The bones were trapped in ironstone because when the dinosaur died, some of the bones separated and went downstream before becoming lodged together in a silt-filled area.
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Tenant: Manny Mulokandov Tenant's Broker: Abe Bichoupan, Bertwood Realty Landlord: 200 West 400 L.L.C. and Two Lions Capital Landlord's Representative: Morwin Schmookler, Ironstone Partners $5.65 MILLION 227 West 17th Street (between Seventh and Eighth Avenues) Manhattan A 4,800-square-foot, third-floor loft space, 120 feet wide with 11-foot ceilings, is available in this eight-story elevator mixed-use Chelsea co-op, a 1910 building, on the same block as Twitter's New York headquarters.
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The Kettering Ironstone Railway was an industrial narrow gauge railway that served the ironstone quarries around Kettering.
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It typically grows in soils derived from ironstone and is generally found within its range, wherever ironstone is present.
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The Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway was a standard-gauge mineral railway that served an ironstone quarry near the village of Wroxton in Oxfordshire.
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The Hook Norton ironstone quarries (Baker) were ironstone quarries at Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, England, operating from the 1890s to the end of the First World War. Two sites were quarried and it was the only Hook Norton ironstone quarry business to be locally owned.
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An ironstone pitcher and washbowl. Ironstone's resistance to chipping made it a popular material for pitchers and other everyday tableware in the 19th century. Ironstone china, ironstone ware or most commonly just ironstone, is a type of vitreous pottery first made in the United Kingdom in the early 19th century. It is often classed as earthenware although in appearance and properties it is similar to fine stoneware.
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The Hook Norton ironstone quarries (Brymbo) were ironstone quarries near Hook Norton in Oxfordshire, England. The quarries were in operation from 1899 to 1946 supplying ironstone to the Brymbo Steelworks in Wrexham and were served by the Brymbo Ironworks Railway, an extensive, narrow gauge industrial railway.
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Iron has been worked in Cleveland on a small scale since before Roman times. The Cleveland Ironstone Formation consists of seams of marine ironstone alternating with shale and siltstone, of Lower Jurassic age.Tvrigs.org.uk: Cleveland Ironstone Formation The Cleveland Ironstone Formation represents the Middle Lias or Upper Pliensbachian-Domerian. Two Ammonite zones (rock layers identified by particular fossils) are (largely) included: those indexed by Pleuroceras spinatum and Amaltheus margaritatus.
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The banded ironstone spider orchid is found between Canna and Diemals in the Coolgardie and Yalgoo biogeographic regions where it mostly grows in seasonally moist soils on banded ironstone hills.
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This eremophila is only known from a single population near Mullewa in the Yalgoo biogeographic region growing in ironstone soils near the top of a banded ironstone hill in dense shrubland.
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The Lincolnshire ironstone is found in the Lower Lias band in the Lower Jurassic series/period, it is a nearly horizontal bed, thick, averaging , and consists of calcareous haematite; near the surface the ores are converted to a hydrous form, limonite. The deposit is thought to have been originally created by the deposition by precipitation of Iron(II) containing waters, followed by oxidation via weathering to Iron(III). Characteristic fossils found in the ironstone beds included large Ammonites, and Gryphaea, Cardinia, and other mollusc species. The geological strata in Lincolnshire includes a number of iron bearing rocks including (downwards) the Claxby ironstone (Claxby, Lower Cretaceous period); the Lincoln ironstone; the Caythorpe ironstone (Caythorpe, Middle Lias period), below which is the 'Frodingham Ironstone' once mined at Scunthorpe.
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Ironstone traffic over it began on 29 June 1883. There were extensive ironstone deposits in the area, exploited by opencast mining, and the GNR soon extended the line a further three miles an ironstone pit near to Harston, forming the Woolsthorpe Branch Extension. In the 1940s a branch from the Woolsthorpe line was made to Harlaxton, south of Denton, reaching further iron workings. When the ironstone industry declined in the area, the line was closed, between 1974 and 1977.
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The local area has been worked for iron ore since Roman times. An ironstone industry developed in the 19th century with the coming of the railways and the discovery of extensive ironstone beds. By 1910 an ironstone works had been established. In 1931 Corby was a small village with a population of around 1,500.
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In medieval times monks from Kirkstall, Rievaulx and Byland Abbeys and St John's Priory in Pontefract obtained ironstone from Sitlington. The seam of ironstone lay between the Joan and Flockton coal seams in the area. Ironstone was mined at Emroyd from 1798. A blast furnace powered by a steam engine built there closed around 1821.
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The rate of growth of ironstone production was prodigious. In 1850, just 4,000 tons of Cleveland Ironstone were extracted. The railway extension opened on 6 January 1851, and in that year, 187,950 tons were extracted.
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The Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway was built during The First World War to carry ironstone from a quarry west of Horley to a junction with the Great Western Railway just north of Banbury. The ironstone railway passed just south of Horley, where a concrete bridge carried the railway over the Horley–Wroxton road. The railway was opened in 1917 and closed in 1967.
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The popular footpath from Drayton to Drayton Lodge crossed the railway at Drayton Crossing. Wroxton Central Ironstone Quarry was opened by 1919, closed and filled in 1967. Langley Ironstone Quarry was built near Balscot by 1926, and was closed and filled during 1943 when it ran out of ironstone. Dyke Lane Bridge was built in 1940 and abandoned in 1967.
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There were a number of ironstone quarries around Hook Norton. In the 1890s the Hook Norton Ironstone Partnership were dispatching ore by rail, with sidings on the south side of the down platform.Hemmings Vol.1, p.112.
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Another threatened species that inhabits the range is Grevillea elongata or the Ironstone grevillea which is found mostly in one single community known as Southern Ironstone; this species is under continuous threat from weeds such as Watsonia.
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Image of Staithes showing part of the village (foreground), the east-side harbour wall (middle left) and the headland of Penny Nab (centre background). The base of the Cleveland Ironstone commences at the foot of the cliff. The Cleveland Ironstone Formation is a sequence of marine ironstone seams interbedded with shale and siltstone units which collectively form a part of the Lower Jurassic System of rocks underlying Cleveland and North Yorkshire. Exploitation of the ironstone seams became a major driving force behind the industrialisation of the Teesside district during the mid- to late-1800s.
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After irreversible hardening, it is no longer considered plinthite but is called ironstone. Indurated ironstone materials can be broken or shattered with a spade but cannot be dispersed if one shakes them in water with a dispersing agent.
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Joseph Kelly Ironstone (June 28, 1898 – December 12, 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Ironstone was a goaltender who played professionally from 1921 until 1936. He is recorded as playing two games in the National Hockey League (NHL), and one season as a back-up, but played mostly in the minor professional leagues during his career. Ironstone was the second Jew to play in the NHL.
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Ironstone was the subject of a radio play written by Paul Davies in 1996.
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Rothwell sits in an area rich in iron ore. From 1925 until 1962, ironstone was quarried from large, shallow pits to the south east of the town. These were connected by the narrow gauge Kettering Ironstone Railway to the ironworks north of Kettering.
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Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway's permanent way hut (known as a P-hut) at Drayton in 2005. A P-hut was used by track maintenance staff. At the far right is a pile of rubble where a signal post used to be. The Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway was built during the First World War to carry ironstone from a quarry west of Horley to a junction with the Great Western Railway just north of Banbury.
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Freight consisted mainly of agricultural produce, milk and cattle for Banbury where there was a market next to Merton Street station. Ironstone was also carried from Wroxton via the Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway and the GWR's Banbury station; coal and building materials were also transported.
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The Ironstone Plateau (jabal hadid) is a region in the south and west of South Sudan.
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The two formations show similar types of ooidal ironstone as well as other quite different lithologies.
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Ironstone Bridge is a historic concrete arch bridge located at Douglass Township in Berks County, Pennsylvania. It is a single span , concrete barrel arch bridge, constructed in 1907. It crosses Ironstone Creek. Note: This includes It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
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The locality includes the following places which are listed on the South Australian Heritage Register: Bates Farmhouse and Threshing Floor (Ironstone) Ironstone is located within the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Mawson and the local government area of the Kangaroo Island Council.
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In the 1850s Sir Charles Palmer opened an ironstone mine at Rosedale Wyke, Port Mulgrave with ironstone loaded onto small vessels from a wooden jetty. The barges were moved in and out using a paddle steamer. Port Mulgrave Harbour A nearby harbour was constructed by Sir Charles Palmer in 1856-57 at a cost of £45,000. Initially the harbour exported ironstone to Jarrow on Tyneside to supply Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company Limited founded by Sir Charles Palmer.
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The Ironstone mill housing at 135 Ironstone Street was built by the Ironstone Cotton Manufacturing Company which produced cotton yarns. William Arnold built this mill in 1814 to make yarn from raw cotton which was then woven into fabric by area families operating as cottage industries. Around 1820, Arnold added this housing when he increased the factory production by increasing water power and installing power looms. The earliest power looms in America included those used in Uxbridge.
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Monument to John Vaughan by George Anderson Lawson in Middlesbrough. The inscription reads: 'John Vaughan 1799–1868 Mayor of Middlesbrough 1855 discovered ironstone in the Cleveland hills founder of the iron trade in Middlesbrough. Partner of Bolckow, Vaughan & Co. who built one of the first iron works in Middlesbrough in 1840.'Flickr: Ironmaster Vaughan Knowing of earlier attempts at extracting ironstone in Cleveland, Vaughan suspected a more abundant supply of ironstone could be found close to hand.
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Phebalium megaphyllum grows in scrub on undulating plains, ironstone hills and breakaways between Mullewa, Coolgardie and Ravensthorpe.
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Evenley Manor House is a mid-17th-century building of three bays, built of ironstone and limestone.
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The ironstone plateau has more trees and travel is easier. The plateau and peneplain are mostly wooded.
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The ironstone railway passed just north of Drayton. It was opened in 1917 and closed in 1967.
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Pawtucket is about to the SE of Ironstone. Slatersville, Rhode Island, the next community south of Ironstone, was established by Samuel Slater and his brother John Slater (industrialist) in 1806, and became the template for mill villages throughout the Blackstone Valley later known as "The Rhode Island System".
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The Hook Norton Ironstone Partnership was the first company to quarry ironstone at Hook Norton on a large scale. Although only in operation for twelve years, its quarries subsequently became part of the Brymbo Steelworks quarries and relics of the Partnership's railways and tramways can still be seen today.
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It was developed in the 19th century by potters in Staffordshire, England as a cheaper, mass-produced alternative for porcelain. There is no iron in ironstone; its name is derived from its notable strength and durability. Ironstone in Britain's Staffordshire potteries was closely associated with the company founded by Charles James Mason following his patent of 1813, with the name subsequently becoming generic. The strength of Mason's ironstone body enabled the company to produce ornamental objects of considerable size"Mason ware".
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The Claxby Ironstone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
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On average the Cleveland Ironstone Formation comprises around 70% shale and 30% ironstone though the latter occurs in the form of the six named seams of variable thickness. The ironstone is classed as being low-grade with an iron-content of up to 33%, and is deemed economically viable only above ~27%. Close-up of a sample of Cleveland ironstone from Kilton Mine demonstrating the rock's oolitic texture. The primary iron-bearing minerals are the iron carbonate siderite (FeCO3) and berthierine (formerly known as chamosite,(). Ancillary components include calcite (as MgCO3 and MnCO3), pyrite (FeS2), collophanite (Ca3P2O8 H2O ), silica (Si), clay minerals and derivatives such as octahedrite (brookite) (TiO2), and dickite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4).
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It is an ironstone building of five bays. Upper Boddington had a Methodist chapel that was built in 1865.
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The Ironstone Bridge and Pine Forge Mansion and Industrial Site are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
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In September, Ironstone hosts the Coucours d' Elegance car show as a fund-raiser for California youth agriculture programs.
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Wigpool Ironstone Mine is a recorded hibernation site for both Lesser and Greater Horseshoe bats. The entrances to the site are gated and grilled to protect the bats from interference and Natural England reports that all ten of them were checked by the Forest of Dean Caving Conservation and Access Group in September 2011. The use of the site by the bats remains good.Natural England SSSI information on the Wigpool Ironstone Mine units Wigpool nature reserve is on the western boundary of Wigpool Ironstone Mine.
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In the past, ironstone was mined near Irthlingborough, and as part of the local ironstone mine, a tunnel was bored between Irthlingborough and nearby Finedon. The tunnel still exists, but the Irthlingborough end has been landscaped over, and the Finedon end sealed with concrete. Irthlingborough railway station closed in 1964 to passengers.
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The west of the parish was the site of Buckminster Quarries, site of extensive ironstone mining for around a hundred years. Operations ceased in 1972. A series of industrial railways linked to the High Dyke Branch with an end-on junction at Stainby. There is now little trace of the Ironstone workings.
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Later ironstone was sent to blast furnaces by the River Tees. When the mine at Rosedale Wyke began to run out Sir Charles Palmer established Grinkle ironstone mine to the east near the hamlet of Dalehouse and in 1875 a narrow- gauge railway line was built to the mine. The ironstone wagons from Grinkle Mine were taken over bridges then through a tunnel under Ridge Lane down a mile long inclined tunnel on a ropeway powered by a steam engine situated by the east pier then emerging in the cliff side 30 ft above sea level. The railway wagons were then led onto a gantry with bunkers on the east harbour wall ready for loading the ironstone directly into ships in the harbour.
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So, teams began to work the field and make it ready for fruit trees, but a snag arose when one plow broke on a large, mushroom-shaped piece of ironstone (about 20 ft. in diameter). Even when it was revealed that this land was dotted heavily with these ironstone protrusions, Smith refused to be daunted; he ordered men to hand-drill holes in all the stones large enough to fit a parcel of gunpowder. Smith then blasted each chunk of ironstone until he had enough surface room to grow the trees, about 3 ft.
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In addition to vineyards in the Sierra Foothills, Ironstone draws on the production from its Lodi appellation vineyards—some in all. John and Gail Kautz, founders of Ironstone, were the first to plant chardonnay and other wine varietals in the Lodi area. The Kautz family grows numerous varieties including Cabernet Franc, Symphony, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. Ironstone Vineyards is a family run business where apart from the husband-wife duo, John and Gail Kautz, their sons Kurt Kautz is the chief financial officer and Jack Kautz is the director.
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Paul Gouge is a games industry entrepreneur and investor, the founder of BattleMail, Rockpool Games, Ironstone Partners, Ideas Pad and Playdemic.
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This building was erected in a perpendicular style in the 14th and 15th centuries, incorporating some 12th-century work. It includes a nave, two aisles, north sacristy, south porch and west tower. The walls are constructed of coursed ironstone and limestone rubble, with coursed ironstone and sandstone in the tower. The roofs are of tile and lead.
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It is now managed as a park by Northampton Borough Council. Part of the route of the railway built for the quarrying remains and beginning in 1975 has been modified for use by the Northamptonshire Ironstone Railway TrustTonks :pages 117-20 who added a new line. The track is used and maintained by the Trust.Northamptonshire Ironstone Railway Trust.
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An ironstone quarry northwest of the village was opened in 1917 and worked heavily in the Second World War. It had its own railway, the Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway, that linked it to the Great Western Railway near Banbury. The quarry and its railway closed in 1967. A newer quarry close by is now served by road transport only.
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This find was swiftly exploited, and Middlesbrough grew very rapidly to support the new ironworks developed by Bolckow Vaughan and others in the area.Museums in Redcar & Cleveland: Cleveland Ironstone Mining Retrieved 11 March 2012. The main ironstone seam (see illustration) in the Eston Hills is 16 feet thick.This is the North East: Communigate: Newport, Middlesbrough Retrieved 11 March 2012.
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The firm behind the Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway was one of the backers of the ill-fated 1920–1922 Edge Hill Light Railway. There was talk of reopening the by then overgrown, but workable line early in to World War II but, it was decided that the Oxfordshire Ironstone line was to be considered adequate to serve the area's requirements.
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The Ironstone Plateau takes its name from the hard red lateritic soil called ironstone that covers almost the entire area. These soils are often thin and may be unsuitable for agriculture, except in the Green Belt in the extreme southwest of Western Equatoria and in a region around the Acholi Mountains in the Torit County of Eastern Equatoria. The country north and east of the ironstone plateau is covered in clayish black cotton soil, mostly grasslands that are prone to flooding. The black cotton soil cracks when it is dry, but expands and becomes sticky in the rain, making travel difficult.
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The post office is a Grade II listed 17th century shop with house attached, built of ironstone and red brick. Schoolhouse The Grade II listed Brownlow Arms public house was built in 1852 of ironstone and limestone. The old school and schoolhouse were built in 1867 on the site of the medieval castle but they are outside of the present scheduled area.
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Thorpe Malsor sits in the Northamptonshire ironstone field. Between 1913 and 1946, iron ore was quarried from extensive, shallow pits on the north and west sides of the village. These pits were connected to the ironworks north of Kettering, by branch of the narrow gauge Kettering Ironstone Railway. The railway crossed the valley north-east of the village on a substantial viaduct.
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Loddington is situated on the ironstone beds that run through Northamptonshire, and these were worked commercially up until the early 1960s by the Loddington Iron Ore Company. A gauge tramway connected the ironstone pits to the nearby standard gauge line from Kettering to Cransley. In 1958, the tramway was converted to standard gauge and worked as a branch from Cransley to Loddington.
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Hibernation sites include Buckshraft Mine & Bradley Hill Railway Tunnel, Old Bow And Old Ham Mines, Westbury Brook Ironstone Mine and Wigpool Ironstone Mine. The deciduous woodlands and sheltered valleys of the Forest of Dean and the Wye Valley provide a good feeding area, and the underground systems provide roosting and breeding sites. The citations for the series of sites provide common information.
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There is a one-room schoolhouse here which is now a historic building, and is known as the Ironstone School. Today it is the home of the South Uxbridge Community Association. Ironstone and South Uxbridge are part of the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor of the National Park Service. The Blackstone Valley is the oldest industrialized region of the United States.
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By 1897 the works was close to exhausting its source of ironstone near Wrexham and sought an alternative quarry to feed its furnaces. Ironstone fields near Hook Norton were bought and a works set up to calcine the ore. A second kiln was brought into service in June 1900. A narrow gauge internal tramway system was built to serve the quarry and works.
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This darwinia is only known from the Scott Coastal Plain, east of Augusta where it grows in scrubland in sand or clay over ironstone.
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Sewstern Industrial Estate lies east of the village, just beyond the parish boundary, on the site of the former workshops of the ironstone company.
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Other materials found on Horizon Guyot are analcime, barite, calcite, celadonite, cristobalite, glauconite, gypsum, ironstone, kaolinite, mica, montmorillonite, mudstone, quartz, sapropel, smectite and zeolite.
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The area had many small limestone and ironstone quarries. Dockra and Broadstone quarries are quite nearby. Around 30 people were employed here in the 1930s.
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This desert plant is found in areas of ironstone, with sandstone, chert and quartzite in Transvaal, South Africa. This is an area of summer rainfall.
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The Church of St Peter dating from the 14th century is constructed of coursed ironstone, cobbles and clunch with large parts of clunch and ironstone banding. Considerable repairs were made in 1621, especially in the south-west part of the church and the tower. The whole building was restored in 1874. Tempsford Methodist Church was built in 1804 and is in the St. Neots and Huntingdon Circuit.
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They are currently unringable because the fourth bell is cracked. St. John's is now one of eight ecclesiastical parishes in the Ironstone Benefice.St Peter's Church Hanwell: The Ironstone Benefice Churches Non-conformist groups in Hornton included Baptists in the 17th century and Quakers in the 17th and 18th centuries. Hornton had a Primitive Methodist congregation by 1836, which had built its own chapel by 1842.
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The area around Wellingborough was rich in iron ore. A quarry opened in Irchester around 1872 to extract the iron ore, which was mainly processed in the local iron works. Ironstone continued to be mined up until closure of the quarries in 1969. In 1971 the Northamptonshire County Council opened the Irchester Country Park, which is located on the site of the former opencast ironstone quarries.
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Born in Sudbury, Ontario, Ironstone was Jewish.The Big Book of Hockey for Kids - Eric Zweig - Google Books He first played senior hockey in 1921 with the Sudbury Wolves of the Northern Ontario Hockey Association. He played three seasons with the Wolves before joining the Ottawa Senators for the 1924–25 season. Ironstone was the back-up goaltender for the season, and did not see game action.
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St John's is constructed in ironstone and chalk rubble, with limestone ashlar dressings. The roofs are covered with lead and tiles, the tiles being decorated in fishscale bands. Its plan consists of a nave with a clerestory, a north aisle, a south porch, a chancel, a vestry, and a west tower. The tower is built in ironstone, and is in three stages on a plinth.
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The Elisha Southwick House is located in Chocolog Village (also known as Ironstone, Massachusetts or South Uxbridge) at 255 Chocolog Road. This wooden clapboard house was built between 1820 and 1830 and was occupied by Elisha Southwick by 1855. Elisha and his brother Jonathan had rebuilt the Ironstone Mill after it burnt to the ground the first time. They produced the cloth to produce Kentucky jeans.
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Westbury Brook Ironestone Mine is a recorded hibernation site for both Lesser and Greater Horseshoe bats. The entrances to the site, which are at Scowles, are gated and grilled to protect the bats from interference.Natural England SSSI information on the Westbury Brook Ironstone Mine units The Westbury Brook Ironstone Mine notification overlaps underground with the Edgehills Quarry notification. The latter is notified for its geological special interest.
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A major objective in the building of the Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway was to place the North Oxfordshire ironstone producing district in direct communication with the South Wales coalfield.Jenkins, p.38. After the line had been authorised, its route at Hook Norton was altered incurring extra costs of £25,000. This change may have been influenced by the presence of ironstone at Hook Norton.Jenkins, p.39.
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A notable building is Brandon Old Hall, built in the 16th century. Built of coursed dark gold bands of ironstone, light gold bands of ironstone, narrow bands of blue lias with limestone ashlar dressings. The garden is walled in the same unique style. Medieval earthworks of a toft (homestead with land), a hollow way and some boundaries have been identified around the existing village.
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In the early beginnings of America's industrial revolution, a mill, mill village and housing developed at Ironstone significant to the textile industry of Uxbridge. A national historic site marks the "Ironstone Mill and Cellar Hole", one of several examples of Mill worker housing and a mill village in the upper Blackstone Valley. The site, at 136 Ironstone Street, is just north of exit 1 on Massachusetts Route 146, the principal limited access highway between Worcester, and Providence, Rhode Island, also located off Massachusetts Route 146A, the "Lydia Taft Highway". For a complete listing of the National Historic Register listings in Uxbridge, see the link below.
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The slump revealed a new area of shale which could be used to make alum, so a new set of works was built the following year, and the houses of the workers built further inland. Besides alum and ironstone mining, the cliffs have supported a small jet industry, which still entices people to look for the stone along the headland. The ironstone at Kettleness was worked in two sites; between 1838 and 1857, stone was won directly from the cliffs and beach being loaded onto ships directly in the bay, though this was described as a "hazardous operation". Ironstone was shipped to the Wylam furnaces of Losh, Wilson and Bell.
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Gaya is also believed to be the origin of a man named Kano who first settled in the present Kano State on his search for ironstone.
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Magnificent prostanthera grows on granite outcrops, ironstone hills and rock crevices in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Geraldton Sandplains, Murchison and Yalgoo biogeographic regions of Western Australia.
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The Smoky Group is represented by marine silty shale with ironstone and bentonite streaks. Sandstone occurs at the base, and is transitional to the Dunvegan Formation.
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Vaughan is best known for his discovery of ironstone in the Cleveland Hills, on an exploratory walk with his mining engineer, John Marley in June 1850.
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The Lea Park Formation is composed of dark shale with minor siltstone. Calcite veins and ironstone concretions, as well as bentonite beds are found throughout the formation.
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Other advantages of hot blast were that raw coal could be used instead of coke. In Scotland, the relatively poor "black band" ironstone could be profitably smelted.
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The islands are of ironstone formation overlying quartzite and crystalline schists. Other islands are Bugaia, Lingira (pop. 1000), and Namiti. Rusinga and Mfangano are within Kenyan borders.
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The oldest bell was cast in about 1400 and another was cast in 1618. St Michael's is now one of eight ecclesiastical parishes in the Ironstone Benefice.
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Jenkins, p.54. The land was transferred again on 1 April 1889 to the Hook Norton Ironstone Partnership, Richard Looker being the first Partnership manager.Tonks, p.73.
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In 1832 it took of coal, of limestone and of ironstone to make of pig iron. The ironstone was baked with coke and limestone in a kiln, then emptied into a furnace, from which it came out as ore. This was cast into pigs with crystalline or granular structure, and then refined by cold blast, coming out flaky. There were four blast furnaces, with the air delivered by powerful steam engines.
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Based on the stratigraphy of the formation, the Cleveland Ironstone was found to belong within the Upper Pliensbachian (Domerian) universal stage. Ironstone seams and accompanying shales may be highly fossiliferous with remains so abundant in parts as to form well-developed shell-beds. Analysis reveals a wealth of shallow-water marine species, some in life position, along with trace fossils including Rhizocorallium burrows well exposed at Old Nab, east of Staithes.
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Corymbia ferriticola mainly grows on ironstone hills, in gorges and on steep slopes in the Pilbara region, with scattered populations near Mount Augustus, Meekatharra and the Gibson Desert.
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Rocky Ridge is an unincorporated community in Frederick County, Maryland, United States. The name "Rocky Ridge" likely refers to a ridge of ironstone which runs through the area.
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The same seams of ironstone and coal were exploited by the Low Moor Iron Company, founded in 1788, and then by the Bierley Iron Company from around 1810.
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The Eaton Branch Railway was a standard gauge industrial railway built to serve ironstone quarries around the village of Eaton in Leicestershire. It operate from 1884 until 1965.
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Ironstone from the Breathitt Formation along I-64 The Breathitt Formation is a geologic formation in Ohio and Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Pennsylvanian period.
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The suburb is thought to be named after either the Spanish city of Málaga, or the Aboriginal word malaga which means ironstone. The name was approved in 1969.
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He had an interest in history, and was a member of the Northamptonshire Record Society, while he campaigned for the restoration of abandoned ironstone quarries in the county.
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Artisanal mining and quarrying of laterites and Ironstone form one of the major local economies of Mmaku. Abandoned quarry sites dot the landscape of Mmaku and its environs.
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Former ironstone workings (2009) The town of Scunthorpe exists primarily due to the development of the iron ore and steel industry in the area, changing the character of the area from almost entirely rural to one of a large heavy industrial enterprise and town in a rural setting. As a consequence most of the buildings in the town date to the late 19th or 20th century. After closure the underground ironstone working caused serious subsidence in some areas due to washing out of clay causing delayed collapse. Parts of the surface ironstone workings were restored using company and governmental contributed funds during the late 20th century; some workings such as the Winterton quarry were utilised as landfill sites.
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It is also found on ironstone plains preferring winter wet areas. The plant is only found Mount Singleton to Mount Gibson area between Wubin and Paynes Find, Western Australia.
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The boulder opal is formed from ironstone with a rich opal color running through it. Koroit is in a very remote area of Australia. The roads are often treacherous.
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Quarrying was renewed during the Second World War and was still continuing in 1950. Seend Ironstone Quarry and Road Cutting is now a Geological Site of Special Scientific Interest.
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In addition to coal, the company worked some ironstone. The company was disestablished on 31 December 1946 under nationalisation, transferring to the new National Coal Board the next day.
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Lingdale was built in the 1870s as a village for the ironstone mine workers and was located next to an ironstone mine. The mine was served by a railway which existed to carry iron-ore for the Lingdale mine until its closure in 1964. Few traces remain to be seen today. Although originally a village exclusively for mine workers, Lingdale slowly developed to be a village for all to come and make their home in.
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The Newcomen family, from nearby Kirkleatham, opened an ironstone mine in Dunsdale, in 1872. It exploited two pockets of ironstone left by glaciation. The two rows of cottages forming the village of Dunsdale were part of the mine property and form the major part of the village as it is today. Traces of the drift and buildings remain with parts of the railbed in the Dunsdale area leading to the top of the incline.
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The Louth to Bardney line was planned to run to Five Mile House, near Lincoln, and provide a through run between Lincoln and Grimsby, also connecting (as yet unproven) ironstone resources. The line was cut back for lack of money, and opened to Bardney in stages between 1874 and 1882. The hoped-for through trunk traffic did not appear, and the ironstone was available in small quantities only. The line remained a penniless local line.
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Ab Kettleby Manor is an early 17th-century house in the village of Ab Kettleby, Leicstershire. Built of ironstone with a central brick chimney, the house is cruciform in plan.
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This species is found in the south-west from Bunbury and Busselton to the Stirling Range growing in well-drained rocky loam or clay over ironstone in winter-wet sites.
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It is an "L"-shaped building built of brownstone and ironstone with Federal style details. Note: This includes It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
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The WMCR stations had no waiting rooms or shelters. The 1859 OS map shows a siding as this site and an ironstone pit nearbyLanark Sheet XIII.14 (Cambusnethan). Survey date: 1859.
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"Spanning Generations", Recordnet.com, August 30, 2012Rasmussen, Jeff. "It was an Elegant Evening at Ironstone on Friday Night for Tony Bennett and Jackie Evancho!!" The Pinetree, September 3, 2012; and Metzger, Joel.
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Walter Hall and D'Arcy ~1885 In 1882, a syndicate was created to open a gold mine at Ironstone Mountain, south of Rockhampton, Queensland. The syndicate comprised William Knox Darcy (later influential in establishing the Anglo Persian Oil Company), Walter Russell Hall (later influential in establishing the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research), Thomas Skarratt Hall, and Thomas, Frederick and Edwin Morgan. Ironstone Mountain was later renamed Mount Morgan after the Morgan members of the syndicate.
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North Skelton is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The village is actually east of Skelton-in-Cleveland and just south of the A174 road between Thornaby and Whitby. North Skelton experienced a boom in the 1870s when North Skelton ironstone mine was opened. The mine was the deepest of all of the Cleveland Ironstone workings and its shaft extended to over in depth.
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Dia de los Muertos is celebrated every November on Main Street. The Calaveras County Fair held in neighboring Angels Camp takes place in May and features the Jumping Frog Jubilee made famous in the 1865 short by Mark Twain, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County".Calaveras Wine Alliance The Ironstone Concours d'Elegance car show is held annually in Murphys at Ironstone Vineyards. Proceeds from the event benefit the 4-H Club and Future Farmers of America.
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Due to goods needing transport, Ironstone became an important stopover for various transportation carriers - the stagecoach and the train. A post office and store were quickly established on the mill property. In the 1850s this mill under management by Seth and Daniel Southwick, made denim fabric for Kentucky Blue Jeans. In the 1870s, David Southwick created Conestoga wagon wheels in his blacksmith shop in nearby south Uxbridge and Ironstone, which were used by pioneers traveling west.
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Westerdale village is a single street of around 25 houses, to the north east of a small stream which joins the Esk near Hunters Sty bridge. There is a church – Christ Church, and a small, disused Wesleyan chapel. Close to the church can be found the Village Hall (formerly a small schoolhouse), a postbox and a telephone box. Ironstone was formerly mined in the village and the church sits on a plateau where the ironstone is just over thick.
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In 1840 a group of local businessmen led by Jonathan Richardson set up the first of several iron companies in Consett (County Durham), the Derwent Iron Company, to quarry and smelt ironstone around the town. Page nos refer to online pages e.g. '2' means 'Early History'. The best local ironstone (with the highest iron content) was exhausted soon after, so the company arranged for extensions to the local railways, such as the Stockton and Darlington Railway.
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Wake owned a 1599 painting of Drue Drury. Site of a former ironstone quarry, Slipton, Northamptonshire Wake also played a key role in highlighting the damage caused to Northamptonshire by ironstone workings. He chaired a sub-committee on the issue for the county's branch of the Country Landowners Association and was a member of the Northamptonshire County Planning Committee. Wake opposed the findings of the Kennet Committee which recommended against any action to restore the workings.
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Most iron pits along the Faygate Syncline are on the Horsham Stone horizon, but the one in Rapeland Wood is anomalous in that it is on an outcrop of sandstone. A small stream has cut a deep valley through the wood and this may be responsible for exposing ironstone in a very localised area.Bernard Charles Worssam, "Iron ore workings near Horsham, Sussex, and the sedimentology of the Weald Clay ironstone", Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, vol.
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A house, cottages and orchards previously possessed by the Hiatt family were obtained in 1888 and ironstone production "seems to have begun in 1889".Tonks, p.73. A Manning Wardle 0-6-0 standard gauge Saddle Tank locomotive named Hook Norton was delivered new in November 1889, this was housed in a locomotive shed alongside the Banbury Road, just east of the station. Initially, ironstone was obtained from the field south-east of the station,Tonks, p.73.
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In the north of the county a large ironstone quarrying industry developed from 1850.GENUKI: Northamptonshire Genealogy: Bartholomew's Gazetteer of the British Isles, 1887 . Kellner.eclipse.co.uk, 11 August 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
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The Spirit River Formation consists, from bottom to top of fine to medium grained argillaceous sandstone, dark shale, ironstone, greywacke, shale, siltstone, coal and dark shale with thin sandstone and siltstone stringers.
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The architect was Anthony Salvin, who had been working locally at Harlaxton Manor, Stoke Rochford, Easton, Belton and Grantham. This ironstone building, in the Norman revival style, is Salvin’s only Leicestershire church.
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Ore continued to be quarried near Finedon until 1966, when the final pit and the tramway were closed. It was the last industrial narrow gauge railway operating in The Midlands ironstone industry.
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Kingham to Chipping Norton and Kingham to Bourton-on-the-Water closed completely in September 1964. Ironstone workings at Adderbury serviced from Kings Norton enabled the easternmost stub to continue until 1969.
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The reserve is composed of an old ironstone quarry and a grassland area. It is well known for the swathes of hart's-tongue fern that cover the damp bottom of the gullet.
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Westbury Ironstone Quarry () is a 5,600 square metre geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire, England, notified in 1965. It was once an important source of Upper Oxfordian Westbury Iron Ore.
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The puppet clown orchid occurs between Paynes Find and Southern Cross in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Murchison and Yalgoo biogeographic regions where it grows under shrubs on granite outcrops and on ironstone hills.
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Iron produced from the bed including the fossiliferous lime contained over 1% phosphorus, similar to that from the Cleveland ironstone, as well as a few percent of manganese. Ironstone extraction was almost entirely east of a roughly north–south boundary passing through Scunthorpe between the town and steelworks – this boundary was itself east of the Lower Lias escarpment (Trent Cliff). Iron ore extraction was reduced in the later half of the 20th century, to be substituted by foreign imported ores of better quality.
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Port Mulgrave is a derelict former ironstone exporting port on the North Yorkshire coast midway between Staithes and Runswick Bay in the civil parish of Hinderwell. Rows of domestic properties and individual houses exist on the top of the cliff. Historically the locality was known as Rosedale, but to avoid confusion with the ironstone mines and iron works at Rosedale in the middle of the North York Moors the area was renamed Port Mulgrave for the local landowner the Earl of Mulgrave.
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The park has a network of walks, a visitors centre and a children's play area in a grass and woodland setting. The museum was set-up within the park in 1987, inside a purpose built building to the west of the original ironstone railway maintenance yard. Access to the museum is along a footpath which follows the line of the ironstone railway trackbed. There are over 40 items of narrow gauge railway rolling stock including four steam locomotives and six diesel locomotives.
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After the Dissolution of the Monasteries Matthew Wentworth bought "all the myne, and delff of ironstone" around Bentley Grange, the Byland Abbey property. Though the ironstone was exhausted by the mid-1600s, smithies continued to operate fuelled by charcoal. The furnace at Bretton supplied pig iron to Colnebridge, Wortley Top Forge and Kirkstall in 1728. The furnace at Bretton was taken over by the Cockshutts of Wortley and pig iron was produced there in 1806 but the site had closed by 1820.
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He played one game, a 0–0 tie that went to 10 minutes of overtime. Ironstone asked for double the contract rate for the game, an offer which was accepted by the Leafs' owner Conn Smythe. However, Smythe informed Ironstone that would be the last game he would ever play in the NHL, which ultimately was the case. He returned to the Can-Pro league in 1928–29, and played for numerous teams until 1931, when he retired from hockey temporarily.
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Hibernation sites include Buckshraft Mine & Bradley Hill Railway Tunnel, Devil's Chapel Scowles, Westbury Brook Ironstone Mine and Wigpool Ironstone Mine. A ring of iron-ore bearing Carboniferous Limestone in the Forest of Dean provides the focus of ancient and recent mines. These provide excellent hibernation sites for bats and the Old Bow and Old Ham mines are made up of a far-reaching area of underground workings. These are on the west side of the Forest of Dean and are near Clearwell.
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The ironcaps spider orchid is found on the coastal plain between Wubin and Norseman in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions. It usually grows on the slopes of ironstone hills.
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The western boundary of the park is the Manyame Range, a line of ironstone hills in which the dam was built. The remainder of the park is rolling granite countryside, with numerous castle kopjies.
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Palaeothele is an extinct genus of mesothele spiders, with only one known species Palaeothele montceauensis. Two fossils were found at Montceau-les- Mines, France, in ironstone concretion deposits of Late Carboniferous (Stephanian) age, about .
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As the closer ironstone pits became worked out. the tramways expanded to reach new sources of ore. In 1890 a much larger Manning Wardle locomotive was acquired second-hand to work these longer lines.
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Miles Mason (1752-1822) was a chinaman in Fenchurch Street who sold imported porcelain from China. When these imports ceased, he developed a successful replacement – ironstone china – which was then exported to other countries.
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Eremophila coacta occurs in the area between Ashburton Downs, Mount Vernon and Paraburdoo in the Gascoyne and Pilbara biogeographic regions where it grows in laterite and shale soils on ironstone hills and along creek lines.
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Tonks, p.89. Trains of calcined ore ran from Hook Norton to Brymbo on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays every week.Ingham, p.20. Ore was also supplied by the independent Hook Norton ironstone quarries of H.W.Baker.
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Calothamnus quadrifidus subsp. angustifolius is found inland from Busselton in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains, Mallee and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions. It grows in clay near ironstone in shrubland that is wet in winter.
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The management is also rehabilitating areas disturbed by invasive species with a focus on sedgeland – Health Complex, heath woodland, ironstone woodland and ironstone heath. Maintenance of rare, threatened and endangered flora and fauna is a priority along with maintaining diversity and regenerating areas, which have been disturbed. Weeds that are a threat to the native vegetation communities are controlled within the park as well as controlling weeds on neighbouring lands. These include whisky grass (Andropogon virginicus), African love grass (Eragrostis curvula) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana).
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The Cleveland Ironstone Mining Museum (formerly the Tom Leonard Mining Museum) describes the village's mining heritage, providing a unique underground experience and an insight into how 6.2 million tons of ironstone was extracted from Skinningrove. The village has a large natural sand beach used for recreational fishing and a beck, which occasionally floods, notably in 2000. It also has the Riverside Building Community Centre which is on the site of a former school. There is a Methodist chapel which has services on a Sunday at 18:00.
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Walter Neilson was a farmer who owned land on the south west edge of Finedon, Northants, England. The land around Finedon has many rich, shallow ironstone deposits, and commercial extraction of iron ore began in the 1860s and was a booming industry by the 1870s. In 1879, Neilson began quarrying for ironstone on his land. By 1881, he was producing enough ore to justify laying a narrow gauge tramway from his land down to sidings on the Midland Railway about a mile north of Wellingborough railway station.
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The Ironstone Mountain is a mountain located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. Part of Great Western Tiers escarpment, the mountain is situated south of the small country village of Mole Creek. With an elevation of above sea level, the mountain is the highest peak of the Great Western Tiers and has a nearby companion lake, Lake Ironstone. The highest point is marked with a trig point, but more dominant is the slightly lower part of the mountain depicted here in the information box.
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These allowed it to access new sources of ironstone, including, from 1851 onwards, ore from the Cleveland Ironstone Formation near Eston, Cleveland. By 1857, Consett Iron Company owed the failed Northumberland and Durham District Bank almost a million pounds. It was put up for sale, but an attempted sale to the newly formed Derwent and Consett Iron Company fell through. On 4 April 1864, after operating for several years under the threat of bankruptcy, a new Consett Iron Company Ltd was formed with capital of £400,000.
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Some of the peaks in the north are over high. The streams are only mountain torrents to within a few miles of the coast; the mouth of the Khwa forms a good anchorage for small boats. The rocks in the Arakan Range and its spurs are metamorphic, and include clay, slates, ironstone and indurated sandstone; towards the south, ironstone, trap and rocks of basaltic character are common; veins of steatite and white fibrous quartz are also found. Between 1961 and 1990, the mean annual rainfall was .
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It connected with the Forth and Clyde Canal at Kirkintilloch, giving onward access not only to Glasgow, but to Edinburgh as well. The development of good ironstone deposits in the Coatbridge area made the railway successful, and the ironstone pits depended at first on the railway. Horse traction was used at first, but steam locomotive operation was later introduced: the first successful such use in Scotland. Passengers were later carried, and briefly the M&KR; formed a section of the principal passenger route between Edinburgh and Glasgow.
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The Weald Clay Formation occurs throughout the Weald in the north and east of the county. It consists of interbedded sandstone, mudstone and siltstone and some ironstone units dating from Hauterivian to Barremian times (146-125mya).
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Hakea obtusa is confined to Ravensthorpe and the Fitzgerald River National Park. Grows in shrubland and low woodland on loamy-clay, gravel and ironstone. A frost tolerant species that requires good drainage and a sunny aspect.
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Bolckow, Vaughan In 1857, Marley published a paper in the Transactions of the Institution of Mining Engineers on the Cleveland Ironstone, which begins: "To the members of this Institute, this ironstone cannot but be an interesting subject, whether they be mining engineers, coal owners, iron masters, or simply a part of the public personally disinterested, as I believe that nothing has been discovered, within the last twenty years, having so direct an influence on the landed, railway, and mineral wealth, in the North of England, on the South Durham coal field, and on the iron trade generally, as the discovery and application of this large ironstone district."Marley, 1857. Marley continued: "I suppose it may now be taken as an admitted fact, that the prosperity or depression of the iron and coal trades regulates, in a very material degree, the prosperity or depression of nearly all other commercial pursuits in the same locality." Marley was correct. In 1864, just 14 years after the discovery of the rich source of ironstone, Bolckow, Vaughan and Company Ltd was registered with capital of £2,500,000, making it the largest company ever formed up to that time.
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Eckington covers an area of 2,089 acres. The geology is the coal measures containing coal and ironstone. The Chesterfield Canal and Midland Railway passed through the parish. The Moss Brook is a tributary of the River Rother.
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Eremophila granitica is widespread and common between Kalgoorlie and Murchison in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Gascoyne, Gibson Desert, Murchison and Yalgoo biogeographic regions. It grows in sand, or clay on granite rocks, ironstone hills and flat areas.
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The tributary Ironstone Creek joins the Manatawny at Pine Forge. Manatawny Creek is formed by the confluence of Bieber Creek and Pine Creek just below Lobachsville. Manatawny Creek joins the Schuylkill River at Pottstown in Montgomery County.
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Publication date: 1864). In 1897 the site is marked as Davisdyke Siding with a road entrance, a signal light and three signal posts. The ironstone pit had closed by 1897.Lanarkshire 013.14 (includes: Cambusnethan) Publication date: 1898.
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Oldfield's mallee is found on sand plains and ridges and on rocky slopes and is widespread north and north-east of Perth to near Shark Bay and Warburton, where it grows in rocky loamy soils over ironstone.
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Ironstone working and production (NEIMME Transactions, v.24, 1875) Roland Winn is credited with (re-)discovering the iron ore in the area, and having it analysed and promoting its use. He suspected that the geology on his estate resembled the Cleveland ironstone which had been discovered and exploited in northern Yorkshire (see Middlesbrough). Initially ore was extracted and exported from leases on his estate, and transported by horse power to the River Trent and onwards by canal. Iron ore began to be commercially exploited in the area from 1859.
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Upleatham is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The village was mentioned in the Domesday Book and the name derives from Old English and Old Norse as Upper Slope, in that it was further up the hill than Kirkleatham. An ironstone seam that was thick was worked beneath the village which meant that some dwellings were lost to subsidence. The mine operated between the 1850s and 1924 with reserves of ironstone being estimated at a little over .
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They opened a mine and the S&DR; started hauling ironstone to their blast furnaces west of Bishop Auckland. By 1851 Derwent Iron had opened a mine in the area and began moving ironstone to Consett. The iron ore from Cleveland is high in phosphorus and needs to be mixed with purer ores, such as those on the west coast in Cumberland and Lancashire. In the early 1850s this ore was travelling the long way round via Newcastle and Carlisle from the Barrow-in-Furness area, and Durham coke was returning.
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This is of European importance. Other sites in the group in Gloucestershire (all of which are SSSIs) include the breeding sites of Blaisdon Hall, Dean Hall Coach House & Cellar and Sylvan House Barn. Hibernation sites include Buckshraft Mine & Bradley Hill Railway Tunnel, Devil's Chapel Scowles, Old Bow And Old Ham Mines, Westbury Brook Ironstone Mine, and Wigpool Ironstone Mine. The deciduous woodlands and sheltered valleys of the Forest of Dean and the Wye Valley provide a good feeding area, and the underground systems provide roosting and breeding sites.
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Its cart shed, a dilapidated ironstone structure retaining several stone-mullioned windows, was once a large house carrying the inscription 'H.N. 1651 T.W.' on a stone now built into the wall of the field behind. This was probably the chief messuage of the manor belonging to Henry Nevill and occupied by his tenants, the Watson family. The older houses in the village are of ironstone and include a thatched cottage south of Drayton House in which part of a cruck blade has been re-used as a principal rafter.
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In the mid 19th century a valuable stratum of ironstone was discovered and exploited, leaving substantial mining remnants from two pits, their mineral railways and waste tips, that were close by. Several other ironstone pits were in the vicinity as shown by the OS maps of the time.OS Map Retrieved : 2011-03-27 Extensive tree planting has helped to hide the scars of this industrial activity of the past.Google Maps Retrieved : 2011-03-27 The lodge house, Pitcon Cottage, is marked on mid 18th century OS maps but no longer exists.
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In 1842, the shortage of pig iron persuaded Bell to install its own blast furnace for smelting mill cinder; this was a key decision, enabling the firm to expand. Only two years later, in 1844, the firm installed a second furnace at Walker for Cleveland Ironstone from Grosmont, six years before the boom in Cleveland iron when Vaughan and Marley discovered ironstone in the Eston Hills in 1850. From 1849, Losh, Wilson and Bell were subcontractors on the Newcastle-Gateshead High Level Bridge, responsible for constructing the bridge approaches.Tyne Bridges at Gateshead.
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The formation lies conformably on the prolifically- fossiliferous shallow marine sandstone, siltstone and mudrock of the Staithes Formation. There are six named ironstone seams which are, in order of deposition, the Osmotherley, Avicula,The bivalve Avicula has since been reclassified as the genus Oxytoma. Raisdale, Two-foot, Pecten and Main Seams. At its type locality, on the coast around Staithes, North Yorkshire, the formation attains a thickness of 25.3 metres and comprises five 'coarsening- upward' cycles of marine shale and siltstone each capped by a seam of ironstone of varying thickness, composition and iron-content.
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The most widely accepted explanation emerged in the 1920s following analysis by Hallimond (1925). This suggests that the concentration of dissolved iron within the surrounding sea-water remained approximately the same during deposition of both shale and ironstone. The physical differences between the two arises as the result of variations in sediment influx. Rapid rates of sediment input caused deposition of the shales, whereas a diminished rate of input enabled the same amount of iron to be concentrated within a lower sediment load thereby producing the ironstone seams.
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Initially there was a low platform on the up side, but a new higher platform to match those of the other stations was added at some time later on the down side. An important cargo was coal all from the many mines and opencast workings. An amount of ironstone was also worked but was of low quality. This meant that the local Denby Iron and Coal Company with their four furnaces 45 feet high - later increased to 60 feet - had to import their ironstone from outside the area.
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The Tremadoc tramway (sometimes known as the Llidiartyspytty Railway) was built by William Madocks sometime before 1842, and possibly as early as the 1830s. It connected the ironstone mine at Llidiart Yspytty to Porthmadog harbour. Little is known about the operation of the railway, though it is believed to have been horse worked with similar track and rolling stock to the nearby Nantlle Railway. The ironstone mine was not successful, so the tramway was extended to serve a nearby slate quarry, which was owned by the Bangor & Portmadoc Slate & Slab Co. Ltd.
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The type species of Spathicephalus, S. mirus, was named by paleontologist D. M. S. Watson in 1929. Watson described seven fossil specimens from an outcrop of the Rumbles Ironstone in the town of Loanhead in Midlothian, Scotland. The ironstone dates to the late Namurian stage (earliest Upper Carboniferous) and is part of the Limestone Coal Group. These specimens were discovered in the 1880s and include a mostly complete skull with the palate exposed, an impression of the underside of a skull roof, a right portion of the back of a skull, and various jaw fragments.
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This property was built in a Gothic Revival style in 1847 as a school with an attached teacher’s house. The walls are of red and blue brick with ironstone dressings. The octagonal bell turret has a small spire.
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Lingdale is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The village was created with the advent of ironstone mining in the area, in the early 19th century.
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Hakea tuberculata grows from the south coast at Augusta- Margaret River and Albany. Found growing in low lying areas along creek and drainage lines in sand, loam and lateritic gravel. Mostly found in wet winter locations near ironstone.
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Henry Nixon (1874 – 15 March 1939) was a British steelworker, trade unionist and politician. He was General President of the National Union of Blastfurnacemen, Cokeworkers, Ironstone Miners, and Kindred Trades and served briefly in Parliament representing the Labour Party.
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The Hulcross Formation consists of dark grey to black shales and mudstones that were deposited in marine environments. The sediments coarsen upward and thin beds of siltstone and platy sandstone are present in the uppermost part. Sideritic ironstone concretions are common.
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In the valleys above the area, located in the Brecon Beacons, many natural resources could be found such as limestone, ironstone, sandstone. These locally sourced materials were used to construct the cottages, which were then leased to Crawshay family workers.
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The world's largest crystalline gold leaf is displayed just south of town at Ironstone Vineyards. The town also hosts an annual Irish Days parade and street fair every March on Main Street, with some years seeing over 35,000 people in attendance.
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The area around Kidwelly is rich in coal reserves and contains ironstone. It was to exploit these reserves that the canal and tramway system was built. Much of the coal was good quality anthracite, although other grades were also mined.
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Like much of the North Pennines, the Durham Dales form an anticline, with carboniferous limestone exposed at the surface. The Durham Dales, like much of the Pennines, have long been exploited for their rich mineralogical resources, notably lead and ironstone.
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London: Allen Lane, p. 399. and mantelpieces assembled from several large sections.Such a mantelpiece may be seen at Caramoor Center for Music and the Arts, near Katonah, New York. Antique ironstone wares are collectable, and in particular items made by Mason's.
