The closest wild relative is a weedy flower called Ipomoea trifida that grows around the Caribbean.
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The sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, is one of the most valuable crops in the world, providing more nutrients per farmed acre than any other staple.
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The expedition yielded a species of wild rice (Oryza meyeriana) that is resistant to bacterial disease and a type of sweet potato (Ipomoea cairica) that resists pests and can survive in salty soil.
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Some of the most spectacular discoveries from this year include a 1.5 metre-tall carnivorous bug-eating plant called Drosera magnifica found via Facebook in Brazil, and a close relative of the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in Bolivia that could offer an alternative option to the regular spud in the future.
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The larvae feed on Merremia hederaca, Lepistemon owariense, Solanum, Passiflora, Vernonia, Ipomoea (including Ipomoea whytei, Ipomoea repens and Ipomoea batatas) and possibly Zea species.
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Ipomoea × sloteri is an allotetraploid species derived from Ipomoea × multifida. It is a cultivated species with no natural range. Like Ipomoea × multifida, it is known as cardinal climber.
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Ipomoea purga is a species of flowering plant in the genus Ipomoea. It is commonly referred to as jalap.
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Ipomoea asarifolia, the ginger-leaf morning-glory, is a species of plant in the family Convolvulaceae, of the genus Ipomoea.
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Ipomoea abrupta is a species of plant in the family Convolvulaceae of the genus Ipomoea. It is endemic to Western Australia.
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Ipomoea coccinea is often confused with Ipomoea quamoclit since the flowers are similar. However, the leaves of the two species are very different. Ipomoea quamoclit has leaves that are more divided, resembling a pine bough, and look more like a cypress vine. Ipomoea coccinea has a red-orange color while I. hederifolia has a darker red colour.
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The forewings are blackish-brown and the hindwings are grey. The larvae feed on Ipomoea congesta, Ipomoea reptans and Ipomoea batastas. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The young larvae form a coiled or spiral linear mine.
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Ipomoea oenotherae is a species of plant of the morning glory genus, Ipomoea, in the family Convolvulaceae. It derives its name from the resemblance it bears to plants in the genus Oenothera. Ipomoea oenotherae is a succulent and a cryptophyte.
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Because studies on the presence of LSA in Ipomoea violacea do not specify the complete taxonomy of the plant, it cannot be certain that Ipomoea violacea contains d-lysergic acid amide. As of 2016, only Ipomoea tricolor is proved to contain LSA in its seeds.
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Ipomoea sagittifolia is a species of morning glory in the genus Ipomoea. It is native in many countries and is used in traditional Indian medicine because its seeds contains the indole alkaloids ipobscurine A, B, and C. The species is sometimes called Ipomoea marginata Verdc..
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Ipomoea purpurea, the common morning-glory, tall morning-glory, or purple morning glory, is a species in the genus Ipomoea, native to Mexico and Central America.
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The genus Ipomoea that contains the sweet potato also includes several garden flowers called morning glories, though that term is not usually extended to Ipomoea batatas. Some cultivars of Ipomoea batatas are grown as ornamental plants under the name tuberous morning glory, used in a horticultural context.
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The corolla of the flower of Ipomoea violacea is white, distinguishing this species from Ipomoea tricolor, commonly called Heavenly Blue. It is sometimes mistaken for the cultivar Pearly Gates, the corolla of which is also white, probably because of its misleading Latin binomial name, Ipomoea violacea, "violacea" meaning purple.
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Ipomoea imperati, the beach morning-glory (a name it shares with Ipomoea pes- caprae), is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae. Like Ipomoea pes-caprae, its seeds disperse by floating in seawater. It has been found on the sandy shores of every continent except Antarctica. Ipomoea imperati and I. pes-caprae can be easily can be distinguished in that I. imperati has white flowers and I. pes-caprae usually has purple flowers.
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Volume 57, Issue 5, July 2001, pp. 721–72. and quoted by the Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia, which purportedly showed the presence of Ergine, also known as d-lysergic acid amide (LSA) in Ipomoea violacea. The discoverer of LSD, Albert Hofmann, himself misleads the reader in his book Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers by describing Ipomoea tricolor (the flower shown in the book is clearly one of Ipomoea tricolor, heavenly blue), but is labeled as Ipomoea violacea. As specified in the upper section of its description, Ipomoea violacea's corolla is white only.
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Ipomoea tuberculata is a flowering plant species in the bindweed family (Convolvulaceae). It belongs to the morning glory genus, Ipomoea. Ipomoea tuberculata was first described by J. B. Ker Gawler in 1816. It can be confused with the plant described under the same name by J.J. Roemer and J. A. Schultes, but is I. cairica.
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Because it goes by so many names, it can easily be slipped through import inspections, and it is often available in Asian or specialty produce markets. The genus Ipomoea also contains the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Though the term "morning glory" is not usually extended to Ipomoea batatas, sometimes it may be referred to as a tuberous morning glory in a horticultural context. Some cultivars of Ipomoea batatas are grown for their ornamental value, rather than for the edible tuber.
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It is closely related to two other popular, award-winning climbing plants, Ipomoea indica (blue dawn flower) and Ipomoea tricolor (morning glory). The name “Spanish flag” is also used for Lantana camara, an ornamental shrub.
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The larvae feed on leaves of Convolvulaceae, Ipomoea batatas (sweet potatoes).
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A known host-plant of this species is Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae).
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Ipomoea violacea is a perennial species of Ipomoea that occurs throughout the world with the exception of the European continent. It is most commonly called beach moonflower or sea moonflower as the flowers open at night.
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Ipomoea holubii is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae.
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The moth flies from June to September depending on the location. The larvae mainly feed on Convolvulus species, including C. sepium, C. erubescens and C. arvensis, but also on Ipomoea pes-caprae, Ipomoea batatas and perhaps Chondrilla juncea.
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Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine, cypressvine morning glory, cardinal creeper, cardinal vine, star glory or hummingbird vine) is a species of vine in the genus Ipomoea native to tropical regions of the New World and naturalized elsewhere in the tropics.
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Acrocercops ipomoeae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Cuba.Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) The larvae feed on Jacquemontia and Ipomoea species, including Ipomoea batatas. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.
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Ipomoea nil is a species of Ipomoea morning glory known by several common names, including picotee morning glory, ivy morning glory, and Japanese morning glory. It is native to most of the tropical world, and has been introduced widely.
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This is a list of the 644 accepted species in the genus Ipomoea.
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This article is a list of diseases of the sweet potato, (Ipomoea batatas).
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The specific name is derived from the generic name of the host plant, Ipomoea.
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The Native Americans of Mexico are known to have long used the seeds of species of Ipomoea for preparing psychedelic infusions; several scientific studies indicate they contain several ergoline alkaloids with effects somewhat similar to, but weaker than, those of LSDDavid S. Seigler Plant secondary metabolism. Springer, 1998, p. 655. It is possible that some of these studies may have mistaken Ipomoea violacea for Ipomoea tricolor, e.g., works published in the scientific journal PhytochemistryPhytochemistry.
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Many herbivores avoid morning glories such as Ipomoea, as the high alkaloid content makes these plants unpalatable, if not toxic. Nonetheless, Ipomoea species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths); see list of Lepidoptera which feed on Ipomoea. For a selection of diseases of the sweet potato (I. batatas), many of which also infect other members of this genus, see List of sweet potato diseases.
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Telamoptilia prosacta is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Thailand, Taiwan, Indonesia (Java), India (Bihar), Japan (the Ryukyu Islands) and Fiji.Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) The wingspan is 6.5–8 mm. The larvae feed on Ipomoea species, including Ipomoea batatas.
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Ipomoea hederifolia is a species of herbaceous annual vine native to the Americas. It was first described by Linnaeus in 1759. It is commonly known as scarlet morning glory, scarlet creeper, star ipomoea, trompillo or "ivy-leaved morning glory" (which otherwise refers to I. hederacea).
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Ipomoea pulcherrima is a species of plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It is endemic to Peru.
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The forewings are dark tawny fuscous. The hindwings are brownish grey.lepiforum.de The larvae feed on Convolvulaceae species, including Ipomoea batatas, Convolvulus arvensis, Merremia quinquefolia and Ipomoea aquatica. First instar larvae create a tunnel of silk along the leaf vein and feeds underneath on the surface tissue.
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Ipomoea bracteata is a species of plant in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. It is endemic to Mexico.
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Proposed catalytic cycle of catechol oxidase purified from Ipomoea batata. Although a crystal structure of catechol oxidase has been solved, questions concerning the exact mechanism of the reaction remain. One mechanism proposed by Eicken et al. is based on the crystal structure of catechol oxidase purified from Ipomoea batatas.
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The larvae feed on Ipomoea species, including Ipomoea neei in Costa Rica. They mine the leaves of their host plant. Adults have been collected throughout the year. Probably the species has several overlapping generations in tropical areas and is double brooded in the northern part of its range.
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Anti-inflammatory activity of Ipomoea reniformis methanolic extract. Sanja SD, Sheth NR, Joshi DM, Golwala DK, Patel Dhaval, Raval MK. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research (IJPSDR) (ISSN 0975-248X), Mathura, India. 2009: Volume 1, Issue 3: 176-179.Antioxidant and antimutagenic Potential of Ipomoea reniformis Roxb.
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Ipomoea obscura, the obscure morning glory or small white morning glory, is a species of the genus Ipomoea. It is native to parts of Africa, Asia, and certain Pacific Islands, and it is present in other areas as an introduced species The seed of this plant is toxic if ingested.
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Ipomoea gracilis is a plant in the bindweed family, Convolvulaceae. It is found in northern and north-eastern Australia.
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Ipomoea aristolochiifolia is a species of plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It is endemic to parts of South America.
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Ergonovine enhances the action of oxytocin, used to still post partum bleeding. Ergine induces drowsiness and a relaxed state and might be useful in treating anxiety disorder. Whether Ipomoea species are a useful source of these compounds remains to be determined. In any case, in some jurisdictions certain Ipomoea are regulated, e.g.
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The Journal of the Linnean Society of London The larvae feed on Carissa macrocarpa, Ipomoea, Secamone gerrardi and Stictocardia tiliifolia.
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Red morning glory is an annual plant, so it can be grown as a climber over a fence to make a summertime screen and attract butterflies. Ipomoea × multifida is a hybrid between I. quamoclit (the cypress vine) and I. coccinea. The allotetraploid of this hybrid is Ipomoea sloteri. Both are known as cardinal climber.
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Ipomoea mauritiana, the giant potato, is a type of morning glory plant. Like the sweet potato, it belongs to the genus Ipomoea. It grows as a vine. Its origins are uncertain, but it has been recorded in West Africa, including in Gambia and the riparian forests of Benin, as well as Australia's Northern Territory.
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Ipomoea leptophylla, the bush morning glory, bush moonflower or manroot, is a flowering plant species in the bindweed family, Convolvulaceae. The Latin specific epithet leptophylla refers to leptophyllus -a -um fine- or slender- leaved.D. Gledhill It belongs to the morning glory genus Ipomoea and is native to the warm temperate regions of western North America.
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On the small sandy islands making up the reserve, vegetation consists mainly of Ipomoea pes-caprae, Sporobolus spicatus, and Alternanthera maritima.
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A pair of moonflowers newly bloomed Ipomoea alba - MHNT The Mesoamerican civilizations used the Ipomoea alba morning glory to convert the latex from the Castilla elastica tree to produce bouncing rubber balls. The sulfur in this morning glory served to cross-link the rubber, a process predating Charles Goodyear's discovery of vulcanization by at least 3,000 years.
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The wingspan is 8–10 mm. The larvae feed on Calystegia pubescens, Calystegia sepium, Convolvulus althaeoides, Convolvulus arvensis, Convolvulus siculus, Convolvulus tricolour, Ipomoea batatas and Ipomoea purpurea. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a narrow tortuous corridor with a central frass line, that often cuts off part of the leaf.
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The larvae feed on Ipomoea indica.Annotated Checklist of the Pterophoridae (Lepidoptera) of Florida They skeletonize the young leaves of their host plant.
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Recorded larval food plants include Buchanania, Ipomoea, Diospyros, Rosa, Sapindus, Madhuca, Manilkara, Mimusops, Palaquium, Sideroxylon, Excoecaria agallocha, Ricinus communis and Acacia auriculiformis.
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Other plants on San Benedicto are Aristolochia islandica, Cenchrus myosuroides, Eragrostis diversiflora, Erigeron crenatus, Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis and Teucrium townsendii.
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Austin, D.F. & Z. Huamán. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45(1): 3–38.McDonald, J. A. 1987.
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Ipomoea chrysocalyx is a vine in the family Convolvulaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
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Nitrogen removal from eutrophic water by floating-bed-grown water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) with ion implantation. Water research, 41(14), 3152-3158.
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Tipulamima sexualis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from Benin, Malawi and Nigeria. The larvae feed on Ipomoea species.
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Ipomoea alba, sometimes called the tropical white morning-glory or moonflower or moon vine, is a species of night-blooming morning glory, native to tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America, from Argentina to northern Mexico, FloridaAnd Bly and Puerto Rico. Though formerly classified as genus Calonyction, species aculeatum, it is now properly assigned to genus Ipomoea, subgenus Quamoclit, section Calonyction.
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At least nine other native plant species can be found in its habitat, including Hawaiian goosefoot (Chenopodium oahuense), lovegrass (Eragrostis variablis), koali awa (Ipomoea indica), goat's foot (Ipomoea pes- caprae subsp. brasiliensis), Panicum torridum, naupakas (Scaevola sericea), Sicyos pachycarpus, ilima (Sida fallax), and Nelson's horsenettle (Solanum nelsonii). Aerial view of Nihoa. In 1983, W. Gagné recorded 12 plants living on the island.
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Alternative nomenclatures include Ipomoea nil x imperialis, as in 'Cameo Elegance', or Ipomoea nil' 'Imperialis'. It is a frost tender annual in colder areas or if placed in shaded area in the garden, but can be kept as a perennial if it is well managed and placed in full sun during the winter.Ipomoea nil Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2020-08-17.
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Extracts of Ipomoea sepiaria leaves feature antimicrobial activity. The extract was tested on bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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The larvae feed on a range of agricultural plants like Ananas comosus, Ipomoea batatas, Medicago sativa and Poaceae species and are thus considered a pest.
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Revision of Ipomoea section Exogonium (Choisy) Griseb. (Convolvulaceae). Brenesia 28: 41–87.Forrest Shreve, Ira Loren Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert.
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Westphal, E. 1993. Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal Pp. 181- 184 in Plant Resources in South-East Asia. Number 8. Vegetables. Edited by J.S. Siemonsma & K. Piluek.
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Ipomoea purga resin can be dissolved in either alcohol or diethyl ether. The resin that is insoluble in ether is odorless while the resin insoluble in alcohol does have an odor and is typically a brownish color. The convolvulinolic acid (C28H52O14)that is produced in Ipomoea purga can be broken down into a sugar molecule (C6H12O6) and a form of crystallized convolvulinolic acid (C16H30O3) when diluted.
