-zag technology, with five or six now operating using it.
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But other kiln owners should expect that "we will keep on shutting these kilns after intervals to force them to covert to zig-zag," he said.
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Campaigners say the industry is rife with child labour, as are the hundreds of kilns that provide what have been dubbed 'blood bricks' for Cambodia's boom.
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They were able to determine that the style itself originated in southeastern China, but there were hundreds of ancient kilns there that could have produced them.
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In his village, Gorgama, where a few hundred laborers toil in brick kilns, money is hard to come by, and most people drop out of school.
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Many are lured from poor, rural areas with the promise of good jobs or marriage, but then sold into domestic work, prostitution, brick kilns or textile industries.
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Almost half the world's enslaved workers, or about 16 million, are in India, many working in poorly regulated industries such as brick kilns or small textile units.
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Anti-trafficking charities say survivor networks stretch across various states - boosting their reach and ability to help people in bonded labor from brick kilns to garment factories.
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EPCA, appointed by India's Supreme Court, has already proposed halting construction, the use of diesel-run power generators, brick kilns and the burning of garbage between Nov.
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To make more bricks, and earn more money, Mok Thy says it's typical for parents working at brick kilns to put their children to work alongside them.
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But for now, the authorities are focusing on the bigger problem of wood charcoal, which is produced by burning freshly felled wood without oxygen in dirt kilns.
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In the area near where soldiers were now stationed, fields cleared of trees and dotted with the remains of kilns lay deserted next to the surviving forest.
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"I make charcoal because there are no job alternatives," explains a young man tending two parallel 60-foot-long kilns in a recently cleared patch of forest.
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The consultancy points to an innovative EU-backed project in Belgium called LEILAC that aims to redesign kilns to make it easier to capture exhaust gases from calcination.
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Sulfur-heavy petcoke and other cheap, highly polluting fuels such as furnace oil are widely used by cement factories, dyeing units, paper mills, brick kilns and ceramics businesses.
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Sulphur-heavy petcoke and other cheap, highly polluting fuels such as furnace oil are widely used by cement factories, dyeing units, paper mills, brick kilns and ceramics businesses.
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Those included curbing emissions from factories, closing brick kilns that fail to use fuel-efficient technology, and fining polluting vehicles and farmers burning rice stubble in the winter.
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According to data compiled by the Centre for Science and Environment, at least 10 million people work in kilns, many located on the edge of towns and cities.
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Ruby and Schiff bought the house next door, too, and put in a pool and a family art studio with kilns, where Ruby makes ceramics with the kids.
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There are little western houses — one is an art studio, another a workshop with kilns for artisan pottery — and there's a big barn with a bar in it.
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The kilns and techniques that were developed for the industrial market became fodder for artists (of both genders) to question the form and function of glass as a medium.
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About a fifth of slavery is sex slavery, but most slavery consists of forced labor in seemingly ordinary businesses -- farms, mines, stone quarries, fishing boats, construction and brick kilns.
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In many cases, they pass on their debt and poverty to their children, who end up working at the brick kilns and very often in inhuman conditions, Katiyar said.
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Partnering with Planet Labs, the Rights Lab's Slavery from Space project was able to identify about 55,000 brick kilns - sites infamous for using slaves - across South Asia, she said.
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They are casually attired in jeans and T-shirts — the hot shop is, as its name suggests, hot — to the sound of the roaring kilns and a blaring radio.
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In a process reminiscent of high school art class, the wafers are screen printed with chemical inks on each side in an automated sequence and then fired in kilns.
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As she dismantled the kilns and stored glaze and clay on high tables in her Stock Island studio, the questions swirled: Would the Florida Keys take a direct blow?
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Naseem-ur-Rehman, a Punjab spokesman for Pakistan's Environmental Protection Agency, said brick kilns were a major contributor to smog, along with vehicle emissions and burning of crop stubble.
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A case was brought to Gujarat High Court last month asking for release certificates to be issued to 150 bonded workers who were rescued from brick kilns and restaurants.
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For over a decade he skulked around the kilns and clay seams of Jingdezhen, stealing bits of the sticky pale-grey earth the potters worked with and sending them home.