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Bahr el Ghazal borders the Central African Republic to the west. It is an area of swamps and ironstone plateaus inhabited mainly by the Dinka people, who make their living through subsistence farming and cattle herding plus Luwo and Fartit tribes.
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The area around Edge Hill has been quarried extensively for Jurassic ironstone since the 11th century. Later iron ore was quarried and transported on the Edge Hill Light Railway to the Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway near Burton Dassett.
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St Mary's is constructed in ironstone rubble with ashlar dressings. Its roofs are tiled. The plan consists of a chancel and a nave in a single unit, and a west tower. Together they are only 14.8 x 5.8m with no division.
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Brymbo had little hope of obtaining skilled workers locally, stating: > labour will have to be imported, as there has been no unemployment here for > a long time past. (Banbury Guardian, quoted in "The Ironstone Quarries of > the Midlands")Tonks, p.88.
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In 1917 the Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway opened between an iron ore quarry north of Wroxton and a junction on the GWR just north of Banbury. It was heavily used during the Second World War but closed in 1967. Heavy clay and Ironstone deposits surround Banbury. The growth of Banbury's population had nearly stopped by the 1920s, and people left the town as its market and its economic importance in the district declined: it is recorded that only 9,700 animals were sold there in the whole of 1924, compared with 6,300 at the town's Michaelmas Fair alone in 1832.
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Scunthorpe steelworks (2006) The Iron and Steel Industry in Scunthorpe was established in the mid 19th century, following the discovery and exploitation of middle Lias ironstone east of Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. Initially iron ore was exported to iron producers in South Yorkshire. Later, after the construction of the Trent, Ancholme and Grimsby Railway (1860s) gave rail access to the area local iron production rapidly expanded using local ironstone and imported coal or coke. The local ore was relatively poor in iron (around 25% average) and high in lime (CaCO3) requiring co-smelting with more acidic silicious iron ores.
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After Foley had used it for nine months he heard that Lord Dudley was claiming it and "durst not bring any stock" there, but continued to pay the rent. Dudd and Foley had an oral agreement for the supply of ironstone, but Lord Dudley discharged the workmen from the mines, and stopped Foley's horses carrying the ironstone until Foley paid for it (again) to Lord Dudley. Ultimately, his father 'entered' the furnace in 1631, and cut the dam. The bellows were probably cut without Lord Dudley's approval, but his re-entry to forfeit the lease was lawful and thus not a riot.
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St Mary and St Peter's is of ironstone and limestone-ashlar construction. It comprises a chancel, north and south chancel side-chapels, nave, north and south aisles, west tower and a south porch, and is of Perpendicular style with elements of Early English and Tudor. The church four-stage tower is of Gothic Decorated style below, and Perpendicular above. The lower early 14th-century three stages are of coursed ironstone with limestone ashlar cornerstone dressings; the top late 14th-century stage is entirely ashlar, as are the battlements, pinnacled at each corner, and the crocketed recessed octagonal spire.
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Kilton Ironstone Mine was opened in 1875 just to the south of the village of Kilton Thorpe. The shafts of the mine were deep, and like the other mines in the area, it supplied ironstone to the furnaces on Teesside. A private railway was opened in 1873, becoming the property of the North Eastern Railway a year later. On 12 August 1899, three miners were killed by an explosion of gas, and on 3 May 1954, an explosion in the mine killed one worker, with 15 rescuers being hospitalised after the event due to the effects of inhaling gas.
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The landowner of the time, the Earl of Zetland, allowed the mining company to extract the ironstone from underneath the village provided that the area around the church was left undisturbed. This is why the conservation area in the village is just a small selection of buildings clustered around the church. The arrival of the ironstone mine increased the population of the village from 204 in 1841 to 1,007 in 1861. It has a small grade II listed church, believed by some to be the smallest in England, although Bremilham Church in Wiltshire is actually slightly smaller.
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Loftus is recorded as "Lcotvsv" in the Domesday book, from Laghthus meaning low houses. The Loftus area has been inhabited since at least the 7th century, and although folkloric evidence includes a house owned by Sigurd the Dane, who features in Macbeth as Siward, real evidence has been unearthed in recent times to support the picture of ancient settlement in the area. The Methodist preacher John Wesley is known to have preached in Loftus. More recent history is dominated by the ironstone mining industry and many inhabitants that live in Loftus can trace lineage back to ironstone miners.
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Conservation Through Reserves Committee. (1974) Descriptions of conservation reserves in Western Australia Conservation reserves in Western Australia : report, p1-1 - 1-29 It has also been surveyed more recently in 2008, showing that further interest in the range's floristic uniqueness deserved more study.Keighery, B. J., Keighery, G. J., Webb, A., and Longman, V. M.(2008) A floristic survey of the Whicher ScarpPerth : Department of Environment & Conservation, Unpublished report. The most critically endangered species that inhabits the Whicher range is Petrophile latericola also known as Laterite petrophile, Ironstone Petrophile or the Ironstone Pixie Mop which has a range of approximately within the range.
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Previously the site was used for ironstone extraction for buildings in the village. The park contains a ford and the remains of the old ironstone railway. Cogenhoe or Short Lane Pocket Park is a beautiful woodland with a stream and pond and is managed for the enjoyment of the public and the protection of wildlife. The park is divided into two areas: A byway leading to farm buildings and fields, this passes through the ford and the banks are sometimes grazed by cows and a broad gully dominated by ash trees and to the southern end aspen and poplars.
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Economically, the Cleveland Ironstone proved to be a crucial catalyst with the power to reinvigorate the flagging commercial fortunes of the River Tees and surrounding district. The occurrence of ironstone in Cleveland has been known about for many centuries with evidence of small scale working predating the occupation of Roman Britain. Despite much early attention, the true extent of the Cleveland ore-field remained a mystery until the late-1840s, when ironmaster John Vaughan (1799–1868) and mining engineer John Marley (1823–1891), both of the Bolckow Vaughan company, traced seams of ironstone along the coast between Staithes and their northerly outcrop on the escarpment of the Eston Hills overlooking the River Tees. Vaughan and Marley's evidence of a large scale body of workable iron ore in close proximity to both coal and limestone from County Durham, together with the district's developing communications network by rail and sea, proved a heady concoction.
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From 1803 most of the mineral rights of Sir Francis's estates were leased or sold piecemeal to the Bowling Iron Works. In 1794 Sir Francis leased 93 acres of ironstone in Hall Lane to them.Firth. Bradford in the Industrial Revolution. Page 124.
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In the upper half of the formation, oxidized, calcareous ironstone buildups remain abundant. On Melville Island and Grinnell Peninsula, the depth of the fiord is usually its lowest, averaging around 60 meters. The thickest parts of the fiord occur on Ellesmere Island.
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The Middleback Range extends from Iron Knob at the northern end near the Eyre Highway to the Lincoln Highway, halfway between Whyalla and Cowell at its southern extent. The Ironstone Hill Conservation Park is immediately west of the southern part of the ranges.
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Wandoo mallee is found among decomposing rocky breakaway areas, growing in sandy-loamy soils over granite or ironstone. It occurs in the central and southern goldfields, especially between Coolgardie, Norseman, Peak Charles and Hatters Hill, where it is sometimes the dominant species.
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11) Much of the Head has been lost over the years due to the effects of sea, weather, and the removal of many "doggers" (ironstone boulders),Hengistbury Head Coastal Protection and Erosion causing the loss of several bloomery hearths and a Mesolithic campsite.
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Apart from coal there were several other minerals found in the area where transportation by rail was the preferred option. These included ironstone, limestone and sandstone. When passenger trains were introduced they were widely used by people travelling to and from work.
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The Clearwater Formation consists of primarily of black and green shale, with some interbedded grey and green sandstone and siltstone, and ironstone concretions. To the southeast of Cold Lake it includes massive hydrocarbon-bearing, glauconitic salt-and-pepper sandstones with interbedded shales.
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Examples of the German-built apartment buildings in Daşkəsən. The region Daşkəsən is very rich in natural resources. In the period of the Soviet Union the so-called strategic products of the region, i.e., ironstone, aluminum, cobalt, marble and others were actively exploited.
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The Waltham on the Wolds branch closed in 1964; and the line to Stathern Ironstone SIdings, a short distance south of Stathern station, closed in 1967. The GNR owned section from Bottesford (west- to-north curve) to Newark remained open until 1988.
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Bossons' career began as a painter or ceramic painter at Mason's Ironstone, a subsidiary of Wedgwood, in Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent. This was as part of a £40 per week government training scheme and involved painting the company’s designs onto their pottery.
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The mine is part of Cliff's Koolyanobbing Iron Ore Project which includes mines at Mount Jackson, Koolyanobbing and Windarling ( further north). It was established for ironstone mining from about 2003 by Portman Limited. Portman was acquired by Cliffs Natural Resources Limited in January 2009.
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All Hallows is constructed in ironstone and limestone with a slate roof. Some former openings have been blocked by brick. Its plan consists of the chancel, with a west porch which was added in the 1889. At the east end is a single bellcote.
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It is found on rocky rises and sand plains in inland areas of the Pilbara, Mid West and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in thin sandy soils over sandstone or ironstone with a range that extends to north western South Australia.
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Ironstone also hosts a summertime concert series every year. Past seasons have featured acts such as Coldplay, Sheryl Crow, Willie Nelson, The Doobie Brothers, Earth, Wind & Fire, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Bryan Adams, B. B. King, Huey Lewis and the News, Steely Dan, and ZZ Top.
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Originally proposed as a secondary mainline, it mainly carried freight, including: Weardale limestone; West County Durham coal; and Cleveland ironstone to support the growing industrialisation on Teesside. Its secondary transport was the shipment of agricultural supplies in and produce/livestock out from the valleys farms.
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East of the village beside the A8 road is a spoil tip from a disused ironstone mine. This hillock is now covered with trees. The mine, known as the Blythswood mine was abandoned by 1875. A palace was situated within the village about 1506.
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There are records of millstone and blackband ironstone being quarried in Chell from at least the 13th century onwards. In 1831–32 Chell provided the stone for Christ Church, Tunstall.Staffordshire Places – Chell . Places.staffspasttrack.org.uk. The main coal producing seam beneath Chell was the Winghay seam.
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This was in use between 1883 and 1974 and served quarries in the vicinity of Cottesmore and Exton.British Railways Atlas.1947. p.16 Part of the former mineral branch line is now Rutland Railway Museum (trading as Rocks by Rail: The Living Ironstone Museum).
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All Saints is a limestone ashlar and ironstone church with a Westmorland and Welsh slate roof. Its tower is of Decorated style with an octagonal spire containing two tiers of lucarnes. The tower contains six bells.Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire pp.
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In 1907 another venture, the Somerset Mineral Syndicate, leased the railway and resumed mining. Several of the structures associated with the mines can still be seen. These include the Ironstone mine ventilation flue in Chargot Wood, and the remains of the Carnarvon New Pit.
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The chancel with its side chapels--all c1325-1350 except north chapel early 15th century--are string-coursed: chancel east wall entirely ashlar; south chapel walls ironstone with east wall ashlar above; and north chapel ashlar with ironstone at its east half below a window cill band that continues onto the east wall of chapel and chancel. The chapel parapets are deep crenelated repeats of the tower battlements. At the east wall the parapets follow the angled roof line of both chapels and meet a plain coped gable at the east chancel wall. Four pinnacles define the corners of the chapels and the edge of the chancel gable.
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Finedon Gullet is a linear cliff feature that forms a south facing outcrop resulting from excavation of the ironstone and overlying rocks east of Finedon Top Lodge. Since active quarrying stopped its base has acquired a build up of material obscuring the lower beds, and a substantial linear pond lies along the length of the outcrop. The quarry was one of many around Finedon, where extensive ironstone quarrying began in the 1860s and continued for 100 years. By the mid-1960 Finedon Top Lodge Quarry was being worked by Stewarts & Lloyds Ltd (to whom it was known as Wellingborough No. 5 pit), providing ore for their steel works at Corby.
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Following the failure of Messrs G. & C. Hoskins in 1915 to persuade the New South Wales Government to construct a branch railway from the sidings at Spring Hill to the mines at Cadia where they had agreed to remove the ironstone overlay for processing in the ironworks at Lithgow, the company decided to construct a private railway lineThe Cadia Ironstone Railway, Spring Hill Eardley, Gifford Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, January, 1971 pp1-9; February, 1974 pp40-43 from the Iron Duke Copper Mine at Cadia to the Great Western Railway at Spring Hill. The line remained until 1945, having enjoyed a renaissance during the Second World War.
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The hot blast process consumed large quantities of local coal; the processes previously in use had required coke, for the production of which the local coals were unsuitable. This encouraged further coal production, as well as ironstone extraction. The smelting process also required limestone, conveyed at first by horse and cart from the Cumbernauld area; and fireclay, available in the Gartsherrie and Garnkirk areas, for manufacturing refractory bricks for lining the kilns and withstanding high temperatures. The M&KR; found itself straddling the centre of the iron smelting industry, but aligned and engineered for carrying coal to Kirkintilloch, and not connected to the developing ironstone and coal pits.
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Around the north of Farndale, between Bloworth Crossing and Blakey is the track bed of the old Rosedale Ironstone Railway (Rosedale Branch) which forms part of three Long Distance Footpaths these being Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk, The Lyke Wake Walk and the Esk Valley Walk.
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Hawthorn Leslie "Singapore" hauling a train of mineral wagons Rutland Railway Museum, now trading as Rocks by Rail: The Living Ironstone Museum, is a heritage railway on part of a former Midland Railway mineral branch line. It is situated north east of Oakham, in Rutland, England.
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For example, the OED records its use in 19th-century poetic diction to describe flowers, "a variety of clay ironstone of the coal measures", "the colour of raw silk", a breed of ray, lager beer, and pale wood."blonde, blond, a. and n." The Oxford English Dictionary.
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Tooborac Post Office opened on 1 January 1872. Tooborac has recently undergone a resurgence with the renovation of the Tooborac Hotel and the construction of a craft brewery. The 150-year-old two storey bluestone and ironstone hotel is a meeting place for locals and travellers alike.
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South Uxbridge receives municipal services from Uxbridge, for fire, police, EMS, School district, public works, and other services. There is a South Uxbridge fire station of the Uxbridge fire department. Worcester's Judicial District includes Uxbridge District Court. Ironstone appears on the Blackstone U.S. Geological Survey Map.
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Maney Publishing 1994 Tableware used in railway dining cars, passenger ships and airlines are also included in this category. Collectable hotelware was usually made of stoneware or ironstone china during the early to mid-20th century. Examples from the 19th century are also collectable, but rarer.
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29 It is faced with ironstone and sandstone, though most of the original facing stones have been robbed out over the centuries; the structure visible now consists mostly of the rubble and sandstone core, bound together with mortar. Bonding courses of tiles run horizontally through the wall.
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After leaving ice hockey, Ironstone returned to the family business, a men's wear store started by his father Hyman. He was an avid curler and an original member of the Sudbury Granite Club. He died on December 12, 1972, in Sudbury at the age of 74.
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In March, Ironstone celebrates its Obsession Weekend in which its new Obsession Symphony wine is released in conjunction with a juried art show and other events. Later in March, as Murphys celebrates its Irish Days, Ironstone hosts a multi-county judged daffodil show. Ironstone puts on annual concerts and in the past have featured acts such as the Russian National Orchestra, Dave Koz, Robert Cray, Michael McDonald, The Doobie Brothers, Los Lonely Boys Earth, Wind & Fire, Kelly Clarkson, Jeff Beck, Gretchen Wilson, John Michael Montgomery, Lynyrd Skynyrd, UB40, Vince Gill, Amy Grant, Peter Frampton, B. B. King, Huey Lewis and the News, Steely Dan, ZZ Top, Chris Isaak, Bonnie Raitt, The Moody Blues, Don Henley, Willie Nelson, Alan Jackson, Crosby, Stills & Nash, Faith Hill, Chicago, The Fray, Lady Antebellum, Sugarland, Sheryl Crow, REO Speedwagon Al Green and others. A typical season included the Annual Fireworks show with Shane Dwight, Whiskey Dawn and Chains Required, Reba McEntire, Kelly Clarkson & The Fray, John Fogerty, Heart & Foreigner, Jackie Evancho & Tony Bennett, and Jeff Foxworthy (all in 2012).
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The Lower Greensand is a predominantly arenaceous sandstone consisting of sediment that accumulated apparently in a shallow sea in the later part of the Lower Cretaceous.Friend (2008), p.171. It also contains important subsidiary elements of silty and argillaceous material. Chert, ironstone and calcareous deposits occur in small amounts.
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The church is constructed in ironstone and sandstone rubble. The dressings are in Bargate stone and clunch. Part of the north wall is rendered, and the north porch is timber-framed. The nave is roofed with Horsham slabs, the aisle and porch with tiles, and the transept with slates.
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The quarry owner, Henry William Baker, came from Worcester and married Mary Ann Minchin the daughter of William Minchin of East End Farm. Henry Baker lived in East End Farmhouse and is described in directories and census returns as a farmer, therefore his ironstone quarries were presumably a sideline.
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The ironstone parish church built. The founder probably Gerald de Lisle during the reign of Edward III. 1360 Alexander, son of Robert the Chaplain of Kislingbury, took sanctuary in the church and confessed that he had killed Alexander Osebern of Harpole. 1377 First Poll Tax imposed, and again 1381.
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250px Church of St George is a Grade I listed church in Toddington, Bedfordshire, England. It became a listed building on 3 February 1967. The church is grand and cruciform; it dates from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. The building materials are mainly Totternhoe stone and ironstone.
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Evadne (called Bobby) Lloyd in 1932 shortly before her marriage. Samuel Janson Lloyd (1870-1943) was the Managing Director of the Ironstone company Stewarts and Lloyds which was founded by his father.Lloyd Samson et al “A Clear Premonition” , p. 7. Online reference In 1896 he married Margaret Ellen Phillips.
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Philotheca nodiflora subsp. calycina grows in gravelly soil near Wooroloo and Wagin. Subspecies lasiocalyx grows in heath on sandy loam between Busselton, Collie and the western end of the Cape Arid National Park. Subspecies lateriticola grows on laterite and ironstone on the Darling Range between York and Bannister.
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John Vaughan, 1799–1868 shared the discovery of the ironstone seam. The discovery was no serendipitous accident. Marley was asked by his employer, John Vaughan,Institution of Civil Engineers. Obituary. John Vaughan, 1799–1868.. Minutes of the Proceedings, Session 1868–1869, Volume 28, January 1869, Pages 622–627.
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The second color was Antique Gold, a brownish-yellow which nearly matched the popular Harvest Gold of the era. The line's name was changed to "Fiesta Ironstone". The shape redesigns and color changes did not restore Fiesta's popularity, and in January 1973 the company discontinued the Fiesta line.
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North and west of London - including Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire - it is referred to as the Woburn Sands Formation. In Oxfordshire it is known as the Faringdon Sand. In North Wiltshire as the Calne Sands Formation and in parts of Wiltshire, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire as the Seend Ironstone Formation.
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It was again partly rebuilt in 1926 by H. G. Gamble. The earlier parts of the church are ironstone, the doorway Norman style, and the stoup 13th century.Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 275; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram (1989), Yale University Press.
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The drovers brought back gorse seed, which they sowed to provide food for their sheep. The area played a significant role during the Industrial Revolution as various raw materials including limestone, silica sand and ironstone were quarried for transport southwards to the furnaces of the industrialising South Wales Valleys.
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St Mary's is constructed mainly in ironstone rubble with some clunch, and has ashlar dressings. The roofs are tiled. Its plan consists of a nave with a south porch, a chancel, and a northwest bell turret. The east window in the chancel has five lights and contains panel tracery.
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Historically, the hamlet has had an alum works, a jet mining industry and ironstone workings. The hamlet used to have a railway station on the Whitby, Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway, that was open between 1883 and 1958. Kettleness is recorded within the parish of Lythe for census purposes.
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The steam locomotive Charwelton pulled ironstone trains from a quarry south of Hellidon to Charwelton station from 1917 until 1942 In 1917 the Park Gate Iron and Steel Company, based at Parkgate near Rotherham, South Yorkshire, opened an ironstone quarry south of the nearby village of Hellidon, and had a standard gauge mineral railway built to bring the stone to the main line. Quarrying ceased in June 1933 but the Ministry of Supply ordered its resumption in May 1941. It ceased again in October 1945, but was resumed yet again in May 1951. At its peak Charwelton goods yard was busy with up to 200 wagons stabled in its sidings at any one time.
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The whole area was formed from sandstone, which belongs to the Narabeen group of Triassic sandstones. Much of the stones character comes from its richness in iron oxide which gives it its rich, dark red or purple coloured narrow bands and layers which, over eons have been warped by geological movement. The iron oxide makes the layers containing it much harder than the surrounding stone so that with erosion of the softer stone the so- called ironstone is exposed on cliff faces in quite incredible forms ranging from flat stones through curves to tubes. The soils formed from this parent material are very sandy, lacking in nutrients and full of the harder ironstone fragments.
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In 1925–26, Ironstone played for the new New York Americans expansion team of the NHL, but was mostly the backup. He played in one game and allowed 3 goals in 40 minutes, but did not get the decision, becoming the second Jewish player to play in the NHL, after Sam Rothschild; it was his only game of the season.Ironstone, Joe "Kelly" : Jews In Sports @ Virtual Museum I He joined the Niagara Falls Cataracts Canadian Professional Hockey League (Can-Pro) minor league team for the 1926–27 season. The following season, Ironstone was traded to the Toronto Ravinas, where he was called up to play for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL.
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Coal- mining in the area is believed to have been undertaken by the Romans, as the coalfield lay on Watling Street. Mining activity was first documented in the 13th and 14th centuries, when the monks at Buildwas Abbey were granted the right to coal and ironstone by Phillip de bethall. Although the coalfield only covers an area of , it has been noted as being historically significant on account of its location with the ironstone seams, that allowed Abraham Darby I, in 1708 to make iron more efficiently using coke, rather than charcoal, thereby starting the Industrial Revolution. The River Severn also allowed for delivery of goods made in his works in Coalbrookdale.
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Losh, Wilson and Bell, later Bells, Goodman, then Bells, Lightfoot and finally Bell Brothers, was a leading Northeast England manufacturing company, founded in 1809 by the partners William Losh, Thomas Wilson, and Thomas Bell. The firm was founded at Newcastle-upon-Tyne with an ironworks and an alkali works nearby at Walker. The alkali works was the first in England to make Soda using the Leblanc process; the ironworks was the first to use Cleveland Ironstone, presaging the 1850s boom in ironmaking on Teesside. The so-called discoverer of Cleveland Ironstone, the mining engineer John Vaughan, ran a rolling mill for the company before leaving to found the major rival firm Bolckow Vaughan.
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The related ironstone beds contain low grade oolitic siderite and chamosite ores which were worked commercially in the early 20th century. Remaining reserves are estimated at 10 million tonnes. The seas to the east and west are very deep, large troughs having been created by the Skye icecap in the Pleistocene.
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The geology of the area comprises the Coal Measures of the South Yorkshire Coalfield, sandstone, Millstone Grit and in medieval times, ironstone was got from the Tankersley seam that outcrops in Overton and Emroyd Common in Middlestown. Opencast mining took place in 1975 removing all evidence of the former mining industry.
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The relatively peaceful scene of small farmsteads separated by hedges and woodlands continued until the dramatic changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Valuable raw materials such as coal and ironstone were mined, and this produced enormous amounts of waste which created the pit mounds seen in the Park today.
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Ironbridge is a short distance away. Dawley was, for over three centuries, a mining town, both for coal and ironstone. Clay extraction, for local industrial-pipe factories, brickyards and the pottery industry, has been a major influence on the landscape. The mining had an important impact on the local culture.
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The conservation park is bounded on its western side by the private protected area, the Secret Rocks Nature Reserve. The waste-rock dump of Arrium's Iron Duke mine is located immediately to the east of the conservation park. Ironstone Hill Conservation is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area.
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It is native to a small area near Morawa in the Mid West region of Western Australia where it is commonly situated on hill crests and slopes growing in soils over and around laterite and ironstone. It is usually found growing in loamy soils as a part of mallee shrubland communities.
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The other mine was located west of the hamlet and operated between 1910 and 1915, with the ironstone being forwarded to Skinningrove Ironworks by rail. The geology and abundance of fossils have attracted many to this area. One of the most notable finds was the skeleton of a plesiosaur in 1883.
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Excluded from nationalisation were industrial lines like the Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway. The London Underground – publicly owned since 1933 – was also nationalised, becoming the London Transport Executive of the British Transport Commission. The Bicester Military Railway was already run by the government. The electric Liverpool Overhead Railway was also excluded from nationalisation.
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Hellidon is a village and civil parish about south-west of Daventry in Northamptonshire, England. The parish area is about . The village lies – above sea level on the north face of an ironstone ridge. Its highest point is above sea level, at Windmill Hill about south-east of the village.
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Withcote Chapel is constructed in ironstone with limestone dressings, and has lead roofs. The plan is a simple rectangle of four bays, with no differentiation between the nave and the chancel. There are buttresses along the sides and at the corners. An embattled parapet runs along the sides and over the gabled ends.
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Quine writes books and articles about narrow-gauge railways, including the Ffestiniog Railway, the Kettering Ironstone Railway, the Waltham Iron Ore Tramway and the private narrow gauge railways of the West Midlands.. In 2019, Quine presented a paper at the Social History Conference on the "impact of English industrialists on rural Mid Wales".
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After the ironstone melted, the Pig iron was brought to Drumshanbo Finery forge to the south of Lough Allen to produce the malleable iron product which was transported to Dublin and Limerick by boat. Folklore claims the "". Drumshanbo Iron works closed in 1765. Creevlea- The last place in Ireland where Iron was manufactured.
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In 1987 it was used as the venue for the National Hill Climb Championship. It takes its name from a 100 foot high chimney which was built to support an ironstone mine which was in that area. The mine closed in 1929, but remained until it was demolished on 28 July 1972.
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Eremophila ferricola is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with lance-shaped leaves and yellowish brown to greenish yellow flowers covered with fine hairs. The species is only known from a single location, growing on a banded ironstone hill.
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Competition from Scottish black band ironstone resulted in a loss of trade for the mines in 1842/3. An increase in demand for ore in the mid-1840s led to the Grosmont mines becoming active again. A contract from Bolckow and Vaughan for 36,000 tons over three years was made in 1846.
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From its opening in February 1850 the works and collieries were connected to the Elsecar Branch of the South Yorkshire Railway giving easy access to the wharves on the River Trent at Keadby. In due time this enabled the companies to obtain ironstone from the Scunthorpe fields, which were rediscovered in 1859.
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Tiles on the Rosehill site were first discovered in the 1880s. The tiles would have been used for important buildings in the area. The Rosehill find is the oldest recorded use of Reigate stone (ironstone of the Upper Greensand) for ashlar work. Reigate was within the Reigate hundred, an Anglo-Saxon administrative division.
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Caladenia saxicola, commonly known as the banded ironstone spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, hairy leaf and one or two dull creamy-white to pale yellow flowers with spreading lateral sepals and petals.
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Ashfield Shale comprises black mudstones and grey shales with frequent sideritic clay ironstone bands. The thickness ranges between 45 and 64 metres. It is 20 metres thick at the Sydney Olympic Site. The chemistry of the rock is typical of shales, with high iron levels, and some iron sulphide and low calcium levels.
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Following the purchase, work began on building steam locomotives for the internal rail systems at several steelworks as well as ironstone mines around Britain. YEC continued to build locomotives for other customers, just as they had before the takeover. The design for a modern 0-6-0ST locomotive was bought from Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns and locomotives of this type were built for steel works, primarily as replacements for locomotives worn out during the Second World War. This design was undoubtedly chosen because a number were already in use at Appleby-Frodingham works, Scunthorpe and given various type names (these include "Type 1", "16inch" and "Group 17"). A small number of locomotives were built for ironstone mines to a War Department ‘Austerity’ design.
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It grew rapidly into a reasonably sized industrial town, when the owners of the ironstone works, the steel firm Stewarts & Lloyds, decided to build a large integrated ironstone and steel works on the site. The start of construction in 1934 drew workers from all over the country including many workers from the depressed west of Scotland and Irish labourers. The first steel was produced in October 1935 and for decades afterwards the steel works dominated the town. By 1939 the population had grown to around 12,000, at which time Corby was thought to be the largest "village" in the country, but it was at that point that Corby was re- designated an urban district (see the Local Government section below).
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Geology of northern Lincolnshire. Near surface iron ore formations in red (NEIMME Transactions, v.24, 1875) It is thought that the iron deposits in Lincolnshire were worked sometime before the 19th and 20th century exploitations – forges at Stowe are mentioned in the Domesday Book, and archaeological evidence has been found of iron working at Scunthorpe. The ironstone in Lincolnshire is thought to have been laid down during the Jurassic period and forms part of a series of ironstones found in eastern England found in the Lias Group of rock strata that also includes ironstone formations making up the Cleveland ironstones and Northamptonshire ironstones; iron deposits in Northern France and Southern Germany may also be from the same period and origin.
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Bacterial decomposition of the remains produced carbon dioxide that combined with dissolved iron from the groundwater. This process formed siderite in the sediments surrounding the remains, forming detailed casts of their structure. Lithification of the sediments formed protective nodules of ironstone around the now fossilized remains. This mode of preservation is known as authigenic mineralisation.
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Lissington, before 1914 The church, dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, is a Grade II listed building built from ironstone and greenstone. It dates from 1796, with a restoration in 1895 and further additions in 1925. Lissington Church of England School was built in 1854 as a National school and closed 21 December 1950.
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The church is constructed in ironstone with Welsh slate roofs. Its plan consists of a two-bay nave, a two-bay chancel, an aisle running to the north of the nave and the chancel, a south porch and a west tower. The architectural style is Perpendicular. The east end of the aisle forms a chapel.
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Later it forms rugose ellipsoidal or ovoid glabrous fruit that is long. G. monticola regenerates from seed only. It is found in the Darling Range east of Perth between Pingelly, Beverley and Wandering. It is found in woodland areas with Jarrah and Wandoo and can grow in sandy or loamy soils overlaterite, granite and ironstone.
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The L-shaped manor house is adjacent to the east end of the church. Most of the two storey (plus attics) main structure was probably built by William Whalley (d.1635) or his son Ralph. Sash windows were inserted into the main wing (red brick on an ironstone plinth) in the early 18th century.
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Twenty men were employed but not from the village. The quarry business only lasted some four years as the stone was quarried out. Nothing survives as the site has been levelled. In 1919, ironstone pits were opened on the road to Pilton; there were extensive sidings to service the pits, which closed in 1968.
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Retrieved 6 March 2012. In 1846, Bolckow and Vaughan built their first blast furnaces at Witton Park, founding the Witton Park Ironworks. The works used coal from Witton Park Colliery to make coke, and ironstone from Whitby on the coast. The pig iron produced at Witton was transported to Middlesbrough for further forging or casting.
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Livestock production includes cattle breeding, poultry keeping, and sheep breeding. Other products produced on the Crimean Peninsula include salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone (found around Kerch) since ancient times. In 2014, the republic's annual GDP was $4.3 billion (500 times smaller than the size of Russia's economy). The average salary was $290 per month.
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Great Ponton railway station was a station on the East Coast Main Line at Great Ponton, Lincolnshire, England. The Great Northern Railway opened it in 1853 and British Railways closed it in 1958. The station was demolished soon after closure. The Park Gate Iron and Steel Company had an ironstone quarry east of Sproxton, Leicestershire.
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There is little employment in the village itself. During and for some time after the Second World War, work was available at the ironstone excavations,"Colsterworth", Industrial Railway Society. but after operations ceased in the 1970s, the site was filled and levelled. A tyre depot and a Christian Salvesen food cold-store offer local jobs.
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The church is constructed in ironstone rubble with pantile roofs. Some of the walls have been patched with bricks or plaster. Its plan consists of a two-bay nave with a clerestory, a south aisle, a south porch, a chancel, and a west tower. There are remnants of a north aisle which has been demolished.
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It is found in a small area between Perenjori, Westonia and Yalgoo where it grows in skeletal rocky soils over ironstone on hillslopes. It is mostly found in the Mount Gibson Sanctuary and on Ninghan Station. The type specimen was collected by the botanist Charles Austin Gardner in 1952 from the Mount Gibson area.
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Harlaxton church is dedicated to St Mary and St Peter and is a Grade I listed building. It is of ironstone and limestone ashlar in Perpendicular style, with parts dating from the 12th century. The church has an early 14th-century buttressed tower and a font dating from around 1400. The south porch was re-built in 1856.
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Pensnett Chase was inclosed, under the Pensnett Chase Inclosure Act of 1784. This reserved mining rights to the lord of the manor, but included a clause to compensate people for mining subsidence, indicating the industry was well established in the area. The mining of coal and ironstone was long established, and probably goes back to medieval times.
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In Victorian times the Sygun Copper Mine was opened near Beddgelert in Snowdonia. Ironstone is a component of the Lower Coal Measures rock sequence and where it outcrops along the northern edge of the South Wales Coalfield, it was extensively worked for the production of iron and was important in the initiation of the Industrial Revolution in South Wales.
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Albian Bima sandstone lie unconformably atop Precambrian basement rock, followed by the Turonian limestone and shale sequences of the Gongila Formation. Marine shales of the Fika Formation formed during the Senonian. The Maastrichtian brought a shift to an estuary environment, leading to the deposition of the Gombe Sandstones, which are intercalated with ironstone, siltstone and shales.
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Kick bush grows on yellow/grey sand, red/brown laterite gravel, brown clay to sandy clay, ironstone and limestone in a variety of habitats including flats, hillslopes, winter-wet sites and the edges of lakes in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographical regions of Western Australia.
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The plateau predominantly consists of Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone, which is largely quartzose sandstone with some shale and ironstone. The soil in the park is generally shallow, sandy and of low fertility. The park is prone to high and extreme erosion threats. There are 13 vegetation communities in the park, among which sandstone woodland and eastern gully forest dominate.
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Iron currency bars from the Iron Age have been found. The Roman colonists also worked the ironstone deposits in this area. There were ironworks here in Edward the Confessor's reign in the 11th century, when Gretton was a royal manor. The industry came to the fore again from 1881 to 1980, providing ore for Corby's steel works.
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The parish church, dedicated to St Mary Magdalene, is built of a local, honey-coloured ironstone used for several churches in the district (e. g. at South Croxton). On 27 February 2008, the church spire was badly damaged by the 2008 Lincolnshire earthquake. The top of it had to be rebuilt, at an estimated cost of some £100,000.
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In the 19th century railways were built from Pickering to Whitby (1836), Middlesbrough to Whitby (1868) and Scarborough to Whitby (1884). Locally sourced iron ore has been processed on the North York Moors from medieval times. In the 19th century it became a boom industry. Dozens of ironstone mines and several short-lived blast furnaces were constructed.
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The club was founded in 1935 as the works team of the Stewarts & Lloyds Iron & Steel Company. S & L was the principal steel company exploiting the ironstone in the area, and the major employer in Corby. The club was a leading contender in the United Counties League. In 1948 a rival club, Corby Town was formed in the town.
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Annual rainfall is . The plateau drains into the floodplain through rivers that cross an ironstone peneplain and then spread out into deltas and swamps. The soils of the plateau have little capacity to hold water, so most of the run-off drains into the floodlands. The many streams draining the plateau have formed steep and narrow valleys.
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A beach is formed under the cliffs and above the rock platform, with layers of shells and dark minerals. Beach sands include the minerals Ilmenite, rutile, zircon and monazite. The cliffs have evidence of ironstone and laterite, with fallen boulders of the iron rich haematite. Perched water tables produce a number of small freshwater springs on the cliff face.
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The Cretaceous Petroleum System consists of the main reservoir in the Safaniya fields, the Safaniya member. The Safaniya member is a thick sequence of sandstone, siltstone and shale with thin intervals of limestone, coal and varying amounts of ironstone. The Mauddud Formation is intra-formational shales and tight carbonates that seals the reservoirs within the Safaniya Formation.
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The church is constructed in ironstone, with tiled roofs. Its plan consists of a three-bay nave with a clerestory, a single-bay chancel, a north transept, and a west tower. The approximate dimensions are: the nave by , the chancel by , and the transept by . The roof of the chancel is higher than that of the nave.
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The name Everton comes from Old English and means farmstead where wild boars are seen. St Mary's Church is substantially 12th Century although the tower, nave clerestory and south porch are 15th Century. It is built of coursed ironstone and cobblestones with ashlar dressings. In 1974, the tower was damaged by lightning and reduced to two stages from three.
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Micromyrtus trudgenii is a plant species of the family Myrtaceae endemic to Western Australia. The erect and open shrub typically grows to a height of . It is found on hills and ridges in a small area the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia between Perenjori and Yalgoo where it grows in loamy-clay soils over ironstone or dolerite.
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It also occurs in low-temperature clay- ironstone concretions. It was first described in 1861 for an occurrence in the San José Mine, Oruro City, Cercado Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia, and named for French chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. It has widespread distribution. In Europe it is reported from Příbram, Czech Republic; Hesse, Germany; and Liskeard, Cornwall, England.
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The oldest rock units recognized in the west of the country, along the Gambia River are sandstones and kaolinitic claystones from the Oligocene, Miocene or Pliocene. Ironstone, including iron oxides, gravel, clay and sand dating to the Pleistocene are found in the east of the Gambia, while coastal sands, salt, silt and clay are common dating to the Holocene.
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A community campaign opposed the proposal at the Oxfordshire Ironstone Enquiry. The claim that the area was not one of natural beauty was countered by commissioning photographs of the area. The protest succeeded and the proposal was withdrawn. Production versions of the rare Jaguar XJ220 supercar were produced at Wykham Mill in Bloxham from 1992 until 1994.
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Thin layers of ironstone and marcasite, as well as concentrations of marcasite, occur throughout the shale. The Chagrin Shale is classified as a weak to medium-strong rock, with a compressive strength anywhere from to . The strength of the rock is much lower near soil/rock interface (where there is stress relief), and if there is weathering.
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Khairna is located on the confluence of Kosi and Khairna Rivers, around the Khairna Bridge at . It is located at a distance of 30 km from Nainital and Ranikhet. The Khairna Bridge marks the junction of the National Highway 109 with the Bhowali-Ranikhet Road. The river bed at Khairna is abundant in ironstone and quartzite.
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Ingham, p.14. The quarry was originally operated by the Hook Norton Ironstone Partnership and it "seems probable" that it was leased by that company from Henry Baker. After the Partnership ceased operations in 1904, Baker continued operations on his own account. These excavations obliterated part of the partnership's tramway line and the site of the winding house.
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The ironstone building has ashlar dressings and clay tile roofs. It consists of the chancel, nave with north and south aisles, south porch, and vestry on the north side. The three-stage west tower is supported by buttresses and has an embattled parapet. The tower has a ring of seven bells, five of which date from the seventeenth century.
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Oworo Land is rich in mineral deposits. The major minerals include iron ore on the Agbaja Plateau,Abinbola AF(1997) "Petrographic and Paragenetic Studies of Agbaja Ironstone Formation, Nupe Basin, Nigeria". Journal of African Earth Science. 25(2):169-181 DOI: 10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00096-1 Marbles in Jakura and Limestone in Oyo-Iwa Community.Anonymous.
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In 1850, Vaughan and his mining geologist John Marley discovered iron ore, conveniently situated near Eston in the Cleveland Hills of Yorkshire. Unknown to anyone at the time, this vein was part of the Cleveland Ironstone Formation, which was already being mined in Grosmont by Losh, Wilson and Bell.The Peerage: Bell, Sir Isaac Lowthian. William Arthur Bone, 1912.
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Brooksby Hall is built on an H-shaped plan. It was constructed from coursed squared ironstone dressed with limestone, with roofs covered with Swithland slate.Blaxland, p. 3 The building's main front faces south, away from the river, with a facade that has five bays and one and a half storeys faced with sash windows and a parapet with crenelations.
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Stoneware and ironstone ware were popular choices for restaurants for their ability to withstand heavy use. Transfer designs also enabled some restaurants to set their tables with pieces bearing the business name or emblem. By the early 20th century, hotelware expanded into diners catering to road travellers, and airlines also introduced on board meals served on hotelware.
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They collectively acquired almost half of the area, and profited from coal and ironstone mines and iron smithies on their estates. The area was also the site of the 1821 Cinderloo Uprising which saw 3,000 people protest the lowering of wages for those working in the local coal industry. The protests resulted in the deaths of three striking colliers.
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The location of Ashwell Station, which served the village of Ashwell from 1848 to 1966. Ashwell railway station was a station in Ashwell, Rutland on the line between Melton Mowbray and Oakham. It lies west of the village, on the road to Whissendine. Just north of Ashwell was Ashwell Junction where the Cottesmore Ironstone Branch joined.
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This makes mining the ore an expensive proposition compared to typical ironstone or haematite opencasts. The recovered ore also has drawbacks. The carbonate ore is more difficult to smelt than a haematite or other oxide ore. Driving off the carbonate as carbon dioxide requires more energy and so the ore 'kills' the blast furnace if added directly.
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Chesterton was a parish in the Wolstanton Rural District from 1894 to 1904. Following that, it became part of the Wolstanton United Urban District until 1932, when it was added to the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. The main employer in Chesterton was Holditch Colliery. The colliery employed 1,500 men and mined ironstone in addition to coal.
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He played a role in persuading government to pass an act, proposed by Hugh Dalton, to mandate the restoration of all current ironstone workings and several thousand acres of former workings. In later life he lived in Hampshire but continued to monitor the progress of restoration on visits to Northamptonshire. Wake died on 4 August 1963.
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Shawhill House near Hurlford. The town developed rapidly in the 19th century, following the discovery of coal. Fireclay and ironstone were also worked extensively until production ceased in the 1970s. A poignant reminder of the heyday of the iron and steel industry of Hurlford is the ship's propeller erected at the Cross in the lately redeveloped town centre.
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Moreton Pinkney village is a mixture of traditional houses in grey stone and brown ironstone. The parish school was built in 1822 and enlarged in 1876. Moreton Pinkney Manor was built in 1859 and altered in 1870. The entrance arch designed by the architect E.F. Law of Northampton, built in 1859 and bears the arms of Lord Sempill.
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He delegated management of the mines to his energetic land agent, Isaac Wells. Isaac Wells only operated the New Heigh pit directly (It provided Sir Francis with a profit of £1200 pa.) and sub let other mines to "pit takers". In 1794 Sir Francis leased 93 acres of ironstone in Hall Lane to the Bowling Iron works.
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The Ponton Heath Barrow Cemetery is a group of at least eleven Middle Bronze Age round barrows south of Grantham, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. Five of the barrows were destroyed by ironstone quarrying in 1959; the remaining six are scheduled monuments. The sites have been placed on the Heritage at Risk Register.
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St Mary's is constructed in a combination of greenstone, ironstone and limestone coursed rubble. The dressings are in limestone ashlar, there is some brickwork present, and part of the walls are rendered. The roofs are in lead and slate. Its plan consists of a nave with a south aisle under one roof, a smaller chancel, and a southwest tower.
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During this time, Elisha was also producing a wagon each month and handling some smaller side jobs like carts, too. The brothers also ran a tannery and Jonathan operated a brick yard, too, off River Road in the Ironstone Village. By the 1870s, David L. Southwick was living in the home . He was a farmer and a blacksmith.
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Kettle Ness with a glimpse of the disused quarries. As at other locations on the Cleveland coast, the underlying geology has an abundance of mineral resources. The Upper Lias consists of alum shales, jet rock, cement shales, and ironstone. The headland was previously the site of the original village and the alum works, which started quarrying .
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It had a ring of four bells, cast by William and Henry III Bagley of Chacombe in 1706. but two further bells, by John Taylor & Co, were added in 2013.The Ringers World Graham Nabb, Horley, St Ehteldred 4 April 2014 p330-331, 333 St. Etheldreda's is now one of eight ecclesiastical parishes in the Ironstone Benefice.
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The church is constructed in limestone rubble, with some ironstone banding, and ashlar dressings. Its plan consists of a nave with a clerestory and north and south aisles, a chancel, and a west tower. The tower dates from the 12th century and is in three stages. Its parapet is embattled, and has pinnacles and gargoyles at the corners.
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The Blisworth Clay Formation is a geological formation in England. It is part of the Great Oolite Group and was deposited in the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic. The predominant lithology is mudstone with thin beds of limestone and sandstone with ironstone nodules. Towards the South-West it laterally transitions into the Forest Marble Formation.
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Inkerman was a small hamlet set up in 1858 in the Abbey Parish of Paisley to house ironstone miners. Later employment came from ancillary operations, including shale coal and oilworks. There were seven pits in all in Inkerman. The hamlet was named after a recent (1854) British military victory, the Battle of Inkerman, in the Crimean War.
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The exterior is of flint and ironstone random rubble, partly rendered, with freestone dressings and ashlar, brick and tile buttresses. The windows in the nave have a Y tracery. The gabled porch has a square headed doorway with shields in spandrels. Inside there is a carved effigy of the Crusader Sir Richard de Montfichet on a window sill.
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The formation consists of yellowish-gray to grayish-orange cliff-forming sandstone. The upper beds are massive and crossbedded, consisting of well-sorted, fine-grained, friable sandstone. The lower beds are alternating thin beds of sandstone and light- to dark-gray silty shale. The upper part of the shale beds contains up to of discontinuous ironstone beds.
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The geology of Moulton is based on sedimentary rocks known as Oolite. Cornbrash, Inferior and Great Oolite rocks have dictated that the soils of Moulton are predominantly sands and clays, but small quantities of ironstone may be found.Martin, R.A. & Osborn, G. 1976. An Outline of the Geology of Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire Natural History Society and Field Club.
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On 8 October 1855, there was a serious boiler explosion at the Walker Iron Works, which killed at least seven workers. According to a contemporary account, the boiler > unfurled like a sail, was blown upwards, carrying with it two roofings of > the sheds, and blowing down two furnaces, with their chimneys, and > scattering the molten metal and red hot bricks around, while one end of it > was hurled into the midst of the works, and the other about 200 yards over > the hill top, into the lumber-yard. All the dead were aged between 19 and 33, and the event created something of a sensation at the time. In 1857, John Marley, in his account of the Cleveland Ironstone, described the Bell Ironworks as follows:John Marley, Cleveland Ironstone, 1857.
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Blue Cow On the road to Wymondham is a limestone quarry owned by Breedon Aggregates, containing around 3.2 million tonnes of limestone. Ennstone Johnston bought the quarry for £1.5 million in April 2004 from GRS. Close by to the north is a former ironstone quarry. Other companies based in the village include Compressed Air Plant, Auriga, Petlife International and Clever Cooks.
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The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is Rutland Water, a large artificial reservoir that is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys. Rutland's older cottages are built from limestone or ironstone and many have roofs of Collyweston stone slate or thatch.
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The Eller Beck Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period. It consists of a lower unit less than 3 m thick consisting of mudstone with subordinate ironstone, with an upper unit typically 4–6 m thick consisting of fine-medium grained sandstone, further south it changes into finer grained facies with mudstone and limestone.
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The Prince of Wales Tower is 26 feet high and is 72 feet in diameter. The exposed material is ironstone rubble masonry, with walls. The tower is a squat, round structure built of stone, almost three times as wide as it is high. The original construction allowed for six mounted guns on the roof and four guns on the second storey.
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At the age of 25, he was superintending engineer for the Barkip Coal & Ironstone Works, in Scotland. He resigned from this position and in 1869, came to the United States with his wife. He proceeded to Hartland, Wisconsin, where his wife's uncle lived. The uncle was a farmer, and for a while Mackie engaged in farming, but that occupation didn't suit him.
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The Kangaroo Island wine region which covers the full extent of the island of the same name is known for its Bordeaux style wines. Most of the vineyards are found on the ironstone and sandy loam soils near Kingscote. The term ‘Kangaroo Island’ was registered as an AGI on 8 December 2000. As of 2012, the region contains at least seven wineries.
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The Grade I listed church, which is dedicated to All Saints, is built of ironstone and limestone and dates back to the 11th century. It was restored in 1845. It contains monuments to the Payne family and is notable for its Saxon tower with an unusual circular stairway. The top storey of the tower was added during the 15th century.
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Scalford railway station was a railway station serving the village of Scalford, LeicestershireBritish Railways Atlas.1947. p.16 on the Great Northern and London and North Western Joint Railway. It opened in 1879 and closed to regular traffic in 1953. It was the junction for a branch line to Waltham on the Wolds which was built to exploit ironstone deposits in the area.
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It was very common in the past, for mining communities to have a brass band, and Lingdale was no exception. A brass band was formed in 1851, as Lingdale Ironstone Miners' Band. It later became known as Lingdale Silver Band, Lingdale Silver (ICI Chemical Products) Band (from 1986). In 1998, the band merged with the Yarm & District Band to form Lockwood Band.
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Shroba, R.R., and Carrara, P.E., 1996, Surficial geologic map of the Rocky Flats environmental technology site and vicinity, Jefferson and Boulder Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map, I 2526. Nodular ironstone concretions occur in the mudstones that contain plant remains. Some of the material in the sandstones originated from silicic volcanoes far to the west.Wilson, M. 2002.
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The village had an agricultural and fishing economy until the opening of local ironstone workings in 1848 initiated an industrialisation boom. A railway was built by 1865, and iron smelting began in 1874. A jetty on the coast built in 1880 allowed seagoing vessels to carry heavy cargoes from the area. Mining continued until 1958 and primary iron production until the 1970s.
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Hartley is a village and civil parish in the Eden district of Cumbria, England. It is about east of Kirkby Stephen. The area has many old lead and copper mines that are now abandoned as well as having a large quantity of iron haematite, ironstone and ore. At the highest peak in Hartley stand nine obelisks referred to as "Nine Standards".
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The Geopark extends across territory underlain by sedimentary rocks of Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic age together with some limited outcrops of igneous rocks. Coal, ironstone, limestone, fireclay, brick clay and building stones have all been exploited in the area in the last few centuries. Evidence is also present for the margins of both the Anglian icesheet and the Devensian icesheet.
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In the churchyard is the base of a churchyard cross, dating from the medieval period. It is constructed in ironstone and consists of an octagonal base and two steps and a square socket stone. It is listed at Grade II. Also in the churchyard are ten tombs, headstones, and groups of headstones, all of which are listed at Grade II.
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A fossil assigned to this genus was found at Montceau-les-Mines, France, in ironstone concretion deposits of Late Carboniferous (Stephanian) age, about 305–299 million years old. Montceau fossils are generally preserved in such a way that fine details can be observed and three-dimensional analysis is possible. In the case of Idmonarachne, computerized tomography was used to construct a "virtual fossil".
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The Esperance Plains region, with agricultural areas in yellow, and native vegetation in green The region's topography consists of a plain that rises from near sea level to an altitude of about 200 metres (700 ft), broken in places by outcrops of granite domes and quartzite ranges. The soil is Eocene sediments overlying clay or ironstone gravel derived from the Albany-Fraser Orogen.