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Pelargonidin 3-glucoside. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (callistephin) can be found in strawberries. Acylated pelargonidin glycosides can be found in red-purple flowers of Ipomoea purpurea.
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Carranza, E. (2008). «Diversity of the Genus Ipomoea L. (CONVOLVULACEAE) in the State of Michoacán, Mexico». Flora of the Bajío and Adjacent Regions . Complementary Fascicle XXIII.
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Scammonin (also known as jalapin or scammonium) is a glycoside derived naturally from the stems of the Ipomoea purga (jalap plant) and from Convolvulus scammonia (scammony).
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Ipomoea arborescens has several names such as Palo Blanco, Palo Muerto, Palo Santo, Palo Bobo, Ozote, Casahuate Blanco, Palo Cabra, Sacred Morning Glory Tree, nd Convolvulus arborescens.
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The forewings range from yellowish gray to orangish with dark gray antemedial and postmedial lines, as well as a discal spot in a dark gray crescent. The hindwings have a similar color and have similar markings, but lack an antemedial line. Adults are on wing in summer in North America. The larvae feed on Polygonum, Ipomoea batatas, Ipomoea setifera, Merremia umbellata, Rivina humilis, Bougainvillea spectabilis and Boehmeria nivea.
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Ipomea × multifida is a hybridogenic species. Its ancestors are I. coccinea and I. quamoclit (the cypress vine). Its allotetraploid is Ipomoea sloteri. Both are known as cardinal climber.
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The wingspan is about 17 mm. The larvae feed on hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium), Calystegia sodanella, Japanese bindweed (Calystegia japonica), bindweed (Convolvulus species) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas).
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Ipomoea polymorpha is a morning glory species that was first described by Swiss botanist Johann Jacob Roemer and Austrian botanist Josef August Schultes. It is endemic to Australia.
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The species shares some features with the close relative Ipomoea purpurea.Miller, J.H., & Miller, K.V. (1999). Forest plants of the southeast and their wildlife uses. Champaign, IL: Kings Time Printing.
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Bucculatrix ruficoma is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in Uganda.Afro Moths It was described in 1931 by Edward Meyrick. The larvae feed on Ipomoea batatas.
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Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) of the type grown on Kohala. There is evidence of pre-modern agriculture on the leeward slopes of Kohala. From 1400 to 1800, the principal crop grown at Kohala was sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), although there is also evidence of yams (Dioscorea sp.), taro (Colocasia esculenta), bananas (Musa hybrids), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), and gourds of the family Cucurbitaceae. The optimal rainfall level for the sweet potato lies between per year.
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Ipomoea trifida is a species of Ipomoea morning glory also known as the threefork morning glory. It is native to the Caribbean, Mexico, and South America. I. trifida is known for being the closest living wild relative to I. batatas, or the common sweet potato, and is believed to have split from this relative at least 800,000 years ago. The roots of this plant are thin and inedible, while the flowers tend to be purple.
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Stigmella ipomoeella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is known from Sri Lanka. The larvae feed on Ipomoea species. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.
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It has a variety of hosts, such as eggplant (Solanum melongena), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), soybean (Glycine max), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus).
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When in powder form in order to ingest, the color is a pale grayish brown. Ipomoea purga is native to Mexico and it is naturalized in other parts of the neotropics.
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Picking Ipomoea aquatica. Bàu Đông primary pond. Xóm Rộc is a central hamlet of Mai Xa village in Quang Tri, Vietnam. Economic interests include water spinach, fishing and catching small clams.
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Ipomoea corymbosa is a species of morning glory, native throughout Latin America from Mexico as far south as Peru and widely naturalised elsewhere. Its common names include Christmasvine, Christmaspops, and snakeplant.
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Ipomoea purga is described as a vine that can reach heights of . When fresh, the root is black externally, white and milky within, and varies in size according to its age. It has heart shaped leaves and purple trumpet like flowers. Ipomoea purga is rather difficult to break down, but if triturated with cream of tartar, sugar of milk, or other hard salts, the process of pulverization is much easier, and the powder rendered much finer.
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Ipomoea tastensis is a species of plant in the bindweed family, Convolvulaceae. It is native to the Mexican state of Baja California Sur and are particularly abundant in the Sierra El Taste, where the white showy flowers make them a conspicuous part of the landscape. Ipomoea tastensis is a woody vine twining over other vegetation up to a height of 10 m (33 feet). Leaves are heart-shaped, pointed at the tip, up to 8 cm (3.2 inches) long.
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This kind of jalap, the purga de Sierra Gorda of the Mexicans, was traced by Daniel Hanbury to Ipomoea simulans. Ipomoea jalapa is yet another morning glory species from which jalap is obtained; it was first scientifically described (as Convolvulus jalapa) by Linnaeus. However, it is not of great commercial importance. As it also occurs in Veracruz, it was long confused with I. purga, even by such eminent botanists as David Don, Thomas Nuttall or C.J.W. Schiede.
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Ipomoea leptophylla The flowering season at Aiken Canyon ranges between the end of May and June. There are two main rare plant communities within the canyon region, such includes the Piñon pine group as well as Juniperus monosperma. At higher altitudes, the lands at the canyon are mainly consistent of pinyon-juniper woodlands and the lower escalations of the land consist of grasslands. Unexpected plants in the area include Ipomoea leptophylla (bush morning-glory) and Penstemon brandegeei (Brandegee’s Penstemon).
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Ipomoea triloba is a species of Ipomoea morning glory known by several common names, including littlebell and Aiea morning glory. It is native to the tropical Americas, but it is widespread in warm areas of the world, where it is an introduced species and often a noxious weed. This is a fast-growing, vining, annual herb producing long, thin stems with ivy-like, petioled, heart- shaped leaves long. The leaves sometimes, but not always, have three lobes.
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The summer brood of crystal skippers frequent morning glory (Ipomoea spp), especially in the morning. Non-native plants (also called exotic plants) that are a common source of nectar include Lantana species.
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Ipomoea pes-caprae is a prostrate perennial, often covering large areas; stems long-trailing often several metres in length, rooting at the nodes, glabrous. It has pink petals with a darker centre.
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Adults are on wing from May to September in the northern part of the range and from March to November in the south. The larvae feed on Digitaria ischaemum and Ipomoea sagittata.
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Ipomoea coccinea is a flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae known by several common names including red morning glory, redstar and (ambiguously) Mexican morning glory. It was first described by Linnaeus in 1753.
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The larvae feed on Ipomoea species. They mine the leaves of their host plant. Adults are on wing from mid-April to mid-July. Larvae found in Oregon in mid- to late June.
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The hindwings are off-white with black submarginal bands. The larvae feed on Ipomoea pes-carpae. They are speckled grey with yellow stripes outlined in black. The head is grey with black dots.
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The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including Medicago sativa, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rubus, Poa, Andropogon, Brassica oleracea, Trifolium, Zea mays, Solidago, Hordeum pusillum, Avena, Allium, Ipomoea batatas, Nicotiana and Solanum lycopersicum.
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Ipomoea batatas Étienne Denisse (1785 Carcassonne – 1861 Mourens) was a French botanical artist, lithographer, botanist and horticulturist. Mourens (Gironde, France), Registre d'état civil. Sépulture ou décès. 1853-1872. Archives départementales de la Gironde.
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Lantana camara infests the rainforest at Cape Hawke, particularly disturbed habitat. Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) and coast morning glory (Ipomoea cairica) are vines that grow over and smother native vegetation in the park.
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Otherwise known as Ololiuqui, belongs to a family of herbaceous ornamental plants with bell-shapes flowers. Different species of the family Convolvulaceae contain seeds with different alkaloids of the LSD family, which produce powerful hallucinogenic visions, even when only consuming small doses. Varieties of morning glory including Turbina corymbosa and Ipomoea volacea. The seeds of Turbina Corymbosa and Ipomoea volacea were consumed by the Maya and Aztec for their psychotropic effects on perception and emotions and to induce altered states.
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The driest parts of the arid and semi-arid areas hold dense or sparse vegetation of stunted thorny bushes and cacti. The areas where cacti columns are most common are called cardonales. Common bush species include Castela erecta, Prosopis juliflora, Parkinsonia praecox, Bourreria cumanensis, Pithecellobium dulce, Vachellia tortuosa, Acacia flexuosa, Stenocereus griseus, Opuntia caribea, Ipomoea carnea, Croton heliotropiifolius, Ipomoea carnea, Indigofera suffruticosa, Tephrosia senna, Aristida venezuelae, Calotropis procera and Capraria biflora. Common cacti include Acanthocereus tetragonus, Cereus hexagonus, Opuntia elatior and Pilosocereus lanuginosus.
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Ipomoea wrightii was named by Asa Gray in his Synoptical flora of North America after Charles Wright, an important collector of new species of wild plants in the Republic of Texas, basing his species on plant material collected by Wright. Gray mistakenly attributed the origin of the holotype specimen to "southern Texas", but it had actually been collected by Wright in Cuba. This holotype has always been kept in Germany. In Africa the plant was known as Convolvulus heptaphyllus until 1961, when Bernard Verdcourt moved the taxon to a new combination, Ipomoea tenuipes, instead of I. heptaphylla, because he believed the name I. heptaphylla was already occupied; in fact the name was indeed occupied, Robert Sweet had already moved Convolvulus heptaphyllus to Ipomoea heptaphylla in 1830, citing the Flora Indica.
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Bedellia yasumatsui is a moth in the Bedelliidae family. It is known from Australia and Papua New Guinea. The larvae have been recorded on Ipomoea species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
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Ipomoea coccinea is native to tropical America and have been introduced in much of the US. They can be found in disturbed areas along roads, stream banks, fence rows, old fields and other waste areas.
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The plant was first described in 1882, when it was given the name Convolvulus oenotherae by Georg Carl Wilhelm Vatke. Johannes Gottfried Hallier subsequently classified the species as belonging to the genus Ipomoea in 1894.
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Schinia simplex is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the western Great Plains from North Dakota to New Mexico. The wingspan is about 30 mm. Larvae have been recorded on Ipomoea leptophylla.
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The frass is partly ejected from the mine and partly deposited inside. Although next to the food plant, Ipomoea santillanii also occurred, no leaf mines were found on that plant. Adults have been collected in May.
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Adults have been recorded on wing from March to October in the United States. The larvae feed on Turbina corymbosa, Merremia umbellata and Ipomoea species.Bendicho-Lopez, Aurora (1998). "New Distributional and Foodplant Records for Twenty Cuban Moths".
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Antioxidant properties of the Methanolic extract of Ipomoea reniformis. SD Sanja, NR Sheth, G Parmar and DK Golwala. International Journal of Pharmacology & Biological Sciences (ISSN 0973-6808), Jalgaon, India. 2009: Volume 3, Issue 3, page: 85-93.
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Trichophassus is a monotypic moth genus of the family Hepialidae. The only described species is Trichophassus giganteus which is endemic to Brazil. The larva of this species has been recorded feeding on Adenocalymma, Eucalyptus, Ipomoea and Solanum.
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Ipomoea hederacea has been studied as a target of character displacement. When it co-occurs with Ipomoea purpurea, natural selection favors individuals of I. hederacea with anthers that are more tightly clustered around the stigma. This is to presumably reduce pollinations of I. hederacea by I. purpurea, which, should they occur, results in sterile seeds, wasting valuable resources of the parent plant and reducing fitness. This fitness reduction is not reciprocal, however, as I. hederacea pollen does not germinate on I. purpurea stigmas, thus giving the latter species a potential advantage competitively.
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Ipomoea purpurea in Loganville, Georgia Morning glory was first known in China for its medicinal uses, due to the laxative properties of its seeds. Ancient Mesoamerican civilizations used the morning glory species Ipomoea alba to convert the latex from the Castilla elastica tree and also the guayule plant to produce bouncing rubber balls. The sulfur in the morning glory's juice served to vulcanize the rubber, a process predating Charles Goodyear's discovery by at least 3,000 years. Aztec priests in Mexico were also known to use the plant's hallucinogenic properties (see Rivea corymbosa).
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Ipomoea aquatica water spinach The Nanfangcao mu zhuang entry for yongcai (蕹葉 "Ipomoea aquatica; Chinese spinach; water spinach; swamp cabbage") is the first record of both this vegetable and of floating gardens. Chinese spinach is a semi-aquatic tropical plant grown, either in water or on wet ground, as a vegetable for its tender shoots and leaves. In southern China it is a very common and popular vegetable, and often escapes from cultivation (Li 1979: 71). > The Yung has leaves resembling the Lo-k'uei 落葵 but smaller in size.
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Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae, or white rust, is an oomycete plant pathogen, although many discussions still treat it as a fungal organism. It causes leaf and stem lesions on various Ipomoea species, including cultivated morning glories and their relatives.
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Nemognatha chrysomeloides is a parasite of Melitoma marginella and M. segmentaria from Mexico to Argentina. Both N. chrysomeloides and Melitoma are restricted to the same host plant – Ipomoea – and so the rate of parasitism may be comparatively high.
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Ipomoea arborescens, the tree morning glory, is a flowering plant coming from the family Convolvulaceae. It grows fast and produces semi succulent stems. This tropical plant is mostly found in Mexico. It flowers in late autumn and winter.
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Tabidia aculealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found in Indonesia (Sula Islands, Java) and Sri Lanka. The larvae feed on the leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas).
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In Ipomoea tricolor 'Heavenly Blue', the colour of the flower changes during blossom according to an increase in vacuolar pH. This shift, from red to blue, is induced by chemical modifications affecting the anthocyanin molecules present in the petals.
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Cycloclavine is an ergot alkaloid. It was first isolated in 1969 from seeds of Ipomoea hildebrandtii vatke. The first total synthesis of (±)-cycloclavine was published in 2008 by Szántay. Further reports came from Wipf and Petronijevic, Cao and Brewer.
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This species reaches about in length. Larvae have a gregarious habit and feed on Ipomoea species, with potentially dangerous impact on crops.Oudhia, P. and Ganguli, J. (1999). Outbreak of Tortoise beetle Aspidomorpha miliaris F. (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) in Chhattisgarh plains.
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Hypercompe eridanus is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Pieter Cramer in 1775. It is found in Colombia, Suriname and French Guiana. Larvae have been recorded feeding on Cissus, Citrus, Erythrina, Ipomoea, Musa, Panicum and Vanilla species.
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There may be a fungal origin of the ergoline alkaloids also in the Convolvulaceae. Like the ergot alkaloids in some monocot plants, the ergoline alkaloids found in the plant Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) are produced by a seed-transmitted endophytic clavicipitaceous fungus.
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Bedellia minor, the Florida morning-glory leafminer moth, is a moth in the family Bedelliidae. It is found in Florida in the United Statesmothphotographersgroup and on Cuba. The larvae feed on Ipomoea species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
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The reduced (Cu(I)-Cu(I)) and native (Cu(II)-Cu(II)) catechol oxidase di-copper active site from the Ipomoea batata crystal structure (PDB: 1BT1, 1BT2). The crystal structure of catechol oxidase purified from Ipomoea batatas has been resolved in its active form in both the oxidized Cu(II)-Cu(II) state and the reduced Cu(I)-Cu(I) state. It is a globular, single domain monomeric enzyme that is approximately 55 by 45 by 45 Å in size and ellipsoid in shape. A four α-helix bundle comprises the enzyme core, which girds the active site containing the dicopper center.