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To do so, they have to show they are replacing the trees they are cutting down and that they are using modern kilns that convert the trees efficiently into fuel.
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Brick kilns also consume 5 million tonnes of coal and 3 million tonnes of wood annually, in the process emitting 203 million tonnes of carbon into the air, Sadeque said.
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There are no official figures on the number of people employed to cut, shape and bake clay-fired bricks mostly by hand in India's tens of thousands of brick kilns.
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But the Labor Ministry insists the illegal practice of debt bondage isn't flourishing in the kilns as LICADHO claims; in fact, the Ministry says the practice doesn't exist at all.
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"The kilns themselves are mostly illegal, so keeping track of them is hard and they keep no records," said Chandan Kumar, ActionAid's national coordinator for the Bonded Labour Eradication Programme.
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But the head of human rights group Licadho said the government had long failed to tackle abuses in brick kilns and needed to enforce existing rules before launching new initiatives.
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EFFICIENT - BUT INCONVENIENT Niazi, of the brick kiln owner's association, said a 70-day closure would cause unemployment not only at brick kilns but in the coal and construction industries.
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Street children are the most visible form of child labour, according to campaigners, but often not given as much attention by authorities as those working in brick kilns or factories.
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It is produced by grinding limestone, blending it with other natural materials like clay and sand, and heating it in large industrial kilns to form pebble-sized stones called clinker.
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Some 500,000 manual laborers in 11 industries in Tamil Nadu are trapped in debt bondage, the majority working in brick kilns, according to the International Justice Mission, an anti-slavery organization.
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Until the 17th century the kilns used for malting were fired with wood or straw, which gave beers a smoky flavour, a deep brown colour, and a devilish lack of consistency.
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There are no official figures on the number of people employed to cut, shape and bake clay-fired bricks, mostly by hand, in tens of thousands of brick kilns in India.
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There's a rock collection, its contents gathered by Blunk; a ceramic studio (with three kilns) where Blunk once worked; and a woodcutting studio that still contains pieces of redwood he gathered.
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Many are from poor rural areas and are lured with the promise of good jobs, but end up sold into domestic work, prostitution, or to brick kilns, textile units and farms.
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Pieces are fired in one of his two custom-built German kilns, to about 1,650 degrees Celsius (3,000 degrees Fahrenheit), or about 200 degrees Celsius more than in the traditional process.
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Cambodia's Labour Ministry this week ordered provincial officials to inspect kilns and report those not complying with rules, and said anyone who brought a child on site would face criminal charges.
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Millions of bonded labourers work in India in fields, brick kilns and rice mills to pay off loans, and remain isolated from society even after being rescued, anti-slavery campaigners say.
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The government has also ordered that all kilns be converted to "zig-zag" technology, a design change that makes more efficient use of fuel, according to the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency.
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There are no official figures for the number of people employed to cut, shape and bake clay-fired bricks, mostly by hand, in tens of thousands of brick kilns in India.
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"All our other kilns are compliant in terms of the nitroxide and dust emissions but the PE kiln, [which] because of its technology, was impossible to take it down," he said.
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Brick kilns should not have to comply with a rule that might be overturned in court, while wood heater makers and users need more time to meet stringent new rules, Republicans argued.
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Activists from Volunteers for Social Justice and other non-profit groups held a three-day protest last week in Bathinda, which is home to almost 200 brick kilns with about 200 workers each.
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Satyarthi, credited with rescuing over 80,000 children from India's brick kilns, stone quarries, carpet factories, circuses, sweatshops and farms, said he was deeply disturbed after visiting refugee camps in Turkey, Germany and Italy.
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Many are lured by traffickers, only to find themselves or their children forced to work in fields or brick kilns, enslaved in middle-class homes as domestic workers or sold into sexual slavery.
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Many come from poor rural regions and are lured with the promise of good jobs or marriage but end up sold into domestic work, or toiling in brick kilns, textile units or prostitution.
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Democrats said the bill amounted to a regulatory exemption that would increase air pollution, similar to a bill passed Wednesday that would delay air emissions rules for brick kilns and wood-fired heaters.
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Many are from poor rural regions and are lured with the promise good jobs or marriage, but end up sold into domestic work, prostitution, or industries such as brick kilns or textile units.