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Although some ironstone was extracted locally, the promised huge income from carrying it was lacking. Receipts were poor; eventually, a receiver was appointed and efforts were soon made to sell the undertaking to the GNR. The GNR were not enthusiastic, but in December 1881 they agreed to purchase the line for £200,000. About £380,000 had been expended on building the line.
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The valley is covered is with of ice, overburden, rock falls, and tundra vegetation. Placer gold finds are covered by iron oxide in the form of dark organic matter. Gold was also discovered in gravel in ironstone concretions. Other minerals found in placer gold are arsenopyrite, large amount of pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, ilmenite, rutile, garnet, cerussite and sometimes also magnetite.
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Goadby Marwood is a village in the north of the English county of Leicestershire. It is about north of Melton Mowbray and a few miles from the Vale of Belvoir. The population is included in the civil parish of Eaton. Most of the houses are built from locally mined ironstone and some, including Goadby Hall, date from the 17th century.
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In 1951, High Leys was worked out, and the branch was extended to the new Granby pit. This was similarly abandoned in 1955 and the final extension of the branch was made to Harts pit. Harts was the last ironstone pit worked by the Waltham Iron Ore Tramway. It closed in 1958, and with it the tramway was shut down.
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The ironstone church at Ragdale Hoby with Rotherby is a civil parish in Leicestershire, England. In the 2001 census it had a population of 594, reducing to 556 at the time of the 2011 census. It includes the villages of Hoby, Rotherby, Ragdale and Brooksby. The parish is part of Melton local government district, and within the Rutland and Melton constituency.
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Besides lead, silver and fluorspar were extracted from Weardale. Large amounts of ironstone were taken, especially from the Rookhope area, during the Industrial Revolution to supply ironworks at Consett and other sites in County Durham. Local deposits of other minerals were also found on occasion. Ganister (hard sandstone) and dolerite (whinstone, basalt) have also been quarried in the past in Weardale.
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Amery (1981), p. 82. It has a Doric entrance portico, with paired columns. Single-storey wings project forward along the sides of the entrance court, each terminating in a pair of large chimneys and a concave screen wall facing onto the road. The house is built of Bargate stone, with galleting of the mortar using pieces of ironstone, and decorated with brick.
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The Monkland Canal was constructed at the end of the 18th century initially to transport coal to Glasgow from the rich local deposits. The invention of the hot blast furnace process in 1828 meant that Coatbridge's ironstone deposits could be exploited to the maximum by the canal link and hot blast process.Drummond, Peter and James Smith (1982). Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change.
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At the 2011 census, the Dudley Peninsula had a population of 595 with 276 persons located in Penneshaw and the remaining 319 located on the remainder of the peninsula, being the localities of American Beach, Antechamber Bay, Baudin Beach, Brown Beach, Cuttlefish Bay, Dudley East, Dudley West, Ironstone, Island Beach, Kangaroo Head, Pelican Lagoon, Porky Flat, Sapphiretown, Willoughby and Willson River.
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The former Church of England school and local Post Office buildings are still standing but have been converted into houses. Upton House is less than from the village. It houses a fine art collection and is managed by the National Trust. In 1922 the Edge Hill Light Railway was built through the village to carry ironstone from a local quarry.
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Thryptomene striata is a shrub species in the family Myrtaceae that is endemic to Western Australia. The erect and compact shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms in September producing pink-purple flowers. It is found in the Mid West region of Western Australia between Geraldton and Northampton where it grows in sandy to loamy soils with ironstone.
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Katoomba, Australia Banks Wall Sandstone is a type of sedimentary rock occurring in the Sydney Basin in eastern Australia. This stratum is up to 115 metres thick. Often seen in the Blue Mountains, such as at the Three Sisters at Katoomba. The rock is mostly quartzose, but also contains many ironstone bands, with conglomerates and numerous claystone lenses several metres thick.
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The banks of the Patapsco River had been unearthed to mine for ironstone, which resulted in the displaced sand and earth being dumped into the river, affecting its navigability. In 1753 a law was enacted to prevent the further filling in of the Patapsco River's shipping channel at Elkridge Landing and up to Baltimore.Maryland Act of 1753 Chap. 27. Maryland State Archives.
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John Marley (11 November 1823 – 4 April 1891) was an English mining engineer from Darlington who together with ironmaster John Vaughan made the "commercial discovery" of the Cleveland Ironstone Formation, the basis of the wealth of their company Bolckow Vaughan and the industrial growth of Middlesbrough.The Geological Society: Metal mining – who pays for the clean-up?. Geoscientist 20. 6 July 2011.
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Outcrops of Wadhurst Clay, which occurs as both nodules and in tabular masses, are distributed discontinuously in a horseshoe shape around Ashdown Forest, which has influenced the historical geography of iron-working around the forest.The iron ore is a clay ironstone, a low grade iron ore largely consisting of siderite. It is distributed widely across the Wealden geology. See Gallois (1965), pp.
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He would in time, be her second husband, but she did not became a widow for another ten years. In 1792 George died and left Alfreton Hall and other his estates to Ellen. She owned a brickworks, a colliery, farms and ironstone sources. Over the next nine years she was engaged in a legal battle with her neighbours the Outrams.
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The facility was commissioned to replace the aging Ysbyty Bron y Garth in Penrhyndeudraeth. It was designed by IBI Group and built on an elevated site which had previously been occupied by a rail interchange and ironstone mine. It cost £19 million to construct and was officially opened by Edwina Hart, Minister for Health and Social Services, in July 2009.
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In 1648 he was made a Doctor of Divinity and President of Trinity College, Oxford. Puritan influence at Hanwell was ended in 1658 with the appointment of a Royalist curate, George Ashwell, who was as pious, hardworking and scholarly as his predecessors. St Peter's is now a Grade I listed building. Its parish is now one of eight in the Ironstone Benefice.
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In 1869, he was living in Whitfield, in the south of the county, a lead mining region. He continued working in mining until after 1871, when the census records him as an ironstone miner. In the late 1870s the birth records of his children show he was living in Dinnington, and his obituary states that he worked as a coal miner there.
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Molybdenum deficiency is common in many different types of soil; some soils have low total Mo concentrations, and others have low plant-available Mo due to strong Mo sorption. Symptoms are most common where both conditions apply, such as in acid sandy soils. Molybdenum may be strongly sorbed in ironstone soils. Liming of soils frequently relieves Mo deficiency by decreasing Mo sorption.
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The trigger for the exploitation of ironstone deposits was knowledge of the use of coke for iron smelting. From the 1780s ironworks were founded in and around Bradford. The Birkinshaw works was established in 1784. The Shelf works was established in 1785, the Bowling iron works was founded in 1787, the Low Moor works in 1788 and the Bierley works in 1810.
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The imported limestone was essential as a blast furnace flux. The local coal measures contained two very notable seams. The low sulphur better bed coal was used to make a blast furnace coke of very high quality. The black bed coal, 130 feet above it, was a good general purpose coal overlain with seams of ironstone with a 32% iron content.
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St Mary's is constructed in a mixture of ironstone, chalk, limestone, and red and yellow brick. Cement rendering has been applied to parts of the nave and the tower. The roof of the nave is slated, and the roof of the chancel is tiled. The plan of the church consists of a three-bay nave, a three-bay chancel, and a west tower.
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St. Mary the Virgin is the local Church of England parish church for Brampton Ash, Northamptonshire. Sitting in the Diocese of Peterborough, the ironstone church boasts fine carvings of lions. It is well lit at night, and can be seen across the Welland Valley for miles around. The church is largely 13th and 14th century with some restoration in the 19th century.
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St George's is constructed in a mixture of cobblestones, ironstone and limestone with ashlar dressings, and has rendering applied to parts of the walls. The roofs are slated. Its plan consists of a two-bay nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, north and south porches, a chancel, and a west tower. The tower dates from the 14th century.
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Online reference and also an owner of a large colliery firm. Arthur went to Cambridge University and gained a MA degree in 1893. He joined the family coal and ironstone business called Pease and Partners Ltd and eventually became the Chairman and Managing Director. In 1889 he married Laura Matilda Ethelwyn Allix, daughter of Charles Peter Allix, of Swaffham Prior House.
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The species is found in a small area near Perenjori in the Mid West region of Western Australia. It grows red silt and thin sands over red ironstone and laterite on crests and ridges of ranges. Only three populations in the Blue Hill Range are known. Each population is within of the next and covers an area of around in total.
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They are ferruginized, highly indurated and compacted. The concentration of Iron in these ironstone units is low, hence, cannot be extracted as ore. Some of the uses of ironstones include for slope stabilization and embankment filling. As coarse aggregate for mixing with mortar and water in order to form strong concrete mixtures, it is also used for erosion control especially in inclined terrain.
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The church in Eaton is Saint Denys Church, which mostly dates back to the 13th century. Unusually the spire is built of ironstone. The public house in Eaton is "The Castle", which serves food and is also a registered campsite. It is also probably one of the only pubs in England to have a village shop built on the side of it.
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All Saints is constructed in a variety of materials; coursed greenstone, limestone and ironstone rubble, with limestone dressings. It contains some brick, and parts of it are rendered. The roofs are in lead and slate, with ridge tiles. Its plan consists of a nave with a south aisle and a south porch, a chancel with a southeast chapel, and a west tower.
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Some 75,000 shares were sold. () However, test workings at Lea Bailey and nearby Staple Edge concluded that the small amount of gold present could not be extracted economically and the syndicate was wound up in 1908. The mine was later extended and some of iron ore were extracted — a small amount compared to the extracted from the nearby Wigpool Ironstone Mine.
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At Frodingham the ironstone existed in a bed up to thick, covered by loose sand. The ore was found in the form of a calcareous hydrated oxide, with some oolitic nodules, much affected by water weathering; local variations within the ore bed included bands with iron content as high as 40%, down to 12%, with an average iron content of 25%, excluding spoil. The ironstone bed dipped slightly towards the east – the bed's proximity to the surface, its fair uniformity, and the general low value of the land on which it stood led to rapid development of open ore workings. The lime content of the ore rendered it self-fluxing, but its high lime content and basic nature were problematic and led to the practice of using it in combination with silica containing ores (for slag formation).
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Some of the stone cottages feature thatched roofs although slate is now more common; (Stretton-On-Fosse) The rock outcrops at places on the Cotswold Edge; small quarries are common. The exposures are rarely sufficiently compact to be good for rock-climbing, but an exception is Castle Rock, on Cleeve Hill, near Cheltenham. Due to the rapid expansion of the Cotswolds in order for nearby areas to capitalize on increased house prices, well known ironstone villages, such as Hook Norton, have even been claimed by some to be in the Cotswolds despite lacking key features of Cotswolds villages such as Cotswold stone and are instead built using a deep red/orange ironstone, known locally as Hornton Stone. In his 1934 book English Journey, J. B. Priestley made this comment about Cotswold buildings made of the local stone.
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Ironstone Hill Conservation Park is a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Eyre Peninsula in the gazetted locality of Middleback Range about east south-east of the town of Kimba on the west side of the Middleback Range. The conservation park was proclaimed under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 in 2010 and was constituted to permit access under the state’s Mining Act 1971 and Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Act 2000. In 2014, it was described as follows: > Ironstone Hill Conservation Park (19 650 ha) is particularly significant for > the protection of sandy dunes, which are preferred habitat of the endangered > Sandhill Dunnart. The park (sic) is largely mallee vegetation, and protects > plant species including the Desert Greenhood and Sandalwood which are listed > as vulnerable under the National Parks and Wildlife Act.
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In mid-1850 Henry Bolckow and John Vaughan discovered a seam of iron ore at Eston. They opened a mine, laid a branch line to the Middlesbrough & Redcar Railway and started hauling ironstone over the S&DR; to their blast furnaces west of Bishop Auckland. By 1851 Derwent Iron had opened a mine in the area and began moving ironstone to Consett, and the S&DR; had paid the arrears on its debt and was able to pay a dividend the following year, albeit only 4 per cent; between 1849 and 1853 the traffic more than doubled. In 1852 the Leeds Northern Railway (LNR) built a line from Northallerton to a junction with the Stockton to Hartlepool line and a section of the route ran parallel to the S&DR; alongside the Yarm to Stockton Road.
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Kay reformed the band as "John Kay and Steppenwolf" in January 1980, rebuilding the group with brothers Michael (lead guitar) and Steve Palmer (drums), bassist Kurtis Teel and keyboardist Danny Ironstone (Teel and Ironstone were soon replaced by Chad Peery and Brett Tuggle, respectively). Peery and Tuggle performed on the 1981 live album Live in London, but were replaced for the recording of the following year's studio return Wolftracks by Welton Gite and Michael Wilk, respectively. Gary Link took over on bass for 1984's Paradox but had left alongside the Palmer brothers by the end of the year, with Rocket Ritchotte (lead guitar) and Ron Hurst (drums) joining shortly after, and keyboardist Michael Wilk took the bass. The band released Rock & Roll Rebels in 1987, which was the group's first to feature the four-piece lineup.
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Whiterigg: the short branch to Whiterigg was authorised in the first Act of Parliament, but not built at first. As ironstone and colliery workings developed rapidly in this period, it was argued that the Whiterigg branch would be very beneficial, and it was constructed in 1830, bringing the total network mileage to . Buchanan describes this: "A branch about half a mile [800 m] in length goes off to the north-west to embrace the extensive colliery of Whiterig, and which has been recently extended to the ironstone mines of Gavil and others." Arbuckle: in 1830, another branch was opened, extended from Airdriehill Junction, near the farm of that name, to Arbuckle station; at that point there was an end-on junction with the Slamannan Railway when it opened on 5 August 1840 to the Union Canal at Causewayend, near Linlithgow.
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The parish church is dedicated to Saint Peter and is a Grade I listed building cared for by The Churches Conservation Trust; it became redundant in 1981. It dates from the early 11th century and is built of Ironstone. There are three monuments in the church to 13th- and 14th-century knights. There are also several marble tablets to the Young family of Kingerby Hall.
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They confirmed that iron extraction from pits within the woodland, Roman iron smelting sites, and other evidence of Roman industry implied an industrial centre that was significant for Roman British iron supplies. A Roman bath-house, with surviving painted wall plaster may indicate an overseer's residence. Could the woodland have survived this level of industrial use? The two resources that the Romans needed were ironstone and fuel.
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In medieval times ironstone and, later, coal were mined, in particular from bell pits: localised mine shafts, one of which has now flooded to form a lake. Over the years large numbers of quarries were opened up on Titterstone Clee to exploit the dolerite. All but one, on Clee Hill, are now abandoned. The largest quarries have sheer drops of up to around 100 feet (30m).
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The surrounding area had traditional industries of coal and ironstone mining, which remained small in scale until the opening of a branch from the Cromford Canal in 1793 gave impetus to the construction of iron furnaces. In 1800 Derby ironfounders Thomas Saxelby, James Oakes and Forrester opened the Riddings Iron Works. By 1806 Thos. Saxelby & Co. had become the largest producers of pig iron in Derbyshire.
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At the age of eight Alexander joined his father down the mines.The Times, 1 November 1881 p6 Macdonald worked in both coal and ironstone mines for the next sixteen years. Macdonald was one of the leaders of the 1842 Lanarkshire mining strike and after its defeat he lost his job forcing him to find work in another colliery. From 1849–1850 he worked as a mine manager.
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An 1876 publication, Catalogue of the western Scottish fossils, documented finds in Barkip's coal and ironstone pits and sandstone quarries, including that of Rhizodus, Gyracanthus, and Cladodus. The village had a certain reputation for problems linked to illicit drinking.Reid (2001), p.105 It was reported in 1898 that Sunday drinking resulted in men lying around drunk in the Maulside plantations and some were playing cards.
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A mineral line was built from Belvoir junction, on the Nottingham and Grantham line a little west of Sedgebrook, to ironstone workings at Woolsthorpe, near a wharf on the Grantham Canal. It was authorised by an Act of 10 August 1882. The contract for construction had already been let on 6 July to Lovatt, for £14,000. It was a single line, 2 miles 76 chains in extent.
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The skating rink, police station, mine manager's house and hospital have also been identified archaeologically. Residential sites generally appear as cleared earth surfaces with ironstone or white quartz edging. The hospital site is located on a small hill to the east and contains a large iron water tank base and cast iron oven. A wide range of domestic artefacts are in evidence across the town area.
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The line of the previous 13th- century north transept is defined by a pointed relief moulding above. The south stub transept window is Early English, incorporating four lancet lights with three quatrefoil rosettes above. The 14th-century south porch is of the same banded limestone and ironstone, and set on an ashlar plinth. Its pointed and moulded arched entrance is supported by octagonal pillars.
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Ape published in Vanity Fair in 1874. Rowland Winn, 1st Baron St Oswald (19 February 1820 – 19 January 1893) was an English industrialist and Conservative Party politician. He was instrumental in promoting and developing the ironstone ore fields in North Lincolnshire leading to the establishment of Scunthorpe as a national iron production center, and a key promoter of the Trent, Ancholme and Grimsby Railway.
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Quarrying was done by hand at first. The first steam quarrying machine was in use by 1917, and the first diesel machine in 1935. Close to the south and east of the village most of the quarried area has had housing and an industrial estate built on it. In the industrial estate the street names Ironstone Way, Quarry Road, Ferro Fields and Staveley Way commemorate the quarries.
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The first part of the name Isernhagen derives from the word Yser or Yserne which means 'iron'. In the middle ages ironstone was found in the lowlands of the river Wietze. It was smelted on-site and used as construction material. The ending Hagene or Hagen describes a piece of woodlands or fencing of crop lands, common to keep away animals from the farmland.
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1870 to fit a mobile steam mill. Its wheel house has original ironstone foundations and brick walls forming an octagonal building, a design peculiarity to accommodate the horses and driving mechanism. The site has a barn, one-room cottage and dairy that all date from the mill's construction. Quamby house was built for Sir Richard Dry in 1838, probably to a design by Richard Cromwell Carpenter.
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The ironstone yields about 32% iron. The Better Bed coal is free of sulfur, making it ideal for furnaces used in smelting, puddling and forging. The Black Bed coal, nearer to the surface, could be sold or used for firing boilers and other purposes. Mining began in Jeremiah Rawson's estate, then extended into nearby estates as the deposits became exhausted, always mining the same beds of minerals.
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Micromyrtus triptycha is a plant species of the family Myrtaceae endemic to Western Australia. The erect and open shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms between April and December producing yellow-white-cream flowers. It is found on sand plains, hills and slopes in the southern Wheatbelt region of Western Australia where it grows in gravelly, sandy or clay soils over laterite or ironstone.
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The Edmonton Group consists of fine-grained sandstones, calcareous sandstones, siltstones, sandy shales and mudstones, bentonitic sandstones and shales, bentonite beds, ironstone concretions, carbonaceous shales and coal seams. Hard sandstones commonly cap mesas, buttes and plateaus where erosion has formed badlands topography, as is the case for much of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and the Scollard Formation. Coarse-grained sediments are rare in the Edmonton Group.
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By 1885, the once plentiful Monklands ironstone deposits had been largely exhausted. It became increasingly expensive to produce iron in Coatbridge as raw materials had to be imported from as far afield as Spain. The growth of the steel industry (in nearby Motherwell) had also led to a start of a decline in demand for the pig iron Coatbridge produced. Living conditions remained grim.
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The area was once extensively quarried for ironstone and a short industrial railway – Edge Hill Light Railway – existed for this purpose until the 1920s. Of interest at the site is a 12th-century parish church at the old village of Burton Dassett. Outside the church is a holy well which still provides water. The park is also highly popular with flyers of kites and radio-controlled gliders.
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From a list drafted in 1923, there were 2,040 employed at the Steam Coal Pits, producing coal and ironstone from the Six Feet, Seven Feet and Upper and Lower New Seams. The House Coal Pit employed 340 men, producing from the Two and a Half Feet Seam. The House Coal Pit closed in 1925. Three men were killed in an underground accident at Caerau Colliery in 1931.
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Finedon Cally Banks is a 2.5 hectare nature reserve north-east of Wellingborough in Northamptonshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. The site was formerly used to burn ironstone to remove impurities, leaving a layer of calcine, which produces poor soil in which wildflowers flourish. The reserve also includes a stretch of railway embankment for transporting the iron ore.
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The division was named after the small town of Egremont. It was an area with a mixed economy. Ironstone mining and a blast furnace employed many people and there were some inhabitants engaged in shipbuilding. It was estimated that in the late nineteenth century, 1 in 11 of the adult male population of Cumberland worked in mining and 1 in 5 in heavy industry.
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The parish church of Saint Peter was constructed in the late 12th century and is a grade I listed building, extensively restored in the 19th century. The tower, with two-light plate-tracery windows of c.1260, is made of ironstone rubble with stone dressings and dressed stone to north aisle. In addition it has a wooden- shingled spire with a wooden cross surmounted.
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The Belle Fourche Shale of northeastern Wyoming has about 400 to 800 feet of noncalcareous shale between the siliceous Mowry Shale below and the calcareous Greenhorn Formation above. It contains large ironstone concretions in the lower 50 feet of the formation. Bentonite beds are present throughout the shale. Of the shale that extends into Alberta, the formation primarily consists of shale, siltstone, and sandstone.
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It occurs on red sand soils, ironstone gravel, and stony plains. In Western Australia it is found in the Central Kimberley, Dampierland, Gascoyne, Great Sandy Desert, Little Sandy Desert, Northern Kimberley, Ord Victoria Plain, Pilbara and Tanami IBRA bioregions. It is also found in the central western parts of the Northern Territory. Edible grubs are found among the rootstock and the seeds are often harvested by ants.
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The clay alternates with other subordinate lithologies, notably hard red-weathering beds of ironstone, limestone (Sussex Marble) and sandstones, notably including the calcareous sandstone unit referred to as the Horsham Stone. It has a gradual, conformable contact with the underlying Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation, and has a sharp, unconformable contact with the overlying Atherfield Clay Formation, a shallow marine unit deposited after marine transgression during the Aptian.
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The Fitzroy Iron Works is commemorated by a memorial erected in 1948 at the site of the blast furnace and the remains of the iron works uncovered in 2004 with interpretive signage. The only complete structure that is a remnant of the iron works is 'Ironstone Cottage', a sandstone cottage on the Old Hume Highway, which was once used by managers of the iron works.
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West Bretton covers of hilly land from to above sea level. It is at the watershed of the Rivers Dearne and Calder. The River Dearne flows west to east through the landscaped valley in Bretton Park where it is dammed to form two lakes. The underlying geology is that of the Carboniferous period and comprises 18 coal seams of coal measures and the Tankersley ironstone seam.
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An ironstone mine was opened to work on a rock outcrop in 1853. The mine was to supply flux for the Port Adelaide copper smelting works, but it apparently closed within a year. It was reopened in 1861 and operated until 1862. The Tea Tree Gully Silver Mining Company began work in the area in 1888, constructing a tramway, blacksmith shop and a new road.
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Frederick John North (18891968) was a British geologist and museum curator. He was a lifelong advocate and populariser of geology, and was from 191459 Keeper of Geology at the National Museum of Wales. He trained as a palaeontologist, specialising in fossil brachiopods; but from the 1920s, he wrote and spoke broadly about slate, coal, ironstone and limestone. He was a keen historian, cartographer, archaeologist, caver and photographer.
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The church of St James is in the Early English style, most being 12th, 13th and 14th century. It replaced an earlier Anglo-Saxon church mentioned in the Domesday Book. Constructed of ironstone rubble with sandstone buttresses, it was restored in 1895 by S. Weatherley. By the north chancel wall there is a 14th-century quatrefoil window and squint – belonging to an Anchorite cell.
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Land had been sold to them but Ellen believed that she had the rights to the coal and ironstone beneath them. James and Benjamin Outram disagreed and they appealed and in 1803 the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, Lord Ellenborough agreed with them. Ellen later married Reverend Henry Case who took the name Morewood. They both lived at Alfreton Hall for the next 30 years.
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MacFarlane, p.1 It was designed in an early English style with blue ironstone walls, and freestone dressing and reliefs. The nave was long, the chancel 17 x 15 feet and the entrance was through a tower with a spire.Church of the Good Shepherd, p.2 The foundation stone of "The new Episcopalian Church" or "The Reibey Church" was laid on 23 December 1868.
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Minyulite is a rare phosphate mineral with a chemical formula of KAl2(OH,F)(PO4)2·4(H2O). It occurs as groups of radiating fine fibrous crystals within rock cracks of phosphatic ironstone. Minyulite belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system. This indicates that it has three axes of unequal length yet all are perpendicular to each other. Its cell constants are a=9.35, b=9.74 c=5.52.
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In 1782 Alkerton had a public house, the White Lion. An elementary school was established in Alkerton as a National School, but it failed to attract as many children as it was intended to serve. In 1905 it was closed and its children were transferred to the larger National School in neighbouring Shenington. By 1959 the Oxfordshire Ironstone Company was a major owner of land around Alkerton.
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Stopham Bridge on the River Arun Stopham Bridge is a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled Monument. Despite much speculation over the construction date of this ironstone bridge, the correct date is believed to be c.1422-3. One span of the bridge was destroyed during the Civil War and replaced by a drawbridge. The bridge's central arch was modified in 1822 and bears this date.
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Bulga Downs Station is a pastoral lease that once operated as a sheep station but is now a cattle station located in the Mid West region of Western Australia. It is situated approximately to the south west of Leinster and south east of Mount Magnet. Bulga Downs consists primarily of sand-plain country with outcrops of granite and ironstone. It receives an annual average rainfall of .
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293 This escarpment divides the high, rocky, sparsely inhabited central plateau from the fertile lower land of the Meander Valley and the northern midlands. The edge of the tiers have prominent cliffs and columns of Jurassic dolerite. The highest peak in the tiers is the Ironstone Mountain. Unlike most of the bluffs this mountain is not visible from the Meander Valley, but is south of the escarpment.
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Madeley shown within Telford in Maroon. Madeley is situated in the southern part of the new town of Telford, to the north of Ironbridge and the River Severn. Coalport, a part of the parish of Madeley can be found to the west of the town, and the modern Telford Town Centre is north of the settlement. The local area has reserves of coal and ironstone.
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The church also consists of a tower made up of 4 stages and a gothic organ case. Built primarily from ironstone, granite was infused into the buildings structure during restoration work in the 19th century. The presence of the Pochin family is also noticeable within St Mary's church as a number of memorials of past family members can also be found around the Church.
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All Saints Church: The Anglican parish church is dedicated to All Saints and seats 100 people. It stands alone looking over parkland within the village. It was built with orange ironstone in the fourteenth century with the interior featuring a thirteenth century font and decorated with carvings that date throughout the churches history. The tower was added to the building in the fifteenth century.
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According to Margaret Dickins "the first cutting for ironstone was made in the field next to the station, between that and East End".Margaret Dickins, p.158. That description corresponds to the present-day Austins Way. Eric Tonks states that Margaret Dickins is "probably incorrect, operations in the 'Station Field' north of the road being started shortly after the workings southeast of the station".
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Tonks, p.74. Paul Ingham locates Station Field differently from Eric Tonks, referring to "Station Field (now called Austins Way). This was the site of the first commercial ironstone extraction in Hook Norton"Ingham, p.14. Whatever the sequence of opening, the 1900 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map shows that both the Austins Way area and the field north of the road were quarried.
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In 1917 a new company, the Oxfordshire Ironstone Company, was formed as a joint venture by Baldwin's Steel and Brymbo Steel. This company controlled operations at Hook Norton and also the quarries at Wroxton. After the Armistice in November 1918 there was a short-lived boom and plans were made to re-open the Partnership's Townsend Quarry. A tramway route was constructed but rails were never laid.
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Gunby and Stainby is a civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. According to the 2001 Census it had a population of 141, falling to 136 at the 2011 census. It includes the hamlets of Gunby and Stainby. The bridge at Stainby where the Ironstone trains passed under the railway For administrative purposes parish affairs are handled by the combined Colsterworth District parishes council.
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The soil was generally heavy clay and needed hard work. However other soils such as sandstone, ironstone and gravel were also to be found on the property and used to line wells and make roads. Soon after settlement the area was subject to many wet years followed by severe dry periods. Between 1900 and 1920 the major and record drought (1915) were punctuated by significant floods.
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The Ballochney Railway was an early railway built near Airdrie, Lanarkshire, now in Monklands, Scotland. It was intended primarily to carry minerals from coal and ironstone pits, and stone quarries, in the area immediately north and east of Airdrie, to market, predominantly over the adjoining Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway. Passengers were carried later. Trains were pulled by horses at first, although locomotives were employed later on.
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This ironstone was used extensively for construction of buildings in and outside of Moulton. Moulton's elevation lies at 400–600 ft above sea level and the nature of the soil means that it is relatively free of flooding and drains well without becoming too dry. The alluvial nature of the soil means that it is fertile and can be used to grow a wide range of plants.
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This coal debris was left in heaps and "crowded moist slack heat naturally, and kindle in the middle of these great heaps, often sets the coal works on fire" and that "Also from these sulphurous heaps, mixed with ironstone (for out of many of the same pits is gotten much ironstone or mine), the fires heating vast quantities of water, passing through these soughs or adits becometh as hot as the bath at Bath".Scrivenor quoting Dudley, Dudley describes two rival attempts to smelt iron with coal instigated by supporters of Parliament during the Civil War and the Interregnum. Dudley visited both sites and having examined their furnaces and production methods, when asked his opinion, informed the proprietors that they would fail. The first attempt was by Captain Buck, with the backing of many parliamentary officers including Oliver Cromwell, with technical help from Edward Dagney, an Italian.
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The oldest rocks in the quarry sequence, and so the lowest strata of rocks, are the ironstone beds which are part of the Northampton Sand Formation, a layer of rocks that outcrops along the length of the county, and is the source of much of the deep brown ironstone that is characteristic of churches and cottages in many Northamptonshire villages. The stone was laid down in shallow seas during a Biozone known as the Scissum Zone, early in the Aalenian Age, and lies within a wider rock group stretching from Dorset to Yorkshire, called the Inferior Oolite Group. ('Inferior' indicating it is below the Great Oolite Group). At Finedon Top Lodge the beds, which had not been used for building stone due to being too deep to access, were quarried by open cast mining for the iron content as the Northamptonshire iron and steel works grew up from the 1860s onwards.
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In the early days of mining at Iron Knob, ironstone was carted by oxen to Hummock Hill (renamed Whyalla in 1914). Approximately 300 tonnes (331 U.S. tons) was delivered in a good week. Construction of a private railway greatly increased transportation rates and by 1939, 9,000 tonnes (9921 U.S. tons) of ore was delivered daily to Whyalla by rail. Later trains carried 2000-tonne (2205 U.S. tons) loads.
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The formation also has local occurrences of pyroxenite and hornblendite. Further east, the recumbent folds of the Marampa Group overly granites and may contact the Rokel River Group at a fault. The Marampa Group formed 2.1 billion years ago, in the early Proterozoic and deformed 560 million years ago at the beginning of the Pan-African orogeny. The group includes ironstone, volcanic sediments and both mafic and felsic volcanic rocks.
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Nicholson reported an early bloomery on the island. The next record of ironstone on Raasay was by HB Woodward in 1893. Stead investigated the outcrop in 1909 and the subsequent analysis by Tatlock convinced Baird's to buy the island the following year (with completion in 1912). Baird's original plan was for a railway from the outcrop site down to just south of Suisnish point with the erection of five kilns.
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Pease in 1895. Henry Fell Pease (28 April 1838 – 6 December 1896) was a coal and ironstone mine-owner from North East England and a Liberal politician who represented Cleveland. Pease, a member of the prominent Quaker Pease family, was born at Middleton St. George, near Darlington, the eldest son of Henry Pease and his wife Anna Fell, daughter of Richard Fell of Uxbridge. He was educated privately.
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Tullimonstrum gregarium in a concretion from the Mazon Creek lagerstätten. The Mazon Creek fossil beds are a conservation ' found near Morris, in Grundy County, Illinois. The fossils are preserved in ironstone concretions, formed approximately in the mid-Pennsylvanian epoch of the Carboniferous period. These concretions frequently preserve both hard and soft tissues of animal and plant materials, as well as many soft-bodied organisms that do not normally fossilize.
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There is a fossil assemblage containing Cyclostigma and Archaeopteris and Archaeopteris hibernica.Beck 1981 Most of the county is principally limestone of the upper and lower group, corresponding with the rest of Ireland. A large area in the north and east contains beds of coal, surrounded by limestone strata, alternated with shale, argillaceous ironstone, and sandstone. This occurs eastward of the Nore around Castlecomer, along the border with Laois.
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"Young Richland singer Evancho steals show on 'America's Got Talent'", Pittsburgh Tribune, August 12, 2010); Tony Bennett (see Rasmussen, Jeff. "It was an Elegant Evening at Ironstone on Friday Night for Tony Bennett and Jackie Evancho!!" The Pinetree, September 3, 2012); Dmitry Hvorostovsky and Sumi Jo (see Micco, Cindy Cusic. "Jackie Evancho Performs in 'Bouquet of the Opera' Concert in Russia" , Pine-Richland Patch, June 20, 2012); and José Carreras (2013).
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Cape supergroup, C, immediately before it. The W indicates when the Witwatersrand supergroup was laid down, very much further in the past. The graph also indicates the period during which banded ironstone formations were formed on earth, indicative of an oxygen-free atmosphere. The earth's crust was wholly or partially molten during the Hadean Eon; the oldest rocks on earth are therefore less than 4000 million years old.
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The current building dates from about 1800 and the six gables at the front were added in 1938. It is built of local ironstone and has a Stonesfield Slate roof. The 17th century highwayman Claude Duval often stayed at the inn and is said to haunt the hotel. Room 3 in particular is said to have had many sightings of Duval and the hotel has been subject to paranormal investigations.
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At the 2011 census the population was 1,063. The village has an Anglican church dedicated to St John the Baptist plus an Evangelical non-denominational chapel "Kirdford chapel" and two pubs, The Foresters Arms and the Half Moon. Other amenities include a shop and the village hall which was enlarged in 1977. In the Middle Ages iron production using ironstone and charcoal, and forest glass making were important industries.
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It was a family home until the Second World War, when it was requisitioned by the War Office as a military hospital. Following the war, it was converted for use as a convalescent home for employees of the Corby steel works. Since 1992 it has been a home for people with Prader-Willi Syndrome. Manor Farmhouse, in High Street, is a good example of banded ironstone and limestone.
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As with many churches in this area it is built of ironstone and limestone ashlar. The aisles were added some time later and the limestone tower was built in the 16th century. Ornamental medieval corbels adorn each south window and the church has a north door. The church is on a prominence on the north side of the road through the village and that is apparently its downfall.
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The skeleton has largely been preserved three-dimensionally due to the ironstone, but some bones however, have been crushed. It was probably fossilized in articulation but got some time prior to the discovery dispersed by erosion and cattle. Ferrodraco is the only pterosaur fossil known from the Winton Formation, and in 2019, it was the most complete pterosaur ever found in Australia, a continent where such finds are rare.
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Paterson, Page 281 Ordnance Survey (OS) maps show that a sandstone quarry was located at Causewayfoot, overlooked by the old but now demolished dwelling at Selsy, with cottages and the farm of Causewayfoot standing nearby. A small ironstone pit was also present. The OS 6 in. of 1897, 1911, 1938 show a trapezoidal curling pond south-west of Kilbirnie Castle and records show that a match was played between Kilbirnie v.
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In 1851, large deposits of ironstone were discovered in Northamptonshire. The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) proposed a new railway line between Northampton and Market Harborough. The line was designed by George R. Stephenson (nephew of the Railway Pioneer George Stephenson) and George Parker Bidder, and was opened in 1859. The line includes two tunnels: Kelmarsh Tunnel, ; and Oxendon Tunnel on the Down line and on the Up line.
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The Grinstead Clay comprises mudstones and silty mudstones with siltstone, ironstone and shelly limestone. This member is lithologically similar to the older Wadhurst Clay and also has weathered red mottled clays at its top. The formation is up to 20m thick but is only present around the border of East Sussex and West Sussex. It can be further subdivided into the Lower Grinstead Clay and Upper Grinstead Clay.
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Between 1856 and 1926 high-grade magnetic ironstone was mined in Rosedale. A railway was built around the top of the dale to serve the mines, and kilns were built to process the ore. In two decades the population of the valley rose from 558 to nearly 3000. Poor-quality coal was mined in many places on the moors from the 18th century to the early 20th century.
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There are four farms in the village itself (Home Farm, Croftlands Farm, Broadwell House Farm and Hospital Farm) and several smallholdings. Other farms border the village. Broadwell is in the broad flat valley of the River Leam. The valley is bounded to the north by the Rugby ridge and Lawford Heath, to the south by a low range of upland which forms part of the Northamptonshire/Warwickshire ironstone hills.
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Sugar jar "Portman" pattern, 19th century W H Grindley was an English pottery company that made earthenware and ironstone tableware, including flow blue. The company was founded in 1880 by William Harry Grindley, JP (b. 1859) of Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent. The company was founded at the Newfield Pottery by Grindley and Alfred Meakin (connected to J. & G. Meakin company), but the partnership ended in 1884 and Grindley continued alone.
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The feuars, originally holding their land unenclosed, each received an enclosed piece of land in 1735, as was common at the time. The village of Torrance developed some time later. Although weavers were among the earliest residents of the village, limestone, coal and ironstone extraction also began to emerge as a local industry. For several years, the canal wharf at Hungryside was Torrance's main connection with the outside world.
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St Peter's is constructed in a mixture of limestone, greenstone and ironstone, with some red brick. The roofs are in lead and slate, and are topped by red ridge tiles. Its plan consists of a nave with north and south aisles and a south porch, a chancel and a west tower with a spire. The tower stands on a plinth and has diagonal buttresses and a single string course.
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The Byerley line eventually died out, but their name lives on in place names around the region, such as Byerley Park and Byerley Road. It is believed that King Charles I of England took refuge in Middridge Grange during the English Civil War. John Marley (geologist) was born at Middridge Grange in 1823. He made the commercial discovery of Cleveland ironstone which led to the industrial growth of Middlesbrough.
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Inkerman was a village in County Durham, England. It was situated a short distance to the north-west of Tow Law. Originated as a village of ironstone miners, it was built in 1854-1855 and named after the victorious Battle of Inkerman of the Crimean War, similarly to Balaclava, another County Durham village. In 1930s the mining in the area went into liquidation, and the village was demolished in 1938.
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Wormleighton manor is made from brick with regular coursed rubble ironstone and ashlar. The tiled roof has stone coped gable parapets in the Tudor style. Today the manor is far cry from its former glory, with only the north wing remaining. The original manor in its prime extended farther west and also southwards, but there is now no visible evidence of the size or shape of the original house.
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In 1859, Joseph Leidy reported two shark teeth and a dorsal fin spine left by three different kinds of shark from the Carboniferous of Kansas. These were the first vertebrate fossils in the state to be reported to the scientific literature. Later, in 1865, Judge E. P. West discovered a rich source of fossil plants in Ellsworth County. Each fossil was a leaf preserved in an individual ironstone concretion.
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A good example of this is pyritization. They are smaller in size and less likely to be deformed or metamorphosed than iron formations.Middleton, Gerard V. (and others), 2003, Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 124–125, 130–133, 159–160, 367–368, 376–384, 486–489, 555–557, 701–702 The term iron ball is occasionally used to describe an ironstone nodule.
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The main employer in Silverdale for well over 100 years was Silverdale Colliery, also known locally as Kent's Lane. The first shafts were sunk in the 1830s and the colliery initially mined ironstone as well as coal. The main user of both the minerals was the nearby Silverdale Forge. The colliery was completely rebuilt during the 1970s when three new drifts were sunk to exploit new reserves in the Keele area.
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It is now Station Hill with only the goods shed still standing. In the late 18th century the Ketley Canal was constructed to carry coal and ironstone from Oakengates to Ketley works. The canal has long since fallen into disuse and little trace of it can be found today. The first boat lift in Britain was an experimental one built at Oakengates in 1794 by Robert Weldon of Lichfield.
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The Waltham Iron Ore Company was formed in 1882 to work ironstone from fields near the village of Waltham on the Wolds. It was a subsidiary of the Staveley Coal and Iron Company. The company worked these fields for less than two years, before the deposits were exhausted. They then leased further fields near the village of Branston and began extracting ore there, starting in either 1884 or 1885.
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The Second World War saw a sharp rise in demand for iron and steel. This was followed by a steady decline in the years after the war, as cheap imported steel entered the British market. In 1949 further new sources of ironstone were needed and land was leased on the edge of the Belvoir Castle estate. A new tramway branch was laid to reach the High Leys pit.
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Locomotive No. 86 that ran on the Tramway until 1966, seen preserved at the Irchester Narrow Gauge Railway Museum The quarry face of Glebe Quarry, seen in 2006 The Wellingborough Tramway was an industrial narrow-gauge railway that connected a series of ironstone mines and quarries with the Midland Railway and later with the ironworks on the north side of Wellingborough. In various forms, the tramway operated between 1875 and 1966.
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Loftus has many facilities: Loftus Swimming Baths (where the swimming group, Loftus Dolphins, train), Loftus Youth Club, Loftus Army Cadets, Scouts, Cubs etc. It also has a fire station and part-time police station. Westfield House in Duncan Place is one of the largest private properties in Loftus. It was built in 1871 by the Pease family, who owned ironstone mines in the locality, for the then mine manager, Thomas Moore.
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The lower chancel and the nave are both from Norman times, built out of coursed boulder flint and ironstone with Caen dressings. In the chancel, outlines of a south window and a priest's doorway are visible, and a blocked north window is present in the nave. The west doorway dates from the 13th century. The chancel was lengthened circa 1300, and contains a mutilated two-light east window.
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The town shared in the prosperity of the Industrial Revolution through its proximity to the ironstone mines of the North York Moors. One of Teesside's leading ironfounders, Sir Joseph Whitwell Pease, chose as his country seat the Alfred Waterhouse-designed Gothic revival Hutton Hall at Hutton Lowcross, near Guisborough. It had its own station on the Middlesbrough–Guisborough branch of the North Eastern Railway, but this closed in 1964.
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There is a small industrial estate to the north of the village, where ironstone was mined from 1906-72 by James Pain Ltd, later becoming Stewarts & Lloyds then BSC Tubes Division. The brick terraced houses on the road to Thistleton were built for the workers. Access to the mine was by railway, which joined the Melton-Bourne railway at Pain's Sidings. More information is found at the Rutland Railway Museum.
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Bearpaw shale being excavated to recover ammonites for ammolite production. The formation was deposited in the Bearpaw Sea, which was part of the Western Interior Seaway that advanced and then retreated across the region during Campanian time. It is composed primarily of dark grey shales, claystones, silty claystones and siltstones, with subordinate silty sandstones. It also includes bedded and nodular concretions (both calcareous and ironstone concretions) and thin beds of bentonite.
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A. monticola has a scattered distribution from Western Australia eastwards through the Northern Territory to central western Queensland. It occurs on red sand, ironstone or lateritic soils in pindan, and on stony plains and rocky ridges. In northern Western Australia it is found in the Central Kimberley, Central Ranges, Dampierland, Gibson Desert, Great Sandy Desert, Little Sandy Desert, Northern Kimberley, Ord Victoria Plain, Pilbara and Tanami IBRA bioregions.
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Coal has been mined in and around the area of Thorpe Hesley for at least 800 years. Monks from the Cistercian Abbey of Kirkstead, in Lincolnshire, had forges and other property in this part of the country and mined coal and ironstone locally. Thorpe Hesley had the distinction of having three modern-day coal mines. Which were closed in the 1970s and 1980s and have been completely demolished.
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The Park Gate Iron and Steel Company was a British company that smelted iron ore and turned it into rolled steel and semi-finished casting products. Its works was at Parkgate, South Yorkshire on a triangular site bounded on two sides by the main road between Rotherham and Barnsley (A633) and the North Midland Railway main line between and . It also operated ironstone quarries in Northamptonshire and Leicestershire.
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It seems that these were operated by successive member of the Dawe family. Leveson had a bloomery by a pool in Lilleshall village. He also installed a blast furnace, one of the earliest in the West Midlands, possibly at Donnington Wood, near Wrockwardine, where both wood for charcoal burning and ironstone were available. This was also an area of coal mining, although coal was used for domestic heating rather than industrially.
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Strata order of Aire Valley geology The upper section between Malham and Skipton is largely upfaulted Carboniferous limestone. The middle section between Skipton and Knottingley is peat and gritstone, with steep valley walls crested with moorland prevalent between Skipton and Shipley. The sandstone deposits between Skipton and Leeds have characterised the buildings within this part of Airedale, whilst the deposits of Limestone, Coal, Fireclay and Ironstone fuelled industrial developments.
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Robertson was the son of ironstone miner Sam Robertson and his wife Elizabeth Neilson. He was one of a number of siblings including his brother Sam who was born at Rosewell on 4 April 1878. After retiring as a professional footballer, he decided to emigrate to the United States and in July 1905 he set sail on the Furnessia. He went to live and work in Benld, Macoupin County, Illinois.
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The middle layers form the sandstones of the high moors and the youngest layers of limestone form the tabular hills. In the dales where the rivers have cut through the younger rocks there are also exposures of older shales, ironstone and sandstone. Rosedale is an example of this. The Jurassic strata of Boulby Cliff During the Quaternary period, the last 2 million years, the area has experienced a sequence of glaciations.
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Oxfordshire includes parts of three Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In the north-west lie the Cotswolds, to the south and south-east are the open chalk hills of the North Wessex Downs and wooded hills of the Chilterns. The north of the county contains the ironstone of the Cherwell uplands. Long-distance walks within the county include the Ridgeway National Trail, Macmillan Way, Oxfordshire Way and the D’Arcy Dalton Way.
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The Duke of Rutland's Almshouse, also Grade II listed, was begun in 1590 and was a home for elderly local men called bedesmen (i. e. almoners), having once been a hospital. The building has two M-shaped roofs of differing pitches, both with concrete tiles dating from 1985. The Rectory, Grade II listed, is an ironstone and brick building dated 1708, enlarged in the 19th century and altered in 1988.
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On completion it became the coal-winding shaft, while the older Coity shaft was used for upcast air ventilation. In 1878, the main shaft was deepened to reach the Old Coal seam at . By 1908, Big Pit provided employment for 1,122 people, and by 1923 at peak, there were 1,399 men employed, producing: House Coal, Steam Coal, Ironstone and Fireclay; from the Horn, No. 2 Yard, Old Coal and Elled seams.
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Slawston bridge, at , is about south- east of Leicester and about one and a half miles down Slawston Road. The bridge is the abutments of a former railway bridge from which the span has been demolished. The bridge has become popular for rock climbing. As a climbing area it has of three types of rock; ironstone, gritstone and smooth blue engineers bricks, offering the best local climbing with some vertical heights.
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The Ironstone facility is located in Calaveras County, just outside Murphys, California. The seven-story building is built in the shape of a gold stamp mill. A 44 lbs troy (16.4 kg) gold specimen, Ironstone's Crown Jewel, the largest specimen of crystalline gold in existence, is on display in the Jewelry Shoppe. The Alhambra Theater Organ, taken from the Alhambra Theatre, is on display as well, and is played daily.
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There is a modern church, St Benedicts, Church of England, and shops including a small supermarket, estate agents, post office, pharmacy, optician. A pub, "The Ironstone", in Hunsbury Hill Road closed in 2012. The same site also has a health centre. In the car park of Hunsbury Hill Country Park there is now a small café called "The Drover's Return" named after the ancient Drover's Pathway which leads through the park.
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Constructed in limestone and ironstone rubble, the church has ashlar dressings. Its roofs are covered in lead, tiles and slates. The plan consists of a three-bay nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, and a south porch, a two-bay chancel at a lower level with a north vestry, and a west tower. The tower is in three stages separated by string courses, and has a splayed base.
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The bill was rejected in 1786 when it reached the House of Lords, following opposition by the Staffordshire and Worcestershire company, but they reduced their tolls for Stourbridge coal two years later. A healthy trade in coal, ironstone and limestone developed, supplemented by iron products, bricks, clay, earthenware and glass. A dividend of 2.45 per cent was paid in 1785, which had risen to 6.3 per cent by 1789.
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The Buayanyup River is a river in the South West region of Western Australia. The headwaters of the river rise in the Whicher Range and flow north crossing the Bussell Highway near Vasse before discharging into Geographe Bay near Abbey about west of Busselton. The river has three main tributaries of Dawson Gulley, Ironstone Gully and the other is not named. In total the river has a stream length of over .
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The seams are often oolitic, especially in the north of the district, but vary in constitution across the ore-field. The ooids (on average) comprise ~33% siderite, ~33% berthierine, and a similar proportion of ancillary minerals and demonstrate deformation whilst the sediment was still plastic. The origins of the ironstone seams have been the subject of much argument and counter-argument since their large scale exploitation commenced in the mid-1800s.
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To get the ironstone from the new quarries to the station, the Partnership's standard-gauge line was extended down the hillside where it passed under the north end of the B&CDR;'s viaduct. A tipping-dock here enabled ore to be tipped into standard-gauge wagons from a one-foot eight inch tramway above.Tonks, p.74. The tipping dock was known locally as the "tip-up" or "kick-up".
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British History Online. Retrieved 3 September 2018. In 1788 the Ketley Canal was completed; it brought coal and ironstone from Oakengates to the works.A P Baggs, D C Cox, Jessie McFall, P A Stamper and A J L Winchester, 'Ketley', in A History of the County of Shropshire: Volume 11, Telford, ed. G C Baugh and C R Elrington (London, 1985), pp. 266-269. British History Online. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
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It has a discontinuous distribution throughout an area of the Mid West region of Western Australia roughly centred around Wiluna where it is found on flats along creeks and river beds, breakaways and crests of low rises growing in loamy soils with ironstone gravel and stones or calcrete soils with laterite and quartz. Most of the population is found in the Murchison region around Mount Magnet, near Sandstone and Cue.
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The outbreak of the First World War saw a significant increase in demand for iron and steel to feed the munitions factories. A second locomotive, Joan, was obtained in 1915 and a third kiln built at an unknown date early in the war. Ironstone output rose to 5000 tons per week. More land was acquired to expand the Redlands quarry with the purchase of Whitehills Farm in 1916.
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Stainby Warren, near Gunby The only major road is the A151 Buckminster road which crosses the parish from west to east. The northern boundary lies some way north of, and very roughly parallel to this road. The parish extends a considerable distance to the west of the villages, as far as the Lincolnshire-Leicestershire border, which forms the western edge. Out here all is farmland, over former Ironstone workings.
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The Northampton Sand Formation, sometimes called the Northamptonshire Sand, is a Middle Jurassic geological formation which is placed within the Inferior Oolite Group.British Geological Survey 2002 Kettering England and Wales sheet 171, solid & drift geology. 1:50,000 (Keyworth, Nottingham: BGS) It was formerly worked extensively in Northamptonshire for its ironstone. The Northampton Sand Formation constitutes the lowest part of the Inferior Oolite Group and lies on the upper Lias clay.