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Hycleus sp. (Meloidae) feeding on the petals of Ipomoea carnea Beetles are able to exploit a wide diversity of food sources available in their many habitats. Some are omnivores, eating both plants and animals. Other beetles are highly specialized in their diet.
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Ipomoea amnicola is a species of plant in the bindweed family, Convolvulaceae. It is commonly called redcenter morning-glory. It is found in Mexico, much of South America and has been successfully introduced in the US states of Arkansas, Missouri and Texas.
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Ipomoea purga was discovered by Spanish conquistadores while settling among Mexican native peoples. It was introduced to Europe in 1565 as a medical herb used to treat an array of illnesses up until the 19th century when better medical practices had been discovered.
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The length of the forewings is 6–7 mm. Adults emerge from April to October in Japan. The larvae feed on Oxalis species (including Oxalis corniculata), Ipomoea batatas and Vitaceae (Vitis indica). They feed on the leaf and pod of the host plant.
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2–19Dewick, p. 357 LSD blotters Since ancient times, plants containing indole alkaloids have been used as psychedelic drugs. The Aztecs used and the Mazatec people continue to use psilocybin mushrooms and the psychoactive seeds of morning glory species like Ipomoea tricolor.Dewick, p.
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The larvae feed on Ipomoea neei. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as an irregular gallery, later widening and branching. The larva constructs a silken gallery at the beginning of the mine from where most of the frass is rejected.
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Udea monticolens is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1882. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu and Hawaii. Note: This source does not use the name Udea monticolens. The larvae feed on Ipomoea bona-nox.
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Experiments conducted in the field have yielded mixed results. Some studies have demonstrated that bumblebees prefer the relatively common corolla color,Epperson, BK and MT Clegg. 1987. Frequency-dependent variation for outcrossing rate among flower- color morphs of Ipomoea purpurea. Evolution, 41: 1302-1311.
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The wingspan is . The forewings are light brown with a dark brown straight postmedial line, bordered distally by white. The hindwings are white with a yellow or brown terminal line. The larvae feed on various plants in the family Convolvulaceae, including Ipomoea and Convolvulus species.
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Victodrobia millerae is a species of very small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Hydrobiidae. This species is endemic to Australia and northern Antarctica. Their diet consists primarily of Ipomoea aquatica, lichen and other sub-tropical freshwater plants.
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Eyralpenus scioana is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Charles Oberthür in 1880. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The larvae feed on Ipomoea species.
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The larvae feed on Ipomoea neei. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The larva makes an irregular blotch mine that is often changed for a new one. Between the two leaf mines the larva creates a path of silk to travel between these mines.
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While several other plants in the family Convolvulaceae, such as Rivea corymbosa (ololiuhqui) and Ipomoea tricolor (tlitliltzin), were used in shamanic rituals of Latin America for centuries, A. nervosa was not traditionally used for this purpose. Its properties were first brought to attention in the 1960s.
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"Distribution of Lucidophyll Oak-Laurel Forest Formation in Asia and Other Areas". Tropics Vol. 5 (1/2): 1:40, December 1995. Coastal and swamp plant communities include plants characteristic of the tropical Pacific, including Ipomoea pes-caprae, Spinifex littoreus, Thespesia populnea, Terminalia catappa, and Macaranga tanarius.
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Aquatic vegetation has species of Chara, Spirogyra, Hydrilla, Potamogeton and Vallisneria. Surrounding areas grow Argemone mexicana and Ipomoea carnea. Around 37 species of flora have been reported in the vicinity of reservoir. Seasonal farming (gal pera) is carried out on the exposed land when the waterline recedes.
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Bedellia orchilella, the Hawaiian sweet potato leaf miner, is a moth of the family Bedelliidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui and Hawaii. The larvae feed on Ipomoea species, including I. tuberculata.
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Adults are bright yellow with dark brown zig-zag lines across the wings. The larvae feed on Ipomoea batatas. Older larvae create a shelter in a folded leaf of their host plant which is closed with silk. The larvae are green with black marks on the thorax.
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Cooperation exists not only in animals but also in plants. In a greenhouse experiment with Ipomoea hederacea, a climbing plant, results show that kin groups have higher efficiency rates in growth than non-kin groups do. This is expected to rise out of reduced competition within the kin groups.
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World aquaculture production of food fish and aquatic plants, 1990–2016 Some aquatic plants are used by humans as a food source. Examples include wild rice (Zizania), water caltrop (Trapa natans), Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis), Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), and watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum).
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There are two interrupted black antemedian bands and two discal series of black chevrons as well as a series of black postdiscal spots. There are no rusty brown scales on the forewing underside. Adults are on wing in July. The larvae have been recorded feeding on Ipomoea stans.
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Las Estacas has a great variety of flora and some of this are protected species such as cuachalate (Amphipterygium adstringens), cazahuate (Ipomoea wolcottiana), tepemezquite (Lysiloma divaricatum), pochote (Ceiba aesculifolia), pata de cabra (Wimmeria persicifolia, Bursera ariensis, Lysiloma tergemina), cuajiote amarillo (Bursera áptera), copal (B. copallifera) and cuajiote rojo (B. schlechtendalii).
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In cultivation, most are treated as perennial plants in frost- free areas and as annual plants in colder climates, but some species tolerate winter cold. There are some species which are strictly annual (e.g. Ipomoea nil), producing many seeds, and some perennial species (e.g. I. indica) which are propagated by cuttings.
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The larvae feed on Ipomoea batatas and other Convolvulaceae species. They bore into the main stem and sometimes penetrate the storage roots. The larvae create large tunnels causing hollow cavities in the stem. Infested plants usually have a pile of frass that can be found close to the attacked stem.
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The larvae feed on Ipomoea species. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a clear, irregular blotch with short silk-lined galleries inside, in which the larva retreats when disturbed. Pupation takes place outside of the mine in an inconspicuous, matted, flat cocoon.
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Hydriris ornatalis, the ornate hydriris, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It has a wide distribution and is known from southern Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and North America, where it is restricted to Florida. The wingspan is about 16 mm. The larvae feed on Convolvulaceae species, including Ipomoea aquatica.
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Adults are on wing year round. There is a high degree of variation in forewing pattern in this species. The larvae feed on Acacia koa, Cyrtandra, Freycinetia, guava, Ipomoea, Lantana, Pipturus and Ricinus. The brownish larvae, protected by a silken web or tunnel, bore in the dead twigs of many plants.
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Plants with fleshy underground parts were probably first used as food. Onions (Allium cepa) were cultivated in Ancient Egypt. In South America, the potato (Solanum tuberosum), oca (Oxalis tuberosa) and the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) were cultivated for thousands of years. Other parts of bulbous plants were also used in cooking.
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The flora of the region is predominantly tropical. Common vegetation in the region include Launaea, Ipomoea, Portulaca, Hydrocotyle, Spinifex, Lippia, Moniera, Cynodon, Digitaria, Cyperus etc. Mangrove formations are also common. Though much of the city is urbanised, the city retains an ecologically sensitive area right at its centre -- the Mangalavanam.
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Ipomoea arborescens is found from Sonora and Chihuahua south to Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico. It grows at elevations of 50 to 2200m, and usually flowers and fruits between November and April.Mason, C.T., Mason, P. B. (1987) A Handbook of Mexican Roadside Flora. The University of Arizona Press/Tucson. p. 145.
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A plant in the morning glory family, Operculina turpethum (syn. Ipomoea turpethum) is known commonly as turpeth, fue vao, and St. Thomas lidpod. It is perennial herbaceous, hairy vines growing 4 to 5 meter in length, endemic to India. It is commonly found in North Circars and Deccan region up to 3000 ft.
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The warm- water extract deters the adult female from ovipositing. Other botanical biological pest control agents tested include nishinda (Vitex negundo), Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus), bankalmi (Ipomoea sepiaria), neem (Azadirachta indica), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), sesame (Sesamum indicum), and gum arabic (Acacia nilotica syn. Acacia arabica).Rahman, A. and F. A. Talukder. (2006).
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The distribution of Ipomoea oenotherae has been described as ranging "from Ethiopia and Somalia southwards to Namibia, Botswana and the Northern Province, North-West and Gauteng in South Africa". It is described as "not gregarious", meaning that it grows in open rather than dense clusters. Furthermore, it is described as "nowhere common".
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Hahncappsia mancalis is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Julius Lederer in 1863. It is found from Maryland to Illinois, south to Florida, Texas and Arizona and further south to Mexico and Costa Rica. The wingspan is about 18 mm. The larvae feed on Amaranthus retroflexus, Mentha, Ipomoea, Nicotiana and Rumex.
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Ergonovine (ergometrine) Humans use Ipomoea for their content of medical and psychoactive compounds, mainly alkaloids. Some species are renowned for their properties in folk medicine and herbalism; for example Vera Cruz jalap (I. jalapa) and Tampico jalap (I. simulans) are used to produce jalap, a cathartic preparation accelerating the passage of stool.
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Ipomovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Potyviridae. There are currently seven species in this genus including the type species Sweet potato mild mottle virus. They infect plants and are transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). The name of the genus is derived from Ipomoea - the generic name of sweet potato.
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It is nocturnal. It feeds on the nectar from deep-throated flowers including moonflower (Calonyction aculeatum), morning glories (Convolvulus species), and petunias (Petunia species). The larva is a large, stout caterpillar with a horn. It feeds during the day and the night on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Datura species, and other plants.
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Ololiuqui (Coatl xoxouhqui) was identified as Rivea corymbosa in 1941 by Richard Evans Schultes. The name Ololiuqui refers to the brown seeds of the Rivea corymbosa (Morning Glory) plant. Tlitliltzin was identified later as being Ipomoea violacea by R. Gordon Wasson. This variation contains black seeds and usually has bluish hued flowers.
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A sweet potato plant in bloom at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology botanical garden. Edible sweet potato roots photographed in Karlsruhe, Germany. This list of sweet potato cultivars provides some information about varieties and cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Sweet potato was first domesticated in the Americas more than 5,000 years ago.
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Cyrtonota sexpustulata can reach a length of . Body is dark bluish or black with six orange-red spots on the elytrae.Lukáš SEKERKA & Maxwell V. L. BARCLAY Fabrician types of Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) deposited in the Natural History Museum, London ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE The main host plant is Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae).
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In subsistence farming, sweet potatoes are commonly left in the ground and eaten or sold directly following harvest; this is called piece-meal or sequential harvesting.Karuri, E.G. and Hagenimana, V. (1995). Use of ambient conditions and sawdust in storage of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) roots in Kenya. Zimbabwe Journal of Agricultural Research.
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Some of these organisms are found only on beaches. Examples of these beach organisms in the southeast US include plants like sea oats, sea rocket, beach elder, beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes- caprae), and beach peanut, and animals such as mole crabs (Hippoidea), coquina clams (Donax), ghost crabs, and white beach tiger beetles.
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Ipomoea aquatica, known as water spinach, water morning glory, water convolvulus, ong-choy, kang-kung, or swamp cabbage, is popularly used as a green vegetable, especially in East and Southeast Asian cuisines. In the USA Ipomoea aquatica is a federal noxious weed, and can be illegal to grow, import, possess, or sell without a permit. However, a market exists for the plant's powerful culinary potential.USDA weed factsheet As of 2005, the state of Texas has acknowledged that water spinach is a highly prized vegetable in many cultures, and has allowed water spinach to be grown for personal consumption, in part because it is known to have been grown in Texas for more than 15 years and has not yet escaped cultivation.
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The seeds of many species of morning glory contain ergoline alkaloids such as the psychedelic ergonovine and ergine (LSA). Seeds of Ipomoea tricolor and Turbina corymbosa (syn. R. corymbosa) are used as psychedelics. The seeds of morning glory can produce a similar effect to LSD when taken in large doses, often numbering into the hundreds.
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Later some frass is heaped in the branches of the mine. The larva change mines and the second mines are irregular blotch mines, occupying a considerable part of the leaf. Pupation takes place inside the mine. Although Ipomoea santillanii also occurred next to the food plant the mines were not found on this plant.
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The forewing ground colour is ochreous with white markings. The hindwings are pale grey with slight bronze shading and shine and with a long fringe of the same shading as the hindwing. Adults are on wing in mid- August.Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) The larvae feed on Ipomoea bracteata.
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Crops, especially sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), have been cultivated on the Leeward side of the volcano for centuries. The northern part of the island is named after the mountain, with two districts named North and South Kohala. King Kamehameha I, the first King of the Kingdom of Hawaii, was born in North Kohala, near Hawi.
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Udea despecta, the Hawaiian sweetpotato leafroller, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai and Hawaii. The larvae feed on Adenostomma viscosus, Bidens species (including Bidens cosmoides), Ipomoea species, Lipochaeta calycosa and sweet potato. They roll the leaves of their host plant.
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Traditionally, dessert banana plants and local wild beach flora such as Scaevola taccada and Ipomoea pes-caprae were used as humidity-supplying green undergrowth for coconut trees, mixed with sea almond and sea hibiscus. Due to growing sedentary lifestyles and heavy-handed landscaping, a decline in these traditional farming and soil-fixing techniques has occurred.
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The sweet potato or sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens. The sweet potato is not closely related to the common potato (Solanum tuberosum).
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Elsinoë batatas is a species of fungus in the Elsinoaceae family. It is a plant pathogen that affects members of the genus Ipomoea, including the sweet potato. The species was originally described in 1931 as a species of Sphaceloma, and in 1943 was transferred to Elsinoë by Ahmés Pinto Viégas and Anna Eliza Jenkins.
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The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a member of the family Convolvulaceae, and in Nigeria, the larvae of the white plume moth feed on the plant. The moth is considered a pest species along with the sweet potato butterfly (Acraea acerata), leaf folders (Brachmia and Helcystogramma spp.), and sweet potato army worms (Spodoptera spp.).
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It is now present on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui and Hawaii. Larvae have been recorded on Commelina, Ipomoea, Syzygium, Portulaca, Nicotiana, Camellia and unspecified Gramineae and Leguminosae species. The first instar larvae are about 2 mm long and blackish with prominent setae, they move in semi-Looper fashion. The second instar is mottled reddish green.
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Ipomoea aquatica grows in water or on moist soil. Its stems are or longer, rooting at the nodes, and they are hollow and can float. The leaves vary from typically sagittate (arrow head-shaped) to lanceolate, long and broad. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, in diameter, and usually white in colour with a mauve centre.
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Larvae feed on plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae, especially native aiea (Nothocestrum spp.), but also non-native tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tree tobacco (N. glauca), jimson weed (Datura stramonium), and eggplant (Solanum melongena). The adult feeds on nectar from native plants such as koali awa (Ipomoea indica) and maiapilo (Capparis sandwichiana).
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The reservoir supports both submergent and emergent types of vegetation. The plant species of Typha, Ipomoea and Acacia cover the periphery of the waterline, while agricultural fields surround the reservoir and the river. Average temperature of the region is in the range of 15 °C to 42 °C. Average rainfall of the region is 915 mm.