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Mehar Abdul Haq, a brick kiln owner in the Kasur district of Punjab province, said kilns should be shut for a maximum of 30 days or only on days when there is smog.
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"What we are seeing is that this technology reduces carbon emissions more than 70 percent," he said - which means those kilns using zig-zag technology will be allowed to operate during smog season.
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Brick kilns should not have to comply with a rule that might be overturned in court, while wood heater makers and users need more time to meet stringent new rules, Republicans argued. Rep.
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The air quality in Delhi often hovers in the hazardous range because of things like automobile emissions, the region's reliance on coal for fuel, and the smoke emitted by brick kilns around the city.
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On a random day, a Y enthusiast could easily make several visits: Work independently during open hours in the ceramics studio, equipped with kilns, pottery wheels, buckets of glaze and tools of all kinds.
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A project based at the University of Nottingham recruits volunteers to analyze photos from Google maps and look for areas that might be brick kilns, where workers are likely to be victims of slavery.
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Though the practice was outlawed decades ago in India, it still persists in remote areas, where people are forced to work off debts in brick kilns, rice mills, and brothels, and as domestic laborers.
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Under the government order, all traditional kilns must shut from October 20 until December 31 to cut smog that has blighted parts of Punjab province, and other areas of the country, in recent years.
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Reducing waste and emissions By taking kilns and mortar out of the brick-making process, Banerjee claims Plastiqubes can reduce energy use by 70 percent, generating a much lower carbon footprint than traditional bricks.
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"Based on the results of this project, it is clear that the qingbai-style ceramics from the Java Sea Shipwreck came from a variety of kilns in China," the researchers wrote in an email.
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Jingdezhen Journal JINGDEZHEN, China — For centuries, the most coveted china from China came out of Jingdezhen's workshops — fashioned from clay made smooth by trained hands, fired in kilns and then transported across the world.
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India banned bonded labor in 1976, but it remains widespread, with millions from the marginalized Dalit and tribal communities working in fields, brick kilns, rice mills, brothels or as domestic workers to pay off debts.
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The House Rules Committee is scheduled to meet on Monday night on the two proposals: the Blocking Regulatory Interference from Closing Kilns (BRICK) Act and the Satisfying Energy Needs and Saving the Environment (SENSE) Act.
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And in a 2014 opinion, Judge Kavanaugh ruled in favor of the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group that had criticized an industry-friendly provision in a federal rule involving emissions from cement kilns.
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PHNOM PENH (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - A new government push to stamp out debt bondage and child labor in Cambodian brick kilns needs to be backed by a fresh commitment to enforcement, campaigners warned on Wednesday.
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Earlier this year, Dr. Polak described a new project he was working on: carbonizing mesquite chips and bamboo in motorized kilns made from chains of 55-gallon drums to see which made the best charcoal.
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The 13-cm (5-inch) bowl, used to wash brushes, was fired in the famed Northern Song dynasty (960-1127) kilns in Ruzhou, and was sold to an anonymous buyer after a 20-minute bidding battle.
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According to a 2015 paper by the Centre for Science and Environment at least 10 million people work in kilns, many located on the edge of towns and cities making them easily accessible for urban builders.
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Some plastic waste, if properly sorted and classified, is already being used in the region as a raw material for high-end manufacturing and as a replacement for fossil fuels in cement kilns, among other uses.
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Arif Jeewa, former chairman of the Association of Builders and Developers of Pakistan (ABAD), said a shutdown of brick kilns would have no impact on Pakistan's commercial construction industry because it relied instead on cement blocks.
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In the distance smoke plumes from brick kilns, where men, women, and children spend their entire lives on their knees under the sun, cooling, patting, stacking, and packing red bricks that are sent across the country.
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The majority of the qingbai wares came from kilns in Fujian province, which produced a huge number of ceramics for export to markets in East and Southeast Asia and other parts of the Indian Ocean World.
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"There is a huge urgency for this bill," said Tathagata Satpathy, a parliamentarian from the eastern state of Odisha, where authorities have for years recorded the trafficking of people into debt bondage, often in brick kilns.