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From then on, ore was tipped from narrow to standard gauge wagons at Scaldwell. The final ironstone pits in use were a mile and a half south-east of Scaldwell at New Grange Farm. These ceased working in December 1962 and the entire system was abandoned. The narrow gauge tramway and standard gauge branch were removed by 1964, and the remaining pits were landscaped and returned to agricultural use.
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The parish church of Spratton is dedicated to St Andrew and stands on Brixworth Road. Parts of the west wall of the church date from the Norman period, along with one of the windows in the church tower. The ecclesiastical parish is part of the diocese of Peterborough. The church, built from ironstone, stands on high ground in the centre of the village and has a tower with a spire.
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The Abbey retained the manor until it was forced to surrender all its properties to the Crown in the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538. Charwelton Manor House contains much early 16th century panelling, an early 17th-century fireplace and a late 17th-century staircase. It is an ironstone building of two storeys with a hipped roof. Its present façade of five bays was added probably early in the 18th century.
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This would give the Pesnell-produced album a double release of singles to support a concert tour featuring the two bands. Though both bands liked the concept of the album and tour, the arguments included who would be side A and side B and which of the two would headline the upcoming concert tour. The reformed John Kay and Steppenwolf line-up featured John Kay, Michael Palmer (guitars, backing vocals), Steve Palmer (drums, backing vocals), Danny Ironstone (keyboards, backing vocals), and Kurtis Teel on bass. The Palmer brothers had played in a group called Tall Water and had also been involved with Kay in his solo career playing live gigs in the late 1970s. Teel was replaced by Chad Peery and Ironstone by Brett Tuggle by 1981, and the new grouping released Live in London overseas. Tuggle was then displaced by Michael Wilk and a new studio album, Wolftracks, was released in 1982 on the small Attic (Nautilus in the U.S.) record label.
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In 1968, Wedgwood purchased many other Staffordshire potteries including Mason's Ironstone, Johnson Brothers, Royal Tuscan, William Adams & Sons, J. & G. Meakin and Crown Staffordshire. In 1979, Waterford Wedgwood purchased the Franciscan Ceramics division of Interpace in the United States. The Los Angeles plant closed in 1984 and production of the Franciscan brand was moved to Johnson Brothers in Britain. In 1986, Waterford Glass Group plc purchased Wedgwood plc, forming the company Waterford Wedgwood plc.
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The parish covered of mostly farmland on hilly ground. The underlying geology is the coal measures and sandstones of the South Yorkshire Coalfield. Tankersley ironstone occurs as thin seams and nodules of siderite in the mudstone above the Flockton Thick coal seam. The village (and parish) are made up of a number of distinct areas, Emley Woodhouse to the east, Warburton, Tyburn Hill to the south and Hag Hill to the south-east.
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Greatham parish church The undedicated small rectangular Church of England parish church is similar to Wiggonholt parish church, with which it often shared a priest in the Middle Ages. The rectangular single-room church has rubble ironstone walls which have mostly lancet windows and are probably 12th century. There is a slate-hung bell turret at the western end. Inside are an unusual double decker pulpit and a 17th-century altar rail.
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Peterken, G F, Trees and Shrubs, in Peterken & Welch, 1975, pp.87–92 An exception to all this is the northern end of the present wood, known as The Bedlams. This is not ancient wood, but a 19th-century conifer plantation, which was replanted in the 1950s with beech, Norway spruce, Western hemlock and Grand fir. Also, a re-instated open-cast ironstone quarry on the eastern side was planted with Corsican pine.
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The river flows through the western part of the Harridge Woods nature reserve. Mells River also powered the Old Ironstone Works and several other mills set up by James Fussell III in 1744. It is now a 0.25 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, as it is used by both Greater and Lesser Horseshoe Bats. Vobster Inn Bridge, which carries the lane over the Mells River, is dated 1764, and is Grade II listed.
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Sandstone for use as a building stone has been worked in the Upper Greensand, Hythe and Weald Clay formations. In the Weald, the Horsham Stone, Cuckfield Stone and Ardingly Sandstone have all been quarried for building purposes. Sand and crushed sandstone have been gained from within the Folkestone and Hythe formations for use as either aggregate or construction sand. Ironstone was worked historically in the Weald Clay Formation for the production of iron.
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Laburnum Cottage The buildings in the village show some similarity of age and building style commensurate with estate management. This can be seen in window frames and doors, the use of ironstone and brick building materials with limestone decoration. At the T junction to the west of the village, set upon a bank, is a terrace of six houses called Sykes Row. The red brick and tiled roof construction with decorative window arches are striking.
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Tulip Computers (which had acquired the Commodore brand name in 1997) licensed the rights to Ironstone Partners, which cooperated with DC Studios and Mammoth Toys in the development and marketing of the unit.The Commodore 64 bounces back to life as a Direct-To-TV plug and play Joystick! // GamesIndustry.biz QVC purchased the entire first production run of 250,000 units and sold 70,000 of them on the first day that they were offered.
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In the 19th century, J. & G. Meakin was known for the vast quantities of cheap ironstone china it produced for the domestic English market and for export to Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. From around 1970, designs included Liberty, Sterling, Trend, Classic and Heirloom. Some of these were influenced from earlier designs. The newer wares can be distinguished by backstamp markings such as 'permanent colours' , 'everlasting colour', or 'dishwasher proof'.
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Thomas Mycroft (28 March 1848 -- 31 August 1911) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire and MCC between 1877 and 1887. Mycroft was born in Brimington, Derbyshire, the son of George Mycroft and his second wife Elizabeth Lowcock. His father was an ironstone and coal miner who kept the Red Lion public house at Brimington.British Census 1861 Mycroft became an iron moulder.British Census 1881 He was playing cricket for Chesterfield in 1871.
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R. Soc. Vict., 53, 1-125. These include the underlying Silurian rock known as the Fyansford formation above which is the 15 m thick darker Beaumaris Sandstone, overlain by yellowish Red Bluff Sandstone, as outcrops in the cliffs, ferruginised, with hard ironstone in the upper sections, extending to the platform, and as small reefs parallel to the coastline. A thin calcareous sandstone is overlain by fine sandy marl and sandstone with calcareous concretions.
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A marshalling yard comprising nine long sidings was brought into use on 20 August 1940 to handle freight transfers; it was retained after the war to re-marshal ironstone trains from the East Midlands via , eventually closing on 6 July 1966. The yard had a large turntable and shunters' accommodation. On 18 June 1962 British Railways withdrew passenger services from the Fairford branch and closed Yarnton station. Demolition of the station buildings followed in .
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The majority of the residencies on Main Street are built of red brick or ironstone, with most houses containing ceiling beams inscribed with the house's date of construction. Despite significant rebuilding of Tur Langton from 1700 onwards, many houses contain ceiling beams which display a 17th-century origin. There is some social housing in Tur Langton, built in the 1930s and 1940s. Towards the west end of Main Street is Tur Langton's village hall.
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The black layers in the sequence contain microfossils that are 1.9 to 2.3 billion years in age. Stromatolite colonies of cyanobacteria that have converted to jasper are found in Ontario. The banded ironstone formation consists of alternating strata of iron oxide-rich layers interbedded with silica-rich zones. The iron oxides are typically hematite or magnetite with ilmenite, while the silicates are predominantly cryptocrystalline quartz as chert or jasper, along with some minor silicate minerals.
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The ironstone lies above this layer, holding about 32% iron. The Halifax coal beds lie about below the better bed. At the time the ironworks were developed recent technological advances had made it practical to smelt iron using coal rather than charcoal and to use steam engines to power the steps in production of iron goods. Most of the land occupied by the iron works was part of the Royds Hall estate.
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There is an information board about local sedimentary rock, with a display of small, loose stones for children to handle. These include ironstone, iron slag, gritstone, coal, sandstone and shale. The information board has a cross-section of Baildon Moor, showing the layers of different sedimentary rock and faults. Children who later walk or picnic on the moor across the road will see the large rocks, weathered to show faults and sedimentary layers.
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Micromyrtus papillosa is a plant species of the family Myrtaceae endemic to Western Australia. The erect or low and spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms between April and October producing white flowers. It is found on hills and scattered among rocky outcrops in a small area in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia near Dundas where it grows in sandy or clay soils over ironstone or granite.
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Elizabeth Stanhope, daughter of John Stanhope, 1st Baron Stanhope, around 1620 and inherited the estate in 1675. It is now listed as an historical archaeological site. The Tollemache family sold the Harrington estate in 1864, and it was ultimately purchased in 1913 by the Desborough Cooperative Society, which saw great possibilities in the development of ironstone working. A converted barn at Falls Farm in Harrington now houses a gin distillery, Warner Edwards Distillery.
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The prosperous industry which had sprung up around the new iron industry required vast numbers of largely unskilled workers to mine ironstone and work in the blast furnace plants. Coatbridge therefore became a popular destination for vast numbers of Irish (especially from County Donegal in Ulster) arriving in Scotland. The iron bars and plates produced in Coatbridge iron works were the raw materials needed throughout the British Empire for railways, construction, bridge building and shipbuilding.
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1785 through more recent times. Pearlware, ironstone, and various heavy stoneware - including American blue on grey - were collected throughout the township. Recovered glass artifacts included basal fragments of bottles bearing pre-1860 pontil scars, dark olive or "black" glass, canning jar fragments, and a considerable amount of the sun-colored amethyst glass characteristic of the period 1880-1914. Metallic artifacts include hand-wrought pieces, small iron chains, a boot scraper, and 19th century building hardware.
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Cann in the 1900s Thomas Henry Cann (14 June 1858-6 May 1924), often known as T. H. Cann, was a British trade unionist. Cann was born in Cornwall, where he became a tin miner. In search of work, he moved to Brotton in Yorkshire, where he mined ironstone, then to Michigan. However, he was concerned at the dangerous conditions there, and returned to Brotton, where he worked until the mine closed.
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From 1897 ore was sold to Brymbo (who paid 1/6 per ton) and taken to their Hook Norton calcining plant. Being a farmer, Henry Baker required that when the quarrymen removed the overburden, topsoil and subsoil were segregated and replaced in sequence when the ore had been removed. Other ironstone quarries did not take this care when replacing the overburden with the result that the restored ground was poor for agricultural use.
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The Joli Fou shale and Viking (Bow Island) sand, plus lower Colorado Group shales cover the Blaimore Group in southern Alberta. The Colorado Group (known locally as the Alberta Group) occupies the Cordilleran foothills with the 1700 foot thick Blackstone Formation near Nordegg, which holds silty and platy shales, together with the Cardium Formation marine sandstone and shales, and the Wapiabi Formation which reaches up to 2000 feet thick with mudstone, ironstone and ammonite fossils.
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Ironstone is an historic village, (today known mainly as South Uxbridge), in the township of Uxbridge, Massachusetts, United States. It derived its name from plentiful bog iron found here which helped Uxbridge to become a center for three iron forges in the town's earliest settlement. South Uxbridge has historic sites, picturesque weddings, hospitality, industrial and distribution centers, and the new Uxbridge High School. This community borders North Smithfield, and Burrillville, Rhode Island, and Millville, Massachusetts.
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The hills of the Navesink Highlands are composed of uplifted layers of hardened sands, mud, and gravel from the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The uplift of the Highlands is attributed to glacial rebound, although it is possible that other geologic processes are occurring. The current height of the hills is partly a consequence of their structure. The topmost geologic layer of the Highlands, the Cohansey Formation, is composed of sand, gravel, and erosion resistant ironstone.
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C. boulengeri, a small, shy tortoise, occurs at relatively low densities in the succulent and desert shrubland of the central Karoo. In its natural environment in the Great Karoo, it usually inhabits rocky outcrops and ridges of shale and ironstone. Here it hides in rock cracks and under ledges (rather than under vegetation, like many other tortoises). It has a very specialised diet (and therefore has a very poor survival rate in captivity).
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Twywell Gullet is a 17.1 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Kettering in Northamptonshire. It is part of the 54.6 hectare Twywell Hills and Dales nature reserve, which is managed by a partnership of the Woodland Trust and the Rockingham Forest Trust. The site is in turn a small part of the former royal hunting Rockingham Forest. Twywell Gullet is a former ironstone quarry which has deep cuttings with steeply sloping banks.
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Originally water meadows and agricultural fields straddling both sides of the River Nene, the site has been transformed significantly in recent history. The first such intervention was the construction of the Northampton to Peterborough Railway, which opened in 1845. During its construction, ironstone was discovered in the Nene Valley. Following the outbreak of World War I, in 1916, the Ebbw Vale Mining Company commenced operations, producing around 6000 tons of ore per week.
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In 1833, the surveyor Jacques noted the presence of iron ore in course of making a deviation of the Old South Road to the new town of Berrima. The deposit was located near a bridge (Ironstone Bridge) on what was later called Iron Mines Creek and was associated with carbonated chalybeate (iron- rich) mineral springs. Compared with contemporary English iron ore resources, the deposit was a rich one, with grades between 44% and 57% iron.
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In the 18th and 19th centuries Great Ayton was a centre for the industries of weaving, tanning, brewing, and tile making. Subsequently, whinstone for road surfacing was also quarried from the Cleveland Dyke along with ironstone, jet and alum from the Cleveland Hills. Great Ayton was home to the Great Ayton Friends' School (Quaker) from 1841 until it closed in 1997. The village serves as the base for Cleveland Mountain Rescue Team.
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The park consists of two sections, on either side of Twofold Bay and the town of Eden. The smaller northern section is bounded on its western border by the Princes Highway. The geology of this section is mainly sedimentary rock (ironstone and clay) laid down in the Paleogene, with some quartzite outcrops. The main attraction for tourists is the Pinnacles, a multicoloured erosion gully with white sands overlaid by rusty red clay.
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The soils are shallow and often overlie extensive sheets of laterite (ironstone) and a thick profile of strongly leached rocks. Mamukala During the wet season water carried down from the Arnhem Land plateau often overflows from creeks and rivers onto nearby floodplains. Alluvial soils carried in the floodwaters add nutrients to the floodplains. Nutrient-rich soils along with an abundance of water and sunlight make the floodplains an area of prolific plant and animal life.
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Rebuilt by new owners, the Brassey family in 1871; the house remained in their possession until 1926. From then until 1970, Heythrop Hall was a college for the philosophical and theological studies of Jesuit scholastics. During this period the house was altered and enlarged, not always in a style sympathetic to the original architectural concept. In 1926 two wings were added to the north front built of Hornton ironstone from north Oxfordshire.
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Mount Misery mallee is found on a hillside in a small area of the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia around Dandaragan where it grows in lateritic soils. The plant is part of a mallee heath community over low scrub, situated between large ironstone boulders. Other species found in the scrub include Eucalyptus arachnaea, E. gittinsii, E. pluricaulis, E. abdita, Hakea lissocarpha, H. obliqua, H. undulata, Calothamnus quadrifidus, Melaleuca radula, Acacia pulchella and Eremaea asterocarpa.
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Boulder opal consists of concretions and fracture fillings in a dark siliceous ironstone matrix. It is found sporadically in western Queensland, from Kynuna in the north, to Yowah and Koroit in the south. Its largest quantities are found around Jundah and Quilpie in South West Queensland. Australia also has opalized fossil remains, including dinosaur bones in New South WalesFirst dinosaur named in NSW in nearly a century after chance discovery ABC News, 5 December 2018.
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Twin buttresses were erected against the west wall around 1718 to alleviate concerns that the church could slip down the hill. The internal beams are original and the bells date from the 17th century. The church was constructed from a variety of materials; the nave incorporates clunch (a type of limestone), flint and ironstone, and the mouldings of the doors and windows are made from Reigate stone. The church has been important ecclesiastically.
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A timeline of the earth's geological history, with an emphasis on events in Southern Africa. The yellow block labeled C indicates when the Cape Supergroup was deposited, in relation to the Karoo Supergroup, K, immediately after it. The W indicates when the Witwatersrand Supergroup was laid down, very much further in the past. The graph also indicates the period during which banded ironstone formations were formed on earth, indicative of an oxygen-free atmosphere.
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Blaen Onneu limestone quarry A couple of major limestone quarries intrude upon the mountain. There is an active quarry at Trefil whilst that at Blaen Onneu in the northeast has not been worked since the 1980s. There are also a few small quarries for limestone which predate the larger workings. Some small scale mining of ironstone was also carried out near the head of Cwm Carneilw before the middle of the nineteenth century.
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The major activity up to the nineteenth century was agriculture. There were two cattle-fairs; the Thursday after New Year's Day, and 1 March. Ironstone is associated with coal deposits in Derbyshire, which outcropped in the Belper and Duffield areas. It is thought that these were what attracted the de Ferrars family to the area, and there are frequent references to iron-working in historical records, with a forge near to the present Baptist Chapel.
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The Ketley Canal was a tub boat canal that ran for about from Oakengates to Ketley works in Shropshire, England. The canal was built about 1788 and featured the first inclined plane in Britain. The main cargo of the canal was coal and ironstone (a form of iron ore). The inclined ceased to be used in 1816, when Ketley Works was closed, but the upper canal was not finally abandoned until the 1880s.
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The site of an Iron Age hill fort, dating from ca. 400BC, the area is now part of Hunsbury Hill Country Park. The area around was also extensively quarried for ironstone between 1880 and 1921 and a section of the railway used to transport the material remains in use for demonstration purposes together with a museum. Another park at the bottom of the hill near the motorway separates the housing development from The Counties Crematorium.
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The economy during the medieval period centred on agriculture. However, the presence of readily accessible and extensive deposits of coal and ironstone in the area meant that mining and iron-working grew in importance. In some parts of the manor, coal seams were so close to the surface they were often ploughed up, and numerous small workings developed. Pits developed throughout the Manor, with those in Swanwick and Alfreton being the most productive.
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Paracyclotosaurus davidi restoration The type species P. davidi is only known from one complete specimen recovered from Australia. It was discovered by quarry miners in a brick pit in St. Peters in Sydney, New South Wales. The discovery, made in 1910, was from a large ironstone nodule within Ashfield Shale which contained the nearly complete skeleton. The reconstruction was finished in July 1914, and was initially determined to be closely related to Cyclotosaurus.
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1, p.44.), John Wilson and Henry Lovatt on 19 April 1884.Tonks, p.73. The Banbury Guardian for 1 September 1884 (quoted in The Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway) reported: > At Bloxham and Hook Norton there is a very rich bed of iron ore, which has > been purchased by the Oxfordshire Ironstone Company, and a very large income > is expected to be derived from this source over the Banbury & Cheltenham > Direct Railway.
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The species was first formally described by the botanists Bruce Maslin and Carrie Buscumb in 2007 in the work Two new species of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) from banded ironstone ranges in the Midwest region of south-west Western Australia as published in the journal Nuytsia. The type specimen was collected by Maslin in June 2006. The species is named to honour the brothers Simon, Richard and Greg Woodman, who have been great assistance to Maslin.
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Retrieved 28 January 2010 Iron ore quarrying was a major industry in and around Wellingborough from the 1860s until the 1960s. James Rixon and Wiliam Ashwell opened a major ironworks on the north side of the town in 1870, supplied by the extensive ironstone quarries around Finedon to the east of the town. Three narrow gauge tramways served the iron ore industry, the Wellingborough Tramway, Neilson's Tramway and the Finedonhill Tramway. The Wellingborough Tramway served Rixon's ironworks until 1966.
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The route heads northeast into Colebrookdale Township and intersects Farmington Avenue as it passes through the residential community of Morysville. PA 562 enters the borough of Boyertown and crosses Ironstone Creek as it continues past homes on South Reading Avenue before it reaches its eastern terminus at PA 73 in the commercial downtown. North Reading Avenue continues past this intersection as State Route 2067, an unsigned quadrant route, to an interchange with PA 100 near New Berlinville.
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XXII 1872–73 pxxv In 1873–1876 his home was Brotton adjacent to Saltburn-by-the-Sea (and a place where there were only ironstone mines).Transactions North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers Vols. XXIII-XXVI 1873–77 pxxvii Whereas by 1877 his home was Glanmoor Villa, Uplands, Swansea.Transactions North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers Vol. XXVII 1877–78 pxxvii It is known that in 1912, his home was The Oaklands, Aberaman, Aberdare.
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The Victorian Gothic house was built in 1866 by Alfred Waterhouse for the quaker industrialist and member of parliament, Joseph Pease. Pease was involved in local ironstone mining and had bought a local estate in 1851. The house had an associated stable block and was set in of parkland, laid out by James Pulham and included a kitchen garden, an exotic fernery, shrubbery, waterfalls, streams and bridges. Hutton Gate railway station was built to serve Hutton Hall.
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The Folkestone Beds consist of seams of pebbles and sand. It is from here that the stone known as chert is found, familiar in the High Chart hills around Limpsfield, Surrey. In Surrey the Sandgate Beds and Bargate Beds, which lie on top of the Hythe Beds, have yielded a distinctive yellow stone seen in many local buildings. Ironstone, from layers embedded in the Sandgate Beds, is often seen in chips (gallets) pressed into the mortar between such stones.
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William Young Craig (May 1827 - 1924) was a mining engineer, colliery owner and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 to 1885. Craig was the son of John Craig of Burntisland, Fife, but was himself born at Haggerston, a village near Lindisfarne, Northumberland. He became a mining engineer and a coal and ironstone proprietor in North Staffordshire. He was president of the North Staffordshire Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers in 1879 and 1880.
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The Glasgow, Bothwell, Hamilton and Coatbridge Railway was a railway company in Scotland, built to serve coal and ironstone pits in the Hamilton and Bothwell areas, and convey the mineral to Glasgow and to ironworks in the Coatbridge area. It was allied to the North British Railway, and it opened in 1877. Passenger services followed. As a late competitor to the dominant Caledonian Railway, it was always secondary in the area, and the passenger service ceased by 1955.
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After the Romans conquered Britain, a large Roman villa was built over the older Iron Age oppidum. The first version of the Folkestone Roman Villa was built c. 75 AD, and consisted of one block built of tufa stone, with slate and ironstone foundations. Archeological evidence suggests that the villa may have been damaged by fire, but it was rebuilt in the second century on a more luxurious scale, this time using quarried and dressed greensand stone.
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After the closure of the mines, in 1962,Durham Mining Museum - Lingdale mine (ironstone) all the mine workers' houses became vacant and non-miners were able to live in them. As with the railway, little remains of the mine, most significantly the overgrown entrance to the mine. However, much of Lingdale's mining past disappeared with the demolition of the then very much run-down miners' houses. Today 1980s council houses stand on the sites of the mine workers' houses.
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Laminations in ironstone and pelite formations suggest that the mafic volcanic rocks deposited on the low energy slope of a volcanic plateau, away from wave action. Because of the enormous time distance from the Archean, exact interpretations are less reliable. In the late Proterozoic, the region was affected by the Wopmay orogeny. Along the edge of the Archean Slave Craton, a 1.1 kilometre thick wedge of carbonates formed the Rocknest Formation, which thins to the east.
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New rolling mills were also built to meet demand for iron plates in shipbuilding, supplied by slabs forged in the works. By 1867 there were about 4,000 employees. A description of the works at that time said In 1868 617,628 tons of Low Moor ironstone were raised, the peak production. In 1876 about 2,000 coal miners were employed in pits ranging in depth from in the surrounding townships of North Bierley, Tong, Bowling, Shelf, Wyke, Clifton, Hipperholme and Cleckheaton.
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Eidos Montréal started developing a new game in the Deus Ex franchise. In February 2007, Eidos Interactive acquired Rockpool Games, along with its two sister companies Ironstone Partners and SoGoPlay, and proceeded to close Rockpool Games in 2009. On 4 September 2007, the board of SCi Entertainment confirmed recent speculation that the company has been approached with a view to making an offer. On 10 January 2008, SCi announced take over and/or merger talks had been halted.
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Beneath the surface layer of unsorted glacial till are strata of sandstone and ironstone which weathering and erosion have exposed above the surface in areas. Deposits of coal are found east of Larbert.Bonar (1845) p345 Like much of the rest of southern Scotland, Larbert experiences a temperate, maritime climate with mild winters, cool summers and evenly distributed rainfall. The prevailing wind direction is south-westerly, which brings warm, wet and unstable air associated with the North Atlantic Drift.
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In 1858 ironstone deposits were discovered at Frodingham, a few miles east of the River Trent, where Keadby was located on the west side. The Trent, Ancholme and Grimsby Railway was sponsored by the MS&LR; and the SYR together to fill in the gap from Keadby to Barnetby. It was authorised in 1861, and required a bridge at Althorpe to cross the Trent. The line opened to goods on 1 May 1866 and passengers on 1 October 1866.
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A replica of a "Little Eaton Tramway" wagon This was the beginning of the ironworks, 'Benjamin Outram & Company' which began trading in 1790. The following year William Jessop and John Wright, a Nottingham banker, also became partners. Starting with a nominal capital of £6000, Outram was the only partner active in the management of the company, assisted by his younger brother, Joseph. Over time the business expanded to include a limestone quarry, limekilns, collieries and ironstone pits.
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Convolvulus angustissimus is a herb in the family Convolvulaceae. The perennial herb has twisted stems and typically grows to a height of . It blooms between January and December producing pink-white flowers. It is found on floodplains, along drainage lines and in winter wet depressions in areas along the coast of the South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in calcareous sandy loam to sandy- clay soils over ironstone.
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In 1869, the Stanton Ironworks took a lease on ironstone-rich land to the east of Wellingborough, near Finedonhill Farm. They began quarrying, initially carting the ore by road to sidings on the Midland Railway near the Wellingborough Loco Shed. In 1875, a gauge horse-hauled tramway was laid to connect the quarries with the sidings. The first pits were exhausted by 1884, and the tramway was extended north across Sidegate Lane to access new quarries.
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These later pits were also referred to as Tylorstown No.6 through No.9. However, later consolidation within the areas mining and pit complex eventually connected all nine of the mines. Hence the whole development was called Ferndale Colliery, from the completion of No.9 in 1907 by D. Davis & Sons Ltd. onwards. This allowed the complex to work the coal and ironstone of the: Two Feet Nine; Four Feet; Five Feet; Bute; Gellideg; Red; and Yard seams.
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Derbyshire played two first- class matches in their third year, both against Lancashire, and lost both. They also played a match against Nottinghamshire which they won having five additional players. Samuel Richardson was captain in his third season. The death of bowler Dove Gregory on 21 May at the age of 35 left a potential hole, but it was amply filled by William Mycroft' an ironstone miner and later publican, making his debut in the season.
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Archean rocks dominate much of the territory's surface and places with overlying rock. Greenstone belts are common together with migmatite gneiss, granodiorite, and quartz monzonite, on the Melville Peninsula and northern Baffin Island, as well as the southwest mainland. Lenses and bands of amphibolite, granitoid and metasedimentary rocks are common in these areas, along with less common ultramafic rocks. Gold and other base metals are widespread as mineralization in siliclastic, felsic, mafic and ironstone rocks of the greenstone belts.
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Holy Trinity Church in Weston Holy Trinity Church is the parish church for the village of Weston in Hertfordshire. The church building stands to the south- east of the village on high ground, and is built of flint and coursed ironstone rubble.Holy Trinity Church on the British History website It was Grade I listed in 1968.Holy Trinity, Weston on the British Listed Buildings website In the churchyard is the supposed grave of the giant Jack o'Legs.
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Some beds are up to 50 feet thick in the state. Prairie fires periodically light lignite on fire, including one fire that burned near Medora from 1951 until 1977, or over at 30 locations over a 7000-acre area close to Amidon. It is widely used as a road material and as ornamentation for gardens. Iron oxide, calcium carbonate and silica concretions frequently form nodules and concretions in the west, including siderite ironstone and petrified logs.
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Transfer-printed designs were applied to ironstone by Mason's in an attempt to copy Chinese porcelain cheaply. Transferware is most often in one colour against a white background, such as blue, red, green or brown. Some patterns included detail colours that were added on top of the main transfer after the glaze had been applied. Transferware designs range from dense patterns that cover the piece, to small motifs applied sparingly to give a delicate appearance, as with floral motifs.
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In 1701 he placed his brother in charge of another blast furnace, at Wombridge to which Isaac Hawkins supplied a large quantity of coal and ironstone, which suggests that they smelted iron with coke. Unfortunately, Coalbrookdale Furnace blew up, not later than April 1703, and Thomas died not long after. Coalbrookdale Furnace remained derelict until it was restored by Abraham Darby in 1709.P. W. King, 'Sir Clement Clerke and the Adoption of Coal in Metallurgy' Trans.
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Xanthic ferralsols of the Khorat and Udon series, characterized by a pale yellow to brown color, developed in midlands in processes still under investigation; as are those forming lowland soils resembling European brown soils.Lofjle, E.; Kubiniok, J. Landform development and bioturbation on the Khorat plateau, Northeast Thailand, Nat.Hist.Bull.Siam Soc. (56), 1996 In Australia vast areas formerly covered in rainforest have become so dry that oxisols have formed a hard ironstone cover upon which only skeletal soils can form.
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Joseph Toyn (28 September 1838 - 27 January 1924) was a British trade unionist. Born in Tattershall in Lincolnshire, Toyn worked as a bird-scarer on a farm from the age of six. After a variety of other farm work, when he was fourteen, he began working on a canal barge, then three years later became an ironstone miner in Cleveland. After some time, he was promoted to become an overman, but soon resigned to work underground again.
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Froghall is a village situated approximately ten miles to the east of Stoke- on-Trent and two miles north of Cheadle in Staffordshire, England. Population details as taken at the 2011 Census can be found under Kingsley. Froghall sits in the Churnet Valley, a beautiful and relatively unspoilt part of Staffordshire. There are some excellent and challenging walks in the area, many of which encompass the area's historic development by the coal, ironstone, copper and limestone industries.
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By 1953, Alford was dealing with 50-60 passenger and goods trains per day. These included ironstone trains from the High Dyke area of Lincoln (see Woolsthorpe- by-Colsterworth) to the Frodingham Ironworks, and coal trains from Colwick. The July 1922 timetable saw seven up and six down weekday services, plus one Sunday service each way, call at Alford. The station was closed to goods traffic on 2 May 1966 and to passengers on 5 October 1970.
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The partners had named their works—originally known as the Ironstone Bridge Ironworks— the Fitz Roy Iron Mine in his honour. Meanwhile, the partners went about trying to raise capital to allow operation on a larger scale. The prospectus the Fitz Roy Iron Mine Company was released in February 1849. Quarrying of ore, brickmaking and erecting a larger Catalan forge to smelt the iron were in progress, when Governor FitzRoy again made visit to the works in March 1850.
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By 1859 Grosmont had developed into a small town, with a Literary Institute and a National School. By 1861 three ironstone mines, Whitby Stone Co, Birtley Iron Co, and Mrs Clarks' mine, were extracting 30,000, 10,000 and 30,000 tons of ore respectively per annum. In 1862 Charles and Thomas Bagnall started an ironworks, 'Grosmont Works' and two blast furnaces were built by 1863. The furnaces were diameter, high, each with a production capacity of 250 tons per week.
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Plinthite (from the Greek plinthos, brick) is an iron-rich, humus-poor mixture of clay with quartz and other minerals. Plinthite is a redoximorphic feature in highly weathered soil. The product of pedogenesis, it commonly occurs as dark red redox concretions that usually form platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns. Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone hardpan or to irregular soil aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying, especially if it is also exposed to heat from the sun.
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The Hundred of Dudley () was proclaimed on 13 August 1874. It covers an area of principally on what is now the Dudley Peninsula and was named after the American jurist, Dudley Field who was the father-in-law of Governor Musgrave. Its extent includes the localities of American Beach, Antechamber Bay, Baudin Beach, Brown Beach, Cuttlefish Bay, Dudley East, Dudley West, Island Beach, Kangaroo Head, Ironstone, Pelican Lagoon, Penneshaw, Porky Flat, Sapphiretown, Willoughby and Willson River.
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Cast iron railings for St. Paul's Cathedral, now in the Victoria & Albert Museum. The Wealden iron industry was located in the Weald of south-eastern England. It was formerly an important industry, producing a large proportion of the bar iron made in England in the 16th century and most British cannon until about 1770. Ironmaking in the Weald used ironstone from various clay beds, and was fuelled by charcoal made from trees in the heavily wooded landscape.
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The Early Ruker orogeny was a mountain building event from 2.0 to 1.7 billion years ago in the Proterozoic and a key event in the assembly of Antarctica. Much of central Antarctica was added to the nucleus of the continent (in East Antarctica) during this time period. The event resulted in widespread formation of intra-cratonic miogeoclinal basins. Outcrops of rocks in the southern Prince Charles Mountains contain cross-bedded shale, sandstone, conglomerate, mudstone and ironstone.
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Market Street is the location of the Grade II listed Dr Fleming's House, which was once a terrace of women's almshouses built in ironstone and mainly rebuilt in brick in the late 18th century. A stone plaque over a door reads "Dr. Fleming's Hospital 1620". There are several Grade II listed properties in High Street, including the Thatched Restaurant, set back from the road in spacious grounds and the only remaining thatched building in the village.
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Glaucophane, crocidolite, riebeckite and arfvedsonite form a somewhat special group of alkali- amphiboles. The first two are blue fibrous minerals, with glaucophane occurring in blueschists and crocidolite (blue asbestos) in ironstone formations, both resulting from dynamo-metamorphic processes. The latter two are dark green minerals, which occur as original constituents of igneous rocks rich in sodium, such as nepheline-syenite and phonolite. Pargasite is a rare magnesium-rich amphibole with essential sodium, usually found in ultramafic rocks.
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"Solid" opal refers to polished stones consisting wholly of precious opal. Opals too thin to produce a "solid" may be combined with other materials to form attractive gems. An opal doublet consists of a relatively thin layer of precious opal, backed by a layer of dark-colored material, most commonly ironstone, dark or black common opal (potch), onyx, or obsidian. The darker backing emphasizes the play of color and results in a more attractive display than a lighter potch.
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Built using ironstone, limestone and red brick, It dates from the 13th century although it was almost completely rebuilt in 1900. It retains its 13th-century font. Thorganby Hall is a Grade II listed small country house, built of limestone and red brick in 1648 with early 19th-century additions. It was built to replace an earlier Hall which was the seat of the Willoughby family, plundered by the Roundheads during the English Civil War in 1643.
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The ironstone of Cockatoo Island was known to pearl luggers in the 1880s, who used it as ballast on their voyages. The Broken Hill Proprietary Company first acquired leases to the island's mineral deposits in 1928, via the company's subsidiary, Australian Iron and Steel Ltd. The island was first surveyed in 1930, then again more comprehensively in 1936. The island was evacuated with the outbreak of World War II and work on the deposit did not resume until 1944.
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The town of Forth is thought to take its name from the meaning "the open air". The town itself is first mentioned in a great seal charter of 1599. The first jobs available in the town of Forth were thought to be handloom weavers who, after an increase in the towns capacity to 170, were replaced by different trades such as ironstone, limestone and coalminers. The latter trades contribute to why it is known as a mining village.
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Elisha Southwick was a direct descendant of Lawrence Southwick and Cassandra Southwick who, because of their Quaker beliefs, were banished from Salem, Massachusetts by the Puritans in 1659. Elisha Southwick's father, Royal, was a tanner and a preacher of the Society of Friends or Quakers. His brother Royal Southwick was a successful businessman in Lowell, Massachusetts, and a prominent member of the Whig Party. His brother Jonathan F. ran a tanning and currying business in Ironstone, Massachusetts (South Uxbridge).
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Mining of coal began before 1322, and the extraction of ironstone had begun by 1540. The town played a role in the English Civil War, as it was home to a garrison of Royalist soldiers in 1645, although this post was abandoned after the fall of Shrewsbury. Two months later, Parliamentary forces occupied the parish church. Madeley is also home to a barn in which King Charles II hid after the Battle of Worcester in 1651.
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In 1841 the next section was opened, from Jerviston to Overton (now spelt Overtown). Continuing south from Jerviston and crossing the Clyde, the line turned south-east at Motherwell Junction, a little distance south-east of the present-day station there; from there the line formed the route of the present West Coast Main Line, serving coal and ironstone pits and clay pits and reaching Coltness Colliery, which was in the area between the bridges at Pather and Overtown.
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Soils derived from extensive sandplains or ironstone are even less fertile, nearly devoid of soluble phosphate and deficient in zinc, copper, molybdenum and sometimes potassium and calcium. The infertility of most of the soils has required heavy application by farmers of fertilisers. These have resulted in damage to invertebrate and bacterial populations. The grazing and use of hoofed mammals and, later, heavy machinery through the years have resulted in compaction of soils and great damage to the fragile soils.
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The monument at Eston Nab (2006) The Beacon at Eston Nab (1907) The monument is in the form of a pillar made of sandstone bricks. It was originally built as a lookout tower and beacon to warn of invasion during the Napoleonic Wars in the early 19th century. With the advent of ironstone mining in Eston Hills, the beacon was used as a house and survived until 1956. It was then demolished and later rebuilt into its present form.
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The Brendon Hills are largely formed from the Morte Slates, a thick faulted and folded sequence of Devonian age sedimentary rocks. An east-west aligned anticline/syncline pair known as the Brendon Anticline and Brendon Syncline folds these rocks. The fold couplet is itself offset by displacement of the rocks on the NNW-SSE aligned Timberscombe Fault System. Over the centuries they have been mined for minerals, notably ironstone from which iron is extracted for making steel.
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A species of Acacia, growing as a woody shrub that is straggly in habit. Associated with banded iron formation, the species is found on rocky inclines growing in silty red-brown clay containing pebbles of ironstone or shale. The phyllodes of Acacia karina exhibit hairs closely pressed to the nerve of its structure. Identified from material obtained near Morawa, the known distribution range is the Yalgoo and Perenjori districts of the Eremaean Province in Western Australia.
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This substrate allows the percolation of water in poorly-drained stream headways. The hanging swamps are formed via groundwater that seeps through permeable sandstone layers, which then as a consequence of the rock composition, is trapped by layers of claystone, ironstone and shale, and proceeds to be channelled to the surface. This process initiates a path of constant moisture, allowing hanging swamps to form peat in an anaerobic environment. The process of thick peat formation takes millennia.
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The Shrewsbury and Chester Railway in 1849 The North Wales Mineral Railway was formed to carry coal and ironstone from the mineral-bearing area around Wrexham to the River Dee wharves. It was extended to run from Shrewsbury and formed part of a main line trunk route, under the title The Shrewsbury and Chester Railway. It opened in 1846 from Chester to Ruabon, and in 1848 from Ruabon to Shrewsbury. It later merged with the Great Western Railway.
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The first construction of a recognisable railway along this route was in 1858 when The Ingleby Ironstone & Freestone Mining Company constructed a narrow gauge line to link existing mining operations with the North Yorkshire and Cleveland Railway at Battersby (then known as Ingleby Junction). Because of the difference in height between the junction at Battersby railway station and the moorland location of the workings, a steep 1 in 5 (20%) incline was located at Ingleby, where trucks would be hauled up the slope to a height of above sea level using the weight of descending full wagons. The length of the incline was and the wagons descended at an average speed of which resulted in a journey time of 3 minutes from top to bottom. When the NY&CR; had been absorbed into the NER, the NER decided to convert the line to standard gauge operations and extend the track from the top of the incline to mine workings at Rosedale run by the Rosedale Ironstone Mining Company, whom the NER had interests in.
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Statue commemorating the Shotts metal workers Shotts Iron Works was established in 1801. The ample supply of coal, ironstone and lime in the Shotts area provided the raw ingredients required to produce pig iron. The iron works and associated extraction of raw materials was the main source of industry in Shotts for a period of over 150 years. Annual output of pig iron at Shotts reached a peak of 75,000 tons with a worldwide reputation for excellence of its foundry castings.
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The fossils, housed in the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, were dissolved from the ironstone and embedded into a bioplastic for study. After embedding, the fossils were acid peeled by paleobotanists Rudolph Serbet and Gar W. Rothwell for study in thin section slides. Serbert and Rothell published the description of W. oroszii in a 2006 article. The specific epithet "oroszii" is a patronym honoring s Alfred Orosz, paleontologist for the Royal Tyrrell Museum, and discoverer of the species type locality.
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Keith Laybourn, Alexander Macdonald in A T Lane, Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders; Greenwood 1995 p. 596 Macdonald's education at Glasgow enabled him to become a teacher Lewis, DNB and he opened his own school in 1851. However, after four years he decided to concentrate his efforts in improving the pay and conditions of mine workers. In 1855 Macdonald formed a unified Scottish coal and ironstone miners’ association and the following year the organisation fought a severe cut in wages.
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Claxby, or Claxby by Normanby, is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 221. It is situated approximately north from the town of Market Rasen and south from the town of Caistor. The parish church is dedicated to Saint Mary and is a Grade I listed building, built of ironstone, dating from the 13th century and restored in 1871 by James Fowler of Louth.
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Increasing iron ore demand, coupled with the depletion of high-grade hematite ores in the United States, after World War II led to development of lower-grade iron ore sources, principally the utilization of magnetite and taconite. Iron ore mining methods vary by the type of ore being mined. There are four main types of iron ore deposits worked currently, depending on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits. These are magnetite, titanomagnetite, massive hematite and pisolitic ironstone deposits.
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The Caldon Canal runs with the river through the Churnet Valley and along parts the river is canalised. There was intensive freight traffic on the waterway transporting limestone and ironstone from the wharves on the canal. Today the only industrial use of the river is by the sand quarry at Oakamoor. Since the decline of industry in Leek and the Churnet Valley, the quality of the water has improved so much that a programme of re-introducing salmon is underway.
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As well as statuettes, Nielsen produced ceramic wares in a wide range of shapes and monochrome glazes including celadon, ironstone and oxblood glaze. These pots are decorated with figures, mainly in relief but also engraved or painted, generally representing Biblical subjects. According to Ulla Grut "The resulting figures, for example 'The Potter', have a vigour of modelling and monumental effect that overrides the boundary between painting and sculpture." Jais Nielsen decorated some of the Danish bookbinder August Sandgren's vellum bindings in water colour.
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On 24 August 1953, 15 men were critically injured in a horrifying gas explosion in the south-west dips district of Lingdale Ironstone Mine. During the days that followed, eight men died due to shock and the severity of their burns. An hour and a half after the start of the morning shift there was an ignition of gas in the mine and several miners were badly burned. They were working about from the pithead when the explosion occurred and were underground.
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The sough discharged iron-rich minewater into the Yellow Brook in Bottling Wood, discolouring it, and the River Douglas downstream, with ochre deposits. Water infiltrated the pits by percolating through the overlying porous rock strata containing bands of ironstone, not via the shafts. After heavy rain in December 1929, 561,600 gallons of water drained from the sough into the brook at a rate of 290 gallons per minute. In 1978 the rate was 352 gallons per minute, more than 500,000 gallons per day.
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Archaeologists believe that the area itself was mined as long ago as Roman times. Holditch Colliery, also known as Brymbo Colliery, opened in 1912, and was one of a number of coal mines in Staffordshire. It was located around two miles north west of Newcastle-under-Lyme. Formerly the main employer in Chesterton, the colliery employed 1,500 men and mined ironstone in addition to coal. With varying amounts of coal coming out of the colliery per year, in 1947 it hit 400,000 tonnes.
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The impetus for the development of Grangetown was the discovery of ironstone in the Eston Hills in 1840, and the subsequent development of the iron and steel industry along the riverbanks by Messrs. Bolckow and Vaughan. By 1914, it was community of approximately 5,500 people with the majority of the houses lying between Bolckow Road and the steel works. There was a market square, shopping centre, boarding school, three pubs, six places of worship, a police station and public bathhouse.
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The ecclesiastical parish is Denton, part of The Harlaxton Group of the Deanery of Grantham. The 2013 incumbent is the Rev'd Keith Hanson. The nearest non-conformist church is the Methodist chapel at Ab Kettleby. The village public house, the Welby Arms, is an early 19th-century building constructed of coursed ironstone rubble, with the side walls of red brick, and although a number of alterations were made in the 20th century, it has been Grade II listed since 1979.
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Ammonite fossil at Port Mulgrave The geology of the cliffs is Whitby Mudstone Formation (alum shale) and Cleveland Ironstone Formation with traces of Jet in the shale. The official access route to the beach is down a steep path leading to a wooden ladder. The whole area is subject to coastal erosion, landslips and path closures. Ammonite, dinosaur and reptile fossils can be found on the foreshore and in the cliffs and because of this it is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
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Over recent years Brotton has become somewhat isolated because of a bypass which was opened in stages between 1998 and 2001 connecting the villages of Skelton-in-Cleveland and Carlin How. The discovery of ironstone brought major changes to the village and a large increase in the population. The majority of former miners' homes are found in the 'Brickyard' and 'the Park' areas of the village. Lumpsey Mine, the largest of the Brotton mines, opened in the 1880s and closed in 1954.
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It is native to an area in the Mid West, northern Wheatbelt and Goldfields regions of Western Australia. The bulk of the population is found from around Cue and Mount Magnet in the north down to around Koorda in the south and to around Morawa in the west. An isolated population is also known further north around Meekatharra. It is often situated on slopes and hill crests usually over granite or occasionally ironstone as a part of Acacia woodland or shrubland communities.
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In 1850 ironstone was discovered by John Marley of Bolckow and Vaughan in the Eston Hills, outliers of the Cleveland Hills, leading to mining on a large scale and the rapid growth of nearby Middlesbrough. By the 1870s industry would be producing steel in vast amounts, and mining for coal, alum, jet, cement stone concretions, shale and potash from the hills, as well as employing sandstone and limestone quarries to gather raw materials. Many of the mines and quarries are still evident today.
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Land on the eastern side of Sewstern was quarried for ironstone between 1937 and 1968 on a rolling opencast basis, with the fields returned to agricultural use within a season. The result can be seen in the landscape, with the fields in the quarried area, and also Back Lane, lying some 7 to 15 feet below the level of other roads. There is a small war memorial at the west end of the village, and another inside Holy Trinity Church.
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Bucketty is a locality in the City of Cessnock local government area (LGA), in New South Wales, Australia. It is in the south of the LGA, immediately adjacent to the border with the City of Hawkesbury and Central Coast Council, in the Hunter Region, about north of Sydney, and from Cessnock, New South Wales, the council seat. Bucketty is presumably the Aboriginal word for mountain spring. Bucketty is situated on a ridge of ironstone hills separating Yengo National Park from the Central Coast.
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Naletale (or Nalatale) are ruins located about 25 kilometres east of Shangani in Matabeleland north, Zimbabwe and just north of the Dhlo Dhlo ruins. Natelae wall The ruins are attributed to the Kalanga Torwa State and are thought to date from the seventeenth century. The primary monument at the site is a colossal wall constructed from stone masonry. It is highly decorated, featuring all of the designs of the Zimbabwe architectural tradition: chevrons, herringbone, chequers, cords, and ironstone colored bands.
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Land had been sold to them by the Morewoods but Ellen believed that she still had the rights to the coal and ironstone beneath them. James and Benjamin Outram disagreed and they appealed and in 1803 the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, Lord Ellenborough agreed with them. In 1803 he had a son, James Outram, who became a general in the Indian Army and was later knighted. He died of a "brain fever" (stroke) while visiting London in 1805.
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Remnants of the quarrying of limestone, sandstone and ironstone can be seen on the hills to the east of the village as well as the line of the tramway that connected them to the lime kilns. The tramway was not used after 1890. The remains of those Lime Kilns to the west of the village are designated a scheduled ancient monument. There had been a chapel dedicated to St Margaret built around 1300, but this disappeared at the time of the reformation.
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The topography of Coatbridge was an important feature in the town's development during the industrial revolution. Coatbridge rests 60 metres below the 'Slamannan plateau' and neighbouring Airdrie sits on its edge. The low-lying flat ground of Coatbridge was a vital factor in the siting of the town's blast furnaces and the Monkland Canal route. Although Airdrie was an already established town and had local supplies of ironstone, the Monkland Canal link did not extend into Airdrie because of its higher elevation.
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The parish except for its far north, yielding sedimentary ironstone, is on the Wealden Clay and was until the 16th century forested, rather than interspersed with six woodlands as it is today. Hornecourt Wood by the northern border is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. At the opposite end of the parish, Home Wood also occupies approximately 5% of the land. Elevations vary from 115m to 48m above sea level and the parish has several sources of the River Eden, Kent.
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Allom Lovell 2000, 8 Gold mining had commenced at Mount Morgan in 1882 (32 km south west of Rockhampton) when Fred Morgan and his five brothers pegged a claim at Ironstone Mountain. Mining at Mount Morgan in 1882 was originally to recover gold, but considerable quantities of silver and copper were also discovered. The Morgans had sold all shares in the Mount Morgan Mine by 1886 to the remaining partners of the original syndicate, Thomas Skarrat Hall, William Knox D'arcy and William Pattison.
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The remains of a kiln that produced high quality window glass in the 17th century have been uncovered at Tanlands Copse. Competing for firewood with glassmakers were the ironmasters, using continental technology in the Tudor and Stuart periods, to smelt iron from locally dug ironstone in water powered blast furnaces. The streams fed by springs on Blackdown were dammed to drive waterwheels which worked large twin bellows. Other waterwheels drove large forge hammers which converted the pig iron into wrought iron.
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The pond in the centre of Hartington Hartington is a village in the centre of the White Peak area of the Derbyshire Peak District, England, lying on the River Dove which is the Staffordshire border. According to the 2001 census, the parish of Hartington Town Quarter, which also includes Pilsbury, had a population of 345 reducing to 332 at the 2011 Census. Formerly known for cheese-making and the mining of ironstone, limestone and lead, the village is now popular with tourists.
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There is evidence of ancient human occupation of the area around Hope. Mesolithic implements were found by a footpath at Win Hill. A sandstone or ironstone Neolithic axe was found near Hope before 1877 and is now held in the collection at Bolton Museum. The village is close to the Mam Tor hillfort in the adjacent parsh of Castleton and human remains and Bronze Age urns were found along with a possible barrow close to the summit of Lose Hill.
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From Tuckton Bridge, the two main sections of the harbour shore are Wick and Hengistbury Head, which are in Southbourne a suburb of Bournemouth. The harbour proper begins around Wick Fields, a reed marsh and part of the area of importance for nature conservation. The Hengistbury Head Activities Centre is situated on the shore just before Barn Bight. Hengistbury Head on the south shore was threatened during the nineteenth century by the mining of ironstone doggers which dramatically increased erosion.
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The village is somewhat unusual in Leicestershire. Its buildings reflect the traditions of neighbouring Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire, as well as local influences, as local materials, initially locally quarried ironstone, but latterly local bricks and distinctive roofing tiles. There are several open areas within the village, notably an area to the north-east of the churchyard, the churchyard itself, and an area of trees to the south of Devon Lane. Trees play a significant part in the street scene in most of Bottesford.
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The tower is Anglo-Saxon, and the 19th-century restoration is in Early English style. The church is constructed in local limestone and ironstone, the roofs being a mixture of clay tiles and Welsh slate. Its plan consists of a two-bay nave with north and south aisles, a small south transept, a chancel in the form of an apse, and a central tower at the crossing between the nave and the chancel. The tower is in three stages with a plain parapet.