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Flora: The sanctuary is a freshwater ecosystem. The plant species of Typha, Ipomoea and Acacia cover the periphery of the waterline, while agricultural fields surround the reservoir and the river. Some of the major plant species found are Ipomea, Babool, Prosopis, Vallisneria, Eichhornia, Reeds. Fauna: The sanctuary is a riverine habitat supporting mugger crocodile and fresh water turtles.
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Ipomoea oenotherae is a perennial succulent plant. It forms a fleshy, elongated tuberous rootstock, 30 cm in length, from which leaves grow every spring. These are followed by extended, prostrate or ascending stems which are up to 30 cm long. The young stems are angular and initially densely covered with silver white hairs (pilose); these later become hairless.
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The hindwings are bright pink with a black spot near the base, some irregular black mottling near the costa and a black submarginal band. The marginal area is pinkish brown. The larvae mainly feed on Vitis and Parthenocissus species, but have also been recorded on Richardsonia, Daucus, Rumex, Polygonum, Impatiens, Cissus, Ipomoea, Spathodea, Fuchsia and various Rubiaceae species.
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Micralarctia punctulatum is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Hans Daniel Johan Wallengren in 1860. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Gambia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The larvae have been recorded feeding on Ipomoea batates.
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S. littoralis is reported to be polyphagous. Few of the economically important crops that are damaged by S. littoralis include Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Zea mays (corn), Triticum aestivum (wheat), etc. Some of the other plants/crops that are also damaged by this species include Capsicum (peppers), Chloris gayana (rhodes grass), Hibiscus mutabilis (cottonrose), etc.
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The characteristic vegetation is deciduous thorn forest and woodland ("selva espinosa"), with areas of thorn scrub. Characteristic trees include the boat-thorn acacia (Acacia cochliacantha), tree catclaw (Acacia occidentalis, torote prieto (Bursera fragilis), and palo santo (Ipomoea arborescens). Cacti are common, including organ pipe cactus (Stenocereus thurberi), jumping cholla (Cylindropuntia fulgida) and barrel cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni).
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The Mexican sheartail feeds on nectar from flowers and has been seen visiting Ipomoea, Justicia and Helicteres guazumaefolia. It also sometimes consumes small arthropods. In Veracruz, breeding takes place from May onwards and in Yucatán, between August and April. The tiny cup-shaped nest is made of lichens, spiders webs and the seeds of daisy family plants.
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The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a very important crop for subsistence farmers in Africa and other developing countries.Ewell, P. 1993. Sweetpotato in Africa : Research priorities to stimulate increased marketing. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Methods for Agricultural Marketing Research, 16–20 March 1993, IARI Campus, New Delhi, IndiaBashaasha, B., Mwanga, R.O.M., and Ocitti p’Obwoya, C.N. 1993.
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The Clarión wren (Troglodytes tanneri) is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Clarión Island off Pacific Mexico. It looks much like a house wren but is larger with a prominently longer bill, somewhat approaching the Carolina wren in form. Its natural habitats are the less arid patches of shrubland, notably thickets of Ipomoea halierca morning glory.
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Ipomoea costata, commonly known as rock morning glory, is an Australian native plant. It is found in northern Australia, from Western Australia, through the Northern Territory, to Queensland. It is the source of bush potato, a bush tucker food for Aboriginal people. Bush potatoes are cooked in the hot earth beside the fire, and potato is still eaten in the desert today.
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Laysan honeycreepers fed on nectar from the native flowers on the island, especially maiapilo (Capparis sandwichiana). When populations of that species declined, it was forced to feed on nectar from ākulikuli (Sesuvium portulacastrum) and ihi (Portulaca lutea). It was observed visiting koali awa (Ipomoea indica), pōhuehue (I. pes-caprae brasiliensis), and nohu (Tribulus cistoides), and would also feed on caterpillars and moths.
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Hypercompe icasia is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Pieter Cramer in 1777. It is widely distributed in South America and is also found on Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Dominica, St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Thomas and Puerto Rico. Larvae have been recorded feeding on Apium, Cecropia, Cissus, Citrus, Erechtites, Erythrina, Ipomoea, Musa, Phaseolus, Psidium, Solanum, Vanilla species.
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Euchromia lethe is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, São Tomé and Principe, the Gambia and Uganda. The larvae feed on Ipomoea batatas.
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Ubi, Tugi, Gabi and a local root crop which the Spanish called Kamoti (apparently not the same as the sweet potato, sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas) were farmed in swiddens, while "Laksa" and "Nami" grew wild. Sweet potatoes (now called Camote) were later introduced by the Spanish. Millet was common enough that the Tagalogs had a word which meant "milletlike": "dawa-dawa".
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Mazatec tradition includes the cultivation of entheogens for spiritual and ritualistic use. Plants and fungi used for this purpose include psilocybin mushrooms, psychoactive morning glory seeds (from species such as Ipomoea tricolor and Turbina corymbosa), and perhaps most significant to the Mazatecs, Salvia divinorum.Jean Basset Johnson (1939) The elements of Mazatec witchcraft, Etnologiska Studier 9:128-150.Valdés et al.
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Ubi, Tugi, Gabi and a local root crop which the Spanish called Kamoti (apparently not the same as the sweet potato, sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas) were farmed in swiddens, while "Laksa" and "Nami" grew wild. Sweet potatoes (now called Camote) were later introduced by the Spanish. Millet was common enough that the Tagalogs had a word which meant "milletlike": "dawa-dawa".
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The hindwings are dirty white in males and dark grey in females. Adults are on wing from April to September in the south and from June to August in the north. There is one generation per year in the north. The larvae feed on the leaves of various woody plants, including Fagus, Betula, Ulmus, Acer, Ipomoea, Quercus, Hamamelis, and Rosa species.
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It has been recorded in North America, from Mississippi north to Michigan and Illinois. The wingspan is 140–160 mm. There are at least three generations in the tropics, with adults on wing from December to January, May to June (or July in Jamaica) and October. The larvae have been recorded on Annonaceae and Piperaceae species as well as Ipomoea batatas.
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They have crops in their territory, along their routes. They traditionally cultivate for food, tubers such as sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), taros (Xanthosoma violaceum, Colocasia sp.), yams (Dioscorea sp.), and manioc (Manihot esculenta). Also peach palms (Bactris gasipaes), pineapple (Ananas comosus), chili pepper (Capsicum chinense), and several fruit trees. In all the gardens there are bananas (Musa paradisiaca) and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum).
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Subramaniam was born in 1966. She grew up in India and received a baccalaureate degree from Stella Maris College at the University of Madras. She then attended Duke University, where she studied evolutionary plant biology, receiving a Ph.D. in evolutionary genetics. Her Ph.D. thesis was Maintenance of the Flower Color Polymorphism at the W Locus in the Common Morning Glory, Ipomoea purpurea (1994).
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The Ipomoea alba was crushed and, in liquid form, mixed in a container with the latex. When this mixture solidifies, it forms a white mass and can be used to form balls. There were probably two techniques used for making the balls. The first was to spread the rubber on a flat surface, let it dry and cut it into small strips.
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Ipomoea hederacea, the ivy-leaved morning glory, is a flowering plant in the bindweed family. The species is native to tropical parts of the Americas, and has more recently been introduced to North America. It now occurs there from Arizona to Florida and north to Ontario and North Dakota. Like most members of the family, it is a climbing vine with alternate leaves on twining stems.
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The morning glories are little used by white-tailed deer. The large seeds are taken infrequently by northern bobwhite and seed- eating songbirds. Flowers are used by some of the larger butterflies such as swallowtails and fritillaries and the ruby-throated hummingbird. Most of the pollinations of Ipomoea hederacea are achieved by self-pollination, with a selfing rate of 93% observed in one population.
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Foraging workers often visit Pisonia flowers and will feed on the nectar. Other flowers they will visit include Canavalia, Commicarpus, Ipomoea, Melanthera, Plumbago and Scaevola. Ochetellus flavipes regularly attends the mealybug Prorsococcus acanthodus and protects it by building shelters. They also attend a number of butterfly larvae, including Anthene lycaenoides (Pale Ciliate Blue), Ogyris amaryllis (Satin Azure), Ogyris olane (Olane Azure) and Ogyris oroetes (Silky Azure).
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Archips ingentanus is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Heilongjiang), Korea, Japan and Russia (Ussuri, Amur, Sakhalin, Primorye, Kuril Islands). The wingspan is 19–26 mm for males and 25–34 mm for females.Japanese Moths The larvae feed on Abies firma, Abies nephrolepis, Camellia, Malus pumila, Pyrus, Quercus, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Ipomoea aquatica, Petasites, Urtica, Plantago asiatica and Lilium species.
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Aspidimorpha sanctaecrucis can reach a length of about 14 mm. This beetle shows a golden reflection in the discs of the elytra and prothorax, and a characteristic pattern with well developed posterolateral and humeral spots on the explanate elytral margin. It is active in the rainy season, with diapause in winter and summer. Both adults and larvae feed on Convolvulaceae, mainly on Ipomoea species.
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The larvae feed on Amaranthus, Croton, Celosia, Digera, Helianthus, Chenopodium, Spinacia, Ipomoea, Ricinus, Arachis, Crotalaria, Medicago, Phaseolus, Hibiscus, Cardiospermum, Solanum, Corchorus and Parasponia species. It is an irregular minor pest worldwide of mung beans (Vigna radiata), black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiclata), lucerne (Medicago sativa) and soy beans (Glycine max). Their prevalence may be under reported due to the resemblance of the caterpillar with those of Chrysoieixis species.
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The larvae feed on decaying vegetable matter. The larvae have been found beneath dead leaf sheaths of sugarcane, in fibrous material at the bases of palm fronds, in old Ipomoea capsules and in dead twigs and sticks of Araucaria, Lantana and Ricinus species. Full-grown larvae are about 20 mm long. The pupa is formed in a slight cocoon of white silk where the larva has lived.
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Alpenus investigatorum is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Ferdinand Karsch in 1898. It is found in Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, Angola and Ghana. The larvae feed on Begonia, Carica papaya, Commelina, Aster, Bidens pilosa, Cosmos, Dahlia, Galinsoga parviflora, Zinnia, Ipomoea batatas, Brassica oleracea, Ricinus, Zea mays, Gossypium, Morus, Boerhavia, Arachis hypogaea, Russelia juncea and Nicotiana tabacum.
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The lagoon is very shallow, mostly under deep, but in some places reaches . There are extensive areas of seagrass meadows, with shrimps and various species of fish. Plants growing on the shore include the coconut palm, doub palm, Ipomoea pes-caprae, and Calotropis gigantea, Azadirachta indica, Cynodon dactylon and Argemone mexicana. The lagoon is visited by large numbers of migratory water birds during the winter.
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Annual world production of ergot alkaloids has been estimated at 5,000–8,000 kg of all ergopeptines and 10,000–15,000 kg of lysergic acid, used primarily in the manufacture of semi- synthetic derivatives. Others, such as Lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as LSD, a fully synthetic derivative, and ergine, an natural derivative found in Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor and related species, are known psychedelic substances.
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Those formerly separated in Calonyction (Greek "good" and , , , "night") are called moonflowers. The generic name Ipomoea is derived from the Greek , (, ), meaning "woodworm", and (), meaning "resembling." It refers to their twining habit. The genus occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises annual and perennial herbaceous plants, lianas, shrubs and small trees; most of the species are twining climbing plants.
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In the Indigenous system of Medicine, Ipomoea reniformis chois is also known as Merremia emarginata (Burm.f.) Hallier f. has been claimed to be useful for cough, headache, neuralgia, rheumatism, diuretic, inflammation, fever due to enlargement of liver and also in kidney diseases. The tribal people use this plant for deobstruent, diuretic, rheumatism, neuralgia, cancerous wounds, migraine, purgative, snake bites, ulcer, abscesses and glandular swelling.
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Celaenorrhinus galenus, the common orange sprite, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, from Cameroon to Ethiopia and to Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.Afrotropical Butterflies: Hesperiidae - Subfamily Pyrginae The habitat consists of forests. Adults of both sexes feed from flowers growing low down along forest paths, including those of Ipomoea palmata.
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This moth is very attracted to light, so it is often killed by cars on highways. Its caterpillars eat the leaves of the Convolvulus, hence its Latin name "convolvuli". Other recorded food plants include a wide range of plants in the families Araceae, Convolvulaceae, Leguminosae and Malvaceae. It can be a pest of cultivated Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato or kūmara) in New Zealand and the Pacific.
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The endangered green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nests on the beaches of Caroline Island, but there have been reports of poaching by recent homesteaders. The bristle-thighed curlew (Numenius tahitiensis), a migrant visitor from Alaska, is also classified as vulnerable. Around twenty non-native species of flora have been introduced to Caroline Island via human contact. Among these are the vine Ipomoea violacea, which has begun to proliferate.
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Ipomoea aquatica is a semi-aquatic, tropical plant grown as a vegetable for its tender shoots and it is not known where it originated. This plant is known in English as water spinach, river spinach, water morning glory, water convolvulus, or by the more ambiguous names Chinese spinach, Chinese watercress, Chinese convolvulus or swamp cabbage, or kangkong in Southeast Asia and ong choy in Cantonese.
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Pteroteinon laufella, the blue red-eye, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in north-eastern Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, northern Angola and the central part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Afrotropical Butterflies: Hesperiidae - Subfamily Hesperiinae The habitat consists of forests. 200px Adults may spend the night inside the blossoms of Ipomoea species.
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Several pairs of the bird may forage in close proximity on a single waterbody. Large flocks form in winter and a flock of nearly 6000 was recorded at Chilka lake. This species feeds mainly at the surface of the water. Stomach analysis showed that they fed on small fishes Puntius, Mystus, Oryzias, molluscs, crustaceans, insect larvae as well as plant matter from species such as Ipomoea, Hydrilla and Ruppia.
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The island's plants are mostly Barringtonia asiatica, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Heliotropium foertherianum, and some kinds of bush and grass which grow poorly due to the harsh climate. Spratly Island is home to some birds and has guano deposits. Islanders try to cultivate banana, papaya, chili pepper and a variety of vegetables and herbs. There are also hundreds of dogs and much poultry such as chickens, ducks and geese.
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The insect feeds on Leguminosae and Convolvulaceae]plants. In addition to the sweet potato from which it derives its common name, it frequents other plants of the genus Ipomoea, as well as catjang, Clitoria ternatea and the common bean. Since the removal of juice from the stem in the insect's feeding causes the plant to wither and disrupts its production of fruit, P. grossipes is regarded as a pest.
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Weeds that have invaded nearby rainforest include madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia), cat's claw (Macfadyena unguis-cati), moonflower (Ipomoea alba) and lantana (Lantana camara), although the rainforest on the island itself has been little affected to date. 47 species of bird, 6 species of lizard, 3 species of snakes and 3 species of frogs have been recorded on Stotts Island Nature Reserve. Mammal species and populations are poorly known.