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Victims, mostly from poor rural areas, are lured by traffickers with promises of good jobs, only to find themselves forced to work in fields or brick kilns, enslaved in homes as domestic workers, or as prostitutes.
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Pakistani meteorologist Mohammad Hanif said Sunday that the pollution, caused by the burning of crops and emissions from factories and brick kilns in Pakistan and neighboring India, is expected to linger until the middle of the month.
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The government has also pushed brick kiln owners to shift to cleaner technology, offering loans to make the switch, as well as issuing fines for kilns that operate using the dirtiest technologies, such as burning used tires.
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Brick kilns in and around Dhaka are responsible for a big share of the densely populated capital's air pollution, according to research conducted by Bangladesh's Department of Environment in association with the Norwegian Institute for Air Research.
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Many poor victims from rural areas are lured by traffickers with promises of good jobs, only to find themselves forced to work in fields or brick kilns, enslaved in homes as domestic workers, or sold to brothels.
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Children in the kilns During the week that a CNN crew spent filming at brick factories outside of Phnom Penh, we saw children involved with various steps of the brick-making process, in every factory we visited.
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As well as creating dust and sulfur dioxide, which can cause respiratory diseases and put stress on local crops and wildlife, one study estimated that India's brick kilns burn 15 - 20 million tons of coal each year.
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At a 2014 Sotheby's auction in Hong Kong, the Shanghai businessman Liu Yiqian offered a record-setting $36.3 million for a delicate Ming dynasty porcelain cup, called a "chicken cup," that was fired in Jingdezhen's imperial kilns.
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But Edward Winter (20163-1976), who practiced in Cleveland during the 40s, 50s, and 60s, was able to increase the scale of his art by partnering with an industrial enameling company, which gave him access to larger kilns.
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Many poor victims from rural areas are lured by traffickers with promises of good jobs, only to find themselves sold to brothels, forced to work in fields or brick kilns or enslaved in homes as domestic workers. Staylaid.
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A series of rescues this year have highlighted the plight of the hundreds of pregnant and lactating women working in brick kilns, rice mills and on farms across India, often to pay off debts they did not incur.
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Authorities in the eastern state of Odisha said hundreds of thousands of people were estimated to be leaving to find work every year, with many trafficked into exploitative jobs in the brick kilns fuelling the country's construction boom.
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The Rules Committee has scheduled a meeting Monday to begin looking at the three proposals: the Satisfying Energy Needs and Saving the Environment Act, the Blocking Regulatory Interference from Closing Kilns Act and the Comprehensive Regulatory Review Act.
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"How I will provide food to my three children during closure of the kilns?" asked Sumaira Bibi, 270, who with her 60-year-old husband frames up 1,200 bricks a day for a kiln near Islamabad, earning about $8.
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"We have now told dozens of industrial units and brick kilns through warning notices to install air cleaning filters on smoke-emitting chimneys and have started monitoring vehicles on various thoroughfares and issuing fines to the polluting vehicle owners," he said.
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Many are villagers lured by traffickers with the promise of a good job and an advance payment, only to find themselves or their children forced to work in fields or brick kilns, enslaved in brothels and sold into sexual slavery.
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There are hundreds of other small-time thieves like him, he says nervously, supplementing their income on a Sunday evening by fanning out to sell bike-loads of coal to owners of iron works and brick kilns, and tea brewers.
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And some of the most destructive industries on the planet use unfree labor: illegal tropical logging, wildcat mining for gold and other minerals, reckless fishing that destroys precious coastal mangrove forests and brickmaking with kilns that release powerful greenhouse gases.
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Njonjo said the company was working in Nigeria to collect bottles and find a way for them to be re-used through a partnership with cement-maker Lafarge in which bottles would be burned in kilns as an energy source.
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Richmond, who took up his post at the end of last year, also highlighted the fact that many of the world's trafficking victims - whether on farms, brothels and brick kilns - would prove tough to identify and protect through modern technology.
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Because of the high heat and large amounts of energy needed as well as the chemical processes involved, making conventional or Portland cement — a process which requires high temperature kilns — produces as much as 7 percent of total global CO2 emissions.