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" J. Allbut, The Staffordshire Potteries (1802) "TUNSTALL is a considerable village within the township of Tunstall Court, a liberty in the parish of Woolstanton, four miles from Newcastle, pleasantly situated on an eminence, deriving its name from the Saxon word, tun or ton, a town, and stall, an elevated place, seat or station." "In this township abounds coal, ironstone, marl and fine cannel coal; and the manufactories of earthenware are very extensive here." 1828 journal "Tunstall.-- town with ry. sta.
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Waltham-on-the-Wolds former railway station buildingThe Waltham on the WoldsWaltham on the Wolds is the local spelling; some railway sources including Leleux's cartographer omit the final "s" and the index in Leleux calls it Walton-on-the-Wolds. branch line was opened by the GNR from Scalford on 5 April 1883 to serve an ironstone area. The branch was extended to Eaton in 1884. A branch to Eastwell was opened from the Eaton branch in 1885, but it was never used.
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Another short spur was provided at Melton Mowbray, in this case as part of the joint mileage. The spur, known as Sysonby junction, connected with the Midland Railway, and was probably built in 1879. However, it appears to have seen little use and was severed on 31 October 1882; it was then brought back into service on 16 April 1883 for Midland ironstone traffic but closed completely on 18 April 1887. The GNR Marefield – Leicester line was opened on 15 May 1882.
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Seams of the Cleveland Ironstone formation well exposed on the coast at Jet Wyke. The Avicula seam forms the rock platform. Above it come the Raisdale, Two Foot, Pecten (5 thin bands) and Main seams Formerly classified as part of the Middle Lias, these strata were deposited over a period of about 2 million years, as soft sediment on the floor of a shallow arm of the ancient Tethys Ocean, between c.185 million and 183 million years before present.
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From here two vertical shafts were constructed, with coal and iron ore descending and limestone ascending in crates. Because the bulk of the transfers were from the canal to the tramway, and limestone was lighter by volume than ironstone, the system was self-powered. Expenditure on the apparatus was £2,742, and the system was operational by 4 October 1792. The shafts and tunnel belonged to the Dale Company, and the Shropshire Canal decided not to take them over when they were completed.
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In 1909 there was a major expansion when Brymbo was able to purchase the land and property of the bankrupt Hook Norton Ironstone Partnership. This included the area known as "Redlands" north of the works on the far side of the B&CDR.; A new tramway route was built, passing under an existing bridge carrying the B&CDR.; With the opening of the Redlands quarry, shipments of ore to Wrexham consisted of 50% Park Farm ore and 50% Redlands and Bakers.
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In 1796-97, a battery was built on high ground behind the point at a location capable of defending the point batteries. A few years later, the battery was converted to a large round stone tower known as the Prince of Wales Tower, similar to the Martello Towers built in large numbers elsewhere by the British military. The Prince of Wales Tower is 26 feet high and is 72 feet in diameter. The exposed material is ironstone rubble masonry, with walls.
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Ironstone is quarried at Pitsford and was formerly transported by rail; the railway line is now part of the preserved Northampton & Lamport Railway which has its headquarters at Pitsford and Brampton railway station. From 1925 to 1965 the quarrying was to obtain iron ore. It began to the south of the road from the A508 to Pitsford and Brampton Station and worked its way eastward to the A508. From 1959 the quarry was on the east side of the A508.
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The Alloa Coal Company was founded as a partnership in 1835 between William Mitchell, John Moubray, John Craich and David Ramsay. The partners obtained a lease to mine coal and ironstone on the lands of the Earl of Mar in Clackmannanshire. In the 1840s, Alloa coal was exported to Canada by the Ben Line in which Mitchell was a partner; the ships returned with Canadian timber. The partnership was later managed by William Mitchell's sons Andrew and Alexander and had pits in Clackmannanshire, Stirlingshire, Fife and Perthshire.
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John and William Darwin & Co. of Sheffield opened the first furnace at Elsecar Ironworks (at the bottom of Forge Lane) in 1795. In 1799 another ironworks was founded at Milton by Walkers of Masborough, less than a mile to the west of Elsecar. These came under the ownership of the Fitzwilliam family after their respective companies collapsed. In 1838 a horse-drawn tramroad was constructed to link Dearne and Dove Canal with the Milton Ironworks, Tankersley Park ironstone mines, Lidgett Colliery and the Thorncliffe Ironworks at Chapeltown.
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The oldest Precambrian rocks in Tanzania form the stable continental crust of the Tanzania Craton and date to the Archean more than 2.5 billion years ago. The craton includes the vestiges of two Archean orogenic belts, the Dodoman Belt in central Tanzania, and the Nyanzian-Kavirondian in the north. The remains of these two belts produce lenses of sedimentary and volcanic rocks within granites and migmatite. The Dodoman Belt stretches for 480 kilometers, broadening westward and is composed of banded quartzites, aplite, sericitic schist, pegmatite and ironstone.
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Four 0-6-0 and two 0-4-0 saddle tanks have been positively identified, and there was a locomotive named Swansea, the identity of which is less certain. There were three sales of plant and equipment in 1897 and 1898, at which eight locomotives were listed, so it is possible that some were offered for sale more than once. One locomotive, named Cantreff was definitely auctioned at the final sale on 2 September 1898 and subsequently worked in the Northamptonshire ironstone industry until 1962.
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In the late 1870s Bradford Council purchased large areas of land for the park, including part of the former grounds of Bolling Hall, Bradford. Earlier in the 19th century part of this land had been mined for coal and ironstone. In 1878 competitive plans were invited for the design of the park and later that year the plans by Kershaw and Hepworth of Brighouse were accepted. The park was created between the years 1878 and 1880 and subsequently opened in 1880 by Angus Holden.
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The two biggest mines in town, Black Flag and Ladee Bountiful, closed down between 1906 and 1907 and the town was abandoned shortly afterwards. The name of the town is thought to originate from a flag that had been hung up to indicate that a store was open for business. However, Norman Sligo, in his book Mates and Gold, suggests that the name was because of the "hills and flats being coated with black ironstone wash". The remains of the townsite are within the Credo Station leasehold.
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The Southern Fleurieu region is located on the Fleurieu Peninsula and the portion of the Mount Lofty Ranges extending north east from the peninsula to Willunga in the west and Ashbourne in the east. The area's sandy loam and gravel based ironstone soil supports Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Riesling and Viognier plantings. Shiraz, Sauvignon blanc, MerlotHalliday, 2008, page 674 and Primitivo are also planted at Nangkita near Mount Compass.Halliday, 2009, page 675 The term ‘Southern Fleurieu’ was registered as an AGI on 6 June 2001.
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The ruins consist of walls outlining a small five-sided building and a 150-metre wall with ditches, both made with flat-surfaced ironstone slate rocks on the slope of a hill overlooking the Bayers Lake Park. The mysterious ruins pose many unanswered questions for archaeologists. The most simple and humble explanation suggests a sheep pen, but some envision a military purpose, either a training installation or a defensive work. The walls are a protected archaeological site designated under Nova Scotia's Special Places Act.
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This continuity in the mudstone was what allowed them to infer that each bonebed was actually a component of a single large "mega-bonebed". At its thinnest point the mudstone bed hosting the centrosaur fossils is 25 cm thick and it measures 1 m at its thickest. Eberth, Brinkman and Barkas observed siltstone, claystone, and abundant organic matter in the composition of the "brown-grey" mudstone. Ironstone concretions can be found scattered throughout the bed, but were most abundant where fossils were also common.
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These variations likely coincided with the presence of small "sub- environments" commonly found between rivers like splays, ponds or creeks. After being deposited in their final resting places the carcasses were torn apart, had their bones trampled and chewed by scavengers. These processes left the abrasion and toothmarks seen on the bones preserved at H97-02. Chemical reactions between the decaying dinosaur flesh and floodwaters caused iron to precipitate out of the water and formed the ironstone concretions commonly found in the mudrock hosting the mega-bonebed.
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Between them, an early 19th-century bridge with five arches and long retaining walls, built from ironstone and limestone, acts as a weir. After the lakes, the river passes to the east of Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir and the hamlet of Stenwith, to flow under the Grantham Canal in a conduit. By this time it is below the contour. The county border between Leicestershire and Lincolnshire follows the course of the river for a short distance near the bottom lake, and beyond Woolsthorpe, the river is in Lincolnshire.
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At full tide, most of the exposure is inaccessible, not be examined in the cliff-face after a spell of wet weather. The clays and marls, by oxidation and weathering, give rise to red clay-ironstone nodules; and various stages in the consolidation of these may be observed. LXIV. Note on some abnormally large spores formerly attributed to Isoetes At several Tertiary/Quaternary several large spores began to appear. The origin of these spores was unknown as they were a lot larger than any know Isoetes.
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She described some rock layers as particularly fossiliferous, the shale bands abundant with goniatite faunas and Bivalvia marine and freshwater molluscs. The unfossiliferous shales often contain numerous clay-ironstone bands making conditions intolerable for marine organisms. At most of the fossiliferous levels in the Namurian beds the number of goniatites and Bivalvia are usually very high with the diversity of species low. The richest and most diverse band in the succession at Sliabh an Iarainn, in terms of species present, contains Trilobites, brachiopods, gastropods, echinoids and Bryozoa.
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The tunnel entrance can still be seen but it is sealed up. In 1911 the pier gantry and boiler house were damaged by a serious fire however, the damage was repaired. In 1916 Grinkle Mine was connected to the Whitby, Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway thus avoiding the wartime hazards of shipping and the tramway tunnel abandoned. Port Mulgrave was a busy port for 40 years but the harbour was redundant by 1920 due to the railway link and cheaper foreign sources of ironstone becoming available.
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The inhabitants mainly worked the land of the Lord of the Manor of Wilton. This did not alter for over 750 years until ironstone was found in the Eston Hills and people from out of the area came to settle in the village. The natives of the village realised that more could be earned in the mines and so abandoned agriculture and went to work in the mines. More recently used as location for outdoor scenes during the filming of BBC drama 'Lark Rise to Candleford'.
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Skinningrove railway station was on the Whitby, Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway. It was opened on 1 April 1875, and served the villages of Skinningrove and Carlin How in North Yorkshire, England. It was originally named "Carlin How", but was renamed on 1 October 1903 by the North Eastern Railway. It had no goods service, but a zig zag track branched off just outside the station from a point on the main line towards Saltburn, serving the Loftus Mines in the valley below, where ironstone was mined.
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The village is located towards the Eastern end of the Weald, where iron has been produced from Roman times. The Weald produced over a third of all iron in Britain, and over 180 sites have been found across the Weald. Ironstone was taken from clay beds, then heated with charcoal from the abundant woods in the area. The iron was used to make everything from Roman ships to medieval cannon, and many of the Roman roads in the area were built to transport the iron.
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The community centre is today mainly used as the venue for the meetings of Cefn Cribwr Labour Party. Bedford Park, on the northern outskirts of Cefn Cribwr, is now an area of of ancient woodland and meadows, glades and open spaces. It was once an area of intense industrial activity after the Birmingham industrialist John Bedford built a blast furnace here in 1780. He also sank pits to mine the raw materials of ironstone and coal as well as founding a forge and brickworks.
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Farming takes place on the high land; the lower land is the most important cattle-grazing land in the South. The Equatorial Zone includes the Ironstone Plateau, the Central Hills, and the Green Belt in Equatoria. Rainfall is usually 900-1,300 millimeters per year, concentrated in six to eight months, although it is much higher in the Green Belt. Farm production includes perennial tree crops, such as coffee, tea, and oil palm, and annual crops, such as tobacco, cotton, com, sorghum, groundnuts, sesame, and vegetables.
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The remains of Cronberry Moor colliery, comprising the remains of a bing, lie to the north-west of Cronberry village at NGR NS 6031 2281. Mortonmuir Colliery was begun in 1948 and opened in 1950 as one of the National Coal Board's short term drift mines; it closed after only four years as much of the coal was found to have been extracted previously. Locals have stated that no coal at all was found. An ironstone mine existed at Cronberry in the 1880s,Gazetteer for Scotland.
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The parish was also a source of ironstone which was quarried to the south east of the village, either side of the road to Blisworth up to and just beyond the crossroads with the road from Tiffield to Milton Malsor. The quarries began operation in about 1853 and continued to 1921 with possibly a break round about 1900. The quarries began close to the village and worked their way towards Blisworth as the ore was worked out. Quarrying was by hand with the aid of explosives.
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Onondaga Pottery started producing a heavy earthenware called "Ironstone" but struggle to succeed. In 1873, they began manufacturing a "white graniteware" and then in 1885 a semi-vitreous ware. A year later they replaced this with high fired china and a guarantee that the glaze would not crackle or craze - the first time American-made tableware carried such a warranty. It was at this point, 45 years after the start of pottery production in Syracuse that the pottery business showed a stable and profitable prospect.
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During this period it was evident that further mineral extraction was developing, and a special meeting of shareholders on 5 February 1872 approved the submission of a Bill to extend the line to Glencorse and Mauricewood. The Shotts Iron Company had promised to send 50,000 to 60,000 tons of ironstone annually on the branch and the Glasgow Iron Company was sinking new pits in the district. The Glencorse Extension Act was passed on 5 August 1872 with capital of £36,000.Hurst; Carter says 5 August 1873.
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Heslop was born on 1 October 1898 in the village of Hunwick, near Bishop Auckland, County Durham, to William Heslop, coalminer, and his wife, Isabel (née Whitfield). The Heslops had been miners for several generations. Heslop attended King James I Academy on a scholarship until he was thirteen, when the family moved to Boulby on the north Yorkshire coast. Because his new home was too far from the nearest grammar school, Heslop began working underground at Boulby ironstone mine, where his father was now the manager.
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Spondylerpeton is an extinct genus of tetrapod closely related to "Cricotus" (Archeria) in the family Archeriidae. This genus is known from fragmentary remains, namely a short series of tail vertebrae preserved in an ironstone nodule. These remains were found in the Mazon Creek beds of Illinois, an area famed for its preservation of Carboniferous plants and animals. Spondylerpeton individuals were probably about three to four feet in length, by far the largest animals known to have inhabited the Mazon Creek area during this era.
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James Bennett was the elder brother of Edwin Bennett of Baltimore. The museum contains the largest public display of Lotus Ware, an award-winning fine porcelain ware produced only for a short period in the 1890s by the Knowles, Taylor, Knowles pottery of East Liverpool.Catherine S. Vodrey, Also on display are collections of early Rockingham Pottery, ironstone, , yellow ware, and Victorian majolica. Other highlights are Homer Laughlin's Fiesta dinnerware, Hall China's Donut teapot, and William Bloor's 1860s Parian Ware, along with Craven Art Pottery vases.
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In 1850, Vaughan and Marley made their famous "discovery" of the main seam of Cleveland Ironstone. The existence of iron in the Cleveland hills was in fact well known, possibly since ancient times and certainly since at least 1811, as repeated attempts had been made to sell it, but without success. In 1852, Marley, then at Bishop Auckland, became a founding member of the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers (NEIMME);NEIMME: MEMOIR OF JOHN MARLEY. BY His Son, J. W. MARLEY.
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Apart from the passenger service the line also enabled a large ironstone field near the village to be developed which had been an important consideration in developing the line. The station lost its passenger service on 4 January 1960 and goods service on 1 June 1964. The line was re-opened for limited periods after that and not closed completely until 15 August 1981. Subsequently the Heritage Northampton & Lamport Railway has been able to lease the trackbed and is restoring part of the route.
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Due to excessive mining over time, limestone fields are depleted in many areas but some are still relatively plentiful. Ironstone and coal are also among the plentiful natural resources found. In different regions of the Appalachian Plateau, enough plant debris accumulated to form peat, which upon burial, compaction and heating was made into the coal of the Appalachian coalfields. Due to the abundant coal in the Appalachian Plateau, coal mining has been a staple of the area and has proved to be a very successful mining hub.
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The eastern extent of the main outcrop reaches the villages of Stogumber and Tolland. An outlier forms the southeastern part of the Quantock Hills between Goathurst and West Monkton. Over the centuries the Brendon Hills have been mined for minerals, notably ironstone from which iron is extracted for making steel. During the 19th century this activity reached a peak with the West Somerset Mineral Railway, including an incline, being built to take the ore to Watchet from where it was sent to Ebbw Vale for smelting.
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The shiny dark brown seeds within have an oblong shape and a length of about . It is native to an area in the eastern Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it is found on flats, undulating plains and ironstone rises growing in clay to sandy loam soils. The bulk of the population is situated between Lake King in the west through to Norseman in the east to Marvel Loch in the north as a part of open heath, mallee scrub and Eucalyptus woodland communities.
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The last remaining flourspar mine closed in 1999 following legislation re water quality. A mine at Rogerley Quarry, Frosterley, is operated by an American consortium who occasionally work it for specimen minerals. Minco are currently exploring the North Pennines and the upper Wear catchment for potential reserves of zinc at lower levels. Ironstone which was important as the ore was won from around Consett and Tow Law, then around Rookhope, while greater quantities were imported from just south of the southerly Tees in North Yorkshire.
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Tree planting on the site of old ironstone pits. The Lands of Pitcon were "a seven merk land of old extent" and were given to Thomas Boyd by his father, Alexander Boyd, who was in turn given the lands by his father, Robert, the first Lord Boyd, also Great Chamberlain of Scotland. Thomas Boyd in 1608 also held 'Linget-rig' (Lintseedridge) in Over Mains of Pitcon, and Nether Mains of Pitcon. He also held the Chapel Lands near Fairlie Crevoch in the parish of Stewarton.
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Photographs of former railway tunnel and cuttings at Hook Norton Tall stone pillars which supported two B&CDR; viaducts can be seen in the valley to the south of the village. Near Hook Norton there were several ironstone quarries, evidence of which can still be seen. The Brymbo Ironworks, opened in 1899, had its own narrow gauge railway and was connected to the B&CDR; at Council Hill Sidings, east of Hook Norton station. The Brymbo Ironworks closed in 1946 and was dismantled in 1948.
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The quarries continued up the hill towards the Firs. These quarries were connected to the main London and North Western Railway in the valley by way of narrow gauge and standard gauge private branch-lines. The narrow gauge line was cable worked taking the ore down to a tipping dock on the standard gauge branch.Tonks :op cit p128 In about 1870, the operation moved west with a standard gauge line running through what is now the Pocket Park to the Ironstone field south of the Playing Fields.
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The canal was built as a wooden trough. Small boats were used which were capable of carrying 1.5 tons, and all goods had to be transhipped twice to reach the Chesterfield Canal. An obvious solution would have been to continue the canal north, having to cross the Duke of Devonshire's land. The ironworks ran into difficulties in the 1820s, with accusations of illegal mining activity, and the Duke of Devonshire cancelled the Smith's lease of Staveley Upperground colliery and for ironstone at the Hady mines in 1832.
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Sriperumbudur belongs to the Sriperumbudur Formation, which is characterised by arenaceous and argillaceous rock units composed of splintery green shale, clays, and sandstones with ironstone intercalation. The rock units conformably"(of rock strata) lying in a parallel arrangement so that their original relative positions have remained undisturbed" overlie either the Precambrian basement or Precambrian boulder beds and green shales. The beds contain marine intercalations. Their lithologic suites and fossil fauna are suggestive of deposition under shallow and brackish conditions, probably close to the shoreline.
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The ironstone quarry ceased operation in 1877 but the limestone quarry continued until 1900,the stone being taken on the tramway to limekilns next to the railway at Nether Heyford. It was re-opened much later both for burning lime at new kilns next to the quarry and for use as building stone. The stone was taken away by road vehicles. Eleven and a half tons of Church Stowe limestone are said to have been used in repair work at Castle Ashby Church and House in 1982.
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In USDA soil taxonomy, orthents are defined as entisols that lack horizon development due to either steep slopes or parent materials that contain no permanent weatherable minerals (such as ironstone). Typically, Orthents are exceedingly shallow soils. They are often referred to as skeletal soils or, in the FAO soil classification, as lithosols. The basic requirement for recognition of an orthent is that any former soil has been either completely removed or so truncated that the diagnostic horizons typical of all orders other than entisols are absent.
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Steedman's gum is found on low hills and undulating plains between Ravensthorpe in the Goldfields-Esperance and Kondinin in the Wheatbelt region where it grows in gravelly loamy soils over ironstone. Six populations are known, five of these occur on unallocated Crown land, and one which is split occurs on Crown land and a road verge. It is estimated that there is a total population of 24 500 mature plants that are spread over an area of and tend to occur in pure stands.
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Agriculture remains the main economic strength of Mmaku, as is surrounded by streams enabling the perennial production of vegetables and tubers. There is a weekly Afor market located at Affam community. Economically, coal is found in the Mamu Formation deposited in Mmaku though no coal mine was seen in the study area during several geological field mapping carried out in Mmaku. Ironstone (Siderite) boulders outcrops majorly in Mmaku and its environs, The boulders are massive and are quarried at different locations in the site.
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Crosbie, Nicole. "The Starkey Hearing Foundation brings big celebs to Minnesota", City Pages, August 6, 2012, accessed April 23, 2019"A Record $7.6 Million Raised to Help the World's Hearing Impaired At Starkey Hearing Foundation's 12th Annual So The World May Hear Gala", PR Newswire, August 6, 2012, accessed February 22, 2017 In August, she sang in Hiroshima, Japan, in the "Peace for World" concertPeace Arch Hiroshima , August 18, 2012 (in Japanese) and performed together with Tony Bennett at the Ironstone Amphitheatre in Murphys, California.Sauro, Tony.
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Dallas and his younger brother Norvel built a glider, which was wrecked by an untimely gust of wind the first time they tried to launch it. The two brothers continued to build model gliders in spite of this initial disaster, and Stan corresponded with pioneer aviators in France, England, and the United States. He later transferred to a higher- paying job driving trucks for Iron Island ironstone quarries. Stan and Norvel once again built their own flying machine while Stan was working on Iron Island.
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It is native to an area in the Pilbara region of Western Australia mostly in the Hamersley Range around Newman in the east extending through Wittenoom and Paraburdoo in the west with small outlier populations in the Carnarvon Range in the Little Sandy Desert. It is usually situated along ridges and on the higher slopes of ranges, in rocky gullies and on scree slopes and occasionally in the creeklines that flow down from the ranges. It will grow in iron-rich skeletal soils over ironstone bed rock.
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At the time, Spathicephalus and other tetrapods from the Namurian of Scotland were some of the oldest tetrapods known, predating the better-known Late Carboniferous tetrapod assemblages of the British Coal Measures. In November 1974, Scottish paleontologist Stanley P. Wood discovered additional skull and jaw fragments of Spathicephalus in an open-pit mine (the Dora Open Cast Mine) near the town of Cowdenbeath in Fife. Wood found these fossils in a layer of siltstone that is the same age as the ironstone in Loanhead. Sydney Harbor.
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Iron ore was quarried around Scaldwell by the Staveley Coal and Iron Company from 1912 until 1963. The company operated a number of ironstone quarries around the villages of Brixworth, Hanging Houghton and Scaldwell. The first pits lay to the east of the Scaldwell to Brixworth Road close to Scaldwell, and began producing ore in April 1913. Two separate gauge tramways transported ore from the quarries, one serving the Hanging Houghton pits, the second longer tramway, starting at Scaldwell and serving all the other quarries.
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Mycroft was born in Brimington, Derbyshire, the son of George Mycroft and his first wife Sabra Allen. His father was an ironstone and coal miner who kept the Red Lion public house at Brimington. In 1861 Mycroft himself was an ironstone minerBritish Census 1861 and by 1881 he was running a public house at 10 Tapton Lane, Chesterfield.British Census 1881 Mycroft made his first-class debut for Derbyshire in the 1873 season against Lancashire when he took six wickets. The club played two matches in the season and Mycroft topped the bowling count with 10 wickets. In the 1874 season the club doubled the matches to four, and Mycroft doubled his wicket count to 20 taking three five wicket overs to become top bowler again. In the 1875 season, Mycroft hit a phenomenal average of 7.37, and became top bowler again with 73 wickets. He managed at least one five-wicket innings in every match and took eleven altogether in the season with best figures of 9–80. As a result, Mycroft was selected for the North against the South, where he had the amazing figures of fourteen wickets for 38 runs.
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The signal box was moved northwards in June 1902 to allow the platform to be extended towards the west;engineers simply raised the box onto rails and slid the box into its new position. The station used to forward building stone, iron and ironstone. Three blast furnaces were located in the village which utilised two sidings built on the north side of the station with access from the east. The iron industry lasted until 1876, but the slag heaps were cleared sometime in the 1880s with the slag being sold to Surrey County Council.
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Mine Hill and Rye Hill lie along with many others to the north east, south east and west of the town. Banbury is located at the bank of the River Cherwell which sweeps through the town, going just east of the town centre with Grimsbury being the only estate east of the river. Banbury is at the northern extreme of the UK's South East England region, less than from the boundary with the East Midlands, and from that with the West Midlands. Heavy clay and Ironstone deposits surround Banbury.
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Ruins of Monks Abbey, Monks Road, Lincoln, a surviving property owned by the St. Mary Magdalen Priory. The Monks Abbey site is possibly part of the lands belonging to a 4th-century Roman villa, located on Greetwell Road, which was rediscovered during ironstone mining in the late 1800s. Monks Abbey is located on the River Witham, at the northern end of area known as the Lincoln Stamp End causeway. Early records show that the abbey, or Monks Leys, as it was called, owned 'le stampcause' as part of its estate.
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High levels of endemism can also be identified by beta diversity analyses, which measure differentiation levels between two areas. A study conducted across three different ironstone sites (itabirite) in the campo rupestre identified the proportion of shared lineages as less than 5%, demonstrating a high level of beta diversity among the sites. Predominance of species varies according to the different soil types. Grasses typically occur in sandy soils, with many species from the graminoid families Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Eriocaulaceae, whereas the rocky outcrops are usually dominated by orchids, bromeliads and species of Clusiaceae and Velloziaceae.
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Localities within the jurisdiction of the Kangaroo Island Council are as follows: American Beach, American River, Antechamber Bay, Ballast Head, Baudin Beach, Bay of Shoals, Birchmore, Brown Beach, Brownlow KI, Cape Borda, Cassini, Cuttlefish Bay, Cygnet River, De Mole River, D'Estrees Bay, Dudley East, Dudley West, Duncan, Emu Bay, Flinders Chase, Gosse, Haines, Island Beach, Ironstone, Kangaroo Head, Karrata, Kingscote, Kohinoor, MacGillivray, Menzies, Middle River, Muston, Nepean Bay, Newland, North Cape, Parndana, Pelican Lagoon, Penneshaw, Porky Flat, Sapphiretown, Seal Bay, Seddon, Stokes Bay, Stun'Sail Boom, Vivonne Bay, Western River, Willoughby, Willson River, and Wisanger.
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The biodiversity of rangeland around Morawa has been reduced by land clearing, changed fire regimes, feral pests and weeds, and pastoralism but still remains an important characteristic of the region. The Department of Environment and Conservation (formerly CALM) has undertaken a biodiversity survey of the area encompassing Morawa. Sporadic ranges of hills are separated by large areas of land and many have evolved their own unique endemic species and biological communities. Some of these are associated only with the Banded Ironstone Formation rocks that are targeted for iron ore mining.
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The crash occurred on a single stretch of line because of maintenance track works was being carried out on a second track. Direct cause of the accident was passed signal and danger by engineer of Skierniewice to Łuków passenger train consisting of EN57 electric multiple unit and left Osieck station without authority. EN57, travelling at 30 mph (50 km/h) collided head-on with double- headed ironstone-transporting freight train approached from Pilawa hauled by ET41 series electric locomotive. The first coach of EN57 was completely destroyed by force of the collision.
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The Technical College Building has aesthetic significance for its composition and materials, and as a landmark in the town. The school has been in continuous operation since establishment and has been a focus for the local community as a place for important social and cultural activity. European settlement commenced at Ironstone Mountain (Mount Morgan's initial name) when mining of gold began there in 1882. In 1888 Mount Morgan's population was 4000 people scattered in a series of settlements located close to the Dee River and the Mount Morgan Gold Mining Company mine.
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A second mine, Dragonby, was also opened in the post war period. Both mines were worked on the room and pillar system, with approximately height of extraction within the seams, leaving some ironstone for roof support (about depth) and roadway. Drilling and blasting were used for extraction with much of the work mechanised. By the mid 20th century Scunthorpe was expanding into a large town, to the west, north and south of the original village, and its extent now included the former villages of Crosby and Frodingham, and had reached as far south as Brumby.
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Here future expansion of the plant was focused replacing plant at the Frodingham works. In the early 1950s the company expanded two of its blast furnaces to diameter (named "Queen Mary", No.9; and "Queen Bess"), and in 1951 took the decision to start the construction of two further new furnaces to a similar diameter. The new furnaces together with addition sinter plant were constructed on former ironstone quarry land. The new furnaces were official opened in mid 1954, and older plant abandoned, with total capacity increased from 900,000 to 1,250,000 tons pa.
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Ferrodraco ("Iron Dragon" after the ironstone the fossil was found in) is an extinct genus of ornithocheirid pterosaur known from the Late Cretaceous Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia, containing the single species F. lentoni. The species was named after the former mayor of Winton, Graham Thomas ‘Butch’ Lenton. It is the most complete pterosaur fossil from Australia, being known from the holotype specimen AODF 876, consisting primarily of the anterior portion of the skull and dentary, cervical vertebral centra and a partial wing. Its wingspan was estimated to be about .
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In 2019, the type species Ferrodraco lentoni was named and described by Adele H. Pentland, Stephen Francis Poropat, Travis R. Tischler, Trish Sloan, Robert A. Elliott, Harry A. Elliott, Judy A. Elliott and David A. Elliott. The generic name is derived from the Latin ferrum, "iron", and draco, "dragon", in reference to the fact that the skeleton was found in ironstone. The specific name honors the late mayor of Winton Shire, Graham Thomas ‘Butch’ Lenton, for his work for the local community and his support for the Australian Age of Dinosaurs. He died in 2017.
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Initially a rural village, West Bromwich's growth corresponded with that of the Industrial Revolution, owing to the area's natural richness in ironstone and coal, as well as its proximity to canals and railway branches. It led to the town becoming a centre for coal mining, brick making, the iron industry, and metal trades such as nails, springs, and guns. The town's primary economy developed into engineering, manufacturing, and the automotive industry through the early 20th century. During the Second World War, West Bromwich experienced bombing from the German Luftwaffe.
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In 1815 the partners met with William Murdoch, the inventor of coal-gas lighting, this being seen as providing a growth in work for their foundry. Coal, from the company's mines, was provided as charge for beehive coke ovens which were built on the site. By the end of the 19th century the company were not only mining coal and ironstone but building blast furnaces, coke ovens and chemical plant. Heavy section iron, cast in the foundry was used in two iconic structures: Tower Bridge, crossing the river Thames in London, and the Eddystone Lighthouse.
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Henry House has a gable roof, and has ashlar granite facades with ironstone on the gable ends. The architecture is generally representative of a typical style used in early 19th-century British North America for elite residences. In particular, it is an excellent example of the Halifax House style, a design brought to Nova Scotia by Scottish masons and characterized by three bays and a side hall plan. Mason's marks on the stone walls of Henry House: File:Henry House Stone Wall 1, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada - August 2019.
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John Kautz, proprietor of Ironstone Vineyards, purchased the gold specimen in 1994 for an undisclosed price; its appraised value at the time was $3.5 million. Kautz had the 60 lb troy (22.4 kg) nugget etched with acid to remove most of the quartz; the resulting gold leaf specimen is 44 lbs troy (16.4 kg). A small piece of the original rock was left in the back to show the original matrix. Kautz opened a museum devoted to the history of gold mining in the area, to display the gold specimen.
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Two signal boxes were in use at Yarnton by the 1880s. The first, Yarnton Witney Junction Box, controlled the Yarnton Loop and the junction between the OW≀ and the Witney Railway. This was a 50-lever "pedestal" box situated to the southern end of the Down platform, to the left of which were nine long sidings brought into use on 20 August 1940 and which were retained after the war to re-marshal ironstone trains from the East Midlands via , eventually closing on 6 July 1966. The second was Yarnton Oxford Road Junction.
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As of 2018, it covered an area of . In 1980, the conservation park was described as follows: > This park preserves an uncommon vegetation type for the Mount Lofty Ranges, > the principal vegetation being a low Eucalyptus baxteri open forest over > banksia scrub. This habitat supports a wide variety of bird species > including the threatened scaly thrush and the beautiful firetail. Notable > mammal species are Isoodon obesulus, locally endangered and Rattus > lutreolus, near the northern limit of its range in South Australia... The > park occupies an area of undulating sands overlying ironstone.
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Finedon Top Lodge Quarry, also known as Finedon Gullet (and in the 1960s documented as 'Wellingborough No. 5 Pit') is a 0.9 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Wellingborough in Northamptonshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site revealing a sequence of middle Jurassic limestones, sandstones and ironstones, and is the type section for a sequence of sedimentary rocks known as the 'Wellingborough Member'. It was created by quarrying for the underlying ironstone for use at Wellingborough and Corby Steelworks; the ore was transported by the gauge Wellingborough Tramway.
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Puddling furnace (1881 illustration) The process to convert ore into pig iron and then into wrought iron involved first converting the coal to coke to remove water and sulphur, a process that took 48 hours if done in piles in the yard, or 24 hours if done in ovens. About 32% of the better bed coal would be lost in coking. The ironstone was allowed to weather for some time to free it from shale. Limestone was brought from Skipton to help separate clay from the iron ore.
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Iron is said to have been worked in the vicinity of Bradford in Roman times. The monks of Rievaulx Abbey to the east were working iron on land owned by their monastery in 1150, and forgemen are mentioned in 1358. Surface coal was being extracted from outcrops and shallow pits by 1360, and coal mines were worked by 1502. The Bowling Ironworks were established in the 1780s to smelt and forge iron from the Black Bed ironstone deposits using coal from the Better Bed seam, both of which lay under the site.
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The Louth to Bardney Line was an English railway line built by the Louth and Lincoln Railway Company, in Lincolnshire, England. It opened in stages between 1874 and 1876, after serious difficulties in raising subscription capital, and following alteration to the planned route. It was hoped to serve large reserves of ironstone along its route, but the deposits were not as large as hoped, and the line was never financially successful. The passenger service closed in 1951, and the residual goods service closed in stages from 1956 to 1960.
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Akhtenskite is a manganese oxide mineral with the chemical formula of MnO2 (or: ε-Mn4+O2) that was named after the Akhtensk deposit in Russia, where it was first discovered and noted in 1979. It can be found in the Akhtensk brown ironstone deposit, in the southern Ural Mountains, on Mt. Zarod, on the Sikhote-Alin Mountains, and in the Primorskiy Krai, all in Russia. Its crystals are usually hexagonal in shape, with flakiness and plating, usually because it replaced a mineral. Akhtenskite is a polymorphous with the much more widespread pyrolusite.
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Portrait of ironmaster John Wilkinson, who purchased the Hall and its estate in 1792 John Wilkinson bought the Brymbo Hall estate in 1792 for the sum of £14,000. The land was rich in coal and ironstone deposits, and Wilkinson constructed an ironworks (later to become the Brymbo Steelworks) near the Hall. His son occasionally lived at the property after his death,Soldon, N. John Wilkinson, 1728-1808: English ironmaster and inventor, Mellen, 1998, p.72 and the estate was later to be managed by William Legh, Esq, the father of William Legh, 1st Baron Newton.
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Evidence of trade between Roman Gaul and the wealthy community who lived at Folkestone, seems to suggest that they were on good terms with the Romans in the years before the Roman occupation, and that when the Roman Emperor Claudius invaded Britain in AD 43, his troops did not come ashore at Folkestone. By c. 75 AD, the Iron Age settlement had been replaced with a Roman villa. The first version of the villa to be built consisted only of block A, and was built of tufa blocks laid on foundations of flint and ironstone.
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The company transferred to New Mills from London during the Blitz and has remained ever since. Well-known brands include 'Parma Violets', 'Refreshers', 'Drumstick' lollies and – perhaps most famously – Love Hearts. Folk memory relates that children from local schools were often asked to test new sweet flavours that were created.. There is also a history of iron working, though this has ceased. Ironstone was also found in shales of the lower coal measures, and early water-powered charcoal furnaces were located at Gow-Hole furnace towards Furness Vale.
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The parish of Old Cleeve was part of the Williton and Freemanners Hundred. Black Monkey Bridge, which was built around 1860, carries the West Somerset Railway, a steam operated heritage railway over a stream and footpath. Old Cleeve was also near the route of the West Somerset Mineral Railway which ran from the ironstone mines in the Brendon Hills to the port of Watchet on the Bristol Channel. The old Mineral line railway station which was built in 1861 is now a store, and there is also a bridge remaining from this line.
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Samuel Dixon (November 14, 1856 - July 6, 1934) was an industrialist and politician in West Virginia. Dixon was among the powerful and wealthy men who helped develop southern West Virginia's bituminous coal bearing-region during the late 19th and early 20th century. A native of Kelton, Yorkshire, England, he was the son on an ironstone miner. In 1877, came to the United States, the 21-year-old was employed working for his uncle, Fred Faulkner, a mine owner in the rapidly emerging New River Coalfield in Fayette County, West Virginia.
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Surviving Waltham locomotive Cambrai The landscaped remains of High Leys pit on the right, with the trackbed of the tramway just visible following the hedge as it curves towards Granby and Harts pits The Waltham Iron Ore Tramway was a gauge industrial tramway serving the ironstone pits of the Waltham Iron Ore Company, a subsidiary of the Staveley Coal and Iron Company. It was located to the north of the village of Branston in Leicestershire on the edge of the Belvoir Estate. The tramway operated from 1884 until 1958.
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It is native to Mid West region of Western Australia from around Northampton in the north down to around Geraldton in the south. The plant is often situated on rises and rocky plains and will grow in sandy and clay soils and on sandstone. It is commonly situated in coastal areas from around Eradu in the south east up to Kalbarri National Park in the north in soils over gravel or sandstone, ironstone and limestone as a part of sandplain shrubland communities often along with Calothamnus and Melaleuca species.
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By the time of the late 18th century Coatbridge was only a collection of hamlets between Glasgow and Airdrie. However, the construction of the Monkland Canal to transport coal from deposits in Coatbridge to Glasgow proved to be the spark which set fire to the town's population explosion. The invention of the hot blast furnace in 1828 by James Beaumont Neilson meant that Coatbridge's rich ironstone deposits could be fully exploited by the canal link.Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982.
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At this time the town was lit by gas, by a Company formed in 1834. The River Garnock helps to irrigate the valley and, joined by the tributaries Rye Water and Caaf Water, was a driving force behind the establishment of the town. These waters were utilised by the various mills in the 19th century The industries of limestone, coal and ironstone assisted Dalry to develop into a thriving mining community. The iron was smelted in the furnaces of the four great iron companies - the Ayrshire, the Glengarnock, the Eglinton and the Blair.
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A view of the hills Snow-covered Burton Dassett Hills All Saints Church, Burton Dassett Burton Dassett Hills Country Park is a country park in southeastern Warwickshire, England. It was created as a country park in 1971 and is run by Warwickshire County Council. It comprises a group of ironstone hills, which are named after the tiny village of Burton Dassett which is located in the hills. The hills rise to 203m (666 ft) above sea level and are situated half a mile east of the M40 motorway.
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Church from the north-west St James’ is of limestone-ashlar and coursed-ironstone rubble construction. It comprises a chancel, nave, north and south aisles, a west tower and a south porch, and is of Early English and Perpendicular styles.Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John: The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire, Penguin (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram (1989), Yale University Press, p. 440\. The tower is early 14th-century, Perpendicular, and of two stages--a tall lower stage, with belfry above--and is partly clasped by the north and south aisles.
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It is of ironstone and limestone work with a Collyweston slate roof. Ashlar is used in the east wall above the spring of the east window, and in the cornerstones and plinth. Twin stepped diagonal buttresses are at the south-east and north-east corners, with a further angled buttress on the south wall. A moulded plinth runs below windows on the east wall, and on the south wall where at the west, it is broken by a pointed doorway with chamfered opening and hood mould; the door is planked with decorative metal face hinges.
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There are small populations of steenbok, rabbits, hares, aardvarks, porcupines and jackals along with dwarf bushes, grasses and seasonal flowering annuals. The ground is covered with thin, weakly developed, lime-rich sandy gravel soils above Dwyka and Ecca sandstones, silts and shales of the Karoo Supergroup. Rock components at the site are mostly quartzites and extends to banded ironstone, jasper and chert towards the Doringberge and the Orange River valley. The biggest pan at the site is broadly kidney-shaped in plan, 250 m long by 150 m wide.
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Waltham on the Wolds railway station was a railway station at the end of The Waltham Branch serving the village of Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire.Forgotten Railways, The East Midlands The Waltham Branch was built by the Great Northern Railway from the Great Northern and London and North Western Joint Railway at Scalford to exploit ironstone deposits in the area. The station opened in April 1883 but never had a regular passenger train service. This was confirmed in an edition of The Railway Magazine, published in May 1932.
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Instead, it was used only for specials bringing visitors to Waltham Fair or to race meetings at Croxton Park until at least 1907 or 1906.Private and Untimetabled Railway Stations by G.Croughton and others The Eaton Branch Railway began at "Eaton Junction" immediately south of the station. It served the ironstone quarries that surrounded the village of Eaton. From 1916 to 1918, it was used for military specials serving Harrowby Army Camp, after which it was used for freight or occasional enthusiasts specials until completely closed in 1964.
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The Ironstone section of the Town of Uxbridge has other alternate names and dispersed villages which include: Chockalog, south Uxbridge, Albee, Scadden and historically included Quaker City, and Aldrich village. Aldrich village was the original home base to the Aldrich family, the Aldrich family cemetery, and the origins of an American family dynasty that included Senator Nelson Aldrich of Rhode Island, and his son in law, Vice President Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Nearby is a very historic "Friends Meetinghouse" (see also listed below). Abby Kelley Foster, a notable American abolitionist, belonged to Friends Meetinghouse.
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The exposure in of the Wessex Formation in the Isle of Purbeck is largely confined to a thin belt on the south side of the Purbeck Ridge and is best exposed at Swanage, Lulworth Cove and Worbarrow Bay. One notable persistent horizon within the Purbeck sections of the formation is the "Coarse Quartz Grit", an up to 6 metre thick sequence of conglomeratic ironstone, with many beds including numerous centimetre sized subangular to rounded pebbles predominantly of vein derived quartz, hence the name. This horizon is present throughout the Purbeck outcrops of the Wessex Formation.
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There is a great contrast between the austere, minimalist exterior of the Church of St Thomas of Canterbury and English Martyrs and its elaborately decorated interior. Architecturally, Charles Alban Buckler was a medievalist who worked almost exclusively in the Gothic Revival style—particularly Early English Gothic. His church at St Leonards-on-Sea was a good example of this: typical Gothic exterior features included trefoil and tall lancet windows, a multi-sided apse and buttressing. The walls are of ironstone and Bath Stone with some irregular rock facing.
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The line remained open until the withdrawal of the passenger service from Rugby (Midland) to Peterborough (East) on 6 June 1966. On that date the section from Rugby (Midland) to King's Cliffe was closed completely, but the line east of King's Cliffe station remained open for goods traffic.Hurst G. (1992) – Register of Closed Railways Worksop : Milepost Publications ; p. 44. On 3 June 1968 King's Cliffe station was closed to goods along with the track as far as the junction with a private siding into the ironstone quarries owned by Naylor Benzon west of Nassington station.
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Longridge is a village in West Lothian, Scotland. In 2001 the population was 650, with 92.77% of those born in Scotland and 4.31% born in England.KS05 Country of birth , General Register Office for Scotland, retrieved 16 December 2012 In 1856 the village, then known as Langrigg, had a population of 225, it had a library and a post office, and the economy of the area had improved with the discovery of blackband ironstone, known as Crofthead. Two Longridge railway stations briefly served the village in the mid 19th century.
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Lord Foley probably leased the forge to Thomas Hill & Co. from Michaelmas 1776. In 1789, this firm leased coal and ironstone mines at Blaenavon in Monmouthshire, and built Blaenavon Ironworks, from which they presumably supplied pig iron to Wilden Forge. At that time, the firm comprised Thomas Hill of Stourbridge, Thomas Hopkins of Canckwood Forge near Rugeley, and Benjamin Pratt of Great Witley. Thomas Hill & Co. remained tenants until 1825, but by 1820 the works were in a distinct partnership from Blaenavon consisting of Thomas Hill and Thomas Barnet.
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It was endowed by a Jamaican plantation owner John Newlands. The building later became part of Balbardie Primary School, and later still was changed into private housing. By the opening of Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway in 1849, local mines and quarries were extracting coal, lime, and ironstone. James Young's discovery of cannel coal in the Boghead area of Bathgate, and the subsequent opening of the Bathgate Chemical Works in 1852, the world's first commercial oil-works, manufacturing paraffin oil and paraffin wax, signalled an end to the rural community of previous centuries.
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The brothers of the abbey dedicated the spring to St Mary, so it also became known as St Mary's Well. The cave has been naturally formed by the spring but may have been enlarged by the monks and was made into a grotto (possibly during the eighteenth century) and further enhanced by addition of an ironstone arched entrance, possibly during the reign of Queen Victoria. The cave was explored and surveyed at around 200 feet long in 1945Mother Ludlam’s Hole, Farnham. John Hooper, The British Caver No. 14, pp.
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Skelton and Brotton is a civil parish in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland, England. It consists of the towns of Skelton-in-Cleveland and Brotton, which had a combined population of 18,952 in 2002, reducing to 12,848 at the Census 2011. The modern Skelton Castle incorporates part of the ancient stronghold of Robert de Brus who held it from Henry I. A modern church replaces the ancient one, of which there are ruins, and a fine Norman font is preserved. The large ironstone quarries have not wholly destroyed the appearance of the district.
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The Zugurma Game Reserve has little drainage; the smaller watercourses dry up during the dry season, but there are a number of permanent waterholes along the Oli River and elsewhere in the park. The Borgu sector consists of undulating hills with some quartzite ridges and ironstone pans, while the Zugurma sector consists of a low plateau, with soils derived from sandstone, much eroded in places. The mean annual rainfall is about , with the wet season lasting from May to November and the dry season from December to April.
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The savanna woodland of the Borgu sector is dominated by Burkea africana, Terminalia avicennioides and Detarium microcarpum. Below the quartzite ridges Isoberlinia tomentosa predominates, and further down the hillsides on the relatively dry lower slopes are stands of Diospyros mespiliformis, with an understory of Polysphaeria orbuscula. Terminalia macroptera occurs on moist savannas and Isoberlinia doka is found on higher ground in ironstone areas. In the Zugurma sector the tree cover is typical of the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic although this area is overgrazed and eroded, and the main woodland is besides the watercourses and waterholes.
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In 1880, the Barker shoe company was founded in Earls Barton, and remains there to the present day. Between 1913 and 1921, ironstone was produced in two local quarries; the first, situated north of Doddington Road, began operations in 1913, the second in 1916, west of Wellingborough Road. A 3 foot gauge tramway connected both quarries to the northern terminal of the gas-powered aerial ropeway, where the ore was loaded into buckets. It was then taken across the River Nene to Castle Ashby and Earls Barton station, and dumped into railway wagons.
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Hibernation sites include Buckshraft Mine & Bradley Hill Railway Tunnel, Devil's Chapel Scowles, Old Bow And Old Ham Mines and Westbury Brook Ironstone Mine. The deciduous woodlands and sheltered valleys of the Forest of Dean and the Wye Valley provide a good feeding area, and the underground systems provide roosting and breeding sites. A ring of iron-ore bearing Carboniferous Limestone in the Forest of Dean has created a series of ancient and more recent mines which provide hibernation sites. The citations for the series of sites provide common information.
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Reynolds and his father started work on the Ketley Canal in 1787, in order to transport ironstone and coal from Oakengates to their foundries at Ketley. It ran in a westerly direction from Oakengates, passing through a tunnel where Shepherds Lane crossed Red Lake Hill, and ended to the south of Ketley Hall. At this point there was a drop to his works. The construction of locks to lower the level of the canal was out of the question, as the meagre water supply for the canal was pumped from the mines.
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Common House is a late medieval hall which dates from circa 1500, of lowest listing category, Grade II architectural importance.Common House - Grade II - The village has many other houses of architectural interest e.g. Lark's Rise,Lark's Rise - Grade II - Yonder LyeYonder Lye - Grade II - and The Sun Inn public house, set back from the common, parts of which are clearly ancient particularly the rear bar.The Sun Inn - Grade II - The village was a site of iron smelting from local ironstone (see Bargate stone) and iron-smithery in the Middle Ages.
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One of Centaurs wards shortly after her conversion to a hospital ship When AHS Centaur was relaunched on 12 March 1943, she was equipped with an operating theatre, dispensary, two wards (located on the former cattle decks), and a dental surgery, along with quarters for seventy five crew and sixty five permanent Army medical staff.Milligan and Foley, Australian Hospital Ship Centaur, p. 51Smith, Three Minutes of Time, pp. 21–22 To maintain the ship's mean draught of , 900 tons of ironstone were distributed through the cargo holds as ballast.
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Acherontiscus is known only from a single skeleton, RSM 1967/13/1, which is housed at the Royal Scottish Museum in Edinburgh. Although it is known that this specimen was discovered in 1964, additional information on the location of its discovery is not known. However, the rock slab in which it was preserved is a type known as coal shale, similar to that of early Carboniferous (Mississippian)-era ironstone from Burghlee in Midlothian. The slab also includes remains of tiny crustaceans known as ostracods, as well as pollen spores.
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In 1870 the South Cornwall Granite company opened a railway linking these to Ponts Mill. This is what we now call the Valley Floor Tramway - the Treffry era railways, all horse-worked, were later called tramways to distinguish them from later locomotive-powered lines. The quarries were worked until about 1928; the last stone came from Carbeans in 1933 and the last of Treffry's rails were removed in 1940. In 1872 a group of London businessmen began a massive rebuild of Treffry's tramways to enable them to exploit the ironstone deposits near Newquay.
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Seend Ironstone Quarry And Road Cutting () is a Geological Site of Special Scientific Interest at Seend in Wiltshire, England, notified in 1965. The site contains facies of Lower Greensand containing specimens of fauna not found elsewhere. Iron ore was quarried and smelted in Seend from the 1850s with three blast furnaces fifty feet high, and employed 300 men. The antiquarian John Aubrey wrote that he discovered iron ore as early as 1666 when it rained so much that it washed away the sand from the ore and the later bright sun reflected on it.
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Enos Collins Bank, Historic Properties, Halifax, Nova Scotia The Halifax Banking Company (Collins Bank) was built by Enos (1832) and eventually became the CIBC. Collins Bank/Simon's Warehouse as evolved from two buildings in its rectangular, three-and-a-half storey massing under a hipped roof with large 'hoistway' dormers vertically aligned with large 'loading' openings on the elevations; regularly placed windows, timber and random-coursed ironstone construction of Collins Bank portion and the timber and granite construction of the Simon's Warehouse portion, with sandstone quoins, lintels, and belt-courses, interior brick fire walls.