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Alpenus maculosus is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Caspar Stoll in 1781. It is found along the Gold Coast and in Lagos, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Angola, Cameroon, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Uganda, eastern Africa and Zimbabwe. The larvae feed on Commelina, Aster, Bidens pilosa, Senecio abyssinicus, Ipomoea, Zea mays, Arachis hypogaea, Phaseolus, Pseudarthria, Voandzeia subterranea, Gossypium and Theobroma cacao.
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Sweet potato cultivars with white or pale yellow flesh are less sweet and moist than those with red, pink or orange flesh. Ipomoea batatas is native to the tropical regions in the Americas. Of the approximately 50 genera and more than 1,000 species of Convolvulaceae, I. batatas is the only crop plant of major importance—some others are used locally (e.g., I. aquatica "kangkong"), but many are poisonous.
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Cf. Chapter 4: "Sudden Death in the New World" about the Ulama game. The latex was made into rubber by mixing it with the juice of what was likely Ipomoea alba (a species of morning glory), a process which preceded Goodyear's vulcanization by several millennia.Hosler, et al. The resultant rubber would then be formed into rubber strips, which would be wound around a solid rubber core to build the ball.
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There are a range of bitter, medicinal and wild greens that are commonly used in mallung in Sri Lanka, with mostly the leaves of native plants used. One of the most popular mallungs is made with gotukola (Centella asiatica), other popular varieties include kankun (Ipomoea aquatica), kathurumurunga (Sesbania grandiflora) and mukunuwenna (Alternanthera sessilis). Other herbal leaves like anguna (Dregea volubilis), (Cheilocostus speciosus) and passionfruit leaves are also used in mallungs.
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It was an ingredient in mid-nineteenth century recipes such as cakes and was called tout-les-mois.Canna indica leaves The Spanish took notice of achira in 1549 when it was mentioned as one of four root crops being grown for food by the people of the Chuquimayo valley (Jaén province) of Peru. The other three were sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and racacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza).
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Ipomoea cairica is a vining, herbaceous, perennial plant with palmate leaves and large, showy white to lavender flowers. A species of morning glory, it has many common names, including mile-a-minute vine, Messina creeper, Cairo morning glory, coast morning glory and railroad creeper.Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet, USDA PLANTSColmeiro, Miguel: "Dictionary of the diverse vulgar names of many usual or notable plants of the old and new world", Madrid, 1871.
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Hernandia nymphaeifolia, a tree species found in the Maldives The Maldives have a rich variety of plant life, despite the lack of fertile soils. Three plant communities exist in the Maldives. The first is the foreshore, which is closest to the ocean and mostly bare except for hardy creeping vines such as Ipomoea spp. The next is the beach crest, which is slightly more protected from the tides.
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Omiodes poeonalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (North Kivu, Bas Congo, Orientale, East Kasai, Katanga), Sierra Leone, Tanzania, the Chagos Archipelago, China, Indonesia (Borneo, Flores, Java, Sumatra), Sri Lanka, Japan and Australia (Queensland).Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia The larvae feed on Ipomoea batatas, Cassia species, Glycine max, Senna species and Tephrosia candida.
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A. arborescens has been declared "critically endangered" under the EPBC Act. Despite setting copious seed, seedling recruitment is reduced by cattle grazing, by high levels of seed predation from the introduced rat population, and by introduced weeds such as Solanum mauritianum and Homalanthus populifolius which require a similar habitat to A. arborescens and possibly may out-compete it. Additionally the introduced vine Ipomoea cairica sometimes smothers the trees. Tourism also negatively impacts this tiny population.
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The soup became a part of Teochew cuisine, and its recipe evolved over time. Although the Chinese since the Ming dynasty commonly use sweet potato leaves, other varieties include amaranth, spinach, ipomoea aquatica and other leafy greens; and alternative broths such as beef or chicken. Other ingredients are often added such as beaten eggs, shredded dry cured ham, tofu, cellophane noodles, etc. Guangdong Province's restaurants routinely decorate the soup in a taijitu diagram.
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Ipomoea pes-caprae, also known as bayhops, bay-hops, beach morning glory or goat's foot, is a common pantropical creeping vine belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. It grows on the upper parts of beaches and endures salted air. It is one of the most common and most widely distributed salt tolerant plants and provides one of the best known examples of oceanic dispersal. Its seeds float and are unaffected by salt water.
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Grasslands on the sand dunes include dense but uneven herbaceous-bushy flora. Species include Scaevola plumieri, Portulaca pilosa, Cakile lanceolata, Cyperus planifolius, Sporobolus virginicus, Sporobolus piramydatus, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Euphorbia buxifolia, Spartina patens, Lycium bridgesii, Calotropis procera, Egletes prostrata, Argusia gnaphalodes, Tournefortia volubilis, Opuntia caracasana, Heterostachys ritteriana, Chamaesyce dioica, Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia, Croton punctatus, Cenchrus echinatus and Tribulus zeyheri. Isolated dunes may hold windblown trees and bushes such as Conocarpus erectus, Prosopis juliflora and Vachellia tortuosa.
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They differ from S. scabies by having spores that are of different colours. S. ipomoea causes a similar disease on sweet potato tubers. There are also other species of Streptomyces found in scab lesions on potato tubers that do not cause disease. 16 distinct strains have been isolated from tubers and based on a genetic analysis of them, they are most similar to S. griseoruber, S. violaceusniger, S. albidoflavus and S. atroolivaceus.
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Harvesting is being done by pulling up the whole plant.Edie, Harry, and H. Ho. "Ipomoea Aquatica as a Vegetable Crop in Hong Kong." Economic Botany 23.1 (1969): 32-36. Web. The wetland method is the traditionally more common and important method for cultivation in Hong Kong: In the wetland method, water spinach is cultivated on flat fields surrounded by raised banks, which have oftentimes been used as rice paddies in the past.
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After the first harvests, every seven to ten days throughout the summer, these vertical branches can be harvested. After the planting period, the fields are drained and once the fruit of the water spinach is ripe, it is harvested, dried, then trodden to release the seeds which are to be used for the following season.Edie, Harry, and H. Ho. "Ipomoea Aquatica as a Vegetable Crop in Hong Kong." Economic Botany 23.1 (1969): 32-36. Web.
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Ipomoea pandurata, known as man of the earth, wild potato vine, manroot, wild sweet potato, and wild rhubarb,J. K. Crellin & A. L. Tommie Bass, A Reference Guide to Medicinal Plants (Duke University Press, 1989), p. 305. is a species of herbaceous perennial vine native to North America. It is a twining plant of woodland verges and rough places with heart-shaped leaves and funnel-shaped white flowers with a pinkish throat.
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Thorny bushes or small trees commonly found in this area include Capparis deciduas, Capparis sepiaria, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia senegal, A. nilotica, A. leucophloea, Prosopis juliflora, Butea monosperma, Maytenus emarginata, Tamarix sp., Salvadora persica, S. oleoides, Crotalaria medicaginea, C. burhia, Clerodendrum phlomidis, Calotropis procera, Xanthium indicum and Leptadenia pyrotechnica associated with climbers such as Maerua oblongifolia, Pergularia daemia, Ceropegia bulbosa, herbs e.g., Argemone mexicana, Farsetia hamiltonii, Tephrosia purpurea, Cleome viscosa, Tribulus terrestris, Glinus lotoides, Sericostoma pauciflorum, Rivea sp., Ipomoea sp.
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During Sachet's visit in 1958, the vegetation was found to consist of a sparse cover of spiny grass and low thickets, a creeping plant (Ipomoea spp.), and stands of coconut palm. This low-lying herbaceous flora seems to be a pioneer in nature, and most of it is believed to be composed of recently introduced species. Sachet suspected that Heliotropium curassavicum and possibly Portulaca oleracea were native. Coconut palms and pigs were introduced in the 1890s by guano miners.
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Since its discovery in 1814 by Frederick Pursch, the plant has undergone many name modifications. The current scientific name of "Ipomopsis", Latin for "similar to Ipomoea" or morning glories, refers to its similarities between the morning glories' similar red tubular flowers. "Aggregata", "brought together" in Latin refers to its petal growing pattern. Common names include scarlet gilia, scarlet trumpet, and skyrocket.. The potent smell from glands within its basal leaf formations grant it the name skunk flower.
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Dioscorea alata, also known as purple yam, ube, or greater yam, among many other names, is a species of yam (a tuber). The tubers are usually a vivid violet-purple to bright lavender in color (hence the common name), but some range in color from cream to plain white. It is sometimes confused with taro and the Okinawa sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Ayamurasaki), although D. alata is also grown in Okinawa where it is known as .
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The species is widely distributed across the Indian Subcontinent (but not Sri Lanka or western Pakistan) and Southeast Asia mainly in low elevations. Both this species and the pheasant-tailed jacana can occur in the same habitat. It is sedentary apart from seasonal dispersal in response to drought and rains. They are able to use wetlands covered in introduced weeds such as water hyacinth and make use of the cover provided by Ipomoea aquatica when breeding.
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Lysergic acid, also known as -lysergic acid and (+)-lysergic acid, is a precursor for a wide range of ergoline alkaloids that are produced by the ergot fungus and found in the seeds of Turbina corymbosa (ololiuhqui), Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose), and Ipomoea tricolor (morning glories, tlitliltzin). Amides of lysergic acid, lysergamides, are widely used as pharmaceuticals and as psychedelic drugs (LSD). Lysergic acid received its name as it was a product of the lysis of various ergot alkaloids.
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The plant is predisposed to moist and rich soil, but can be found growing in a wide array of soil types.Richard H. Uva, Joseph C. Neal and Joseph M. Ditomaso, Weeds of The Northeast, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), Pp. 214-217. It is naturalized throughout warm temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Although it is often considered a noxious weed, Ipomoea purpurea is also grown for its beautiful purple and white flowers and has many cultivars.
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Numerous Spanish families from the nearby towns settled in Xalapa, so by 1760 the population had increased to over 1,000 inhabitants, including mestizo and Spanish. Among local items of commerce were botanical medicines particularly ipomoea purga source of a drug known in English as Jalap. The growth of Xalapa in population, culture, commerce and importance, increased dramatically in the 18th century. Responding to residents' requests, Carlos IV of Spain declared Xalapa a town on 18 December 1791.
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In their distribution countries, caterpillars are found on variety of plants such as Jasminum, Solanum tuberosum, Nicotiana tabacum, Tectona grandis, Datura, Ipomoea batatas, Clerodendrum kaempferi, Erythrina speciosa, Clerodendrum quadriloculare, Lantana camara, Sesamum indicum, Solanum melongena, Solanum verbascifolium, Stachytarpheta indica, Tithonia diversifolia, Solanum torvum, Spathodea campanulata, Vitex pinnata, Psilogramma menophron and Clerodendrum inerme. A. lachesis is not the species of death's head used in the promotional posters for The Silence of the Lambs. That is Acherontia styx.
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One particularly resilient species—the Mile-a-minute vine (Ipomoea cairica)—is a major problem in the area. A 2007 study found 16 drainage pipes along the creek, as well as coverts and bridges that restrict its flow and result in localized flooding. A concrete dam along the creek's course prevents fish migration. However, several segments of the creek are considered to be in relatively good condition, especially near its mouth, and populations of trout have been observed.
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Sweet Potato Mild Mottle Virus (or SPMMV) has a large host range. This is uncommon for potyviruses, making SPMMV a divergent species of potyviruses. SPMMV hosts include 45 different species in 14 different plant families. The naturally occurring host, and namesake for the virus is Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). Even though SPMMV is found naturally in sweet potato, scientists have been able to experimentally transmit the virus to different species including beets, sowbane, devil’s snare, makhmali, tomato, tobacco, petunia, and zinna.
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Sand Cay has no source of natural fresh water, but the islet's coral sand is covered with a thin layer of fertile humus mixing with guano. The vegetation mainly composes of Barringtonia asiatica, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Casuarinaceae's species as well as some kinds of grass. In recent years, islanders have cultivated fruit trees such as pomelo, jackfruit, dragonfruit, sugar-apple and guava. Sand Cay is usually visited by seabirds, and its surrounding water is rich with fish, sea snails and sea cucumbers.
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In Fujian, six generations per year have been recorded.Revision of Tribe Archipini (Tortricidae: Tortricinae) in Northeast China The larvae feed on the fruit and new leaves of Akebia quinata, Chloranthus serratus, Houttuynia cordata, Ipomoea aquatica, Malus baccata, Malus pumila, Prunus salicina, Prunus sargentii, Prunus tomentosa, Pyrus ussuriensis, Sinomenium acutum and Sorbus commixta. They have a dark green body and black head.Some morphological and bio-ecological characteristics of groundnut leafroller Archips asiaticus (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) The species overwinters in the larval stage.
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Foraging workers often visit flowers for nectar, chiefly those of Pisonia, but also of Canavalia, Commicarpus, Ipomoea, Melanthera, Plumbago and Scaevola. O. glaber also associates with some insects, including the pineapple mealybug (Dysmicoccus brevipes) and aphids, which they import and tend with other bugs on domestic pot plants. O. glaber associates indirectly with Ananusia australis, an encyrtid parasitoid wasp. During the nuptial flight, a queen may mate with multiple males while the males will only mate with a single queen, making them monogynous.
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Ipomoea tricolor, the Mexican morning glory or just morning glory, is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, native to the New World tropics, and widely cultivated and naturalised elsewhere. It is an herbaceous annual or perennial twining liana growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, 3–7 cm (1" to 3") long with a 1.5–6 cm (½" to 2") long petiole. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, in diameter, most commonly blue with a white to golden yellow centre.
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Ipomoea heptaphylla, sometimes known as Wright's morning glory in the United States, is a species of morning glory. It is incorrectly classified as I. wrightii in American publications, but is incorrectly known as I. tenuipes in Africa and India. It is an annual or short-lived perennial vine which climbs using twining stems, and has pink or purple flowers. The leaf shape is somewhat variable, with individuals possessing compound leaves palmately divided into five leaflets, and lanceolate-leaved individuals occurring in neighbouring populations.
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Yuan, as an agricultural student at Southwest University, remained skeptical on both theories and started his own experiments to try and come up with his own conclusions. His first experiment was on the sweet potato. Following Michurin's theory, he grafted Ipomoea alba (a kind of flower with high Photosynthesis rate and high efficiency in starch production) on to sweet potatoes. Those sweet potatoes grew a lot bigger than the sweet potatoes he hadn't grafted the alba on to, with the biggest one reaching almost 8kg.
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The 67 kD precursor was imported into the stroma in an ATP-dependent manner where a stromal peptidase processes the precursor into a 62 kD intermediate. The translocation of this intermediate into the thylakoid lumen was light- dependent and results in the generation of the mature 59 kD enzyme. Based on analysis of the precursor and mature catechol oxidase purified from Ipomoea batatas, proteolytic processing removes both the N-terminal transit peptide as well as a C-terminal domain that covers the enzyme active site.