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MUMBAI (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Most of the 12 million workers in India's brick kilns are victims of debt bondage, labor rights campaigners said on Friday, as they appealed to all major political parties to help crack down on the middlemen who trap them.
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The plantation is seen as a rare success story in a country where about 18 million people are estimated by the government to be trapped in bonded labor, working without pay across fields, brick kilns, factories, brothels or as maids to repay debts.
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"The women workers in brick kilns are invisible - they are not recognized as workers, they don't get paid for their work, and they have no rights or benefits," said Gangambika Sekhar, an advocate with Volunteers for Social Justice, that organized the event.
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The city's name is derived from that of the Jingde emperor, who around the beginning of the 11th century ordered that some of its kilns should make a line of wares exclusively for his use, stamped on their base with the seal of his reign.
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His sculptures started out clearly enough as polite, wheel-thrown vessels but evolved into nervy and transgressive abstract paintings, looming behemoths fired in industrial-size kilns, precarious assemblages and live-wire performances (no ritual immolation but lots of smashing and dropping of plates and vases).
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"There is definitely a link between the building you see coming up in the city and the pile of bricks lying outside the construction site which come from brick kilns employing bonded labor," said P.M. Nair, a leading expert on human trafficking and modern day slavery.
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Part II (there is one more sale to come) included a rare Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279) black ware "oil spot" tea bowl from the Jian kilns that has been documented as being owned by Japan's Kuroda clan, possibly as far back as the 16th century.
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An internal zig-zag structure in kilns, combined with the use of an air blower, can cut the consumption of coal, slash emissions substantially and improve the quality of bricks produced, said Malik Amin Aslam, an adviser to Prime Minister Imran Khan on climate change issues.
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Czech. Czech. Czech. There is evidence that glass has been made in what is now the Czech Republic since the third century B.C. But as the makers leveled surrounding forests for wood to heat their kilns, they had to keep moving in search of more trees.
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Pavel Cech, the Malaysian-based managing director of ResourceCo Asia, the Southeast Asian branch of an Australian company that produces the fuel, said that between 100 and 150 shipping containers of it would not reach cement kilns in Malaysia and the Philippines this month because of customs disputes.
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The guest cottage includes a living room with an open, trussed ceiling; a bedroom with brick flooring; a bathroom with a walk-in shower; and a second bedroom that was recently expanded into a pottery studio with beamed, vaulted ceilings and clerestory windows (it currently holds two kilns).
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The city, with a population that could be as high as 5m people now, is fringed by the mountains of the Hindu Kush, which trap the smoke from the fires people burn to keep warm in the winter, not to mention pollution from traffic and brick kilns near the city.
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With few trees and an abundance of traffic, as well as brick kilns spewing black smoke and open incineration of waste, Rawalpindi has air pollution levels more than 10 times above levels considered safe by the World Health Organization, said Asif Shuja Khan, a former director general of the Pakistan Environmental Protection agency.
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Kirk Smith, a professor of global environmental health at the University of California Berkeley, observed that there are anti-pollution laws in India but they aren't enforced well, so while major cities can ban pollution sources like brick kilns from within their boundaries, they can't stop exhaust from blowing over from the perimeter.
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Government inaction In a bid to improve air quality, local governments have implemented various measures, including the shut down of power plants and brick kilns in the wider Delhi region, as well as the banning of private electricity generators during the winter months, said Anumita Roychowdhury, executive director at the Center for Science and Environment.
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Kathy CastorKatherine (Kathy) Anne CastorPelosi, Schumer invite US women's soccer team to Capitol Democrats grill Trump officials over fuel standard rollback Steyer group targeting 12 congressional Democrats over impeachment MORE (D-Fla.) forced a vote on the matter as a "motion to recommit" on a GOP-backed bill to delay air pollution standards for brick kilns and wood-fired heaters.
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Kathy CastorKatherine (Kathy) Anne CastorPelosi, Schumer invite US women's soccer team to Capitol Democrats grill Trump officials over fuel standard rollback Steyer group targeting 2628 congressional Democrats over impeachment MORE (D-Fla.) forced a vote on the matter as a "motion to recommit" on a GOP-backed bill to delay air pollution standards for brick kilns and wood-fired heaters.
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