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The mill remained in service until 1946. The Parish Church of St Michaels and All Angels stands on a high mound overlooking the mill and the river Avon. It has been variously proposed that this high mound may have been the site of an earlier Pagan temple or the base camp of Jute invaders who travelled up the Avon from nearby Christchurch. Parts of the church date from the 11th century but much of it was constructed in the 13th century from rubble ironstone dressed with Binstead stone.
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Hibernation sites include Buckshraft Mine & Bradley Hill Railway Tunnel, Devil's Chapel Scowles, Old Bow And Old Ham Mines and Wigpool Ironstone Mine. The deciduous woodlands and sheltered valleys of the Forest of Dean and the Wye Valley provide a good feeding area, and the underground systems provide roosting and breeding sites. A ring of iron-ore bearing Carboniferous Limestone in the Forest of Dean has created a series of ancient and more recent mines which provide hibernation sites. The citations for the series of sites provide common information.
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Hibernation sites include Buckshraft Mine & Bradley Hill Railway Tunnel, Devil's Chapel Scowles, Old Bow And Old Ham Mines and Westbury Brook Ironstone Mine. The deciduous woodlands and sheltered valleys of the Forest of Dean and the Wye Valley provide a good feeding area, and the underground systems provide roosting and breeding sites. A ring of iron-ore bearing Carboniferous Limestone in the Forest of Dean has created a series of ancient and more recent mines which provide hibernation sites. The citations for the series of sites provide common information.
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The Worcester area was a hotbed for the anti-slavery movement and the Quaker Meeting House was a nodal point in this activity. The earliest Quakers who settled here from Smithfield and Providence, RI, were among the first in America who personally renounced slavery and freed slaves. The early Quakers here were related to the religious group of Moses Brown, who helped found Brown University. There are a number of Quaker homes built in this area, which was known as Quaker City, Aldrich Village, and the village of Ironstone, Massachusetts.
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A disused railway line, part of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway branch line between Saxby and Bourne, runs just to the north of the village. The Edmondthorpe and Wymondham railway station closed to passengers in 1959 though the line remained open for ironstone freight, and HM Queen Elizabeth journeyed along it in 1967. The route was also used for holiday trips from Leicester to Skegness. The former goods yard, goods shed, station, Station House and Navvies' Cottage (Grade II Listed) are passed when travelling from the village along Butt Lane towards the windmill.
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The original bone of the P. davidi holotype specimen was in very bad condition, but after the bone was removed from the hard ironstone matrix, casts were made from the matrix mold, and a mold was made from those casts. Casts of the original bone show a fair amount of detail. Paracyclotosaurus davidii was named after Sir Edgeworth David, the man who arranged for the British Museum (Natural History) to acquire the specimen.50px Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons License.
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The Cleveland Miners' and Quarrymen's Association was a trade union representing ironstone miners in the Cleveland area of England. The union was founded in 1872 as the North Yorkshire and Cleveland Miners and Quarrymen's Association by Joseph Shepherd. It grew rapidly, with thirty-three lodges existing one year later, and also proved industrially successful, claiming to have increased miners' wages by 45%, and to have established a standard eight- hour working day.J. K. Almond and C. A. Hampstead, Cleveland iron and steel: background and 19th century history, p.
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In late 2002 Gouge and Alex Rigby founded Rockpool Games, a mobile phone games studio, as well as Ironstone Partners, a video game licensing business. Over the next 5 years Rockpool developed mobile games based on major video game licenses and won several major awards."Total Mobile Magazine Awards Three-In-A-Row Maximum Scores For Games Developed By Rockpool" Both businesses were acquired for $15m by Eidos Interactive in early 2007,. "Eidos Acquires Rockpool Games" with Gouge acting as head of Eidos Play, the firms casual division, until February 2009.
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Black Bull railway station is a disused railway station in Staffordshire, England. The station was opened in 1864 by the North Staffordshire Railway on the company's Biddulph Valley Line. The line had opened in 1860 and was primarily concerned with mineral traffic, mostly coal and ironstone from the collieries and ironworks along the Biddulph Valley. Passenger services were of a much lesser interest to the NSR so it was not until a few years later that a number of stations were opened supported by an infrequent number of passenger trains.
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It is native to an area of the Pilbara region of Western Australia from around Newman and Karratha. It grows in loam or on rocky ground and is found on plains, low rises and ironstone hills. There are a few isolated occurrences to the south in the Gascoyne region within the catchment of the Ashburton River. In the Pilbara the bulk of the population is situated between the central parts of the Hamersley Range in the east extending west to the North West Coastal Highway east of Onslow.
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These are underlain by non‐marine sequence of Lathi Formation which has been dated as Liassic to Bathonian by Das Gupta (1975) and as Liassic by Lukose (1972). The calcareous Jaisalmer Formation is followed upward sequence by siliciclastic sediments of Baisakhi formation. The Baisakhi Formation in general, comprises shale, sandstone, siltstone and ironstone and is subdivided into Rupsi, Lodorva and lanella members in ascending order by Prasad (2006). The Rupsi and Lanella Members of the Formation contain profuse ammonites and can be dated as Early kimmeridgian to Late Kimmeridgian in age.
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Other sites in the group in Gloucestershire (all of which are SSSIs) include the breeding sites of Blaisdon Hall, Caerwood And Ashberry Goose House and Dean Hall Coach House & Cellar. Hibernation sites include Buckshraft Mine & Bradley Hill Railway Tunnel, Devil's Chapel Scowles, Old Bow And Old Ham Mines and Westbury Brook Ironstone Mine. The citations for the series of sites provide common information. Wye Valley and Forest of Dean Bat Sites/ Safleoedd Ystlumod Dyffryn Gwy a Fforest y Ddena are recognised as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) under the EU Habitats Directive.
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The gradient was mostly level, with a short distance at the end at 1 in 150 down. By 1859 the branch had several short branches to pits on the north side of Airdrie: to Chapelside Pit (near Wellington Street); to Exhibition Pit (in the angle of North Bridge Street and Chapel Street); and Millfield Pit (near the present-day Upper Mill Street). There was also one long branch: the Drumbathie branch railway, running eastwards parallel to the present Kirkness Street to coal and ironstone pits near the Stirling Road in what is now Rawyards Park.
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The base of the Arapahoe Formation is marked by a discontinuous conglomerate, or where the conglomerate is absent, by sandstone beds that commonly contain large ironstone concretions. The conglomerate is composed principally of chert pebbles, but pebbles of granite, gneiss and schist are also present. Medium grey to brown claystone makes up the majority of the formation, with lesser amounts of light grey to light brown quartzose sandstone. The formation top is marked by a change from sandstone and claystone to the tuffaceous sediments of the overlying Denver Formation.
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Little Brington church spire Little Brington church is notable for having a spire but no nave. Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer (1798–1857) built the church of St John as a chapel of ease and a memorial to his first wife, the former Elizabeth Georgina Poyntz whom he had married in 1830. The church consisted of a chancel, nave and tower with a tall spire and was built in the local brown ironstone of the area. In the 19th century and early in the 20th services were held on a regular basis.
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British Railways closed the station in March 1963 and the line in September 1966. From 1917 until 1961 the Park Gate Iron and Steel Company had a quarry about south of the village, on the southern boundary with Charwelton parish. From there it ran a mineral railway down the Cherwell valley to take ironstone to the main line at Charwelton station. A steam locomotive called Charwelton was built for the line in 1917, worked it until 1942, and is now preserved on the Kent and East Sussex Railway.
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Technical development in iron production had a massive influence in the Coatbridge area. Iron ores had been extracted in the area since the beginning of the century, but David Mushet discovered blackband ironstone which had a much richer iron content coupled with carboniferous material and in 1828 James Beaumont Neilson invented the hot blast process of iron smelting. In the third and fourth decades of the nineteenth century the iron industry expanded hugely in the Coatbridge area. There were 17 blast furnaces in 1826 and 53 in 1843.
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In 2008, 23 were still in industrial service, and seven had entered preservation. In November 2016 the seven Cummins engined locomotives at Scunthorpe British Steel works, formerly Appleby Froddingham Steel works, were replaced by German-made NSB Di 8 locomotives, originally built for use on main-line freight operations in Norway. YE 2868 0-6-0DE Ludstone has been undergoing restoration since 2015 at the Foxfield Railway in collaboration with the Industrial Diesel & Railway Preservation Group. YE 2791 DE5, built in 1962, is cosmetically restored and on display at Rocks by Rail, The Living Ironstone Museum, Cottesmore.
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The specimen was found with the palate and teeth facing upward. Saadanius is known from a single specimen, the holotype, named "SGS-UM 2009-002", stored in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, at the Paleontology Unit of the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS). Its type locality was on top of an oolitic ironstone fossil bed of the middle Shumaysi Formation located in the southwest corner of Harrat Al Ujayfa, in western Saudi Arabia, close to Mecca. The specimen was discovered in February 2009 by paleontologist Iyad Zalmout, who had traveled to the region to search for ancient whale and dinosaur fossils.
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Plans and historical images show a variety of relatively small structures rising from the roof, some shown housing bells. The roof is now completely bare, and two bells can be seen in recesses cut high on the western facade. The portico was a great inspiration for Roger Morris (1695 - 1749) when designing the stable block for Althorp House, Northamptonshire, which is believed to have been built between 1732 and 1733. In the Palladian style and constructed of local ironstone, the east and north sides of the stables feature the deep porticos, both of which face the house.
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The original Scottish Central Railway main line was projected at one time to have been taken through Denny, but this was not done. In 1856 a branch was authorised, from the junctions at Carmuirs; it opened on 1 April 1858, after some delay due to the Inspecting Officer's reservations about some details. The line was three miles (5 km) long, without any intermediate station. The branch was extended for goods only by Act of 1857, opening in January 1860; called the "Denny Branch Extension" it ran to Stoneywood, and there were mineral branches also to ironstone pits near Ingleston.
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Under the floor of the east end of south aisle is the tomb Amee Washington who died in 1564, and her husband Lawrence who died in 1584. The tomb is covered by a slab of Hornton ironstone with monumental brasses set into it. There were originally six brasses in the set: a pair of figures of Lawrence and Amee Washington; a pair of smaller brasses, one their four sons, and one of their seven daughters; a brass of a family coat of arms and one with an inscription. The brasses of Amee Washington, the family coat of arms and the inscription are missing.
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The club was established in 1898, and was initially a works team for the Brymbo Ironstone Company.Mike Williams & Tony Williams (2016) Non-League Club Directory 2017, Tony Williams Publications, p428 Commercial Section Hook Norton F.C. In the 1980s they were playing in the Banbury & District League and were Premier Division champions for the first time in 1984–85. After winning the league on four more occasions, the club moved up to the Oxfordshire Senior League in 1998. They were promoted to the Premier Division at the first attempt, and went on to win the Premier Division in 1999–2000.
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The Frodingham Iron Company also opened in 1864, established by Joseph Cliff, a firebrick manufacturer from Wortley, Leeds who used experienced iron makers from Stockton-upon-Tees to establish the business. Both produced iron from their own local ironstone leases. North Lincolnshire Iron Works, was established by Daniel Adamson of Hyde, Manchester in 1866, supported by Lancashire capitalists; the business was supplied with ore from Winn's own mines. Over the next decade three more works were established: the Redbourn Hill Company, and the Lincolnshire Iron Smelting Company were supported by capital from Birmingham; the Appleby Iron works was established with capital from Scotland.
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The house, built of ironstone, remains broadly as it was originally designed, with nine bedrooms and four major reception rooms across two main floors. The top floor, with servants quarters, is hidden from view by balustrades around the side of the roof, and there is a large basement. The house has a number of unusual features - perhaps the most interesting being that the large portico traditional on such houses is placed at the rear, not the front. Each of the four facades are designed differently, with the west facade having a large semi-circular bow in it to contain an oval drawing room.
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St Vincent’s is a church of chiefly limestone rubble and ironstone fabrication, with ashlar details, and slate roofs. Of cruciform footprint, it comprises a chancel, double nave, tower with spire and belfry above a central crossing, north and south stub transepts, a north aisle, and a south porch. It dates in construction from the 13th to the 18th century, with 1860s additions and rebuilding, in mainly Early Decorated style, and Perpendicular. The tower sits centrally at a crossing between the nave and chancel (west and east), and north and south stub transepts, and, with its crocketed spire, reaches a total height of .
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The eldest son of Charles Winn of Nostell Priory, near Wakefield, he lived in the 1850s in another family property, Appleby Hall near Scunthorpe, and married Harriet Dumaresque. Aware that the area had produced iron in Roman times, he searched for ironstone on his land, and found it in 1859. He marketed it to iron-makers, leased land for mining, mined his own ore and encouraged the building of iron works. To transport the iron and to bring the coal necessary for the smelting, Winn campaigned for a railway to be built, which required the passage of an Act of Parliament.
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Mary Ann Hall (died January 29, 1886) ran a successful brothel from the 1840s until about 1878 at 349 Maryland Avenue SW, Washington, D.C., about four blocks west of the U.S. Capitol. Before the National Museum of the American Indian was built on the site in 1999, the Smithsonian Institution conducted an archeological excavation of the foundations and garbage dump of the house.Francis X. Clines, Archeology Find: Capital's Best Little Brothel, New York Times, April 18, 1999. Family graves at the Congressional Cemetery The expensive tableware in the garbage dump was made of ironstone and porcelain.
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At West Rigg, the iron mineralisation extends up to 60 m on each side of the vein. The Slitt Vein is predominantly composed of quartz, with smaller amounts of fluorite and uneconomic amounts of galena lead ore. The earliest mining activity at the site was the extraction of fluorite and galena from the Slitt Vein itself: the miners worked from levels driven into the vein from the west. In the late 19th century, quarrying of the ironstone began, the Slitt Vein being left untouched so that today it protrudes as a vertical 'rib' along the centre of the quarry.
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Compton has one of three churches of Farnham parish in the Church of England, St Mary's Church, built in 1918.Extent of Parish of St Andrew, Farnham and its churches and chapels The Church of England. Accessed 2015-03-20 This structure and Christian community building was built from local Bargate stone which is the stone of the Greensand Ridge and is a form of dense sandstone which is also an ironstone. On the boundary of the area are the ruins of the Cistercian Waverley Abbey managed by English Heritage and Mother Ludlam's Cave, connected by footpaths.
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At various times after 1896 when the Light Railways Act came into being, proposals were put forward by the Lastingham & Rosedale Light Railway Company to build a line northwards from the G&P; Line. The track was supposed to leave just west of Sinnington with a west to north facing junction, proceed up the valley to Lastingham and Rosedale with the eventual intent of connecting with the Rosedale Ironstone Railway. Parliament granted assent with subsequent amendments to the bill and work did start in 1902, but it soon ground to a halt and the railway was never completed.
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Doll was built by Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. in 1919 (works number 1641), and was one of three identical engines built for Hickmanas at Sydenham ironstone quarries, near Banbury in Oxfordshire. The quarries were closed in 1925 following the takeover by Stewarts & Lloyds Minerals in April 1925, and the three engines (named after Hickmans daughters) were transferred to Bilston steelworks, near Wolverhampton. The other two engines were Winifred (AB1424/1915) and Gertrude (AB1578/1918). Gertrude and Doll worked at Bilston until they were withdrawn from service in 1959, but WInifred seems to have been scrapped before 1939.
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In New South Wales it occurs in areas such as the Clarence River valley, Emmaville, Yetman, south to Waralda, while it ranges in Queensland north to Herberton. It is found in woodland on sandstone, ironstone or laterite ridges. Associated species include grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea) and eucalypts, such as drooping ironbark (Eucalyptus caleyi). Northwest of Glen Innes it is found in tall scrub on granitic soil uplands with other dominant species such as the she-oak species Allocasuarina brachystachya, wattle species Acacia williamsiana and the endangered Severn River heath-myrtle (Micromyrtus grandis) and understory shrubs such as Leucopogon neo-anglicus and fringe myrtle (Calytrix tetragona).
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As part of a major restructuring of British Steel in the late 1970s Corby Steelworks was closed down, and there was no longer any need for a large dragline to assist in the recovery of iron ore. On 4 July 1980 Sundew walked to its final resting place and the huge boom was lowered onto a purpose-built earth mound. There it remained for seven years until being scrapped from January to June of 1987. The cab and bucket are preserved at Rutland Railway Museum which is now known as Rocks By Rail – The Living Ironstone Museum.
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The Church of England parish church of Saint Mary the Virgin is built of the local ironstone, which is a ferrous Jurassic limestone. Parts of the south aisle date from the 13th century. However, most of the present building is Decorated Gothic and was built in the 14th century, including the chancel arch, nave arcades, east window and most of the windows in the south aisle. In the 15th century Perpendicular Gothic alterations were made including a clerestory added above the nave, the north aisle rebuilt with new windows, and both aisles extended eastwards to form side chapels.
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The Solway Junction Railway was built by an independent railway company to shorten the route from ironstone mines in Cumberland to ironworks in Lanarkshire and Ayrshire. It opened in 1869, and it involved a viaduct long crossing the Solway Firth, as well as approach lines connecting existing railways on both sides. The viaduct was susceptible to damage from floating ice sheets, and the rising cost of repairs and maintenance, and falling traffic volumes as the Cumberland fields became uncompetitive, led to closure of the viaduct in 1921. The viaduct and the connecting railways were dismantled, and now only the shore embankments remain.
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The Times Digital Archive It exploited local ironstone quarried from land owned by the Duke of Devonshire on the outskirts of the village. It developed into coal mining, owning several collieries and also into chemical production, first from those available from coal tar distillation, later to cover a wide and diverse range. Part of the plant at Staveley was a sulphuric acid manufacturing unit making use of the Contact Process. It was during the years of World War 1 that the company developed its chemical operations beyond coal- tar chemicals and began production of sulphuric and nitric acids.
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He lost no time in commissioning a survey which showed a large mineral field on the property. The estate was soon purchased from the trustees of Sir James Steuart Denham enabling the fortuitous establishment of an iron works on a proven mineral field. As well as the 'blackband' ironstone, there were considerable coal seams to be explored which would provide the fuel necessary to feed the furnaces. Transport problems were solved in 1841 with a rail link to Coatbridge and the business prospered, expanding into Ayrshire with the opening of the Dalmellington Iron Works and sinking several new coal- pits in the area.
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After agreeing suitable lease rights, the partnership of Bolckow and Vaughan began the erection of Witton Park Ironworks in 1845, the first ironworks in the Northeast of England. Due to the development of similar ironworks in Shropshire, many of the early workers were Irish and Welsh. With limestone and coal supplies from Witton Park, ironstone was initially obtained from established supplies within the West Midlands. No.1 Blast furnace was put into blast on St. Valentines Day 1846. The company started building No.5 blast furnace on the 24 May 1870, coming into operation on 17 April 1871.
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The area of north Staffordshire known today as the City of Stoke-on-Trent was already a thriving industrial area before the arrival of the railways. The establishment of the pottery industry and the development of coal and ironstone mines in the 18th century had provided a need for materials, most noticeably clay, to be brought into the area. A corresponding need also arose for the resulting fragile pottery goods to be taken away from the area. This need had given rise in the mid to late 18th century of the construction of the Trent & Mersey Canal (T&M;) and its various branches.
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On the morning of 19 February 1841, Hugh Tinney was on his way to Sydney with a herd of cattle. After stopping near the Ironstone bridge, which crosses the Wingcarribee River on the edge of Berrima, Tinney noticed a dingo rummaging in the undergrowth trying to get at whatever was hidden there. Tinney chased off the dingo, and a closer inspection revealed the body of a man. The man had received various severe blows to the back of his head by a large blunt instrument, and items on the dead man's body identified him as a local farmhand named Kearns Landregan.
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The church was constructed in the Doric style of the period, in the form of a Greek cross (i.e. legs of equal length), with walls nearly 1.5m (five feet) thick, constructed of unusually large kabok (clay ironstone) with coral and lime plaster. The high roof in the middle of the building resembles a dome and was originally arched with brick and roofed in blue Bangor slate roof tiles surmounted with a brazen lion. This lion had a crown on its head, bearing a sword in one hand and seven arrows in the other, representing the seven united provinces of the Dutch Republic.
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Everglades has associations with Henri van der Velde, an important businessman of the immediate pre-war years, and Paul Sorenson, notable garden designer and contractor active mainly in NSW. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. The setting is mainly natural with surrounding exotic trees evident to the north of the garden. The design qualities of Everglades are of a very high order: the garden is structured to provide a diverse range of spaces, each with a different character, with the unifying theme of the ironstone walls.
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The 1880 edition of the Ordnance Survey plan of the area shows 66 coal mines, along with a number of Ironstone mines. Mining around Cheadle was done on a relatively small scale compared with the nearby Potteries and many of the miners knew the owners of the mines, as most were owned by local landowners. In particular, the Whitehurst and Bamford families owned collieries around the Dilhorne area in a partnership. Their biggest concern was the Dilhorne Colliery, which was a large pit and incorporated the Old Engine Colliery, one of the first in Cheadle to have a Steam Engine.
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The River Cherwell near Edgcote, Northamptonshire The Cherwell is the northernmost Thames tributary. It rises in the ironstone hills at Hellidon, west of Charwelton near Daventry. Helidon Hill, immediately north, forms a watershed: on the south side, the Cherwell feeds the Thames, in turn the North Sea; opposite, the Leam feeds the Warwickshire's Avon through Worcestershire into the Severn, the head of the Bristol Channel. Another sources rises east of Charwelton and feeds headwaters of the Nene, an inflow of the North Sea at The Wash and the source of the similar River Great Ouse is nearby.
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The settlement of Potto can be traced to the 13th century, when it was owned by the Meynell family, as part of the manor of Whorlton. Part of the estate passed to Dame Elizabeth Strangways in the 16th century and then to the Earl of Rutland. Another part, held by the original de Potto family and awarded to different land owners by royal grant, was merged into the Whorlton estate of the Marquess of Ailesbury. In the 19th century, the village was connected by a rail freight line from Swainby to serve the ironstone and jet mines in the area.
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Oxfordshire is the home of Youlbury Scout Adventures, a nationally owned and run Scout activity centre with over a century of history with the Scout movement. In addition to a couple of campsites attached to Scout Group meeting places, the other campsite of note in the county is Horley Scout Camp in North Oxfordshire and run by the district of the same name. It offers camping, a climbing wall, archery and shooting along with two lodge buildings, one suitable for accommodation. Part of the former Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway is included in the north of the site including the former Horley sidings.
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60 In response to both Munro's screams and Field's panicked exclamation, Gray grabbed a section of ironstone brick weighing 32 lbs located close to where she had fallen.Trial of Field and Gray p. II She was then extensively bludgeoned about the face and head with this section of brick by Gray, causing her to die of shock, and although most likely deeply unconscious, Munro may have lived for up to thirty minutes before succumbing to her injuries.Trial of Field and Gray p. 10 Gray then concealed the girl's handbag beneath his coat before removing a 9ct.
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He had then struck the girl, rendering her unconscious and, fearing Munro would report him to the police, had then struck her head with the ironstone brick, "putting her right out", before burying her body. The Lord Chief Justice rejected these appeals on 18 January, describing the renewed accounts of events by both men as desperate, last-ditch fabrications concocted to escape the consequences of their crime by placing blame upon the other. Both men were executed at Wandsworth Prison at 8:00 a.m.Tracing Villains and Their Victims: A Guide to Criminal Ancestors for Family Historians p.
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Ironstone was discovered to the north of Kettering in 1858 when the Midland Railway mainline was driven through the hills. In 1876 quarrying started just to the west of the railway, with short horse-worked tramways used to haul the ore to a fan of sidings beside the Midland. An ironworks was constructed beside the sidings, opening in 1878. To feed the newly installed blast furnaces, the tramways were extended to new ore fields to the south and west. In 1879 a 3ft gauge steam locomotive arrived from Black, Hawthorn & Co to deal with the greater traffic.
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Examples of lace making and furniture making can still be found today.Sandiacre The discovery of local ironstone led to the development of Stanton Ironworks in 1787.Stoney Clouds LNR Sandiacre DB Cargo UK's Toton depot, which lies on the edge of Sandiacre, was a main employer in the town a number of years ago. Although there is currently no railway station, the town was once home to a terminal on the Midland Railway,The Andrews Pages : Sandiacre, Derbyshire : Kelly's Directory, 1891 and passenger trains travelling on the London St Pancras - Manchester Piccadilly line still passed along the border with Stapleford during 2003-2004.
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The Bell brothers' company operated its own ironstone mines at Normanby and Cleveland, and its own limestone quarries in Weardale, employing about 6000 men in mining and manufacturing. By 1878 the firm was producing 200,000 tons of iron per annum. Bell was a professional metallurgist and industrial chemist, constantly pioneering processes such as the recycling of heat from escaping flue gases, and trialling many process improvements. 1n 1859 Bell opened Britain's first factory able to manufacture aluminium, a metal which had been as costly as gold because of the difficulty of chemically reducing the metal from an oxide.
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2.1 billion year old rock from North America showing banded iron formation, displayed in Dresden, Saxony, Germany Banded iron formations (also known as banded ironstone formations or BIFs) are distinctive units of sedimentary rock consisting of alternating layers of iron oxides and iron-poor chert. They can be up to several hundred meters in thickness and extend laterally for several hundred kilometers. Almost all of these formations are of Precambrian age and are thought to record the oxygenation of the Earth's oceans. Banded iron formations are thought to have formed in sea water as the result of oxygen production by photosynthetic cyanobacteria.
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It is probable that in the Early Neolithic, the mound had a quarry ditch surrounding it, and it is inside this ditch that the kerb-stones now sit. The kerb-stones around the tomb display some patterning; those on the northern side are mostly rectilinear, while those on the southern side are smaller and largely irregular in shape. It is probable that there was an ancillary dry-stone wall constructed using blocks of ironstone from the geological Folkestone beds, as is evident at Chestnuts Long Barrow. Given that such blocks of stone rarely occur naturally, it may have been quarried.
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The Donnington Wood Canal was a private canal in East Shropshire, England, which ran from coal pits owned by Earl Gower at Donnington Wood to Pave Lane on the Wolverhampton to Newport Turnpike Road. It was completed in about 1767 and abandoned in 1904. The canal was part of a larger network of tub-boat canals, which were used for the transport of raw materials, particularly coal, limestone and ironstone, from the locations where they were mined to furnaces where the iron ore was processed. The canal was connected to the Wombridge Canal and the Shropshire Canal.
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It is native to an area in the Pilbara and Goldfields regions of Western Australia. Its range extends from coastal areas of the western Pilbara to around the Docker River then further east into the Northern Territory and to far north western South Australia. In Western Australia it is mostly located in the Hamersley and Ophthalmia Ranges where it is commonly situated on dunes or plains growing in sandy soils but also will grow in rocky red loamy soils with a pebble and along ridges of banded ironstone often in spinifex communities and can form forms dense thickets in alluvial washes.
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The first canal connecting Birmingham to the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal (and hence the River Severn, River Trent, and River Mersey) was the Birmingham Canal. This joined the Staffordshire and Worcestershire at Aldersley, near Wolverhampton. The Dudley Canal was seen as part of a scheme to transport coal from coalfields near Dudley to Stourbridge, where it would be used for industry. Limestone and ironstone were other potential cargos. A meeting was held in Stourbridge in February 1775, at which Robert Whitworth was commissioned to survey a route, and the whole cost of the project was promised.
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However, the granting of the "Free-chase of Ashdon" to John of Gaunt in 1372 and its renaming as Lancaster Great Park (see below) implies that the forest may only have been recently enclosed (chase denoted an open hunting ground, park an enclosed one). The condition of the forest pale seems to have deteriorated significantly during the Tudor period. This coincided with, and may be partly linked to, the rapid growth under the Tudors of the local iron-making industry with its huge demand for raw materials in and around Ashdown Forest, such as charcoal and ironstone.
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The 1896 extension to North JohnstoneThe Ayr main line had always had a station at Johnstone, and the terminal basin of the Glasgow, Paisley and Johnstone Canal was nearby. However industrial activity developed more intensively in the area north and east of the town. This was due in part to the availability of water power from the Black Cart Water, which ran round the north of the town, with extensive mill leats constructed serving textile mills by 1857. In addition, ironstone and coal deposits were being worked, with at least two tramways serving them by the same date.
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For example, carstone, also known as ironstone, is a type of sandstone that is commonly used for galleting. In sandstone buildings, the spalls are usually shaped into small cubes about half an inch in diameter and are flush with the stone. In flint buildings, the edges of thin slivers of flint are commonly pushed into the mortar, so that the surface of the wall is uneven and the edges of the flint spalls jut out from the wall. In some cases, these techniques are combined such that flint walls are galleted with sandstone spalls or vice versa, however it is uncommon.
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The hill is an outlier of the North York Moors uplands. It is formed from sandstone laid down in the Middle and Lower Jurassic periods, between 208 and 165 million years ago, which constitutes the youngest sandstone to be found in any of the national parks in England and Wales. Its distinctive conical shape is the result of the hill's hard sandstone cap protecting the underlying shales and clays from erosion by the effects of ice, wind and rain. Until 1912, the summit resembled a sugarloaf, until a geological fault and possibly nearby alum and ironstone mining caused its collapse.
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The cemetery is located on Ponton Heath, an area of high ground several miles south of the market town of Grantham. It is centred approximately northeast of the hamlet of Hungerton and southwest of the village of Stroxton. The centre of the area is occupied by the backfilled remains of an ironstone quarry which was active from the 1950s to the 1970s; this activity was responsible for the destruction of five barrows in 1959. Of the surviving monuments, Barrow A is located to the north of the former works, on the parish boundary between Wyville cum Hungerton and Little Ponton and Stroxton.
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Walker was born in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Yorkshire in 1873 to William Walker, a mines' engineer, and his wife Margaret. The 1881 census records Walker at the age of eight now living in Guisborough along with his parents and five siblings. He was educated at Durham School. He served his time as a mining engineer at Bearpark Colliery, Durham and later gained his certificate of competence as a manager. In 1902, following posts as manager of ironstone mines in East Cleveland, North Yorkshire, he was appointed Assistant Inspector of Mines, initially in the Southern district, moving in 1905 to the Durham district.
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He instructed his mining engineer, John Marley, to study Cleveland's geology.The legend and the reality of the discovery are described in more detail at John Marley: "Discovery". On 8 June 1850, the two of them walked the Cleveland Hills and quickly found a plentiful source, in the shape of the main seam of Cleveland IronstoneCooper, 2011 "above sixteen feet" (about five metres) thick. Bolckow and Vaughan moved rapidly: within 12 weeks, they had signed agreements with the landowners, started the first mine, built a tramway to carry the ironstone, and delivered the first load of seven tones to Witton Park.
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The northern part of the parish is well wooded, the farmland being a mix of pasture and arable. Ironstone deposits on the lower slopes of the escarpment have been quarried in the pre-industrial era leaving parts of River Common pitted and scarred, now overgrown by naturally regenerated broadleaved woodland. To the south of the sandstone ridge the land slopes gently down to the River Rother having very fertile free draining soils on greensand which are divided into large fields and mostly used for intensive vegetable production. Some of the upper slopes have recently been planted with grape vines.
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There was plentiful "bog" iron ore in Uxbridge, and at least three local forges for metal working and a working triphammer established by Caleb Handy at Ironstone, Massachusetts. In 1810/1811 Daniel Day completed the first woolen mill at Uxbridge in 1809, a town that one day would be headquarters and next in line to become America's largest woolen company."Business: Time Clock," Time, March 29, 1954 Jerry married Sukey Day (1789–1875), the daughter of Daniel and Sylvia Wheelock (maiden; 1764–1842) January 24, 1811, in Uxbridge. Jerry soon became a full partner with Daniel Day &vCo.
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Many of the original early plantings have been removed over time and there has been a major garden refurbishment since the 1970s. A modern swimming pool has been installed in the front garden. The remnants of the early layout include part of an ironstone gravel drive, fine lawns, the gravelled forecourt to the stables behind (west) of the house and large old trees. The trees of most heritage value are considered to be the two pines which include hoop pines (Araucaria cunninghamii), brown pine (Podocarpus elatus), Canary Island pine (Pinus canariensis), and Monterey pines (Pinus radiata).
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Hollybush was originally the home of the Whitney family, and it was the first of its kind in South Jersey. It set a certain precedent with its Italianate architectural style, and its interior decorations attest to this precedent. Two of these significantly unique features of the house are the trompe de l'oeil ceilings in the parlor as well as the Summit Room, and the painted glass archway above and around the front door. The stone used in construction of Hollybush was New Jersey Ironstone, a sedimentary type stone found in the low hills and ridges of South Jersey.
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The village where the Mowrys lived came to be known as "Quaker City" and is said to be among the earliest places of industrialization in the US. It is part of the historic Blackstone Valley National Heritage Corridor, which is of national significance to the earliest industrialization of the US. There was an iron forge at Ironstone, Massachusetts, just south of Quaker City, started by Benjamin Taft in 1734. Caleb Handy added a triphammer after the American Revolution. The Quakers built buildings from bricks from Moses Farnum's farm. Bog Iron from near the Blackstone River provided the ore for metal working.
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The remains of a tramway, built about 1796, linking a limestone quarry on the north side of the mountain with the ironworks at Blaenavon can be seen near . Hill's Tramroad extends around the western flanks of the hill and drops steeply down to Llanfoist by means of a series of inclines beneath Cwm Craf. There are extensive abandoned workings for limestone around the northern and eastern rim of Blorenge and in the vicinity of Foxhunter car park and to its south, abandoned sandstone quarries. Traces of the former practice of hushing for ironstone can be seen near to Keeper's Pond.
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The discovery, and an unprecedented period of growth in the iron trade during the mid-1840s, prompted Sir Robert to develop his works at Tondu and open-up the Tywith coal and ironstone mine near present-day Nantyffyllon, Maesteg. Typically for the iron trade, prices fell sharply after the short-lived boom period and, as a result, the Tondu Works struggled to survive through the early 1850s and Sir Robert Price faced bankruptcy. However, because of the progress made during the years 1843-1847, the Tondu Ironworks and associated mines formed a significant pocket of production in mid-Glamorgan with some potential.
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The area generally is also often referred to as Ironstone, Massachusetts. In the 1820-30s, nearby Aldrich Village sprang up as a community of the extended family of the Aldriches. The Aldrich family were Quakers and their community included their homes, businesses including the Jacob Aldrich Farm (and Orchard) at 389 Aldrich Street which is a light colored brick home made in a kiln nearby on River Road. 364 Aldrich Street was owned by Daniel Aldrich who ran a saw mill, a blacksmith shop and a wheelwright shop which produced numerous products such as roof shingles, wagons, and lumber.
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Combine with this an insatiable appetite for manufactured goods driven by the Industrial Revolution and a cohort of shrewd opportunist business speculators, and it may come as no surprise that Middlesbrough developed rapidly, led by Bolckow Vaughan, which mined and refined iron, and manufactured goods from it. The town grew from a mere idea in the late-1820s, to become the commercial centre of one of the world's greatest iron and steel producing regions in little over two generations. By 1881, the year of Middlesbrough's Golden Jubilee, output of ironstone drawn from the Cleveland ore-field exceeded 6,000,000 tons (6,096,360 tonnes).
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The seams are relatively persistent in an east-west direction, but shale-partings intervene and thicken to the south at the expense of the ironstone. In East Cleveland the strata pass through a structural syncline known as the Skelton Syncline where the Main Seam descends to around below sea level around North Skelton. The whole formation thins and becomes less-ferruginous to the south as the Main Seam, itself much diminished, oversteps each of the underlying seams one-by-one. Strata of this age are completely absent at the southerly limit of the Yorkshire Basin around Market Weighton.
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Friday Street is part of the relatively sparsely populated civil parish of Wotton. Central to Friday Street on most maps is its hammer pond, fed by the Friday Street stream, a tributary of the River Tillingbourne. It is one of three in the Vale of Holmesdale in Surrey, being in a narrow band of ironstone-rich hills, the Greensand Ridge. These were in use from the medieval age until the early 19th century when wholly surpassed by metalwork production specialist centres, principally Sheffield and the West Midlands, assisted by cheap inter-regional transport, coal replacing charcoal as a fuel and by technological advances.
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Its curtain wall is high and almost wide, made of coursed flint rubble reinforced with mural timbers, with ironstone slabs in the putlog and drawbar holes used in its construction.; ; It was built in two phases, the first two thirds in the 11th century, and the upper in 1130, in part reusing Roman tiles, and it was equipped with three sets of garderobes.; The north side of the wall collapsed in the 19th century, and the terrace edge is stabilised by a modern concrete wall. The inner bailey is reached using a bridge over the moat.
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The mounds of the Black Desert, up to 100 m high, vary in size, composition, height, and shape as some are dark consisting of iron quartzite while others are more reddish as its surface rocks consist of iron sandstone. On the outskirts of the Black Desert are volcanic hills proving the eruption of dark volcanic dolerite, dating back to the Jurassic period 180 million years ago.A.M. Afify, M.E. Sanz-Montero, J.P. Clavo, H.A. Wanas; Diagenetic origin of ironstone crusts in the Lower Cenomanian Bahariya Formation, Bahariya Depression, Western Desert, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences 2015, vol.
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In 1990 Roman Bratasiuk founded Clarendon Hills winery in Clarendon south of Adelaide, part of the McLaren Vale Wine Region in South Australia. Clarendon was selected as a base because of the significant number of old vineyards (50 to 90 years). The township of Clarendon was established in 1880 by European migrants, who brought with them pre-clonal, original French vine cuttings and propagated vineyards across the surrounding hilltops. Clarendon is home to hugely varied terrain with sandy, clay based soils in the lower elevated regions and contrasted with shattered shale and ironstone rich, quartz ridden soils in the highest areas.
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He began his career in the family bank, J. & J. W. Pease, of which he later became both a director and partner. He held similar positions in Pease & Partners, whose subsidiary interests embraced collieries, Ironstone mines, limestone quarries, as well as iron manufacturing, fabrication and construction. In the course of his years, he served as managing director, Vice-Chairman (1907) and chairman (1927) of the Owners of the Middlesbrough Estate. From 1885 until 1892 he was one of the two Liberal Members of Parliament returned for York, and then from 1897 until 1902 the Cleveland division of Yorkshire.
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The tree is found along the coast in the Kimberley region of Western Australia as far west as Broome extending east into the Northern Territory. It grows in a variety of habitat including sandplains, floodplains, creek beds, ridges, among vine thickets and on the edges of areas of mangroves. It grows in sandy, peaty or clay soils around sandstone or ironstone. In the Northern Territory the tree is found mostly in the western portion of the top end from the Western Australian border to Arnhem Land but is found as far east as Limmen National Park.
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"Young and old harmonize perfectly at latest Ironstone", Calaveras Enterprise, September 4, 2012 In October, she performed with the Dallas Symphony Orchestra at the opening of Klyde Warren Park in Dallas, Texas.Prejean, Jean. "12-Year-Old Jackie Evancho Sang for Everyone’s Supper at Klyde Warren Park Donor Dinner", D magazine, October 25, 2012"Owen Wilson, Ross Perot and others celebrate Klyde Warren Park's opening in 'An Evening Under the Stars'". The Dallas Morning News, October 24, 2012 Evancho partnered with WhyHunger and Sephora to offer a bath product, named for her song "To Believe", to benefit WhyHunger's efforts to end world hunger.
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The origin of this fantasy is obscure, though the station's sidings were primarily to serve a nearby ironstone quarry.Butler, P., (2007) A History of the Railways of Northamptonshire, Great Addington: Silver Link Publishing For most of its existence although on the bank of the river Nene it was without mains water, which had to be brought in each day by train. The Station Master had the power to stop any train so that his family could travel to Wellingborough and its remoteness meant that it saw little business and it closed to passengers in 1924. It was occasionally used by railwaymen until 1952.
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Oodla Wirra is a former railway town, as it was on the narrow-gauge railway between Port Pirie and Cockburn (where it connected to the Silverton Tramway to Broken Hill). When the Commonwealth Government replaced the narrow gauge line with a standard gauge line, the revised route passed south and east of the town. A railway guard was killed in a shunting accident in the Oodla Wirra railyards in 1909. In 1889, ironstone flux was mined from a failed silver mine a few miles away, and carted to Oodla Wirra to be transported by rail to the smelters at Port Pirie.
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In the two fields below Nortoft (Danish/Norse: Toft is a place and/or house or farm or clearing; Nor- may mean to the north (of what?)) at the spring line below the Ironstone, on both sides of the road, lie the remains of a Saxon fishponds complex with associated village lying at the top of the fish ponds. The outlines of ponds are visible, along with house platforms and the remnants of a track (East West) are still visible. They would have been fed by water from the spring line. Spring based water course still flow on both sides of Nortoft.
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Located at the centre of the village, Saint Mary's church dates from the 14th century, and was built in the decorated style. It has been suggested that an earlier structure may have sat at this site prior to the current building. The list of incumbents reveals that a rector, Eias Capellinus de Everdone, was appointed in 1218 and the font certainly predates the current church. Local ironstone was used in the construction of the church, and it is believed that the Bernay Monks were involved in the work, importing their own stonemason from France to complete the work.
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Extensions followed, and enabled the G&SWR; eventually to reach Stranraer and Portpatrick, as well as Greenock and Largs. Those routes may be considered as radiating from Glasgow, with the addition of the long west-east trajectory of the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway and the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway; the development of all of these routes is traced on other pages. An important part of the business of the G&SWR; and its predecessor company was carrying minerals, chiefly ironstone and coal, and several lines were built to achieve that object. In general they cut across the radiating main lines, and are not necessarily contiguous.
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The Kettering, Thrapston and Huntingdon Railway was an English railway line opened throughout in 1866. It connected the Midland Railway main line at Kettering to ironstone deposits to the south-east of the town, as well as opening up the agricultural district around Thrapston and reaching the regional centre of Huntingdon. The hoped-for expansion of agricultural was limited and local traffic did not develop; at the same time the difficult alignment and gradients of the line discouraged heavy use as a through line. A basic passenger service operated through from Kettering to Cambridge, by using running powers east of Huntingdon via St Ives.
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On May 1, 1849 the Southbridge and Blackstone Railroad was incorporated to extend the line west from Blackstone to Southbridge. On its way to Douglas, this railroad passed through Ironstone, where there was a factory that made Kentucky Blue Jeans, and a nearby iron forge. The Midland Railroad was incorporated May 2, 1850 to build a new entrance to Boston, merging with the existing one south of Dedham. The two companies were consolidated with the Norfolk County Railroad on December 12, 1853 to form the Boston and New York Central Railroad, which had the intent of continuing southwest through Connecticut all the way to New York City.
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Eswatini is the only country entirely underlain by the Kaapvaal Craton. Eswatini is built on 3.6 to 2.5 billion year old Archean continental crust that forms the Kaapvaal Craton spanning into South Africa, northern Lesotho, western Mozambique, Botswana and southern Zimbabwe. The Precambrian rocks of Eswatini from this period are primarily gneiss and granite, formed between 3.4 and 2.6 billion years ago, based on rubidium-strontium dating analysis in 1976. The two rock units of the basement in Eswatini are the Ancient Gneiss Complex and 20 kilometer thick mafic and ultramafic volcanic rocks of the Paleoarchean Swaziland Supergroup includes tonalite gneiss, ironstone, conglomerate and other sediments.
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The harbour at Borrowstounness (Bo'ness) was also not far from Causewayend, and a connection to it was desirable, enabling export and coastwise mineral trade. In addition there were ironstone pits and blast furnaces at Kinneil. The nominally independent Slamannan and Borrowstounness Railway (S&BR;) had been promoted by the Slamannan company to connect to Bo'ness Harbour, with a link to the E&GR; west of Bo'ness Junction (later Manuel) so aligned as to allow through running from the Polmont direction to Bo'ness. The unbuilt line was absorbed into the Monkland Railways at the time of formation of that company, but the subscribed capital of £105,000 was to be kept separate.
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A Bronze-Age tumulus, funerary urn, and stone hammer or battle axe were discovered at Low Hill in 1879. They imply the presence of Celtic Britons. During the British Iron Age, this part of Britain was occupied by the Brigantes, but, despite ancient kilns used for dry ironstone smelting found at Tunshill, it is unlikely that the tribe was attracted to the natural resources and landscape of the Milnrow area on a lasting basis. Remains of a silver statue of the Roman goddess Victoria and Roman coins were discovered at Tunshill Farm in 1793, and it is surmised that Romans traversed this area in communication with the Castleshaw Roman Fort.
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Sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic age underlie most parts of the island north of the Sleat Peninsula. They are hidden beneath Palaeogene volcanic rocks over most of this area, being exposed only on the eastern and northern coasts of the Trotternish peninsula, on the Strathaird peninsula and between the Red Hills and Sleat. Triassic rocks of the Stornoway Formation are found near Broadford, a sequence of sandstones and conglomerates deposited by rivers. These beds are overlain by the lower Jurassic Lias Group with the Broadford Beds at the base, passing up into the Pabay Shale Formation, the Scalpay Sandstone Formation the Portree Shale Formation and the Raasay Ironstone Formation.
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Lancet windows were built into the walls in the 13th century. Greatham Church is a tiny, primitive, unrestored building dating from the "Saxo-Norman overlap" period when Anglo-Saxon architecture was giving way to the Norman style. The writer Arthur Mee was once told not to mistake the church for a haystack: set in the middle of fields and on its own apart from the manor house, it has an extremely basic and modest feel—amplified by its lack of electricity and piped water. The walls, of unequal length and thickness, are principally of ironstone with some chalk, flint, Roman-era masonry and rubble, local (Pulborough) sandstone and Horsham Stone.
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Tower of St James' Church Gretton War Memorial Most of the earlier houses – a fair number dating from the 17th century – are built of local limestone, sometimes banded with darker ironstone and roofed with thatch or Collyweston stone slate. The buildings in Gretton are of a wide variety in age and architectural style, ranging from the centuries-old 'Corner Cottage' in Arnhill Road, to a relatively modern housing estate on the south-east side of the village. The Old School House, built in 1853, was the first purpose-built school in the village. The infants' classroom at the east end housed 70 children at times.
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Die Hardy mallee is found on ironstone slopes north of Bullfinch in the Coolgardie, Murchison and Yalgoo biogeographic regions of Western Australia, where it grows in sandy soils. It forms part of low woodland communities that cover a substantial part of the base of the Mount Manning Nature Reserve, occurring on flat sandy plains in broad valleys with sandy loam soil types. The low woodlands on plains are made up of high trees over an understorey of Triodia rigidissima. The composition of the flora is complex with several intermediate strata of tall and low shrubs consisting of Grevillea acuaria, Bossiaea walkeri and various species of Eremophila.
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Jennie Shirreff Eddy, a former nurse and wealthy widow, donated $300,000 for the development and construction of a residence hall to be named in memory of her parents. At the time, it would be the largest donation ever given to Dalhousie. The hall was designed by Frank Darling of Toronto and Andrew R. Cobb of Halifax, the primary architects who had already designed the other buildings on the Studley campus. Because the use of ironstone in buildings was beginning to be questioned (as the mortar proved to crumble with time), Darling found a new and promising type of stone, a pinkish quartzite from New Minas, Nova Scotia.
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In the 1850s the West Somerset Mineral Railway was nearing completion. Parts of the harbour had fallen into disrepair, and boats were beached and loaded direct from carts brought onto the foreshore. It was recognised that improvements were needed for the sake of the prosperity of the town and the export of iron ore from ironstone mines in the Brendon Hills to Newport and thence to Ebbw Vale for smelting. The Watchet Harbour Act was passed in 1857, placing it under the control of Commissioners; they built a new east pier and rebuilt the west pier; the work was finished in 1862, and 500 ton vessels could enter the harbour.
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The Parish Church of Saint Andrew is constructed from the local Northamptonshire Ironstone and was built between the 12th and 13th centuries, although very little remains of this original, having been restored in late 18th century.The Buildings of England, Northamptonshire, by Nikolaus Pevsner, 2nd Edition revised by Bridget Cherry, Whilton entry. The tower had a ring of 6 bells, which had been given in 1777 by the patron of the time William Lucas Rose, who also paid for their installation and the building work. Three of these original bells and three newer replacements were recast and, with added metal, were made into a ring of eight bells in 1994.
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Hibernation sites include Buckshraft Mine & Bradley Hill Railway Tunnel, Devil's Chapel Scowles, Old Bow And Old Ham Mines and Westbury Brook Ironstone Mine. The Wye Valley and Forest of Dean are one of the main locations for Lesser horseshoe bats because of the deciduous woodlands and, sheltered valleys, which provide a good feeding area, and the underground systems which provide roosting and breeding sites. The citations for the series of sites provide common information. Wye Valley and Forest of Dean Bat Sites/ Safleoedd Ystlumod Dyffryn Gwy a Fforest y Ddena are recognised as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) under the EU Habitats Directive.
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Above the windows runs a moulding, defining the roof edge at the base of the parapet, holding two gargoyles which drain the aisle roof. Two double-stepped angle buttresses support the aisle on its north wall, with a third diagonal buttress at the north-west corner. The south aisle shows a plain parapet above coursed ironstone with ashlar edgings reflecting the lower stages of the tower. Three three-light windows, one plain glazed to the west of the porch, two stained to the east, are of same style to those of the north aisle, but with added facetted details between the head arches and the frames.
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Coal was the dominant mineral, but some blackband ironstone was being extracted and limestone was being fired on the northern shore of the Forth. A Special Meeting of E&GR; shareholders was held on 12 May 1846 to give approval to the merger and the promotion of the Stirling and Dunfermline line.Falkirk Herald and Stirlingshire Monthly Advertiser, 14 May 1846 A 35-year lease contract had been agreed, paying 4% rent on the construction cost of the S&D; after 35% of receipts for operating expenses.Dundee, Perth, and Cupar Advertiser: Friday 12 September 1845 The Stirling and Dunfermline Railway was authorised on 16 July 1846.
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A typical Tifton soil profile consists of an topsoil of dark grayish brown loamy sand. The subsoil extends to about 65 inches, strong brown fine sandy loam to 22 inches; yellowish brown sandy clay loam to 40 inches; yellowish brown mottled, sandy clay loam to 60 inches, and strong brown, mottled sandy clay to 65 inches. Two distinctive features of the Tifton soil profile are the presence of more than 5 percent ironstone nodules in the upper part of the soil and more than 5 percent plinthite in the lower part of the soil. Tifton soils are on nearly level to gently sloping uplands of the Southern Coastal Plain.
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The museum offers an open-air site dedicated to recreating an ironstone tramway system in its entirety from the extraction of iron ore from a 'first cut' quarry face reproduced in the quarry viewing area to the exchange sidings with the BR rail head. The museum aims to preserve and operate industrial locomotives and mineral wagons from local quarry railways as well as artefacts related to quarry railways in general. The museum site is based on a typical 1950s or early 1960s quarry system when both steam and diesel power was evident in the industry. The branch line linked to the Melton Mowbray to Oakham main line at Ashwell Signal Box.