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Ardices canescens, the dark-spotted tiger moth or light ermine moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae that is found across most of Australia. It originally was included in the genus Spilosoma, but later the generic status of Ardices was proven. The larvae are polyphagous, and are known to feed on Bidens pilosa, Helianthus annuus, Taraxacum officinale, Ipomoea batatas, Alcea rosea, Rosa odorata, Plantago, Ricinus communis and Tradescantia albiflora. The polyembrionic parasitoid wasp Copidosoma floridanurn sometimes uses this species of caterpillar as a host.
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Avila was born March 19, 1865 on São Jorge Island in the Azores of Portugal. He immigrated from the Azores to California in 1883. For the first several years Avila worked as a laborer on local farms in Alameda County (Niles and Mission San Jose areas)."California" by Robert L. Santos; California State University, Stanislaus, Librarian/Archivist Avila then in 1888 moved to the Atwater-Buhach area in Merced County and planted a successful garden of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) from seeding stock of his country.
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Ipomoea indica is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, known by several common names, including blue morning glory, oceanblue morning glory, koali awa, and blue dawn flower. It bears heart-shaped or 3-lobed leaves and purple or blue funnel-shaped flowers in diameter, from spring to autumn. The Latin specific epithet indica means from India, or the East Indies or China. In this case, the name likely refers to the West Indies, as I. indica is native to the New World.
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The leaf shape is somewhat variable, with individuals usually possessing compound leaves palmately divided into five leaflets, but with lanceolate-leaved individuals occurring in neighbouring populations. The name heptaphylla actually means 'seven-leaved'. When palmate the leaflets are all approximately the same size, with the entire leaf being roughly round in dimensions. It it quite similar to Ipomoea cairica, which occurs throughout much of its range, having similar leaves, flowers and twining petioles, but this is a less robust plant with smaller flowers and much longer peduncles.
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Ololiuhqui was used by South American healers in shamanic healing ceremonies. Similarly, ingestion of morning glory seeds by Mazatec tribes to "commune with their gods" was reported by Richard Schultes in 1941 and is still practiced today. Additional reports of the use of ergine were made by Don Thomes MacDougall. He reported that the seeds of Ipomoea violacea were used as sacraments by certain Zapotecs, sometimes in conjunction with the seeds of Rivea corymbosa, another species which has a similar chemical composition, with lysergol instead of ergometrine.
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The most common species include Croton heliaster, Borreria cumanensis, Caesalpinia mollis, Randia gaumeri, Jacquinia aristata, Caesalpinia coriaria, Pithecellobium dulce, Capparis odoratissima, Capparis linearis, Caesalpinia coriaria, Pereskia guamacho, Prosopis juliflora, Stenocereus griseus, Malpighia species, Bursera tomentosa and Morisonia americana. The scrub contains low bushy plants from high, mostly very dense, and may be seen as degraded deciduous forests. Many of the species have thorns, spines, and prickles. Common species include Prosopis juliflora, Castela erecta, Stenocereus griseus, Opuntia caracasana, Croton crassifolius, Ipomoea carnea, and Parkinsonia praecox.
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The Old World strains can be divided into African, Indian, Japanese and other Asian clades with a small number of strains grouping outside these. The New World strains divide into Central and Southern America strains. Along with these main groupings are a number of smaller clades. One group infecting a range of legumes originating from India and Southeast Asia (informally 'Legumovirus') and a set of viruses isolated from Ipomoea species originating from America, Asia and Europe (informally 'Sweepovirus') appear to be basal to all the other species.
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In 2001, biologically active hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptides were isolated from tobacco which activated the production of protease inhibitors in a similar way to systemin in tomatoes. Although they are structurally unrelated to systemins, their similar function resulted in them being named hydroxyproline- rich systemins (HypSys). Following the initial discovery other HypSys peptides were found in tomato, Petunia and black nightshade. In 2007, HypSys were found outside the Solanaceae, in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and sequence analysis identified HypSys analogs in poplar (Populus trichocarpa) and coffee (Coffea canephora).
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The young shoots and leaf stalks can be cooked and eaten. The tubers, which are poisonous, have antibacterial and antimicrobial properties and are used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of skin disorders and to treat hernias. The seeds are used to combat the effects of poison, and the tubers are used to make a drug known as "vidari" or "vidaari", although this pharmaceutical is also made from other plants, Ipomoea mauritiana, Pueraria tuberosa and Cycas circinalis. The plant is also used against snake bites.
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Due to the presence of a cell wall, virus entry into plant cells is limited to mechanical transmission or transmission by a vector that can pierce or damage a plant and create a site of entry for the virus. SPFMV is transmitted non- persistently on the stylet tips of aphids as they bite the sweet potato plant. Species of sweet potato affected by SPFMV are diverse, and include many Ipomoea spp. (I. alba, I. aquatica, I. heredifolia, I. nil, I. lacunose, I. purpurea, I. cordatotriloba, I. tricolor), three Nicotiana spp. (N.
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The semiarid tract in Madhya Pradesh is represented by Chambal catchment extending up to Narmda and Betla Rivers. Over 1000 flowering plants have bean reported including Anogeissus latifoia, A. pendula, Tectona grandis, Lannea coromandelica, Diospyros melanoxylon, Sterculia urens, Mitragyna parviflora, Butea monosperma, Emblica officinalls, Boswellia serrata, Bridelia squamosa and Hardwickia binata. Species composition at shrub and ground layer is similar to that of semiarid regions of Gujarat. A few climbers of this area include species of Rhynchosia, Atylosia, Cocculus, Cissampelos, Ipomoea, Pergularia daemia, Pueraria tuberosa and Tinospora cordifolia.
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Flora consists mainly of low deciduous forests in a warm climate. Jacaranda, tabachín, Ipomoea arborescens (the morning glory tree or casahuate, a medium- sized tree with white flowers), ceiba (a very large grayish-green tree with pink or white flowers that provide fruit), and bougainvillea. Wild animals include white-tailed deer, boar of collar, raccoon, badger, skunk, armadillo, hare, common rabbit, coyote, wildcat, weasel, cacomixtle, tlacuache (a member of the raccoon family), and bats, flagged bird, chachalaca (a very noisy bird), magpie copetona, vulture, aura (buzzard), crow, owl, and songbirds and ornamental birds.
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A bowl of Penang Hokkien Mee The Penang variant can be easily distinguished from the other variants by its characteristic spicy prawn broth. It primarily consists of rice vermicelli and thicker yellow egg noodles, while the broth is made with prawn heads and shells, and pork ribs. Sliced prawns are also added into the dish, along with pork slices, hard boiled eggs, kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica), bean sprouts, fried shallots, lard and sambal. In Penang, pig skin, an ingredient rarely served in Kuala Lumpur, is a common topping as well.
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The first step in cooking poduthol is finely chopping vegetables, including cabbage, beans, unripe jackfruit, carrot, unripe banana, yardlong bean, bittergourd, whitespot giant arum and leaves such as green or red cheera, Moringa oleifera, Ipomoea aquatica and Sesbania grandiflora. These finely chopped leaves and vegetables are combined with turmeric powder, chili powder, sliced onion and grated coconut. The mixture is put in a hot pan and stirred until fully cooked.Pachakkari Poduthol After cooking, curry leaves and mustard fried in coconut oil is poured over it along with cloves of garlic.
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The name "Olmec" means "rubber people" in Nahuatl, the language of the Nahuas, and was the Aztec Empire term for the people who lived in the Gulf Lowlands in the 15th and 16th centuries, some 2000 years after the Olmec culture died out. The term "Rubber People" refers to the ancient practice, spanning from ancient Olmecs to Aztecs, of extracting latex from Castilla elastica, a rubber tree in the area. The juice of a local vine, Ipomoea alba, was then mixed with this latex to create rubber as early as 1600 BCE.Rubber Processing, MIT.
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2: 213. 1792. The most common species of this genus is Melanthera biflora, found in the coastal areas and islands of the tropical belt of the Indo-Pacific region.Response of Melanthera biflora to Salinity and Water Stress Together with Portulaca oleracea, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Digitaria ciliaris, Melanthera biflora is usually one of the first species colonizing degraded or altered environments in tropical zones of the planet.Heatwole, H., Done, T., Cameron, E. Community Ecology of a Coral Cay, A Study of One-Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
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The first WRKY transcription factor, (SPF1), was identified in 1994 for its involvement in sucrose regulation of gene expression in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas).Ishiguro and Nakamura (1994) Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel DNA-binding protein, SPF1, that recognizes SP8 sequences in the 5′ upstream regions of genes coding for sporamin and β-amylase from sweet potato. Molecular and General Genetics MGG. 244(6). 563-571 A year later, two WRKY transcription factors, ABF1 and ABF2, established the role of WRKY proteins as a novel family of transcriptional regulators.
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Conogethes is a genus of moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. The currently 17 recognized species are distributed in the Indomalayan and Australasian realm. The genus contains several species that are considered pests on economically important food plants such as Ipomoea, Elettaria and Curcuma, on ornamental plants like Alpinia, and on Shorea, Dipterocarpus and several genera of the pine family, which are used as timber trees. Within Spilomelinae, Conogethes is placed in the species-rich tribus Margaroniini, where it was found to be closely related to the genera Azochis, Ghesquierellana and Megastes.
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Ergoline alkaloids are found in lower fungi and some species of flowering plants: the Mexican species Turbina corymbosa and Ipomoea tricolor of the Convolvulaceae (morning glory) family, the seeds of which were identified as the psychedelic plant drugs known as "ololiuhqui" and "tlitliltzin", respectively. The principal alkaloids in the seeds are ergine and its optical isomer isoergine, with several other lysergic acid derivatives and clavines present in lesser amounts. The Hawaiian species Argyreia nervosa includes similar alkaloids. It is possible, though not proven, that ergine or isoergine are responsible for the psychedelic effects.
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Cultivated I. indica at the BBC Gardeners' World show in June 2011, note the tendrils around the black metal support. Ipomoea indica is a vigorous tender perennial vine native to tropical habitats throughout the world that climbs well over other plants, walls and slopes as growing on the bottom. It is a twisting, occasionally lying, herbaceous plant which is more or less densely hairy on the axial parts with backward-looking trichomes. The stems can grow 3 to 6 cm long and sometimes have roots at the nodes.
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A cassava tuber in cross-section Cassava, yams (Dioscorea spp.), and sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are important sources of food in the tropics. The cassava plant gives the third-highest yield of carbohydrates per cultivated area among crop plants, after sugarcane and sugar beets.Nutrition per Hectare for Staple Crops . gardeningplaces.com Cassava plays a particularly important role in agriculture in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, because it does well on poor soils and with low rainfall, and because it is a perennial that can be harvested as required.
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The larvae feed on a wide range of plants but prefer grasses. Recorded host plants include a number of economically important plants such as Phaseolus vulgaris, Beta vulgaris, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Cucumis melo, Cyperus esculentus, Zea mays, Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus lunatus, Avena sativa, Pisum sativum, Arachis hypogaea, Capsicum annuum, Oryza sativa, Secale cereale, Sorghum bicolor, Glycine max, Sorghum sudanense, Saccharum officinarum, Ipomoea batatas, Lycopersicon esculentum, Brassica rapa and Triticum aestivum. They tunnel into the crown of their host plant, severely weakening large plants and often killing young seedlings.
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It is found in low, open forest, coastal shrubland and along beaches in elevations from sea level to 10m. The forests here can reach to seven metres high. From December through April there is a cooler dry season. Among the restricted amount of plant species found growing on its islands are Borrichia arborescens, Bumelia americana, Casasia clusiifolia, Conocarpus erectus, Coccoloba uvifera, Drypetes diversifolia, Eugenia foetida, Guaiacum sanctum, Ipomoea indica, Jacquinia keyensis, Leucothrinax morrisii, Manilkara bahamensis, Pithecellobium keyense, Rhachicallis americana, Solanum bahamense, Suriana maritima, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Sophora tomentosa, Thalassia testudinum and Uniola paniculata.
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The sweet potato, especially the orange variety, is often called a "yam" in parts of North America, but it is also entirely unrelated to true yams. Ipomoea batatas margaritas in Cikampek station The plant is a herbaceous perennial vine, bearing alternate heart-shaped or palmately lobed leaves and medium-sized sympetalous flowers. The edible tuberous root is long and tapered, with a smooth skin whose color ranges between yellow, orange, red, brown, purple, and beige. Its flesh ranges from beige through white, red, pink, violet, yellow, orange, and purple.
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The origin and domestication of sweet potato occurred in either Central or South America. In Central America, domesticated sweet potatoes were present at least 5,000 years ago, with the origin of I. batatas possibly between the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico and the mouth of the Orinoco River in Venezuela. The cultigen was most likely spread by local people to the Caribbean and South America by 2500 BCE. The sweet potato was grown in Polynesia before western exploration as the Ipomoea batatas, which is generally spread by vine cuttings rather than by seeds.
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Ipomoea batatas from the Seikei Zusetsu agricultural-encyclopedia Sweet potatoes were first introduced to the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period (1521-1598) via the Manila galleons, along with other New World crops. It was introduced to the Fujian province of China in about 1594 from Luzon, in response to a major crop failure. The growing of sweet potatoes was encouraged by the Governor Chin Hsüeh-tseng (Jin Xuezeng). Sweet potatoes were also introduced to the Ryukyu Kingdom, present-day Okinawa, Japan, in the early 1600s by the Portuguese.
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Feral dogs hunt alone or in packs and can prey on larger mammals such as wallabies. Road construction and fragmentation of habitat can expose local populations of native animals to predation by exotic predators that may otherwise have difficulties penetrating dense forest environments. Much of Eungella National Park is accessible only by walking tracks, which may limit feral animal spread, but may make control more difficult. Weeds including lantana (Lantana camara), blue morning glory (Ipomoea indica) and red Natal grass (Melinis repens) are common on the disturbed edges of the park and roadsides.
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The roots of Ipomoea jalapa, when dried, are carried as the John the Conqueror root amulet. John the Conqueror, also known as High John de Conqueror, John, Jack, and many other folk variants, is a folk hero from African-American folklore. He is associated with a certain root, the John the Conqueror root or John the Conqueroo, to which magical powers are ascribed in American folklore, especially among the hoodoo tradition of folk magic. Muddy Waters mentions him as Johnny Cocheroo in the songs "Mannish Boy" and "I'm Your Hoochie Coochie Man".
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Ommatospila narcaeusalis, adult Rhectothyris gratiosalis, adult Syllepis hortalis, adult Recorded food plants of Hydririni larvae are predominantly Sapindaceae: Allophylus psilospermus, A. racemosus, Paullinia bracteosa, P. costaricensis, P. faginea, P. fuscescens, P. grandifolia, P. turbacensis, Serjania atrolineata, S. mexicana, S. rhombea, S. schiedeana, S. valerioi, and Urvilea ulmacea. A single case of feeding on the Fabaceae, Senna obtusifolia is recorded for a Costa Rican specimen of Lamprosema, and the young larvae of Hydriris ornatalis feed on the leaf undersides of Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae) and related plants, whereas older larval instars skeletonize the leaves.
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A Jamaican breakfast including callaloo (bottom right) Callaloo in Trinidad & Tobago and other eastern Caribbean countries is generally made with okra and dasheen or water spinach Ipomoea aquatica. There are many variations of callaloo which may include coconut milk, crab, conch, Caribbean lobster, meats, pumpkin, chili peppers, and other seasonings such as chopped onions and garlic. The ingredients are added and simmered down to a somewhat stew-like consistency. When done, callaloo is dark green in colour and is served as a side dish which may be used as a gravy for other food.
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Plecing kangkung is an Indonesian spicy water spinach dish made from Lombok island. Plecing kangkung made from blanched kangkung leaf (Ipomoea aquatica) served cold with plecing sambal, made from ground red chili pepper, shallots, garlic, burned bird's eye chili, candlenut, kaffir lime, burned shrimp paste, a pinch of salt and sugar. As a side dish for Lombok Ayam taliwang dish, plecing kangkung usually also served with additional vegetables such as bean sprouts, string beans, fried peanuts and urap's grated spicy coconut dressing. Outside Lombok, plecing kangkung is also commonly served in neighboring island Bali.
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Southeast Asian-style stir-fried Ipomoea aquatica in chili and sambal Vegetables (and some fruit) for sale on a street in Guntur, India Vegetables play an important role in human nutrition. Most are low in fat and calories but are bulky and filling. They supply dietary fiber and are important sources of essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. Particularly important are the antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E. When vegetables are included in the diet, there is found to be a reduction in the incidence of cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic ailments.
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A C4 protein related to the SPLCV interacts with brassinosteroid-intensive 2 (ABtBIN2) in the plasma membrane of host cells. This results in the C4 protein re-localizing AtBIN2-interacting proteins in the nucleus of the host cell, altering the expression of brassinosteriod (BR)-genes to cause the activation of BR-signaling pathway. This causes the down-regulated expression of key genes that are necessary to the development of the anther and pollen. SPLCV is most common in sweet potatoes, but symptoms have also been observed in blue morning glory (Ipomoea indica).
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The fish used in mas huni was as a rule Maldive fish but currently many Maldivians use canned tuna. Traditionally when fish was scarce, chopped leaves were added to the mas huni mixture. The green leaves of certain local plants and trees such as digutiyara (Senna occidentalis), kuḷḷafila or gōramfau (Launaea sarmentosa), mābulhā (Abutilon theophrasti), muranga (Moringa oleifera), massāgu (Amaranthus spinosus or Amaranthus viridis) sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and ḷos (Pisonia grandis), among others, replaced the fish in mas huni in a smaller or greater proportion. Other variant of mas huni is made with muranga pods (Moringa oleifera) instead of thick, lucious leaves.
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After seeds are dispersed, kin recognition and cooperation affects root formation in developing plants. Studies have found that the total root mass developed by Ipomoea hederacea (morning glory shrubs) grown next to kin is significantly smaller than those grown next to non-kin; shrubs grown next to kin thus allocate less energy and resources to growing the larger root systems needed for competitive growth. Interestingly, when seedlings were grown in individual pots placed next to kin or non-kin relatives, no difference in root growth was observed. This indicates that kin recognition occurs via signals received by the roots.
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Coral reefs form white or yellow sanded beaches, while beach sediments derived from volcanic rocks are typically black or grey, such as those of northern Bali and southern Java. In the granitic zone of the Riau, Bangka and Belitung Islands, white quartz sands as well as granite boulders dominate. Sandy backshores are colonized by coastal vegetation, notably Ipomoea pes-caprae and Spinifex littoreus, then coconut and casuarina trees. Coastal dunes are poorly developed in the humid tropics, but on the southern shores of Java and Sumatra, prograded beaches are backed by dunes, some of which carry woodland vegetation.
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Movements between host plants throughout generations of H. virescens have been observed in a widespread number of environments. For example, in Georgia, the first two generations of H. virescens of the year (in around April and May) develop primarily on toadflax, but the third generation (in June and July) prefers deergrass. Future generations (between July to October) prefer beggarweed to other host plants. Other recorded food plants include Penstemon laevigatus, Desmodium species, Lespedeza bicolor, Medicago lupulina, Geranium dissectum, Rhexia species, Rumex species, Physalis species, Lonicera japonica, Lupinus species, Ipomoea species, Jacquemontia tamnifolia, Passiflora species, Sida spinosa, Helianthus species, Linaria canadensis, and Abutilon theophrasti.
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The theory of pre-Columbian contact across the South Pacific Ocean between South America and Polynesia has received support from several lines of evidence, although solid confirmation remains elusive. A diffusion by human agents has been put forward to explain the pre-Columbian presence in Oceania of several cultivated plant species native to South America, such as the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) or sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Direct archaeological evidence for such pre-Columbian contacts and transport has not emerged. Similarities noted in names of edible roots in Maori and Ecuadorian languages ("kumari") and Melanesian and Chilean ("gaddu") have been inconclusive.
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Castilla elastica, the Panama rubber tree, is a tree native to the tropical areas of Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. It was the principal source of latex among the Mesoamerican peoples in pre-Columbian times. The latex gathered from Castilla elastica was converted into usable rubber by mixing the latex with the juice of the morning glory species Ipomoea alba which, conveniently, is typically found in the wild as a vine climbing Castilla elastica. The rubber produced by this method found several uses, including most notably, the manufacture of balls for the Mesoamerican ballgame ōllamaliztli.
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Lysergol is an alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs as a minor constituent in some species of fungi (most within Claviceps), and in the morning glory family of plants (Convolvulaceae), including the hallucinogenic seeds of Rivea corymbosa (ololiuhqui), Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose) and Ipomoea violacea. Lysergol is not a controlled substance in the USA. Its possession and sale is also legal under the U.S. Federal Analog Act because it does not have a known pharmacological action or a precursor relationship to LSD, which is a controlled substance. However, lysergol is an intermediate in the manufacture of some ergoloid medicines (e.g.
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Adults are pale yellow to brown and may be variably mottled with dark brown. There are multiple generations per year.; 2007: Phylogenetic relationships, systematics, and biology of the species of Amorbia Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini). The larvae have been recorded on a wide range of plants, including Acacia koaia, Arachis hypogaea, Brassaia, Brassica oleracea, Carica papaya, Cassia leschenaltiana, Citrus sinensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Dracaena, Gardenia, Gliricidia septum, Gossypium, Ipomoea batatas, Lycopersicon esculentum, Macadamia, Orchidaceae, Passiflora, Persea americana, Phais, Phaseolus, Pipturus, Psidium guajava, Rosa, Rubus, Rubus hawaiiensis, Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosum, Sophora, Theobroma cacao, Ulex europaeus, Wikstroemia foetida and Zea mays.
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These tiers make the habitat hard to penetrate, providing protection from human disturbance and cover from predators. The Bang Nara river habitat, where communities have been discovered, is tidal. The two reserves in Vietnam are both peat swamp forests, surrounded by 15m high Melaleuca cajuputi, covered in dense lianas such as Stenochlaena palustris in its primary zone, and a second zone of meadows made up of Eleocharis dulcis. These two Vietnamese reserves contain many canals and floating aquatic plants like Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia cucullata and Ipomoea aquatica to hunt and play in, with surrounding rice paddies as a third buffer zone.
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There are a few freshwater marshes, which hold endemic plant species and provide resting areas for resident and migratory birds. Plants species in the marshes include Acrostichium aurem, Marsilea ancylopoda, Nephrolepis hirsutula, Pitygramma trifoliata, Eichhornia crassipes, Amoreuxia wrightii, Ipomoea wrightiii, Pluchea odorata, Pluchea sagittalia and Eleocharis mutata. The Galapagos carpet weed (Sesuvium edmonstonei), formerly thought to be found only on the Galápagos Islands, has been observed on a protected strip of shore grasses and bush between Coro and La Vela. However, the description of the specimens is somewhat different from that of the Galapagos species, so it may be a different species.
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The native plant communities generally appear as a narrow strand of vegetation, mostly a flattened growth of various shrubs, vines, grass-like plants, scattered trees and herbs. The varied habitats of pāhoehoe (smooth, ropy lava), and aā flats, drifted sand, anchialine pond shores, protected beaches, and sea spray battered bluffs each support different native plant communities. In the reconnaissance survey, fourteen species of coastal strand plants (six trees, seven ground cover or shrub forms and the invasive aquatic water hyacinth). Native plants such as ilima (Sida fallax), naupaka kahakai (Scaevola taccada), and pōhuehue (Ipomoea pes-caprae brasiliensis) were found in the area.
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The curing of rubber has been carried out since prehistoric times. The name of the first major civilization in Guatemala and Mexico, the Olmec, means 'rubber people' in the Aztec language. Ancient Mesoamericans, spanning from ancient Olmecs to Aztecs, extracted latex from Castilla elastica, a type of rubber tree in the area. The juice of a local vine, Ipomoea alba, was then mixed with this latex to create processed rubber as early as 1600 BC. In the Western world, rubber remained a curiosity, although it was eventually used to produce waterproofed products, such as Mackintosh rainwear, beginning in the early 1800s.
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Golden-winged sunbirds consume the nectar from flowers of the mint Leonotis nepetifolia flowers as their main food source, but they also feed infrequently on other flower species: Aloe graminicola and Leonotis mollissima during the breeding season, and also Crotalaria species including C. agatiflora, Erythrina abyssinica, Fuchsia species, Ipomoea batatas, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Phragmanthera dschallensis and other pea species. The golden-winged sunbird also eats insects such as beetles, flies, ants, bees and wasps and various larvae. Territorial birds, golden-winged sunbirds defend patches of Leonotis nepetifolia flowers outside the breeding season in Kenya. This species flowers in July when little else is in flower.
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Breeding Laysan rail On Laysan, courtship and the start of nest-building was in April, with eggs being laid from May to June and the height of the nesting season taking place in June and July; there is a report of recently hatched young birds from Midway in March, but this seems to be unusually early. On Laysan, nests were built in tussocks of endemic Cyperus pennatiformis subsp. bryanii, kāwelu (Eragrostis variabilis) and introduced Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) around the lagoon, while on Midway, it nested in any shelter that seemed convenient, such as naupaka kahakai (Scaevola taccada ) thickets and pōhuehue (Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis) stands.
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Other well-known entheogens used by Mexican cultures include the alcoholic Aztec sacrament, pulque, ritual tobacco (known as 'picietl' to the Aztecs, and 'sikar' to the Maya (from where the word 'cigar' derives)), psilocybin mushrooms, morning glories (Ipomoea tricolor and Turbina corymbosa), and Salvia divinorum. Datura wrightii is sacred to some Native Americans and has been used in ceremonies and rites of passage by Chumash, Tongva, and others. Among the Chumash, when a boy was 8 years old, his mother would give him a preparation of momoy to drink. This supposed spiritual challenge should help the boy develop the spiritual wellbeing that is required to become a man.
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Davis Mountains State Park receives more rain than the surrounding desert. A variety of trees are found here, such as Mexican pinyon (Pinus cembroides), Emory oak (Quercus emoryi), gray oak (Quercus grisea) and one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma). Shrubs such as scarlet bouvardia (Bouvardia ternifolia), little-leaf leadtree (Leucaena retusa), trompillo (Ipomoea hederifolia), evergreen sumac (Rhus virens), fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica), Apache plume (Fallugia paradoxa), little walnut (Juglans microcarpa), tree cholla (Cylindropuntia imbricata), Torrey yucca (Yucca torreyi), catclaw acacia (Acacia greggii), and agarita (Mahonia trifoliolata) abound. The high elevations above sea level, not in the park, boast ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides).
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Phytochemical and pharmacological researches suggest that freshwater macrophytes, such as Centella asiatica, Nelumbo nucifera, Nasturtium officinale, Ipomoea aquatica and Ludwigia adscendens, are promising sources of anticancer and antioxidative natural products.Chai TT, Ooh KF, Quah Y, Wong FC (2015) Edible freshwater macrophytes: a source of anticancer and antioxidative natural products—a mini-review. Phytochemistry Reviews 14(3): 443–457 Hot water extracts of the stem and root of Ludwigia adscendens, as well as those of the fruit, leaf and stem of Monochoria hastata were found to have lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Hot water extract prepared from the leaf of Ludwigia adscendens exhibits alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity more potent than that of acarbose.
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SVNV was first identified in Tennessee in 2008. Presently it has been detected in: AL, DE, IA, IL, KS, KY, MD, MS, MO, NY, PA, TN and WI. Cultivars of soybeans have been shown to differ in expression of symptoms. Mildly impacted cultivars may only show thread-like vein clearing, whereas other cultivars may have necrosis that covers most of a given leaf and in cases of severe necrosis these leaves can fall off. Tentative testing indicates that Ipomoea hederacea (ivy leaf morning glory) may be another host of this virus, which may prove significant as this can be commonly found as a weed in soybean fields.
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Digitaria ciliaris is a tough plant, believed to have originated in Asia but now found all over the tropical belt of the planet, as well as in many temperate regions of both hemispheres. This grass is an invasive species considered an aggressive weed in certain countries, including China, Mexico and the United States. Together with Portulaca oleracea, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Melanthera biflora, Digitaria ciliaris is usually one of the first species colonizing degraded or altered environments in tropical zones of the planet.Heatwole, H., Done, T., Cameron, E. Community Ecology of a Coral Cay, A Study of One-Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
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Some species contain ergoline alkaloids that are likely responsible for the use of these species as ingredients in psychedelic drugs (e.g. ololiuhqui). The presence of ergolines in some species of this family is due to infection by fungi related to the ergot fungi of the genus Claviceps. A recent study of Convolvulaceae species, Ipomoea asarifolia, and its associated fungi showed the presence of a fungus, identified by DNA sequencing of 18s and ITS ribosomal DNA and phylogenetic analysis to be closely related to fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae, was always associated with the presence of ergoline alkaloids in the plant. The identified fungus appears to be a seed-transmitted, obligate biotroph growing epiphytically on its host.
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Catechol oxidase is a copper oxidase that contains a type 3 di-copper cofactor and catalyzes the oxidation of ortho-diphenols into ortho-quinones coupled with the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. It is present in a variety of species of plants and fungi including Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) and Camellia sinensis (Indian tea leaf). Metalloenzymes with type 3 copper centers are characterized by their ability to reversibly bind dioxygen at ambient conditions. In plants, catechol oxidase plays a key role in enzymatic browning by catalyzing the oxidation of catechol to o-quinone in the presence of oxygen, which can rapidly polymerize to form the melanin that grants damaged fruits their dark brown coloration.
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The Enga of the Western Highlands Province in New Guinea receive most of their food from growing sweet potatoes Ipomoea batatas which they plant in mulch mounds at elevations up to 2,700m or higher (Dove and Carpenter 2008). The mounds that the Enga make to plant their crops of potatoes are formed from by piling large amounts of grass taken from fallow, or unplanted, plots then by covering the grass with dirt (Wohlt 2004). The size of the mounds depends on elevation; the higher the elevation; the bigger the mounds will be. Mounds above 2,500m in altitude can have a height of 0.85m in height; while crops below 1,500m are not mounded at all (Dove and Carpenter 2008).