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Denton Manor ( 52°52'58.17"N 0°43'15.72"W ) house is a Grade II listed 17th-century house standing in Denton Park. It is constructed of coursed ironstone rubble with ashlar quoins and Collyweston diminishing coursed slate roof in two storeys to an L-shaped plan with a 5 bay frontage. It was built by Marshall Sisson for Sir Bruno Welby, with extensive alterations and additions in 1953 and 1965. Another larger house, generally known as Denton Hall, was rebuilt by the Welby family in 1879 on the site of an earlier house to the designs of architect Sir Arthur Blomfield, was restored after a fire in 1906 but demolished in 1940.
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One of the biggest and most important local employers was the Stanton Ironworks, later known as Stanton and Staveley - the continuation of a long-standing tradition of iron working in this area. There has been evidence of iron working and quarrying in the area since Roman times, and the industry began blossoming into a huge industrial concern in the 1780s. By the mid-19th century there were several blast furnaces and the production rose from around 500 tons of pig iron per month to 7,000 at the end of the century. The Stanton Ironworks acquired a number of smaller ironstone quarrying and ironworks companies.
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The type deposits are those at Pannawonnica and Robe River, in the Pilbara of Western Australia, which are currently mined by Rio Tinto Iron Ore. Channel iron deposits are rarer outside of the West Australian landmass, due to the relative youth of the regolith in the rest of the continental land masses, although there are smaller examples in Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstan deposits are Oligocene in age and occur as ooidal ironstone deposits of deltaic or fluvial origin in the north-eastern continental sediments of northern Turgai and Aral'sk Districts. They occur on valleys excavated from uplifted Paleogene marine strata during subtropical conditions in the Late Oligocene.
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The works was founded by the pioneer industrialist John 'Iron Mad' Wilkinson. Wilkinson, who had owned the nearby Bersham Ironworks jointly with his brother William, purchased Brymbo Hall and its 500-acre estate from the Assheton-Smith family in 1792 for the sum of £14,000, some of which may have been lent by Boulton and Watt.Davis, R. John Wilkinson - Ironmaster Extraordinary The estate was rich in coal and ironstone deposits, several small coal pits having existed even before Wilkinson purchased the estate. By 1796 Wilkinson had erected the first blast furnace on the site, east of the Hall, 884 tons of iron being produced in this first year.
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It is native to an area in the Mid West, Goldfields and Pilbara regions of Western Australia where it has a scattered distribution from the Pilbara region in the from the east of Paraburdoo north down to around Meekatharra in the south west and Leinster in the south extending out to around Mount Nossiter in the Little Sandy Desert in the eastern edge of its range. It is often situated on ridges and rocky slopes near the base of ranges composed of banded ironstone growing in skeletal soils as a part of open shrubland communities where it is usually associated with Acacia aneura, Acacia sibirica and Eremophila jucunda.
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It is native to a large area in the Pilbara and northern Goldfields regions of Western Australia where its distribution is scattered and its range extends from around north west of Wiluna in the south then eastwards into the Gibson Desert. In the north it is found on Balfour Downs and Ethel Creek Stations as well as in the Hamersley Range. The species shares much of the range of Acacia thoma. It is often situated on gently undulating plains and stony hardpan plains with skeletal shallow red-brown loamy soils mixed with ironstone pebbles and cobbles as a part of open Mulga woodland communities, sometimes with a spinifex understorey.
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The Covenanter army under General William Baillie formed near Banton for their engagement with the Royalist forces under the command of Montrose at the Battle of Kilsyth on August 15, 1645; a major battle of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. In 1767, William Cadell, the original managing partner of the Carron Company, bought the Banton estate and its ironstone field. A church was built in Banton when Dr. Burns of Kilsyth encouraged Archibald Edmonstone, William Cadell, Daniel Lusk (of the paper mill) and William Campbell each to contribute 50 guineas to the scheme. The school and schoolmaster's house were built around the same time.
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Shadrach Fox ran the Wombridge Iron Works in Oakengates and with Abraham Darby was involved in experiments on methods of producing pig iron in a blast furnace fuelled by coke rather than charcoal. This was a major step forward in the production of iron as a raw material for the Industrial Revolution . In 1701 he placed his brother in charge of the blast furnace, at Wombridge to which Isaac Hawkins supplied a large quantity of coal and ironstone, which suggests that they already smelted iron with coke there - a major technological breakthrough which is now solely commemorated at nearby Coalbrookdale. Ferrous metallurgy Oakengates has Telford's main theatre.
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The purpose of the link was to facilitate the running of ironstone traffic from South Wales to (which had previously gone via the Alcester to Hatton Branch Line) and also to enable the closure of the line between Stratford and . In the event, the traffic did not materialise and the curve closed on 5 July 1965. Due to increased motor vehicle usage, the number of passengers using the Racecourse station decreased and it was closed on 25 March 1968 following the withdrawal of the twice-daily DMU which ran between and . Freight services continued to pass through the station until 1 November 1976 when the line itself was closed.
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Doggartland House at Drakemyre may derive its name from 'Dogger' which is Scots for a course ironstone, much mined in the area as witnessed by waste bings below Ryefield and at Flashwood. An impressive, but now largely redundant cast iron bridge crosses the Rye Water within the grounds of Doggartland House. This bridge has very elaborate cast-iron balustrades and the nearby house has been described as 'Italianate' and the driveway is guarded by two pairs of quirky gatepiers, one tall and the other small, octagonal with panels at the top (See photograph). Doggartland Farm was the property of the Blair Estate in the 1870s.
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Within Great Britain, Cornish families were attracted from Cornwall to North East England—-particularly on Teesside, East Cleveland—-to partake in ironstone and alum mining as a means to earn wealth by using their mining skill. This has resulted in a concentration of Cornish names on and around Teesside that persists into the 21st century. Other areas settled by Cornish miners were Roose in Cumbria and parts of south Wales. In addition Cornish farming families took advantage of cheap agricultural land to relocate to north west Essex, specifically the Great Dunmow area, where the surrounding villages of Stebbing and Lindsell boast descendants with Cornish surnames such as Lanyon, Menhinick and Trembath.
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In 1870, Wellingborough businessman James Rixon opened a brickworks on the west side of the Midland Railway line, opposite the terminus of the Finedonhill Tramway. In 1874, they expanded into iron ore quarrying, leasing land for a quarry to the south of Finedon village. They laid a gauge horse-drawn tramway along the side of the Finedon Road (now the A510) to transport the ore to sidings just to the north of their brickworks. By 1884 their ironstone quarrying was more successful than their brickworks, and they installed a blast furnace at the western end of the tramway in order to maximise profits from their ore.
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To avoid damaging aquifers across the route, the tunnel is designed to stay deep within the Redcar Mudstone Formation. The Redcar Mudstone Formation is less permeable to water and the route also avoids any former ironstone workings in the Redcar and Cleveland area. The cost of the tunnel was estimated at £1.1 billion in November 2018, and when complete, the tunnel will be the longest that is wholly within the United Kingdom. The conveyor will be robust enough to transport between 10 and 20 million tonnes of polyhalite when the mine is in full production with the raw mineral being transported to Teesside for granulation and onward shipping.
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The area around Bradley and Wednesbury was occupied by coal mines and ironstone mines, and the ironmaster John Wilkinson built a furnace and ironworks near Bradley. The Birmingham Canal Navigations (BCN) Old Main Line wound its way through the area in a circuitous fashion, following the contour. It had been authorised by Act of Parliament on 28 February 1768, and was opened for traffic between Wolverhampton and the Worcester & Birmingham Canal at Gas Street Basin on 21 September 1772. A little further to the north, the Broadwaters Canal was built by the Birmingham & Birmingham & Fazeley Canal Company, an amalgamation of two rival concerns once an Act of Parliament had been obtained.
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The rocks underlying this part of Northumberland were laid down during the Carboniferous Period when variations in sea level resulted in successive deposits of limestone, shale, sandstone, and coal, known in the UK as Yoredale Series and in the US as cyclothems. The water of the Haltwhistle Burn has cut through these deposits giving access to building stone, clay and coal, leading to the development of the associated industries of quarrying, lime burning, brick, tile and pipe manufacture, coal mining and coke (fuel) and coal-gas production. Ironstone, found in association with the coal seams was also smelted on the banks of the burn.Ancient Frontiers.
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Because the Caldon Canal was promoted and built by the proprietors of the Trent & Mersey Canal Company, as such it is more properly called the Caldon Branch of that canal. It was built to carry limestone from Caldon Low Quarries which was transported to Froghall wharf via three inclined tramways. Other important traffic for the canal was coal from the Cheadle Coalfield and ironstone from the several iron ore mines in the Churnet valley and Kingsley area. The canal was subject to considerable mining subsidence in the Etruria area, which eventually led to the need for an entirely new lock, Planet Lock, with a rise of just , to adjust the levels.
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The 13th-century north aisle is of limestone and ironstone work, with a string course at the eaves, and a plinth--defined by a simple raised band below the line of the windows--broken by an blocked chamfered and arched doorway to the west end. Both ends of the aisle are supported by clasping buttresses terminated with gables. An angled buttress of the same style sits between the two identical rectangular north windows, each of three lights with cusped ogee heads. The north aisle pointed west window opening has a chamfered reveal and a hood mould, with an inset window of two simple pointed lights.
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These trees have been replaced. A further terrace is reached at the level of the lower drive before the formal terraces and exotic plantings merge with the natural bushland. Pathways become more informal as they lead down to the lookout, which gives extensive views over the valley of the Gordon Falls and out in the Jamison Valley. From this point one path leads down past a fern-covered cliff face rich in ironstone to end at the Grotto Pool, which fits so perfectly into its setting that is difficult to believe that it is not a natural feature retained in the garden by Sorensen.
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A wooden rampart was also constructed; there is evidence that Hunsbury hill fort's inner ramparts were burned down and vitrified; this is rare in England.Northampton Archaeological Society: Hunsbury Hillfort . 2004. Retrieved 17 August 2009 Ironstone extraction began at the hill fort in about 1883, after an attempt to have the site protected under the Ancient Monuments Act of 1882 failed due to the cost of compensating the landowner. Many of the fort's internal features were destroyed, but the work revealed up to 300 pits which, according to the curator of Northampton Museum in 1887, contained "numerous artefacts that now comprise one of the finest collections... of Prehistoric antiquities in England".
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In addition to collieries, he was interested in quarries and ironstone mines in Durham and North Yorkshire, as well as in cotton and woollen manufactures, and he was active in educational and philanthropic work. Statue of Pease in Darlington town centre In 1832, Pease was elected Member of Parliament for South Durham. As a Quaker, he was not immediately allowed to take his seat, because he refused to take the oath of office. Setting a precedent, a special committee considered the question and decided that Pease could affirm, rather than swear and thus, he was allowed to take his seat in Parliament, the first Quaker so to do.
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A mutilated cruck truss is visible in a derelict stone cottage north of the road to Easton. The former Plough Inn is a stone building, partly thatched, of which the older portions probably date from the 17th century. A stone cottage on the road to Easton has a tablet of 1791, a date at which ironstone was evidently still in general use. The village contains several 19th-century brick cottages, including a row dated 1870. There are two pairs of council houses on the Great Easton road built after the First World War and three pairs on the road to Nevill Holt, built in 1950.
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The sandhill dunnart is listed as “vulnerable” under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It is afforded some protection within reserves, such as the Ironstone Hill Conservation Park and the Yellabinna Wilderness Protection Area in South Australia, and the Queen Victoria Spring Nature Reserve in Western Australia. In 2001, a national recovery plan listing several actions to aid in the recovery of the species was published. These actions included preventing further habitat clearance, conducting surveys in areas likely to support the species, implementing monitoring programs for key populations, and conducting research on captive individuals to increase understanding of this species’ reproductive biology.
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Ironstone, siltstone and brown sandstone rubble and boulders was used for the core of the castle walls, some of it taken from the local cliffs. The castle would have been entered through the entrance bastion. The core of this building was constructed in the second phase of work on the castle and was initially a square one-storey construct, across, before being extended forward by an additional to form a circular bastion; an additional floor was then added on top in the third phase. The internal walls have mostly been destroyed, but the ground floor chambers would have been used for administration, and possibly as living rooms for the deputy captain.
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The Cleveland ironstone had been considered inferior for steelmaking, as it contained a relatively high percentage of phosphorus at 1.8 to 2.0%, weakening the resulting iron. Bell directed large-scale experiments at a cost of up to £50,000,Equivalent to £3 million in 2004, adjusted for RPI. resulting in a basic steel process which produced steel rails containing no more than 0.07% phosphorus. His obituary in The Times of 1904 noted, as a sign of the progress that Bell himself had brought about, that Bell could recall "seeing wooden rails in use on the tramroads by which coal was brought down to the River Tees".
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169 Isambard Brunel standing in front of the Great Eastern whose chains were made by Brown Lenox of PontypriddHistory of Pontypridd Rhondda Cynon Taf Library services Even at its peak, copper smelting was never as significant as iron smelting, which was the major industrial employer of men and capital in south Wales before the rise of the sale-coal industry. Ironmaking developed in locations where ironstone, coal and limestone were found in close proximity – primarily the northern and south-western parts of the South Wales coalfield.Davies (2008), p.393D. Gareth Evans (1989), p.26 In the second half of the 18th century four ironworks were built in Merthyr Tydfil.
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Found amongst granite outcrops, in winter wet areas and on dunes from the Mid West, Peel, Wheatbelt, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in gravelly, sandy or loamy soils over granite, limestone or ironstone. Cultivated in gardens the species is frost tolerant and able to cope in a dry position. It was first described by the botanist Robert Brown in 1810 in his work Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae. Synonyms for the species include Genosiris occidentalis described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1869 in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae and Patersonia bicolor by George Bentham in 1873 in Flora Australiensis.
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During the 19th century the Company became a thriving success. In 1862 there were seven furnaces at Butterley and Codnor Park which produced one-fifth of the total output of iron in Derbyshire. Later in the 19th century the production of ironstone declined locally, but the Company still remained a major force in the iron industry. It was heavily involved in the expansion of the railway industry, by the manufacture of track and wagons at its foundry and engineering works, and the Butterley Company was famously used for the huge arched roof of St Pancras Station in London, one of the wonders of Victorian engineering.
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James Brindley, builder of the Harecastle Tunnel in the 1770s, built a branch canal from the tunnel to an underground wharf of a colliery in Goldenhill in which he had a share; by 1820 this had become unsafe and was closed. The Goldenhill Colliery, in Colclough Lane, excavating coal and ironstone, was owned by Robert Williamson in the mid 19th century. It was still operating in the 1920s, but was closed by 1931. The Potteries Waterworks Company, formed in 1847, supplied water to Goldenhill and Kidsgrove by pumping water from a steam pumping plant in Tunstall, built in 1854, to a new reservoir on the higher ground at Goldenhill.
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Anthony Slaven, The Development of the West of Scotland, 1750 - 1960, Routledge, London, 1975 reprinted 2006, Ordnance Survey of Great Britain, Six Inches to One Mile, published 1863 The G&SWR; responded to this by opening the first Linwood branch, from Linwood Junction to Linclive and Candren Ironstone pits, both immediately east of Linwood village. This line too was in existence by 1857. Johnstone railways in 1896In 1864 the Bridge of Weir Railway was opened from Johnstone station to Bridge of Weir. Nominally independent at first, it was sponsored and worked by the G&SWR;, and later taken over by them and extended to Greenock.
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In 1776/1778 Sir John Palmer, 5th Baronet, commissioned John Johnson, a Leicester architect to design a new hall. It was built on the foundations of the previous hall and was enlarged by Sir John Henry Palmer, 7th Baronet, in 1817, after which it was leased to a variety of notable tenants. It was further rebuilt in 1870 by the architect Edmund Francis Law, with red brick and ironstone in the style of a French château and replaced a Palladian house of 1778. It is said that the stone wall which surrounds the south and east of the parkland was the re-used stone of the old Hall.
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Castle Bytham quarry is a disused quarry located close to the centre of the village of Castle Bytham, Lincolnshire, England. Castle Lime quarry It is famous for the exposure of Laeviuscula Zone ammonite fauna has allowed the dating of the Upper Lincolnshire limestone \- can be zoomed to show the quarries formation to the Bajocian era, and thereby dating other deposits around Europe. Looking down into Castle Bytham Quarry from the south corner When the quarry was opened in the 1850s A Bronze Age arrowhead and a Saxon burial were found in the overburden. Although Ironstone quarrying was common to the west and north, this quarry was worked for Limestone.
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Like Chipping Norton Limestone it is a Middle Jurassic limestone, but its higher ironstone makes it much darker and browner than the stone used to build the house in the 18th century. In 1952, the indoor tennis court was converted to a chapel and in 1965, a library was added. In 1960, the architectural firm of Howell, Killick and Amis created two halls of residence in the grounds in a contemporary style. When in 1970 the Jesuit college moved to London as part of the University there, the National Westminster Bank group bought Heythrop Park and turned the house and its precincts into a training and conference centre.
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From 2011, when boundary changes made West Hunsbury ( and Camp Hill ) into its own Borough Ward of Northampton Borough Council electing one member, most of the remaining area moving to the two-member Upton ward. In 2013, West Hunsbury Parish Council was formed with 8 elected members and covered the same area as the borough ward. Part of the preserved ironstone railway near Danes Camp Earthworks at Danes Camp Iron Age hill fort West Hunsbury was part of the Northampton South constituency, Conservative. From the 2010 general election it was transferred to the new seat of South Northamptonshire, also considered a 'safe' Conservative seat.
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Lowthian Bell, by Frank Bramley. National Railway Museum, York In 1827 a rolling mill capable of 100 tons of bar iron per week was installed at the Walker Ironworks; in the same year, Losh, Wilson and Bell's Walker foundry was listed in Parson and White's gazetteer of Durham and Northumberland as a steam engine manufacturer. In 1833, the iron puddling process was installed at Walker. In 1835, while working as an inspector of construction on the Whitby & Pickering Railway, Thomas Wilson noted the presence of ironstone in a railway cutting at Grosmont, and arranged for drift mines to exploit the find; the new railway carried the ore to Whitby.
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It is found in arid parts of central Australia in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland. In Western Australia it is found in the Pilbara and northern Goldfields regions where it is usually found along creeks and on rocky hills and gullies growing in stony or sandy soils often around ironstone. It has a disjunct distribution form the Hamersley Range in the Pilabara where it is quite common extending east and becoming scattered from east of the Rawlinson Range in Western Australia. It is then found in the Macdonnell Ranges and Musgrave Ranges in the Northern Territory and then further east to around Dajarra in Queensland.
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Evidence of bivalves in life position, Rhizocorallium trace fossils, cross-bedding, episodes of non-deposition and (not least) the oolitic texture all indicate that the ironstones were laid down in shallow water. Fossils are ubiquitous, especially within the ironstone seams, to the extent that the Avicula and Pecten seams are named after their most abundant faunal inclusions. NOTE: The only surviving extensive outcrop of the Main Seam occurs in woodland north of Skelton (close to NZ 6554 1997) at around 50m O.D above Skelton Beck achieving a thickness of around 2.4m (8 feet). It is underlain by the Black Hard, and three beds making up the Pecten Seam.
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A tramway connected the basin to the Madeley Court Furnaces, to the west of the canal, and a rather longer one served Halesfield and Kemberton Collieries, both of which also supplied the canal with water which was pumped from the workings. A tramway connected the two collieries, both of which also produced ironstone, and a long tramway inclined plane descended to a small side basin on the line of the canal. The 1883 Ordnance Survey map shows a much larger basin a little to the north, with a wharf at its western end. Railways and spoil heaps had obliterated the canal beyond the basin by this date.
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It is native to an area of the Pilbara region of Western Australia and is found in a variety of situations including creek beds, rocky hills, scree slopes, gorges, and breakaways growing in skeletal stony loam soils that are pebbly to gravelly over laterite, ironstone and basalt. The bulk of the population is situated on the Hamersley Range from around Tom Price through the Ophthalmia Range and on the Hancock Ranges to around Newman. Another population is found on Balfour Downs Station to the northeast of Newman. It is often found amongst open low eucalypt woodlands communities consisting of Eucalyptus leucophloia and Corymbia hamersleyana over spinifex.
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At Dale Head is the source of the River Seven which flows down the valley to join the River Rye at Little Habton near Malton. At its southern end, Rosedale is squeezed between Spaunton Moor and Hartoft Rigg, where the river flows out through Forestry Commission woodland before passing the village of Cropton to reach the plains of the Vale of Pickering. View towards Rosedale Abbey Ruins of calcining kilns near Rosedale East Ironstone Mine Rosedale has only a small number of people involved in farming. The majority of homes are bought as second homes and as such the permanent local population has been significantly reduced.
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Ford Green & Smallthorne railway station is a disused railway station in Stoke-on-Trent, England. The station was opened in 1864 by the North Staffordshire Railway on the company's Biddulph Valley Line. Originally called Ford Green the name was changed in the 1880s to Ford Green and Smallthorne The Biddulph Valley line had opened in 1860 and was primarily concerned with mineral traffic, mostly coal and ironstone from the collieries and ironworks along the Biddulph Valley. Passenger services were of a much lesser interest to the NSR so it was not until a few years later that a number of stations were opened supported by an infrequent number of passenger trains.
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This was followed by the extension of the Chipping Norton branch to King's Sutton, near Banbury, opening on 6 April 1887. Additionally there were ironstone workings on the course of the new line. Through mineral trains required to reverse in Chipping Norton Junction station, until in 1906 a spur line connecting the two arms of the branch and crossing the main line, was opened, to goods on 8 January 1906 and to passenger trains on 1 May 1906. There was a single regular passenger train that used the new spur, a Swansea to Newcastle upon Tyne through train, operated jointly with the Great Central Railway.
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Main line: From Kipps, the Ballochney Railway route ran east about a quarter of a mile [400 m] to Kipps Junction, where it forked to short diverging lines on both sides to coal and ironstone pits. It continued, climbing on an easterly course, and forked at Rochsoles Branch Junction in undeveloped ground north of Leaend Burn. The main line continued on a rope- worked incline at gradients of 1 in 27 and then 1 in 23, and passed under Whinhall Road near Leaend Road; there was a passenger platform, called Airdrie Leaend here from 1828 to 1843.Some sources refer to the station simply as Leaend.
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Represents a relatively undisturbed area of > mature stringybark forest and the large trees provide a breeding habitat for > the spectacular but poorly studied Calyptorhynchus funereus (yellow tailed > black cockatoo). Petroica phoenicea (flame robin) which is uncommon in South > Australia … and Zoothera dauma (scaly thrush) which is threatened due to > destruction of its habitat. Both occur in the park… Situated in a high > rainfall area (1,000mm per annum) Spring Mount Conservation Park consists of > an undulating ironstone plateau with one or two small but quite steep > valleys. The vegetation is an open forest of Eucalyptus obliqua and E. > baxteri with a mid-dense understorey comprising a great variety of > sclerophyllous shrubs.
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Coal and ironstone were being dug in the Stoke-on- Trent and North Staffordshire area as early as 1282, and by 1467 the Great Row coal seam was being mined and used for firing pottery. The actual area within which the coal is exposed at the surface is , which is small compared to other coalfields, but along the central part of this the thickness of the seams is much greater than that of any other English coalfield except Lancashire. The coal industry gradually expanded due to demand from the pottery and iron industry. It was also due to the establishment of the new transport system, canals (1777) and later railways (1837).
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The bedrock geology of the parish is also complex, as the parish lies on the boundary where clays and mudstones of the Central Lincolnshire Vale meet the chalk of the Wolds."British Geological Survey, Geology Map of Britain" Retrieved 15 November 2019"Natural England, Central Lincolnshire Vale" Retrieved 15 November 2019 The bedrock changes three times under the parish, specifically in the area between the village and the High Street. From west to east, the bedrock changes from Kimmeridge Clay to Spilsby Sandstone to Claxby Ironstone to Tealby Mudstone, covered in places with superficial deposits of sand and gravel. The chalk bedrocks of the Wolds start a mile further on, but outside the parish, east of the River Bain.
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Debrett's House of Commons and Judicial Bench 1886 He became a partner in the family firm of Pease and Partners (Limited), who owned coal and ironstone mines and was also a director of the Stockton and Darlington Railway Co. When Darlington was incorporated as a borough in 1868 he became a councillor, and was twice mayor of Darlington in 1874–75 and in 1894. In 1881 and 1882, he was president of the National Liberal Federation.Durham Mining Museum Archives He was a J.P. for County Durham and the North Riding of Yorkshire. Pease was elected as MP for Cleveland in 1885 as a Liberal and held the seat until his death at the age of 58 at Brinkburn, Darlington.
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In the 17th century a group of swordmakers (Oley, Vooz, Molle and Bertram) from Solingen in Germany settled in Shotley Bridge, in order to escape religious persecution. Shotley Bridge was chosen because of the quality of the ironstone in the area and the softness of the River Derwent, plus its fast flow. The Oley family were the makers of the highest quality swords, rivalling those of Toledo, by using Damascus steel, being in great demand during the Napoleonic Wars and thus becoming very wealthy. Their steel production was one of the earliest factories for the manufacture of steel, and the Oley family were involved in the formation of the Consett Iron Company.
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View of BIO & Coast Guard base on the shore of North Dartmouth across the fields in Merv Sullivan park, known locally in the North End as the Pit. The northern part of the Halifax Peninsula comprises thin soil resulting from glacial deposits, as well as outcroppings of a dark sedimentary shale known as ironstone. The entire peninsula has no significant surface water, unlike the areas northeast and southwest of Halifax Harbour (the Eastern Shore and South Shore respectively). At 60 m in elevation, Citadel Hill is the highest point on the peninsula and when combined with the expansive undeveloped parkland of the North Common, creates a physical boundary that separates the various neighbourhoods.
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The Normanton Gaol is a complex of two buildings, consisting of a single-storeyed cement and corrugated iron cell block constructed between 1892 and 1899, and a smaller timber and corrugated iron building formerly used as the trackers quarters. Normanton, gazetted as a town in 1868, was originally settled to provide port facilities as an alternative to the Burketown port. The port facilities, situated sixty kilometres upstream from the Gulf of Carpentaria provided access for incoming goods as well as allowing for a more efficient trade route to Brisbane from the Carpentaria region. The site for Normanton is located on an ironstone ridge, protecting it from the topographic changes that occur during the wet season.
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The nave, as with the chancel and north aisle, shows a banding construction from the ground to eaves in alternate courses of ironstone and ashlar. On its west are gabled buttresses, two at each corner, and one at the centre running to the point of the ridge—a further buttress supports the south wall, and all are topped by pinnacles inset with arched panels below crocketed spires. A bas relief Annunciation is worked into the top of the central west buttress, and this, and south facing buttresses, contain gabled statue niches with trefoiled inset surrounds. Two Decorated late 13th-century windows are placed in the west wall, one either side of the central buttress.
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The Laboratory is located approximately 500m from the Reception Centre and performs all the preparation, preservation and restoration work necessary to enable the dinosaur fossils to be scientifically studied and put on exhibition. This building is divided into unprepared fossil storage, prepared fossil storage and a large preparation area where staff and volunteers work on removing rock from the bones and consolidating them. A staff room, office, visitor waiting room and equipment storage area are also housed within this facility. As the dinosaur fossils are usually preserved in solid-rock boulders or covered in thick bands of ironstone matrix, it is often a long and time-consuming task to chisel the rock away.
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Building housing the headquarters of the Newton, Chambers & Co. George Newton and Thomas Chambers were partners in the Phoenix foundry at Snow Hill, Sheffield and along with Henry Longden they signed a lease to extract coal and ironstone from the Thorncliffe valley. The 21-year lease was signed in December 1793 and it gave them mining rights to the Thorncliffe valley from the Earl Fitzwilliam and set up their works on the Thorncliffe site near Chapeltown, to the north of Sheffield. The company built The Thorncliffe Ironworks beside the Blackburn Brook above the wooded valley slopes where the mining was to be carried out. The first blast furnace was completed in April 1795 and the second in 1796.
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Ironstone outcrops along the northern edge of the South Wales Coalfield were extensively worked for the production of iron and were important in the initiation of the Industrial Revolution in South Wales. Lead, silver and to a lesser extent zinc were mined in the upland areas of the rivers Ystwyth and Rheidol and in the headwaters of the River Severn for centuries and smaller deposits were also mined at Pentre Halkyn in Flintshire during the Roman occupation of Britain. There were also ore-bearing sites in Clwyd where lead, silver and sometimes zinc were mined.. Manganese, titanium and numerous other minerals occur in various parts of Wales. Gold is found in southern Snowdonia and at Dolaucothi.
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The Stamford Member, Wellingborough Member and Cranford rhythm lie directly on the ironstone, despite a passage of 2 million years between their formation. The shallow seas that had covered the area during the Aalenian Age had receded by the following Bajocian Age, and in this part of Northamptonshire the dry land received (or retained) no new sediments. When the sea returned (due either to globally rising sea levels or locally descending land areas) during the Early Bathonian Age, during a Biozone known as the Zigzag Zone, new sedimentation took place. In the case of the Stamford Member, this was a freshwater lake on the coastal plain of an area of higher ground dubbed the Anglo-Belgian Landmass.
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J. Bruce Glasier It was reported that the ironstone miners in the Cleveland Division were minded to bring forward an Independent Labour Party candidate. A visit to the constituency by John Bruce Glasier, the chairman of the Independent Labour Party took place on 17 September 1902. Glasier said that if the miners wanted a labour candidate the ILP would assist but that if they decided to combine with the Liberals in support of a progressive representative, (as had traditionally been the case) the ILP would oppose that, raising the prospect of a split in the anti-Tory vote.The Times, 18 September 1902 p5 The Cleveland Miners held a meeting at Middlesbrough on 29 September to discuss their approach.
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Experimentation showed that a temperature of 600° Fahrenheit reduced consumption to a third of that with cold blast, and enabled raw coal to be used instead of coke, with a further cost saving. It also enabled the exploitation of black band ironstone, the use of which had previously proved unprofitable. 1840 illustration of a Beaumont Neilson blast stove In the early 1830s litigation was successfully conducted against those who adopted his methods without licence. After that, Neilson and his partners licensed it widely at one shilling per ton iron made, a level low enough to discourage evasion. The royalties were initially low, but by 1840 were producing £30,000 per year from 58 ironmaste.
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Late Elizabethan monument in the parish church to Sir Thomas and Lady Margaret Kirton By the end of the 11th century Thorpe Mandeville had a parish church, which was included in the early endowments to a Cluniac priory of the Abbey of La Charité-sur-Loire that had been founded at Preston Capes in 1090 and moved to Daventry shortly thereafter. The present Church of England parish church of Saint John the Baptist, built of local ironstone, dates largely from the early part of the 14th century. The north aisle has Decorated Gothic windows and an arcade of three bays. The chancel has windows dating from about 1300, the middle of the Decorated Gothic period.
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Dick's Pond in Carnbroe (labelled Orchard Farm Pool by Google Maps but never called that locally) consists of the hollow left by an ironstone working.Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith (Monkland Library Services, 1982) P.25 The Clyde Valley plan of 1949 described Coatbridge as "situated over a flooded coalfield" Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith (Monkland Library Services, 1982) p.25 Tenements in Coatbridge were not built to same height as Glasgow tenements, due to danger of subsidence Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith (Monkland Library Services, 1982) p.40 There were serious cholera outbreaks in the town in 1832 and 1848.
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Sorensen turned this physical character of the soil into an advantage by hand-digging the whole of the cultivated area to the depth of and removing all ironstone found in the process, stockpiling it according to quality and colour and eventually for packing and filling. The walls formed from this stone exhibit an extremely high quality of workmanship. In many places Sorensen left pockets in the walls where he could plant small growing shrubs to soften the walls. The walls formed terraces filled level with soil, stepping down the slope to the lookout point, with the garden continuing down to the Grotto pool, created by the placing of a 40-ton rock in its present position.
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Further pits required to be served, and on 1 September 1862 a new mineral branch was opened from Ayr Road Junction (near Dalserf) to collieries at Canderside, near Stonehouse. There was also a short branch to Blackwood from Southfield Junction, near Tillietudlem, also opened on 1 September 1862, and to Little Gill Colliery from Auchenheath. On 1 September 1864 the Canderside line was further extended to ironstone pits at Cot Castle, a short distance south west of Stonehouse. These lines had been opened as single track mineral railways; the Caledonian Railway had taken them over and on 11 May 1863 it obtained authorisation to run passenger trains and to double the main line between Motherwell and Southfield Junction.
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Benjamin Taft started the first iron forge in the Ironstone section of Uxbridge in 1734 There was good quality "bog iron ore" here. Caleb Handy added a triphammer, and scythes and guns were manufactured here before 1800. The Taft family continued to be instrumental in the early industrialization of the Blackstone Valley including mills built by a 4th generation descendant of Robert Taft I, the son of Deborah Taft, Daniel Day in 1810, and his son in law, Luke Taft (1825) and Luke's son, Moses Taft in (1852). These woolen mills, some of the first to use power looms, and satinets, ran 24/7 during the Civil War producing cloth for U.S. military uniforms.
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The church, which stands on a slight mound on the west side of the village, was probably built by Edmund Grey, Earl of Kent (1465), between 1440 and 1489. It has a chancel, nave long with aisles, south porch and west three-stage tower with a projecting rood stair turret; the whole appears to be one built in local ironstone, embattled. On the walls of the north aisle are three fragmentary brasses commemorating: Eleanor Conquest (1434), Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Waren (1544) and Alice, wife of Reginald Hill (1594). There are six bells, (five dated 1902 and one 1904) by Bowell of Ipswich; they replaced five of 1687 by Richard Chandler of Drayton Parslow.
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The British Geological Survey describe the Wadhurst Clay Formation as made of soft, dark grey thinly-bedded mudstones ("shales") and mudstones with subordinate beds of pale grey siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, shelly limestone, clay ironstone and rare pebble beds, which shows evidence of unconformable weathering at the top of the bed. The mudstones often degrade in a short period of time when they become exposed at the surface and weather to heavy ochre and greenish grey clays. The formation thickness ranges from 55m in the Tenterden area, to 30m near Lewes and varies in between. Outside of East Sussex, the Wadhurst Clay has been proven to over 70m thick near Tunbridge Wells and up to 80m near Horsham.
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Banded iron formations were described as "itabarite" in Brazil, as "ironstone" in South Africa, and as "BHQ" (banded hematite quartzite) in India. Banded iron formation was first discovered in northern Michigan in 1844, and mining of these deposits prompted the earliest studies of BIFs, such as those of Charles R. Van Hise and Charles Kenneth Leith. Iron mining operations on the Mesabi and Cuyuna Ranges evolved into enormous open pit mines, where steam shovels and other industrial machines could remove massive amounts of ore. Initially the mines exploited large beds of hematite and goethite weathered out of the banded iron formations, and some 2.5 billion tons of this "natural ore" had been extracted by 1980.
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Dark green clay with sandstone and siltstone interbeds, together up to 40 meters thick, overlies Vendian age rocks, defining the Lower Cambrian and the start of the Paleozoic. It is overlain by the Lontova Stage clays. The Vergale Stage has an angular unconformity with basement rocks in the east and contains brown oolitic ironstone, sandstone, siltstone and argillite up to 45 meters thick with the 42 meter Rausve Stage sandstone and siltstone above it. The mid-Cambrian Kybartai Stage sits above the Rausve Stage with abundant glauconite and is overlain in the west by the 67 meters of clay in the Deimena Stage or the Paneriai Stage argillite and sandstone in the east.
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Route of the canal Route of the canal from the one-inch OS maps of 1945-47, shortly before closure The eastern end of the final extent of the canal is at Calderbank, south of Woodside Drive, where there were coal pits; the canal was fed there from the North Calder Water. A reservoir was created at Hillend (east of Caldercruix) to sustain the canal in the dry season, and others were made later. The canal ran close to the north side of the North Calder Water, passing more coal pits (and later ironstone pits) at Faskine and Palacecraig, then turning north there. Palacecraig was later the southern extremity of the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway.
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James Foster (9 May 1786 – 12 April 1853) was a prominent Worcestershire ironmaster, coalmaster and senior partner in the important iron company of John Bradley & Co, Stourbridge, which was founded by his elder half-brother but greatly enlarged under his direction. As well as the Stourbridge ironworks, the business owned a number of coal and ironstone mines, furnaces, forges and other works in the Black Country and near Ironbridge. The business continued long after James Foster's death, ultimately being incorporated as John Bradley (Stourbridge) Ltd in the early 20th century. In the late 19th century, the company was a member of the Marked Bar Association, whose members were the makers of the highest quality bar iron of the time.
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The ward was formed from the former civil parish of Tong which in the 19th century included the settlements of Dudley Hill, Tong Street, Westgate Hill, and Holme. The Tong political ward includes the urban areas of Dudley Hill, and the council estates of Bierley, West Yorkshire, Holme Wood, Tyersal. These settlements stretch along the main thoroughfare, Tong Street, which is part of the A650 road. In contrast, Tong Village on Tong Lane is a small, rural village surrounded by farmers' fields, and home to a historic local cricket club, Tong CC. Coal and ironstone were mined in the area in the 19th and the early 20th centuries, and several mines are recorded.
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The British Steel Collection, now housed at Teesside University, contains the records of over forty iron and steel companies based in the Teesside area of the North East of England and covers the period c. 1840–1970. The history of Teesside and its rapid growth during the 19th century is directly linked to the expansion of the railways from Darlington and Stockton towards the mouth of the Tees estuary and the subsequent discovery of ironstone in the Cleveland Hills which attracted iron companies to the area. The British Steel Collection archives the company records of iron and steel companies such as Bolckow & Vaughan, Bell Brothers, Cochrane & Co. Ltd., Dorman, Long & Co. Ltd.
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To the north of the village there has been extensive mining for ironstone, a stone that has featured very prominently in the building of many churches and other buildings in the area for centuries. It was thought that the mining had obliterated evidence of the former greater extent of the village but much archaeology has survived showing that the original Romano-British settlement extended some at least. Extensive surveys, brought about by the planning of a haulage road to the quarry to pass through the site of the ancient township, revealed features including a well- preserved Roman road and the skeleton of a child buried well away from the cemetery. The archaeology is ongoing as the mining continues.
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The family's Bear Creek Winery, founded in 1934, is listed as having 8.2 million gallons of capacity, making it the 24th largest winery in the U.S. Recent capacity expansions have increased this to an estimated 12 million gallons, making it around the 20th largest winery in the U.S. Jack Kautz, who is also the founder of CrossFit Lodi, is a partner at Bear Creek Winery and is responsible for marketing the family's wines throughout the United States. In 2015, Jack appealed the Calaveras County Planning Commission to block the construction of the Verizon tower, a mile from the winery. In the same year, Ironstone Vineyards owners, John and Jack Kautz, donated $25,000 to The Murphys Fire Protection Service.
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After several years in business in the north of England, Bölckow became a naturalised British subject in 1841 by act of Parliament and anglicised his name as "Henry Bolckow". He was persuaded by the ironmaster of the Walkergate works in Newcastle, John Vaughan, to invest in the burgeoning iron trade. At the suggestion of Joseph Pease they set up their first iron foundry and rolling mill at Vulcan Street, Middlesbrough, where they processed pig iron imported from Scotland. In 1846 the pair opened Witton Park Ironworks, to the west of the town, where ironstone from Grosmont, could be smelted in blast furnaces to produce the pig iron for the Vulcan Street works.
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The former iron ore mine situated in the Bären valley at the foot of the Knöchel, east of Sankt Andreasberg forms the heart of the educational Roter Bär Pit today. The mining of brown iron ore, which occurs here as lens-shaped inclusions in a Middle Devonian shale-limestone series, began around 1800 and ended in the mid-1860s. The pit, which was operated by private individuals (Eigenlehnern), produced about 50-60 tons of ironstone annually with a workforce of just 4-6 men. The very soft, often clayey, ore was won using picks (Keilhauen) without the need for drilling and blasting. Simple hand picking enabled it to be enriched by up to 35-40% Fe content.
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Sir Robert Price took over leases around Tondu Farm previously granted to William Bryant, the liquidator of John Bedford’s business. Sir Robert had ambitions as an ironmaster and began to develop an ironworks alongside the Dyffryn Llynvi and Porthcawl Railway at Tondu in the late 1830s. He traded as the Glamorgan Coal and Iron Company. Progress was initially slow due to a trade recession in the early 1840s, but there was a revival in 1843 and the first furnace at Tondu was blown-in in 1844. The year 1843 was significant for the Tondu district as extensive reserves of black-band ironstone were discovered six miles (10 km) to the north in the Maesteg area during that year.
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The Fitzroy Iron Works—built to exploit the iron ore—was important in the development of Mittagong, and left its own legacy and remnants. A pile of ironstone rocks, some rust-coloured buried concrete, stonework and brickwork, and some vandalised cast-iron lamp-posts—all still present in January 2019, at the top of the hill, in the former Mineral Springs Reserve—are the remnants of the last incarnation of the Chalybeate Spring. The Chalybeate Spring, at least as it was in 1988, no longer exists. A little further down the hill from the pile of rocks—towards the Old Hume Highway—there is a low retaining wall and a patch of permanently wet ground.
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However the built-up area of Glasgow prevented the GD&HR; from building directly west from the city, and its line made a large circuit round the north of Glasgow. There was still no attempt at a suburban service: the first station from Glasgow was Maryhill, then an isolated village, and then Dalmuir. The GD&HR; joined with the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway at Cowlairs, and was absorbed by that company in 1862; the E&GR; was itself absorbed by the North British Railway in 1865. On the east side, the Monklands area around Airdrie and Coatbridge had become the centre of the iron industries; it had extensive seams of good quality coal and of blackband ironstone.
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Lancelot Threlkeld, using reports from a castaway who had survived among the Moreton Bay blacks, argued in 1824 that they were far more advanced than the more southern tribes, dwelling in hut settlements that had the appearance of small villages. One important site for habitation was the southern side of the Cape Moreton headland, since this was the only area where outcroppings of sandy ironstone existed. These sites were quarried to manufacture stone implements, some of which they traded with the Nunukul on Stradbroke Island. In fishing for mullet, the Ngugi like other Moreton islanders would beat the inshore waters with sticks to enlist the aid of porpoises, who would drive the fish beachwards.
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The life of the Whitfield Colliery Company Limited was of limited duration, coming to an end in 1872. At about this time the Chatterley Iron Company Limited, who owned blast furnaces, an oil distilling plant and a colliery working ironstone in the Chatterley Valley, west of Tunstall, were looking for an adequate supply of coal for its furnaces. In early 1873 Mr Charles J. Homer, its Managing Director, purchased the Whitfield Colliery on behalf of his company. On taking over, the new owners lost no time in starting a project to develop workings in the rich Cockshead seam of coal, and in 1874 they began to widen and deepen the old Bellringer shaft to a depth of 440 yards.
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Stone was also exported via the railway to the south of England to build the Woolwich Arsenal and Portsmouth Admiralty Docks. Most of the other quarries supplying building stone in the dale are to be found in the northern and western locations. The dale is known to be at the northern edge of the Yorkshire Coalfield, which yielded coal, fireclay, ironstone, sandstone and brick clay, most of which were quarried or mined in the Bradford area and contributed to its enormous growth in the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1866, all of the collieries in the Bradford district produced a combined of coal, most of which was used in smelting of metals.
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The Ridge Hill Shelf is a landform that forms part of the foothills of the Darling Scarp, a low escarpment that runs parallel with the west coast in southwest Western Australia. It was formed by coastal erosion of the scarp in the Pleistocene, when the sea level was higher, and the scarp located further west than at present. The action of coastal forces produced sand dunes that subsequently lithified into eolianite, and eroded the ironstone of the scarp, resulting in an iron-rich sandstone with a laterite cap. The iron gives the sandstone a dull purple-brown colour; depending on the extent of iron- enrichment, the sandstone may appear predominantly yellow, predominantly purple-brown, or a mottled combination of the two.
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Prior to connection, communal and private pumps and wells supplied water. The 1887 OS Map shows the sites of communal hand pumps; one on Donington Road opposite Corner Farm, and another on Barkwith Road where the driveway of ‘Wurzel Patch’ is now. 7 of the 34 dwellings listed in the 1957 sale document are recorded as having their own water hand pumps. Wells and pumps in the village extracted water from the underlying Kimmeridge Clay which includes layers of shale and ironstone. In some cases this resulted in water that was “ferruginous and smelt offensively”."British Geological Survey Records", The water supply of Lincolnshire from underground sources, 1904 by Woodward, H.B.; Mill, H.R.; Parsons, H.F.; Preston, H.; Whitaker, W. Page 10.
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It was worked at first by the Eastern Counties Railway; in 1862, the Great Eastern Railway took over.Vic Mitchell, Keith Smith, Christopher Awdry and Allan Mott Branch Lines Around Huntingdon: Kettering to Cambridge, Middleton Press, Midhurst, 1991, During the construction of the Midland Railway line it was evident that there were commercially valuable ironstone deposits in the area around Kettering. An earlier scheme to connect them had failed, but in 1860 a definite proposal was formulated to reach them and to continue to Huntingdon on the Great Northern line. The first part was authorised as the Kettering and Thrapstone (sic) Railway, which received its authorising Act on 29 July 1862; the Parliamentary process was more easy than was often the case at this period.
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It contains features such as ashlar blocks, poros- stone plaques and blocks, plaster, wood, stucco floor tiles, gypsum, kouskoura slabs, mud bricks, ironstone blocks, schist plaques, blue marble flooring, incurved concave altars, wooden columns and pillars, frescoes and Polytheron doorways. A variety of Porphyrite stone lamps, vases, amphorae, cooking pots, cups, lamps, tools and every-day domestic items such as tweezers have been unearthed at the site. Southwest of Tourkoyeitonia, more of the palace is found. While little remains of the architecture, the walls that are preserved are Middle Minoan III-Late Minoan IA. Linear A tablets and the model of a house were excavated at The Archive along with MMIII-LMIA pottery and several unworked pieces of rock crystal, obsidian and steatite.
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The Monkland Railways was a railway company formed in 1848 by the merger of three "coal railways" that had been built to serve coal and iron pits around Airdrie in Central Scotland, and connect them to canals for onward transport of the minerals. The newly formed company had a network stretching from Kirkintilloch to Causewayend, near Linlithgow. These coal railways had had mixed fortunes; the discovery of blackband ironstone and the development of the iron smelting industry around Coatbridge had led to phenomenal success, but hoped-for mineral discoveries in the moorland around Slamannan had been disappointing. The pioneering nature of the railways left them with a legacy of obsolete track and locomotives, and new, more modern, railways were being built around them.
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The most economically important aspect of the geology of the area is the Northampton Sands ironstone formation. This is a marine sand of Jurassic age (Bajocian stage), deposited as part of an estuary sequence and overlain by a sequence of limestones and mudrocks. Significant amounts of the sand have been replaced or displaced by iron minerals, giving an average ore grade of around 25 wt% iron. To the west the iron ores have been moderately exploited for a very long time, but their high phosphorus content made them difficult to smelt and produced iron of poor quality until the development of the Bessemer steel-making process and the "basic slag" smelting chemistry, which combine to make high-quality steelmaking possible from these unprepossessing ores.
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Its structure tended to reflect locally available materials and hence local vernacular building style, because railways had not generally distributed brick and slate. Building materials include thatch in Sussex, pantiles in North Yorkshire, stone tiles and sandstone in Northumberland, granite pillars in Devon, wooden poles and flint in Norfolk, weatherboarding in Berkshire, brick in the East Riding of Yorkshire, white Magnesian Limestone in West Yorkshire, ironstone in Bedfordshire, and one instance of hexagonal ashlar pillars salvaged from Finchale Priory in Finchale, County Durham. Gin gangs were required to shelter the wooden gears, and not to protect the horse; hence in some places there is evidence of horse−walks or open−air horse−powered threshing machines instead. The horse in the gin gang could also power machinery outdoors.
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The churchyard contains several cast iron tombstones, including those of J. W. Fletcher (died 1785) and Robert Richard Anstice (died 1853),Church of St Michael, edited by Historic England a stone tombstone of Thomas Parker (inventor)Report by Toby Neal, mentioning commemorative Thomas Parker Day on 10 October 2015 and restoration project for the grave. and the war graves of seven British Army soldiers of World War I and two soldiers and an airman of World War II. CWGC Cemetery report, details obtained from casualty record. The churchyard is also the resting place of the Nine Men of Madeley—miners, of whom the youngest was aged 12 years, who lost their lives at the Brick Kiln Leasow ironstone mine in 1864.
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The Monklands district near Airdrie was the source of plentiful coal, which was in demand for residential and industrial purposes in Glasgow and elsewhere, and in 1826 the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway was opened to convey the mineral to the Forth and Clyde Canal for onward transport. Discovery of the excellent blackband ironstone in the area, and the development of the hot blast system of smelting iron ore, led to a massive growth of iron industries and mineral extraction in the Coatbridge and Airdrie region. The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway found itself perfectly located to serve the new industries. In 1831 the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway opened, running directly to Glasgow, and as the iron industries grew, other "coal railways" opened.
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Hill 57 is a low-rise plateau located adjacent to the city limits of Great Falls, Montana, about north of 9th Avenue North/Northwest Bypass on Stuckey Road and abutting to the Valley View neighborhood. Hill 57 consists of rock belonging to the Colorado Group, a stratigraphic unit consisting largely of shale. Within this group is a subunit known as the Blackleaf Formation (or the Albian Formation), a shale with a small proportion of fine-to-medium grain sandstone. At the bottom of the Blackleaf Formation is another geologic subunit, the Flood Member, a sandstone consisting of layers (from top to bottom) of very hard calcareous sandstone, fissile sandstone with concretions of ironstone or stained limestone, and medium-hard light-colored sandstone.
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The Forest of Anderida during the Roman occupation of Britain Prehistoric evidence suggests that, following the Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, the Neolithic inhabitants had turned to farming, with the resultant clearance of the forest. With the Iron Age came the first use of the Weald as an industrial area. Wealden sandstones contain ironstone, and with the additional presence of large amounts of timber for making charcoal for fuel, the area was the centre of the Wealden iron industry from then, through the Roman times, until the last forge was closed in 1813.Wealden History of Early Iron MakingHigh Weald Timeline The index to the Ordnance Survey Map of Roman Britain lists 33 iron mines; and 67% of these are in the Weald.
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General Roy's survey of 1747 - 55 shows only the farm of High Barr. A village grew up here due to the employment provided by the several limestone quarries that were present at one time, the Dockra Ironstone pit that was located near the railway line down from Dockra quarry in 1912, and other local industries. The old thread mill offices Barrmill from near the old mill offices. The wall to the left is the frontage of old mill workers' cottages. The village that developed had a population of 300 in 1876 and 600 in 1951, when the threadmaking industry had just ceased, although the workers still lived in company houses and were transported daily to the threadmaking factory at Kilbirnie.
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The Hammers were located on or near the site of a mill on Lubstree Pool, which before the dissolution of the monasteries had belonged to the Canons of the nearby Lilleshall Abbey. At the original Donnington village centre there was a coal wharf linked by rail to the Granville Colliery, Shropshire's last deep coal mine. This mine tapped into the Donnington Wood coalfield (where most of the local coal and ironstone reserves are located and which once came to the surface where it was mined in the 18th Century at Donnington Wood). In 1818 the Lilleshall Company began sinking a number of deep mines around Donnington Wood, extracting over 400,000 tons of coal a year from the area by 1871.
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The new line had an Ayr passenger station (a temporary structure at first), but it was less convenient than the old terminus; until January 1860 the old G&SWR; terminus station continued to be used by some trains. There were important ironworks owned by the Houldsworth family, and ironstone and coal deposits, in the lands near Dalmellington. The independent A&DR; company was worked by the G&SWR; and later absorbed on 1 August 1858. On 10 July 1854 the Ayr and Maybole Junction Railway was authorised to reach Maybole by a junction from the Ayr and Dalmellington; the junction was to be called Maybole Junction, but was named Dalrymple Junction when the line opened to goods traffic on 15 May 1856.
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Harry Dack (1877 – 1954) was a British trade unionist and politician. Born in Loftus-by-Cleveland, Dack received a basic education at Skinningrove Council School but, while still a child, began working in the local ironstone mines. In 1902, Dack was elected as a checkweighman, and the following year, he was elected to the executive committee of the Cleveland Miners' and Quarrymen's Association. In 1911, he became the president and full-time agent of the union. He represented the union on various bodies, including serving on the executive of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain, attending the Trades Union Congress and Labour Party conferences, and three international conferences of miners: in Brussels in 1910, Carlsbad in 1913, and Prague in 1925.
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Vast quantities of coal were mined in Wales during the Industrial Revolution and the earlier part of the twentieth century, after which coal stocks dwindled and the remaining pits became uneconomical as foreign coal became available at low prices. The last deep pit in Wales closed in 2008. Ironstone outcrops along the northern edge of the South Wales Coalfield were extensively worked for the production of iron and were important in the initiation of the Industrial Revolution in South Wales. Lead, Silver and to a lesser extent Zinc were mined in the upland areas of the rivers Ystwyth and Rheidol and in the headwaters of the River Severn for centuries and smaller deposits were also mined at Pentre Halkyn in Flintshire during the Roman occupation of Britain.
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Bicester Library The vernacular buildings of the town have features of both the Cotswold dip slope to the northwest and the Thames Valley to the southeast. The earliest surviving buildings of the town are the medieval church of St Edburg; the vicarage of 1500 and two post Dissolution houses in the former Priory Precinct constructed from reused mediaeval material. These buildings are mainly grey oolitic limestone, from the Priory Quarry at Kirtlington, five miles (8 km) west on Akeman Street, some ginger lias (ironstone) comes from the area around Banbury and white and bluish grey cornbrash limestone was quarried in Crockwell and at Caversfield two miles (3 km) to the north. Early secular buildings were box framed structures, using timber from the Bernwood Forest.
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In 1905, a Coal Mines (Weighing of Minerals) Act improved some provisions relating to appointment and pay of checkweighers and facilities for them and their duly appointed deputies in carrying out their duties. In 1906, the Notice of Accidents Act provided for improved annual returns of accidents and for immediate reporting to the district inspector of accidents under newly defined conditions as they arise in coal and metalliferous mines. While the classes of mines regulated by the act of 1887 are the same as those regulated by the act of 1872 (i.e. mines of coal, of Act of stratified ironstone, of shale and of fire-clay, including, works above ground where the minerals are prepared for 1887 use by screening, washing, &c.
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The Sanctuary View up the nave towards the East The circular baptismal font There has been a church on the site since the 11th-centurySt Mary's Church, Potton - Bedfordshire Parish Churches database. Retrieved 7 February 2019. but the present structure is 13th-century in origin, with 14th, 15th and early 16th-century additions and is built of cobblestones and ironstone with ashlar dressings with a mixture of plain and embattled parapets. It has a chancel, South chapel, nave, North transept, North and South aisles, North porch and West tower. The chancel dates to the 13th-century but was reworked in the 15th-century; the chancel has a 19th- century pointed-arched three-light East window and a 16 arch two-bay South arcade.
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MSc dissertation, University of Brighton The Purbeck Group has a typical thickness of 77 to 186m in the Weald and is composed of predominantly bluish grey calcareous mudstones. Limited developments of limestone, sandstone, siltstone, ironstone and evaporite minerals occur throughout the sequence. The Purbeck Group was deposited in an environment of braided rivers and muddy lagoons, which periodically dried out, resulting in the now economic deposits of gypsum being deposited in this area, The same beds outcrop on the Jurassic Coast in Dorset but there are difficulties in correlating the two exposures, which has led to increased study of these rocks. During their deposition the region lay at a latitude of about 30°N and thus experienced a tropical climate.
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In January 1877, a great storm swept huge ironstone slabs from the sea bed onto Happisburgh beach. The slabs preserved the impressions of leaves from oaks, elms, beeches, birches, and willows that had lived thousands of years ago. Pleistocene bison bones, found in the 1870s, provided the first evidence of early human activity; a re-examination of the bones in 1999 found that they were scored with tell-tale cut marks, indicating that the animals had been butchered by humans with stone tools. Paleolithic handaxe, from Happisburgh, found on the beach by a man walking his dog in 2000 In 2000, a black flint handaxe, dating to between 600,000 and 800,000 years ago, was found by a man walking on the beach.
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Sir William became the heir to the earldom, took the surname Talmash (later Tollemache) and the courtesy title Lord Huntingtower. His great grandson, the 9th earl of Dysart, who inherited in 1878, spent heavily on village improvements. These included the demolition of the Bull Row terrace and its replacement with higher-quality semi-detached family homes, the creation of reading rooms in 1886, which became Buckminster Institute in 1898 (the forerunner to the Village Hall), the restoration of St John the Baptist church and the building of a new village school. Land to the south and east of Buckminster village was quarried for ironstone between 1948 and 1968 on a rolling opencast basis, with the fields returned to agricultural use within a season.
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Archaeological finds throughout the eastern United States suggest that mocha was used in taverns and homes, from lowly slave quarters to Thomas Jefferson's Monticello and Poplar Forest. After the mid 19th century, British imports waned, with those potteries still making mocha concentrating on government-stamped capacity-verified measures (jugs and mugs) for use in pubs and markets. North American product was based entirely on yellow or buff- colored bodies banded in black with broad white slip bands on which the dendritic markings appeared. Some British makers used yellow-firing clay, too, but the bulk of the wares were based on white bodies, the earliest being creamware and pearlware, while later, heavier and thicker bodies resembled ironstone, known best to archaeologists simply as "whiteware".
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Robert Logan Jack, FGS, FRGS, the Government Geologist for Queensland, wrote a report on the region (and indeed all Queensland) in 1892. Along with fellow geologist Robert Etheridge, Junior, the New South Wales Government Palaeontologist, Jack identified "a bed of gypsum, of workable thickness, and of great purity" at Chollarton, a place said by Jack to lie near Collingwood (although the name only seems to appear in one other place in the records, also in connection with Jack's work). Jack also mentioned in his report that the area between Wokingham Creek and the Diamantina River, just north of the town, was characterised by grey sandstones "with occasional sandy ironstone or ironmasked sandstone". He furthermore wrote that there was silicified wood strewn over the ground.
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Bell Brothers, along with the plate maker Consett Iron Company and another family ironmaking firm of Northeast England, Bolckow Vaughan, Further, as regards the Bells and the Dormans, Bell Brothers was recorded in the Colliery Year Book and Coal Trades Directory of 1923 as having an annual output of 600,000 tons of coal for coking and manufacturing. Sir Hugh Bell was chairman and managing director; Arthur Dorman and Charles Dorman were directors. That same year, Bell Brothers, described in the Sydney Morning Herald as "owners of coal and ironstone mines and blast furnaces and rolling mills", was finally merged completely with Dorman Long. Sir Arthur Dorman was chairman; both Hugh Bell and his son Maurice Bell were among the directors.
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This point is located on the boundary the Central African Republic and Sudan, at the limit between the Vakaga and Haute-Kotto prefectures. The Congo-Nile divide runs southeast and then south along the border between South Sudan and Uganda to the east and the Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to the west. The Ironstone Plateau region between South Sudan and the DRC is cut by many streams that have formed steep and narrow valleys. The vast Sudd wetlands in South Sudan are fed by the Bahr al Jabal river that drains Lake Albert and Lake Victoria in the south, and also from ten smaller rivers flowing from the Congo-Nile divide which together provide 20 billion cubic meters of water annually.
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Through his company Markham & Co. and its successor Staveley Coal and Iron Company, Markham owned ironstone quarries, several coal mines (including Markham Colliery), chemical works, ironworks and an engineering works specialising in mining and tunnelling equipment. Other major local industries in recent history have included Staveley Works foundry and Staveley Chemicals. The nationwide decline in industry has meant that Staveley Chemicals and Staveley Works have now almost entirely closed, with the only section of the chemical plant remaining being the P-aminophenol plant (a key component to making Paracetamol), which is run by American/Irish company Covidien. Notice has been served on the plant, earmarked for closure around June 2012, this closure will mark the end of over 100 yrs.
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The theatre was designed by Starks and Flanders, a firm which was founded in Sacramento by New Yorker Leonard Starks in 1922 and designed many other important structures, including the Fox- Senator Theatre, the Elks Building, C. K. McClatchy High School, and the downtown post office. The theatre was also home to the Alhambra Pipe Organ, an organ of fifteen ranks built by the Robert Morton Organ Company in 1927. After it was removed in 1960, the instrument was used by the First Baptist Church in Stockton and now resides with the Kautz family at Ironstone Vineyards.www.theatreorgans.com In 1973, a bond measure intended to allow the City of Sacramento to purchase the theatre failed to pass, and the Alhambra was demolished to make way for a Safeway supermarket.
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The endowment received several benefactions, notably from Ralph, Earl of Chester, Hugh and Lambert de Scotney, and Hugh of Bayeux. William of Frieston, Hugh of Scotney, Gilbert of Ormsby, Eudo of Gilbert and Ivo of Strubby, were some of those recorded as having given the abbey lands in Tetney, Elkington, Aby and Messingham, in a charter of confirmation of the order's possessions granted by Henry III in 1224, and confirmed by Edward III in 1336. Towards the end of the 12th century one of the endowments made to the abbey of land outside Lincolnshire reveals their skill as ironworkers. Sir Water de Abbetoft gave the monks some his woods at Birley, near Brampton, Derbyshire, with rights to ironstone, and beech and elm for fuel, a bloomery, or iron smelting furnace, and a forge.
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The flowers are approximately in diameter with fine hairs which extend from the calyx lobes beyond the petals. Found on sand plains, ridges and undulating slopes in an area in the extending from the Mid West through the Wheatbelt and into the Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows on sandy soils over laterite or ironstone. The species was first formally described by the botanist John Lindley in 1839 as part of his work A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. Various synonyms exist including Calycothrix lasiostachya as described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1859 in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae, Calycothrix sapphirina by Johannes Conrad Schauer in 1843 in Monographia Myrtacearum Xerocarpicarum and Calytrix lasiostachya as described by George Bentham in 1867 as part of the article Orders XLVIII.
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West Rigg Open Cutting is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Wear Valley district of west County Durham, England. It is a disused ironstone quarry, located just over 1 km north of the village of Westgate, in Weardale. At West Rigg, the Slitt Vein, a 20 km-long quartz intrusion in the Namurian Great Limestone, is exposed at the surface; the exposure is up to 5 m wide over a distance of some 200 m. During Late Permian times, extensive mineralisation occurred in the vicinity of the Slitt Vein: high salinity fluids, rich in iron, permeated the Great Limestone which, throughout its full thickness, was mineralised, producing siderite and ankerite minerals which were subsequently oxidised, yielding a limonitic ore with an iron content of over 40 percent.
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In it is found on rocky ridges, breakaways in skeletal sand soils in inland areas of all states of mainland Australia except Victoria. In Western Australia it is found in the Mid West, Pilbara and Goldfields-Esperance regions where it grows in stony red sandy-clay-loam soils over ironstone, basalt or laterite. In the Northern Territory it is found in the IBRA bioregions of Burt Plain, Central Ranges, Channel Country, Finke (biogeographic region), Gibson Desert, Great Sandy Desert, Great Victoria Desert, Little Sandy Desert, MacDonnell Ranges, Mitchell Grass Downs, Mulga Lands, Pilbara, Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields, Stony Plains, and Tanami, and occurs on rocky or gravelly ranges, hills or rises composed of neutral or acidic rocks, sandplains, low sandy rises, dunefields, Mulga-dominated red earth plains and creek floodouts.
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Ahausen is first mentioned in documents in 1320. The cluster village lies right on the Lahn where the Grundbach empties into it, which explains why the three mills that once stood here. Under the name Berinbach, the outlying centre of Bermbach was first mentioned in documents in 1253. Besides agriculture, the villagers also worked at mining. Ore was mined from pits in Bermbach's municipal area up until 1914, when operations ceased. The certification of an estate in 1196 by Pope Celestine III is Drommershausen's first mention in documents. There is historical evidence of an oil mill in 1666, and also, a blast furnace for smelting ironstone mined in the area is mentioned in 1679. In 1325, under the name Gauderinbach, today's outlying centre of Gaudernbach was first mentioned.
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Near the house the spaces are structured into a series of formal terraces with statuary and other ornaments, while areas of the garden that adjoin the bushland have a more natural feel. The unusual richness and design excellence of its landscape features such as the use of local ironstone for retaining walls, the incorporation of natural rock formations and indigenous trees, the carefully arranged planting schemes, the use of ornaments such as vases, urns, statues and fountains, and the skilful borrowing of natural scenery all give it major aesthetic significance. So too does the architectural design and interation of the residence, studio, garden theatre, water features and decorative iron grilles. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
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Carronades were produced at the works during the Napoleonic Wars period. Clyde Iron was the location of a key development in the Industrial Revolution in Scotland when James Beaumont Neilson successfully introduced the hot blast furnace in 1828, reducing the volume and carbon content of coal needed in the furnaces to produce the iron, which in turn meant that Scottish metal became cheaper to produce using local coal. From the 1860s the works was served by a major railway after the Whifflet Line between Glasgow and Coatbridge was constructed directly to the south of the site. Ironstone was obtained from Monklands and coal from local pits across Lanarkshire such as in Carmyle and Cambuslang via connecting industrial railway lines, until the supply from those sources was eventually exhausted.
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Several attempts to excavate the mosaic were made but it was not until 1972 when it was accurately excavated and recorded by the curator of Scunthorpe Museum. Later excavations by the Humberside Archaeology Unit concluded that the mosaic was part of an aisled structure with the mosaic forming the flooring for a suite of rooms at one end of the villa which may have been up to 22 yards (20 m) wide and 55 yards (50 m) long. Although no railway line runs directly to Roxby, a major landfill site is situated a few miles away in a disused ironstone quarry. This is served by the remnants of the North Lindsey Light Railway over which trainloads of household rubbish are transported in containers from various locations in the Greater Manchester area.
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In June 1975, there were still 41 locations where steam was in regular use, and many more where engines were maintained in reserve in case of diesel failures. Gradually, the decline of the ironstone quarries, steel, coal mining and shipbuilding industries – and the plentiful supply of redundant British Rail diesel shunters as replacements – led to the end of steam power for commercial uses. Several hundred rebuilt and preserved steam locomotives are still used on preserved volunteer-run 'heritage' railway lines in the UK. A proportion of the locomotives are regularly used on the national rail network by private operators where they run special excursions and touring trains. A new steam locomotive, the LNER Peppercorn Class A1 60163 Tornado has been built (began service in 2009), and more are in the planning stage.
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The West of Fife Mineral Railway systemAs the extractive industries of West Fife developed, increasing numbers of pits needed a railway connection, and on 14 July 1856 the West of Fife Mineral Railway was authorised, to build a line between Dunfermline and Killairnie, on the way to Saline. Good quality blackband ironstone and limestone were known to be available as well as coal. The Dunfermline starting point was to be at or near the Elgin Railway Junction (which became Whitemyre Junction), and the termination was to be "at a Point in a Field or Enclosure on the Estate of Killairnie, adjoining the Junction of the Turnpike Road from Redcraigs to Saline, with the New Road leading there from to North Steelend". There was to be a branch to Kingseat.
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The Chalybeate Spring at Mittagong, New South Wales was a perennial, carbonated, chalybeate (iron-rich) mineral spring Successive chalybeate springs at Mittagong had, over many thousands of years, created a deposit of iron ore that was mined by the Fitzroy Iron Works, which was closely associated with the early development of the town of Mittagong, in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia. The spring was for many years a tourist attraction, mainly during the second half of the 19th century and first few decades of the 20th century.The Chalybeate Spring is within the small enclosure on the right. The (disused) 'Top Works' of Fitzroy Iron Works is in the background and the 'Ironstone Bridge' on the Great South Road (now Old Hume Highway) is in the middle distance.
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153x153px Wet ground and grass-covered iron oxide mound at the site of the former Mineral Springs Reserve – Jan. 2019 There is an interpretive sign with information about the spring and the history of the land, outside the former Mineral Springs Reserve near the entrance to the Mittagong RSL Club from the Old Hume Highway. The name of the nearby Springs Resorts—owned by the Mittagong RSL Club—refers to the old spring, There is still a significant amount of iron ore—deposited over millennia by chalybeate springs—on the southern side of the Old Hume Highway, at the western end of the former Mineral Springs Reserve and under nearby houses along the Old Hume Highway. Bare patches of the hillside are rust-coloured and ironstone rock outcrops in places.
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By the early 1870s New Mill had become the village of Miskin, with the village centre being based around the inn, which is now The Miskin Arms pub. The name change from New Mill to Miskin was brought about by Judge Gwilym Williams, and was taken from the medieval commote of Miskin by Williams, a staunch Welsh patriot, he lived at Miskin Manor (built 1864), a Victorian L-plan mansion in a neo-Tudor style. By the 1870s several ironstone mines are evident to the north of the village, and the village's population continued to grow, as skilled miners rather than heavy labourers, were needed to extract the ore. The 1871 census reveals the village's population as 144, with more than half of the miners, immigrants from the depressed copper mining county of Cornwall.
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It begins at Scarth Wood Moor trig point or the western Lyke Wake Stone in Sheepwash car park, follows the summit track from Live Moor over Carlton Moor, Cringle Moor, Cold Moor and Hasty Bank, Smuggler's Trod, Bloworth, Ironstone Railway, Esklets or South Flat Howe or Lion Inn, White Cross (Fat Betty), Shunner Howe, Hamer, Blue Man-i'-th'-Moss, Wheeldale Stepping Stones, Fen Bogs, Eller Beck, Lilla Howe, Jugger Howe ravine, Stony Marl Moor, to the eastern Lyke Wake Stone at Beacon Howes or Ravenscar. A summary description of the classic route with photographs is described by Richard Gilbert in his book, The Big Walks and a guidebook is available. A detailed illustrated description of the western half of the walk is given in Alfred Wainwright's A Coast to Coast Walk. Most crossings are done west to east.
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In the second attempt in the late 1656–67 by Captain John Copley also failed despite Dudley, at no charge, improving the efficiency of Copley's bellows. Dudley reapplied for a patent from Charles II, in 1660 stating "and seeing no man able to perform the mastery of making of iron with pit-coal or sea-coal, ... [without my] laudable inventions the author was, and is, unwilling [that they] should fall to the ground and die with him".Scrivenor quoting Dudley, A significant feature of his great work Metallum Martis is a map showing Dudley Castle where he correctly identifies the order and geographic layout of strata of coal and ironstone under survey. Considered to be the earliest of recorded geologic maps, Metallum Martis marks a turning point in the evolution of scientific rationale concerning the recording and interpretation of geological information.
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Connection to the E&GR; would give onward transport opportunities for minerals from the Slamannan area and the Monkland coalfields and ironworks; the Bo'ness Harbour connection was to give export and import potential. The port was declining in importance, particularly due to nearby Grangemouth, which benefitted from the termination of the Forth and Clyde Canal and the authorities at Bo'ness welcomed the prospect of a railway connection. In 1845 a blast furnace was started at Kinneil, processing the ironstone that was already being mined in the vicinity.Don Martin, The Monkland and Kirkintilloch and Associated Railways, Stratyhkelvin District Libraries and Museums, Kirkintilloch, 1995, The Slamannan proprietors arranged for friendly interests to promote a nominally independent company to get to Bo'ness, and the Slamannan and Borrowstounness Railway (S&BR;) was authorised by Act of Parliament on 26 June 1846 to make the line.
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The Cleveland constituency was created when the North Riding of Yorkshire constituency was divided by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, and Cleveland then covered the northern tip of the North Riding. In 1918 it was redefined in terms of local government areas, and covered part of Guisborough Rural District and the Middlesbrough Rural District, along with the urban districts of Eston, Guisborough, Hinderwell, Loftus, Redcar, Saltburn by the Sea and Skelton and Brotton. In 1948 it was redefined again to cover Eston, Guisborough, Loftus, Redcar, Saltburn and Marske by the Sea and Skelton and Brotton; the new boundaries were first used for the 1950 general election. As such it was a socially mixed constituency throughout its existence, containing working class Middlesbrough suburbs and ironstone mining villages as well as middle class resorts and agricultural communities.
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A wall celebrating the name Ironopolis Iron and steel have dominated the Tees area since 1841 when Henry Bolckow in partnership with John Vaughan, founded the Vulcan iron foundry and rolling mill. Vaughan, who had worked his way up through the Iron industry in South Wales, used his technical expertise to find a more abundant supply of Ironstone in the Eston Hills in 1850, and introduced the new "Bell Hopper" system of closed blast furnaces developed at the Ebbw Vale works. These factors made the works an unprecedented success with Teesside becoming known as the "Iron-smelting centre of the world" and Bolckow, Vaughan & Co., Ltd became the largest company in existence.Institution of Civil Engineers, Obituary, 1869. Pig iron production rose tenfold between 1851 and 1856 and by the mid 1870s Middlesbrough was producing one third of the entire nations Pig Iron output.
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Billesdon Church, with ridge and furrow in foreground There was a church here by 1162, which had been given to Leicester Abbey by William de Syfrewast. The present Church of England ironstone building, on Church Street near the junction with Brook Lane, is dedicated to St. John the Baptist and comprises a nave, north and south aisles, chancel, tower and spire. The base of the tower and the north wall of the arcade were probably both built before 1250; the upper stages of the tower and the spire are from the later 13th-century; the north aisle may have been rebuilt in the 14th century; the chancel was rebuilt in the 15th century. When John Throsby visited in 1790 he found the 'principal aisle' was 'crowded with two shabby galleries, not unlike two large pigeon boxes stuck against a wall'.
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On 25 March 1885, this parish was reduced in size when the "Vendy's Lodge" area was transferred to Thorpe Langton Civil Parish. On 25 March 1885, this parish gained in size when portions of Thorpe Langton Civil Parish and West Langton Civil Parish were transferred to it. In 1925 this parish was further increased in size, when it gained about 63 acres of land when the Civil Parish borders in the area were "adjusted". Most of the houses in the village appear to have been built or rebuilt in brick during the 19th and early 20th centuries but a few older buildings survive. The Bell Inn, now acting as a bed and breakfast, is an ironstone building of three bays, the north bay of which has been rebuilt in brick; the older part dates from the late 17th century.
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Pease was a member of the Darlington Pease family, being the son of Joseph Pease and his wife Emma Gurney, daughter of Joseph Gurney of Lakenham Grove, Norwich. His father was a Quaker industrialist and railway pioneer of Darlington, and M.P. for South Durham from 1832 to 1841. Pease was educated at the Quaker run Lawrence Street school in York, (which later became Bootham School). "Peace" Pease as caricatured by Spy (Leslie Ward) in Vanity Fair, October 1887He was a banker, an owner of coal and ironstone mines in Durham and Yorkshire, and a director of numerous companies, including the family's original woollen mill business Henry Pease & Co., the family bank J & JW Pease, The Owners of the Middlesbrough Estate, the locomotive manufacturers Robert Stephenson and Company, and the North Eastern Railway of which he became chairman.
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Diagram showing the site of the Iron Age hillfort at Eston Nab Remains from the Bronze Age have been found, such as flint arrowheads, possibly date back to between 6000 and 4000 BC. Frank Elgee, curator of the Dorman Museum, Middlesbrough, in 1927, uncovered parts of an earthenware cremation urn, together with burnt bone and flint. These possibly dated from 1800 BC. There was a substantial Iron Age hill fort at Eston Nab. Boulder walls and ditches are still visible even though they were built in around 700 BC. Eston Hills, of which it is the highest point, had a warren of cavernous tunnels carved into them, to create the ironstone mines that closed in 1949. They formed the original basis for the iron and steel industry on the River Tees and the building of Middlesbrough.
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Point numbers are the height in feet above sea level as given on the one inch Ordnance Survey Tourist Map of the North York Moors (1970 edition); the metric equivalents are identified on the Landranger and Explorer Series maps. The Wainstones on Hasty Bank The original route began at Scarth Wood Moor trig point, followed the Alum/Jet Miners Track from Live Moor to Hasty Bank, then to Smuggler's Trod, Bloworth, Ironstone Railway, Esklets, White Cross (Fat Betty), Shunner Howe, Hamer, Blue Man-i'-th'-Moss, Wheeldale Stepping Stones, Fen House, Tom Cross Rigg, Snod Hill, Lilla Howe, Jugger Howe ravine, Helwath, Pye Howe Rigg, to Ravenscar (Raven Hall Hotel). This route is no longer possible as a section is within the Ministry of Defence controlled area at RAF Fylingdales Early Warning Radar Station. Boundary Stone, Urra Moor Most crossings now follow the classic route, a variation of the original.
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The Black Country, including Dudley, was already a major centre of iron manufacture in England ("Within ten miles of Dudley Castle there were 20,000 smiths of all sorts and many iron works at that time within that circle decayed for want of wood"). With such an obvious abundance of coal, some places being found in seams up to ten feet thick, and ironstone four feet in depth immediately under the coal, and with limestone adjacent to both, the ability to make iron with coal (coke) held out the prospect of great profits, but Dudd Dudley failed to obtain them. As water power was the main means of driving bellows for furnaces, as well as drop hammers, rolling and sharpening mills, iron production and working in Staffordshire and Worcestershire was concentrated along the small rivers: the Worcestershire Stour, its main tributary, the River Smestow, and many smaller streams in their catchment.
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Iron ore had been mined in the Corby, Northamptonshire area for some time, when Samuel Lloyd came to the village in 1880 and negotiated the purchase of the mineral rights for the Manor of Corby. Extraction commenced in the following year and the ore was then transported by rail to the Albion Works in the West Midlands. Lloyds Ironstone Company, who erected two blast furnaces on the edge of the village in 1910, started iron production but the main problems was the extraction of the ore itself, the physical act of getting the ore from the ground was in need of mechanization and before the end of the 19th century a mechanical digger, with a bucket capable of holding 11 cubic yards arrived in the mines. To increase production further a steam shovel, after finishing work on the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal, was brought to Corby.
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System map of the R&C; line in 1865The first railways in the Coatbridge area were the so-called coal railways: the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway (M&KR;) of 1826, built primarily to convey coal from the Monklands pits south-east of Airdrie to Glasgow and the Forth and Clyde Canal, and its associated lines. The M&KR; was itself by-passed by the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway of 1831, with a Glasgow terminus at Townhead. These railways started as horse-operated lines with stone block sleepers and a non-standard local track gauge, clearly with no thought of developing a network. The Monklands coal was abundant, and when black band ironstone was discovered nearby, and the hot blast furnace system of iron smelting was developed locally, and suddenly the Monklands, Airdrie and Coatbridge, was the centre of phenomenal growth in the iron industries.
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Stewart trained in accountancy before acquiring his father's iron and coal business at Cleland. Discovery of a seam of blackband ironstone led to considerable wealth. He joined the Glasgow Town Council in 1842 and took up a series of posts: as river bailie in 1843, ordinary magistrate in 1845 and senior bailie or acting chief magistrate in 1847. He was active, on horseback and in his office, in suppressing civil disturbances in 1848. He period as Lord Provost, which ended in 1854, coincided with the question of a water supply for Glasgow. He retired from the council at the end of 1855 and died on 12 September 1866. He had married Isabella King in 1852 and she, along with a daughter and two sons, survived him. MR. STEWART, like several of his predecessors in the office of Lord Provost, was a native of Glasgow. He was born in 1810.
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Netherton and Temple lie to the east. Both of these settlements (with Jordanhill and Scotstoun) appear on Joan Blaeu's 1662 Atlas of Scotland, but Knightswood is not shown, either omitted or not yet of significance.National Library of Scotland The earliest recorded settlement (1740) in the Knightswood area was known as the Red Town, a small village supporting ironstone miners and brickmakers.ancestry.comKnightswood Rows (Burrell Collection Photo Library, 1920), The Glasgow StoryKnightswood rows c1920s, Burrell Collection Photo Library), The Glasgow StoryOS Six-inch 1st edition, 1843-1882, Explore georeferenced maps (National Library of Scotland) Just before the First World War, Knightswood consisted of an Infectious Diseases Hospital (founded 1877National Archives) with a line of terraced cottages to the north called Knightswood Rows, a few houses on the site of Knightswood Secondary School (all that remained of Red Town), but the area was otherwise unpopulated farmland and disused mineworkings.
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The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway opened in 1826, followed by the adjacent Ballochney Railway in 1828, the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway in 1831, the Wishaw and Coltness Railway from 1833, and the Slamannan Railway from 1840. Coal production in the area grew enormously as a result of the greatly reduced transport costs, and in the 1830s, iron extraction and smelting in the Monklands had been growing: the discovery of blackband ironstone by David Mushet and the invention of the hot blast process of iron smelting by James Beaumont Neilson had created a huge industry of iron production in the Coatbridge area. The coal railways found themselves at the centre of an enormous mineral producing and processing area. Although some locomotive haulage took place, and a very limited passenger operation was conducted, the lines were technologically backward: the Ballochney and Slamannan lines had rope worked inclines.
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The last went to the newly created Westerburg district (which also got the Amt of Wallmerod as well as a few places from the Amt of Selters from the Unterwesterwaldkreis) in 1885-1886 on the occasion of administrative reform. Although in 1890 Marienberg had only 707 (mostly Evangelical) inhabitants and was officially said to be a village, it already had a considerable infrastructure at its disposal: the village had a provincial council office (Landratsamt), a court (Landgericht Limburg an der Lahn), a taxation and land registry office, a post and telegraph office, a credit union and an agency for the Nassauische Landesbank. Moreover, there was a tannery in the village, and nearby were brown coal and ironstone mines along with clay pits. When the district of Westerburg was united with the old Oberwesterwaldkreis to form the new, bigger Oberwesterwaldkreis in 1932, Marienberg lost its function as an administrative seat to Westerburg.
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There is evidence of human settlement in the Killingholme area dating to the pre-historical period – Neolithic stone axes were found close to the village in the late 1890s; from the Iron Age/Roman period part of a stone quern has been found in land between North and South Killingholme. St Denys' Church, Killingholme (2007) The church of St Denys dates at the earliest to the Norman period, with a 12th-century priest's door, as well as the arch at the base of the tower. The chancel is 13th-century, and the nave 14–15th century, with a clerestory added in the 16–17th century. The church was built mainly of limestone and ironstone, with brick, chalk, flint and rubble work, and some ashlar dressing. The church was restored in the 1700s, 1847, 1868, 1889, 1910 and 1926 including a new chancel arch, and brick buttresses.
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Fochriw’s growth was germinated to a lesser extent by the Rhymney Iron Company’s requirement for ironstone, and to a greater extent by the Dowlais Ironworks’ requirement for coal, the quality of which was so good that it was used directly in the iron making process without the need for its conversion to coke. Over a period of about 130 years, the landscape changed from rural to industrial, and back to rural, as it is today. However, the latter changes did not take place until relatively recently when nearly all the remnants of the coal mining industry were removed from around the village. The memories of the industrial landmarks, or eyesores, that remained following the closure of the Fochriw and South Tunnel collieries are only retained by those of a certain age, and the younger generation no longer have the “experience” of living in a community which is centred on coal.
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The Welsh canals were in the main constructed along narrow valleys, where the terrain prevented the easy construction of branches to serve the industries which were located along their routes, but they had the advantage that their enabling acts of parliament allowed tramways to be constructed, the land for which could be obtained by compulsory purchase, as if the tramway was part of the canal itself. This led to the development of an extensive network of tramways, to serve the many coal and ironstone mines which developed in the area. Dadford was an exponent of "edge rails", where flanged wheels ran on bar section rails, similar to modern railway practice, rather than wheels with no flanges running on "L" shaped tram-plates. Following Dadford's demise, Benjamin Outram was consulted on a number of matters, and recommended that the railways should be converted from edge rails to tram plates.
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Bedlington Ironworks, in Blyth Dene, Northumberland, England, operated between 1736 and 1867. It is most remembered as the place where wrought iron rails were invented by John Birkinshaw in 1820, which triggered the railway age, with their first major use being in the Stockton and Darlington Railway opened in 1825, about to the south. Blyth Dene, near Bedlington, was an idyllic location next to the River Blyth which had all the right ingredients for an ironworks at the time: there were nodules of ironstone in the coal-laden banks of the river, there was plenty of wood for the traditional approach of charcoal making, water for driving the hammers, and the port of Blyth was only two miles downriver for shipping of the products. At the time, a Shropshire man, Abraham Darby had started a revolution in ironmaking by using coke instead of charcoal.
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There were never more than four passenger trains daily running throughout on the line, although there were some short working to Thrapston, and on summer Saturdays in the 1950s a through Leicester to Clacton-on-Sea service operated. The company was vested in the Midland Railway on 6 August 1897. After the 1923 Grouping, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) took control of the line; the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) controlled the main line at Huntingdon and eastwards. Soon the ironstone at the western end of the line became exhausted, and this, together with the increase in motor transport, caused a decline in the line's importance. There was a possibility of the line closing in the late 1930s but the demands of wartime transport during World War II kept the line in operation; a United States Air Force base was established at Stow Longa, which resulted in increased munitions traffic for the time being.
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In 1835 a railway was brought to Grosmont by the Whitby and Pickering Railway and its engineer George Stephenson. It was a horse-worked line and opened from Whitby as far as Grosmont (then known as 'Tunnel' from the tunnel required to pass from Grosmont towards Beckhole) in 1835. From 1900 to 1924 iron ore extraction resulted in the whole area under Grosmont station being mined, on the 'pillar and stall' method; the railway company (the NER) simply bought the ironstone under the station house and the river bridge and made preparations to deal with subsidence elsewhere. In 1845 the railway was sold to George Hudson's York and North Midland Railway (Y&NMR;); additional parliamentary powers were obtained (by the W&P;) to make various improvements to its alignment and to permit the introduction of steam power and the line was converted from single into a fully double track steam powered railway.
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The Cotswolds AONB Management Plan 2018–2023 was adopted by the Board in September 2018. The landscape of the AONB is varied, including escarpment outliers, escarpments, rolling hills and valleys, enclosed limestone valleys, settled valleys, ironstone hills and valleys, high wolds and high wold valleys, high wold dip-slopes, dip-slope lowland and valleys, a Low limestone plateau, cornbrash lowlands, farmed slopes, a broad floodplain valley, a large pastoral lowland vale, a settled unwooded vale and an unwooded vale. While the beauty of the Cotswolds AONB is intertwined with that of the villages that seem almost to grow out of the landscape, the Cotswolds were primarily designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty for the rare limestone grassland habitats as well as the old growth beech woodlands that typify the area. These habitat areas are also the last refuge for many other flora and fauna, with some so endangered that they are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.
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The main entrance, from Beverley Road, wide by high, was an ornamental gateway by Young and Pool, iron gates by Thompson and Stather of Hull formed the Princess Avenue entrance. The east entrance lodge, (1861?) is now listed. Other early features surviving included a cast iron drinking fountain (1861), and statues of Queen Victoria (installed 1861) and Prince Albert (installed 1868), both by Thomas Earle. Typical large Pearson Park house (2008) Housing development on the surrounding road took place throughout the latter part of the 19th century; by 1890 much the road had been developed, all substantial houses;Ordnance Survey. 1:2500. 1893 F. W. Hagen was architect for many of them, numbers 43, 50 and 54, all from the early 1860s are listed buildings. A memorial to Pearson was added in 1897, as a marble relief, fixed to an ironstone monolith. A bandstand was installed in 1908.Pearson Park (Hull City Council, 2001), p.
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The mediaeval cross in the churchyard was demolished by Puritan William Dowsing in 1643 View from the chancel towards the rear of the rood screen and facing the seats of 1442 A church existed in the parish before 1120 but what can be seen today is no earlier than the 13th-century: this includes the South and North nave arcades, the North aisle and the chancel. St Mary's church is built in the Early English style with a square tower (now containing eight bells) from fieldstones and local ironstone. The South aisle and South chapel date to about 1300 while the North porch is also a 14th-century addition. Remodelling of the church in the 15th and 16th-centuries affected the entire building except for the nave arcades. The seats in the chancel date to about 1442 The West tower is 13th-century in origin and was largely rebuilt in the 14th and 15th-centuries.
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In the Coal Mines Act 1872 we see the first important effort to provide a complete code of regulation for the special dangers to health, life and limb in coal mines apart from other mines; it applied to > "mines of coal, mines of stratified ironstone, mines of shale and mines of > fire-clay." Unlike the companion act—applying to all other mines—it maintained the age limit of entering underground employment for boys at ten years, but for those between ten and twelve it provided for a system of working analogous to the half-time system in factories, including compulsory school attendance. The limits of employment for boys from twelve to sixteen were io hours in any one day and 54 in any one week. The chief characteristics of the act lay in extension of [the " general " safety rules, improvement of the method of formulating "special" safety rules, provision for certificated and competent management, and increased inspection.
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Welham was on the LNWR's Rugby and Stamford line, just north-east of Market Harborough. The London and North Western Railway saw advantage for itself in this line, as it would get access to the ironstone and colliery districts of East Nottinghamshire, so the LNWR agreed to make it jointly with the GNR. The GNR insisted that the Leicester to Marefield section should be its alone, and in exchange the LNWR was granted the inclusion of an additional line, a shorter route from the main part of the Joint line towards Nottingham (from Stathern Junction to Saxondale Junction, eliminating the necessity to go via Bottesford). By now the GNR had obtained its Derbyshire and Staffordshire extension,The Great Northern (Derbyshire and Staffordshire) Act, 1872) so that the proposed Joint Railway had the potential for the LNWR to get access to considerable areas of mineral fields, in addition to reaching Nottingham and Grantham.
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There were regular mixed freights from Camden to Doncaster, > including a wool train going on to Bradford. Stone trains ran from > Northamptonshire to Scunthorpe. Until 1939, a hundred trains a day used the > line, but these were reduced after nationalisation, until by 1960 they were > being rationalised on to other routes. Local traffic was mainly > agricultural: milk traffic was centred on John o' Gaunt, which sent up to > four tanks daily to London... Cattle traffic was such that a passenger train > might pick up sixteen cattle trucks en route... Ironstone, though, was most > important... Before the World War I there were about a dozen passenger trains between John o' Gaunt and Stathern; half of them worked between Grantham and Leicester and half between Northampton and Nottingham. One of the latter was an express; in addition three trains a day ran between Leicester Belgrave Road and Peterborough, via the Lowesby, Medbourne and Longville curves, but this service was discontinued in 1916.
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Silurian rocks are found in the northwest of the park where a north-east to south-west aligned tract of country running (within the park) from Halfway southwest to Trap is known to geologists as the Myddfai Steep Belt and formed from a succession of sandstones and mudstones of Wenlockian, Ludlovian and Pridoli age. Beginning with the Tirabad Formation, the Wenlockian part comprises the Sawdde Sandstone, Ffinnant Sandstone and Halfway Farm formations. The Ludlow age part comprises the Hafod Fawr, Mynydd Myddfai Sandstone, Trichrug and Cae’r Mynach formations. There are occasional siltstone, ironstone and limestone units within this succession. Much of the park sits within the Anglo-Welsh basin which was active from late Silurian times through the Devonian to the early Carboniferous during which time it acquired a mix of sand, mud and silt which would eventually become the sandstones, mudstones and siltstones of the Old Red Sandstone, often contracted to ‘ORS’.
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The growth of industry in the area led to the development of the town of Scunthorpe in a formerly sparsely populated entirely agricultural area. From the early 1910s to the 1930s the industry consolidated, with three main ownership concerns formed – the Appleby- Frodingham Steel Company, part of the United Steel Companies; the Redbourn Iron Works, part of Richard Thomas and Company of South Wales (later Richard Thomas and Baldwins); and John Lysaght's Normanby works, part of Guest, Keen and Nettlefolds. In 1967 all three works became part of the nationalised British Steel Corporation (BSC), leading to a period of further consolidation – from the 1970s the use of local or regional ironstone diminished, being replaced by imported ore via the Immingham Bulk Terminal – much of the steelworks was re-established with equipment at or south and east of the Appleby-Frodingam works during the late 1960s as part of the Anchor modernisation. Primary iron production was at four blast furnaces first established or expanded in the 1950s, and known as the four Queens: named Queen Anne, Bess, Victoria, and Mary.
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There is also a framed newspaper cutting; this concerns a photograph of an alleged ghost taken in the church in 1964.Codd, Daniel. Mysterious Northamptonshire. Breedon Books (2009). p.131-132. Woodford House, an early 19th-century mansion, was the home of the Arbuthnot family and scene of the death of the diarist Harriet Arbuthnot in 1833. The property was purchased in 1880 by Charles Henry Plevins from Arthur Arbuthnot, son of General Charles Arbuthnot. The house was altered between 1899 and 1910 and had a new garden created in 1909.NCC, Record Office The Arbuthnots owned iron ore quarries on the estate which were dug from circa 1851, an early date for what was later to become a large industry in Northamptonshire.The History of Ironstone Mining around Burton Latimer The Arbuthnot's quarry appears to have been short-lived but a sample of the ore was exhibited at the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, London, in 1851. There was a further experiment in commercial quarrying from about 1860 and again in 1866.
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The line was to join the Boston to Lincoln line near Five Mile House, that distance from Lincoln. Huge reserves of ironstone were believed to exist at Apley and Donington on Bain, on the line of route.Robin Leleux, A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: volume 9: The East Midlands, David and Charles (Publishers) Limited, Newton Abbot, 1976, , pages 199 and 200Donald J Grant, Directory of the Railway Companies of Great Britain, Matador Publishers, Kibworth Beauchamp, 2017, , pages 342 and 343John Wrottesley, The Great Northern Railway: volume II: Expansion and Competition, B T Batsford Limited, London, 1979, , pages 27 and 28A J Ludlam, Branch Lines of East Lincolnshire: volume 1: Louth to Bardney, published by Lincolnshire Wolds Railway Society, 2015, The eastern entrance to South Willingham tunnelThe Company was in financial difficulties from the start, with problems over land acquisition, and shortage of subscriptions. Already in April 1867 the Directors applied to the Board of Trade to abandon the project, saying that problems with land purchase, and the junction at Five Mile House, were insuperable.
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The rail connection to the DSM plant A print works is shown above Doggartland in 1856, ironstone pits and their associated refuse tips were present at Hillend and Ryesholm, and a coal pit was also located at Ryesholm with an extensive network of mineral lines in the area.6 inch OS Map of 1856 Retrieved : 2013-08-01 Doggartland Mill was a woollen mill that was supplied with water power via the Rye Water and a series of lades and millponds. This mill was disused by 1909.6 inch OS Map of 1911 Retrieved : 2013-08-01 In 1895 a large woollen mill lay on the eastern side of the Rye Water at Ryeside near Fordmouth,6 inch to the mile OS Map of 1896 Retrieved : 2013-08-02 this was disused by 1938 and the old Doggartland had become a dye works.6 inch to the mile OS Map of 1940 Retrieved : 2013-08-02 Roche built a chemical works at Ryesholm in 1957 to manufacture Vitamins B1 and B5, and in subsequent expansion also produced a range of chemicals.
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Edgcote House Edgcote House is an 18th-century country house of two storeys plus a basement and a nine bay frontage. It is built of local ironstone with dressings of fine grey stone. Features include a carved mahogany staircase, and a drawing room decorated in a Chinese style. It is a Grade I listed building. In 1543 the Edgcote estate, which had previously belonged to Anne of Cleves, was bought from the Crown by William Chauncy, MP for Northamptonshire and High Sheriff of Northamptonshire for 1579. In 1642 Edgcote House was used as headquarters by the army of Charles I before the Battle of Edgehill on 23 October, the first major battle of the English Civil War. By 1742 the house had descended to Richard Chauncy, a London merchant, who commissioned the architect William Jones to build the present house in 1747–52 to replace a previous building.Pevsner & Cherry, 1973, page 209 He employed the carpenter Abraham Swan, and the plasterer John Whitehead. Initially the stables were surveyed by William Smith of Warwick (1705–1747), and rebuilt 1745–7.
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The Old Ironworks Colliery Tramways of Mittagong Simpson, J Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, August, 1952, pp51-54 Lake Alexandra was originally a water supply dam for railway engines hauling coal from the back of Mount Alexandra to the iron mines. It was drained in the 1890s when the land around it was given to Council by the Mittagong Land Company.History of the Berrima District Jarvis, James, p91 The presence of the ironstone was discovered when the deviation of the southbound road was being made through Mittagong in the early 1830s. Fifteen years elapsed before any attempt was made to work the iron deposit. In 1848 land was taken up and smelting commenced at the Fitzroy Iron Works in a small blast furnace that had been erected. The Sydney Morning Herald of 12 December 1848 said the public had already witnessed the success of the mine by the specimens of manufactured articles exhibited in Sydney. On 2 February 1849 it was stated that a quarry had been opened and stone prepared for buildings in course of erection. A brickfield had also commenced operations.
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Jukes based his Black Country on the seat of the great iron manufacture, which for him was geographically determined by the ironstone tract of the coalfield rather than the thick seam, running from Wolverhampton to Bloxwich, to West Bromwich, to Stourbridge and back to Wolverhampton again. A travelogue published in 1860 made the connection more explicit, calling the name "eminently descriptive, for blackness everywhere prevails; the ground is black, the atmosphere is black, and the underground is honeycombed by mining galleries stretching in utter blackness for many a league". An alternative theory for the meaning of the name is proposed as having been caused by the darkening of the local soil due to the outcropping coal and the seam near the surface. It was however the American diplomat and travel writer Elihu Burritt who brought the term "the Black Country" into widespread common usage with the third, longest and most important of the travel books he wrote about Britain for American readers, his 1868 work Walks in The Black Country and its Green Borderland.
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Roman masonry in the walls of Anderitum It has been estimated that it took around 160,000 man-days to build the fort, equivalent to 285 men spending two years building it or 115 men over five years. At least four gangs of builders appear to have worked on the surviving sections of walls; each gang was given a stretch of about at a time to build but executed the work in significantly different styles, for instance using differing numbers of tiled bonding-courses or ironstone facing in particular places. This may simply indicate varying levels of availability of construction materials at the time each segment was built, leading the gangs to use whatever supplies were available at that moment. The amount of construction material required was very large, equating to about of stone and mortar. It is not known how it was transported to the site, but that volume of material would have needed some 600 boat loads or 49,000 wagon loads, requiring 250 wagons pulled by 1,500–2,000 oxen to move it from the quarries to Pevensey.
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Comfortable but with less of a fortune, Smith devoted his remaining twenty years to church works and supporting his children in their endeavours. After the death of his father in 1866, his son Archibald Smith inherited the by now neglected Jordanhill estate. A qualified barrister who lived in London with his wife and three children, he devoted his spare time to working on the problems of the deviation of the navigational compass associated with the newly developed iron ships. In 1862 he published patents and papers to solve these, which brought him the Gold Medal of the Royal Society. Smith left most of the management of the estate to its staff, which generated £4,500 of income across its core holding, of which £3,000 came from the quickly diminishing coal mines and ironstone workings leased on the former farmlands to the Monkland Iron and Steel Co.Frances Groome's Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland, 1882-4 An 1872 government award of £2,000 for his compass research allowed him to replace the worst houses on the estate with new homes, today known as Compass Cottages in Anniesland Road.
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In the closing years of the 18th century, the pressing need to bring coal cheaply to Glasgow from the plentiful Monklands coalfield had been met by the construction of the Monkland Canal, opened throughout in 1794.Guthrie Hutton, Monkland: the Canal that Made Money, Richard Stenlake, Ochiltree, 1993, George Thomson, The Monkland Canal - a Sketch of the Early History, originally written in 1945, published by Monkland Library Services Department, 1984, This encouraged development of the coalfield but dissatisfaction at the monopoly prices said to be exacted by the canal led to the construction of the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway (M&KR;), Scotland's first public railway; it opened in 1826. Development of the use of blackband ironstone by David Mushet, and the invention of the hot blast process of iron smelting by James Beaumont Neilson in 1828 led to a huge and rapid increase in iron production and demand for the ore and for coal in the Coatbridge area. The industrial development led to the construction of other railways contiguous with the M&KR;, in particular the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway and the Wishaw and Coltness Railway.
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It is not known how long it took for Anderitum to be constructed, but it has been estimated that it took around 160,000 man- days to complete, equivalent to 285 men spending two years building it or 115 men over five years. At least four gangs of builders appear to have worked on the surviving sections of walls; each gang was given a stretch of about at a time to build but executed the work in significantly different styles, for instance using differing numbers of tiled bonding-courses or ironstone facing in particular places. This may simply indicate varying levels of availability of construction materials at the time each segment was built, leading the gangs to use whatever supplies were available at that moment.Johnson (1976), p. 58 The amount of construction material required was very large, equating to about of stone and mortar. It is not known how it was transported to the site, but that volume of material would have needed some 600 boat loads or 49,000 wagon loads, requiring 250 wagons pulled by 1,500–2,000 oxen to move it from the quarries to Pevensey.
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John Marley, discoverer of the Cleveland Ironstone which led to the enormous growth of the iron industry in the North East of England Before 1846 Walbottle, Elswick, Birtley, Ridsdale, Hareshaw, Wylam, Consett, Stanhope, Crookhall, Tow-Law and Witton Park all had iron works but the discovery of a rich seam of iron ore to the south of the region gradually drew iron and steel manufacture towards Teesside. In 1850 iron ore was discovered in the Cleveland Hills near Eston to the south of Middlesbrough and Iron gradually replaced coal as the lifeblood of Eston. The ore was discovered by geologist John Marley and first utilised by John Vaughan, the principal ironmaster of Middlesbrough who along with his German business partner Henry Bolckow had already established a small iron foundry and rolling mill using iron stone from Durham and the Yorkshire coast, with the new discovery prompting them to build Teesside's first blast furnace in 1851. Many more iron works followed, such as those built in the region by Losh, Wilson and Bell (see Sir Issac Lowthian Bell) who in 1853 were operating 5 furnaces in the region.
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