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Ipomoea lobata, the fire vine, firecracker vine or Spanish flag (formerly Mina lobata), is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, native to Mexico and Brazil. Growing to tall, I. lobata is a perennial climber often cultivated in temperate regions as an annual. It has toothed and lobed leaves (hence lobata) and one-sided racemes of flowers, opening red and fading to yellow, cream and white. These colours are graded down the length of the flower spike. The effect is like a firework, hence one of its popular names “firecracker vine”. The colours vaguely resemble the red and gold of the Spanish national flag, hence its other common name “Spanish flag”.
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Open communities of short salt-tolerant herbs are found in depressions that are often flooded by the sea, including species such as Atriplex pentandra, Batis maritima, Heterostachys ritteriana, Sarcocornia fruticosa and Sesuvium portulacastrum. Low open to dense communities of herb cover sandy dunes with species such as Cakile lanceolata, Cyperus planifolius, Euphorbia buxifolia, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Portulaca pilosa, Scaevola plumieri and Sporobolus virginicus. The coastal dry thorn scrubs grow on rocky/sandy land from above the beaches, and contain open to very closed communities of plants such as columnar cacti and spiny shrubs armed with thorns, spines, and prickles. Typical plants are Prosopis and Parkinsonia species, Bourreria cumanensis, Opuntia caribaea and Stenocereus griseus.
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These two facts tend to limit agriculture to one season and dependent on the various small rivers and streams of the region. Vegetation in the area is divided into land and sea. Land vegetation includes evergreen tropical forest dominated by Bravaisia integerrima, Hymenaea courbaril and Manilkara zapota, deciduous tropical forest (the most abundant) dominated by Amphypterigium adstringens, Cochlosperum vitifolium, Cordia dentada and C. elaeagnoides, semideciduous tropical forest dominated by Astronium graveolens, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Annona primigenia and Bursera arborea, areas with dry scrubland with species such as Acacia cochilacantha, Guaiacum coulteri, Krameria cuspidate and Crossopetalum puberulum and sandy beach areas with Ipomoea pes-caprae, Heliotropium curassavicum and Okenia hypogaea. In lagoon areas, mangroves are evident as well.
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The areas of transition between the forest and river hold shrubs and small vines that include Artemisia artemisiifolia, Ipomoea carnea, Polygonum punctatusm, Justicia obtusifolia, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Capironia fistulosa, Sesbania exasperata, Mimosa pigra, Montrichardia linifolia, Clamatis aculeata, Senna reticulata, Phaseolus lineatus, Rhabdadenia macrostoma and Clitonia triquetum. The forest holds larger trees such as Hura crepitans, Triplaris surinamensis, Calycophyllum spruceanum, Cedrela oderata, Pseudobombax munguba, Virola surinamensis and Ceiba pentandra. A variety of trees produce fleshy fruit that supports species of fruit eating primates, bats and fish that enter the forest when it is flooded. These include yellow mombim (Spondias mombim), buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa), açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), socoró (Mouriri ulei) and tarumã (Vitex cymosa).
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There the stimulus for population growth was the hunting of large birds to extinction, during which time forests in drier areas were destroyed by burning, followed the development of intensive agriculture in favorable environments, based mainly on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and a reliance on the gathering of two main wild plant species in less favorable environments. These changes, as in the smaller islands, were accompanied by population growth, the competition for the occupation of the best environments, complexity in social organization, and endemic warfare (Anderson 1997). The record of humanly induced changes in environments is longer in New Guinea than in most places. Agricultural activities probably began 5,000 to 9,000 years ago.
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The Olmec knew how to produce rubber and various uses of it, and probably had technological processes for vulcanization and for waterproofing with tar. After multiple studies by several specialists, it has been established that to create the rubber balls, the Olmecs mixed latex rubber (Castilla elastica) with latex from the flowering vine Ipomoea alba, which is farmed in tropical regions of Mexico and contains latex sulphides. The chemical reaction produced by mixing the two allows vulcanization. The Olmecs obtained rubber or ulli by cutting an incision in the tree for the exuded latex, which in its natural state is a sticky milky fluid and when dry is very fragile and will not retain a form.
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Furthermore, both the oxidized Cu(II)-Cu(II) state and the reduced Cu(I)-Cu(I) state were the two states identified by the crystal structure of Ipomoea batatas. The monodentate binding of catechol to the copper center was supported by the crystal structure of catechol oxidase bound with the bound-substrate analogue inhibitor phenylthiourea, which also binds to the copper center in a monodentate fashion. However, one issue with this catalytic cycle is that the charge of the active site changes during the catalytic cycle from +1 to +3. This necessitates the presence of nearby bases that can store the protons; however, the X-ray crystal structure does not indicate the presence of any such bases as the histidine residues are coordinated with the copper centers.
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Further inland there are freshwater marshes with plants such as golden leather fern (Acrostichum aureum), Virola species), Campnosperma panamensis, milk tree (Brosimum utile) and palms such as Mauritiella pacifica, sheath palm (Manicaria saccata) and Euterpe cuatrecasa. Common plants include Amphitecna Gentry, black calabash (Amphitecna latifolia), Crenea patentinervis, açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), coast cottonwood (Hibiscus tiliaceus), Lonchocarpus monilis, Mora oleifera, Pavonia rhizophorae, Phryganocydia phellosperma, mangle marica (Tabebuia palustris), Tuberostylis axillaris and Tuberostylis rhizophorae. Sandy areas have field sandbur (Cenchrus pauciflorus), Homolepis aturensis, and climbers such as beach bean (Canavalia rosea), bayhops (Ipomoea pes-caprae), fiddle- leaf morning glory (Ipomea stolonifera), Pectis arenaria and St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum). Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae epiphytes that invade the canopy include Vrissia grandioliflora, Guzmania musaica and Heliconia bihai.
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Melanthera biflora is a moderately salt-tolerant plant found in the tropical belt of the Indo- Pacific region, including China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Queensland, and islands of the Pacific such as Fiji, Niue, Tonga, Samoa and the Cook Islands. It is found commonly in islands and in coastal areas, although it sometimes occurs inland in neglected and unmanaged plantations as well as in ruderal environments.Response of Melanthera biflora to Salinity and Water Stress Together with Portulaca oleracea, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Digitaria ciliaris, Melanthera biflora is usually one of the first species colonizing degraded or altered environments in tropical zones of the planet.Heatwole, H., Done, T., Cameron, E. Community Ecology of a Coral Cay, A Study of One-Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
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In 1893, following a protest over taxation and a violent melee with the police forces in Masseté, Conselheiro and his band settled on an abandoned farm called Canudos, so called because a plant, canudo-de-pita (scientific name Ipomoea carnea, its popular name referring to its hollow tubes, used for manufacturing smoking pipes) was common in the region. The place was named Belo Monte (Beautiful Mount) by Antonio Conselheiro, but the old name, Arraial de Canudos, prevailed. Over the years people from across Bahia, including landless farmers, former slaves, indigenous people and cangaceiros flocked to join him, and within a few years the fledgling settlement numbered 30,000 people (which made it the second largest urban center in Bahia behind SalvadorLevine, Robert M. “Canudos in the National Context.” The Americas (Oct.
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Pandanus is common in the littoral habitat, and is a component of strandline and coastal vegetation, including grassy or swampy woodlands, secondary forests, and scrub thickets developed on makatea (raised fossilized coralline limestone terraces). It occurs on the margins of mangroves and swamps, as an understory tree in the plantation of coconut and forest, either planted or naturalized. Associated species of native habitat include creepers such as Ipomoea pes-caprae, Canavalia sericea, and Vigna marina. Other coastal thickets and forest associates include Acacia simplex, Amaroria soulameoides, Tournefortia argentea, Barringtonia asiatica, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Calophyllum inophyllum, Casuarina equisetifolia, Cerbera manghas, Chrysobalanus icaco, Cocos nucifera, Cordia subcordata, Excoecaria agallocha, Guettarda speciosa, Hernandia nymphaeifolia, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Intsia bijuga, Morinda citrifolia, Podocarpus neriifolius, Santalum insulare, Scaevola taccada, Schleinitzia insularum, Terminalia catappa, Terminalia littoralis, Thespesia populnea, and Vitex trifoliata.
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While any plant can be a weed, approximately 250 plant species are sufficiently troublesome, cosmopolitan and economically injurious to warrant targeted research into their biology to assist in their management and control. Examples of some of these troublesome weed species in North America are Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), horseweed (Erigeron canadensis L.), morningglory (Ipomoea spp.), waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.). Some weed science researchers provide extension resources for farmers and land managers by trialing a variety of weed control tools and tactics on a specific weed, publishing the results and providing recommendations for their future management. Other researchers may study the biology of weed seeds in order to determine how long weed seeds can remain viable in a soil.
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Stir fried water spinach is a common Asian vegetable dish of stir-fried water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). It is a popular Asian vegetable dish, commonly found throughout East, South and Southeast Asia; from Sichuan and Cantonese cuisine in China, to Filipino, Indonesian, Malaysian, Singaporean, and Vietnamese cuisine in Southeast Asia; to Sri Lankan cuisine and Bengali cuisine in South Asia. As a result, it is known by many names; such as tumis kangkung or cah kangkung in Indonesia; kangkong goreng in Malaysia; ginisang kangkóng or adobong kangkóng in the Philippines; rau muống xào in Vietnam; stir fry kong xin cai (空心菜); stir fry tung choy or ong choy (通菜) in China; kankun mallung in Sri Lanka; and kolmi shak bhaja in Bangladesh and eastern India.
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The seeds, vines, flowers, and leaves contain ergoline alkaloids, and have been used for centuries by many Mexican Native American cultures as an entheogen; R. Gordon Wasson has argued that the hallucinogenic seeds used by the Aztecs under the Nahuatl name tlitliltzin, were the seeds of I. tricolor. Wasson also noted that the modern-day Zapotecs of Oaxaca know the seeds as badoh negro. Richard Schultes in 1941 described Mexican Native American use in a short report documenting the use dating back to Aztec times cited in TiHKAL by Alexander Shulgin. Further research was published in 1960, when Don Thomes MacDougall reported that the seeds of Ipomoea tricolor were used as sacraments by certain Zapotecs, sometimes in conjunction with the seeds of Rivea corymbosa, another species which has a similar chemical composition, with lysergol instead of ergometrine.
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The dry deciduous forests of the Lara–Falcon hills are fairly open, high, and have dense undergrowth. The main flora are Handroanthus billbergii, Roseodendron chryseum (araguán), Bulnesia arborea (Maracaibo lignum vitae), Bourreria cumanensis, Caesalpinia coriaria (divi-divi), Pereskia guamacho (leafy cactus) and Prosopis juliflora (mesquite). The only endemic plant is Apoplanesia cryptantha (family Fabaceae), found in the eastern deciduous forests. Other plant species in the deciduous forests include Acanthocereus colombianus (cactus), Capparis linearis, Capparis odoratissima, Capparis tenuisiliqua, Castela erecta, Cercidium praecox, Croton rhamnifolius, Cynophalla hastata, Cynophalla flexuosa, Ipomoea carnea (pink morning glory), Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush), Libidibia coriaria, Machaerium robiniaefolium, Morisonia americana, Pachira quinata, Pereskia colombiana, Piptadenia flava, Pithecellobium dulce, Pithecellobium unguis-cati, Poponax tortuosa, Randia armata, Stenocereus griseus (dagger cactus), Talisia olivaeformis, Vachellia farnesiana (sweet acacia) and species of the genera Cassia, Eugenia, Guapira, Hyptis, Lonchocarpus, Opuntia, Platymiscium and Zanthoxylum.
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All known host plants contain natural chemicals called glucosinolates, that are cues for egg laying. Host plants are: herb Cruciferae – Arabis glabra, Armoracia lapthifolia, Armoracia aquatica, Barbarea vulgaris, Barbarea orthoceras, Barbarea verna, Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Brassica caulorapa, Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Brassica hirta, Brassica nigra, Brassica tula, Cardaria draba, Capsella bursa-pastoris (females oviposit but larvae refuse it), Dentaria diphylla, Descurainia Sophia, Eruca sativa, Erysimum perenne, Ipomoea alba, Lobularia maritima, Lunaria annua (retards larval growth), Matthiola incana, Nasturtium officinale, Raphanus sativus, Raphanus raphanistrum, Rorippa curvisiliqua, Rorippa islandica, Sisymbrium irio, Sisymbrium altissimum, Sisymbrium officinale (and var. leicocarpum), Streptanthus tortuosus, Thlaspi arvense (larvae grow slowly or refuse it); Capparidaceae: Cleome serrulata, Capparis sandwichiana; Tropaeolaceae: Tropaeolum majus; Resedaceae: Reseda odorata. There are three phases to host selection by the P. rapae adult female butterfly: searching, landing, and contact evaluation.
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Tulip anther with many grains of pollen Closeup image of a cactus flower and its stamens Scanning electron microscope image (500x magnification) of pollen grains from a variety of common plants: sunflower (Helianthus annuus), morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), prairie hollyhock (Sidalcea malviflora'’), oriental lily (Lilium auratum), evening primrose (Oenothera fruticosa), and castor bean (Ricinus communis). Pollen is a powdery substance consisting of pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophytes during the process of their movement from the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants, or from the male cone to the female cone of coniferous plants. If pollen lands on a compatible pistil or female cone, it germinates, producing a pollen tube that transfers the sperm to the ovule containing the female gametophyte.
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Also eaten were mulberries, narrowleaf yucca blossoms, narrowleaf yucca stalks, nipple cactus fruit, one-seed juniper berries, onions, pigweed seeds, pinyon nuts, pitahaya fruit, prickly pear fruit, prickly pear juice, raspberries, screwbean (or tornillo) fruit, saguaro fruit, spurge seeds, strawberries, sumac (Rhus trilobata) berries, sunflower seeds, tule rootstocks, tule shoots, pigweed tumbleweed seeds, unicorn plant seeds, walnuts, western yellow pine inner bark (used as a sweetener), western yellow pine nuts, whitestar potatoes (Ipomoea lacunosa), wild grapes, wild potatoes (Solanum jamesii), wood sorrel leaves, and yucca buds (unknown species). Other items include: honey from ground hives and hives found within agave, sotol, and narrowleaf yucca plants. The abundant agave (mescal) was also important to the Mescalero,The name Mescalero is, in fact, derived from the word mescal, a reference to their use of this plant as food. who gathered the crowns in late spring after reddish flower stalks appeared.
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Aside from the first references to this species from Brazil, India and Cuba, other early collections of this species are from Jamaica, Paraguay, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, northernmost Mexico, Texas and Arkansas. Likely the first specimens in India, and indeed the world, were collected near Chennai, then known as Madras, in Marmelon, now Mambalam-Saidapet, in the 'Nopalry', the Opuntia gardens, of the Scottish physician and keen gardener James Anderson, who was (quite unsuccessfully) attempting to develop cochineal farming in India at this location. Herbarium specimens taken from these gardens made their way to Germany, where they were used as the type to base the taxon on in 1803. Another early collection from the geographical area was in Sri Lanka, from which seeds were sent to a lady gardener in England in the 1840s, which were then grown into plants featured in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (under the name Ipomoea pulchella, and dubbed with the vernacular name 'handsome bindweed' for this work).
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